44 15 4132 https://omeka.wilkes.edu/omeka/files/original/db9e6c37ab31eeeabb7da204763d8e58.pdf fab9d1326f909021fd0b8968034c9f16 PDF Text Text �K--： - -I 二 •普 Being a part of the Upward Bound Summer of 2007 has been truly transforming for me as an Upward Bound director. Celebrating 40 years of success in a program that has been life-changing for so many can offer one new perspectives. Let's reminisce. Forty-five frightened future friends entered Evans Hall on that beautiful Sunday evening in late June of 2007. They were told that their onerous task for the next six weeks was to explore the wonders of the last four decades while discovering their inner-selves and blossoming socially. Oh, by the way...you do that in your spare time after attending a full regimen of academic classes. In the middle of all of that we must plan and implement a reunion, the Carnival of Decades, for Upward Bound members from the past 40 years. The transforming took place day by day as the exploring, discovering and blossoming unfolded. As the Carnival of Decades approached, we began reading stories and examining pictures from Upward Bound classes of the past. We realized that each of the individuals that we were about to host had explored, discovered and blossomed in their own special way just as we were doing here and now in 2007. The hairstyles and clothing had changed, but the Upward Bound moral standards and long-term goals were still the same. The Literary Magazine for 2007 compiles works of present students as well as alumni from the past 40 years. It is befittingly entitled The Ripple Effect as it demonstrates how each individual, by casting their pebble in the Upward Bound pond has created a ripple that will transform their lives and make a difference in the world around them day by day. The insights, hopes, fears, and tears that have been shared in this publication will be an inspiration for decades to come. Margaret A. Espada Director �A speolcL Tkcikvte 丫。u_ F^ovclty CoordLkvators TC/S MS.心呵秘 Ms. Riebe Mr. KoH^orete Mr. EV«kus Mr. Peters Mrs. espfld«~dLrector stepha 应e shflkvdrfl—guLctflkUje coordiuvator Mr. RtpA~nc£?demic coordLwator Mrs. ostrukvt~offi.ee dsststautt Sarah Lloyd—residekvt director TCTed to Steve TCJ^yme TC Marte TCSflrah Ms. qle皿wv saktdy slstrun.te-«sslstakvt resident director Ms. Krushnowstei MS. MuLleuv Ms. wrubeL Mr. F+u仟w-dvt Ms. AdLer VLSutestel. Ms. Mrrern ms. Ms. obcrt tky eter好I s以 m阪er 5 An。not挣眼. 枫很mA应唧巳5巳~ LXt M«g staff Kevin, PnwSs成 Brlflkv Kern-s Mi•肮 seasViocte jeuvutifer EArley Kevtw shewa kv Kin T>ou0htokv Tiara Carey Kat Avt-La Kate Rz)che Ms. k-rushuvowsfet To eVery me tn t/w 快件沽《 矽,心 杨以《Zike加5阪q t/v/VHk 叩仍忡 Mwtker Won好i^ul 5以例 匚it AUq StaffN007 ��By Katheiyn Avila Wc all wonder What the Future Holds. Happiness? Success? No one truly knows What to expect. Will we be famous? Or just another face? One thing is certain, though. Wc all look to the past For guidance, And for ideas. Nothing is new anymore, Only recycled. Ifs not the kind of recycling We should be doing. What about the present? Just like the past, People live in it too much. No matter what, We should always hope for a brighter future. There are those that don't care About what may happen. "We won't be around when it happens,n Is the excuse. What about our children? Their children? Who will build them a future, But us? Upward Bound helps us look, Look towards a brighter tomorrow, A brighter future. Thanks for caring, In the Past, Present, and Future. G创G⑥何⑥G⑥G创何创⑥耐何创佝©◎创 曾 岛 ©i菖 Time Slimmer at UB The summer Qt Upward Bound u a summer full o"un ⑥ i Wli(h Joyme /noting. Ted*/ (earn meeling/. (Tiark^ concern, @o g mile/. mmhere did SSeve*^ hot 可◎曾 i RD Mroh chilling. ®g 伽RD %ndg /napping pictures of u，all! i 姓我h olll khe and Rhe hiend^《◎uind. 四伊凶©『砂IB©und何，幼mird。be Guira Gor钮111・ ^g Clwre，岫 doy。 o g free Hme by nigh虹 ⑥ G O G Being @n OBer \t a delight. Walking S flight/. 『or ◎ mell bolmced meal Iflome oa uueekeAd/ ◎n Sunday aher noon when we return Ule are all，。hoppy (o be together agoin* I^ G O G ③G⑥何⑥⑥创何。何创何⑥何。©创何创每@何 ���. 门血义哽M Payback £淋 ■ q* ewe 血 mM 知4 em 饥 昭期像 Ottbf cwdd ntc s utac^ 所 Ottltf tfM. caM, ma&e me tltoi tttaMf tctMA Otdcf ccM wa^e 话 ? cU^frfiMn. Ottlcf 必# 如^ 如＜ 勿 we we (fid 炀所 at tde end 房血 Ottltf(f(M 如勿血＜ tc Oftlif (fM htow- exacdcf, wkat S g Except for one.... ta we 必& me,勿如 . (mcI ev&itfdatf. Ontif arte wjoa t^e bwe "多俗 and。dCtbt t euen (mmZ cftM 凰 么埼 心Q me 以液 at. euentf 夕"Ceew 'ne euenif, ginl evenif. 双#, 胸，； 所 mcI 就如 nea&t 伽 U By Brian Kerns **Eww!!! Can't you ever not pick on me?" I asked as my older brother withdrew his sahe liva-soaked finger Irom the depths of my ear canal. “I will stop when your older than said. Like most younger brothers, I was stuck on the loosing side of the never-endingj war of — me wrong. ___I try to get him back, but let's lace it, I'm seven and sibling rivalry. Don't get a.» he is twelve, that means that his bones are like steel because he's eaten that many more vegetables than I. Whenever I try to hit him. I just get hurt. I once iried to hire a mob hit man to torture him. but my mom caught me on the phone with him. None of my plans just seem to work. Plus Monopoly ™ money just wouldn't cut it. Exactly one summer ago we went on vacation (and this is where I would procure my revenge). The whole group consisted of me, my brothers, sister, mother, various cousins, aunts, and uncles. The total number of people: twenty three. It was halfxvay through the week when my mother introduced uthc plan." My mother had known that 1 was plotting revenge on my brother for some time (mom's always seem to know). So she took the incentive to make up her own plan. When I first heard “the plan'' I was flabbergasted. I had never heard such an expertly thought out plan in my short lifetime. The logistics were perfect; the timing had to be exact. Everything hinged on the doings of every team member. • It k was was “云 he Day Day of' of' My My stomach stomach was was rolling rolling and and flipping flipping in in the the excitemenl excitement of of finally finally The getting major payback. The team was ready, evenlhing was in place. ‘ 伽扁奶伽如皿炯她L%皿I'm*硕的 /____ ./ ，如. - Three..... Two....One..... Go Time. j 多必 tanned MttaCe wane 液Z 1 例 t/iat 血g* 奥 y方妃例4孕必泌a ^ecaa^e 8 one eUc cCOM心城旭；g靛 Finally, I had won the War. _____ �A YEAR TO REMEMBER JANUARY BRINGS US SNOW SO WHITE. IT LOOKS SO PEACEFUL DA Y AND NIGHT, FEBRUARY BRINGS US NICE RED HEARTS, IN HOPES THAT WE WILL NEVER PART. MARCH BRINGS WINDS SO COOL AND CRISP, IT BLOWS YOUR HAIR 'TILL IT'S A WISP. APRIL ALSO MANY FUN-FILLED HOURS, MA Y BRINGS US VERY PRETTY FLOWERS, THEY SEEM TO FORM A LACY BOWER. AND OH, SO VERY PRETTY IN JUNE, ARE GRADUA TES' ROSES IN FULL BLOOM. AND IN JULY A TEMPTING LEMONADE, TO COOL YOU IN SOME SUMMER SHADE. IN AUGUST THERE ABE HUSKS OF CORN, AND BREEZES BLOW SO BALMY AND WARM. COME SEPTEMBER WE GO BACK TO SCHOOL, AND THE WEATHER TURNS JUST A TRIFLE COOL. IN OCTOBER THERE IS A HARVEST MOON, GHOSTS, PUMPKINS AND WITCHES ON BROOMS. IN NOVEMBER THERE IS THANKSGIVING TURKEY, AND OUR MOODS ARE APT TO TURN SOMEWHA T PERKY. AND WHEN WE AWAKEN TO THE JOYS OF CHRISTMAS MORN, WF MUST REMEMBER THAT IN BETHLEHEM TOWN. OUR SAVIOR WAS BORN, A SA VIOUR WHOSE BIRTH BROUGHT GREA T TIDINGS AND CHEER, AT CHRISTMAS, THE WONDERFUL TIME OF VP AD YEAR. LINDA LANZONE 1967 to Our Personalities clicked instantly Team Woodstock is the Bomb Digity We are the best team ever We are very very clever __ L, UU *■_ - •—- -w —----- Our T.C. Jayme snorts We own all the other teams in sports Team Woodstock is so groovy We could be in a movie Because thafs how we role And don't forget it YEE YAH!!! By： Team Woodstock �2 Editorial In MEDIA. Student Literary Magazine. 1967 The Project is over.... The sbc-week experimental stage of a program designed t。direct, towards college, young people with high potential and questionable motivation. — Instilling motivation In fifty minds is no small goal. Project Upward Bound has so far been fraught with some measure of academic emphasis, personal counseling and a taste of the social aspects of Wilkes College. A congenial atmosphere of flexible seminars, "periodic individual ^guidance seminars, periodic individual guidance a n H Xa C a V * t C LC e cof — — >j ■ . » has [nd +the camaraderie dormitory life been the 乎 approach used by teachers and ； c?ugselors to aid students in adjusting to the basic reality of college*education^ The technique, while as yet untested .fhe by the rigors of the <?=片 coming school years. at i the Q very proves that some portion - least . of 5society cares about the project members. ___ 〜 二如「3. This is made personally meaningful by the evident concern of both counselors and teachers. A question of assistance in the course academic success j success is is thus answered bv Project Upward arri Bound, 眼”" J The remain福 question becomes crucial： are 一〜 the …students Involved in the “， Program willing to not only accept but also to £ opportunity before them? individual's decision poses the crux of the problem *-"--*•-**• of 3 motivation. 酬史网-琨忒噬*?歆呵就 Ted Sod '69 Upward Bound Jessica Kramer Ms. Krushnowski Communications 101 Period 3 Personal Experience 23 July 2007 Every year wc go to school for 180 days, which can seem too long for us. Many kids can not wait until summer vacation starts. This past year seemed like the teachers were ready for a break as much as us. Normally my summer includes camping, sleeping in. and hanging out with my friends or cousins but this year it was different. I am staying at Wilkes with Upward Bound and spend six weeks getting up early and none of my friends are in it so I have to make new ones. I have thought about the six week program since my sister was in it two years ago. At first I really did not want even want to go there, but when I arrived I cried. I never really spent that much time away from my family I only stay one week with my aunt in Virginia and it was amazing I would actually want to move there because I like il so much. I am always with my cousins, friends or my sister. So I did not want to think about spending the next six weeks alone. Everylhing we had to do was new to me. I now had io wake up early to go to classes during my summer vacation. I did not think it was going to be fun being away from home. The first week I moved in with all of these new people who I will be talking classes with and living with fbr the next six weeks. My classes do not bother me after the first week. 1 got used taking the classes because I know that ii w山 help me, when I go back to school in the fall. My classes consist of Algebra 2, Computers, Communications, and Literature. I already had Mrs. Riebe and Mr. Evans in the spring so I knew what there class would be like. Everyone always likes their summer to be free and be able to do anything but I actually do not mind taking these classes. The teachers are all very nice and give up their lime off to teach instead of being on vacation. The work we have to do will help me in the fall when I am learning the problems in Algebra 2 or being a good public speaker so I can talk in front of a panel of teachers fbr my graduation project. At Wilkes I am eating breakfast, lunch, and dinner and have to gel all five food groups. The food gets to you after eating fbr a while. I like to drink PowerAdc. With all of the food we eat, we can not forget about our glass of milk. I am so used to eating food my mom and my grandma makes so the food sometimes gets annoying. During the summer we are spending a lot of time with TC's which our Tutor Counselors are. They help us with anjihing we need like our essays, being afraid of the noises from the dorms, or to be there just to talk. My TC is Jayme. Wc have team meetings with her everyday which is really fun. Well the first week, went by pretty fast. I really like in study lab how we have so much time to do our homework. I really like having a TC's help me when I need it fbr my work. In study Lab I get a lot accomplished. The study period is about one hour and thirty minutes, and we get a ten minute break. My sister stayed at Wilkes fbr Upward Bound and I did not know why she wanted to do it? Most kids like me do not want to spend six weeks with a schedule and classes. The summer is still fun even though we do work in the morning and activities in the night. I tried it because my sister made it and now I finally realize why my sister liked it �= =.：nmc imighlluiveheenta^to^ …一 :no onc i , ar—:二 h Now I cun not gy I arne'-er 二二 _ 一一 -二 汕 vuvujiy" enough •to go .......... swiiiiiiuny* ;__--■- ；m 、，o；t ' inn waking up with the r>, 二. morning which fcols hkc 二==[=工 二 二 l in 二 the me murniiig ........ . , 普' “ 1 y summer so far .二二二二二 二 土此 si night when wc linally gel --：*~巴 a 21 night when wc I..... . □ lice time. My » a lot of time z：% ■■rSncw [riends thill m oi new HJUHU9 uim I« have ““，▼been ----- spending « J . =亏 :15 preparing us for college it also takes us on trips trip* :n m io talk about the trips to the colleges. We got to go to Px 二二=s— -iburg. (wo very different colleges. PennSt^e 二顼& They Tliv/ were v.crc f.vo Penn Sure — cities. chies. You would be a statistic or a number there. 1I tinnk think H if ?-?_ 二-二二工二 ：=]二[— --lessor Lessor would not nol be able to help you because there are ; some -一 Src college and a state school. I .ikexi 、，jdsburg 一一。University 二.：…二is 」a smaller " -daslates. He225 because I probably would have not known the sizes tx 二■二，20 home but now I have ideas. I am thankful that I decided to -2± -p^ard Bound because it helped my sister out in so many ways rzaz}. 一-二 we get to have a career mentorship from 1:15-3:30 and I go to 二二二:=二.soing to CYC. Every Monday and Wednesday after lunch. I ze: 二 毛二1 二二± 二Mi kids from 6-9 years of age. I play games and keep the kids CLicf 王3 = ±e CYC makes me want io be a teacher but it does consist of a lot of --- - ----- with kids is bin and if I was home I would not have teen able to * 二二二 ZY二 I like how the kids look up to me because I am older. They now come 三二= = §.：= a hug it's great!!!!!!!!! ---—^-3 -ze program I will not forget. I never really stayed awav from mv 土二£二 m i：—2： "Mikes is very difierent experience but nice, no parents tellins you —-—~ — cr P^ck up your dishes. It is fun donning with someone I did not really 三mzlss - e Me a lot we can talk about. I like how some of the TC's are going io * 壬=± -- M 正e summer and I am going to be a junior in high school and I still 三二—三 cnllpop students io -teacher/special education. It is nice to have college =.==== —三三^ 亨三皿1155 on ?'hat to do and what they like about college.1t college. lt is already *--三二 二-•8 s not 而业 哼低 I will want it to end. I wish I can come here to school -土 予二M壬亍七心chers and students. I like have a few kids in each class so ihe q[us. In school we usually have twenty five students so a teacher x 于予王严 士: 皿。with us. I understand and learn a lot more with Upward -.- TZfs_ i= cis summer '** not'forget 封 -O-- -… being II Wil I like around everyone mv age from _ wwmg UIVU play a lot of games that I would 三:=言盘看捎¥ ufus ?na Dccausc I'd never played them before, ! :二=..二彰嚣端流"lay a. our team meetings. I reallv like aerobics , •©*,, • «wmi « mj wivS .——._^enonedo.ng the.斜％ a,neCX erc,皿 Se. The 1!-.，,^,Bound 敦混 makes %c The .staffer staff ofUpward =；土=二二 better. I loved i M ',H na Mem/ concert. It was another . .... . •••vtrfiiuc concert. It \\ 三W 二 M hzxe gone to if I homo. 1 still have three weeks left and I hope to home. * of them. -•"二二 nlize in this prog-.,, ui iny mom and dad left —二二my independence and | s ；Ul '：'、 ” °\er!! Well、 Ms：]工=2dspvQmrmind .' about spending^ix-wccks in 普严" collenp nnH mi..... , . " progniin progmm to to henein benefit vvour -------- jC yuu need io &(), ' - mi二工二，二••• e getto 出黑。呼5却就瀚辨 g饕罚嚣*燃腼my心“皿 峰威耳芯'忑' . .... , If I Cotdd/.... If I IZewbYid/ beech t(y- wher。it cCU/ be^vn/ I wcndd^Jt inoJce- th& yviiitdkey I wauld^v t let hurt/ Hip cuucvy (9r tnaybe/ Ju^t tnaybty I(x>tdd/waZhaMay Be/t^re/ cwt^ &f it I can/ iit here^ cvnd/ let- >rty re^rety Crv Tb a/ itate/ of be^n^ where/ hatvn^ ntyself I> the^ wcuy 丈y ^eppaied^ to- be/? I c<w/ loie/ inyielftcr tny >niitake& Or (accept tnyieZffbr what I'g done/ Every tnLitdk& I've/ m£tde> Lyv the/ pa^C for whzxt^ver reason/thoX" I heed/ It/y changed/ me* ilowly Tcrth^periOrvZ'g becotm/t&day I've/ watched^ hiAtv walh cuvay Let my heart rebtUld/ Ctielf aU/ over More/tha/H/onc€/ lecu/" cv You/ ccLvvt cover up It/y ine^ptxUZn^ btzch T(T the/ one/1 ihotdd/ be- letttn^ M Tve^ beerv Wbihlw^, wcmtu^ Tto- cov^ up Homj tnuchIW beerv wcmtun^- hitvi/ bt^ch Today1y day That Maybe^ tnaybe^ I CO4V wcdh away Av\d/^i^e/th&aYi&thGCClove^ tn& ^Everyt^uA%^ h& de^erve^ Atbofme^ ~A ruTrvyinou^ �Thank You 〜By Angela Smith- People say a traumatic event will either ruin a person or make that person sti ongei. My traumatic experience probably would've ruined me if it had not been for the Upward Bound staff and my roommate. You can always tell when you are wanted by the way people treat you. At home, I never felt wanted, I never felt loved. When I arrived at Evans Hall on Sunday, June 24,1 was so happy I was finally away from home. Then while packing to go home Thursday night it hit me and it hit me hard. I completely lost it, well my roommate called Jayme because I couldn't stop crying. After a few minutes, I broke down and told Jayme why I was deathly afraid to go home the following night. Jayme immediately comforted me and told me that I was going t0 be okay. At the moment I felt loved. I spent a good deal of the night with Jayme and RD Sarah telling them the horri fic events of my life. Then Mrs. Espada came and decided that there was no way I was going home the next night and I haven't been home since. I would like to thank all of the Upward Bound Staff for all the support and love they have given over the past weeks. I know that no matter what happens they will always be there for me. I would also like to thank my amazing roommate and my suitemates for being there when I needed them the most. ���How We Waste Time in Team Meeting Introductions are detailed Conclusions are not detailed When the time is declared over We all never forget the good times we had Down by the shore at night I stare in the sky. !-. %七二衣 ________ Sorrowfiil Storm I push Put up a wall You break it down You want words I've got them, won't tell You push the words from my lips You wanted words now listen. Your eyes grow gray to match mine The world is empty No souls exist Only bodies, empty bodies Empty emotions standing cold. I find you in a rain cloud. There is no happy ending to This storm, no rainbow, no puddles. Only streams of the lost and forgotten. That's where we lie. In the stream of lost hope and non believers. I grab your hand to get lost forever But you pull me out. You are my survivor. Your voice is like rain. Every drop fills my head as if it were a puddle. Only to come crashing down like lightening leaving echoes of thunder. ���Robert Dogal Ms. Krushnowski Communications 101 Period 2 Personal Speech 23 July 2007 .• 、 urv i)ur parents or liiuiul%, bin lor Most of c. the people that change our Ii" c culled her Meme; anil she will me that was not so. I ler name was Rita, but ^veryonc ''\c any one could hu\c family and I. She \sas the bt-sl rclaiis always mean so much lo my 1 . asked for. I often thought of her as a grandniolhcr l igurt- because we were lhal close, much to offer this world, who could onl> Meme was an all around amazing person, v.;：h 二*' be slopped by death. .. Meme was my Uncle's mother who li'ed in Connecticui Ken >car uc would gouptomyuurtuJunde's lake house and si»iuhem durinu 血 When and even 1 was younger my uncle taught my brother and I how to kayak, row a rowboal. nns 盘、 how steer. At first, 1! was very good al this at all. hui I s IIV„ to vu control and M1,J of. 二二二 -.is nol r.二-二二 ............ remembered Meme watching us from the dock and telling us lhat we could do it. ! didn I really think she was serious al the time, but as the years went h> I realized how much she thought of and believed in me. We would nol only see Meme at my uncle's house, but a must stop fbr my family every lime we were there was also her house. I loved goiiu' o'er to her house with the family, especially fbr dinner when \\c would gel lo cat her homemade lasagna. This lasagna was the best you could ever cat, I also rcrnunibcrcd making her day by telling her how great il tasted. Aller dinner would all sit down .mJ play cards. Her favorite game to play was called Sevens. I never really understood uh} il was her favorite game until she passed away, then I realized uhy. and the ansucr uas simple, because she never lost. After she passed away, this game uas really sad to pla), but it brought back al) the great memories we had while playing it when she was alive. I remember always trying to cheat just so I could win one game, but she would always catch me and I would end up losing. Even though she was amazing al playing cards and cooking lasagna, their were definitely more things that she did well in her life. lik. When uc would visit her, il was much more than a vacation for me because it was always the best lime of my life. Although & gshe ?was Vas like l,ke aa grandma gmdma io lo me. me. there there were plenty more people to 呈色*「¥炊修空."性”N!eme would 3k to anyone.e^na cumplue 捋:ngcr. The most amazing part about her was, ihai it did not n、，u ,；rt„ . u,ai n U|U not matter the amount of time 怦 you spent talking wi h her, because ,'ou you would would always always leave leave fcelinu feeling better belter than than before; and most of the time you would leam somethin., n .»• r b . bit of talking changed their lives. She was W f Some pcop,c-that ,lttk when you were sad, help you out when you ne P^son ihai could cheer you UP attention every lime you spoke with her' Every W°U，d fiive 卜成 unWd" lasting impression ofwhatihe right thine is tide U her >'ou uere ,eh w,lh a conversations we had all along the wav Th、 Even to this day 1 still reflect on the we went through together shows me iGst 安 shared lhe lhin^s lhat person lam today. J ' Bkme had such a major impact on the That day. August 15,2004 is still nr horror which happened. It was early in the 皿；?川 in my head, as 1 trv to forgcl the thls ,ook °f terror displayed on my mother 、黑性 -ionmy mothers face. Xand ssheI remember waking up to find lace. As she nodded forme to^o awav. 1 耽蜡也凹m严a；品h篇需黯戏螳.心叩。f。弩啪 knev. ii 5 . not hut I v.ituld c)nl> Inid out minutes later just how horrible it \va . \、 Jic hiin^ up ih'j phon • ,.'.ith tc.it . ni Ii jr she fell lo the floor and began to cry I • ,ii -J in Im I ■-：' . ! J .i. I wciil on over lo calm hei down \ • I Ir.iciicd h> lhe .tor> h<> a it v.cui won；', I recalled in my head whal possibly could li.i',r |u：cri don , A ； I Arcv, i?> < </(： lu .rni I kn."A it iHils right lor her lo slip ;i\\」、■mil jh> oitlo n heller hie r .. . t .1： "II''. Iii.il.c-. il I h'111. Ill >t h'1 U > II' • .!ii :: he rememtiered. ；，l I - ii! ‘ • ， ! '-11 Iilmhl Ii.ie li.mrcd II)\ H. h i ■ h>i inv ，• . \\r h i\c I ll-iK-.l will ��Kim I Joiij'hiun Kim Doughton 心心加 螺弋烟部炳："芯我忠漕、山 g撮膘*燃y 5、'。"心物“ 岫5孺膘噩腮撷忠嚣, 聊需％，7件" 皿的know崂或咋""、、《血蜡^巴梏精部::，湍 ever think about how people will read whcn >ou crossed my mind. I wasn't worried about death. I 7uuia«.w ...o_____ . or so I thought. On November 10,2006 while delivering pizza. .If 1 could some how ，二,二 v： whal ”：二：1I wasfcgoing to do the following drove on thinking about —-e----, -d.” - ， .. ,, convince my wife to hold off on fixing the bathroom floor, so N lhat 哭 could g» out t<» lhe 〜 my thoughts ;_c\ as ■-it grew camper. Then the pain inlruppcted 目 unbearable. I decided lhal il the find thought that crossed my mind. was not just something that was going 卜：..° to ： pass, ； **"〜 safety* of others on the road. I swerved into an empty ubecause …5 : .：.：.p, was the t-------I was 」driving. ___a gully, 二， so that ''1 would '* not■ *hann anyone else. parking lot and_______ forced my _ car ;into an\ ' After I knew that everyone was safe, I thought of my family, until a stranger came running to lhe car in hopes I was alright. But, the truth was I wasn't； these moments ,,—:三be … 土二 …'*the paramedics , '■ s came, I was gone. I1 saw blurry would my :―二 last. By the time bl urn figure ligurc . I ami I y calling my name, voices in my head, and moments later I was in a room with my knnil% including, my wife, my daughters, Cora, Sara, and Kim, and my Son, Josh. As I watched the doctor enter the room, I was crushed to see my family's reaciion to my death. Everyone was speechless. I wanted so badly to tell them that I was not in pain lor very long. That I was ok, and eventually they were going be too. ITiough it may sccrn like a bad dream, it is rcalily, and 1 am not coming back. You know how people say your whole life flashes in front of you the second before you die, or when you are near death? I did not experience that until 1 saw my children and my wife grieving over me. Then. I looked back on every birthday. c\cr) school play I fell asleep at. ever)' Christmas, Easter, all of it popped into my head. I lived everyday to the fullest; every time I saw a need that I was able to fill. 1 filkd it. 1 looked back on the countless number of family dinners, holiday dinners, binhdav panics, and special occasions that got inlemipted by my fire tones. I lived to be a GrJman. and that I was. My family was present for every parade, whether my company uas there or not. I loved it and I fell the fire company to be my second family. ' I then thought about all the children that 1meL 1 ' of which 1 taught “see my most pinkie when •you you and II never never iaiivJ failed iv t； "steal their T m>'thumb ； - ,see this 一J -------better —**>•, run" ami 藉e.:.1I made sure evep'onefelt cverj one felt welcome at my house, and most did did. Though I always sacnficcd whatl wanted for what other people wanted I I was all the morc 了*叫 rar：ly ever got upset because I found no no need all II would ；« need in in if it; all have to do of the time it werk/d worked. Ii cc、， .. is give the look and most ot , J . anyone's eyes. I just did what I felt was right I love/to h；；/'"「ys半 as big hero in The morning after I passed awav.mv hoM*膘紧「I ¥ ' I lie da) fH nr, vk-v.iii；.' came and my kiniily Bled into the church. I hey all .till looked .«> b，..iu. -1 Im I .山：槌)suddenly, but my will and my eldest daughter helped my iitlicf thiMrim ，l.!/ .-.il.- tdlmrihcm that they will get through this, il will .ill l>c '.t dillcrenl kind «•!心 dau-.'hicr uking them all under her wing; she was so ,11..：! ■ ：" ： I : . ! 1 • Uli .Hid I W.llvlivil ill .llllJ/CIDCIll i111 ■ ； ' ' ' ' I !■ 'il,- 111.il liullilulh I li.ul l<>rf<it(cn ahiut. hu» I m .. dun纣Ek” ht. I hud tlxiupht nothing about H I ju>( did vvhal I could, and I don't think lh;jl I a：f> 4 h\rr«» h>r .my of il. I hcn, ahoul ；in hour inf” lhe ,<ii-vanr, I i.-. tl：v mo .t ;uihi/ii)(', lhin(t ever in (he ha .ement of lhe church. I hm! Vj ot m> I d； Hfvni.in ratlicrinr U> p,i» upslaif. I h.ul ^•unc hi mj：r. in 3*);•: ■ ••:，：“，，‘，： -if/:>； hi and never once hail I >ccn ") liruincn p.ilh^rci! !o： jfher. I . honnrei t，I m th ：! ill ill ： / people truly c.ucd abotil f.jrnii,- : r. ：' !/ ：: l »)r lhe tuniiiindcr ol the me. I knev. ihut ihi^ .ik<> h： tii : ................ ! . ： . . ' ' " ili -in .li ii'-i'lcd m>l I" < i '• \ iewing I tell like I wa. j '.uccc.. in life, became I dtd touch many hvm • 'I: I•- I '.'.UH linl dll III'- 1 • 1 ：' - I ill .ll'ulil III，- llll'lit . | :..：'： :, . ! - . .・.，• '•,■•I -，l I II-' l.lihh-l Ini' I. . Hit' "H|- ： ' • ■ nJ .! iihIiiii- III Il'Hll <'l '.. ■ . ；,■'. ' •- .IIIlliul.llK ：： .1 r_- .cue truck pulled up outride the church. M> hre c、•mpr.) ：.hul down Io honor me. I .•,"!，：，, . . i'f.il ill I 'il<l W • ' . uhai I thought uxi right. I i .!：.■< !/.-2 ... ' li. i! in；. I.iimly '.7；i . i'oiii：' ! til” Io lolloW. I knev. I did not have to worn, about m> !amil> ;r. I did '.ince lhe moment I pa.>cd awaj. I would no lonjcr ha%c to v.alk unh them .tcp by(4cp Io make sure they were Liken care of Ihoui'h, c•.cr> n>)'A tl'.jn 1 !”<,；、由in a! !hcni, I kuov/ v/illi all lhe support the) received that c5>eniualh they vail he(，；. I hough they v/ill rrii：/» me, I know they will survive, they uill kam to breath 呻in, no! bcsirc they have to, but because my friends and family familj had one great home nuing for all lo remember me by. I hey have great memories of me as I do of them, they v.jll smile every time they hear "see my pinky sec my thumb, uhen \ou see this you better run '. Remember and savor the "good Hmc:;." I am in a better place now. where I could sleep as much as I want, 1 can v/atch f()otball games over and over, and I will always be here matching over you. Sec you in your dreams. f*盘概K"猥* 皤临部瞟您麟牌"书碧 X潘嚣焉5 临严如e.Thggg戒爵。常踹惴粟曜忠 -2- -1- ' ' • ' HU'. I . ' • ' . ,■ ■ - • •••'"ihl li i\ r In I1" fi.- !：」.”：H b'»ur • hum llicru my bully " i '•,.uh nr. I.mill'., l<« ihrou^h, I deb.Hcd ”n n&hmg or 』： I”：."，.. ��wide I;, ni.i..»p in the l-il'/ 1980s • population: 226,546,000 • Nalional Debt: (1986) $2.000.000.000.00() Average Salary: $ 15,757 Life Expectancy: (Male) 69.9 Life Expectancy: (Female) 77.6 Minimum wage: S3.10 Price of gasoline: SI.39 (lowest) President: Ronald Reagan • • • • • • l-l|||ull- plirir -IH' II • | n\iri'inncnlal ndlccfh inlensilicd : ' I：： • • H ：l • in Anicfii.in tc I.hh.iiiI . • • began. lhe bulleliu l gained popularil> a Compacl dhuualkmans, VI IS \ idetkassctie recorders, and cassette plaxcrs became popular • Inleres! in space exploration declined as the space shuttle 1 precedence. • • I. Vovager 1 and 2 passed Salurn in 1980-1981. • Hie accident al lhe C hcrnnbj I nuclear rcaclor in lhe I 'SSR occurred in !98(> (it became the world's worst nuclear accident). A' r ihl: . .T." J Hi p- >j-j! irif ,• ' ! , ・ Rainbow Brite, Strawberry Shoncake, Care Bears, and My 理坐％ Kame huge tM、 of the 1980s. The Karate Kid and Teenage ^itam Xinja Tlirlics became a I he( <i\h\ Slu>\\ \fmmi I u e lib (II m/tr\ Slu>\\ l hvcr'i I ann!\ l h \ </■ rh-rnl un /A. \l<m and llic Miish i \()/ ih< 1 nivfi if \htr 7zi A 7hv Nc\i (/t'rt.'rnlHHl If： / '!!■■ w llh Ihivitl I ettermun i •• 11 . gamc'i and arcadcn began in ihc mid to kite with rapid growth in Mtleu gamc i icchnulo^y thn-u^houi {he d«cadcrv • • ■ 11 I I \ lslj)\ \ IDI <><. i' ll、 I lie first generation of computer graphics in arcade games produced the popular Space Invaders arcade game, followed by Pac-Man, Donkey Kon^, and Proper. Computcr technology began enler mainstream culture Kubik's Cube. Cabbage Patch Kids, ,,Baby on Board'* signs and [rivia Pursuit fads captured the interest of the American public. ! '.latHin. debuted ni !hv I mtcJ Mate - tn I"I POPl LAR ( l III R| • •. tonuU"!!. .us I - "i/h? .jllctn.iiive:. I miph，. ( af . I uv, Salt . ' Siji-m!'-' rrccri. and "Nn Ch<4c4tcrt>r phra .t»hvcommi? tornmnn buzzvHMdi lor moihficJ ； and • • • ' i >r '.iin,,l i. • .icm (KBSJ • l , < ■ betaine popular' rn»nt «c.»f ilsrns I， bcuatne common Ihv innisition between llic inJuslnal .mJ inG>miali(>nj| a;?c SOCIAL TRENDS The role of women in the workplace increased. • Child abuse gained public allention as serious incidents and were uncovered by media, causing great concern among parents and teachers. • Social welliire for handicapped children improved, and they were no longer ignored or forced into mental institutions. • No-fault divorce laws paved the way for increased divorce rales and divorce became widely acceptable in western countries. • National salcty campaigns raised awareness of seat belt usage to save lives in automobile accidents, helping to make the measure mandatory in most countries and U.S. states by 1990. • Child safety seats and bike helmet use became mandaiory. • Alcohol and drug education expanded, bringing about movements such as M.a.D D and D.A.R.E. , Drinking age became 21. .I!' I . ic\i\cd home rjinnv b\ e"\ bciiv. able lo pla> |.,.uncs appii>\ vd l«)the coinp.ins '.I：：.."， .•: I：.」.！：「，「. ' ! a Pair-Man fc\ cr cru/c early i； - • : ■ 1 1982 and 19XL Super Mari：> B： '： ',uccc..lul fr-incln..- .turtiiij in 1985 and its popularity continues loda>. In the I.ik,SH : to apply proper qualilj qualil) control to the software development for it. popular Video Computer Ssstem game console. The release of Nintendo's Famicom/NES console rectifieii the problem and p I \ r. I ir. Paul.i Abdul (iDirnvi.iri) .\f i)(' (inti .ic band) .Aer.i .rnith (niu Jc bnnd) Ji>urr^：> (rnu^ic bund) U->n J<> vi fn>u.ic ba fid) ('rue (rnu^ic hand) I'oi .<>n (nitr.ic band) I azy-f (rap linger) Garth Brook?} (musician) (jenct.i. (muf；ic band) (iun,» N' (miriic band) Tom Cruise (actor) Ozzy CJshournc (mu-.ician) Hulk I logan (U.S. wrusllcr) Michael J. f ox (actor) Michad Jackson (rnu »ician) Janet Jackson Cmusician) Madonna (musician) Slayer (mu：,ic band) Metallica (music band) Eddie Murphy factor) ��THE FORGOTTEN EMORIES The forgotten memories were stirred up from age；o Pi( long ago pictures. e ‘ remj Theu remind of times past: lind me c_ w The happy and sad. They bring back thoughts that are stored in mv my mind. TEAM MTV Friends CHRIS ROWLANDS Having Mark with us LiL Timmy Wc have so many fun times! We may forget what goes on in the classes, but we will never forget what goes on in the dorms & Team Meetings!! WE BECAME FRIENDS 霜亨鬻 fiends ^ing friends, Team MTV rocks! Our dance is awesome! ALL OF A SUDDEN Goo & Gurr! all of a .We laugheda, sudden. Developing* 席芸驭配'and cried. such a thought would i never die. When we went _ our separate _ — i 岭swore甘商 ways, Eventually, we there ；alwayj became5 distt:ant. Years later we met again, 件 Jnd by this become foes. time ', we had HEDY EVELAND ☆ A.x ☆ ☆ ☆ ☆ ☆ ☆ * ☆☆☆☆ ☆☆ ☆☆ ☆☆ ☆ ☆☆ ���I tal^e a deep dreatli 伸（.：y、 Say fourwrds andfetmy true tears. n&„ wu ■ mg g' wor^al al1 W can stiffremain (But since tlien no longer Have I yfearSyou speal^my name your (iatuf toucli mypaCm Xcanfyourtfiougfits lour feepest secrets tfiat you /i泌 I clcse my eyes as a tear 瓯低疝rn my血氏 imagine tlie u ordsyou 平吠 虽 words you say •TH? gamesyou playef •TH? options 血 t I \ e tried •J? utfmpt to /竺 ourjrkndsfiip alive _* in 点寸tfie aSoie I by cEance Ijust in 庇c 也' /ifurt F混抵 anfit 女 lev nmrrfy/t a diprrsstf 己H去 土三 is April Poplawski Mr. Peters Creative Writing M "0 World 函(h /Vp Hoe'" It was a cold November day. The clouds in the sky were darkening as noon rolled around. Aiden was curled up on a Winifred National Park bench using a newspaper as a blanket. He shivered as the little bit of sun faded behind a never ending row of dark clouds. Aiden was a little boy, ten years old to be exact. He was very skinny because he hadn't eaten a whole meal in a long time. His paper-thin shoes had holes at the top so his big toe was sticking out. His clothes were very dirty, smelly, and ripped. The last time he remembers having any family was five years ago. His mother took he and his three sisters to the Winifred National Park play area. She didn't pay any attention to him. She always forgot about him while they were there. If he fell, got cut or even bruised she wouldn't j way ■T 依£?二::. ：£s 三二二: '•-二三Z 二3空 H二 Ifi-elzCn: kiss it to make it better. Instead she would slap him for making a big deal out of it. Most of the lime she would leave without him but would eventually come back. That's not what happened five years ago on November 3,1995. -' EM? **：；二 J - -二圣-U，壬、心 &「W. -cisr … 义□■二上二 His mother tried to be sneaky about it but before she got into the van Aiden appeared at the door. She didn't want him anymore. When he climbed into the car his mother pushed him aside and slammed the door. Aiden looked at her with puffy eyes. She bent down and murmured into his ear, "You were a mistake; you should have never been bom.,, then jumped into the van. Aiden ran up to the door before she closed it and F二 said, "Mommy don't leave me here. Mommy I love you!,, tears were trickling down his small unwashed face. Instead of getting of the car to console her weeping child, she �pu^d him asSd 血林d 心。"den yhistimeshewasn’t coming he still loved her. He slowly got up from his resting place and began limping back back. He laid on the cold concrete pacing lot sobbing because he knew that the only towards his house. Would she still be there? Would she want him? He walked towards person he ever loved didn't love him back. the park and saw that his blood was still on the ground. He didn't care that the boys beat Today was November 2,2000: tears filled his eyes, as the thought about his mother. The sky grew darker. He knew it was going to slorm. He looked around the park with all the children running into lheir cars because cold, grey raindrops began to fall him. but he began sobbing because all he could think about was his mother. The tears came out heavy as he bent down and put his face between his knees. He missed her. Aidcn got up and started walking in the direction of his old house. He was from ihe sky al a slow steady pace. Aiden had nowhere to go. He sat on a bench with his walking in a dark forest. He knew the short cut that he took because his mother showed less curled up to his chest. He tried to shelter himself with his newspaper blanket, but his him from previous trips. The wet leaves from the tall compacted trees covered the little toes started to freeze and his whole body began to shiver. sun there was. The ground was muddy from the previous day's rain. There was a blanket A few feet from where he was sitting, he saw two boys. The boys were definitely not friendly looking. They started walking toward Aiden whispering something with their hands behind their backs. He panicked and the sadness took over. One boy grabbed him by the collar of his shirt and threw him onto the ground. The other one grabbed something from behind his back. He slowly revealed a wooden bat. Aiden seeing the bat raised above him, squeezed his eyes closed to help absorb the pain that he knew was coming. He took the beating, but the only thing he thought about was his mother smacking his for anything he did wrong. Tears began pouring down his bloody face. The boys were hitting him as ifhe were a punching bag. They didn't use the bat much, only one or two powerful swings behind his knees ifhe tried to get up. Suddenly he saw red and blue flashing lights. The two boys grabbed Aiden and the bat and ran. After running fiom the scene of the crime, they threw Aiden and the bat against a tee. When he arose he remembered that five mother left him to fend for himself. He wanted of fbg lining the cold, damp ground. Aiden was scared that the boys would come and find him again. He didn't want another beating. He quickly ran through the forest, slipping on the ground so often. As he was running his shoes fell off and his clothes tore. His feet began to bleed because he stepped on a Picker Bush. The only thing Aiden thought about was his mother. He saw his house in a break in the dense forest and he ran faster. He couldn't wait to see his mother. Maybe she would change her mind; maybe she wanted him as much as he wanted her. Aiden walked up to the house and paused. He stood there and looked at lhe attic; [hat used to be his room. He remembered when his mother would lock him in there for no good reason and not let him out until the next day. Aiidcn shook his head to get that memory out ofhis mind. He walked up the stairs and rang the door bell. A little boy answered it. Aiden smiled and said, "Hello, is my mom hcre?,, The little boy ran in fYight. A few seconds later a woman came to the door, it was Aiden's mother. She years ago on this dreary November 3rd his opened the door in awe. Her face was angry as she came out. Aiden just stood there t0、沃 her. After all she put him through, ��S 膈 lo Oic you Confused and Misunderstood By Katheryn Avila Nmg l扁I S 坦心 ifud JnG S An 心ng yo»i Rajijig 曲2 S fc<< L心拓时Q 3 S llial Kapjjin^. Wagging my tail, I stared at the glowy box. The two dogs ran around, but they were sounding like humans. I want to do that! It's been my dream ever since I was a pup to talk like humans. It's so frustrating when they don't understand me. I whine, but they feed me instead of tak­ ing me out to a tree! The male in the glowy box was cute. I didn't like the poodle with him, though ... What did she have that I didn*t? Most of her fur was off anyway. I hate showy dogs, with a passion. Not as much as I hate cat, though. My human suddenly did something with a black rectangle thingy in his hand and the animals in the glowy box changed. There were two dogs and a fluffy cat this time. They sounded like humans, too. But they weren't with any people. They were all getting along too. I tilted my head, un­ able to understand. How did they do it? They got along, AND fit in the giowy box. I can't do either Why are the animals in the glowy box so much cooler than me? Then my human did it again. The glowy box flashed and really col­ orful animals appeared. One of them looked like a strange cat. He was wearing one of those things that humans put on their heads. My human hates it when I play with them. This cat was talking too, but I liked it better than the others because the dogs didn't like them. This one made sense! Oh no, my human changed it again! What was with all the human sounding animals! These were cats and dogs that were in some kind of war. Oh look! The dog's beating them up. Awesome! No! The box went black Now all I see is me, with my tilted head. Con­ fused. I turn to my human with the puppy eyes, but she stands and leaves the room. She ignored me, so I follow, whining for her to make the glowy box light up again. t4All right! I'll take you outside.” No! No! NO! I want the glowy box! She takes my leash, and, against my will, drags me out the front doon The story of my life. to lack into youi (JnG S fo* Zay 3 Jaff into ifwm.. S £3* il mRc<i <|au Iwfe m3 lianS an3 liafe (Jn2 S (c<c Raving tfw cciaa^c lo S康la and lowncnl <jou 血2 S康il贰cn you tea^e an3 laxntciit S it ijau laiicK 任S' fiaTc Iq toncK. y°u- S £a* tc2uco^cti« tin^ Ko谚 Gcaut.』 you ate time 3 g. 州 如 9矗盘抑岫atWvOe alttactvJe yxju ma^ me jeef. S%& s 聂to 虹押 如S ^nltoUc必岬思3. S版 版 区冲州 tKe S 血限蜘炒。就瑚io fie ma 9 康 lUt S Manila 酩(Jouta ma*1'席呼 a&Oat 弊 ®utC. 0X041 i吁ntawt tiling 认： S 瓜 <pii! J 舟g: Siata Cau«f �★ What a Place Upward Bound What a place Calm, cool, collective Wild, wacky, surprising The summer hot The program cool The TCJs fun The teachers helpful The experience priceless The friends unbelievable The smiles amazing The memories irreplaceable *Hcr* What a beautiful face... What a beautiful smile... To see her laugh Is to make my heart race. When she cries my heart dies. Her touch so priceless... The memories she left behind Fill my mind with joy. To hold her is to hold the world In my arms. Bv: Kevin Pawlaski By: Michael Seashock * ★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★I * E ��A Battle for the Heart By: Shinigami fighting with myself she yells out "Hi" io me. and in my darkest of moods I yell back at her..."hello how was the prom last night?" It seems my anger has vanished! I wonder why I didn't freak out on her. Does she hold a power that can stop my anger when ever she speaks any My heart racing, sweat running down the side 成my cheek, my hands are all clammy, words try to leave mv mouth. But that's it... its over,as I think to myself as her outline fades pass myeyes. Well another day done, the girl of my drcams still doesn't know of my forever of those sweet words? If so then she is the one I have been looking to have that connection with. I thought to myself. So the day in New York went on and I became so close to her, so close that 1 can I see victory. All of my hard work and long wait will come to an end. love toward her. Everyday since five months ago I spoke with her about things that don't have It has been a month since the trip, and 1 have found out that she is interested in any relation to what my goal may be. But yet something inside me is telling me to leave her be, ,,Breaking Ben". It also happens that I was given two tickets to go see them in concert. When I and move on. But I will never move on, I will fight for her love even if I must shed my own found out my heart was filled with so much joy that had become happy for the entire weekend. blood to do just that. On Monday, I waited until ninth period to ask her to go with me... as friends of course. When 1 It's hard to actually recall the first time I have made full eye contact with her, but I still get the same feeling every time I look into her eyes. I feel my heart start to work for the first and asked her she was filled with joy of being asked, but her happiness soon turned into sadness. She wouldn't be able to come with me, my heart was hurting. I asked her why and to my surprise she every time since. My stomach gets all light as if there are butterflies flying within it. My mouth told me that her mother wouldn't let her leave to see them. So she wished me a good time, and binds words from leaving it and nervousness becomes my new mortal enemy! I guess she is the jokingly I said "It won't be the same without you." She laughed and said thanks. So as I was at one that leaves me breathless after every time I see her sweet adoring face. Why must one be the concert I was thinking of what I should do next with her? And then I had a great idea, I'll get fearful of something as this? As I talk with her, I wonder if any feelings come across her mind, her a T-shirt. With all my love, and money I bought her a nice shirt and was going to give it to any ihought of being seen with me every day. My thoughts get so jumbled up that I start thinking her lhe next time I saw her. Finally the day, the day I would give her it. and hopefully win the what if? What if she wll never have feelings fbr me? What if she will never sec me as I see her. love of an Angle. As the final hour came about I was nervous, that same nervousness 1 got when and what if it doesn't work... then what? What would Ido then? Will I still have a friendship saw her in lhe hallway five months ago. But this time. I had a reason for speaking to her, a wi【h her? And will it still be as strong as it was before this all begun? Well at least tomorrow 1 reason to state my love to her face to face. When I found her in the classroom, the same will have the full chance ofbeing with her fbr the whole day in New York City. Maybe that will classroom where I ponder of how the two of us would be together, 1 came up to her and told her be my day. how I felt about her noi being there that night. Then I handed her the shirt, the shin that should Finally, the day has come, lhe day that has bt)een most talked about between both of us, the NYC trip. What do I wear? “What should I take with me for the trip? What do I do!?”，as I yell to myself as I run nervously back and forth in my room. But what has me riled up the most was the most important thing, what Nvill I talk about with her r as we sit together for four hours? My head now in a complete spinning motion with ideas that I I start to second guess myself. Crap! I forgot what I was mainly going on t* ' trip ■ for? Well there go's that conversation, I say to this myself as I start leaving to meet the others tha,一 .八lat are on the trip. When I arrive at the meeting spot I started to get nervous again. But this time 1 didn't ..t get butterflies in my stomach, my heart wasn't racing, and I wasn't wet on my cheek or ands. This nervousness is quite different from before. I do not know? I say to myself. But this ousness is turning into anger; it is starting to become stronger and more hateful by every second. Why doj: thoughts of doing and saying to anyone that speaks to me in an odd wav? 】ave these dark ------ ------------°— it; it will be game over no more chances of h i *^o what if I 丘皿 服 freak out on her? That will be "g'gy kind-heaned-love for her. As I'm wow her heart, the shirt that will make the happiness between us stronger and closer. As she took the shirt I could see a sight in her eyes, something that wasn't there before. It seems that this look in her eyes wasn't too happy. And then it happened. The words that shattered every betting vessel in my body, the words that made me realize how crude the real-world was. These words that she stated were, T could only like you as a friend/' That was it...it was over lhe long and forever wailed battle was done. I have lost and no one has won. My hean broken with no one to help mend it back together. I felt like I was reliving a nightmare I once had. But as I continue to move through this hellish place called life I realize that she doesn't know me. She does not know the real me, the person that helps anyone that needs it; the person that has become kind hearted again! And with these words imprinted in my mind I know lean win, I know lean take lhe heart of my love.,... the love whose name will never be forgotten. With this name, the name hers I fight to say this name, I fight to love this name. Her name is, her name is...! �6/28/2007 Katheryn Avila Embarrassing Story sat on the floor in the middle of a pizzeria. My laughler ThEEe yearold was me. I sat on the 嘴嵩而询.I made them laugh with was just as loud. 1 couldn't beta them, so 1 me instead of at me. Everything started on a simple Itwas --------bvenining siaricu uu aday. 冲“叶 年chillv ... ， out, 5： with J a 'chance of snow. , Of course,> ifs iCs February. February. In In my my opinion, opinion, if ifss the the worst worst time time of of the the year. year. The The snow makes ..,hazard, , and，丫I was a 「 . _____ a — r dcr.rr. *?竺,1竺艾 mi CCI lOC walking target aiKinu aa health heaiih iiazaiu, anu i was a frequent— o--- 血斜? ,.：亍/[, 10the；dayin seventh grade. I didn't expect it to be eventful, but I m not psychic, so lhe anc_______ j------- 〜 future wasn^t really a big concern. .. The walk to school held some laughs. I saw some people slipping in the slush from the last snowfell. Then there was the ice-snow. Several others were stumbling or 2oine out )id it altogether. I was pretty safe, avoiding it myself. going out of of their their way way to to avoid 〜 〜The morning went by in a blur. Nothing exciting happened; it was just another ilar day. Fourth period rolls around and the snow stans falling. Not just falling, bul bennbarding the streets. It was a full blown blizzard. Everyone became ecstatic. The excitement in the room was palpable. Immediately, a snow fight was planned. Of course, I joined in on the fun. By lunch, there's enough snow to have a war. We went outside, despite the freezing weather. Within minutes, though, our faces were numb. Those of us who had eaten in the school weren't allowed back in until the end of the lunch hour. That was still thirty minutes away. The fight was over quickly, most of us too cold and wet to continue. We scattered, seeking refuge in a variety of stores and restaurants. Quickly, but carefully, I trekked through the snow and slush. My foot falls made strangely ominous noise, now that I look back on it. I didn't notice it then. Finally, I reached my destination: warm, cozy shelter of a pizzeria. Needless to say, I hurried inside. Big mistake on my part. In my rush to escape the biting cold and save myself from frostbite, I lost my balance and slipped the minute I stepped inside. The pizzeria was usually empty, but the cold caused over thirty pe叩le to crowd inside. They all stared at me for a solid two 芝?2竺1哓竺? V* outhughing. What could Ido, but laugh with them? I could just picture myself, sprawled on the red tiles. My backside was soaked now, too. At that moment, all I could think was:^breathe,•laugh, —* • breathe, — • and laugh." So I did. That only made it funnier. I laughed harder. ' So there I was, cold,： v~* 一 J et, and embarrassed. All I could do was laugh. There isn't hnnt It a,am . J . much point to being bitter about it, nr c___ e’en angry al people for laughing. Heck, I'd laugh at someone who fell, too. Who wouldn't? w °--------，----- Confession Attention, attention I have a confession! It is about a person who has stolen my heart. You say you're not mean, but you hurt my heart. You say you have no fears, but you fear to speak your mind. You say you are loved but when look into your eyes I can see the loneliness in your heart. So you'll ask you why I care so much, I will tell you: When you're mean, I'm mean What you may fear, ril fear And when you're down and alone... I will never leave your side. By: Kevin Pawlaski �The Beginning of the future By: Lil* Timmy I Told 如 u So -■ *,rr'2rorn, It has done a few In the Past th*昏k; s?爵籍嚣哭黑ar 膘苦* g皤蹄嚣: didn't'believe that this program would do By: Katheryn Avila life at least for now. At first I However in the '赢福赢k i io；；d a reason to slay嬴 & 煦ng found a reason process c /回/"ess and se” To stay 响哼响炽螺器^器露氟 I------------.My诡如吧嚣普津滞嵩爵奇慕漩i赢chil闻around my home魅 destructive. I had S^ofmydrtng spent most of my time playing 一-------nothing but必 causing trouble and- argumg With cops, had However, I run spent ya andavear year that very well could have lead me to jail before I found out about the 嵩闵 had^n off probation barely a few months when a guy ca came toourschoo； tota!k — r_ u—a few nionths when a guy 1 had been off probation for barely P ram Ai iiiai'ii «« ajoUo I had my about the program. At first, it was a joke to to ^3 me because- I- didn't care about my .future .. and H tumind set on doing whatever came my way. After Atter I had been accepted I began to aUendthe --- was an even …bigger surprise acnariaiiy especially tn to thew those who knew me at classes for the program which the time and knew what type of person I was. .. So the regular school year ended and summer began. The summer program was right around the comer and I v/as still my old self doing nothing for my future and only thinking about having fun nov/. I hadn't really even talked about the summer program since the fall semester of o»Upward ' in^a____:一 ， 1：-1 was im Bound had ended. So when I reminded about it I didn't even have_to think. My------reaction r~-±~2 my in a room and not going; I quit the program. I had no intentions of spending my summer s- dorm — R 二〜 me to give it a going to classes. However my dad talked to me about it a few times time- and convinced ------二二 chance. So now it was the week before the program was to begin and I still had no intentions of staying I was going to go a week just so my dad couldn't say I didn't at least give it a chance. So I got a few things around a couple of notebooks and the dusty binder from the fall semester out of my closet and packed cloths to go. Now it was time to leave my house and go for the first day of the program. I got there and it was just whatever to me, I didn't even care because I had the mind-set from the second I walkea in that I would be quitting at the end of the week. So when I v/ent up to my dorm room I started to unpack a fev/ things, only v/hat I would need for the week. Then my roommate walked in and I didn't even think to say hi or anything because I didn't plan on getting to know him very well since I wanted to leave. So the night came and v/ent and now it was Monday morning and time for the first day of the program. I went to classes and thought nothing of it I went threw the first two or three days like this. Than me and a person to be un-named started talking a little bit more. By the end of the week, I was still convinced that when I went home I wasn't going to come back but she convinced me to come back for her so I did. ~ " The second week began just like the first with the exception of me having a small reason to be here new now. Sc So thP the days want v/ent hy by ..ntn until 丁削立我知 Thursday and me and her began to get a little closer I guess hE you could sS"" Q- 1*浮 1------- like -「her - and apparenUy she began to like me also. So the one day ：y £° an*to ust sitting like normal v/hen she mentioned snmpthinn tn ma hm <r larpr i?. After me and her began dating. I found that that to v/ant to stay for the entire summer program All in all, I amtbewi'yt-•瞻% —七• —燃流斜您 「二.一 c”ed to stay in the program. I say that because if I ----------- 1fJiwyiain. I ooy n iai lid jouoj hadn't I v/ouldn't be v/ith the girl forVne. . ..愕reason I am h叩py | stayed in the program is now I am actually beginning to care a litt tie nit __.... 'in e bit about my future and what I am doing to help or hurt it. I have become a more social person; I wasn't 3 ver Poken person before but now I am veryX outs outspoken less shy around people I don't c1—'* reallv -- ■■-' Hped change for the bX '吧赫 that in the short time I have been here it has helped change me m^fo7the b^tte；；11 iiealpee c 1 -n also made me realize that I am not as useless ae as II havp have been told by my______ peers. No one believed me, but I knew it! It all started a few years ago. A new movie came out on how robots arc going to take over the world. Everyone brushed it off as fiction, but I knew better. I made up a plan on how to escape the robots based on the movie. My parents thought I was insane. I stopped using the computers, I never touched the internet. My friends said I lived under a rock. What did they know? I ignored them. So time went by, no one believed me, and no one cared. They called me lunutic, insane, crazy. Just think of anything along those lines, and I have been called it at least once. But I'm here now, aren't I? I know exactly what Pm doing, I'm not scared, and I am in control. When the robots rebelled a year ago, no one could believe it. They went insane, de­ stroying buildings, hurting people. They began to act on their own, ignoring commands. The cops didn't know what to do. I, of course, didn't panic. I had everything figured out years before. I organized everyone into a strong counterattack. We fought them long enough to find a good hiding spot. From then on, I let the politicians and cops handle it, but I was still in charge. They came to me for advice on a strategy, or something along those lines. I was no longer the lunatic, nor did I belong in an insane asylum. Nope. Now they addressed me as one would address a military commander. I was the boss. Nothing happened if I didn't know about it. Of course, they all felt horrible for the names they called me. They all came beg­ ging to be forgiven. It's amusing, actually. We beat the robots a long time ago, and now Fm the first female president of the United States. I think it*s hilarious. One day, they*re calling you insane, the next, they make you leader of their coun­ try! Talk about indecisive. But, in the end, I win out. Told you so.... �How I Met Her By: April Poplawski You Know Who You Are S 2i^a t Kant la at ^via)C. 小ill no*? S m. aa g^q^, {jzju 3a, S cattfe Joi jjau exurve ^jau Ka/Je no iSea KqaO nuic^. S an^ Jcuvt, it to £a^t. '”3 锐°'"徐 S 筋4|OU in. it, ?oe Kan2 Kofein^, mine la a °10扁1 3 lo/^Xz into Jit. e^ea, S时血肚地iKat S冲coat矗. clzc tRe ori€, < S Jen. one 3 __ yrn la a3m& ， 件"啊 oAoottng doA,. Ok, this is the story of how I met the girl of my dreams. It was just another day in high school and I was sitting in class when they said something about an program called up ward bound. They said if wc were interested to leave class and go to the one room ibr a meeting. Me being me of course left the class and went fbr lhe sole reason of getting out of class. I went there I even told the guy there to teli us about it that I was only there to get out of class and that I wasn't really serious about being interested. They still gave me all the papers fbr the program and sluff anyways so I look them with me. I read them over just to see what it actually was seeing how I didn't pay attention during the presentation of the program. After I had read over the information I decided whai the heck I'll talk with my dad bout it and see what he thinks. So 1 talked to my dad about it and decided to give it a shot. I came filled out all the information and papers required and didn't think nothing more of it. I figured that it was just a day I had wasted due to never having guessed they would have chose me to join the program. A little while later I found out I had been accepted as part of the program and began to attend lhe classes al the program. I met *hcr* at the program. We sat next to each other in the room we all met in every week so we began to talk from time to time. After a little while we began to become friends which help me to open up around her more. I began to feel more comibrtable around her and started to be myself more. Being myself more allowed me to joke around a lot more seeing how I love to joke around. So we would talk from time to time and I didn't really think much of it. Than the program ended fbr lhe time and I didn't have a chance to talk to or see her fbr awhile. In the time that I was not able to see her I did what I did and didn't think twice about anything. The summer program had a meeting before it started to tell you a little bit about it. I ended up missing that meeting but I didn't think anjlhing of it. Butthan it came around that time for " the beginning of the summer program and I had a talk with my dad and decided to go. When I got here I hadn't really thought much good would come out of being here. I would talk io her at first like nothing but than I began to feel a little bit more fbr her than I normally felt towards a friend. We began to joke around a lot hold hands and stuff like that. After that she had told me that she made a wish and that I could make it come true. After awhile of me thinking due to alack of common sense I finally figured out what she met by that and we began to date. That is the story of how me and her became us. By: Mike Seashock 等零■零零警警殴♦零，零零♦♦警♦.零等等零零零等穆等 �BWING YOUR Wff TO HEALTH* MOM BE MflOilERlo As a decade ofbig hair, rock and roll, and tight pants was coming to a close a new generation was about to be I>om. These were the children of the 9O's・ As with any other time period this decade had moments in time that would linger in everyone's mind to come. Whether it be boy band fever, buying a Furby for tbe first time, or tragedies that were to come. [1 F*ul your n(,!»l yi i cta. paJm dou*n. Pvt your let: arm out, pdm clown. Pw yjxw left fund " ypor n hxndioa ，心 kft hip I Put yourr ri&hl h&sd , ri^hf bul­ lock J*ui jwr kft hand on >8f kh bwKock. TOE Sway yoor io 囹 phcc for few besu- Put)uur left hand behlad your heud yew righl * Ihhad bcWklywTht bud (^> Mop o quarur-turo to the ri(h sod tun over. �In that Year FH ■ v\ • Baby names: Michael & Ashley • World Population: 5.263,593,000 • Baby names: Michael & Ashley • President: George Bush Sr. • President: George Bush Sr. • World Population: 5,359,000,000 • Movies: Home Alone, The Hunt for Red October, and Pretty Woman. • Movies: Silence of the Lambs, Thelma and Louise, and Beauty and the Beast. • Television: Full House, NFL Monday Night Football, Fresh Prince of Bel Air • Television: Cheers. Roseanne, and Home Improvement. • Baby Names: Jacob & Emily • Baby Names: Michael & Jessica • World Population: 5,441,000,000 • World Population: 5,522,000,000 • President: George Bush Sr. • President: The newly elected William J. Clinton. • Movies: Aladdin, Sister Act, and The Body Guard. • Movies: Jurassic Park, Mrs. Doubt­ fire, & Sleepless in Seattle. • Television: Hangin' with Mr. Coo­ per, Murphy Brown, & 60 minutes. • Television: Frasier, Coach, & Murder She Wrote. • Baby Names: Michael and Jessica • World Population: 5,602,000,000 • President: William J. Clinton • Movies: Forest Gump, Pulp Fiction, and The Shawshank Redemption. • Television: Friends, Roseanne, and N.Y.P.D Blue. In that Yea旷 " * Baby Names: Michael and Jessica , World Population: 5,682,000,000 * President: William J. Clinton . Movies: Babe, Braveheart, and The Usual Suspects. * Television: The Drew Carey Sh。、、'， Tv, and Sliders. F Q/ o Baby names: Michael and Jessica • World Population: 5,760,000,000 o President: William J. Clinton 。Movies: Fargo, Jerry Maguire, The People vs. Larry Flint. ° Television: Sabrina the Teenage Witch, Everybody Loves Ray­ mond, and The Daily Show. o Baby names: Michael and Emily ° World Population： 5,918,000,000 ° Baby names: Michael and Emily ° World Population: 5,840,000,000 。President: William J. Clinton • Movies: .Titanic, Good Will Hunting, and The Full Monty. • Television: Buffy the Vampire Slayer, and South Park, 1 0 Baby names: Jacob and Emily ® World Population： 5.996,000,000 。President: William J. Clinton ® President: William J. Clinton o Movies: Shakespeare in Love, There's Something About Mary, and American History X. 。Television: Sex and the City, That 70's Show, and Whose Line is it Anyway. 0 Movies: The Blair Witch Project, The Sixth Sense, and American Beauty. ® Television: Family Guy, The West Wing, and The Sopranos. ��animals for five minutes right? Well turns done her research. Others went out she should have before her and did great! Eventually her turn was up. She began listing all of the common animals that call our state home. Then she got to what would establish a turning part in her speech. She had written an entire lhe class raised their hands. So our teacher in the nicest way he could without sounding to rude kindly said " Are you sure about lhal?'' Shu said yes. The class erupted into laughter I was so embarrassed for her I could only imagine how she fell. She wasn't going down w ithout a light though we paragraph about all the different types of squirrels that live in argued back and fbiirth for the rest of the period each of us denying Pennsylvania. It was going well until she got to the last sentence that we were wrong. Even though I knew I was right I told her we and said these words; ''Now not many people know this but would settle this once and for all. We had science class next period chipmunks are actually baby squirrels”. My mouth dropped I could and who better io ask lhen a science teacher about animals? She not believe what I had just heard come out of her mouth. Keep in insisted that she do it. We got to science and in front of the class mind that this occurred in 8lh grade!! I turned back to see the she asked the question. This teacher had the same look as the other. reaction that this statement had on our teacher. The look on his face could only be subscribed in one word bewildered. However, he let her finish her speech. The few remaining moments in her speech seemed to last forever. She had no idea that what she had just said was actually a false statement. She wholeheartedly believed that chipmunks were baby squirrels. Our teacher opened up for discussion and no one in And he in the rudest way he could tell her that she was wrong. She told him that her mom had told her this little fun fact. Even now, ihree years later we still bring this up whenever a situation needs a little humor in it. Never let your friends live something like that down and always, always do youi research even if you think you don't need to. There is no such thing as being too safe. �������������1 can't believe they made us separate, ；hat were they thinking? They said it was good fbr us? Where were the rest of for the good flhe project, but what about whatwas 、 them going and when would they come back for me? Those were just a few of the questions I forgot lo ask. racing around my head as Jackie, Kevin, and Chrissy walked up the creeking basement steps. I didn't think the wine cellar was a bad place to stay. Il had My heart and an instant suffocation feeling blew across me from the breeze of the door shutting. The insiam I sal down on the loilct I knew this wouldn't be a learning experience: this was going to haunl me ibr the rest of my life. Then the fascinated me since our first night in the house. But tonight it was just a dimly lit, cold, footsteps started 1 went to open the door remember telling him to lock it or him scary, empty room. Although il felt empty ii indeed wasn't heard footsteps, boules clinking together, and the words that set me off "get out now! Or else..." it was a grim warning and I ran to the door before il became more than that. Oddly the solid wood door was without handle and locked. Hiding in the small hole was the only option. More thought raced inside my head. "What did we do to deserve this? telling me he was going io lock it. I sat on the floor I felt dizzy I didn't want to fall off of the toilet to the floor if I was to pass out. I sei my head against the wall. 1 closed my eyes only lo see the little girl in my head. She yelled at me right in my lace demanding me to leave this minute, if not I would be trapped forever. I opened my eyes and shook my head, I was going insane. I set my gaze to the far All the warning signs we dismissed. wall, which seem io grow farther and fanher away by every beat my heart had It was foolish and dumb to agree to this project. made. I stood up lo run. into the expanded wall only to be cut short of my The old house, and all the stories we ignored. dcsiinaiion slamming right into the mirror. I had smashed the mirror and my We're next, the newest story of horror from the Kirby house was us." forehead, it was now gushing blood. The blood was running down my face and Those were my last thoughts before the voices started again. They said "my thoughts dripped to the floor. I didn't want lo see or touch it but I figured if it was bad were correct that I was next." The voices grew in number and sound, blaming me for enough 1 had to call someone. I took a little peak at it through the shattered them not being at peace, saying that it won't end, and if I knew whal was good fbr me I fragmcnls that still remained in the frame of the mirror. To the degree of whai I would leave anj-way possible. And that's what I did. I found the end to a broken wine saw I definitely needed stitches. I grabbed my cell phone from my bag and I had bottle. My last words: "You drove me to do this, and I pray that my friends are still alive no service. I opened thinking maybe it had just frozen and then it completely shut and sane..." off and I couldn't turn it back on. I was quick to my feet to pound on the door. The liule girl's voice rang out over the sound of fist on wooden door. "They can't hear Amy Zdipko you and even if they can they can't help you their dead." I couldn't take this anymore I shouted to her to shut her mouth. She was wrong and a mere fragment of my imagination. "Leave me alone, I m leaving in a few hours. JUST SHUT UP!" She didn't listen she went step by step as to how my friends died, adding extra emphasis on the gross and the gore. I turned the tub on and crawled in hoping it would drown out the sound of her voice. It didn’t work she yelled louder and louder until every high note of her voice felt as though it was it was splitting �—eardrum slowly just tarring away al it. I couldn't stand lhe pain my head was pounding and still bleeding and now I had high pitched noises causing more chaos ：n my head. I '.stoic my final good bye note. To whomever finds my body and/or my letter, please if the others are still alive who were here tell them I'm sorry I couldn't make it. and if the don't make it please whoever finds us: get out of this building it's not safe. Please let m、 family know I love them and always will. PI] be watching them from the sky. Some information so you're not too confused. My name is Jackie Bartlcson and 1 live in Shickshinny. 1 got the text saying that I needed to split with Amy, Jackie and Kevin. So 1 did as the text said to do. As they went to the rooms that they where going to, I went into the Kirby chill ‘ room. As - I went *in 'I felt ~' this LL big J." J come at me. Fhe door slammed behind me. I tried to open the door. It was locked. I tried to use my phone but it didn't work. After I calmed down a little, I put my sin fl on the table next to the fireplace. After that I opened the double doors and went in. Their where the two pictures ofthe Kirby's there. I went by the two pictures to look at them. It looked like they where following me. It was really creepy. I saw that their were two other doors. I went over and tried to open them but I couldn't open them. As I kept looking around I couldn't stop looking over to the pictures. When I noticed that something was different. The table that 1 put my stuff at was gone, but my stuff was on the floor. I went over to see what happened to the table. It was there when I came in but it wasn't there now. It was really freaking me out now. It was only what seemed a few minutes but I wanted to get out. But I couldn't because the doors and windows where locked. I had already tried to break the windows but I couldn't break them. I tied my phone again but it still didn't work. By the time it was night I didn't want to sleep. The pictures where still following me. Earlier before I heard them talking to each other. I couldn't understand who or what they where talking about. Then I heard them say my name Crissy. They wanted me to go come over. They kept on saying my name until I went over. I looked ai the pictures and it said "YOU ARE GOING TO DIE SOON1' in blood. I got really scared and ran into the comer, they started to laugh. That kept me up. I started hearing movement and talking, even though I am the only one here. It was about 10 o'clock at night when I started to become delusional. I started to see things that where not their before. It started io become really cold in the room, when it was really hot outside. It was about an hour and a half before midnight when the pictures came to life and told me to start a fire. I did as they told me. They told me how to start the fire. But before I did I wrote a letter telling what happened to me that I went crazy and died. As I close my eyes I know what is here The pictures eyes, Follow me near. W川 I ever become free? From this horrible place, As I lockout the window to the tree As I look in the window at the face �That is still there. Aner 1 wroie the lener fbr who ever finds it. The fire was bigger now. The \oicss kept on telling me to go into the fire and I did but not before finishing uie sior> of how I went crazy and died. Crissy Reed Even though I said I would stay behind, and wait for Amy, Crissy, or Jackie to return from our final hours apart to finish this dumb project. As much as I hate to emit to it, 1 still think we shouldn't have separated from one another even though we all were told to do so. It didn't feel right... it wasn't right to do that to three girls like that; I know something bad would come from this. With Amy down in the wine-cellar, Jackie being up in the second floor bath room and Crissy down in the Kirby room I found myself wondering to the top floor of the house. As I sat in one of the main rooms up stairs I seem to have fallen asleep, that may have been my second mistake of that night. As I woke from my sweet slumber fbr how long I really don't know, but when I did wake up I received three new text messages on my phone. They were from the girls but the messages all said the same thing, “You still have time to save them Kevin." As I sat there in the chair with confusion whether the messages were just a joke from the girls, or from someone from the out-sidc world. So in order to solve what confusion I had, I tried calling Jackie back to sec what was up. But my phone wasn't dialing out, and yet I have a signal. So after reading that message that started my confusion, I started to wonder if my friends are ok. I hope they are alright! As this thought was racing through my head I started down to the second floor bath room to see if Jackie was alright, but when I walked into the room, there was nothing but a note. As I read this that must be from Jackie I became concerned that something might have happened to her. Her note talked about a little girl, and a dream that she had a few nights ago. But why would Jackie write something so dark? She makes it sound that she's going to die. I pray that nothing had gone wrong, fbr that sake of me! Now with my head spinning with deep confusion I ran down to the first floor to the Kirby room, smashing the door keeping me from Crissy safety. But as the door flue into the Kirby room I came to find that Crissy wasn't in this room cither, but a note. This note was left by the fire place, which seems someone has used quite recent. With this note it seemed like the one I found in the bath room were Jackie should have been, and it spoke of the two pictures coming to life and telling her to jump in to the fire. But there was no body or any thing remains of Crissy, and this note was untouched by any flames. Oh God, what in the hell is going on in this house! Now with my whole body in a state of fright I sprinted down into the wine-cellar were Amy was hopping that she was alright, now I'm running at my top speed just to see if my friend and maybe my only friend left that I might be able to save! As I turn the comer to get to the wine-cellar I seemed to be having a strange feeling, a feeling of what I might find within the cellar. As I stopped in front oBhedoor, which hopefully keeping Amy safe and I got a sickly feeling as I lifted the hatch? It got^worse untiH opened the door, then my heart just stopped all together. Amy wasn t in there either, but yet again noic. But aa broken broken piece of one of the wine bottles bottles was left left on on the note. note. With With was another note. the terror of not knowing where all three of friends were, I picked up both the piece of the bottle anu and the note. Within of the notej found that nr °哼”吧 bvmc Hu- 12M-, >» l…the 一text ---------------c • h： j r self to stop her gilt that someone vi or something drove----------into her head. With all of my• mends _gone I ~m1 next, giii uitii aumcuiib …p-------. .■ » — J cknnL- I rpiiliTf* that I mitci a I'm the last for this house to take. My 一: mind in a state of shock, I realize that I must get out alive or find a place that this God for scion house won't find me! ��������1 1 辱神4虬y 碱即邮 RD Sarah : “Follow the advice they give you on the top of mayonnaise jars. Keep cool. Don't freeze. ARD Sandy: “Never give up on your dreams because only you determine your fiiture.” 1 TC Mark: “Tve learned that people will forget what you said, people will forget what you did, but people will never forget how you made them feel.55 (Maya Angelou) TC Ted: "Suck it up and do it" 1 11 TCJayme: "All we are saying ..… Is give peace a chance.”(John Lennon) TC Steve: "Never settle for less than your best/ TC Sarah: Never doubt yourself because nobody has the right to take away your confidence and abilities." 4kYour from Shickshinny " uMelf is the man" “Sprinklers ! RUN!" “My lip gloss is cool, my lip gloss is poppin" "Teddy Bear'， "No hospital visits yet!v 4tJayme Snorted" “Girr” “sleep, good" "Mark! Please!" "Speech is Due " “ Harry Potter” "Who died.. ..don't tell me im not there yet" “ Math..... gnr" “BA... BA....BA” “ Say Cheese" ����� Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Upward Bound Lit Journals, 1981-2016 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Provost's Office Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1981-2016 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource PDF Type The nature or genre of the resource Journal Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Upward Bound Lit Journals 2007 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Provost's Office Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2007 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource PDF Type The nature or genre of the resource Journal https://omeka.wilkes.edu/omeka/files/original/9856d670ad73e04913f48c086dbc854c.pdf d8d912f067b791823a2d05ad0148eb13 PDF Text Text E 1 i © © s ��(3© u®[3 RKIM A .spectflL you. F如ix■知 Mr. Kokvcorete Mr. special What is so £ r------ about this thing - they call gold? It is not the most expensive metal, nor is it the softest or hardest Yet dating back at least as far as the Ancient Egyptians, it has been sought after, cherished and used as a symbol of wealth, longevity and honor In both ornamentation and rituals. However, in examining the meaning behind the symbolism, in most instances, gold takes much arduous work and effort to attain if it is to have significance. During this summer of 2008, I have witnessed each of you taking steps toward reaching your gold reward. I observed your outstanding performance both individually and in teams. You set goals for yourselves and worked toward them with ambition and dedication. You took risks and had the courage to step outside of your comfort zones. You looked beyond your challenges and hardships to fight for something better. And that is the meaning behind being UPWARD BOUND. As you leave the doors of Evans Hall behind you, know that a dream is merely a goal that is waiting to be set and realized. Always reach one step further than you think you can, and if you fall, get back up and keep on trying. However, if you succeed, you are on^tep closer to your gold reward. So, my message to Mr. Strofeer Mr. Peters Ms. Krushktowsfel Mr. Hron-ttsukv Ms. Ptragus Ms. Petrostey Mr. shtktfeo Mrs. vlskusfei Mrs. qlektEj/v MS, Muclleuv Mrs. CwMe Sowers-Adler Mrs. Barrera Co。尻 Mrs. Espada- director StephfluvLe shflkvcirfl- guudwktcc coordtpvfltor Mr. Rrpfl- nwdemic coordlktator Mrs. Ostrukvc-砰(庇 «ssUt«kvt smki Domauv- R^side^vt Director s«utdy sUtrvcutte- asststakvt 心 ideuvt director rared tc stcve TC ehns TC Ashlyuvde TCKeth you is...... Be ~ 一Upward Bound. .Go for the Gold! Thank you for a wonderful summer. I only hope that I can inspire you half as much as you inspire me. Sincerely, Mrs. Espada Lit MQ0 staff Matt M«h«Lc?fe ciEsey Kktepp jesstcc? Lxi^za Martssc? Collukv. T>«vekvport Mnijor化 WhUpell Chloe Krts Z/Upteo Si叱皿ZirS Ms. Krushktows 戚 ��A Simple Thank You By Jill Suda Growing up in toda/s society It is hard to come across a good group of people Yet within 12 weeks I have come across over 100 fantastic people Who each individually are great. Talent and Bravery radiates from everyone's face The keys of success lie within all of our hands And the people helping us, guide us to the lock. Within 2 years emotions run high As friends grow close and bonds are formed. T/C's are there to help with any issue Whether it*s homework or home. The positive attitude shines through the entire group Making everyone smile and laugh. Making a summer of learning, a summer of fun. Thank You for helping me find my voice For helping me shine Thank You for helping me discover things I didn't know about myself. Thank You for being there for me. Thank You. �bear Upward Staff & Students, T would like to say Thank You, for giving me one of the greatest summers III ever have. You all truly helped make it USWEET!M I'll neve： forget the times we shared on campus. From dance parties on 十he 9汩s first floor, to just walking to class. T/C Beths good nights, and dancing on Wednesday's Wednesday's past past the the teacher teacher meetings, meetings. $5 Foot Long, and QuainM Til never forget. Team Canada I must jay I had a blast at team meetings. Playing Tab^o, frying not to^ jay I had a blast at team meetings. Playing Taboo, trying not to 匕.,V：旭 W，th 任勺浊十 wind blows”. Thanks everyone for ...................... . >iiuiirvs C.VCI yunc fOf the caring message, and wishes of getting better, when I was gone the week. There's so many more things I can write ,9 °ne for +he about, but rt would be to long. So just HUGE thanks goes out to everyone from me! Love, Marjorie(Marge) LCpwcu'd/ *8 otmd/ Stcvff] TXo/nk/yow q vwuch/ for mz^fcZn^ thLy xwomer O4na^mg< rib 心ver fbrg^tthe/day we^ moved/ Crv cuid/ St&pK at my door a/ p iZture/ o/ter I kad/bee4a/tHere//br le^thcuA/5 mZnixXe^ I wCLL never /br^tr dzwctng^ po^t the/ teocdker^ owMr. RCpa^GCrthday O/rul/i^诺fead/ofli>Uy0ap correctly x>~ tKe/ popery we/ held/ ^aZd/ (eHAPPY 3IHTHVAY, MR. KI?A" 6f*u"MR・ RIPA 15IKTHVAY HAPPY”. Nor wM/I /brgetplayu^ Vbtck/} Vbtck/j 武 Kirby Po* If I keptwrCtun^ GiZbofmy me^norCe^, I would/ ‘Ma/ out of peeper. I hove/ learned/ w- yvuax^v -fvcnvi/ aU/ ofyou/. I wM/ reme/m^ye^ yummer /br the/ re^tofmy life/. Love/# Lw凹彳 Aw^Ce/ �一 辅'血9'⑪。⑪ w)m] wawutt U(d soBeoiicfl §2 双 weeks wottDii tL'ffD^oirdi]旧①皿血⑪1? J「 ——― "七顼-二 Best Dressed L<_ise AKA-Ezoua Nicest Smile Laskowski Jake Sorber Lavesh Manglani Nicesi Eyes Aljssa Lord Best Hair Lilly Laskowski Angelo Blades SboriesT Yessica Robles Shawn McGrady TaDes! Ksren Rafalko Lavesh Manglani Shawn McGrady Most Tnlksthe Cabrina Jenkins Andy Garcia Quietest Kris Zupko Nate Coriano Most Athletic Anne Wallo Lavesh Manglani Most Anistir Kris Zupko Angelo Blades Best Personalit} A^e Wallo Jake Sorber Biggest Rirts Meier Jake Sorber Cutest Coupk Csji/.ti Nirka Jake Sorber Best Friends Aljxsa Lord Ruth Mantilla Ash'r,* Sheply Marissa Collum Friends Bet Friends Andy Garcia, La'.工h Manglani Class Clowns Tyler Bahlnwi ---------- - -- Teacher's Ptt JiU Suda 1 C s Pc t Anutla Srmth Moil Likt-Iy 丁。Succeed Anne V/al!o Mot! Ukely lo Be Srrn Their Cel! Phone ith Mgu I B Spirit Likt lv fo llttbme \ ( *. Jcn Davi«, C副火 Niriu & Jess Lenza "A lot of people said ifd 槌知叫泻质血8.由11世 uncertainly 'existed in filling out tlie applipatioh, but ； sometimes yoo just have to.close your .eyes-and ■jiimp."-Lindsey. Knepp "呕 8宛睨匏a &(2 找任山 flOt、5"淑* e^o/s, in. 匚 piluA 驼亦di^ 矿瓠e 盛或wo. dU lh^. 」 J °ft \wdhi,*"idjid ---- to 静q/" WaZfo . •: . . 「"」："，""一 “My feiend. md Iwed it, she tbld'we we 筝otit of wy shell? -伽的d 嗣漏.Jj" % - 归 the paper for me .to 氮 "My sister signed 泓，because* she thought it would.be good for me to go?, ^April.Chewey Dominic Malicari Andy Garcia Dominic Malicari "LAST YEAR WAS FUN, AND I WANTED TO . COME BACK." -DAVID DAVENPORT Andy Garcia & Dominic Malicari Angelo Blades Lavcfih Manglani J .， Oorninic Malicari Andy Garcia "31 felt tljat it tooulti be a great experience, anb that it Woultt not otilp Ijelp me prepare for coIIcqc but to better mps'elf"3Fake;S>orber �,， , 一 - •一 .. - _________ ； jum did、cu want K §?euM §眺刈物蚣对可血1 PMani Ecund? (ccntiiweaS) and vyant^d 金 h检d S'r^rt 丁o技 [*7 v^anfec? fo meef ne^s the ne*f ycar= -^Donlnic Malacsri ~h j冬 seemed lie ±e ri^ii ihing for me. Also at tlie time I wanted to gel k over wiih." -Brizna Le^is to come lo meel new p@o@H修。今碗 携©戒 the next year, end geA o /emple ©f h©m ©ollBe^e G佟@1/。°° “歹 mid A tJJ- CJZTHrUC. luC^lXL. ^UF*L Kcl/i. Uicth. 会 r^f fcg.c CJXL±JUT- — CA.*Z-£«£^XJf-C. cJ~f L1 t艾温 n 2涪::I i:l:削泯i vrith people! don't know and to help nw prepare fcr心技”-暗M心 I -wanteef to come Here (iere for six wee weefc 庵 to heCp fiefy) me start a goocfyatli towards coCkge." -Alyssa LorcC 二七…日 tc rsr-«• 1 r»rr*- tc r repute 血罗歹①皿 waurpfl;在© &⑪四皿⑪ 勰双 weeks w的血 HJiuwaiinii] tBonjimgi]1? ((c(p血貌trndneci) 3, M He wt u-sr,血 for college, lake 靠4v/ 时 Clt■裕rc. [:切 come Zw； fbr B wgkx bgu加力 Eh /i()7p mq Ar cc/fcrft. " —Jtt;； M。泠: “I wanted to be here for six weeks because Upward Bound is giving me a start for the eleventh grade before I even go. Also to get a feel how college is going to be liken -Cabrina Jenkins UIi joined jumcci Upward upwaia Bound nouna and ana decided aeciaea to spend my six weeks to get a better understanding of the college life. Also, I wanted to stay up to track with my school work and hone my skills. I have also made wonderful friends through my journey here at Upward Bound. Consequeiitly, I learned a lot from my teachers, mentors, and friends and grateful for having the chance to do so. Knowledge is power." -Matt Mahalak nI wanted to be here for six weeks because it was so much fun last year, and this year there's so many new fun people to make this year better. So I wanted to meet them and get +o know them better. Also school wise it helps me so much, I decided to take that help again." -Ma门orie (Marge) Whispell �The Pbzn 1用前邙 跑：M低 Ostrum T Sound student, gou hav。scon th° 工 upws.rc -『y written about that on^, special person. 二二b次对河戚it was。叽gour application 一，…一"for 一二二 '二丈工二 二二二i1 have have read r?ad hundreds hundreds of of them them over over mg mg 室 竺 in 就 Upward Bound office lam alwags _ _ pj thi： students* r^sponsjzs and n)ang tim宓 I have -2-22-32 whol might write about given th。opportunity. In 三二二二 1 nev^r came to an exact person until :and if goa know my gou know that gou will hoar cl k -：o ________ s 梧：_ J ；J »W4^- rr a,4f — . p— — ------- ---«-- ■"〜二；''. Over 二二;:渣：and a half, I have watched a goung ladg, 云二:三H v：it2 & illness and continue to live her 可。to th。 工a. Hspcoplz would use th。ailment as a wag to o] things,邮 if as a eruteh in ord^ to g^t out of 罢=二£ 拈芸抠 thbt lheg nag not want to complete like hem^work. not this girL.sh|z hid^s the jact that it's not -旋g，t good w踩k, or & good month; shjz v?ants no 片匹沱：汗zSesL no special attention. >% *匕昌 rz笋rHig hcgpit&liz^d and what was her concern? ? qtc 泓g /成 of -08 ftmilg" and r^ssur^ us that ――，一… 的' z 如赛 going to bz alright, to not worrg abolit 皿叫忏十顾 5尽 慕羸 ：and ogbll ttr^ngtr, ^11 of |岫thin thin史 g8 榔has hbs used us,d to to， :?LJ 3次。me舞eomph渤。樨比址喘衲赤p/ g职. ?㈱,Mbrjori^ Whi^p^ll, 1 admire gOCH Vou b成 on。 fantastic, "dg and "，旭goung young喻 and 11 顷啊也晌倾血昨岫 blwcd to know gou. : ��AMStraiDffi T€ Or髓 Ruth Mantilla Anne Wall© Caitlyn Nirka l\ayla Meier Lilly Laskowski Yessia Robles Jake Sorber Matt Mahalak Dave Evans Q * * * * ������ire Stew Ariel Flores iwM §o)M I>1er EfflDDDnDuannDTj Jenn EDavSes AsfluOey StaairU €hlce Renner Marissa Cdlum �����的 Lo^e sod 加at io 如 Lo^ed 费 iHprll Chewey Wish Upon a Star Everything I wish upon a star Wishing that our love goes far I always tell you, you're in my heart But you think we will fall apart But because we were stupid the first time around That's what's making you feel this way now Hopefully this wish will come true So you can realize the love I have for you. Caitlyn Nirka I knew we Could Dever be 如wuse you fod me Were put togefiie? so close， yen 9Dd I Jurt skid by 姑ejy s邛tog hl 'Cause you Were So shy. I love you ^bu Broke pjy he^rt to two wlU I do With no roe to you? Its just Dot 由e s?me I h?te this 如 e I'd sell pjy D^roe Just for your gsto. Qod Pm so to love Like s cwcked out dove ■fhe person Pro so proud of Who v?lU forever shove tV lo^e冲钊 �TyierBahimann Mo玳 names that parents give their children have a deep and spiritual meaning： "guardian of loved ones', -guardian ones”, "Keeper of stars', stars", "beautiful -beautiful night anger, etc. etc. etc. etc. 】j,， on the other hand, have a less meaningful title, I am TYier, one who works with tiles. Aren't I lucky?! Well，just so you Know, the name was toy mom's idea. It was years later when I mastoid that, if my brother been a girl(u)Nch I thinK be Kind of is if you Know whati mean) he would have been named TAYLOR How unfair is that!? To have the second child get the better name. Oh well, rve lived with it so far and ril continue to live with it until...I'm dead? OKay, oKay, enough about the name. Let's talK about the people I share a house with. I live ujith my mom and my dad, tny annoying, disgusting slob of a brother that I couldn't live without, and six, yes count em\ 1-2-3-6 CATS- You can imagine what it's like to change a litter box at tny house, yve lived in WilKes-Barre tny whole life, which Tm pretty proud of, and if I ever had to leave I wouldn't Know where to §01 On TV sbouis, a lot of states and cities get an allure of glitz and glamour that would maKe an Amish guy hope on a cell phone and booK the nearest flight to Vegas! rve ujatched enough documentaries to Know that, most of the time, the negatives weigh out the positives and you usually end up losing something important, whether it's 1,000$, or your moral values. OK, enough about tv, bacK to my story. \ offic吧 sixteen last fYiday. Yeah, that's right, be afraid. I may not be as...unique as Miss K, biyt I still like to thinK I'm pretty cool. Don't get me wrong, I'm 明顼累想/副脸乎郴怵 not conceited or anything! Ijust like to think °F op myself as thetype the type=of person you'd want befriend, not nearly as crazy or福 sinister I seem-(oKay just £ a little), andI I 1 mreiytoe judge,rm piously people, unless e「anas ■慕富茄湍■慕 嘉;'扁 you ten me to leave. rve had many injuries over the years, nothing see yea’s血 ，but but nothing as as fatal fatal as as you you can can see. IW rve 吁 hit by rny brother rve been beaten h 如盟*㈱ SX Seen ,, ,. J , — —'ll an iron tin by tny 膘 hrothpr 'eT*ve been d *常雄盘器膘 aEWgbymybrottS 潘讲 cracKed over the head with a emeu- ----U7 n,z Drun：ner, 1 M py ajump rope. Bet you didn't guessw'hodldth^' one. Give up? Yes, tny little brother. After a while I realized that it^g^e Those years are over, though, mew becoi paybacKForgetting him hit by a car. ally become closer to all my family arid 福 ,fne touch closer since then, rve actuthem. I don't have much i--------but so does everyone else. I consider" hq *c nftgb have suffered maw/juu^mem many judgment on False false pretense? • myseif equal to 如。"‘nd every one of you・ 1 hope that everyone at upward bound 划||印戏::祝服 been hurt by many people-1 them and hopefully becoming mends p-iends. i Knou)r equa, chance at getting to KnW this room that I would not 腿 to Knouj bette faCt Sere is no single person In and you may not like me, but I am a human heino 4叫 that nobody HKes everybody. spect. And the same 云案"serve to be treated with 破 盘精常?履需霹噬炊您明舸源芯me'iha温林 Whenever I see you. you make my heart stand still You know if v/e would ever go out I would pay the bill You know Fm a good guy and would not go far But maybe for some fun will take a ride in my car IWthout you by my side. I v/ill be no more Youre the greatest person for me. rich or poor You know it would be great if R were just ynu and ma So let's carve our names into a tree My heart runs a mile Every time you smile Your hidden love nesds to be exposed So maybe one day I can propose Looking into her eyes is just enough What fm saying to you is not a bluff Nathan Corlano �i lay down un the bud my ceyes i' genlly -"…。1 。眼日 my head rest an niy pillow the cal upon my toes slowly my mind wandered off to the land of dreams where nulhing can nol happen though impossible it seems Getting ready to plungi Down the hDJ the sky grew daik and lonely the first star never shone the world grew over quiet this place i had not known i： in th Until ilic bar ba( the shadows cann* much closer the tension slowly built the fear inside me shone the courage slowly will. You Snd a helping hand The ride the fear grew ever faster i shrunk in front of it the dream closed in upon me an endless darkened pit …：.... Your hand sLuu !o slip The hd is over but j-ourt- the monslers came alive i lay helpless in niy bed with no way to run through lhe terror i was led StiU moving fan. You finally grt bafk to Yourrtn:. Ti.t ride Ltirt. surrounded by my fears encapturcd by the dream encircled by the monsters no vvny out did gleam To go even faster niy eyes did quickly open though the monsters stay in sight i couldn't close my eyes You reach another Yau hang on to the Side for dear life Hill & you start To cry as you dearly i could see it grasp it i could not i couldn't fight its presence nor the vast fear it had brought See your life flash Before your venEyes. The ridt £mps i lay upon my bed racing thoughts within the everlasting fight the monsters always win. ?____二;._ / -Briina Lewii NIGHTMARE Linds^ 7即F �Andrew Garcia TMt ART C ・z MAKINC?! 竺5瞄 Sitting in &二 , 军c/ass 料乂y, People arc playing 一一 皿 :r reasons arc hmc I hai 5. I talk t。her »vefo W, more than f /r hv/ce k a知,J 10项匝her. Using this logic, I Emo ♦；— arc /ove£hir Emotions 一一》5e. 叩 I won't lie, commitment makes. o寮如" ，,-tlie •« point? Six weeks But what's nd th< " 一 一c point? Six。 ：mc run, My heart is a labvriK -^Tapped up in,cn anSnared/ labyrinth wipiu i have naveIyet io isbreak To tell mei who love quitethe5 code一 Egnj% As for the 1*= 一一I bvc nol seen 一〜— .«uvc is quite ignorant ofroad. yea, labyrinth have not yet yet seen the the Who's to ” … . t°%ywho Ignorant1Ce Phys . one loves■ in public speech, q aa public Especially when :理 11；。河 . ,ule in v. who arc le in Lw they tht to reach, Seis heart's mind 岫 has。yet --Lsnota 一 one*ss nearfs toy and X— m" should not not be treated as i〔 by far. For those who believe their uieir infinite infinite wisdom knows, ror those who But your ignorance e：— ignorance anH and misconception is all，土 shows. -David D%lv^PQrt �Kris Zupko When I was younger, around seven or eight-years-old, it was I, the crazy kid riding a bike in the field every day, without fail. Yeah, the one who went splashing through mud puddles, then walked all over my Grandmother's carpet. And I was happy riding my bike through the field, even into the forest on the western edge of the field. Until one day, which afterwards, I never rode my bike again. So, I was just riding along, down the alley that was adjacent to the field and wooded area. I was minding my own business, being a carefree little twit, when I looked over yonder. I slopped so suddenly that my bike actually skidded to a halt. I didn,t fall, but I was pretty close. What did I find coming out from the brush on the outer-edge of the woods that caught my interest so? Why, it most certainly wasn*t an old man streaking across the field. Oh no. Out from the comer of the woods, something big, black, and not at all human-like made its way out. I'm pretty surprised I didn't jet right then and there, but hey, I was a kid. So the black creature slinked its way out, and then I could tell without a doubt... Twisted Love Why can't I get you out of my head? My eyes feel heavy like lead I don't feel like myself at all, Always at your beck and call. Feels like I can't breathe. Because you arc the air that I need. What can I do without you? Constantly thinking about you. Would you quit leading me on? Like a sick twisted love song. When lhe lights go out and I think we're done, You come out like lhe wicked sun. But, now I think I'm gone. I'm lired of our little love song. So Ell get you out of my head, Take a never ending sleep in my eternal bed. -Anonymous That was a big as hell cat. And it did not at all look friendly. So I 的 my butt back on my bike and pedaled like I never pedaled before. I dropped the bike in my backyard, ran straight towards the back door to my house, got inside and locked the door. By the end of it all, I feel it was an accomplishment I didn't pee my pants. I never saw anything like it again. Sure, a bunch ofbears come wandering through everyone once in a while, but that's a completely diffgt story 浏 together. * �By: Anne Wallo I couldn't believe it, my wor" fear right before me. I couldn't otop the river of tears flowing from my eyes How could I choose? How could I feel the excruciating heat rising from the firry pit below me hit my body from the 镣© platform on which I stood? I Daw bright there. My father on one platform and A Moment I Rynember my mother on another. I must have only been ten yards away from the them Jess Lenza but the fact of me not to grab their hand, just touch them one last time made We were just standing there, the loud music ringing in our ears, laughing and sick that I vomited. I needed them. I just couldnft live without them. I could hear the man, the spawn of Satan. I could hear him scream "pick one!” I smiling, and BOOM! It hit me, out of nowhere. I really liked this kid, and I wanted him hated him. I hated him go much. I wanted to send him co the hell that he was to be mine. I just couldn't stop staring at his big broy/n eyes and that adorable smile he trying to send ub. Why? Why was he doing this to us? "Pick one," he shouted kept giving me. It was like we v/ere meant to be together; it was fate that we both again with the evil voice. I didn't want to pick one. If I chose my dad, that went there that day and met each other. OK. Wait, let me start from the beginning. would mean that the platform below my mother would fall and it would send March 25, 2007 around 6 p.m., I was with my sister at Guys and Dolls, a billiard her to 小。bottom, gone forever. But if I picked my mom then it would send my father down below as the platform would fall below his feet. lounge on Wyoming Avenue. Definitely one of my favorite hang outs even though wh it And if I didnfc pick Cither the" 土" would both fall, leaving me with the guilt forever picking at me and teasing me until I would 8mmlt suicide. He wanted angled the stick just right and, hit the cue ball. The four went In, followed by the eight, this. The demon Wanted W 网 8uldE kept Eng. Hav^ one i9 better 而“ none one may say, but not me. I needed going to let this man kill gets too crowded and I can't breathe because of all the smoke. I set up my shot, just like I said it would. I jump up and scream 'es." But, my sister didn't buy it and accused me of cheating. We started arguing like two little kids about it until my friend, my parents. I needed my parents. I was not my parents! Not like this! How did this Oh yes I remember. This whole thing SUrtedtwoyearB Ryan, broke us up. I got all angry. Slammed my stick dov/n on the table and stormed ever happen? out. ago., Now, where could I go? I never wanted to leave, but I just couldnt take arguing with anyone anymore. Believe it or not therms not much to do in Kingston. People think �there is, but there's not. The only other place I could think of going was backstage, a smiled and said it back. But it wasn't that normal smile you see when you say "hl" to concert spot In-between main bike world and a tattoo parlor. I decided that was the someone, it was more, and that made me curious to what he was thinking about. I best place to go. I started walking, and the more I walked the more people I saw. I Introduced myself, because I v/asnt sure if he knew me or my name, so I thought I didnt hear of a big show tonight, but I guess there was one. I pulled the crumbled should tell him Just in case. We stood there for a while as we watched the first band, money out of my pocket, and separated it Fifteen bucks was all I had until next Friday. they were indeed rookies, and werent my taste in music, or anyone else's for that I got up to the window looked In and it was packed; the most crowded I've ever saw it. matter. I decided I wanted Ice cream. So thats what we did, we all walked to Dairy The Devil Wears Prada, 14$. I was really cutting It dose, but I guess I could bum a Queen. dollar or two off someone later when I needed a drink. I got in line, and it looked like I was going to be waiting a while. but then again It was Saturday night We got to the DQ counter, and I wanted a cookie I looked up and there were still about thirty more people ahead of me. They said it was so crowded they could nt let any more people in after me. So I did get there just in time. I got up to the counter handed her my money, got my bracelet, and went back. The first band was still setting up, I wasnt sure who they were, but probably some rookies that never played a show before. I looked around trying toseea familiar face. Then I noticed my friend Brian and his girifriend Sam. Then, I noticed him. He had me staring at him the whole night. Still, until this day I get butterflies when I see him. I got a warm feeling too, now I didn't pee my pants, but I just felt comfortable and it almost felt like I knew him already. dough blizzard, but was a dollar short. I looked around and then asked "hey does anyone have a dollar I can borrow?" Adam then locked at me and smiled, pulled out his wallet and said "is that all you need?" I smi!ed back and said "yes/ took the money, and paid for my blizzard. Everyone else got what they v/anted and then we left. We continued back to Backstage, but being a little goofier than v/e were before. I guess the ice cream was kicking in. Well, we got back just in time. The Devil Wears Prada was now setting up their stage. I pulled Adam up doser so we could get a better view, and then everyone else followed. They started playing and Adam and I got pushed together by all the people His name was Adam. I've seen him around school, but never actually talked to him before because he had a girifriend, but I hoped he didnt anymore, said hi to my friends, then looked at him, he was starring down Adam, Brian, his girlfriend, and I crossed the avenue and it was extremely busy, dancing around. I smiled and laughed, and I just loved it It wanted to be close to him, as close as possible. He told me later that he loved it too. All these people were I walked up moshing and going all other the place and he even saved me from getting plastered and I said whi/and he �against the wall by huge, fat people. We both had 50 sed Weave thatng much fun and neither of us 哗 might sound weird,butgmbt of an thaw hit me, I really wanted to get to know him because I liked him (as weird as that might sound). Making Friends Yo, il*n the fifth week of Upward Bound Although I came u week late il'n been a thrill Let rnc tell you about the fricndi I've found Chilling out with my horniea from team brazil I then realized I dldntfeel awkward or weird around him, I felt comfortable, and right. I wasn't scared to be myself or anything. Everything was just perfect, Just how It should be. Well after that show we hung out almost every day. Then on April 3rd he asked me to be his girlfriend and I was ecstatic. We have been together over a year Let rnc ntart with the girl I know the beat She singn no well, her name in Jill Suda I've known her longer then the rest Just for fun Noura calls her soda funny Spending time teaching people some still can't believe going to a place like Backstage v/ould pay off so much. Getting into a Arabic And sadden, means I*m a monkey Her lovely smile is pretty slick it, I actually thanked her later. When I wanted to find that once special person, I always went out and looked for them, but I was always looking in the wrong places. Love is out there, you just have to be patient, and wait for it. It always has a special time, and a special placez even if its at backstage enterprises. I had no intention whatsoever to go there that night, and I got there just in time. Everything really does happen fora reason. Trust me, I know from experience. So all of you who go seeking to find love, dont! Love always finds its to like nportB Shawn Yankee l-shirta he wcufh GeU competitive, pul on Home nliortH You can tell he really cares Christine w an insight full girl She and brianna seem to be twin fliBtern The way they out make?! rny mind whirl Some times I hear their whispera Noura I like her character it% kind of now, and I couldnt be happier. We're like glued at the hip and 】don't mind it at all. I fight with my sister that night really changed everything, but I cant say I feel sorry for At team meeting hIic'h not u quiet mouM! Early in the day good morning sunshine Brianna is bo cool and sweet Her voice is pleasant and quiet She‘8 one of the nicest people you'll ever meet A conversation with her is such a riot The next friend ill write about is Ashlynde ahe*8 a preat TC In upward bound it*s her first year Easy to talk to like you and me To her I welcome in good cheer It's easy to see the friends you make Are great and understanding So open your eyes and become awake Good friends arc everywhere for the taking -David Davenport Nathan Plays games during out free times He the credit monopoly man See what he does, his excellence shines Kris she's the mysterious sort She's got some mad artistic skill Pencil and paper she owns the court — Makes master pieces at will way, and Ifll come when you're least expecting it to, and thafs the best part about it! April Chewey she's the speaker of the house Most days I hear her favorite line m fneMfi �Ashley Shcply CCL3RLL5S ORLL) Pct Peeve Speech A quiol voice inside \eeds a way lo speak A way out of die? mess ]his it truly seeks. '.:_ 1 .7；一-_____ 三.二一-：：.. U 一三==玉?二= : _ She ：= ? -_7 - She 二icv here I、云 上J birds. ~ -. ... 「二、：：二：二一一丰二:^川示 -.- .. So you're on the phone talking about some very controver sial topic, or something juicy that happened at school that day. Then all of a sudden you hear a loud munching in your ear and the unhcalthicst sounding swallow ever. Yes this is my first and most aggravating pet peeve, eating on the phone. Now don't get me wrong, all of us do it a! some point, but if you're getting ready to cat a full course meal get off of the damn phone! I don't want to hear you munching, crunching and swallowing like you're some camel.* — . also • goes for when you drink on the This phone. I DON'T WANT TO HEAR YOU GULPING YOURGLASS OF COK1- AND THEN BELCH LIKE A GOD-FORSAKEN IRISHMAN! Thank you. Iler life a taiigleii spider web As the leaves are blown She thirsts fur a wa\ oul I he pain unly she has kiu>\vn Now on to my second pct peeve, when I'm shopping with my sister and my nephew is there, I like to take him to the rides in the mall, and when I do, it seems lo draw attention to myself, why you ask, well because 1.) A young girl is with a little boy and 2.)That little boy hap­ pens to be black, well mixed if you will, Now I know teenage pregnancy is really high in the U.S. but, no old ladies, I do not have a little boy, HE'S MY FREAKING NEPHIIEW! This really aggravates me because well, I don't want kids for a long time, and I hate when people just assume stuff about other people, which rally ticks me off] Don't just assume it，s my child be­ cause I will tell you no, and I'm probably not going to be nice about it. She needs a p!.uv ot quiet Of sudden blissful calm She finds il in her dreams Ocean, sand, and palm. :d 卜上、Li知 Here the leaves star on the tree*. They never llultcr down 1 lere life is jnaj»ic As if she wore a crown. 二 pst - .. .. W；二二c 二二:Q】i>st 、一二二：Led 三心工、:冒rs :~ -e、：•.其 二3:ears. 1: -._ . - : I really hate in the morning, when Pm sleeping in for school and my dad who comes into my room and turns off my ceiling fan, nothing, and I mean nothing makes me more mad that someone is touching my ceiling firn. When I wake up in the morning I have a routine 1 know when to turn off my fan. Yes you could say that I have a slight cause ofOCD, but really who doesn't. When my dad does trun off my fan, it ruins the whole thing and I go through the whole day in a really bad mood, all because he had to touch that freaking switch and turn it off. Her dream is her wa) out If unly it were real Iler past is truly scary This way she liates to feel. I also hate when you go to a show (concert) and one of the bands listed to play DOES­ N'T PLAY, why is you're name still on the list? HUH? Like I v/ent to see All Time Lovz at Caf^ Metropolis and one of my favorite bands were scheduled to play and they didn't! I got all excited to go and see them and they showed me up. At least someone could have said "Hey Every Avenue isn't playing." NO! No one said a flippin* thing. Lovely. Extremely extremely lovely. Oh and another thing that annoys me is when I go to a show, when you*ve been standing in line for like four to six hours and once people get their tickets and the line starts moving, they try to cut. NO. DON'T CUT. You weren't there sitting in the pouring rain, under a super tiny umbrella, eating your Wendy's like I was, so no, I'm sorry, don't even let the thought of you cutting me into that thick head of yours because it*s not going to nappen， She asks lor 4 tomorrow SudiikHi'nUnnn today 1 omorrow bhe wanls color Fmnow her world is grey. i 1' 一- : :- : . r.K:、h e\ e L二 —一、二;r. p_ _ ::二 Lm.l :二： •- fall -caught .,:'4、 �I sit here broKenhearted gtlll luonderlng hou)this whole thing started 1 don't want to feel this way Cause I got myself a new man He always tews me he Is tny number jean still feel your touch one fan Cause I miss you so much But I stin sit here thlnKlng about My heart slows everytime that} you baby breathe Can you please ten me, I just can*t get over you Why did you leave? I never felt this way before entitled* please tell me what has happened For my heart feels llKe It has been Flattened please tell tne so I don't have to cry over you anymore Its not that I don*t love him too The problem is I still love you Nobody knows who I really am Maybe ihey just don't give a They think I'm strange and uncool But they don't realize I could run this school. I just can't get over you I never felt this way before Let them think what they want lean still see your Face As my heart slows to a slower pace I wait here for any day Tor you to come bacK and stay I don't want to feel this way But i do anyway Please ten trie u)hat has hap­ pened For my heart feels liKe it has been Flattened Please ten me so I don't have to cry over you anymore I just can't get over you I never felt this way before Please ten tne u)hat has happened For my heart feels like it has been flattened Please tell tne so I don't have to cry over you anymore ■Caitiyn NirKa ,I I'm not an artist sol won't flaunt it, Believe you me. I'm completely difierent from what they see. So they can keep lheir thoughts and keep their looks, I'll keep my Knowledge and reafling books Tel! them wnen I'm gone Not to worry and carry on. ~ Anonymous �Listen Dressed in Prada or Gucci shoes trs ^crds I speak In a lovely gown that fits Listen to my voice so sweet Your character and tenderness Look into my eyes and see Please o please will you be mine Behind my eyes my soul is deep Before I leave this one last time Look beyond my boney chest Take the key I gave to you You will find my loneliness Find the shape to fit it thru But if you go deeper thru It is for my heart you see You will find my love for you III give you time to think it thru I give you now my honey bee A surprise is what I bring A sweet but fragile golden key Inside you find a diamond ring Fly with me oh honey bee Put it on my honey bee Toahoneycombfwjustyouandi me And well live long jus you and me Isw冲叫机灿 everything Your every wish is my command By： Steven Spivey Hl keep you while °n Q cruise ��the cold rushes around the wind blows wild no arms to hold it a frightened child, a place forgotten nowhere to belong without love life's much too long, the tears splash down for death they cry how sad is the world where hatred does lie. if only a whisper could speak to their hearts tell them of love and how they're a part, but no one speaks up no one finds their souls notice comes only when one digs the holes, we wonder their stories ask why they're gone but no one did listen when they cried every dawn, if only they'd known had been shown love before then perhaps this world wouldn't be a closed door. By: Tyler BcMwumuv For e^e^ry fi^htyou/ ve/ &ver F” every tbne/you/ t^crt dru4<\]o for aU/ of th& iMikLwd/ thir^you/ ve/ ever / Far every tvvne/you/ me/ cry YcnVVi/ never fcncw how much/1 hcLte/ycnv, Vc^ddy For cM the/ Ynone^/ you/ ve/ &ver ^A/&n/ for all/ the/ worhyouJve/ ever done/ For cdb th& t&&h care^ of vne^ for alb th& tlAn&yyau/ ve/ trte^ to- hel^> YotdU/ never Jcnow how tnach/I app reciate/you/, Dcuicly F" every vue4at to-ja^/ for cdZ/the^weefc^I cotdd^\/t ^ee/you/ for e^e^y time/1 wherryot^ were^ F” every tXme/you/ left WLthouZrteUZ-ng^ YotdU/ never knznu h^w vnudvl Vaddy F” Hu^you/ ve/ ever for alb the/ tutne^yotdve/ sh^w wyouy F"(M the/ advice/ avid/ dlb the> loncnuled^e/ for never truly leovun^ me/ YcnVlb never know hew ,nuc>vZ lovelyot^ Vaddy Lindsey Knepp �HsihiHd you of anyt(U^yead,a figd (Undof f如 Saa Mx^ody). 时锣班？ WM，。绰成 f如 LiftOc Mcf^ald and "阴。阴0辫 me, Oscausa 纳y name is MaC.attd』'魁 t^a wo^aii Me UtW AUj所aid panted to Oc.J Osccu^a a part of tAo ^o?0d oh ApelO W,1991, tvjo yaats "伽 AW* mada to gpCasA trying to Oe a aortnaC 劣伽 朔。， Ma£ Clvsd In 饵。f perfoet fairytale ^orSd vjUato 渊。&ad 即cryMRg "0 avot ^antad, Gut,妃甄。&缄 7 4。-of. Mogf of 阴y 叫。J iiavo gpstd without a /a> £如心修。passed away cdeva^ years ago tv如“ 7 was six.7Aats just tAa Ssglu窟明! 7 ncvof tfkOy ^ad sIGOItt^g, WaCC, 7 Have a AaCf $Jgf。。, Out vje arc ton years apart Atla8,i^o 阴0「婀a/d,脸id Kkittoan sisters. G『owR0 up in soMy todays。。绅 £。"如 faipyta^e AsIb£ wlgdad to Caava. C'MONt Levo ai flpgt si^tff And at sMoa^yon ^ot to Ge 引妃施阴W '肉做 tmdoe^atcr cova，曲 fa? a^ay.AtlcS fOMid Aar teuc 如阴峋 Aer, 7 班31/0 a ff妃 &omc of 纳y own fap, fap away, Gui Ifg in f如 woods. So ya r。畋瞄cr瞄伽此喃那？在。如命,但玳僻Woee财 was如f Oest friend. Mine lUippons to Oa a do^Hat 绍岫。/§ SadicCyniLjgH't It ironic Aow OM eivGS c°阴pwo 做d contfast? Weee if you 佃觇 t^at it's hoKie MaM 华*, 做d 7 ^ava Ik。。输如但,iflen you're go not ready for tRisf 。迦 pHoMs and IPods(laptops ato1 缢岫，印Itittoducod around t&。oqc of hIsMa岫 Qod tAcy \A)ata Ihvcutod, ^ w ' f印戒 J u/oWd dlo.7Rcsc 如g 口 few of favo"to m°g徊暨。峰血山畋福慕福；溢.慕；? ora fl g of 航y favo?ito tdtikQs. .竺竺:竺催脸吟。她“。顷她we蛔。仙心 AM D#春GRGNT 珀A/V ATVy FJSH, OR PSRSOAf! J AM AWf MeytaCss 物 ecaSity are Kotdikg w&at 雄砂 妣 PWW <0 6B.3fs 村/心 daMto y。"， 3 am posmvety qmq t/w i £Wt r**0。"“- f* 。--wof 枷d lu to如如时时伉faiey^ . —t^nvirn taOc and &avo 绩y。即觊 f 7 M 0。顾 to^aqo l&a{做 _ «―i peo^d. as i tic the ribbon around nip hair pou pretend not to notice, but stillpou stare as i glance towardpou, /on glana ifanlp og ^ur e^es woukl stop i wishJbr lapq notjust^ur lust 仄 hand S holi a heart t6 trust look at me, don't turn 勿秘 don't learcjiisl即 ineedpou Sstop i vr^it to tellpcut w}uxt i know is true when i bok mio nte, i Zw 刚 too i do曲 yvcDit this 城 to bejar 啊1 i'd rather be chse, hear the beat 涉切i(r h&m i Hvp/Z pou to 切形 pou m who z 〃诚 ill be ntjhl behincly^u, jii^l t^ke the lead lake hold %ip i know 能 aui make it ill(jiw y^n h&m, be Circini da)i t biwk it tnist in 即"庇勿i狗 wgll both be z诡矽 belike thst i 项叫,h&w the ywrds ih^t i say 0 .:. ‘-I �Chrismie Hom Il is now the day of their house warming party and the family is getting prepared fbr the guests to arrive. Strange things begin to happen to 山c family but they pay no attention to it. The Mr- Peters guests start to arrive, the music is playing, and the delicious food is laid out on the table. All the Comp 101 &. Creative Writing people arc having a blast when all of a sudden the chandelier crashes to the middle of the dance floor. Everyone starts to panic. Next the power goes out. Now there is no hope of anyone Creative Story calming down. People arc screaming, running all over, and freaking out. It is around the turn of the century in the Kirby house. The Kirby house is very old looking and creepy. There is a huge chandelier in the front room, fire places in almost every All of a sudden the ghost of Snoop appears. Everyone is in shock and paralyzed by the room, old tiled floors, and scaiy statues. The floors are unleveled, the stairs creak, and there are sight of his ghost. He looks bloody, bruised, and cut all over his body. The Watson family can't inm gales in &oni of the main door. The basement has a wine cellar and many rooms throughout believe their eyes. They wished that they had never moved into the Kirby house, so that none of this would have happened. Snoop started to make the house shake and was throwing knives at There are a lot of doors 2nd rooms and stairs where you could get lost. the guests. He was going to kill everyone in the house to get revenge fbr what had happened to A gangster gambler by the name of Snoop Doggy Dog is playing poker with some friends. He is wearing a bright neon shirt, sunglasses, baggy pants, black shoes, a watch, and him. Bodies were all over the floor, blood was on the ceilings and walls. The only survivors were the Watson family. gent colored bracelets. He has a v河 long face, some facial hair, and canied a little purse dog 赫＞ him. One 岫 while they were plajing poker. Snoop g cheating and scamming the playg So ali of a sudden they turned on him and brutally murdered him. The Watson family fled the Kirby house without any of their belongings. They only got away with their lives and that was enough. Snoop got what he wanted all along. From that day Rumor has it that ever g&nighio&muny Snoop*皿皿诚切哽睥 haunts gone 倾 Wes forward the Watson family never went back to the Kirby house or anywhere near it for that there. matter. People believe that the house was never haunted and that there was a serial killer at the party who made all of this happen, but the Watson family believed different. Till this day no one Itisnowthe2Ifl century around the same time ofthe murder ofSnoop while the Watson femily moves into the Kirby house. The Watson family 、 • 血 t know the rumors or about the mrier that occuntd m this house. THe family decides t。throw a h( louse wanning party and invites everjone they know but what they don't kn( low is that Snoop is going to ruin their lives for moving into the Kirby house. moved into the Kirby house or step foot in there since the night of the Watson family's house warming party. Rumor has it that late at night if you walk past the house you can see Snoop walking through the house with his little purse dog. �fishing ahzplg Why? By: Tyler Bahlmann Why won't you love me? Did I do something wrong? If I did Fm very sorry. Please don't leave me. Look, look what I did for you. You see that bloody wound on my iarm. It*s your name. Do you love me now? I did everything you asked. I killed him. I lied to her. ]look the money and gave you the drugs. Do you love me now? I J cooked the food just how you wanted. your clothes just how you wanted. I cleaned the house just how you wanted. Het you hurt me just how you wanted. Do you love me now? 幕乎 do you want me to do?! ['ll do anything, anything! Please love me, please love me! I know I don't deserve you! 1 know you don*t really care! Just Just say it, eyen though it，s a lie! You still wont say it? Well, I guess Ell have to 町 harder tomorrow. On Fcccmber 16'12007, while sitting home alone, [ got the sudden urgjz for some $ridz Mint 6am. Wjzll luekilg for me, 1 happened to have some in the kitchen. <§>o I got up from thz computer ehair and darted into th。kitchen. Well mg Joot djzeidcd to COL!捆& with the wall and well, I broke my “ring” tog! it was broken and now ifs all erookjzd and aglg. 3。g庭,I, flshlgg §h^plg, havz a crooked, uglg tosz! Other than that, I'm almost swizjzt sixteen and alivjz and kickin'. This is mg lifjz the wag I live it, enjog. I plag tennis at my high school, tianov^r 守腴8, where I will ba a junior. My school is gour tgpieal high school, full of drama, baekstabb(zrs, and jocks. Sat me, I don't belong to any “cliqac”, gllg I don*t. prjzttg much, Km friends with 海rgonjz. 1 live in 说z park, or phillg" if goa will, with mg parents 伽vid and bisa, and mg younger brother, Colin. I also have a wag older sister, 仙anda, but she obviously do蹿n't live with me angmonz. flnyWBys, back to 畋]'m quit。ehill, I liRjz to wear mg band t's and j{zans, oh and I love going to shows. Most of the time gou ean eateh me with mg Marissa. W。have been ®FFs for almost jive gears now, but when we were little our older sisters were friends and wz〔1,1 almost drowned poor little Marissa. y<zs, gou heard eorr^etig, I almost drowned her in her gram's pool! gut other than shilling with Marissa, 1 like to listen to my iP0*£). tjzxt, or surf Myspaejz. 1 1。卯 to bjz sarcastic and I'm pr^ttg sure I can make almost angon^ laugh with mg fantastic sense of humor. 9ouTc probablg thinking, WOW! This girl is amazing, dojjs shp havp a special bog in hjzr 1血？ Wjzll to answer that question, tiCCK HO! Bogs arc gross and thjzy lip to us girls... a lot. §o girl$ be carzjal when it com商 to those slimjzballs, trust mjz, I know theg suek. Wjzll like who I am and while I'm standing up hens all nervous Wgll anywags, anyways, 1I Hkiz and such, I don't give a damn what people think of w. I am who I am. Take it or leave it. 00 Ouuu �Senior Poem: By the UB summer class of 2009 I wrn lying there in agony from head to toe. Numb on the inside battered and bleeding on the out. There is no one around to hear my bone chilling screams of pain and anger. The angel of death has come to visit. I feel like a corpse out on the street being devoured by starving, vicious birds. My hands are clenched in fists of rage and terror, at least I think so. Every bone in my body must be broken, but I5m too numb to feel the pain inside. She ripped my heart from its beating chest She left it on the ground next to me after the jump. I'm finally whole again. The end is approaching. I see the light radiating from the angel of death's halo. The repercussions of my of twenty story leap are upon me instead ofleading me to the stair way to heaven. The death Sods go华 are casting me into the pits of hell. I feel the fires burning beneath iny my feet. I hear the howls of those exiled before me. The weight of their sins magnified and thrown o? on their Sholders. shoijders. "Through me the way into the suffering city through tiirough me the way to eternal pain, through me the w鸳簇嘴 g 住 l?st, lost, Justice urged on my higher a哩嗯•明哩子澳 哩嗯•明蜗笠华 加 °m and primal love. Before 嚣嗽瞰部整炒 V notiungbut eternal things werethe made, and I ei^ure leisure eternally. Abandon every hope, ye who 品ter he；巽as etched orever bore my head as SdZ etched on on aa f sign forever bore into intomyheS the pit to be judged by Cerberus. When your down and troubled, on the long road ahead, and you need a helping hand, just call out to the Upward Bound seniors, and we will come running to you. Winter, Spring, Summer, Fall, class of2009 went through it all. We partied like we we're rock-stars, looked like we're superstars, played like we we're all-stars but acted like we we're from Mars. We had the times of our lives, all with your help. Here are some of the situations we're talking about. T/C Ashlynde is always there, popping out of no where but is willing to be there. T/C Steve's coffee experiments. While T/C Ted's team had their first out doors experience. RD Sarah's new form scheme, by adopting the seniors, David Davenport because she lacked a team. �First Hoofs day toped off with a loud goodnight ladies that*s Random knocks on your door, to your head popping out, to T. C Beth yelling with all her might. finding Marge the Johnny Knocker trying to sneak out. T. C Chris and his "crickey makeover," looking hot with the Of anything else we can never forget, mask and his little koala. is the Quain and $5 fboot loooommg with Andy and Last bui hot least is ARD Sandy looking so fine and dandy Dominic. lakmg piciures every chance she gets so summer 2008 we So keep smiling, keep shining, knowing that you*ll be a will never forget. senior here someday. And you can make the memories for Speaking of memories we must not forget. sure, because that's what UB is for. Because we're true Nlade with the fantabulous underclassmen we ever met: friends, and it may seem like the end, but nothing will split Whether dance parties in the halls. us up unless the world bends. Or girls night of monopoly in the first floor hall. To 怂8血 flipping out on the Chinese man all over two fbrgotten orders of vegetable fried rice. nee. You should feel bad for that man. She v/asn't so nice. Even P°or TC Beth was scared for life. The multiple injuries for Ariel, To the unmentioned clavicle breaks from kick ball. a tough game of �����������������GAR HANOVEK AREA holy REDEEMER L盘 KE-LEHMAN 二 MEYERS NANTICOKE NORTHWEST .； PITTSTON AREA TUNKHANNOCK. A.BEA WYOMING AREA. Wyoming valleV West Going for the gold in 2008! oo � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Upward Bound Lit Journals, 1981-2016 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Provost's Office Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1981-2016 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource PDF Type The nature or genre of the resource Journal Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Upward Bound Lit Journals 2008 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Provost's Office Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2008 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource PDF Type The nature or genre of the resource Journal https://omeka.wilkes.edu/omeka/files/original/ce68deb99459a2cb9439c9e97a52bb81.pdf 97cba860aaa7fd2f56a663b77ca72dd8 PDF Text Text �3，，， CLJlcrti ( IU血' '站对R奴5SU「 二赤1/ 乂lefi, 火心*心也' ， (J CJ 人 人X七 A. A yOQs yoas 七30 、工。?f U 出 c^O-d ~tv c\ uxm &比l t/u,冲0必十 匕此止.挡'm 疗＜W，仅"笋/tc 乂/\小侦切值P tow rl . c . 拙 6ZV>c<2^g/^ U 或几C件七/iq t 俨 ionc^ < Y/v f 7 巾S B UuU^lj 必 3： LC LCr 采D *qh g 妲 <Xu u 上展/ 1 CM on 9 /施小 •、」n： ,w —A jsovoV - CS d 七槌 a bg&z勿7 R-c 7 工必十 ,A '沙以M I? 泌 力％ Me，亿宛吗 渺 w户.知弘*心瑁 3危Z t Swimming Toward Your Best Future 血st Keep Swimming...xvhat a curious and ingenious title for an Upward Bound publication. The Encarta Dictionary defines the word swim as to move as M"to move or or propel yourself unsupported through water using natural means of[propulsion t ■ / such as legs, tails, or fins." Mrs. Espada defines an Upward Bound student as **one who moves or propels him/herself supported through life using natural means of propulsion such as self-confidence, intelligence, and integrity." when considering the word swim, we often think in terms of success. For example, when asked how one is doing on a particular task, the response may be "swimmingly!” Or when discussing one's options in completing a project, the alternatives maybe Mto sink or swim." An individual or group facing many challenges may be compared to salmon swimming upstream. In the same mindset, our 28,h th President, Woodrow Wilson, is noted for saying, “The man who is swimming against the stream knows the strength of it.” In a state of confusion, ones head may be swimming or the words may be swimming on the page. In a state of overabundance, one may be swimming E5E~, in money or some other *■' riches. L ~ It seems thatt no matter how the word sudm may be used, the end result is potentially life-changing. Throughout the Summer of 2009,1 have witnessed each student's efforts to perfect their swimming- strokes. At times,• -you certainly - felt as though - you J were salmon swimming upstream. However, like salmon in the smolt stage, you schooled together in groups both large and small in order to adjust your minds and bodies to take on new and exciting challenges. challenges. You tested tested waters outside of your proverbial boxes. You managed the currents, even when they became rough, and swam toward the finish line, each with your own unique style, but together. I1 would UUIU like UKe to [O take taKe this mis opportunity to thank tnanK each Upward Bound participant for allowing me to s捋m inyour pool this summer. As always, I have grown to be stronger because of your strength and resilience. My hope is that you will continue your journey keeping in mind the words of Gary Wood, “Don't wait for your ship to come in; swim out to meet it.” And remember, always swim with a buddy, and don't dive into 出e water if you don't know how deep it is. Margaret A. Espada Director 林成户以(胃^ 7/Qj毋〃奶" 件竣我 '腐任/ 'J：伽S �虎Speckd71赢及哲淑 Coordinators Faculty Ms. Cavalari Ms. Espada-D/rector Ms. Fedor Ms. Ferrantino Mr: Ripa-Academ/c Coordinator Ms. Glennon Mr Hromisin Stephanie Shandra-Gu/dance Coordinator Mr Komorek Ms. Krushnowski Ms. Ostrum-Offce Assistant Mr. Kudrack Mr. Peters Sandy Sistrunk.-Assistant Resident Director Ms. Pi ragus-Thamarus Ms. Porzucek TCs Mark Congdon Kaitlyn DeFacis Steve Felter Beth Gallup Chris Kudrack MnShinko Mr. Stoker Ms.Visneski Lit Mag Staff 5,noiioway, Gabby Johnson, Crystal Koch, Briana Lewis, Mekela ' Lovell, Kyle Magda, Lacey McCourt, Bobbie Richardson, and --J Ms. Krushnowski �To Everyone, An ode fo Upward Bound? Before fbis summer jorogram J planning on doing mueb, I My fricncls were 涌 going p^ces hfee Mevada and so on, so the summer loofeec! My friends had also argued that fbe ^program would be a waste of time, and Ibefore this, at was hard to defend if, Isince f not that much info about the Iprogrario Now fliaf I矿s almost over, I feelhevereaefy for Junior Year and fbe jchallenges that awal代『am glad ¥o of feeen part of L静 Mag and fht program, I lyish everybody in the program good Iwcli and I hopt to return next summer! 以" ''L、、.. 9’ The time had come for us to say goodbye to summer and most important to each other. This summer was AMAZING!! I was happy when I found out I got to come back for my second summer, but no happiness compares to the what I felt this sum­ mer by meeting all of our unewbie'sn of the program. It has been a privilege for me to become friends with each of you. Throughout these six weeks I have learned a great deal from each and everyone of you and I hope I taught you some rhings as well. You all taught me that life is not easy, but with the right people by your side endeavors that seemed near impossible were not as bad as you thought they were to overcome, you also taught me that there is no T in team and to succeed in life you cannot stand alone. I also came to the realization that I may nevei be Diva #1 compared to Mekela. I Now I will leave you all with some advice. To the Juniors： Al­ ways drink your milk, homework is the key to success, smile as much as you laugh, and remember Dora's always here when you need her. Finally to the Faculty and Staff： Homework in the sum­ mer is BAD, write-ups are not as fun for us as they are for you, and Thank You for making me the person I am today. You have all changed mefor the better and for this I am grateful. Me Yours Truly, Briana a.k.a. Dora the Explorer ■ •g �WhY did You sigk up for the six-Week upward bound program? BRIANA: *■! HAD SO MUCH FUN LAST YEAR, I WANTED TO CREATE THAT SAME EXPERIENCE FOR THE NEW STUDENTS COMING IN.” CRYSTAL: "I WANTED TO GET A HEAD START ON STUFF FOR NEXT YEAR AND HEARD IT WOULD BE A GOOD EXPERIENCE." GABRIELLE： **TO MEET NEW PEOPLE AND BE MORE PREPARED = <d. FOR CLASSES IN JUNIOR YfcAR." BOBBIELYNN: "FOR THE SCHOLARSHIP OPPORTUNITIES." MICHELLE: -BECAUSE MY SISTER WAS IN IT AND SHE SAID IT 画AS FUN." TOBY: -BECAUSE I THOUGHT I WOULD ENJOY IT.” KRISTA: -BECAUSE ITS GOING TO HELP ME WHEN I GET TO j 疆 ■u ■.— COLLEGE.” MEKELA: **I SIGNED UP FOR THE PROGRAM TO GET USED TO THE COLLEGE EXPERIENCE. THEY TOLD ME IT WOULD HELP ME SET USED TO STA'rtNG AWAY FROM HOME AND IT DID.” 、,3 LACEY： *TO GET TASTE OF WHAT COLLEQE IS LIKE." KYLE: ■'BECAUSE I WANT TOGO TO COLLEGE AND HAVE FUN!" —i r 匕二 ��What is Facebook? tkmfacwqqk Facebook is a social networking website that is operated and privately owned by Facebook, Inc. Users can join networks organized by city, workplace, school, and region to connect and interact with other people. People can also add friends and send them messages, and update their personal profiles to notify friends about themselves. T/C Chris Angelo Blades Bobbie Lynn Richardson Mark Zuckerberg founded Facebook with fellow computer science major students and his roommates Dustin Moskovitz and Chris Hughes while he was a student at Harvard University Essence Gibson Julia Cikota Kelly DWessandro Lacey McCourt Michelle Frazier Sarah Quach — Victor Rivera 匚 MS ���Team MySpace N 婀腕弟 is 二 T/C Beth Brent Herbert Briana Lewis Cara O'Donohoe Crista I Wascavage Crystal Koch Josh Mihgl Kf-ystq Henderson Sh^ keer Jackson Taryn Leyshon MySpace is a social networking web­ site targeted at a general audience. Launched in 2003, by creator Tom Ander­ son, MySpace became one of the most vis­ ited websites in the world within a few years. With almost a billion visits per month, MySpace is the most popular social network. ••• .com myspacexom a place for friends ��While I'm not busy i like to go to the farmers market on Thursdays. One time T/C Steve As the kids walk into Evans Hall I can see their frightened faces as they wonder while I was there I saw a "hot" girl selling slushies so I thought I would go and talk to what they arc going to be doing for the next six weeks. 1 stand outside and wait for the her. But I ended having to buy a three dollar and fifty cent peach slushy because the girl kids and parents to come so I can help move them in. some say goodbye to their parents. didn't really talk to me like I had planned. So then while I was walking around I saw and some cry because they never spent time away from home. As they check in and get another "hoi" girl "selling free samples of milk " so I had to go and get a free sample of their keys, I show them to their rooms. Then at 7:45pm we walked over to Breiscth Hall chocolate milk. Once again I had no luck. So when 1 got back from the farmers, market I went to visit Mickic in her office room 107 and had our first meeting of the summer explaining all of the rules. As soon as everyone got settled and quiet we went down in a row and introduced and her student worker was there. She was asking me about a paper while J was airing ourselves and said our names, what school we attended and our favorite movie. I said my my pits out and accidentally leaned hack and hit Mickie flower and knocked it over. name is There was dirt every where. So I v\cnl and got a piece of paper and wrote a note and I graduated from Wilkes University and my favorite movie is Dick Tracey. Then that's when all the rules began and soon after I split up into my team that I stuck it to the door. The note said “Mickie not allowed in this office now". So then 1 would lead for the next six weeks. 1 was ready to learn about each member of my team. shut the door and got on the ground so I could try to hide the mess before she came back As I get to know the team I like to make my team meetings fun. I like to use into the office. As soon as I heard Mickie coming I asked her if she had a vacuum to use. marshmellows, slicks, balloons and sometimes team up with other teams. She said "NO". So of course I was caught dirt handed with the student worker because 1 enjoy waking up every morning to check everyone in for breakfast at 6:50am. she helped cover it up too. Even though the first three weeks are over we still have three weeks to go. It is Then I go and sit in on speeches or go to history classes and of course I go back to my room to sleep. I love writing and handing out write ups for when someone does your time to improve and be ahead for your next school year. So I wish all of you the something there not supposed to be doing such as cursing, wearing in appropriate clothes, best. being late for lunch or classes and so on. 1 also like trying to take over Ted's place in Mickie office, usually after lunch and before team meeting. I gave my phone to Mickie one day and she set up my voicemail. So now when you call my phone you will hear my personal assistant, Mickie. By: Karen Ratalko ��'.C Blind Po河 widiBesid型皿宜溥 I like to sing and dance in the showerAnd in the rain, Singing in the rain reminds me of a movie. 甘 is it thst singing in the rain reminds Kissing in the rain? Probably because ifs fun to show your affection in inclement weather. iSLefs go to the park and make-out under the stars.5J 二-二 Of course though, that would be a write up. 旧:吃 1 write up would go down in history for as long as humans exist. ��. 一 C王疽为h笠Kovzaic^' Mi: Peters 项 - 二土三一二乙三二£三二 ■. ■ ■ 二了 二 n：1-S &s- oajsed the trocpst^disappear like a'-' 111 ", ■■ The self respect and the determination that you have will push ■； ..: you further in life. With the wind blowing in my hair as I see the river moving in many directions it seems like Moses parting the Red Sea. It i 三云 三壬二 iz -二s 二二二：二 carers z.zei 'turned over sveiy stone' into Asides-above； he saw them. • ■f :二 has the beautiful scenery but the river is just so dirty. Cars moving on the bridge above the river, they are probably making a living for them- selves by going to their jobs. Sitting down looking at “the river" seeing how far it is just to get to the other side. Making me think of how far in life I went through and what I had accomplished in my life. My life had many sunny days and many rainy days but, I made it through it all. It seems to me that “the river” made it through a lot even though some­ times we don't see it. ����二 一 Self Destruction of the sins. :-?；7< ~ Drowning out the world with vivid dreams. They lay in silent slumber never stirring. Finally they wahe in death. Pulled from their ignorant bliss. Personal Experience Speech Sweet delight, delicious fluffy clouds of satisfaction. Tahe another, an­ other, stuffing themselves until their final tooth turn black, rotted by need. --二：：.、.•.二、.、二w ieen girls experience teen pregnancy? Well, take me for 三； 一三.家二 rrejninc) is ven hard, especially when \ou arc in lhe 11 山 grade ign 二二 m h's going io be lough ha\ ing to gel a job io support the bab\ 二二 _:二* lamfl} there the most of all. Most of it is hard, whenever I walk 2 二_•、了二■ ； 一3 in己 iiTm pregnani and I stan io icel uncomfortable. I don t want -—二二三二=:.二二 1 feel as if it is no one's business. After a while I had to break -二.「二二-4 :=二 土em the tmih because once >ou start getting bigger, the more thex r/rciice they start wanting to ieel xour stomach or the\ just stare al -:j.v.^rd. I feel awkward because having people rubbing m\ stomach -=1二 me icel kind of embarrassed and ashamed of niyseli' tor being -3-ring lime raising lhe baby. I'm still going lo go lo school, while -'三二 1 plan on going lo college because I feel that ha\ing a child will ~ rr;. education or collegt degree. More, more they always want more. What's theirs is theirs and what's your is theirs. Enough, they scoff at such an idea. Until what they want tabes away what truly mattered. Mirror, mirror cold as ice, cast their reflections upon themselves. Beauty, youth they crave such luxury. Distracted by themselves their luster fades. --r , —me whai I ha\e because I am good with either bovs or nirls. but 」r-.<- >. When 1 ha\e my bab\ shower my fiimily will be there and I 二 二一：二二：• ■ r. i 京 because I know ihe> will be asking me questions and it's going to Lovely dress, they hate you for it. Loathing you ouer material posses­ sions .Long left hope for themselves, burning of their own insides. Vou have it, they need it. Destroying themselves over you. >meshov L 7 ----； 土巾金 16。涧- preyium. a show about teen girls going through …~ ：心弋:ha：having a bab\ ma\ not be that eas\. but I think II can - —' \ snow proves to me that teen moms in to go to school and ■- - 7 At ir- end. the teens are 1Mpp、with having a baby and they ■- -7? - - »,• v.. 4 :. • tamih and Iricnd- h^re to •- •- ' ■ - ...J：.；' Ah the poor scorpions, pulled through life on desire. Following instinct into empty love. In their distraction on lustful endeavors are then stung by their own tails. 1 心 partying, hanging out with their I an; spefiging ucn \ pregnancy. It s not hard ibr me. 1 ha\ e my "二 but people art ■e concerned about me having a hab\ and Iihink if •. going to be easy if I --1 put my mind to it and not . Burning, smoldering charcoal war cries. Hatred brims upon what ashes remain of sanity. Enemies, we all are. Decisions...decisions, what have we done for them to hate us? We don't know. But they go mad in trying to answer. : "r. Bobbie Lynn Richardson. 二 ���Michael Conklin You cannot face the past That is why you live You cannot dream the fbture That is why you die You bring vourself to the present That is wh\・ there are emotions You cannot predict anything Ml、' is that? There is nothing you can do Why is that? It is destiny And destinx alone That is why You cannot face the past Because you live You cannot dream the future Because you die You bring yourself to the present Because there are emotions You cannot predict anything Why is that? ' It's because There is only time. 剥§ey Kn _____ ___ ——— This hatred lik^ a disease 1 could jecl it pulsing through me It was like poison rushing through my vein各 Just short of e killer, The ^motion wrapped its around mg npek I could jeel it leaving marks, Carving deep wounds not easily hidden paralyzing mg ability to forgive Overlaying me as casilg a wounded animal 房 preyed upon It took everything that real Svcrg thing that mat tercel to me leaving mq alone Pain throbbing within mg emptiness This haired had takjzn everything that hud iT?attqrcd I 酊id down the wall and 拆aw a glimpse o/ in lhe mirror I came to realize hatred had killed me I。牌 a^o I simplg finishing the job ����Dance parties on the first floor are ALWAYS a blast! The girls downstairs are AMAZING! The first dance party we had was when they were decorating their doors the night before Open Briana Lewis House. I remember Julia and Briana sitting on the floor in the hall putting streamers on their door while blasting N*Sync and The Backstreet Boys. Then I remember the girls coming out of Period 4 their rooms dancing and singing. 7-13-2309 Three weeks gone. Only three weeks left. I remember the first day just like it was yesterday. The look on their faces was priceless. They were all too scared to smile, but too nappy to get away from their parents for six weeks. As they walked into Evans Hall I could see that some of them might cause some problems in the beginning, but I was alright with that. On move in day 1 was just as scared or maybe even more scared than most of them. My first summer as a tutor/counselor also known as a T/C. What if they didn't like me? What if my team didn't:ike me? What activities would make my team meetings fun? All of these questions were Another great memory had to be the fire drill. This of course was the same night as the dance party, but it was still loads of fun. I remember when it was like two minutes before our actual curfew and T/C Beth and I decided to get the girls in their rooms a little early. Then we said a fake "Goodnight Ladies" and pushed them in their rooms. They were so confused as to what was going on. Then three minutes later BAM, the fire alarm goes off and panic mode begins. This was a great night mostly because of the hilarious stories that came out of this experience. Besides those memories of this.summer so far, I have many more, but too many to rur.ning through my head. share. So I think I will just recap some of them for you: Wednesday teacher meetings, I like l was a !in!e mad when I found out that I would have to be at Wilkes with the kids these because I can catch up on what all of the kids are doing in their classes, Lunch in the during my birthday, but they made it AWESOME! I was completely surprised when they brought cafeteria, this is ALWAYS the best meal of the day in there, Having the girls on the first floor put out the cake, u was a great birthday mostly because, this was the first time a surprise was ever my hair in a Mohawk, this was amazing mostly because we were considering putting Elmer's pulled on me. glue in my hair to help it stay up, Silent reading, I LOVE to read, and waking up to be at The day we went to the lov/ ropes course was pretty great as well. It all started when the kids were broken down into groups and T/C Mark and I decided we would help the kids that breakfast duty for 7:15 am, this was not so much fun, but what can I say there are just some things in life we have to do whether we want to or not. were at the spider web. So Mark and I helped lift the kids through the holes. When we were all So as you can see my first summer as a T/C has been pretty AWESOME so far and we only done there v.-e went over by ARD Sandy and Briana, our two injured ones for the day. Mark and got through three weeks. Three more to go and all of this will be just some memories in my I laid on the floor wishing we could go back to sleep. I remember all of the kids looking out at head that were once a wonderful reality. the sky saying "maybe we should get out here before we're caught in a bad storm". S。we gathered them all up and decided we would walk back. There were two problems in this logic though: we had both ARD Sandy and Briana with ankle injuries and the other problem was that, by the time we decided we would leave it had just began to rain catsand dogs outside. So, Whi，e T/CChri5 and T/CBe，h 晰ed with ARD Sandy and Briana while they waited for public safety to take them back to the dorms, the rest of us sprinted back to the dorms. ���Km is nctbing 3 〃ar buc the peE*比即白龙次曲曲々*必， Che pershCent refiisal Q 芯＜珀么 Che causes ot happgh，gs. -Oorot^Y People Avrid. Pccple awid. Zfif prcblcm magnifies, Like a f)aUcon cf air. Like a AaZJr必 of air、 It “勿 slowfy deflate. Sat, the Fear is sdl/ there, Sc people avdd jC Ihave fears, Ycu Aare fears, aJ7 do. Fear is usuaJ/v the victor, 一 Y o u BEC AU SE Y o方 u E M Y E V E R Y T H IN G 。 y o l t r e M Y B E S T F R -E N D A N D M Y W O R S T EN EM Y， M Y SHO ULDER T。 CRY W HEN W AS HURT PW O BAELY T H E 一 W H O W A S MAK ME CRY W H E T H E R一 FROM rA U G H T E R JU S T ALW AYS R E M E M B E R Y O LrR E MY EVERYDAY Pe*Ze Fear, B C T O N O T R ? (D z F E R cno z But 以岔 3Z2thjer person、 Fear is the loser... - Z G X r o < m Anonymous Thcznpson. Fear ��A Day That I Will Never Forget ""J OWiC 印如f's $o QMHoybtg. Keeping a promise witA tda Cove of yoM feionds- Laie July in the Poconos usually means hot. sunny 85 de­ gree weather. For NASCAR fans, it is when the NASCAR Winston Cup Series comes to the Pocono Raceway in Long Pond, Pennsylvania. Forme, it was my first NASCAR Winston Cup Se­ ries race c\ cr. The race was the Pennsylvania 500 on July 2” 2002. I was given tickets to the race. I was so excited to finally watch my first NASCAR race in person. The race starlcd around 1:40 eastern time. On the first lap. driver Rusty Wallace made contact w ith Sieve Park and sent him spinning, which also col­ lected Park's teainmate, Dale Eamhardl Jr. Steve Park and Junior made contact and slammed into the inside guard-rail on the Long Pond Straight, which connects tum one to tum two. Steve Park flipped many times, but walked out of the car with no injuries. Dale Earnhardt Jr. ran over lo find his teammate, but Park was ok. X A SCAR red-flagged the race to repair the inside guard-rail. The delay lasted an hour and a half. The race resumed around 3pm. On the 26th lap of the race, it started lo rain. So here I am. under the bleachers for an hour. The rain delay lasted two hours. The race did not resume until 5pm. Later on. it was announced that the racewo 、 … , ：ld be shortened from 200 laps to 175 laps because of darkness and more rain on the way. Pocono Raceway does docs not have any lights. 46-ycar old driver Bill Elliott for Evemham Moiyp;ns laps lo go in , . passed Steding~ Marlin with ■19/ 〜卜3 iv s" in the luC race to lake ih： victor}- I left early because I had enough. 1 will always remember that that day day II still still go go to to races races at at Pocono'and enjoy^he remember Pocono and enjoy the rac­ mg. ing. But, But July 28, 28,2002 2002 will be a day that I will never forget. ProHtiscs arc Htcanf to Gc Groben Gy my WitA tHe soCf re sped. friends, yok wiCC Hiwc forever. 叩biafjox, and aCso witd tdc Cove of youe fantidy. y。” can gof aHyt(lin()if yo伽 他sf try. Jh GoCicving in yot4rscCf cverytHiHg Happens for a reason, if it's just SbtnooM aHHoyin^. you 6。叩in$ a promisa or tdo Gove you Qct 眼/内 friends and famiCy. 7Ac gMg mspoct t&af you Have and tUc determination tHat 讪"pus^ you further in ^ife. U/ords 7 dwi'f。祯0 Jt s ^ard to see d。瑚 in yoM family ^Mowr/ie ^af ^CV ^ctc 施 tUcrc M。otHcr day.。叫W is 他« Me GcgiHHing Gut tdc Cove wiCC Qd yok f如B4C& 汁血・业 is W a word to yo to qo( tHruugii tdo peoOCcKts Had just Gccotnc. Love wilfi aOG your Cicart and see wRat yok cannot too. Slory by Kyle Magda By； CaGrika Renee "Jeh^iks :._；；> .'.reck ftom th: 2J)2 Pen； “初 canbeipund， «> YouTube ��DarlezE. The kittez. AND THE OLD LAD丫二 ON FEATHER STREET -MEOW" .. IX THE STATE OF (GIBSON A SMALL TOW N M()rrHER. rr is \ ery cold, the littij*:(;ikl w alks by and ]• I(；CKES SUE COl'LI) TAKE THE KITTEN TO V\ HERE E\ EK SHE OF ONLY 5.000 PEOPLE. TIIIC ('()R、】CR OF FELTER ST代. A I 1N))S SOMEW HERE T() STA'S . SHE WAS VERY EXCITED PO HAVE VERY Bl SY STREET AT NHiHT AND DAY IT W AS ONE IN Till： 'I II1S KITTEN BE( VI SE SHE WOI LD HAVE SOMEONE TO TALK TO MORNINC；. A COLD SNOWY DI STY XIGUT. CARS DKIVE BY AXD WHEN SHE FEELS LONELY AND SCARED. MIE \\ AS ALSO BAD THINGS ARE HAPPENING THAT SH()TL】)、'T BE. EXt'ITEl) BEC Al'SE TH1：Y HAD SOMETIIINC； IN COMMON. THERE IS A LITTLE GIRL HER NAME IS DA1H J-：NE. SHE IS AN ORPHAN AND TRIES TO FINU .X PLACE TH.VI' IS SATE AND ALTHOl CiH Till，： KITTEN WAS FRKHITENED. IT WAS WILLING TO (；() WITH DARLENK. DARI^ENE FOl'ND SOMEWHERE TO GO. SHE KI'l'TI，：'. WARM TO SLEEP. THERE IS A BOX IN AN ALLEY OFF FELT ER ALSO 1 OCX]) LEI-I ()\ ER BAX \XA SIJCKSTO I-EEl) STREET C ALLED RITE AVE. IT IS DARK BI T IT'S THE ONLY SHE LOVED THIS KITT" WITH ALL OF HER HEART. THEY (JOT PI.ACE SHE (OLLD KI ND. ONLY THE CLOTHES ON HER BACK \MTI1 IIOEES ANJ) rrEAKS IN THEM. SHE SIII \ E1>；S AND \L()、(； CKE.Vr. WII Eli J： E\ I Al DARLENE WENT THE KITTEN KOELOWEl). ONE DAY. THE SNOW STARTED TO MELT AND IT ( URLS IT TO KEEP WARM. THIS LITTLE GIRL HAS NO ONE AXI) SI AKTED TO GET WARM. DARLENE WAS EXCITED LIKE SHE IS \ ERY LONELY. THE NEXT DAY DARLENE SI£AR(,IIE1) FOR rooj). sill•: [si ALLY is AROl ND THIS TIME, she (iETS EX< TI I J) SE LOOKS E\ ERYWIII£RE SHE (X)I LD. THE Dl'MPSTEIi IS HER BEST SHE WON'T HAVE TO FRI2EZE IX THE MIDDLE OF THE NI(；HT AXD BET IX THE M()RNIN(； TIME. THIS IS WHERE PEOPI.E TAKE WILL HAVE EVEN MORE FOOD TO EAT. THEIR (iARI5A(iE. TODAY IS HER LI CKY DAY. FOR BREAKFAS T Lri'TEE Dll) SHE KNOW THAT THIS U AS (；<)IN(； TO BE SHE ^ AS ABEE TO HAVE A WHOLE ]JA(；EL. DIDN'T DO MICH Till•: BEST SPKINC； E\ ER： LICK WAS COMIN(； HER WA \ AND IT JiECAl SE SI IK I >OESN "f (；ET TOO Ml ( 'H 1- ()()])()、 A REG〔 LA， WASN'T STOFPIN(； rr \\ ,\s BASIS. Till-： 1JAYS (；() ON TWO DAYS LATER 411 ERE ]s A kitten ON TIIIC IN THE AFTER NOON DARLENl： AND IIEK KTI'TEN WERE WALKINti DOWN FEETER STREEJ' LIKE THEY IX) CONNER OF FELTEK STREI£T. THIS KITTEX \A AS LEFT AND ])\ILY, TR YING TO FIND SOME FOOD. AS SHE WAS W.\LKI'(； ABANDONED. DARLENE AND THIS KTl-rrv w… 1 I EX ARE SIMILAR THEY SHE SAW AX <)IJ)].AI)Y IIAVILN(； A HARD TIME('ia)^SlX(, THE BOTH ARE ORPHANS AND BOTH ARE S TREET. THE LADY ASKED DARLENE WHERE SHE LIVED SO THAT RY TI顷代 ����"La Computadoran por Krystc Henderson La Computadora Mi favorita tecnologia es la computadora. Me la gusta porque es conveniente y servicial en muchas formas. Generalmente, uso la computadora para escribir a mis amigos. Comoquiera que} a escuela uso la computadora No me gustan los libros. Me encanta la computadora. Me la ayuda con todo. Puedo hacer compras para ropa. Puedo encontrar articles de noticias. Puedo jugar a juegos en la compuiadora. Tuve un laptop. Ahora, tengo una computadora de escritorio. Lo recibi durante la Navidad. Tambien, Me enccntc "Myspace.' Puedo hablar con mis amigos. Es muy util. buscar informacion para proyectos y papeles para mis clases. En la red puedes encontrar mapas y direcciones. Tambien puedes encontrar nueva musica y dates muy interesantes. My favorite technology is the computer. I like it because it is convient and helpful in many ways. Generally, I use the computer to write to my friends. However, at 1 don't like books. I love the computer. 1+ helps me with everything. I am able to find everything. I can shop for clothes. I can find news articles. I can play games on the computer. I had a laptop. Now, I have a desktop. I received it for Christmas. Also, I love Myspace. I can talk with my friends it is very useful school I use the computer to search for information for projects and papers for my classes. Also you can find new music and interesting facts. 7 Lindsey Knepp ��“匾己on Que Tengo L& Compu宇adora” Ipod •«* Essence Gibson Me encanta eschuchar la musica. Me la calma. La musica me hace Querer a bailar. Me gusta cantar con las canciones. Yo casi siempre Io teng° conmiao. Todos mis canciones favoritas estan en mi "ipod . Lo uso mucho. Yq puedo usarlo cuando hago ejercicios. cuando estoy trabajando y rnucho mas (Me lo encanta' Mi "ipod" es el mejor. Fue un regalo desde mi madre. Yo lo recibi en el dia de la Navida. Yo estuve muy contenta cuando yo lo vi debajo del arbol. Le doy las gracias por el regalo cada dia Yo creo que todo el mundo debe comprarlo. Me gusfa Ja conpufddora porque hay nuchos esfa- blecamfienfos socaals de Ja Red- Por ejenp?o, 4，MyspaceM es un esfablecimienfo socml de 保 Red que es nuy popu Ur enfre genfe 翥 hablar y reneniorar los tempos vsejos y fienpos pasados- MySpace es ranbien un lugar para ns personahdad- Ofra nanera que ^Myspace^ es muy urHe s para cuando la genfe va a vacacsones o sc move de otroSo Enfonces, fod^via fu puedes hefeJec Pore so, esfoy reconiendo que fu conpres una compufadorao * ■H .、TI I !ove to i'sten to music. It calms me. The music makes me want to dance. I !ike to s:ng along with the songs. I almost always have it with me. All my favorite songs are on my ipod. I use it a lot. I can use it when I am exers sng. 7/orking. and much more. I love it! My ipod is the best. I got it as a g：二 mm rny mother. I relieved it on Christmas. I was very happy when I sssn •- jnds： n^sih ths t「oe. I thank her for the gift each day. I believe that everyone should by one. “Why『Have A Com户u¥e「" f Ijfee fhe conpufer because there are many social networks. For example, Myspace is a social network 辛he辛 is very popular for falfejng to people end renen必 mes. Myspace ss also a phee for my feermg vhe pasf 我 friends fo see my personalsfy. Another reason '、 -are on vaMyspace is very useful is for when peopk : able to falfeo cafion or they move avyay^ you are As a resuh I an reconnenclmg you fcuy a computer- -Deet^a §avoy �甘邮gm#树耆痕方节IL…wif 。……芯 Woll 2 mi telefono ceiular. Me gusta mi telefono celular -建二工""上「 !u!；，q «ut*1 % K #罢策瞄感孙 :脚流点路翌旅薰沼E洛景%'g •UUO3 1W porqje . 3 sierrpre esicv en. iando mensajes de texto. Sin mi celular no puedo 「三二宇 m mropj P', psop ii* in arr,：gcs. Yo nunca hablo por telefono yo solamente enviar ■■II ||川■、■] rJanM 4漩」 tex：os a mis amigos. Mi cetular es mi todo y no puedo funcionar sin Io. Yo amo m： relsfono celular. :. „ 庭 hard S笋w m】拓. >UliS, f • %服"^二叫广 诵"d：否 」。加)Thh] ' ,3?oJt in 啊2机JJ；， 加 ■Wan? 'nu vr— 您P 皿1虹心"“站 气 ^usc/ei ^Ploms c "二「「「WSW ； 赤渤w 摆，•淮m蛰 \ \ "购 .…— s„ 象" 嘛普 心 * 籍 争盐心 g; 、M；*牌， 搭您 “片 〉斜;敞* 。*、如：M abot Arning aa城 城q q 出gY。；妒 正)： \：#ming 呻Ml 出 —虹P必 s&ic .)<H，W "CfWOS""] ,',T 51J ].rj^TIC^Zn'On C； T 口睥气〃叩7/沥; 涉mte- af^ imap和明 W•:急《 。 \o? 1 •g >r ua〔的7”"凹, fi* 4尿 叩：b. •e pi宓时万 q bridt "：................... in their • ' ., 初e二 ， J9US|S3p 139 ' , jaa^isap lag . be c"' ? 01 ()"前四3 rj51 to by u, hem /? Uo4o»ejo -OJV OUUOAJ。 网，2 rV ouuoai o[j gWet" ： ： '^Pkill th，1ushed thl “"""Fing 冲二丁 3 , •Kjaunru joq^ *hoav 勺tiih c' St' 祐 -驾云 WUM新收gvk/血'&冲f竺如吃或 % fa.<or.：e technology is my cell phone. I like my cell phone because I'm r E笠 always sending xext messages. Without my cell phone I couldn't talk to my 燃w篇藉: -9 萨 piluiEi uv. 八d fungQ -»-a> 汩 iZonr叶,- *</£•,； '"^yuatrr n临血七3网2 加.At g 书％? g 毅 一3 、3衲侦y(iar比E小r 卢 vpa'Vle> 如1 traousl a, £永或 the \tcss 3-a _ go C 哄※*算y堂案舞:fg加q，m 、孔""—§：；¥="「：，」* 一七即冲小七%,、、 M 竣辫略洛 :B . treadA 0,•见” _ 心％K广成58临0。微妍^^&亨肿喘7怨葛'S：气£ ；姬如 U.S. Jnd.if^< U.S.々d. i侦 nt 贝] ■se a^e( .a E1睥 fbunjB , A 3 心募砂 i^ny? w^'-J 3 夕5 ar?U{}reat- , m。伽冲：；答 yy 吃。:虫网 M"〃户”。，，“'？"", - T '.•.ithout it 1 couldn't function. I love my cell phone. Krisia Hollouay j^^w/ier — 即e(l" •<3 ,[/"冲 friends. I never talk on the phone I only text my friends. My cell is everything W" V Sf.. uuv j .工*二“,*"「""「？:壬 相 Problcnje rehvh。曜此&护毗'饥，£ ⑶,". r f皿盘甘；5徉57伶好“，•*燃 Mcka crccrag* progress^ 溢就膘轻盗y%殍智2 点 %标d Moke J WK强峪展W室小*"•， ■ iM 七 aW 如驴一, he 奇5 ^.anua •derstatile * tw( 仔知 '''"W 'di firw X the，nasi < )for ] 临&( 忡 adul& 如? a ^61 r，s th fS —:至豪 壬「「三敬愁"¥ ���������初by . C^n you th危扇by picture to th忠 0， senior? ��������Pretty as a picture. Bobbie Lynn Richardson. A pictures worth a thousand words. That's what they always say. But not inside this darling home, at least not today. They ducked into the silence. Freezing words they cannot speak. A thunder crash, a lightning strike. Inside-safety. The light bulbs burs： and fizzle. No light can touch this abyss, A flicker? A sound? Piease be footsteps! Please! A shadow? Oh a girl...l hope. A flaming gaze. A burning hole. We scream. Brimstone at our feet. Run, run. Don't look back. A mantle piece? A photograph... . No a painting? The demons eyes piercing into the soul. The/re watching me! Scream!!! A grip of jagged nails into the skin. Ripping into the blood stream. 'Help me! Help me!' no one's there. A hissing, cold breathe on your neck. Nothingness, no more emptiness. :This is my field of dreams But now it's back to reality My memories are returning ' My head is spinning I，Each moment is like deja vu It's not possible to forget you :I'm discovering that this wont end But it needs to 'cause you're stressing me out :It's over again ；Crack! My heart just broke :Smash! My hopes and dreams fell ■ Are you satisfied yet? ； Are you trying to make my life a living hell? i How do you live with yourself? i Trying to hide the truth ；And speaking all those lies Karma is going to jump up and bite your a For what you said to me over the phone No echoes n the hs!l. A picture on the mantel piece. Now no one's there at all. Michelle Frazier �l omier head f the police department, he lived happily with his young wife and two beautiful daughters. Bui lhe\ were gone now. taken away by the \va\e of death and violence. 1 lc ground his leuth: no one could see him as weak. •- ::.一 ,■-- Azania Harmony I'homas led the search back towards their safe house. She was a small ■:二:上 ihe feei c fihis plaw any less abrasive. Cold and dustx ebons skinned girl, never married. A kindergarten teacher for a local school only taught three 二二二 土土 >.••* seer: . fdeaih drined efibrtlessh into lhe small building. Many of months beibre the war. I lc gave her sympaihy but nol pity lhat was lhe last thing anyone here 二二：■上二二乙…一 3S2 让己；'ew ±at weren't had been either boarded up or ^crc needed. Behind her two big men carried bundles. Curious he ventured towards lheni to ::"二rf: the sjnie since ihe nuclear v.ar. As the fbw survivors sal 匕二二4八：-=一 -si mskeshiri fires uying to keep warm a bellowing wind caught lheir 二h二二 二-Ejr. i 二：•••:he :「二二上 二士二：7 •±=. ofihe end would have been in 2012. but b\ 2019. the end —.1 ±e emanaic threai had passed. The tear however still loomed over investigate, “George. Anthony! Whal've you got there?" he ordered in a calm respective tone that people really responded Well to. One highlight of his former job. "Couple ol kids. George sighed as .Anthony finished his thought, -round'em rummaging among the wreck.” Romeo gave a nodded an allowed them entrance. He'd look in on them laiur on. For now the moonlighl almost gave the illusion that everything was calm. I mil you saw lhe junk pile lhat was once the CeaJ Garden of Eden. Eiffel tower. Now a broken. Misled melal deathtrap. Destroyed during lhe Hrsl leu days of 二二e\ enihing. From pizza parlors v.crc people look for grained bombing. Lheir 出 es w}. AH terminated imo nothingness, ashes or reminders of lb三：css：- :i；e. 二三：r 二，':-\ I could really control life, and lhal kind of greed is whal destrox ed Azania waited at the door: she planned to keep noted on what had been discovered. And would lhen carl' in the morning accompanx Romeo on his early morning search. Into lhe ihsn. oblivion searching hopefull、to lind relief and regain security. An untouchable dream kept alixe young man stood watch over their small shelter. Covered in hea lali. 二二侦？二 r-survivors had left him exbausied. And h\ this lime of niehl lhe £- •*•：、上n - B 河】or. almost in a way waxx. Though he was nol ill. he felt tear and pain for hi< fciio'A man. on|y by the sight of those two children now being cleaned in wash bins. \ \oung blonde haired girl with huge cnstal blue eyes tried not lo cry as her cuts and hrui心 vsere dressed. She was onh about six. Poor soul. Her clothes were ripped and dirty. and a yellow teddy bear was worn with love and fear, always close by her. -；- -一'■ ' -• - 5 ■ - hiseses. And b; no«. he trah dian'i care —•、5i5 team。沁，g had been >en. out hours -' 一…"Emm加 Eds. F5 5 running I。、、and lhe men. women and children here were depending on him Fcr support and leadership. -l he sg)nd child a black haired young man about eigiit with sharp curb and happs brown eyes clutched a small lealher bound book, with a small blue wax seal. He screamed whenever anyone got near him. Was it fear, or something more? -| ley. kid stop screaming your-scarin<2 people!" one of lhe men prolcstcd wilh frusiralion in his voice, all Romeo had to do was eive him a stem glare and this matiercd was sell led. ring skills would me more u>eful in this situation. And he .searched the Azania with her child rearing �，-.- - ' 、- .. 、、 --- ■ somewhere. She was an oddball always 二，the ?ther>. Bui she v%j< u<ctul...ihat's all that mattered. -Renr.: Where ihc hell are you now!?- his sharp lone echoed through the small building reeded :? be per>uaded somehow to give up his screams ot lerror and aliens c： This :;，二 iLz 己r.z-M b工「bin: c 8： 3、= seconds to ec-.~ .A voice came from behind him cutting him oil —Rznv. ： '■» mid 二:二匚二"Sorr}. I :二二己-、rcers. exp ioring.'* She grinned a wide Cheshire cal smile and awaited eared his throai and pointed to the boy silling helplessly in a comer. paused as if wailed ibr something. “And noJ didn't take the book from him" Romeo let oui a long exaggerated sighed, he wivs annoyed. Any family to speak of? "No, he lived with an older brother. Well...you knowAnd he did know, he knew far too well what bad happened. "Well, thank you for your help: I'll see what I cun do for him now."' He approached the boy warily: he uas arsleep or al least looked it. And he knew he wouldn t gel many chances to steal away this book, the reason for the bo)*s terror. It sat loosely in the boy *s left hand the slightest touch would knock it off onto lhe linoleum lloors. lie took his opening and snatched the small brovsn leather book. -Cu \l c him a lock o\er. he won't stop screaming long enough !br us to tell if he"s -.■-id 21 all." l?.r. yre smiri. >eemed io widen as he spoke to her. And her grex eyes br：—i:enec w】土 Hou know someiinies in limes of crisis, children have been known to prirr^' ：n>iincts "Year.:心土 c hi； simive. sometimes e\en kill-." *"Rem)..." he caused her U)stop her Remone Hawthorn al your service " Her \oice dripped with sarcasm as .r shj r.*v.ej q her e\es and pushed her short brown hair behind her ears. "Just eo!*' arc.二：.：■( ns as she followed orders. Rome. / -< ..niched confused by this boy. He allowed them to treat him and check tor r^ _lerr.>- Neu ibis ihecr. .;心 screamed when the〉tried to grab the book from him. R^mv had proved -：jn：piin2 many limes to snaich it Irom him. with no luck. The inn cd edges of the hooked showed iis age. and the binding tore and fell apart halfw a\ down il's spine. !t had been fastened shut with a vcllou piece of yarn. Curiosity wu?. gcltinu the best of him he flipped it back and tbnh contcmplaiing ii he should dare read its conlents. finally he slowh untied it. Un the inner cover uas a small hand written quote "When the rich wage war. it's ihu poor who die.' He tliought it over: he understood this more than anyone else here. I lipping through its pages were photos of a young man in an arms uniibmi. a lamih together tor a cook out. and a small set of army dog tags. He snapped it shut. No more memories. He had no right in this boy's book. lie settled it back doun onio the floor next to the young boy. Romeo left him io gather his strength and rest for the night • Azar.L一二 旧一冬「m the onh one here good with kids" she sighed but mox ed from him in a confident aj>. Maybe she could reveal this young man's terrors? And now he was CLfi'-iLh- ihju: ih： ' —、：，；. that he heid so dear. .As he walked awa\ lie slopped turned on his heel and snatched up the book once mure, he Hipped open the cover and pulled a blue pen from his back pocket. Why he did lhe following I. your narrator do not lull} understand myself. He closed his eyes thought fully... v-.r.rn^n ye岫 ur-.心也$方 availed any breakthroughs with this bov. And while he waited he thinking...deciding. Moments later he quickly scribbled down Irantic words, hopeful!} this box health：, and had ibund herself attached to a iuJ I；，、： hur juung * 山 of about the same age. She played happily with her small rear, and ii reminded him off his own Io、i family...he ignored the memories would understand 3 dK building. 5 : :、Eg5】Ehin】 near lhe entrance dig! and frightened of whafs going to happen now - She !le slow ], slid the book back into its owner's hands once again, than he skulked away in a philosophical mood. Remembering the horrific weeks they had lived through and his uritings of a m讪nan... his quote read as follows. 'My past is wisdom louse today, myl^ure is wisdom »ot yet experienced, be in lhe present because that i、where life reside,； ����Dorm Life '"be Coffee House T/C MakeOver Team Facebook 3-D Art 1 st place- Team Twitter 2nd placeTeam Myspace 3rd Place- Team Youtube Poor Dec。什a ion Contest Team Huses . & S A M ���Awiesretphs Q 手 . 右\ '〜 0 ' K (Axpm2 e「c ―yo gl j 2\泌\、y\y <5uK \|CM Jj \p_x・、 。《 皿W-牛色 \Y.. 矛〜 2 一 m&\何. 炊e \Ca much'. 铲、u ..c..T.- ' 笠 ctem 5匕 Efi， 仙 CLUU^X^JJ.. Q ^■QjIha. i 界以• gu-MwA . U4 l kjL?%^ 25^L 、 JV^ 网 "=! V , C^>r<J2^L^tAjLA-(S> PLM. •A> ovftv. CtvgkxL-i> zUftT &AG L C2OI)刎，Nll * W(Z-S C\8 M妙N\ 1\OU . « ^A)b题 %g 洲心" Cck, He-〉工卜 gk\c\ c^Ou s—<-K 5、V)eg ep< >C ct<A \ 5 b &a 圮 耳】\> S sfWY» C f \ q •； fZE Q qet c v/ c：y 心 ~々‘W> u< e U | ����� Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Upward Bound Lit Journals, 1981-2016 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Provost's Office Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1981-2016 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource PDF Type The nature or genre of the resource Journal Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Upward Bound Lit Journals 2009 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Provost's Office Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2009 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource PDF Type The nature or genre of the resource Journal https://omeka.wilkes.edu/omeka/files/original/0a4078b8db54534c0209c02488901518.pdf cce7a5db32c3e1169bf2cb3f22589adb PDF Text Text �Heroes come in all shapes and sizes, but what does it mean to be a hero? Do you have to wear a cape? Must one have extraordinary abilities? Is it necessary to have more than one identity? How about having a special hero name? Well, when you think about it, many of these are trick questions. Look very closely at the person sitting next to you. If you were io truly get to know them, you would recognize that they have some extraordinary ability. It may be untapped presently, but it is there. Additionally, we all have more than one identity. Wc arc sons, daughters, brothers, sisters, students, employees, friends, and foes just to name a few. I think that it is interesting that the individuals who look up to us most or to whom we revere, often have special hero names that only they share with each other. The truth of the matter is that heroes surround ns, and each of us has our own definition of the word hero because we all have individual needs, and heroes do after all rake care of our most urgent needs. Another point to consider is that our needs change as we mature, so an individual who we may think of as a hero now, would perhaps not have been considered such when wc were young children and vice versa. This summer, you have all worked together on teams that had superhero identities. I would like to tell you the story of how that theme came to be. While training our group of TCs, I recognized that they were indeed one of the most diversely talented group of team leaders that I had ever had the opportunity to bring together. I was very honest in telling them that they were like my team of superheroes. On most days, you will find that they do not wear their capes, although we all have witnessed sightings. They arc ordinary people like you and me, but they all don a special hero name that begins with TC, RD, or ARD. They definitely have extraordinary abilities....each one possessing a power of his or her OWn. However, one power that they all share is that they have had the amazing ability create teams of superheroes by helping to tap into the extraordinary abilities of each team member. Just like any skill, superpowers must be honed with time and effort. This summer is just the beginning. Take the seeds that you have sewn tliis summer, and give them all the nutrients necessary to grow io greatness. As you grow in greatness, search for opportunities to share your spark, and then you will be the hero. Thank you for all of the talents and treasures that you have shared with us this summer. I look forward to seeing extraordinary things from each of you in the future. �A SPECIAL THANK YOU Coonlinalg Mrs. Espada Mr. Ripa Mrs. Mason Mr>. Osrmm rK Sarah Uoyd AR.D. Sand、Sismmk TCs Dax e Leivis Man Beih Xeid Ciiris Kudrack Mark Congdon Jess Alaimo Faculty Mr. “Awesome" Blaum Mrs. Cavalari Ms. Fedor Ms. Fenantino Mrs. Glennon Mr. Hromisin Mr. Koinorek Ms. Krushnowski Ms. Lloyd Ms. Petrosky Mrs. PoiYucek Mr. Shinko Mr. Stoker Mrs. Thainai'us Mrs. Visneski Lit Mag Staff ■ Bnuaiiy Carey, Ryan Cherkauskas, Maxine Fabrizio, .Ymajida I riMjulis, Marissa George, Amber Holoman, Je：EcaKipa, James I-arnan a, Bradley McKitish, China Morningstar, \ jdoria Pando, Corey PeduUa, Trenaya Reid, & \1s. Krushiiowski 只“ 一 1 > 初e 旅 Cwe疏绍孕必绍伽梁 义阿 衍 1 印游密站疚令，谖侃以 弊玖 伽 伯角移 &wi aaut owt ohm act网 g �UPWARD BOUND SUMMER POLLS! Teacher's Pet- Maureen Suydam and Brandon Baker TC's Pet- Sam Early, Amber Hoioman, and Brandon Baker Best Dressed- Siomara Amigon and Corey PeduIIa Most Likely to Succeed- Jessica Oliveri, Kate Willis, and Corey Nicest Smile- Kayla Samsell and Andrew Harrison PeduIIa Nicest Eyes- Erin Provenzano and Brad McKitish Best Hair- Kayla Samsell and Andrew Harrison Most UB Spirit- Maureen Suydam and Brandon Baker Most Likely to Become TC's- Marie Cary and Brandon Baker Shortest- Brittany Carey and Mustapha Conteh Tallest- Sierra Hairston and Ryan Cherkauskas W Most Talkative Maureen Suydam and James Lamarca Quietest- Catherine Qui and Corey PeduIIa Mosi Athletic- Jessica Kipa, Jessica Baker, and Brad McKitish Most Arristic- Shelby V/ildoner and Andrew Harrison Best Personality- Paige Rogers, Shawn Hadley, and James Lamarca Biggesr Flirts- Kayia Otero and Brandon Baker Cutest Couple- Jessica Baker and Brad McKitish Best Friends- Lynn Aguiar and Siomara Amigon； Brandon Baker and Kyle Magda 子 Class Clowns- Paige Rogers and Mustapha Conteh "I �u, v/ /zzytze Positive Wonderful ^LftickCate Ridicdous' Dedicated Beastly Outrageous UtnITED Naugfcfy Dynamic �Ou。：…二为 || "七 L、 V3， LSJ 8 o 1 -Ox^c?iy<U) tv ”-- L ■ w w - 心：、n ( s , 注." I幻 * 2> ���C/uk hwJ-叫 攸 2 imo(CWj WYJ), \ Th。Inc^r^diblfZSl This ingdiblc parrfamily has to bz 伽 most tal^d 邻p“Uo family in th^ history offQmilifzs §ap^hfTO offQmilifzs With with sup^rh^ro sup?呼 pok'jzrsl ThHr powfn's rangefrom being sap^r stretchy to incredibly strong, strong with some others cool powers thrown in too, of thos^ would be running uCdward Cullen fdst and creating s fore^fi^ld. Mr. IgMible is the one with th(z incr^dibl^ strength. Thpr^s og thing, and on(z thing only, that hz Mnts to do: 8nd that one thing is to §球 the world! What superb(zro doEt v/anf that?! eiasti^irl is Mr. Incredible's super strfitehg Wif(z. Shf^is ihg mother to the three other superhero饵 that will soon be m^ntion^d. ClGStigirl was famous bg成 she marred Mr. Incr^dibl^ with h(^r strdtehimiss and whatnot. is the cldfzst of the th* children of thep-rr jamilg. us^d to bz a tfZfznag^girl that didn't want to be noticed, she always kept hz hair in front ojhcrjacc.、tiowever, one^ she learned that shd is a power加1jorczjigldsummoning girl, shz came outfrom behind hfzr hair and let hszrs^lf be known. 训,also known as 0昭h, liv饵 up to his name 侦 one point in timj 伽sh didn't understand wbg 加 船§ a bus fall of cn沱g that needed to be released. Of course the dag cam。w/j® he disc。阿cd whg his nam^ is what it is. Ifgou didn'tfigur^ it out gcL ^Qsh is the on^ that is Edward Cullen" fast! Jock-Jock is the babg of th^ parrfamily, Ut(zrallg! tic is the cut^ little bbbg with a hom of hair that has powers that ar(z unknown to oil. Watch out... who knows what this babg can do! H时&甘,£平以d% < 灿血血丫一|)协『P J j i检 / ‘• ° ,. ) �y~(o(oiYian 蝴 ％ 20(0 Class 1 Composition The World Around You 30 Aqyou see hn^eninj nrouni(\)ou in a puGGc square? 9 (uweseen venj interesting things, with sweet anddiffer smeds. nolftinj is complete z" wilfiout "r 'sound.''' 9 hsr (oiu(.and r r rsoft r,sount^r everywde here (ladnever There were< erotic fruits 9 had neverseen before. before. 必当 T她 foo^f.quite odd.隔血 而血purple moM smooth e^fifanb. e^fjianb. W (east _ one recojnizultf)egg-$tripu(watermelon. _ _ ' ' * ‘ There were even different(ifanb. Ti^ere ere were so man manyj colorful '' combinations of(lowers, wild patterns (jofil.anc(wsR One was darwin 血 middle ofthe ffower, ffien lightg sfuideJ into a viofd andsoft(link. 'Peopfe ijuic^ startedtohour pourin in from from nowlierc, nowftere, 岫吧 fa如g over overthe 血 once once er empg phee. ' Kc而 storiedto e. Some were venjuouna ； others very o0andothen in between. (jetween. 9 wassoon soon cdistractedly dotfiersin 9 was / the sig “ fd ofMiaousfrozen tashj. The drink 如& inviting. cdocotafe tiananm. j州血 wonderfu([ooi(/oo^fso , , “ 9f was a ueiy - Hot morning so (lie ice qH 雨 wouldGe e^frenie^ 赫电hig There were a(so sfiin^jewelnj here andthere, spurring as the sun s light Gurniufdown on them, lUiff) the 明htofci, dose wonderfulthings, ako c^mesome inviting miefls. Some of fruit (oo^dw i(c(icioiB. The strawberries snieffedso sweetandinviting. Tlie scent ofa-f}inca()l)f& was a^o sweet, ^utfiadafiintof 'r-fowers dancedin the wind,础ng if cany their widfsniefU. 9 sour. Then L j noses 以 eto a wiftf, ^eautifufscent, . -J turnedniu (ieac((oaeta better whiff, hut it was not wdat 9 was (ookjnj for. 91 was nw伽y mij ()e(hjgrowl. -， " ， r ， 一, . ， > ♦/ r r f » r f frr r Some „ smells rr almost r r/anibur(jers cjrilM.to fierfection and丸眼呼 too. (f)e [ooc(~came tiring ofad^jnds. veef, (jitter, wifd.sathj, and asf 9— wad^Aaroimdthe hencf(Here were swe made nie sneeze, [orsome oddreason.i. Nefd,— — ▼------… …:----' " other differentnne^. There were cancffesforsafi in a([.(qntG ofvarietie. The zoom, zoom, zoom of rssoutidul,as iftfiiy wantedto race. The people ofaddifferenf &认(istened 〜 ' around, (umging ' ' ‘ orfami^j. -ernamsandclacG out with (Heir friends Some . io at.handnfav. Some werejust wafkjnj fincj their to listen to ilieir (qds ' '血 ' (oudancihave ' " '' fun. : Kr 9 ~ stopped t 一 GircGsing, ’「’ L the " wind.Gkw through rny ~ 【sir. were,e i(etfinj Reaves on the trees moved.as ifto dance to 血 songs ofthewonderfuf()iri(s. 9 tumeJto face (He wind. Haucjhter qtdc知 formedin front of e. Otwas my friendseffing rca(l\j fojo. K $adHgh slowly came from me asOwafl^eJ ，二 over. Heaving, {fiesotmc^ ofthe worldaroundn壮 Mw。[adu{. Tf\e sweetsounds disapfieareilwif/t “呼弑 c. Smeds oftfioiaanth of rent varie&a vanisbuf. "B,utis complete withoutsig任 So matnj menwrahfe things 9 (w(sun. Tdejewedy with theirsliinij cofors wns the nwft memorable ofa(I. �Andrew Hzizison Ms. Krushnowski C 3zznurdcaiions U" Xwfer 7/ofo用曲 童*MM滤溜S篇需路 nts of pain oui of your own piercinj g^ing i • rznthr \. Iwzke •: □bs^xl : would brinzni. wan心:' ±3 EZ>. ■ &0. New Name 3 unties ^noo., 华伤,5 泌枷 if My* Tvftii --------- 、•.一----------- - nne Mv brother Mark did / - ' -• .•■,>? , -■；eremgs ercinss anu and I1 felt icn the tuc desire uvouv tp 十 get ui*w, j . -，，was txveive ±e desire grew stronger knowing tnat hewas , ；ent on after the idea of getting my lip or eyebrow pierced •；； piercea .‘ "ally he said yes. Knowing that my motlier would disapprove, ■ up to him. After •- all •• •he did 、, • say -------..* there were two •~ ?■ idea yes, j but new name emitn? parents do too hecaus: itispaHofnnf Japanese culture. TR history GWindmy n冲、rMdaw 9 recsiveJ if is 吧 interesting. 9 otm^j name from ny Qreat Qrandrnoifur. Sdc was from Japan. TUden 9 w^ounj, about one, 9 ask my and he said he ugh Firsx — with .. .it.：.二 …off he made tme 二匕二 ， mom ----surprised she____ unwillingly yes. I persuaded her by £_r.l„_„ ,二二.said ••一 ， I • • * — a_—— a ast they can heal. The second obst was fear. Although [I time, it was my nist needle in and out of my face before so I 二： ::乱 H 二 n(iu瞥s (ovuftdssnow. 7*0 fatfisr v)ov(d\板板.me i{ag-s【u^ing M血 time. 9 g阿 waniscfto^o 忘c知aH «5b rq first namz means "ig-snowt Mf (astr,^mc corns from mif fat/isr. %而 msns "winter'. 7^ow, wy n?以^ name - that's asfuiy, me music to take my mind of it. I could dot stand the ce as much as I wanted it done it was a very scary thing. ■ -, waiting for his arrival. ™ t, anxiously Though 'he- was two finally I asked him to hurry because I didn*t think I would out 9 am fia([Japanm Heeause ofmy faflier.加 is TVRits Caucasian andfrmy 只加如,which is wHsre 9 five.巧 nwtfi&r, wfio ir Japanese, dots not wantme io (ose 勿阡哄 culfurs and.(ieritaje, Sde iait^fttrinjpeo^e'j (anatase to me andit das a very intsrestinj fiinory. 9 (earned.fiow aR血ir names fiave a meaning. 9 &ow a lot ofmij friend in mi* scftcof； oui yon moved 二 ihen I said " No I didn't I had no clue you even starte. 迦 冲腴 nun at all so s= ±e blood poured dovm my face, I felt accomplished. Al >； piercsd as planned, the fact dial I actually went through with it gave m.e . ■: . C：t-c(s ~ —ril" Trre —*r> rinxzA it m Amad wp z.、..U it piercea pierced we v/aiiea v/aited until until mv eygSMto 闻mbkiidnig五j®aie_Ll 饵 Since I snll wanted tc have n umu my i-iokr nghi mr.iKS-ixi" eyeiKoxv^ppMbkedmg4n ：picrce- die ivUloj lefi one. Ccnssquenib', this one did hun more, but the clamp squeezing my face hurt worse than the needle going thro 遂， 籍unting the messed up up one on my other eyebrow The s A,; * •: every chance I could. I was so proud of myself for actua j eople noticed it. I thought it was because it fit me very well. =二 s《not the pain, but the fear. Og g with，矽 fatfitr. One oftfis 何swas in training and.tried(ago after a htre. her Nrti. So ffmi's now 9 otmy fuRtifune - "Miju "Mai 华疳, I -' ifshort 9 was s(u(fe『dovm 展夕 hi，Tftah咿f 9 was racut/.6y a purs 3施 OUofFvjifh ig 血 e^u.巧jreaf Girancfmot^er caRuf ■:宇 •. 5' : roczis . —芯一;：. — . S? <：：!!! :he-, he ting walked through the doorway >\at it bsfbre. zz less: msi's how it felt for me. He got his equipment ready fas )ps to hold onij the ch己 tizie fcr ±e picr±ig everything seemed so fast. I ran back and for his resdle looksi like it was as thick as straw and the alcohol pads ； Not.- £51:bought ±s decision was up to me whether I wanted my eyebr e pkyccdor my lip, but what x Kut ImniTin 4- * tc nzy was ihs feet the he hasn't had any experience doing li； I、:g genins my ej^ebrov.* done . Finally, the rime had come, the moment thatsame nms. So. as I sax ±ers awaiting for the puncturing of my flesh, the the medal clamp on my eyebrow and asked the feared question “ Are yo ieli mere znc niare pressure on my face and with loud amplitude from h >； 2斌 ack M fdein• nnr^a niean nothing. TfisirparcntsjiBt vtar.tsAtfieir names ito 6s plain. So in ihs end1 ) am vetyg诚io have a Japanese name. Mo tfie wonderfufsiories GJiin/each (wthj orn inlsresl me. 9t vjos veiy amazing to me tnat 9 £3呢 two different cufiures and,disioriex. 9 miatjo novj. ""L. 一一 %u canjusi ca([\ms Nai. % is prcnsmcs/(海为奶,the mcm&. 9 的 wfienyou (avs a minute, stop ia wonder： wfisrz didxjour name corm frorrJ 7 * 研 for listening, and, ��J 仲 T 5 P a p 3 G ? n p " O 3 P 3 ；Bacon?' ��户…二 This letter is dedicated ro the faculty of Upward Bound. M Thank you so, so much for everything you have done for us, us being the students of UB. We are so happy 1 … that 】 you have taken some time away from your summer to help us with our education. Ir rakes a lot of strength and courage of mgn high scnooi school sruaenis: srudems! warn io help a bunch oi We really appreciate the facr that you made UB not srraighr srraighr up school work work. All of the 湖m activities arc awesome, even ream sports minus all of the injuries! Thank you for forcing us to come one summer during our tkne program. If it weren5t forthat, most of time here with die , i 1 1 1 1 . L __________ 1_______ 『L：____ us 1would no doubt be sitting on 一rhe couch warching_ US television while stuffing our faces with cheese curls! And doifi worry, even tliough we all hate the waking ' four '-morning academic up early in the morning and' the being- here! chsses, that doesn5t mean that f we hate ， Again, thank you so much for eveiything you have done for us so far because we all know dial you will be there for every step for the rest of our high school career. Jessica Kipa and the rest of the Upward Bound Students! ���3 □I ■ » 以.，《伊"Lu-嫉* ,切&〔，"•»./ 5 节jnqvy, 3呼& euel^pie mgk4me心护 如用孑ggfq俊"3患gg或 应Eji. £ £we 4欢心人件从4以86.小3痂赤（16仲以&迫小£ eAstAMt建'习扣1去。 时*■展…&丈疝^¥ 如Ye疝以A妫册eAs34. §展如必^成驾见。杠&Ye<i^AYe他秘, 站以^乍尊f«g以加《攻嘻 g4le. 1】从祯£eA，'伊秋-^•e£Vt^ sp 4&^4 ,Cr-伸y 辰以,Ai*4 -a. •uK>xJi &e ^i. Ng,时¥ tW'4 s V^M.. g m 俨M 矿俨,N呵大 S 伸^ 由雄 4vp <iA^n{忏V^tL^g, s[ 40 "N *eec g_LW Wo 呼围e "ce &Mk %"UtUg U」"dAA/ng J fo 勿 俨也站以心.咿s / gle岬风如怆九疝e伊sgeA如As必吧 %ts耕扑此 瑚gA. 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I! i I 1 •s �Kyle Magda Paine Rogers Composition Composition 14 July 2010 Fanner's Market There is nothing better to do on a Thursday in Northeastern Pennsylvania than spending: Wiikes^Barre*7pubiic*Square. There are many sights and sounch day at the Fanner's Market at —~~a----and things to do. The fhnner's market consists of many things. Vendors sell food and produce, people talk and listen to the band, and everyone enjoys the weather. __ vendors ____ :二一 22fruits J and' vegetables -----First, sell food and produce. 7Fresh areavailable. More food can also be purchased. The smell of sandwiches and frozen treats glide through the air. Sneaky vendors try to convince buyers to purchase their products. Candy satisfies a person's sweet tooth. Next, people talk and listen to the band. Bosses, co-workers, students, friends, and femily all have a good time roaming the Public Square ofWilkes-Barre. Many people just go to grab a bite to eat or talk with friends. Bands rock out on the stage. They try their best to show what they have in the rock and roll world. Many people who woric in the area come during their lunch break. Finally, everyone enjoys the weather. The fanner^ market runs from June through November. The weather ranges from excessive heat to falling leaves. It is not run in the winter due to freezing temperatures and a chance of snow. Just pray that the weather does not result in blinding downpour. The weather plays a big factor during the Farmer's Market. If a person decides to go to the Fanner's Market, plan accordingly to the weather. There are many sights and sounds and things to do at the Fanner's Market at WilkesBarre's Public Square. Vendors sell food and produce, people talk and listen to the band, and everyone enjoys the weather. The fanner's market runs from June through November. But, for many citizens, bosses, co-workers, students, and families, there is nothing better than spending a Thursday at the Fanner's .Market at Wilkes-Barre's Public Square in Northeastern Pennsylvania. Wilkes-Barre 曰 AEcwanE, Wa-V for Gsncr-aticn L'' 2Gener®/on '； tohtlp G； *.. 零.二二 5 PM些土 " Wliafs better than getting ail five of your senses tickled? Well, at the Furmcr's Market, that happens. From smelling and tasting the greasesaturated fuuds and the finest Cuban Cigars to seeing and hearing music and t)ands lo reeling Hie ^et heat - the farmer's Market has it all. grease wafts through the normally fresh air, il draws a huge crowd. It let's everybody know that the Farmer's Market is in town. Then the pungent smell of cigars near bracelet stands cuts through the delicious air like a knife. Once your nose becomes adjusted to the grease and cigars, the smell of food fills youi1 nostrils and nothing else seems to matter. The scent practically Iifl5 you off your feel and carries you to y(iur stand of ehojee. Hillside Farms, with their truck painted to match the skin ol the finest dairy cow, lets you know that their ice ci cuni is the best thins »ruun(I. Or. maybe you're dr；n\n to that local Gyro shop. Fresh iamb roasting inside, pushl哗 its scent above all the rest. Your nose svilf J(»cale at least one stand for you. \ our muuth waters as you brin<> that lamb gyr(» up lu your slightly parted lips. Flavor explodes all o\er your taste buds as you take your first nibble. Your bites get bigger as the animalistic behavior takes over, forcing you to consume each anil every last bite. It doesn't even matter to you that your stonincli might explode. All that matters is that delicious taste that lingers, leaving you weeping for more. After your fine meal, your ears perk to the sound of the band tuning up. Music is about to begin. A small crowd makes its way to the area in front of the stage and you've been caught in the masses. It's not long till your body is moving to tlie beat and you've become a part of the pulsing group, dancing to the beat. You're too distracted by the beautiful music blasting through speakers to care about how sticky and thick the air is. Thanks to this, you're drenched and you've barely even begun to sway to the music. Soon enough, you're tired, ankles well over swollen and you can feel the throb. Your shirt sticks to your damp body, mimicking your hair to your head. Dancing and humidity should probably never mix, but you did it anyways. You feel a Ioh rumble in your stomach, hungry again thanks to all the energy given away in the process of dancing. Now it's time to go home. You get into your car, maybe a bus, and go home. Maybe you go to sleep. Your dreams are filled with the thoughts of the day. The feelings, smells, tastes, sights and sounds - The Farmer's Market; it is the place to be. �A D角v ai 如 When I goto Citizens5 Bank Park There is the smell of hot dogs. But when xhe New York Mets fan shows up, The dogs start to bark. A winning day in Philly Is quite filling. The thoughts of winning Dances in everyone's heads. But when the home tesm loses, It makes everyone feel dead. A winning day in Philly Is quiie filling. The dash for the home run ball Is like a war, Bui all Fm worried about Is the score. A winning day in Philly Is quite filling. A blown save is Brad Lidge's worst fear. When Lidge comes in, Ifs a win, win, win. A winning day in Philly Is quite filling. By: Kyle Magda �Pedulla 1 三二•二二二 3'- 二一' =心 6 Q *云 wakened from her se淑'* 二starred io ham M and destro}" 一- F 三.二^二匚二 三二三 * an a"*。 —.一” kids around tne mw her --vcrli, she sen:。三 5 n^gic rings to young me rings:rep-esemsd 】—-- crural elements of the world earth, wind, ; 〜:^一 三mt.. ,— czd M addition io mosee elements was heart. 亍.上写志 士工 2<orth .America had the power of fire, he is an imkidfo^B^kl^ NY. Whh his powers he can call up SE*C -—— —- — ——t—1 — . , 立y soils of iightiiiis or create small direct fires. Gi is from Asia who Ms "±5 cf "；arer She is a siudent of marine biology and loves to szrf. her rower she can control any water or summon the ocean to de her biddinz bv calling up waves or water spouts. Linka is from East­ ern Euroze and has the pov/er of wind. She is smart and loves to solve Wth her povzer she can create small tornados and gusts of 土 Ms-7: is Srom South America snd has ±e power of heart. He has knov.-ledge of the rain forest and healing powers of the great forests plcuxs. Veth his power he can communicate telepathically with the o±e- Planeteers and Gaia, he is the essence of caring and concern. Kv.-ame is from Amca and has the power of earth. He is a conservationisr and has a green thumb fbr growing things. With his power he can mm nmd inio solid ground, creaie small earthquakes, create tiny is­ lands, or small holes or nirrows fbr planting. When all of ihe kids combine their powers and rings. Captain Plsnei Plsse: is formed through their emotions and souls. His weaknesses _ are smog, loxic wasres, acid rain and other pollutants. When he is weakened he must return ro the Earth to recharge. He can feel other peoples emotions and pain, even his villains, that is why he does not like^io harm other people. So with his wits an£his and his smarts he creates ways to omers &om destroy the Earth. He tries to make people understand that he will not always be there to help the planet, and that "The Power ts Yours-. Heis abfe io :胃与 change© his molecular form to change into hi^molecular e.emenisoiAeword gh as tornados. Hiss appearance appearance represems represenrs the the e气n,w血空 skj<blue skm,野en grass hair, brown earthy earthy eyes, blood eyes, blood red chest and his sunlight yellow globe iiinsignia. When he looses power his insignia sometimes flickers gray. Corey Pedulla Mrs. Krushnowski Communications 16 July 2010 When it Rains, h Pours! Have you ever lost a grandparent? Has that tragic event ever been followed by a 一-grandmother *___ j___ ii_____was .飞 匕二1~ i "h mn 1 llh, 2001 national disaster? When my great being buried on September it was a double whammy. It was an occurrence of evenis that even the most sadistic minded person could not think up. The iragic death of a well loved grandmother, the near death ofa very close grandmother and the worsi terrorisi attack to occur in our nation's liislon around inc same day, occurring around lhe hanic time is unimaginable and unthinkable. \h grcai-graniinioliici v.as admitted inki lhe hosjiilul un September (>'b 20()1 ahcr sufienng from a massive hiiokc. ARcr being been dcml for a minulc and a half she was revised by Ibc work of the nurses and doctors at Cicneral Hospikil. My grandnujlhcr arri\ed al the hospital to make sure 'her mother ' was okay aQcr hearing th al she vvus admilied. Right as she walked into the room lo give her wcD wishes, my givat grandrnolher started lo have a seizure. This sUinncd n)y grandmother so much Ihat she actually had a heart attack rigln as my great grandniolher was beizing. In just one day. 1 almost lost two very importm people in my liic. My grandmother wai> put into lhe heart unit at General while in\ great grandmother was put in lhe Intensive Care I ini[. On September 7!h, my grandmother was released Iron】 lhe hospital and was required to stay al home fbr two nights. She was not supposed lo even visit her own mother out of fear tlial she migiii have a second hcan aiuu'k. My great grandmother died a liulu past one o'clock in lhe morning on Sepleniber 8,n. Hie viewing was lo take place bmh on Stplenibcr 9UI and September 10tt\ and the burial was scheduled for Sepleniber 11111,2001 ai 8:3() u.ni. My grandmother was not allowed to atiend her own mothers viewing because she was having an irregular heailbeat. She was, however, allowed by her doctor to attend the burial service. My immuiiaie family has always been very close, so when a dealli docs occur, wc ali rally around lhe person inosi aflecled; except this death was unusual. 1 here were four other families involved in this death, my urcat grandmother's family, my grandmothurs family, and the family of my grandmother's lv,o sisters. My grandmother's sister's children were not B)nd of iheir mothers or my grandmother. They seemed more attached to my great gnuidnioiher because of the money that she gave them, both while she was alive and in her will. In onier ti)protect their interest in the reward that they would receive from lhe written will, they tried to block my grandmother and her sisters from panicipating in the Rmeral and viewing preparation-:. Neither my grandmother nor her sisters played a pan in choosing the coffin, the tombstone, or even the dress tliat their mother would wear ibr the rest ofetemily. During the last night of the viewing, the immediate family of my great grandmother, along with my grandmother, who was now in good enough health, were allowed an hour by themselves with my great grandmother prior io her burial. Ii would be an early morning die nexi day and nobody would be able to deal with the added stress of �Pedulla2 史 prior lo the burial ihi： 危曷y她赫皿也嘿黑嵩黑成 )rds to the deceased. 三二盘熠嚣搭 hid 皿血典讷吁也 in 心 al： e.".：:、f cs 三忑二二二MM。"血商汽件熠瞄孵"岫 a、M 5 *0 ^ucanlusing. Forihe lon^esi lime, ljusi thought snu 曲 aii gathered lot 前命 funeral home:It• was __ reu m the ig pacing i，3i»…o----On Scpien^b^T iP . we 住 funeral home and ii would be about it 45 nunulc 7:45-5:1'：, 2.1：:. when we left the i. As all the lamilies were v:c Hi：至 burial： so ceverything occuriEd very early. n；y great grandniolher and in a Iasi dilch cilbn c二:三；1251 ias： vnmhz. ft liiica. II ixiil ran UUpp to im j«xj tj1'-*** »---------------g ：m — her. sadly q：〉noihing happened. Mynwni My mom just said "slie^ “si心 going to a bcllci 普皿 °!工,心 a、k。b)e:, my grandmother was the last person up lo the casket. J lie lop :：d h …Qus应 mi still being confused I wasn'i sure as lo why they were closing Uw lid 。二艺己 宁工&2!hcr. who I still assumed was slccpmy. The cdsktl v.as liiied into the hearse and we started our drive to lhe cemetery, wc , mW: sround S:4Ua.m There was a large hill that Iiad lo be driven up to be near the ‘Eriil pic：. huL ill ere w as one problem. The hearse could nol make the clinib and got stuck h niLd nghl al the top of lhe hill, So lhe entire liineral was delayed by a half hour, col bcibrs one of the people in line jumped out of 山eir car and screamed, "They arc killing ever.-bcuy!'5 now as a 7 year old I was quite confiised as lo exactly what he meant, ailcr ail. 1 slill thougln my great grandmother was asleep. Il was then tlial he said, lhe “I v- ：n Tov. ers were hit with planes,*' as someone else responded, "Ya and they just atlacked the peniagon too..." Immediately panic ensued, people were backing their cars down the hill and jusi leaxinn ike burial, which was in progress, without saying good-bye, Everyone was airaid thsi iheir kids v> ould be let out of school and be home alone. My mother decided it would 谜 bjst ifv.r left as veil. When we arrived arriYed home, home, II saw saw exactly"wliai exactly wliai everyone everyone was 田比匚 ahom. the images and video of planes slamming into two very big buildings was 于子心:亍予 hw 史:engrained into^my into my mind, 1 went out and sal on the front front'porch, porch, my mother 溟 u me and asked me whal was wrong ai which point 1 answered, ltl doifi wan： the plai:cs» in crash into our house." ''' Tl：c next few c*----'honitic.Al "" ■ our traditional Sunday dinner mv entire “ s n：：心浇 around the kiichcn table whmny^dnunha-in _ qti-I, '.Wall ti,,T .，、《•—、一.............. m aii attempt w litl rht■: nm ：- : ,： tee _____ 前j... 簇岩;二匚搭 Wel!n，yn，Om gays d. sh顷 s going to go out with a Hayley Macuga Ms. Krushnowski Communications 12 July 2010 :irreiis aii Just by the way you'sit you sit I can-tell what you are thinking. Body languagejells tells more than what an average person-thinks. When teachers are teaching they know who is bored, interested, and excIHffing'theniselves from the conversation. Not only-can teache __ - Ihis, but 1 、most 案b. ；Hla Kit include people can to by just Vmniinnn knowing aa 1little bit aRrtllt-UirwlxrlaTK about.bbdylanguage. what .that person is feeling. A By looking at a persons head, believe it or not, tells whatlhat -be g •些圮土占 tilt to the side tells that you're interested in someone or =号±柘 something, f wlule having = no tilt tilt oabout someone orsomething, whetiicr it*8，what Pm or tells that /you are,thinking s 二二"匚一二一二* • -*-脂 ~ " saying : S____ ______ _1_£ ■£/ 1. ―—1 - - _ 1 something else. Most girls that run their fingers through their hair means that they think 二〜 ' __ -'匕 _二 ." — ---------" 一 〜 — :广71 ； ” 二0 「 the/re attractive, but it can also mean frustration. On the opposite side, fondling patting yout hair down shows that you，re insecure about something. Which to most people is jUsx alack bf sel^confidence. Have you ev^ersecn someone place their hand around tiieir mouth during a conversation? Ifs a common gesture made when people are lying.'When someone touches or rubs their nose, thafperson-tliinks what is said is doubtful and they're rejecting an idea you made without verbally telling you. When placing your hand on your cheek to most people is a sign ofboredom, but that person is thinking or reviewing their thoughts over. In most males^they stroke their chin, which means noting more than they*re making a decision. ,".The most common and easiest body language i瑚diagnose is checking the clock! .：-------««T r,ci *C ca* + nChorra clrsd、jUCiqg auknera dav, IHOfe than Ifs a sign_ofboredqm"I want to get out of here already?1 On^an average day, >-teach a specific half the studehts-in the'class will check the time. As a teacher who has*to-teach someone in the topic get frusrrate4-to frustfated.to know how any students are bored boredi： For me to look loo|c:snmen eyes may seem easy, but it's not. Wien When you fail to look、§omeone iiin the eyes, <,. it*s a lack of S*__________ un―:________ _ic T* -1— —1— ，—以 strong confidence in yourself It also makes them question ■your honesty" Recently, most of us have gon^throu 由ajob interview and if you didn*t e-throu^ didn't maintain eye contact contaci while ttiejob. 艺兀二 Ifydii hold eye. answering die questions； there is a good chance you did nofgei 拦拓工 contact with.someone, it shows power. As you see people, watch their eyes. If there is an enlarged-amount of blinking happening it just means that the person is nervous. By looking difierent directions also tells yqurfedings. By looking upwards and to the right indicates recalling of aSemory. Lookmg to the left means that the person is using a ai part brain?Looking directly dowir means----just r plain thinking. creative --r 一： of their' 一• — — ,才 -----------------------b Body language does not-sto^wi& nbt'Stop^wi&tlie tlie look on your face, your torso lells a story * *二 」 ‘ ------------1 nervousness. too, when biting your fingernails reiriember it shows insecurity and nervousness. While "*' and' crossed, you have put a barrier between yourself and the having your arms folded iiist nnt people around you. Really you!rejust not hannv hq)py with what i«? is being said or done. While fingers jrau. can conclude that士二 their inpatient most people tap or drum their theirJ^ger^you/c -------:兰二 、 二： and/or 用尺二:. J el / f ec；i. I never frustrated. When I am sitting-army desk/l often fidget around with ~ my 「 pencil. knew this but not only canit be a sign of boredom but nerves and /or anxiety has gotten to you. And whether youlelbthe-taith pilot, we have all done this. Have you ever seen touch their neck? That-person i 伊ving you a sign of concern of what is being said. So pay very close attention to that so you don*t hurt other people's feelings. �a ll ：： .、• You should! Nowadays, we all walk sluggish and do not care what people- 呼 Nowadays, we all walk sluggish and do not care We should all want to look Walking quickly with an iqiright posture shows confidence. like this! A brisk step may show confidence but a bouncing or lacking foot suggests mat the the person p^son is is comfort comfortable and feels boredom. When your legs are open/apanXws shows that safe with their surroundings. This occms most in males. For females, however, g st aa defensive with your legs crossed suggests relaxation or may suggest defensive position. positton. It it all ail depends on how tidit the leg muscles are. , Every movement you do, every move you make, tells the whole wor., w a you think Even though most people do not really know how the person knows, ifs as easy as a learning your ABC's, be careful of the way you sit in class the next time because your fellow student can detect what you are thinking just from your body language. Jessica Pacheco Ms. Krushnowski Communication 12 July 2010 Have you ever wondered what your futures hold in stock for you? I know I have. Have you ever wanted to know what kind of personality you have or what interests you have? Thafs where palmistry comes into play. This is the practice of telling one's character, or future by simply reading the lines of one's palms. Palmists began their scientific craft centuries ago, starting in India, and t has spread all over the world and grew in popularity. Palm reading can be an interesting science, but, then again, it has never been proven with scientific facts to back it up. The sole purpose of palm reading is to foretell the future of each person by reading, so to speak, or analyzing the lines on one's hands There are 7 imponant lines in the palm of your hand. They are the following: 1. Life line 2. Head line 3. Heart line 4. Girdle of Venus 5. Sun line 6. Mercury line 7. Fate line I will show you how to read 3 lines, starting with your life line. Before we start, I want you to take your dominant hand, which is the hand you write with. Please note that this line does not tell how long you live, hut indicates how you will live your life. This line is located at the edge of the palm above the thumb and runs toward tlic wrist, forming an arc. ° A person who docs not have a passion for life often spots a life line that runs close to the thumb. o A person passionate about life and who livra life to the maximum often spots a life line that is curved： ° People who have a delicate health ofteni have a chained life line. » A person with a heart for travel often has life lines that are swinging outward. The second line is the heart line, located towards the top side of the palm, just below the fingers. As the name suggests, the heart line represents the state of the human heart, both in a physical and metaphorical sense. 。 Long Head Line Most commonly found in people who think and give a lot of thought before taking action on anything. o ULI Straight aigui AAl.au Head AJLUb Line Most commonly found in people who values and practices clear, concentrated thinking. They are also happier when things are handled and solved practically. o Curved Head Line Most commonly found in people who like to create and put into use new ideas. These people tend to be more creative. o Chained Head Line �Jenelle Bruno Usually found in people who are highly strung intellectually. There are a few things about myself that I will fail to tell people when I meet them or am getting to know them. Usually there is one obvious question the brave ones will ask, having to do with my physical that the pcrsontatheabiHty to see more than one ° o emotionally,酒 well as point of'view. Floatmg Head Line usually iuuuu ua.v。 efree and couldn*t careless attitude. They Usually fbimd ui in pcupic people who have a〜 caref just go about doing whatever they like, not caring about what others may think of them. Note: In palmistry, a head line that starts under th& indexfinger shows an excellent and brainy mind. appearance. Three months after my birth, a big puffy mark made its home on what was my lower lip and another on my arm and temple. Naturally my parents panicked royally and I was rushed to the hospital. They were relieved to leam that it was nothing life threatening, but that rd likely live with it for a good portion of my childhood, if not forever. Envisioning pictures from my early years, I was always smiling and happy. My parents did everything they could for me, but there was a rough road of elementary years ahead and nothing they could do would prepare me for that. Throughout those years, I developed a strong tolerance fbr bullies and it seemed nothing could make me hurt or cry anymore, at least nothing they had to say. When I was ten years old, I went for my first surgery. I was finally big enough fbr them to safely operate on my head and face. This was their first step towards changing my life, and I was anything but excited. I have had four surgeries to reduce and remove this '&1111111成'',which is actually called a hemangioma. Growing up the way I did does a lot to shape one's personality. Dealing with teasing early on, people staring, and the questions that, al the time, seemed so hard to answer, made me develop some shyness. It also made me a much stronger person. I have deep sympathy for any person whose life was altered in childhood by a medical condition, and I am grateful every day that my problem is so minor compared to the complications others face. After each procedure, the appearance of the hemangioma was much less prominent. The ones on my eye actually went away all on their own, so the only one left is the obvious. Some people look at others, even those of us with very minor afflictions, and wonder how we live like we do. It is very true when they say it's not always as awful as it seems to the people around you. I never think about it, and the people who are close to me and love me know that it doesn't matter to me. What they might not know is that it made me who I am. �Pedulla 1 Victoria Pando The smeU of sweet funnel cake, the sound of food sizzling and the sight ofpeople eqoying themselves. Where is it you can culture and irresistible treats? g0 to have your senses swept into a breeze of pure The farmer's market has many interesting items and mouth- watering foods that will definitely put a smile on anyone's fhce. The sound of lively music, greasy sizzling food, and the laughter of people fill the air. People are talking, shopping, laughing and eating. They dance to music as the children run through the water fbuntam. The cold water tickles their toes and they giggle with excitement. A long line fbnns for the sweet taste of ice cream. Everyone's mouth waters, their throats slightly parched, craving the cold delicious treat While some want ice cream, others desire an icy cool beverage. Lemonade, water, slushies, sodas - many of these and so much more are what people use to quench their thirst. While looking around shopping for unique trinkets, many people stop to relax and enjoy the scenery. The blazing sun heats everything arouni Benches need caution signs; their seats now hot enough to bum anyone's bottom! The clear blue sky is looming overhead; the clouds large and fluffy like cotton balls. The trees dance to the whispering wind, while the birds chirp their cheery tune. The fanner's market has many interesting items and mouth-watering foods. It is enough to put a smile on anyone's face and a bounce in their stq)I The culture, the food and the sights will surely intoxicale you. Corey Pedulla Mr. Blaum Creative Writing 14 July 2010 The year is 1941, the second World War has been raging for two years, and two people have just been married. A young couple in their early twenties arrive at their family's mansion, the Kirty mansion, it has been in the Kirby family for generations but all that will soon change. Old man or Mr. Kirby as most people called him owned the mansion for the longest of the rest of his family, having made it his personal residence. The groom inherited this lovely piece of real estate from old man Kirby, his grandfather. The old man was bom and raised in this house. His life, however, was plagued with catastrophe. When old man Kirby was just a child, his younger sister, was left unattended in the bathtub. When the young Kirby went in search of his sister for a play mate he found her floating in the bath tub. His parents blamed him for this. If only he had been ,*more responsible, his sister might still be alive". These words uttered by his own mother echoes in his ears. As a 6 year old, taking the blame for the death of a younger sibling would plague him for the rest of his life. The tragedy does not stop there. When young Kirby turned 12 his older sister decided to drive back from college on a late winter night for his birthday the next day. However, she never reached him; instead she was killed instantly in a head on collision right outside of the Kilby mansion. Again young Kirby was the one who saw the tragedy and called for help and again he rook the blame. If only he "didn't make a big deal about his birthday his sister might sdll be alive.'' These words in his mother's voice followed him for years. As young Kirby grew into a more mature teenager and college student the tragedies of the past began to diminish, until one day he received a call while at college. **Hello this is Corporal Patterson of the Wilkes-Barre Police Departrnrot, I am sorry to inform you that late last night your parents both passed away*'. Kirby in disbelief and sorrow asked in response **H-h-how?" The corporal responded *The furnace was leaking carbon monoxide all night and all day. When they went to bed they were suffocated by the lack of oxygen. I am sorry son." Kirby abruptly stopped the conversation by slamming the phone down on the table. Again as the years passed, the pain of the past diminished. Always remaining in memory but losing its sting. Kirby got married to his college sweetheart, and had three lovely children. But the life of tragedy that plagued Kirby would again show its face. While Kirby was away one night, his wife decided to relax in the bathtub and listen to the radio. Little did she know, but the radio vibrated just enough to fall off the edge of the bathtub. When the radio fell in the water it sent an electric current through her entire body stopping her heart cold. She died instantly. Kirby returned home only to again find someone whom he loved dearly dead in the bathtub. Kirby called the police and was immediately blamed for this accident This was something he would never live down. His family would abandon him, and his children would eventually cease talking to him. Mr. Kirby became a drunkard and rarely ever left the mansion. As he got older he became more bitter towards the world and the children that had left him. The mansion still kept its beauty even through the lack of maintenance. Eventually Mr. Kirby's drinking got to him. He became extremely ill; the doctor told him he could expect to live only a few more weeks. His liver was destroyed. Having not talked to his children in little over 30 years he thought of his nephew who always would call him to check up on him. It was then that he decided to leave the house to his nephew as a present for his new marriage. As Mr. Kilby became more and more weak he was bed ridden. As he was slowly passing away he had a look of peace on his face. It was as if all the people with whom he had been blamed for ttieir deaths were sunounding him in a welcoming home, to tell him ifs okay. Mr. Kirby died over night. Nobody other than his nephew attended his funeral. After old man Kirby's death many people started rumors about how the house was the true reason behind the bad and tragic luck that plagued him. But even more people believe that because of the history of the house it was an omen ofbad luck, after all four people had died in it all assumed or known to be accidental. But the young groom shrugged the rumors offl After all if anyone knew his uncle better them him, they were dead. The young groom at the reading of the will of his late uncle heard to his astonishment that everything was being left to him. Upon hearing this he immediately made plans to move into the home he had always admired, the Kirby mansion. �Pedulla 2 4 …如c-应/ rcr only ha^g one sick care taker, Upon amving he wes surprised ic s=s'二•.二s no decay on my of its exrcrior wood, and ihe his uncle, i: was iz splendid condition. Ths 二-f =v=-\Hf arc his vnfs innns4iately started unpacking inside looked like it wss dusted, polished, and -dXswn .. _ nis nsw bride became pregnant. Soon the xviihin wc days thsy v;ere coziplet^ly 二K'R h 辛d well.No more to amon* after haring heard ；& Ee x3 rragedy Hi had be&llen his iiis uncle would wo^ld bszin 'kr h H A妾e 宜2. abu to bless ieiz the r咬 n 壶国检响咨 sta.rs. According to her ., . __ ___ !—：酝, ：：= *»«a sbu dis bshy ma： v.*3s 〜 ............................ 二 = ...d .hosDii21, • ---t Z-Jrd rmn no fill Tn H Cllt na<4 ca his — wi艮 and he found out trmT that cha she had reccllec&二 h was as if scni=.oze pushed hsr. Arn\n:g, ,一 — 一 — 二 一H' &ont " * door. It looked as if it had ^-S— cos gq al the misoarrizgs. Sosz life th*. reHisd hxze ±ey ________ Ur>c=1 tma they tTirv stayed ata hotel for the dszi ±2：亡e nnzors 些上 ±e ho^se nighi 渣y been true, ： cation. To their smazement the house 二、wi也 ”:二」 一..ss — — nouse was id卖.They -=^i—sd home ths next day a 二二二 heigh^zsd -^*3 0ofca^ncn. sersze in a se^se. 芸M也;墓堇盖"MMTWMd ±e dgh: before, it showed no signs of any dis&ess or in 2- ssns5*» • ,••••—"• — —― , . ~ • - __ ___________ 一一二c-Hori limlr craven hnm>» rnrtna hunu-由髭 under ±s assmpnon H. ±e day's evuts were comcidence or just baa luck, stayea home lor the m^L Sadly ±ey would zot gel much slero. . . _ , . Around 9:G0 pjn. thsy wen: to bed. Righi as ±e newiytveds got mtc bed: they heard pounding on the dc^Tistiirs doo* and ihe dcor bsll ringing. The grccir- (pdB tired hhg wznthi多。save his new bride from having to walk 西wn the three flights of stsirs, went to the door. Just hs he uimec ths door knob the knocking sid rin.£TQ2 slanged. He opened &e door to find no one ni^e. As he Mned around, to head back upstairs he felt e cold 盗士三 a^d ±e doer whs ripped &om his hsnd and slammed sb二 Ai exactly the same time his wife was hszrd screasing on &e top floor. She fell two stori^ ono ms chsndelier ard was impaled upon one of the candle which was a pseudo lighL Just as niis occurred he hesrd 诂h! sounded like his uncle's laugh and a shadow spoil ths wall behind him. Without hesitadon hs rsa ent the door and to what is now Capin Hall. He =sked the older wcnian who lived there ifhe could czll the police. When they atrived, the young groom could no: be fb^zd. Ths old lady xold the police that when he got offthe phons he retunied to the house. A thorough sesrdi was conducied 2nd ±e young groom was fbund hanging. One of &e policemen upon seeing the groom dzngimg Hfelessly &om'" raftersof ±e basement %-as quoted as having said, lWeD the poor guy looks like he is at peace zt least" Kiiby Hall, having no heir was taken by eminen: do皿in ana is now used as a campus building at Wilkss UnhrezsiB\ 一 ��2 Lost Memories & New Ones Gained By: T/C Mark Congdon Jr. for COM 398 on 04109101 ITg g undergradua^^t University to get a My grandma and I went shopping on Black Black Friday Friday in in 2003; 2UU3； we we went w皿 to 2 Wal-Mart 拣京二斜茶 矗b血the other crazy shoppers had an明竺嗯吃‘雄感瞟.河 藐篇济 和岫电蝴a sleeping 二 _L Needless iv gianL toxy, say,wc wegui gotUIC theDVD DVDplajvZ. player. _ . oa _ .. This is just one of the many memories I have with my grandma; however, since I left for college, I haven't had md that diat many new memories, and some of the traditions we had when I was m in hi Ki school came to a halt I never expected to grow apart from her, and I surprisingly got homesick often, thinking about our weekends together. For instance, Grandma would pick me iq)from high school on Fridays, and we would go to Long John Silvers to talk about our week, and would then plan what we would do with our next two days toge&er. Saturday mornings, we would make scrapple, peanut butter toast, and hot ccffioa. But my fbnd^t memoriK are the days when school was canceled for a snowstorm or holiday and we would sit in ftont ofthe TV all day, watching Guiding Light and Days of Our Lives, Together we would watch these so枝 operas and would laugh and ciy at the characters. We loved the tense drama that always occurred in their lives, and hoped thai our lives would never become as dramatic. When my grandma got remarried, I was so happy fbr her and my new p逐.After all, I was going _ to college in two monfiis, and I wouldn't always be there to comfort her and help her do tasks around &e house. I knew that my new pap would always be there for her, which both saddened snd brought joy to me. It never crossoi my mind that these moments and memories my grandma and I shared would eventually slop when I went to college. After I left home to pursue my my educaiion, educaiion, my my grandma grandma and and II never never thought thought that that the the phone phone cails, calls, visits, visits, and and the the phrase, phrase, "I "I love you” would lesson with every passing day. I never thought that leaving home to grow, change, znd dev戒 op my skills would cause me to drift wayfium awayfium the tiie ones Hove back home. 丹吁塑-:乡,0211空胃吁符理坐皿枇派,pan-time job, and newly found friends, I was shocked thzl it took two aid a half yeais for me to realize thai I also changed in a negative* way, fbrgKtmg ths one I know aid love, my grandma. Theda)^ofiiTrealkatiOT ■ 二 a. _ _ ■ "* ------- j' ****** CHQie on a gloomy end cnsr February- aftegn. My mother, Bettya皿 had called me to tell me that Grandma's healih look a turn for the worse. "Nfark, Grzndma's m the hospital," said my mother who sounded as if she were crvine going to be ok. Mother replied, “The She men then quietly 政皿 u“rGrandma ,, .rT, , . = UI5w-• Me QUletlv askM ；ran/lma asked me if I know wnen you are connng home. When Krn-M -~are>-ou coming home Mark? We haven't seen you since Christmas break."轮票 Y ' ，夺 * s w今 … nght, I deMly answgi, -Soon Mom, very soon; [will be home this weekend. All Gra^d^hki 薰; ” mid慕慕1:严如墅I构8或sb her and do some of her chores " 小日,gfaa -----I 抵"气牛泌诚 血 wishes you would call or visit more often,"汨 my y 皿。岫 I gently replied, *Tm soiry Mom; tell Grandma I'm very sorry, and that Fll make it up to her! I promise! I will see you both this weekend; I love you; please tell Grandma I love her too." At the end of our conversation I realized that I wasn't a very good grandson, so I made a vow to never neglect our relationship again. It's a shame that it took my grandma's health to make me realize how much I value our relationship and how much I want her to continue being apart of my life. But, I feel it's a blessing in disguise because I now have an opportunity to rekindle the relationship we once had. Even though I was maturing into the young man Grandma hoped I would become, with my academics, selfconfidence and social life, I was becoming less mature towards the way I communicated with her. Ultimately, I took her love and suppon for granted. I didn*t realize I was missing a big piece ofmy identity, my grandma, and became saddened when I eventually realized how I was treating her. It seems we are often reminded that change and developing yourself is good, but sometimes I find myself questioning if this is always true. I feel like I lost a part of myself and my identity after I changed and adapted to college life. Since coming to college, I haven't created many new memories with Grandma. It seems the world is always in a hurry, and we forget to lake it easy, relax, smile, and enjoy the moments and memories we have had, continue to have, and hope to have. I know that I can't go back, bull also know I don't want to become one of those frivolous shoppers that Grandma and I encountered on that adventurous Black Friday, who seemed to ' ,, wererude, and took certain things in life fbr granted. For these reasons, I always be in a huny, jadjusted my life by doing the things that truly matter, and making my grandma a priority. I visit" Grandma more'oRen/knd I take grandma out to Long John Silvers while catching up on all I have missed. Grandma*s health is also much better; I continue helping her with the chores, and we even have dates set aside to shop and see a movie. Though we don't watch the so迎 operas together during the week because I'm at college, we watch them when I go home fbr the weekend. Our relationship is stronger than ever before. Grandma constantly tells me that, **Fm happy you spend more time with me and look forward to our weekends together, just like they used to be, but better. I'm very proud of you Mark!" As the saying goes, you never know what you have until it's gone; I almost lost the relationship with my grandma when I went to college. I never want to experience those emotions that come with almost loosing someone precious to you because you took them for granted again. After all, it*s never too late to realize what is important. By: T/C Mark Congdon Jr. Written as an undergraduate student at Wilkesfor COM 398 on 04/09/07 ��Qiul Catherine Qiu Ms. Krushnowski Composition 26 July 2010 Capiial Punishment: Death Penalty Sleek ye: 一：一0 二一 二侦 = ------- 三 =三 Did you know thai as of October 1, 2009, the number of death row inmates totals to 3,270? Compared to the other states, Pennsylvania ranks 4th in having the most inmates, with 223 to be precise. Throughout the years, the number of inmates on death roll has gradually and continually increased. Looking at this chan however, Pennsylvania has only had a total of 3 executions since 1976. With the number of inmates still constantly filling the cells of prisons, the heated debate of the death penalty, with topics of deterrence, public safety, sentencing equity, and the execution of innocents, among others, needs io be settled. I believe the death penalty is fbr all reasons, a necessary act that has to be carried out. Many people will argue the fact thatii is immoral io kill a person, and that what right does society have to kill another human being. But are you really going to take mercy on these cold blooded murderers v/ho don't even have the slightest notion of what is moral? These inmaies on death row are not normal everyday criminals; they slaughter their victims bmially and viciously. Take for example ihe case of a man named Marco Chapman. This killer murdered a seven-year-old girl and a six-year-old boy in their home. Both of the children's throats had been slit and they suffered stab wounds on their bodies. Their ten-year-old sister played dead after also being stabbed several times. The hands of the mother were bound with duct tape and she was tied to the bed frame. She was raped and stabbed in the chest with a knifb that broke off in her chest. She was later stabbed with a large knife and left for dead. After stabbing the victims, the killer burglarized the home and left the scene. Are you really saying that we shouldn't execute this heartless man after what he'd done? If so, you have no heart. You say you're the better person by not stooping down io the murderer's level, but how much better are you when you're cheapening the lives of these innocent murder victims saying that society has no right to keep the murderer from ever killing again. Society has not only the right, but the duty to act in self defense io proiect me innocem. Are you just going io dismiss all the innocent people who have died at the hands of these cruel criminals just because ifs "not righf*? What: right do the criminals have to kill an innocent person, to separate them from their family and friends, and destroy their future? But let's step away from the emotional aspect of this topic, and take a more logical approach. For one, when people commit crimes, they will know thai the death penalty will be waiting for them at the end of the road. With that though! in mind, if they siill want to murder a person, they are therefore choosing io die of their free will The punishment of execution bums fear into peoples' minds, making them think twice about what they are going io do. Statistically, it has been proven ihat as the number of executions was decreased, the crime rare had increased. During the temporary suspension on capiial punishment from 1972-1976, researchers gathered murder statistics across the country. In 1960, there were 56 executions in the USA and 9,140 �Qiu2 1 i more years murdsrs. In 1969, there were no executions and 14,390 murders,呼*二 & 响 23,040 in 1980 after only two executions v.iihout executions, 20,510 muden occurred rising to . 瓦即 since In sumgy. been 1965 and 1980, the number oi annual 噫:*嚣心 from murder rate doubled from States sk>Toekeiee from 9560 to 23,040, a 131 percent increase. The 噂噫忠黑;矗; 5.1 io 10^. number of of murders murders grew grew as as thenumber •102 So So in in conclusion, conclusion, the the number the uvaui death penalty,>life inpnson. But ifsociety is AiCraauVc to tuc -------I , 。 Some people call for an alxernative with the sentence of life in prison, ! doubt it would be nearly as only thi^itening these murderers 5 ' effeedve ss as havmg the the 6eadi death psmauy. penalty. 3 Do yuu you honestly think that being» inpnson is a suiiableand eSbciive - --------------一 for - these «« < n t —jQc 、，fka miTnnpr nt TiRonle tn&X fning merciless In___ society today, mg ^unishmenf' pmnsnmEiii. xoi ujcauus»» murderers? ubw-jb. 3 — ---- . o%T：,?噂臂氏羿; 总上Hed in iheU.S. is rising sien unprecedented rate. And do you know why that is. _t s --------------- ► -一—a because incarceraxio" is no longer an effective crime deterrent.. *一 In -the p2St>Jansons were ；--忌 to work all day. "" The prisoners did as they were told, horrible° place to bs, M and 亍 jtju were forced f bscsiise if:hey did not, they would be physically beaten by other inmaies or guards, and they c —_J .......... ：nn/4 tVlP mner CAVPTf* were often killed. Today work isC—an*；cr oplion and the most severe punishment while in prison is the taking away of privileges that they should not have in the first place. In the past, citizens perceived prison as a horrible environment; they feared breaking the law and the prison population was extremely low. Today the average citizen perceives orison as a lazy man's paradise, and prison population is at an all time high. Prisoners today have too many rights and privileges. They eat free of charge. They have a bed to sleep on. They get free medical care.They get exercise every day. They get to watch tv, take college classes and even earn a degree. They can work and earn money. Do you really want all of our tax money to go to these murderers? In addition to all this, if you sentence a criminal to life in prison, you risk 以ving them a chance to escape and wreck havoc on the public once more. Dawud MifMin who was serving a 48-year sentence fbr the 1973 murder of a cab driver escaped and stabbed to deaih a sxorekeeper in a robbery that netted S4.00. You also risk the chance of lemng ±ese criminals murder prison guards and other inmates. After they've killed innocent victims thoughiiessly ouiside of prison, what makes you think they* 11 stop there? Another flaw is that iiie mpiiso^men.: lends to deteriorate with the passing of time. Take the Moore case in New Yoric State fbr example. In 1962, James Moore raped and strangled 14-year-old Pamela Moss. Her parents decided to spue Moore the deaih penalty on the condition thai he is sentenced to life in prison without pzrole. Later on, thanks to a change in seniencing laws in 1982, James Moore is eligible fbrpsrale every two years. Putting a murderer away fbr life just isn't good enough.* Laws change, so do parole boards, and people forget the past. " ' One argues that there is a risk ofvzrongfiilly executing innocent people with the death with the accuracy of modem forensics and DNA testing restii today it becomes penalty. However, v.-ith very unlikely for an innocent person to be put on death row. row. Furthermore, Furthermore, it it is is a^ied argued that that the the rm如 Gf innocent people that may be killed is equalizedby thenumber of actual criminals thai are set free. The dezth penalty has been proven to be a very useful method jn removing criminals from society both currently and in the long run. There was an estimated 16,692clos^ persons that were 辑螺籍言零”in 2005-If" de2，J1 pg】"isn，t kept, you or someone ---------- 2 you could Getting out of the comfort zqtc: a §enior,s send-off • By: Mark Congdon Jr. Written on 04/26/08 as the Opinion Editor of The Beacon, Wilkes University's student newspaper It's hard to believe that this is the last issue of The Beacon fbr the 2007-2008 school year, and with that my last article of my college career as well. It's shocking how fast time goes by. TI still ---remember ------------moving -- : into eSlocum -------- TTHall -n myfreshman year for the learning community I was in four years ago. I vividly recall during the luncheon the university had fbr for incoming fireshman, the President of Wilkes, Dr. Tim Gilmour, said io ihe freshmen, "Enjoy your years here ai Wilkes because they will go by very fasi, and these years could be some of the best years of your lives." I was sitting with my parents and I remember thinking, "Yeah, O.K. Four years is a long time away and I couldn't even foresee whai lay immediately ahead." I didn't want to think about graduation. I was way too nervous about fining in, making friends, being away from home for the first time and the hard college classes that my high school teachers warned about. But, as a graduating senior and looking back on what the President said, he was nght. My time at Wilkes went by extremely quickly and my years here have been some of the best of my life. But college can't last forever and this amazing experience must come io a close to make way for bigger and better things. Now, I'm not going to go on an on aboui my personal, physical, social and academic growth during the past four years, bur 1 would like to ofier some insight that has helped me find success, make lasting friendships, and get the full specirum of the college experience at Wilkes University. Be yourself & gei involved: I'm the firs: m my family io graduate high school ana attend college. Needless to say I was very scared coming to Wilkes no one in my immediate family could oSier advice on what to expect and no one could really console fears. The only advice my parents gave me was to be safe, have fun, and don't forget who you are and where \ ou came from. Though my parents couldn't provide me insight into the expectations of the academics of colics：, iheir advice about being myself was always in the back of my mind and has helped from the beginning I knew tha: >：- order to make friends and get the full college experience I needed to become involved with extracurricuia: 2c::v：t：es. So my freshman year Iran fbr freshman class representative and won. I also joined other clubj freshman year like the Multicultural Student Coalition club and co-fbunded the College Republicans clur，•、::: uvo upper classmen. Additionally, during my sophomore year I became a Diversity Ambassador ant -fjwinded the Free-Spirit: Gay & Straight Alliance. I also become involved with activities in my major, com=：：:)K3：2：: studies, like speech and debate team, Zebra Communications, and The Beacon the past two years. The expsM”:、. sei nad during my four years at Wilkes allowed me to meet new people and make lasting relationships. in extracurricular activiiies also allowed me to develop my leadership skills. Through trial and error. : learned a lot about myself and others. I encourage al； underclassman to take advantage of the opponuniues that Wilkes is offering. These opportunities will assist you in not only developing you academically, social, or personally, but they will help you to discover wha: you want to do with your life after college. I figured out that I want io be a teacher and eventually a guidance counselor. I firmly believe thai if I didn't get involved like I did, it v/ould have taken me longer to figure out whai 1 want to do with my life. Try new things and gel out of your comfort zone: �2 3. I'm In high school I v,-as very shy, quieb and imroverted. But in nrea. cut iu college, -I'm — 也匕竺受坦?? -- , _ change? I med new things and got our 01 my comfort outgoing, talkative, and extroverted. How was I able to c— zone. At Wilkes I have had ext'eriences that would never have happened had I no；警en 窑::1 嚣盐嗦螺蝠算*褊心耕儒"*杰Wi on spenumeous raid trips toPhil£delphia andihe beach. Certain classes also helped me develop lilce dance and Regardless ofwhai npe of personal^ you have, I encourage all to think outside of the box and tij new things. Trynot to care wha: others think ofjx)u because that only holds you back. Be yourself, be real and get out of your zone. Be respectful of yourself and others: Another importan: thing I learned and realized while at Wilkes is to respect yourself and others. I leamsd 亦或 by being true io myself I was respecting who I was and where I came from. It's importani to realize mat not everyone has ihe ssnie belies or ideas as you and even if you disagree with someone, you must respect their views. Wilkes is gradually bscorning more diverse, and I encourage all to try to get a better understanding of a range cf culuires. By respecting othefs cultures and meeting new people from diverse backgrounds, you could 乎in many mentis; I know I did. By learning about and experiencing other cultures, I also was able to better ^predate and respset my background and heritage. By interacting with diverse people, you are also better prspsred for the world outside of Wilkes University. Don*t take time or others for granted: The action or inaction you take during your undergraduate career at Wilkes is the foundation of your future and h^jpiness. Dont take the time you have here fbr granied. Take advantage of the opportunities at your fingerrips. Moreover, try nol to bum any bridges while here. If you mess up, apologize and admit when you're wrong. Take responsibility. If someone does something that makes you angry or backstabs you, be the bigger person and do vzhat's right Revenge doesn't help anyone. Thou或 your years ai Wilkes may seem like they will last forever, everything does, evenrually, come to an end. Stay positive, h£ve h^ve faith and 2nd remember everything happens fora reason. College can be tough at times with ac^iemics 2nd trying 10 mainiain a certain social image or status. But don't give up and lose yourself in the process. Gst mvoivsd and take advantage of what Wilkes has to offer. Get out of your zone, and remember to always be respectful of yourself and oihers. Remember that your days at Wilkes are limited. Don't take them fbr gramed and appreciate every moment you have in your classes, and with your friends. Time goes by quickly snd ii n only pes gaes iasxer 免sxer as you yg grow and develop. What you do in college will be the foundation for your future. fuiure. RWJrafHe ：c r，_ . . 一 What you do nr or rinn't dont ric do tvill wll cause r.a rirtnlp npple pf?pr*t efiect fnr for flip the rr*et rest nf of your llife. So remember to enjoy life be positive, be yourself and reach your full potential. I know I did. 3 ' Qiul Catherine Qiu Ms. Krushnowski Communications 16 July 2010 Brother "Oh, brother." This is a common phrase used when people v/ant to express feeling of frustration and irritation. How appropriate it is for the v/ord brother to be included in this expression. Many of you out there with a brother or even sister can relate to the emotion of annoyance having a sibling who constantly does idiotic things 10 either embarrass you and/or aggravate you to no end. I am, unfortunately, one of those people who are relaxed to a sibling thai fits that exact description. His name is Johnny, and he is my chubby 12 year old younger brother. I could probably make a giant list of things that my brother has done that has made me angry in some way or form, whether it directly involved me or not. He has tampered with my property from dropping my phone cover into the toilet that had stuff in it to touchkig and sometimes losing my belongings. He's spilled drinks from water and soda to soup and tea. He eats my food even though he's had his own share. Because of his carelessness, he breaks objects, intentional or not. With the normal instances of shattering bowls and cups, he even manages to somehow break a spoon. Another rime, he was just playing with a miniature globe we owned. Out of nowhere, his arm spasmed, and he flung the object all the way across the room. It broke, and even though he tried to fix it, it was a hopeless attempt. Bui I guess it wasn't all one-sided. In return, I have bullied him. I make him do my bidding, getting me what I ask fbr most of the time. I steal his pillow and blanket that he treasures. V^^hen I was playing Wii before, I got too excited and accidentally whacked him in ihe head with the remote. We've had our bad times, but there were definitely good times as well. The nice thing about having such a weird and silly brother is that he comes with humorous experiences. One time, my brother was walking with my dad on the sidev/alk in New York. Johnny wasn't right next to my dad, but rather trailing behind him a bit. He must nor have been paying attention to where he was going, and he ended up mistaking another man fbr my dad. �Qiu2 Running 、 up t。*is 2 ■ 喝咂冷strange ~~t域峪耙器需常膘娜 with ths thought that he mini my brother playdliy bliliSVJJi.UU smacked xuo his butt. The=>guf 』：…「 __ ----------------， steamed something io nkn in another language. My brother s&ce w ,, :.But looking tack at the event now, we laugh smeared wirh horror and shock. - ---------- ai it . For some reason, my brother orother also also Ukes liKes to io torture lonuic my dad.. When* his dad onered him a slice of apple, Johnny slapped it out of his hand, siepped □n it, and rsn away. When his foot hun, he put ice on it, and later put those ice cubes a VXIXUk drink my father was going to drink." ________ UVO into 1X12 a UiJ xuw«wx »•**** n'*'***O --------------, During another event, my brother completely covered his eyes with rw。stickers. He then decides to run and show my cousin, who was in another room rather far away. • Consequently, he smashes his head off the edge of a wall, making a ,.-r dent right above his eye as well as on the wall. Bleeding now from the cut in his eyebrow, he calls out for his mom, who was watching tv at .5 the time. She tells him to wait unril her drama she was watching finished. My cousin tells my brother ere—!ss. 1 vzonder U mat to shut up, and I think I kind of ignored him then. Eventually, he's = :r :he hospiial, but to this day, there's still a scar where the impact was. ；hzc Always thought my brother was just a big ball of trouble, and I srill do sometimes, but in time, Fve come to realize how iirp37：^.-. r-e :s to me, how much he has positively influenced my life. His 3 Make 丈i"二乙 二"3 =*© me laugh at times, and he is one of the very few people I car 二t -工-• •uh being completely myself and not needing to constrain beinj;:? ■- pe-。:: I really am. I would never wholeheartedly wish him out of my -：.二厂二二 Ar.d aithough iiiougn he'll hu 11 stan start to to drift drift from from my my life, life, whether whether II want wsnt him him to or no:. I'：： reasure ±ese memories I had with him and of course him, becsuse I never know v/hen I might lose him. rrur.: Corey Pedulla RD Sarah Photography 27 July 2010 The Eagles Abreasi The eagles perched on lop of their large podiums, built upon the market srreet bridge have sat unabated fbr decades. They sit with their heads cocked high in opposite directions as if they are the protectors of the passage berween East and West. Without them the bridge would be void of all character and being. Without these eagles and their beautiful gallivanting wings spread high in a forceful protecting manor, the bridge so many depend on would have been washed away by the acts of nature that have attacked the bridge without purpose for years. Through the long history these eagles have stood erect a top the market street bridge. The Bridge with its gallant glinering eagles has been around for nearly Eighty-one years. It has withstood the flood of 1936,1972,1974, and 2006. This beautiful piece of concrete and steel has been a symbol of the Wyoming Valley ns entire existence, not only this but it has served as a main means of getting &om East to West fbr iis entire exisience. This beautiful work of an is worth more than 1,000 words. �Who Would of Guessed? By: Hayley Macuga A iaurrey tc a long way begins here. The Kenia family shares this old house in downtown Wilkes-Bsrre. The house was built in the early 1850s. The Kenia residence bui t on Sarah Tabaka Composition A Handful of Shells --•- , to 1— this lovely structure to their home. It was used iong ago for Mrs.Kenia have a more dramatic and driver along with Mr. & Mrs.Kenia entry to home. V/hen the weather wss bad the horse w. • also built to be different from not get wet because of the shelter. The structure was Walking through the shallov/s My toes in the sand Low Tide's brought fbam to my ankles And put shells in my hands. other homes in the neighborhood. put into place along with the structure. Each brick was placed in a Ths brick road was f different p=t:em snd each family member pisced a brick. Before placing each brick they would With the salt in ihe air and the rush of the sea, Nowhere else can a person fee] so carefree. hsvs to kiss it end put the kissed side face down. The Kenia's still are residents to the home. Hcv.-ever, now the long and windy brick road is never touched. The Kenia residence calls it their road to never ending memories. My mends and I build a sandcastle And satisfied, in it we stay Sun kissed queens of the beach, If only for a day. With the salt in the air and the rush of the sea, Nowhere else can a person feel so carefree. Long, cool, dark nights Spent BS'ing with friends. Sitting 'round green driftwood fire Makes us wish they*d never end. With the sail in the air and the rush of the sea, Nowhere else can a person feel so carefree. Sun-up or sun-down In rain or sunshine This is where Fd choose To spend all my time. With the sail in the air and the rush of the sea. Nowhere else can a person feel so carefree. �Gay Rights by Corey Pedulla Sarah Tabakz ComDOsiuon Mr. Bl sum 7/2I/W Unfinished Frog icday's society ihat have come com? to be seen as common knowledge. There sre many things in today's Before cressing rhe streei. look both ways. The sky is blue. The grass is gree* Never Talk to don,ii walk around by codes conduct, SiiaZlESIS. A； nishr qwu WtiUK axwuuu uy vourself. vvuioun. These *w**~- -of ---------------- all unwritten, ar,： . i _______ .j— som^iow “--.J und亮。od?' K's common knowledge to people everywhere, but rc no nprcnri person nnvwnftrg anywhere is common knowledge. No person esn be dissected, observed, and simply "known. Everyone has thai side that no one esn really see. , I am Ssrah Maigsret Tabaka. On October 30th, my grandmother's birthday, I was bom vdih a clean slate. Dzys faded to weeks and then to months. Calendar pages yellowed and fell. .One, two, three, fbur, the years fly by. An infant grows to a toddler, and moiphs into .a little girl who watches washes the hands of a clock spin a thousand times over. A decade comes in which I change from Ede girl to Fjeen" as my parents called me. On the verge of my 'Teenage years' I received my Hrst CD pla件 snd CDs. Around me I watched thick heavy ice thin and melt away from the iree brsnehes tha: burst into luscious green hues before slipping from the trees in new red, orange, and golden suirs. Again: melt, burst, fall. Ice, green, gold. Again and again. Time goes on and I sc right ala^g with it, looking, learning, living, and growing. In my time on this earth I have —C~'' ；r<T rrraan cyciW ofmelied ice, bursting ci"a11 swelling gresn, anrl and red, nranerp orange, anH and odd gold SllitS suits sflftd shed hv by 1the limbs eftr^es. I am a collection of every one of these cycles. I'm a collection of every sight I've laid eyss on, every smell Fve inhaled, every question I've ever asked, all the truths and lies quesuon esn provoke, snd every experience I've ever had during those sixteen years. " Every experience in my life is for me considered terribly precious. Really if you take a moment io 和nk about it, that isn't hardly as corny a confession as it initially sounds. Life is one grea- big butterfly efiect Anything, huge or small and seemingly unimportant can change the course of a person5 s entire life. Walk or lake a cab? Such a simple, 4*trivialn decision could determine whether you are mugged, robbed, in a car crash, or make * it to work on time. Every occurrence, every action, every decision is a ripple. It ' starts ssmall and begins to spread . into the fsnhest, deepest pans of your life. Such trivial things can be the biggest factors in not only detenmnmg one:s future, but also who you are far beyond family . reputation, social status,, or even something so personal as a name. It was a combination all of these moments that made me who I sin today. Yes, it was &om these evenis in my life, small and large alike that I was composed. It was because of These experiences that I could not imagine giving up the name that I have given definition to, for snoihcr. It was through these experiences that I became the puffer-fish, silly and in love with The sea. Because of them I am today a bobcat, curious and ever observant. Yes, ihey made J me the v/olf； independent, ~ * i" bu： loyal, f ~ preferring ihe comfort of° and' support rr— — of :一小一 my pack. lam I the enigma that is the platypus, and stubborn like the bull. I share the playfulness of the ferret and _______ : 11.. ________ :f if -11______________ A_. . •< .' occasionally the rwisxed humor of the hyena all because of the trivial daily and also extravagant events in my life. Hcv/ever, in hindsight, perhaps Fm more like the frog than any other. Tlirough 、,u T 。nc cat- a ,a+ c ~ my <4c days I ermtimg continue tn to cVmricr change, no Inn longer a faHccla tadpole, Rut but nc+ not 、yet a frog. I am sixteen years worth of a person and I'm still a work in progress. I ?am a student, sister, aunt, niece, best friend, girlmend, and dreamer. I am an unfinished fr0o Tlie' daughter, sunt, "w-二-3 events that made me who I am have made me ''uncommon'' knowledge. 〜II am Sarah Margaret Tabaka, unfinished frog, and I would have it no other way nor by any other name. " "We hold these truths to be self-evidem, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights that among these are Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness. Thai to secure these rights. Governments are instituted among Men..." These words ring true from the Declaration of Independence, written in 1776. From the founding of this naricn our motto has rung mie, *4freedom for ALL!" Yet still, xo this very day, rights are being denied to every day citizens who just so happen to be different. Gay men and women are denied rights thai, al least heterosexual citizens, are given on a day to day basis. From the right to marriage, to the right to receive benefits in the states they are able to many in. The right to work freely and openly or love someone freely or openly v/ithout being looked down upon. Gay men and women are not allowed to openly serve their country, without being immediaiely discharged. Gay men and women are voluntarily v/illing to fight and die for a country that does not give them equal protection under law, which will noi recognize or give them the right to marry, nor in some cases allow them to adopt a child. Gays and lesbians are not looking fbr special protections. They are not asking for more rights than their heterosexual counter parts. They want equal protection under the law, they want equal rights. Many proponents, however, say that homosexuality is a "choice" lifestyle. Well I pose to that person, this quesxion, who in their right mind v/ould voluntarily choose to be shunned by society, denied rights, denied the right to marry someone they love, denied out right or given a harder time when adopting a child, denied housing, a job, a promotion, and have the increased risk of being beaten up or killed because they are different? Homosexuality is as much a choice as the right to choose ones color, io choose ones age, or to even choose ones culture, there is no choice! Those who are trying so dearly to deny gays right under law use any weapon they can, from the bible io the constiturion, and they are winning, why? Same sex marriage has yet to win a popular vole in any stale. More so, 84% of Americans surveyed by Gallup in 1996 said they support equal rights for gays, and yet thiny-one states have rejected gay and lesbian marriage at the ballot box. Forty States have an outright constitutional ban on gay marriage meanwhile 13 states have no law on besti函ity. In the gay marriage debate, the religious issue of homosexuality is raised. In the United States of America, when you are married you gain access to 1,138 benefits, rights, and privileges. So if marriage is solely a religious thing, why should people be given benefits for being married, because that would be intertwining marriage and law? If marriage is solely a matter of religious sanctity, then wouldn't marriage be perverted by the addition ofbenefits, rights and privileges for doing something that is a holy duty? Although marriage has always been something that is hand in hand with religion, it has become pan of a societal benefit. Marriage brings the right to hospital visitation. Social Security benefits, the ability to help with a spouss's immigraiion, joint health insurance, various amounts of exemptions on estate taxes, family leave from work, right to be in the same nursing homes, home protection and pensions. Anotlier issue thai arises in the gay marriage debate is the idea of a "Chuck and Larry" efiect. The idea that people trying to gain rights will marry a besi friend jus- to receive benefits under the law. However, this is a double edged sword because the same can be done with heterosexual marriages. Although this is an issue of legitimate concern, there will always be abuses of any system. A man and a woman can do the exact same �thing if diey wanred to; they could get married just for the benefits that they both can receive under law. . The uDon,t ask, don't tell" law was passed in 1993 as a compromise to allowgays homosexual, simple servo in the military*, just as long as they were not known to be homosexual^ put don't ask anyone, don't tell anyone. The reason behind "Don't ask, donj tell, was io give gsys the ability to serve in the military. Although the original basis for "Don “Don'tt ask, don7t ieU,? was right at the ame, it has instead resulted in having almost the opposite : amount of people enecL Instesd c fallowing gays to serve in the military and increase the who volunieer, io dsic it has resulted in 13,000 gay and lesbian service members discharge. 800 of which were deemed essential personnel, and cost the American tax payers nearly 500 million dollars. In 36 stales There are no clear adoption laws. Leaving adoption at the mercy of a^ioptioii agencies, and judges. Although this can be good, because it does nor legally prohibited homosexuals &om adopting in these states. It does allow for judges and adoption agencies to discriminate against couples hoping to adopt. One of the arguments against allowing homosexuals to adopt is the idea that children who are raised in ssdiuona! families are better offthan those raised by single pt parents and homosexual couples. Although this has been shown to be true in a lot of cases, a lot of successful people have been raised in single parent homes, without a mother or father figure. The success 2nd well being of a child is also determined by the parenting of the individuals raising them. President Barack Obama was raised by a single parent and he has been rsihsr successful, even without a father figure. Homosexuals, as long as they are willing io give iheir love and suppon to a child are capable of doing the same as a single pareni, or bsner. As gay and lesbian couples get older their lack of protection under law, especially the economic and legal rights become especially obvious and troubling. In Sonoma Counij, California a gay couple of 20 years was tom apart by the county they lived in. It all started when Harold, 88, fell down the stairs. Immediately the county staned their e5bns agains: Clay, 77. They started by confining Harold to a nursing home and putting Clay in a different one, involuntarily. Even though the couple had proper paper work to allow for them ic lake care of each other in the event that one of them became ill, the county pressed for Harold's care in court, they won partial care by claiming Clay was only a roomnate. They also prevented Clay from visiting or being involved in Harold's care. They then proceeded to auction off all of Clay and Harold's possessions without detenninmg whose possessions were whose. Although this was a grave injustice and a very rars oecuirsnce, I pose This question, would this have happen to a straight couple? If homosexuals v. ere allowed to io be married, this could have been prevented, and Clay Ciay u j - — 一 —》―― ««.* 〜_ n r__________ c • would have been able Ato— be— — with his partner who died 3 months after falling down the stairs. Not only did Ciay loose all of his possessions he also lost the man he loved for 20 years. Homosexuals are people, they can love, they can hate, and they can feel the love and hate of the people around them. Although homosexuality can be debated as immoral a cEc；c«» ■__ i_ .n < ' a choice lifestyle, onrl and car*rilAmr>HC sacrilegious, itit aFF«*r«Tc affects nortnla people. ,•XT -No— state shall deprive any person of jiff* hp nrnrpcc nFla«f »,«->__ . S li电,1inf>rK.» liberty-, nr or nmnprtx' property, ■n.nthniit without Hdue process of law; nor deny to anyperson within jurisdictinn rne equal protection of the laws.' laws." 广.一 jurisdiction the WOWA1 ■◎y 网。SOMME! 0砌uiq/a’a r/g 宙切疚‘ 泌奕兹 ^^63佃> gp旋&、 ^Mauve&rb 0%dam 牙G)/庖& �$* i ES8 」 .S OA U」OIAI 二三巨 r a c z o >. 8 Wonder woman u)as created by WHUam Mourcon Marston, a consultant for DC Comics, in the year of 2舛。。Wonder woman first appeared in 19牡、in the All 嵌M's Comic #8・ Wonder woman is Known as princess Diana of the Aroason warriors of the QreeK Mythology. $h色 is said to be stronger Hercules and more beautiful than Aphrodite. Wonder woman has a variety of abilities consisting of stopping bullets with her bracelets, jumping very far distances, and a magic iasso that maKes her captives ten the truth. She is a membsr of the Justice League and predominately Feminism. In the First wonder woman shoio she was shown Fighting Nazis, in the:l%os・ Wonder Woman’s mother is Queen Hippoiyta, and she lived on Paradise Island. When the first creator died "Robert Kanigher started to write her. WKh this she gained more super powers including her earrings to give her air to breathe in outer space, her "invisible plane”, and her tiara became an unbreakable boomerang, and her bracelets aiicwed her to communicate u)itf)ner home island. As time went on her origins and where her poujers came from was changed. Her powers now came from ancient deities. ��■ You see the person walking down the street. You see the child running and playing. You see the dog playing with the chaldren at the park„ You see school has Set out and the kids are happy. �You see that same person still walking down the street. You see the child getting yelled at for bullying the other child. You see the dog begging for a scrap of food. You see some of the kids hanging around the =:崟:.三.••二 :I S-' |'.|e school with no where to g6 二一一 �You see the man at night looking for food and a place to sleep. You see the smile is gone from the child's face .and there is a bruise in place. You see the dog moping-and giving the eyes only a lonely dog can give. You see the kids running the streets and it's late. ,—-tit* _— ——，•-■•-卜————-——~—— —• -■*—— �You see the news, it seems another homeless man has dsed. ■You see-that another child was saved from abusive parents. gm You see that the pound has picked up another stray dog。 ' •，* " """" ■ You see that gang violence has taken another life of a kid. ��片* i e 一 顷 J / 「 T '气 3—LJ ��.Ki矗s-113 raid_血ip 一倒岫， Creative 住…％irab^h \… 啪, . J3l2Qc1 .... Mr. B 即m 业R.MwJd一 Heeps 检硕巧｝ Lysfonckn percent poem b^__Ls^p>Qsg-_jfe _blouse.* 把、 I am 25% daughter, Which couldn't mane me any bossier. 海 p on ---------- '一— ___ — ___ lam 25% sister, Which doesn't maKe things any simpler. _____ / ^uXcir /Ji I'm 10%smart,. Thei Because I'm not an old fart. 一郢 I am 10% role model, I worvizr Because I don't diddy dawdle. £__L _________ _ ____ _ — 必---------- I mig/) _ ---------------------------- —----------------- '- ...■■_—,------------------------------------- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Ttn 20% athletic, ______ ma% Co也与>_—------------------------------- ------------ ------------ Because I don't llKe to be a pain in the neck. ｝一虹一hold______ 刀比 q*_^ cne I'm 5% listener, Which makes tne a good sister. I'm 5% confident, Wb。wouldn't want it? I'm 5% competitive, Because! keep my head m Jt.珈loo% _____ jw "现 sk^_OSTQU£e_a^_JhtMh&s+一％~3>001<)・….— — .一 me, just Maureen. , ar”；------------_州彳一 �Kirby HalFs Last Visitor Kragstzd awoke to find liimself in a dark, foul smelling room. He g。 nor know how he go: there, nor why he was there. He stunibled to his 止" and walked trough the lone doorway in the room to another, even smaller more morose room. A： roinl Kragsiad stopped and tried to recall what-had occurred the pri: ：■二牝曜.The last thing he remembered was walldng clown South StreeL. o Jt eveiyihing after that was a blur. He vaguely reniembered being pusr n into 3 bush and a struggle ensuing, however he also may have dreamt thai. ; , Il was -ust ai that moment that he realized the intensity ofhis = He was in a dark room in a house he presumably had not seen, lei 一!er been in. He may or may not have been attacked and taken there. ：:：jldnion to ail these troubles, there was no clear-cut way to escape his prison. The room w as dark with a doorway connected to another'exactly the larger. There were barred windows in each room. Kragstad decided to look out one of the windows and see if he saw anybody. It v. as a dark and stormy night out; Kragstad saw other buildings and v/all^'ays. but no people. The scene seemed eerily familiar, but he did not knoi ., why. Al ihat moment he discovered a note on the window sill. The note read: -Which v. all doesn't belong? Find it and you may get quL” Kragstad Kragstad y^sent 「》sent into a frenzj*. frenzy. Somebody was actually actuallv out to get hini rut why? He decided that trying to figure out whomknd'why cduI3 be done deme iaxei 也心 and gd right right nov; nov? he he needed needed to to find find away away out. out. All All ofOie^lls of the walls seemed sturdy and were seemingly made of the same red brick. He went divmi around the rcom pushing on the v/aJls and finally he felt one give a littWg黑雀， pushtid pushed it. 1 Wif! ； f . He 责反 Pushing it over, but it only slightly budged H亲寐 • <j— ranuned it with his shoulder and the whole wall fell to the ground with a great billow. i<ragsrad heard somebody runup the creaky-iiepsmd heard '盟 Wm- Much to his horror he found tJt^wall.T “I got out; better hope you hiirry or you won5t.n Kragsiad, hoiTiiied from the note, ran toward steps when he heard a small continual hush noise and a Ibul smell started io fill the air. Once he " * the , 'large metal…doorr was locked, reached the top of the steps he discovered v/ith no hope of being opened. Unable to open the door he sat down and realized he was in a place he had been many times before. He was in the basement of Kirby Hall. As the minutes passed, the basemtnfs air became heavy with the foul smelling gas. Unable to do anything else Kragstad inquired as to lhe source of the mysierious smell and sound. It was the hot v/ater tank; somebody had punctured a hole in its gas pipe. Just at that moment the heater kicked on, blowing Kirby Hall and all its inhabitants to pieces. ���Maureen Con^?csinon Mr. Blaiim -910 How long have you waited fbr the fair to get the kind of food they ziske? Well now in the summers on Thursdays in Wilkes-Barre, you can discover new ihinss and have much more variety at the Farmer s Market. 「 一一 …二一. ^ 一一一一d一i New. vg musi be thinking what kind of experience can you get from a •” ______ __ xl Market? Well, you can't buy your milk or all your groceries there, Pamirs 1 z2:?. xigh it is 3 great cultural experience. '、「*?、％ firs： go to the Farmer's Market and step onto the square, w ::二E .lie 5rst thing 一you see? Probably . the trees because They are so tall and 丁胡己 shnde on hordays. So many people are just walking around and siiz^g onbtuches. There are so manjr different stands 10 satisfy your needsx-ou x\snt Tupperware, jewelryr, or candy up to your knees. I told ：,、、二Lie people and 1 almost forgot all the sounds, like the sound of whispering pasr your ear. Tlien there's the laughter of cliildren ranging all ; ej.rs. Also, the sounds that you hear every day, like busses and cars pzss±z by. The smelis can mix and confuse your nose. Just wait a second, there it gees- Food is 03、dilrh^nt from the smell ofperfinne. Cliicken is the srorgss: food if you're standing in the cenier. Then as you walk the 。二is rns of 也。square a new smell hits you. It smells really fresh and 如a、ihs ±esh Suits and xegetables. aive off oft a egetables. They fill your nose and give 巨削华 se:i££- all ±e bananas, cherries and blueberries. Along ^ith the 三 5; 二 -- 二二己三=also came the bad. These smells tend to make your yoiir nose very ssd-11 C27； be ； you cringe. Maybe it's 二二二 -w the smoke from a3 cigarette that- makes 旻 zlt - —.二 ihe smell of someone who just took a \\ iz " ..：住fS£?S Mevitableyou know： it will happen, whether it's 芝 £芝：emotional E Everjvct>- seat you sit on no matter maner the feeling Jnaybe maybea: -一一 =-----7------- Jat comes over you when find that special ,, c：工予 gyou when you find that special NUybe >t ss the the feeling ..臭 teehng you you get get when when you you eat eat vo£ your first first 罗箕？定咨.约pm s 典芝e ofthe air, butthat could be a mistake. 区钩 taste- so sour, (Tflen so sw&zt, 巧 ftave.血 po切er〃" Jf tfie tastiest treat. '，史4明饱七Mir colors, ml and^r&m, 匆W orange andydlow; 'Wfttk. so many otfi&rsj Likg-血 vibrant sfwen, 膏呷f 血血 fettozus.^^ .a r ��The Beach By Alicia Stavitzski Jake Jlonoosic 敏如m Compositum SHty water in the air Suntan lotion everywhere, The taste of ice cream in your mouth SeEgulls flying from the south. Woon £a£e at Midhi^fit listen to the ymdas it w闻s tfirougfi the trees, —W> J The beach is for me； its my special place. Its v/here i go to get some space. The sound of waves against the shore, Hestv/aves arising from earth's core, The waves clash on the beach like 衫 Titan's bolt Knocking kids down with a sudden jolt. The beach is for me； its my special place. It^s v/here I go to get some space. 5 姓縻硕醐筌 地WSs』 smo^e 甄亦 upfrom tfiefire 绻0 e^fesan(Cfuvw^s!^fp g'E'i” —J t —l ■ H ,■ Bringing tfunigdts oftfie Tdaros andthe etemaCjyyre, Sitting^七旭稗笋wi垠伽峋曾day's eruf gazing at tfie stars, waiting to Begin agairu t*岫 fie 61 roar ancCtdi People run and people swim. Always trying to look so slim. The sand is as hot as the beating sun, But everyone still tries having fun. a^^tening moon Ivery soon s钓 ww The beach is for me； rt*s my special place. I¥s where! go to get some space. Thm sunset compares to the northern lights, Except for the sunset resching amazing heights. Szny come and many go Just to see its sparkling glow. The beach is forme； its my special place. 饱 where I go to get some space. Qazin 鼻赫？n 血顷编痴咄jfto to a close. We fiave adtaken sfiawers-*'from IXWMJfctmmitMimrC 如0V.W； g bS，r deads ««^・<»5~，to fcV our v«*a toes. y Has 成奇,两洗 flame JVinv tHe s混钧 Rf-Sp,两说 its great Blazing bCazingfldme fulTcfjftanets, stars, and：satellites, yviGfancCvntame. �Leslie Torres Composition 101c Sy: Samantda. larky Mr. Blaum 22 July 2010 I drive into tfie campsite arufTm coming, I getfilled'-ivitft excitement andjustfeeCR^e dumming dk.e a 6ee tfiat is Buzzing. Mat a 6eautifuCc(a}i! I to go out amCjjQiy. I Rke going canyping Because it's notylam, 务 tfiis entire jjoem reaGxj explains. 'Me cook, on tfie fire cmdj)artx)ti.it lastsforever, Then tedstories tUT^vfienever. Sitting 如 tfie fire yvitfi aCTofTnyfriends J^ever going to skep ti(Ctfiej)arty ends. I 馅 going canning Because it's notyldin, 如 tfiis entirej)oem entireyoem ready explains. exptaii Most people think that they know the person ibcy're with or are close to. But nobody U. _• knows each other well until each person knows iiersc'f herbcf v.cll. v. ell. Everyone Everyonc leams about himselfilierself every day. My name is Leslie Torres, i v. e boni in Brooklyn N.Y; my pareais are Norma and Julian Torres. Some people may not think dial I'm daring and th# 1 go aitgr .邕；］ things that I really want to do. But I am and I do! People might not believe that Pm daring since I'm a very shy person who seems kind of quiet and not likely to do something like swim with baby sharks and other under water animals. Yes, I, Leslie Torres, swam with baby sharks. This happened at Walt Disney World in 2007. It was a first time I ever went there. Before we went, I was thinking to myself that it was going to be boring and that nothing fun was ever going to happen. But I was wrons，Whro we saw a sign saying something about baby sharks I thought at least this could be fun. A guy said that we could swim with them and that was when everything changed. It never crossed,my mind to swim with them. This shy person you、。s wing - you would never think she would do something like that. I may be shy and quiet, but you v.o> !d be surprised what.yoji_cduld leam once you get to know me. ^Vfien tfie stars are ttyvin^Rng ' 。命妍 ~。t,, I yvatcd them tiOJtfie -morning 礴fit： 1“ I "Qtc/i atcK tfie the Rgdtning dgfitning bugs Bugs gCaw g(aw 匆 t/iey/ly 四 my decufsoooo s如. Cij 1 依e going carriping Because it's not夕Sn, 如 tfiis entireyo&m ready exyCatns M/ien ” "ee see tfie morning sun, mn, 3Ve reafize aurnigfit^as ~—just •— fuCCoffun. m sun's so fiot It makes me yvant topass out on tfie spot. 1 籍咿 camping Because it's not plhin. 务血 entirepoem reatty expta^. c �Ths History of Iron Man The first debut of iron man was in 1963. He is identified as iron man because of his armor he wears. His look has changed frequently since his debut. The only thing that hasn't changed is the man who wears the suit and designs them, inventor Tony Stark. Not only does Tony Stark have no super powers of his own, but the armor that gives him strength was also created to keep his damaged heart beating, he could not survive without his iron shell. Eventually his cardiac condition was corrected by a heart transplant, and a later that left him paralyzed was repaired with a microchip. So even without his high-tech costume Tony Stark is a mixture of man and machine, what science fiction writers call a cyborg. Exactly who Stark might be without his armor is difficult to say. Writer Stan Lee and artist Don Hed< initially presented him as a suave playboy, part of a long tradition of rich men who have become masked heroes. Yet unlike most of his predecessors, Stark got his income from a specific source: he manufactured and sold weapons. Its undoubted utility, and there were hints that Stark was ambivalent about his role. When his business was menaced by a hostile takeover in a 1979 storyline, he collapsed into alcoholism, and a friend was obliged to take over temporarily the job of Iron Man. Stark publicly proclaims that Iron Man is his bodyguard, and to avoid prosecution for his own violence he once announced that the man in the suit had died and been replaced. He might have been talking about himself, since he is empowered by machinery and sustained by another man's heart. Beneath his polished veneer, Iron Man may be the most troubled of Marvel's heroes, forever fighting to prove that his armor is not hollow. Seeming to pluck his ideas out the air Stan Lee showed something like vision when he chose the country of Vietnam as the setting for the origin of Iron Man (Tale of Suspense #39, March 1963). In 1963 comparatively few American were interested in Vietnam, but before long the war being waged there would become the most cnjcial and controversial event of the 1960s. For Lee, the setting may have been merely expedient, enabling him to introduce the Communist villains he still employed with some regularity. Later, he had second thoughts about his somewhat simplistic treatment of the Asian nation's problems, yet Iron Man was a character whose very premise demanded political intrigue.The protagonist of the tale, Tony Stark, is a millionaire inventor and arms manufacturer who lead a seemingly charmed life, but who soon develops a problem, as did all of Marvel's best characters. While testing experimental transistor powered weapons in the jungles of Vietnam, Stark INS injured by an exploding booby trap and is captured by the enemy. Fatally injured by a piece of shrapnel that is working its way toward his heart, Stark is ordered to spend his last days inventing new armaments for the Communists; instead he constructs a suit of transistorized armor that also serves as a pacemaker to keep his heart beating. As Iron Man, he conquers his foes and manages to escape, but he is doomed to remain at least partially encased in metal until the day he dies. Life as a Marvel hero was never a bed of roses. Don Heck had the honor of drawing the initial Iron Man story, a rare opportunity in the days when Jack Kirby Seemed to get first crack at just about everything. And, in fact Kirby did have a hand in Iron Man. "He designed the costume." says Heck, "because he was doing the cover. The covers were always done first. But I created the look of the characters, like Tony Stark and his secretary Peeper Potts." Over all, it was Heck's solid craftsmanship that set Iron Man on the road to success. �Sa^rrriha Lavelle Ms. Kjiiilwwski Cc canons 12 2al>-2010 The snimal Kingdom ofiers many species that are of great interest to humans. Certain animals gain snezdem by biologist and the average person alike for numerous reasons. One certain animal that possesses characteristics is the bunerf'. HutterfliK have captivated our minds for centuries due to their remarkable bsauiy, unique Ehiral and complex life cycle. Mswis 二二erally considered a nuisance, people find butterflies appealing for their beauty. 里zzy tscs Li. ~ ?.;£ ■ z^nerfly gardens'' to attract the graceful insect with flowers full of nectar. Their Ioqkl「二己 6 m 二:resented by Egyptians on 35,000 year-old pyramid walls. The main appealing trait of buEerOizz 二 -一=吾 vddeh often contain an airay of brilliant colors. This insect is sometimes the subject of wall art, as 1： esn be pr^erved and framed. Also, their change in appearance- from larva to adult butterflyvisually rror^ens rebirth and new lie. As any witness can see, butterflies posses a pure, natural beauty in their First week of Upward Bound, we came to get dow. Got my keys, head to my dorm, had to fill out some forms Got up went down to the cafe to get somethin* to eat We gotta make sure we got our grains and our wheat, s 8 O'clock gotta get to my 4 classes, Gotta be there quick before the time passes, At 12:10 we heading down to the sub, I can't keep awake without .sdah fbiiiL I'm in every line filling up my tray, its lunchtime yay the best part of the While buxsniies appealing to the human eye, they have many odd traits and tendencies. For one, the smells 2nd 目艾es with its feet, testing the usefulness of the plant off of which it is about to feed. Re=^zk£bh\ N also hh Eicvel ；Zzrge 2rge distances year after year to mate and lay eggs in avoidance of harsh winter wes±£-. S三:三％ cziendkrs 五d butterflies will move about looking for edible plants. As per communication, ihey Z3S Z35 lisr tnsr w二； r； J _□ ctk crNs Is GiSerent sounds, or release special pheromones. Interestingly cnougli, these imqueer^^s 六 exoimic (cold-blooded) and have exoskeletons (skeletons imtside the body). Clearly, animalc bunerSies zre Wqna gumig o±er animals. day! After lunch we have some fun, acting up in theater or getting a dance Though extraordinaiyiL many aspects, butterfliesperhaps are 厂 most _______ 二、 w 二 notable for their complex life cycle. To 啷己弩孕 cbzn^s their<*metonorphosisM--------. Theirlifehas stages, ^fi^tbehigtiie egg ~ ~ AVVU ouagvo, U1C XUOL UGLUK U1V "gg age. Ai tms 成笋 a motne：:卒 eggs onto the bottom ofaleaforolher protected area. The eggs eventually hzlch 2nd Sae Izrvae S feed on on ±e ths plartto plsrl to which which their their egg3 eggs were attached. As larvae, the second stage, the young 血部呼 butterflies are considered large size,Lu»mg havingiotoshed shedtheir theirskin skinseveral several , 一 caterpillars. ,..cThey grow L to a somewhat —i"Lv, 篙潦普我嘿厩费%明料您 ^嚣况oiagc sta&ethat makes mem them unu intoadug f m 1_ • .l . mat iudK.es auuiw. you'll get yelled out, Right around the comer is ongoing activies, every how a spidar Epins wdss or silkworms spins silk. They hang upside Jovs m)m a branch as they work silky threads around ihcnselves, completely encoijmpassmg ---- ' .-. ■ * 号舞砌寸所 U)eir plump ugly bodies to begin their transformation into wake up at 6 but wish I can sleep till noon; we're not cocky were just done, right after dat we have a team meeting, where we sit around and talk about our feelings, Ah man I feel like im in therapy, every single day talking about you and me, Off to dinna last meal of the day, Gotta read a book for 20 minutes, no way! Study lab is right after dat, better do your work or 焉?代盘嚣雄算看嚣探整忸怒部理胳零噂e若脉怦虾 K篇*次z*馈忠醇鳗端上丽哀慕d亦 一 - ■ -- * caterpillar becomes more single day ya got someone with an injury, Watch out you better be careful, playing too rough can be a handfill; Free time, when the party begins, we get to chill out and hang with our friends, Bed time it comes so soon, I gotta confident, So when they tell us were the best, Thafs a compliment! 翼^;M第溢篇*注芯◎癖国=雄 stage of the butterfly ftags. At this point, the。心me pg翌昭-M P 一 我 the animal moves into its 1赧 牛0aforementioned traits and is considered attractive and graceful by most 住羽，：Vi：；-)s •仙知 it feeds frof ----- - 】nectar and reproduces; creating nHcnrint? Tnnrt also undergo underon the tha four fnnr stages cvm” of ,、< h!L. ofispring that that must Most animals live life in only one £Uge.叫 d^iging much froi life changes, the butterfly has as much more di\ g existence than m( )m infancy to old age. Due to its drastic disexistence 四 °thcr species. It individualistic look also contributes to its overall tendency- to captivate —*113 ana inspire us to leam more about them. -- Moo(m and Muatapfia Qantefi �, Erin Provenzano I cmw cL-stude^xt:at Q.A.R 丑初林以工 up /or a/ pHTgragcoZZemupward/Bourui： I iubvruttied/vny 冲plZcottorv cutd/I accepted.! QurCn伊甲沧毋咄例"SV吃y xunmer 雄衣r 依秒 theta 讦vcvdorwlwt" at leaiC we/^etto cnv'Qx^ weeke^td^ Al&owe/cvv(Matiov\/ ~Th& program/ io-badi actuMy Ctf^pretty foods u?eZ7/ work/ * done： I up aC6;50, cuT的eatlyredk^&t. Theyvl ^o-to- wiy fir丸da^whZcJv E多由vMkPetr潮夕 After'G^atl %rCommunicatt<m^ wl^v Mr.ftrosim^toni I dor说 know if I 甲eU"再由 wm&rfgJxt »n>» teacker. N泓I Literature/ widv MxKrugnv闻 I do* Sow ifl 甲elled/thaCv妍宓.Lg but Wl^v 1 my 12'10, tJixxX-1 to-cl* or yny They cir^boeh/pretty gcxy&butl clct^ better becouie- wa do- buiCnea- worh tnentmup Kt膈孙ggumnc咿oup. 腿*将场"时&如讯跖g枷血翊/ 籍吁 gbesu" u时竺 gg&ftr S/竺r workbutgr workbutgr 如止以 如正切 tgg teg 甲g Mr.Blaum Composition 7/20/10 Freedom Writers How would you feel if someone didn't like you just because of your race, or simply because of what you look like? Would you feel disrespected? How about alone? The movie "Freedom Writers'' inspired me to give respect to everyone. No matter what race or color you are, they could face the same issues and feelings as you do. You don't know what a person's life is like. You don't know how they are treated, so why make them hurt more to the point that a war is started. In the movie when one of the main characters said that she hated white people, I felt disrespected because she didn't know me; she knew someone who was white that took her father away. People fight fortheir own race to get honored by others. What people don't realize is that if you give the respect people deserve, you will get respect back in return. Every day you see wars that are happening in this world. Whether it is fighting in the countries or even in classrooms, we're all a family, and most people don't see that. Open your ”迎如斜山物gpw蛔BguL Sincerely, eyes and look at the people around you; they are just as important as you are. Treat them how you would want to be treated. Give them respect. �My Grandma's House Maxine Fabrizio There's a place I go where I feel content A place where I csn smell a lot of incense If you look all around you'll see lots of pictures You might even think the place needs a few fixtures My Grzndma^ House is really neat I know it will sweep you off of your feet The kiichen meows as I walk in the room My O My! I forgot to feed the kittens at noon I love me smell of her &esh pasta sauce Ifs like tbsz food, you have to watch! My Grandma's House is really neat I know it will sweep you off of your feet My brother and I are always there Sometimes I feel like we're in her hair I love biting into a delicious Rollo It makes me want to say t{Leggo My Eggo!" My Grsndma's House is really neat I know it will sweep you off of your feet I love hearing my Grandma sing Ifs just as good as listening to a king My family members come very often This makes her not want to go in the coffin My Grandma's House is really neat I know it will sweep you off of your feet My Hero A hero to me is someone who does the right things, not because they have to but because they want to. My hero is my Aunt Joey. She is my hero for many different reasons. One, she basically is my mother. When i was 7 and put in foster care she got me and my brother out and wejived with her. She does everything ‘'IL '............................... ：toTSthin65. If it wasn't for for me. 5he teaches me right from wfonis and how todo things. If i( wasn't for 料iq甲上 同，寸累UldQ您S嘲!. her I'm not sure where KcTbe right now. I know lcert< here writing this essay. She doesn*t have to do the things she does, but she doest .- . 舅,n!青 ■—. ― - _L …" ：一.一 亍* ―... : wf* 『a： __________ 1________ -二*______________ _ them becauseshewantsto.-Wherrno one^else was^herershe was^Everythlng-my f-J1 匕廿。 圈 mom should be doing, she is doing.' I ! 』§ n , j 1 」 My aunt and I are very close and I tell hereverything because! trust hervery much. I like that she showed me how to be strong In the worst of situations. Also, Hike that she taught .一」 「 ,、一. 一：一 me not to be afraid of what I want to do. In the beginning of Upward Bound I begged her to take me home; she said, "No," She explained that its something I have to do to help me in the future. She's worried about things like that when nobody else is. fm glad things ended up like this because If I ended up staying with my parents, I wouldn't be the responsible, strong girl I am Maxine Fabrizio now. �txui Fwjy 如 a (hHOOfo Ode to Oreos Ckocolate Cookie and Vanilla Cream This treat is better than the rest. Chocolate and vanilla is a realty good team, Makingjunk加od diversity tke best! You can dip it in milk, Or kave itjried. Out often, 1 give it an eleven. Smooth as silk, You may happily die, Because this cookie will send you to keaven. By: Karly Mason le-i 归 ySCW mW I �By: Marissa George Do you have any fears? If you do, then one more couldn*t hurt. On the other hand, if you don't then you will soon enough. I bet you are wondering who I am. My name is Jack Samuels, I'm a teenager, and, likes some of* you out there, I thought I had no fears. I wasn't afraid of anything, but that was iwhen anything , 〜 was almost nothing. = Now that my newest, and worst fear, has been overcome I take nothing for granted. In one night I faced the fear of all fears. 〜 It was on a cool July 14th afternoon; I was playing kickball in front ofKirby Hall with some friends of mine. Rumors spread that the place was haunted by the ghost of a young girl who was burned to death inside, but I refused to believe such nonsense. Anyway, it was my turn to kick and I kicked it really high. The ball flew through the air and smashed a window. The window just happened to be on the third floor, the exact room that the girl died in. The door had no number; in fact it was never used. My friends were upset that I lost the ball, especially James. The ball belonged to him so it was understandable, but it really wasn't my fault. I decided that I would recover the ball during free time so that I wouldn't be late for Study Lab again After the world's most boring class, I signed out and went to Kirby. For some strange reason I felt nervous the second I entered. Every step felt like it took an hour to make, and I think I was frightened for the first time. Of course at the time I would never admit it, but it was creepy. Every light was out and all the rooms were empty. I pulled out a flashlight and started looking around. Since I had a good hour to myselfj I decided to see if the rumors were true. So far it was strange, even though the limits were out, all the doors were unlocked. First I went into the room that used to be a kitchen; unfortunately I found nothing. Next was the used to- be- living room. The room was pretty big, but very empty. It was like a normal classroom, minus the students and teachers. I was about to leave when I noticed a box that I didn't see before. I wasn't sure how it got in there, but boy was I curious! I opened it and saw old pictures and some possessions. There was one picture that stood out the most; it was of a young girl wearing a bright green dress and a golden locket. Underneath the fairly large picture was the dress she wore and the same exact locket, except they both held evidence of the past fire. I was about to climb the staire, stairs, hoping to find more interesting items, when I heard a door open. I quickly composed myself and pointed my flashlight in the sound's direction, revealing my friend Jazzmin Golden. She was always poking around in here during the day so I wasn't very surprised. Well she waved to me and then noticed the locket and dress I had in my hands, "Where'd you find that dress? More importantly, why are you carrying it around?" I sighed because she probably thought that I liked it or something, and replied,** This is the dress the girl wore the night she died, I thought ifl took it with me she'd show herself So far there has been no sign of this so called ghost." Jazzmin continued studying the dress and after a few minutes an idea popped into her head. "Jack let me wear the dress and locket." I just stared at her confused for about three minutes before she continued.，*Maybe ifl walk around with you while wearing it she'll come out. If she does show up then we can take a picture of her and have evidence that she never left" I thought about this for a moment and then decided it was the most openminded idea that we'd ever come up with. "Quickly change, Til wait out here.,, She smiled and ran into the nearest classroom; apparently she really wanted to put on the �lging and put her hair 迎 she walked out into '忑与 妾膘 1 likX 薄 thepicture. drsss 二eckla. Aftsr sheM Suited ±e hall I: c----------=— ~Sc co I lock?" she asked —e as i Mou look fine now lefs see ifyour idea was 3二 Hsh: ~cw yc^ kzow thai c~ " We ceci-sz h on ±e second floor, then we，d head to the room the fire iz. 0 seoezd which ekcu Seaked me Usually seoeze Socr £ocr was pe^efuL pesceniL which 皿 out 皿.件 】when “山 you -^-"k 2 ztvt* zee 冬§ ssnie rush of peace, a dead peace, Uie kind that makes you 口=兵 二三M like ii's if s ±e hst ±mg Eng you'll ever do. As much as both of us ： = ?? j sil二ce vrs ccuI±i!L Jazzmin was also now starting to freak me out 。己is m iis wzols h'nlnrng, but it wss 2. ssd peaceful, like she felt pain. ~~-"v y 77 玄^ h H the ±ird floor, the room where it all happened. It was this 三二 ___ zocr, sizi died; also it wss the room that held James' kickball. Jazzmin roc:_______ 三 cas^iZy, 3S ifi: wsre her own room. I was a little nervous because this room —e i bad 全Wizg bx my pnde goi the bOTer of me, so I walked in fairly even LM一 She、K —e a uHm azd szi down» holding James，kickball in her left hand as her 三=zzzrrzec frrzze^j sir rear her. I took the desk to her right and she tossed the ball to do s二 kzzw zie sxiy of the gid &at was burned to death in here?" I thought ±r z —^~二=zrd rsilzzsd I didn'i know the I knew about five difierent versions . "No, do yonk She nodded snd Med me, making sure I was paying 上二 匕=±i mZ yuz it tuzvdc you'll mdeistand the rumors more conqiletely then?' A:三s 3-1 do is nod, even th。噂i about a ±ousand questions flooded my =q be ziked. fell Jack, the girl was about my age; actually she had just zzssz 二:.寻 二 ±e day of* izcidsiL You already saw what she looked like so PU M = h zh±:±232. Arysij; EisEiigotabesmiful green dress from her grandmother =±= M 5^zdz±er. Her parents didn't csre much so she received ±e s=£_ mih- gHihsin^ her gran屯jarents left and the girl 三二 三=fe±sn She hid in her room crying when she heard a knock at 二 三二 Cf shs M to mswct :it, snd when she did a boy, similar to you in locks zzi. pe3ccxl±y. _ _ rain. _ ...” '<What was the rse yre her, soaking wet from the 七二^ 三"三 土e crhere fb-thsimsner?^ Jazzminj^t continued 〜一一 cr = = = WV We'D call &e boy Jack, in your honor. Now as I was 气二M 三 we ==d ofhes, actually he was her only friend. He was an 二W— um u二二 =二. se they 一二:于 -? m ^ ^=-y妄三 x^se theycouldn't couldn'thandle handleaachili child.Jack Jackwould wouldeither ei±er w二=上二== y星 u 亏卖:予 u苏 Of COUISS course 出* th* g ihe oiphanage, 0Iphanaee, = 了兰； was always the 芳 ｝ 已 宇 登户女 went 呼 into her room to talk" ---—:=^and Jack went up into her room to talk she 二e 二=三 w arx 气户匚 he* 二^ N M 心ei Ate an hour of talking and Iaughin2. N二 =-----------hour of talkmg and laughing. 二二二二 . J .17?~S v=r, bm wond- 三金M兰气W始坚蛟-Eg"福商云 二〜二二二二 7 二一二==-：5 -Jazzmin. why did the bov have 二二一-二 泌* Th= parents caught the bov up^airs -二…二：二"V" —*I3H...CW 。、、after 虹 q walked ' ■ Ok now Jack ----------------------------- 二检r ：—"㈣ comingftomher.j .… r room. The --- ----- ---；--L_. - ： .二 exploded. .^11 he could see were bright flzzits 竺£ J rx-A ■z-co :' 二 &匕.a & window. She he rac「♦知…二； ^_二 2 二=二 J 三.=The a~ esu^e so & ^ve up and used her last few F竺嗯 breaths to make a promise..... Someday, years from now, a boy just like him will show up and she'll get her revenge." I was very frightened, my fear radiated from my eyes es Jazzmin stood up, siill facing me. "Did she ever get her revenge?" Jazzmin shook her head as if to say no, and said, <sNot yet, but she will....sooner than you think." I didn't understand what she meant by that iinril I thought about everything that happened tonight. I realized, after a few minutes of deep thinking, that I was the boy the ghost was after, but more importantly, I realized the ghost was the one person I had trusted all this summer... Jazzmin! My face revealed my horrific discovery and shs knew it. Her smile turned from sweet and innocent, to that of a killer. I begged for her to stop messing with me, but then she disappeared. A scream sounded, but it took me about a minute to realize it was my own. Fire seemed to swallow the room, like a starving lion, and there was no escape. I tried the doors, but they were locked and really hot. I tried the windows, but they refiised to budge as well. For once I was afraid, not of dying, but of the pain. I would meet the fate that followed a young innocent girl, but I decided I wouldn't share her fate now. Even though she did this to me, I refused to hold a grudge. I relaxed all my muscles, closed my eyes, and waited for whatever was to come. Sitting in the room felt like it had been hours, but it was only a few minutes. After a few more minutes I opened my eyes to see that I v/as outside on the grass lawn. Oddly enough, there was no fire, just peacefulness. It was a happy peaceful, like when you realize life gets better. This peacefulness soon grew as sleep took over me. Now that you have heard my story, I wish fbr you to guess my fate........ The right ending would be that I never woke up, but you can think what you wish. Jazzmin still haunts Kirby Hall, but I try to keep her under control. Just remember When at Kirby, watch your back! ��9 A woman walks down the narrow lane. Tilting her hat, she walks in shame. No one knows her name, No one cares to ask Just a quick glare as you let the woman pass. The Ladv With Curls She's very old fashioned, on which you can see, Sbe's very quiet withdots of patience. Sitting alone waiting fbftime to pass, A heart filled with tempitetions. I can see she has classT' ― I don't think she knows, We are in the 21st century. q/ In her world, its 1962, Sis sesined helpfesJiRka paper wthout lines. Her hair thin with'bjondu'curls; Her dress filled with diflcrciit designs, Especially when iijwrls. And she's walking away from a place she was once going ro. Her friend came along and gavelier his hand, Holding him close to iier her like its love. love」 It's like they m^dv miu.lv up lheir their own land. He heard a soyiul from up above. Maybe she's in disguise. They danced all night, Without a care. teNo need to cause a fight, Since we're both losing hair". The place is secret, Walking fast, to keep away from all the lies. All the lies, she thinks a disgrace, Another reason to hide your face. By： Karly Mason ��Dear Mom, There are many e)q?eriences I have been through throughout my life from the time I was born until new. The most recent and enjoyable memory I have experienced is being in the Upward Bound Program. This program opened many new doors for me. Being able to meet new friends, discovering what 1 want to do in fife, and being responsible is going to lead me in the right direction on toward coIJege. The Upward Bound Program will help me; not only for college, but through the obstacles I might need to race later on tn fife. When first Kmlng to the Upward Bound Program, I was shy and I was afraid to talk to anybody. 1 thought rry whcN sbe weeks of the program would be boring. After the first couple days, I made many friends and 1 starred to become accustomed to the campus lifestyle. It is interesting to be able to expenencs this situation while still in high school. KiEhsdwolere share a specific dream. This dream is going to college. Many people will give you neg3th-e thoughts snd say college is too expensive. Upward Bound helps me come to the conclusion that 1 could go to 8也苹 and succeed high in life, without it costing me a fortune. There are always to be obstc-Ias and struggles along the way. Se%re I esmeto Upward Bound, I was unsure on what I would like to do in life. Upward Bound snowed me so msny career choices and helps me have some ideas on what I would like to do. I think becoming a ；t^ ----------------, • to stand up for what I believe in is my main goal. Even rfits my personality. ~Being able tho^histiU have two years of high school left, it is great to be able to get a head start， — ------ o—- —wkua t on my career choiw! it is strange that you are not there every morning to wake rr.z 二■*. !t me up. It took me awhile to be 瞄虹中 a 血 o，dock 印时 morning. It was hard at first but I achieved Up^rd --- -- ------ 3 Bound doesn't s!y nelp me in Endemics, but the program helps you become a 口荷而矗,aL responsible, successful person. I am teaming how to work in an office, being able to manage time, and, to have fun! £b'e tte summer program,施 having doubts. I thought it would just be straight w.in no fun Aftera week being here, I am am having 。much |ssy0U the family, famHy having sso much funl fun! II m miss you and and the but tms program is leading me in the right direction. Y Y， Love you. Trenaya Dear "Readers, 手or aCC of those y^fio care, my latest experience fias 6een Gfe cUcmgtng. I am in the. ILfnvarcC^BauncCTrogram at y/iCkes Vnvversityj. 9-fere I get tfie experience tfiat I wilTne应in coCCege, I also meet a Cot cfne^v students tfiat are dke me trying to get tfie experience of college. We are aCso takingfour major subjects tfiat -wi/T Be. (earning next year. This ^wiCCyrep usfor ivfiat we wilTWe experiencing next year, I reaCly feeCtfvis y^iCCfieCp me. out, especially wft/i efiemistry. I am also taking a composition class to fteCp me y^itfi writing. J aCso met a Cot of ne'w j)eoy(e at "UfrwarcC(BouncCancC macCe. ne^w friends. In tfie reaC-wor(2Q ifI don't comrnunicate y^itfi I ^wiCCnot go anyivfiere in Gfe. It is goocCtfiat I mack ne'w friends because naw I am not (bnety. Tde bestpart of tfusprogram is v^fien we fiave our ongoing activities ancCfree time. This is ^vfien we get to fiave fun ancCrelax a Bit. The ^orstyart is at study (ab. I Cove tfie fact tfiat we get time to do our wor@ ^ut ^we sfiauCcCBe a£S to taCk to each other ancCCisten to our music. I can't ^vait to get out of study 血0 wAeti we go tficve. Otfier tfian tfiat, it is a.CC good! Sincere^t y\JlmacCJA.R �忌7 二 *争8土- /金孕多 夜底弩敛^泌皿o海元农矽■响必1 泓"双浓泌施加泌"泌弟胸山汗踌/ 疔W罗农吧/弘件蜘矿穿&如6 璧^. 羿滋 々4- •宛以物呼做a顶湖切*泌M榕以，mg、 A fi，） * , . NO勿以与.滋成 ，奴&幻如诚％f,农 Siomara Amigon Ms. Kruslinowslci Communications 101 Summer 2010 11 July 2010 Amigon 1 Body Piercings How many of you have your ears pierced? How many of you have your ears pierced more than once? How many of you have a piercing anywhere in your bndy oiher than your ears? It has become more than obvious that in the last ten to twenty \e.irs body piercings have become more ofamainslreani in society today. L\ er.\)ne who is anyone has some sort of piercing that is encouraged through the media in some sort ofw^-. body piercings are everywhere you turn your head: lips, longues, noses, eye brows, checks, navels, you name it. They've been change Irom what tiiey originally stood for, into a sort of fashion starcinem that has taken its loll all over ihe world, throughout history, people have decorated and altered llicir appearance of their bodies in many different ways. Body piercings is one of the oldest and most interesting forms of body modification, yet llic reasons fbr the piercings are different depending on the person's culture und beliels. Body piercings originally weren't wom ibr fashion, but because they represented something tliat that specific person was trying to portray. In a sense, one piercing represented a personal quality that the person who had it wanted to show he or she had. Body piercings can literary be traced back down to the ancient times when tribes and clans practiced this wnque art of body modifications daily. For example, for the Egyptians, body piercings signified status and love. It was very gentleman like tor an Egyptian man to have his ears pierced with larger gauged plugs. Thcrcibrc, plugs are one of the oldest forms of body modifications. In addition, the Romans also practiced this art with specific aims and views. In other words, they chose piercings that they believed represented the way they were as a person. For example, the males pierced Uieir nipples to show their ability and effectiveness io get what needed io bt done. done. In addition, for 山c males to have their nipples pierced shows their complete devotion and commitment to the Roman Empire. 一the ..Aztecs 一… — -------------represenlcd 心二二、sirengUi 血 1' For and the一_ Mayaiis, body piercings and 二They T：~_, believed ：▼：：__ _ that —-1- certain -—“‘I piercings, 1like 汰e a gauged nose, intimidated there fierceness. enemy.'Therefbre if they felt intimidating to their enemy, then u is obvious^hat tee confidence is higher and ileleal is physiologicallyf easier. For 山e Aztecs and the Mayans though, a tongue piercing and the way the piercing v> as done, was a pan of their religious thought 』 to bring them closer to their gods and was a type rituals. The tongue piercing was 亡二二!" of blood-letting ritual. . r,,.., , , Al] in all, it is apparent that tliat the views of body piercings have changed as the centuries pass. 物71， �Frisouiis 1 Alexandria Ardoline "1210 此Banm Amanda Frisouiis Ms.Krushnowski Communications 12 July 2010 The Sphynx Cat My Hero A hero, to me, is someone who has been there for you or helped you. A hero is someoze ■who ssves you or someone you want to be like. A hero is someone you can depend on. Nfcst people, if asked, will tell you that their hero is their mother or father, a sister or a bio±er, another femily member or a friend. My hero is myself rve never had someone lead me down the right path to where I should be going in EH Ilezmed where to go all on my own. In my life, there have been people who have &ere fbr me and helped me through some tough times, such as my ftiends and mOy, bw not even they can be there all the time. I can't count on anyone except myselfl Ifsa ， Msh world out there and I think everyone has to leam to be independent at one pom cr sxoxns-. My dad always told me to trust no one. I never took that seriously, but I mat he means by it now. It's a dog eat dog world. When it comes down to it, peep上 zre going to do what they can to forward themselves in life. If they had to pick between ihwsdves and you, they*ll pick themselves. i dsn i look iq)to anyone, and I don't want to be like anyone either. I will only ev, 3三1 to be： and live for, myself. The only thing that matters in life is what to do, 12 yen're you're 0jpy, hzppy, and if ifyou*re you're proud of yourself. I am where I want to be LC1right ； , • now, Ts more proud of myself than ever before, despite what anyone else thinks. I try to I try to be “ 22 —■ snd mature *■ as I can, and treat everyone with respect unless they have done me-wrong. Dg cm people isn,tgmeming something Hike 能气… 二 泣g二 Hike to to do. do. Fd Fd rathe rather fend for myself. I W 总兰弋伊弩血狄 be g for y°u・ J如 when you need someone the most, tneyre gone, and the only person you have left is s yourself Can you honestly think ofsomeons that has been there fbr you every second and not once turned their back on you or hurt you in some way? You can 1holdyourh ** * 淘 upfgh. You don't need someone to doitforyou. need someone to do it for you. Everyone has strength to grow and be strong 当欢唧'J 如、Hke to think of all of this as a cegaiive, even though， you might think thaHt isJ*, push yourself harder and harder fbr w嬴 二.三 ,* It's just more of a reason to 八’■ Wwywd；onothavm°fM on people and expect them to save you. Nobody can save you. You ------can save yourself. Be hero. your own What do you think of when you hear the word cat? Most of you probably picture fluHy kitty like this, but there are many different types of cats and one type of cat that I'm going to be talking about today is called a Sphynx also known as a Canadian Hairless or a Moonstone Cai. The first time anyone ever seen a Sphynx was back in 1966 in Canada, when a Domestic Shonhair gave birth to a litter ofldttens with a naturally occurring mutation of hairlessness. But a Sphynx is not always totally hairless: there can be tiny hairs on their body which makes them feel like a warm peach. But because they lack the normal protection of fiir they are prons to sunburn and sun stroke. Even though a Sphynx can have hair, they do not have whiskers. The skin of the Sphynx cat is the color their fur would be, and all the usual cat marking patterns may be found on a Sphynx too. One question most people ask is "Don't they get cold?" Well, of course they do and if it's too cold fbr you it will be too cold fora hairless car too. However, these cats are smart enough to find a warm human, dog or cat to curl up with or they might even go under your bed covers. Since a Sphynx has no hair they can't absorb body oils so they need to be clean at least once a week. " A Sphynx is a substantial, strong medium size cat. They have good muscle development and they should look like they have a bit of a belly as if they just finished dinner. They have an open-eyed, intelligent face and a friendly expression. The Sphynx cat is i h：ghiy affectionate, sociable, and Intelligent. They are definitely people caf,. They will o. grej 、- ：• )'ou —when you come home, snuggle up with you while you're watching 一 qd sleep c 、. TV«air ；Vp tn ride«: nn televMs.. with e you. They 1like to hitrh'nrradnnal hitch occasional rides on vnnr your shniilders shoulders, and and thev e\ er. (o give kisses! Since these cats are usually healthy they can live to their late p： early Twenties and they really become a pan of your family.,, , ~ - ~、、Sn：：\-nx is a very patient and adaptable cat, making them an excellent choice fbr ap 角「二二:乙 apar-v:: \iv.9指 【电；s篇 andd those with children or other pets. They are loyal to their families anC cn i、attention and love their company, which includes playing with them and ever 丁 : " fj-h. A Sphynx likes to have attention and some owners have described ther . "T. >、' ；'. cat"- with it twisting and turning in mid-air and other antics it certainly can bt、numerous cat at times. 、popie 二：,£ think that since they are harmless you can't be allergic io them but Vov di \，；L 盅 e；;r3 produce some amount of dander, the usual culprit fbr causing allergic all cd Sphynx '..S 「most people with cat allergies find they are able to tolerate a Sphynx, reacuc：:s. Hewer, 'the type an?severity of the individual's allergic reactions, there are still but doendinu on t. Hvewidiiis breed. The average cost fora pet Sphynx m the U.S is people who cannot SI,500. You may find kittens fbr more or less than this. But if you want a aboui S\03r>-S' d fbr show it can cost up to S3,000., -though a sphinx cat is very unusual and rare they are ;__ - — A 岬旺空皆瞰挡 onte in the consider~。溢 .of the most _amazing e^id unusual person yourself and your world. So if your strange』〜一■:---- ; thinking about getting a cat consider a Sphynx, �^ H x H 孳争套 n-X L H s x H H H M R ^ ^ a 套 feM s > $ $ BakBakerler 1 BRANDON 日AKER The: Death ofan Innocentman My Hero LIKE TO LIVE IN A HAUNTED BUILDING ALONE BY YOURSELF? THIS BUILDING'S NAME IS •- 二：二了三ero is my mom. 1 would say my mom because, for one, she is my Kirby Hall. It was built in 1S73-1874. It is very old and has a bes:三二二 二己 fbr szo±er, she's someone that I look up to. J VERY DISTINCT ODOR INSIDE. THERE WERE MANY STORIES TOLD Th? rszszz 土： my mom is my hero is because I can trust her. Everything that I about this place. =11 her us, unless 1 s«iy that she can share it with others. She is the only one TELLS OF A v. ent through a lot aj^^tbpk up to her bucausc i know how bad it feels n 二-- e evenlhing blzmcd on you. She protectSThe from things that will hurt me. Sr.= is —rok model. Most young girls would likc.tobe like a celebrity or even - 三二 一 ■二er - j. ‘ am： .- E Jy.d 鼠 --r '上句 get older bufl am notlikeiiiat. 1 would like to be like 下.- i. wtui. 1WVU1U 11R.C LU UC 1LKC Illy 1110111 nwrai knows exactly what to say at the right time and she will 二：■二w with every decision that 1 make. She will do anything to keep me One Legend Teuls Of A poker game gone WRONG AND NOW A GHOST RESIDES in M：：=二:Z2Q =b.e enough to talk to about anylhing and she will always listen. frc~ M HAVE YOU EVER IMAGINED WHAT IT WOULD BE deked rVho is your hero：" what would you say? If I was asked that I w Kirby CAN HEAR HER footsteps running up and' down the STEPS. SO ONE DARK AND STORMY NIGHT, THIS MAN OF MYSTERY IS WALKING AROUND HIS HOUSE AND FINDS OUT THE REASON WHY THE WINDOWS ARE ALL BARRED UP. IT WAS BECAUSE SOME LITTLE GIRL WAS BEHAVING VERY BADLY A^D HER - either physically or emotionally. PARENTS LOCKED HER UP IN THE HOUSE AND BARRED THE ..二时 mom is one of die only people that I can talk to. The person WINDOWS SO SHE COULD NOT ESCAPE. '■ - - - s： 3 my birth mom. but she treats me like I am her biological Another Tale FIRE THAT KILLED A UTTLE GIRL AND NOW YOU THAT EVENING EVERYTHING WENT WRONG. THE HANGING FELL FROM THE CE1UNG, THE PIPES BUSTED IN THH BATHROOM 一~ 二 someone that I cun look up to and say ••Mom, I wish that when I gei . l- ： -s:ly like you/' My ni-rn is niy best friend and my hero, and, last but mi d二二 J 二，： imponantiy. che is my mom. CHANDELIER IN THE AND A FIRE STARTED flickering ON and UPSTAIRS BEDROOM. THE LIGHTS KEPT OFF. HE WAS SO SCARED HE TRIED RUNNING OUT OF THE HOUSE BUT AS THIS man OF MYSTERY WAS ABOUT TO RUN DOWN THE PUSHED BY SOMEONE STAIRCASE, HE GOT OVER THE OLD WOODEN ��3-. -. 兽二 ， 一 r.1 - 一 Adam:」 e 一 en Mge 一 be. 「号 『 -- -zr y E 's ! > > -"o t l F n l I approach m%.- doyodare L-fe - Trenaya RBd -Finding the Ex=r o f f ��Brittany Carsy July 27, 2010 Good Evaning Honored Guasts, Ladies, Gantierren end Studsnts - ，工：2Clv Our high school years szem to have passed in c flurry at activities： courses a+tendze, grades attainad. extracurricular activities, social evznfs and lesson learned. It is hard to balisvs that tha next fw months will sae the Graduating Class of 2012 feeing naw horizons and challenges. Sor-,c of us may stay doser to home, soma may mo佬 Sightly further away and yet athsrs may find themselves in a totally different conf iner.T. Where evar you may find yaursdf and ©f/邸id GJid 学做的Q whatever challenge you may have chossr to follow and explore - hold true To what shaped your -yesterdays; acknsw'adge dfid Who lik^ 拿and 棚柘dl&llkeh奇?血血i rzQoeli,寸知d ^Jid, ease W%o 惨 既戏,A斓bi efono. dog,如税籍 & 给涉 c/g但初 homo. £ak或 qjprzciare what you are today end dare to be oil that you can be tomorrow' As the Graduating Class of 2012 “二"2ad to express cur gratitude for the wonderful opportunities that we were exposed to Our thanks must go io cH the craft_ar>d，he mana羿rnsnt of Lake-Lehman Jr. / Sr High School. We ere privileged to have attended this school. Lake-Branan Jr. / Sr High School offers a world class educction - of that we have no doubt. As we meke a relatively^ffiooth transition into life es七 beyond school, I am sure that the fine education that wc rctxivcd will stand us in good stead -time and cgtxin. Our thanks must also extend to our parents and guardians. You have rsRaired committed to cur education, bu* rare imps riantly. ycu have remained committed to us. You have stood by our sides, even when things may hare seemed a bit rocky - steadfast and constant - stability in a time of turmoil, hesitancy and cur quest for independence. Today, v/z stand on the brink of a rtzw chapter in our lives. Take a nwnwnt to reflect cn everything that we have achieve!. Tate o mogrf to look beck 血 tc s« and appreciate just how fcr we have dl come Today is our opportunity t。acknowledge our ccccmplishner.ts. Serna rray hav= achieved more than others with relative ease. Some may have had t。wsk hardsr...rroy havz had to dig deepsrto find the resolve to continue to rssst the challsnga - and perhaps sere.■may have let opportunities pass them by? Eithsr way, tedey， you nasd to acknowledge v/herc you ofc you may find that your high school years wsre yaars well spent. You y find that you rcaret soms of the epportumt* that you allowed to 如by. AdvWed并 then, accept them and then pre* 十。rrw on...to tomorrow! Vou 心d to dare to dream to tedl that you can 2 tomorrow. Dab Ccrnegie Md, *The person who g。* furthest is generally the onr who is willing to DO and 眼呷 This is the chafe that 1,« before you this ging. bare to bs all that you can be and then some. It is time to get cut in the world and mate $cn«fhin5 of yourself and preve Tc the i M-jll make more opportunities then he finds." Thcnk you, world that you ere sarraons. Once said by Francis Bae。" A wiS£ 田71 have a good night and good luck out on your own. �Frisoulis 1 Dreams m 心 pneb Friso疤 15 year old girl named Ashley «-ho aiwzys 二土year2汽 go to the ., beach, the _:------- avery uiiy wc—Everygy o— , bay, or even ihe 二二— 5^e rould -—hswimtssni. …A -二 湖庭网讪 g of** medals on tn= -7 Ws： 壬±5 xo'rt'n as.二 m -二±= 7 ―一一 _ B zofng to school she saw Matt, a boy she likeo. So insteaa M Edout 。皿 wantedher hert 普宣 。 g 二=二W n茶贰混嚣益 远：o him and found he wanted to。sinp schoo. "廷 5 二二二 “ warned eft Matt Me to tn like her so she said she would wouia skip. le-> •三二二=skrrpez £22^2L.f ： bH she 三=三 土撰二M *二玄 s Mh3 上was was aa "Bad “BadBoy Boy”” and he wanted to go tag up w梏 near me Trt 二:三上二二 = -----—-—c~-~二^3=--v—--,-r walls - eventualiy she agreed to follow. As Matt was lagging^up shoelzce栏。:，二―=—二—--- —3iz=o so缶毛 fee%• -started startedtotorun. run.As Asthey theywere wererunning runningAshley Ashley =ssshoeizce H 全IL Before Matt could come help her, the tram came ana choppec on 三 berv =5 --------------------- ;_、-.= _=__ 二飞 r ~ -------------------------- j - - - -. - . 二二二 ihey were unable to reattach her foot so now sne jusr hss a nub, 7 —2. vw -二u th： accident 211 Ashley isn't one 01 the best swimmers in town anyinore. So ~~ sis sisby ihe uiebay baywondering wonderingwhat whatcould couldhave havebeen. been. 22*' "-—end — Amanda Frisoulis Ms.Krushnowski Communications 16 July 2010 Change Imagine grov.dng up in New York fbr 13 years, having a big happy family and amazing friends. Then, when you think your life is finally going great everything you know and love is taken away from you. Well this is how I felt when I moved from Rockaway, Queens in New York to Hanover Township in Pennsylvania. 「 Well this all started when I was going into 8“ grade and my Dad realized that New York wasn't the safest place to be. So one day when I came home from school he told me that we were moving to Pennsylvania. I didn't want to move and I cried so much that I convinced them to let me stay with my cousins and my grandparents to finish out the rest of the year. After that year ended it seemed like my friends became best friends and my family and I got closer and my love fbr New York became stronger. I eventually came to Pennsylvania and it felt like I left everything behind me, my family, my friends and all of my memories. The day I left was one of the saddest days of my life. I cried so much and I thought about how I wouldn't be able to hang out with my friends and family every day. I also thought about hov I _ __to ’’ ----------------…七 wouldn______ 5t be able run’ up 弋一一 the block and go to the beach whenever I felt like it or take a train ride with my friends to the city, but even though I was going to miss liss that stuff I don't think that was the only reason I was upset. I think I was so scared to come here because everything was so different, the scenery, the schools, and even the people. . . The The first first night night here here was the worst. Everything was so new and quite 1 just couldn't sleep, so I ended up thinking about my hometown in Rockaway. n —1c、，Eventually, f.Etnollv IT fell asleep but for fbr the next few weeks I was mad at rt ��4 items sold there. On a brutal summer day, you may want to invest in a pair of designer * sunglasses for only five dollars, which are perfect fbr any outdoor activity. For those with a sweet tooth, the candy stand is hard to pass by, oflering many favorite treats, such as The Fanner's Marker U k 二Q tc w in so little time, if s hard to qpreciaie all that the Wilkes- candy cigarertes, jolly ranchers, assorted lollipops, or sour patch watermelons, which Ek 七N^ethas to o^er. Uniiing the young and old, rich and poor, ii's good to happen to be my favorite. You'll also run into the stand run by two Arabs that sell various 乙 a beaanfid Thursday afternoon. A quick run over on lunch break w: too many other items. If you are a fan of fresh produce, then you must experience the 、' 工•： u 二 c:±S Uuy fbr many individuals working around the square, and the food is '〜了 二 t；ct± 公 土. Whaiev页 may be your motive fbr going, you're bound to have a good If you ever run across some free time on a beautiful Thursday afternoon, don't 7™ is 3 surprisingly large amount of diversity in the heart of Wilkes-Barre, -：zlzz. hesitate on taking a trip down the square to experience the Wilkes-Barre Fanner's v,n-h msiiy ptos and cons. You're bound to see old faces, whether on good Market. With all of the wondrous items that this event has to offer, it's a no-brainer to c- bid —and there's always the opportunity to meet someone new. The vendors are <1 s: zvi三？ experience all that it provides. Take my word for it. 10 ssll whai items they have to ofier, and they make out pretty well. C二czto ±s square, you'll first feel the heat and humidity of the summer's day z toll oz yo= body. You'll also hear a wide variety of local musicians playing at K ；< /.• must taste them to appreciate their value. The fresh apple cider will put a grin on your face and leave a feeling of fulfillment in your siomach. ±ne. i-s many types of vegetables and fruits available at the Fanner's Market. You absolutely 匕。Never some are better than others and you need to acknowledge that 圣 sv=^;helming heal, you will need to decide which type ofice cold 沌二 *& 以 tc indulge in. There are too many options, ranging from forty differed Savors of shob cones such as cotton candy and pina colada, and the classic %sh squeezed glass ofice cold lemonade. Now since your thirst has been satisfied 袒 Eg 如 My 9 decide wha you are in the mood 2hsc：-le：\ serdirptiGuS with tender roasted lamb to eat. The lamb gyros look meat, cool cucumber sauce, fresh lettuce 心以inc- al! •a rapped up perfectly inside freshi-out-onhe-ovcn pita bread. 3 ：一.、-._ :― �7三二二；1 i「二 3^2 zLig= ms ：o n±id? Do you M.「二；云？ Ifyoldc ±es now do you fesl abour ______ _____ wrong. Banning she 三二 Ms —―皿 szzer±zzy□- £^=・一古己 士去 云 11 sraies ths- now 三三 =re 3esv=r;上冬二i azd Ccciznad. They think they 土ey zrejizs: =slier 二二==;•=： irp. Tzr 二ev二h 三： 三二 i: bs ±5}- y 二二 S: 二三 M 二二二二M :三"respc^sirle. ±e in cirs ire respzzsible fur ±e way they are people like n de ±±gs are illegal because mey 二女 M二 二、二注 —y make people want Pi: bulls 二亡 zeg is 三浇 zzd idHed. ±ey won't care. They will just 二二二m = pi: polish ±e dog, not the owner. On ihe -----i 二三 respczsizle have iheir beloved family member =.■•ci hi己 dog wss unstable or mean, but simply :匕 * ' ■ - ■ ■ ----- — —er zghieia are trained and tonured to 二...... 二—-——-U-二：s-v gsncTslly great and lovable doss '~二----:v.^r and some love. But it5s noi the 5二：, 二飞 ±e-oarers. --一 ："*rs They 二己 the ones ±2: -• - 一 一 ~ become mean and …:.. ----- -■二，…二二=二M amed or the abuser， -:killed by Pn Bulls each \ -' ■… --」-二.二二W"〔"忒 Wms w 土 -■ = ±e^ E tobacco* 一 一…上•'由 一 .二:二 Frisoulis 2 States is about 440,000. So even tliough you are more likely to die &om tobacco use people still don,t ban that. They rather waste their time trying to ban and kill innocent dogs. But even though pit bulls can save people's lives you never hear about it like Weela, a pit bull who saved 30 people, judge the Deed several dogs, horses and a cat during a flood in Southern California. After a dam broke on Hot the Breed the Tijuana River it stranded several dogs and a cat on an island, Weela crossed the $0 GIVE A river to take food to them.fbr an entire month Pit Bull a .until they could be rescued. She also led a rescue team to a bunch of stranded horses Before sentencing and ran back and forth barking to wam a group of 30 people about the deep water they THEM ALL TO Die were attempting to cross. But if California had a ban on pit bulls 30 people and other animals could have lost their lives. Some myths people use to try to ban pit bulls is that their brain swells and growing until they go crazy. This is a myth that began a long time ago never stops s with the Doberman and has now grown to include many different dog breeds. The .. . 一，- -------/ become violent assumption WA of--a dog's brain —continuing grow. or swell until they dODUlXipLlWXX 4* -- -------------------- D to -3 ' is a complete myth. And according to the American Temperament Test Society , ”• ___ ___ J —great and other acts of tempermant, Pit BullsQ Tpass (ATTS), which test a doss friendliness -------------------* a 77^ So which ''' one with average 86% while a miniature poodles average is only is really 一一 iy the mu oaivi safer UW5? dog? , . , n u So next time you'ie you5re walking down the street and you see a pit bull don t -一」1________ _ C. * led, ccct-ir Acacrj 't Tnaci judge them on their outer appearance, just because they look scary 吁't mean weshould should ban them. And if you think about it your 60 times timesniore more hkelytobe killed by a coconut falling out ofa tree than you are to be killed by a pit bull. �A Simple Piece of Craftsmanship： A Vessel Bv: Tara Krushnowski 制盅惴孺黯萍苹Mn ways e den': -e^ize. Sum choose 10 obtain their daily affirmahons sc-e iroush a long quiet walk through the neighborhood they live, others m co应iiryroad. road. ItItisisamong amongthese theseplaces placesand andthrougii throughtnese^ these 二=riie 二上二eseme counrry 二三M ~ imnle 2nd solace and a truthful ssnsc of self. I, on the otnsr 112nd, nnd …一… 上三2 azd and through actions that may seem like everyday life to anyone sense 01 self come through my personal hours of power. My hours else. ! 二=or among statues -一，一」nor are they in my car of the saints, cf prv- er： ± s £class cathedral 二 ±rc-zhmy limbs. It is at a kitchen table that I have made my life. At this £ _ =---------- ------------------------三土二 立三 be:: Mown 10 me at the time or not, I have received my life lessons. L^s=~-is cf kve azc unde珪landing, lessons of hurt and despair that have molded and —ed —y heart soul, and mind in ways that cannot be explained. '• is WW Mr the family revolves around a meal shared everyday at the kitchen ME. I believe :=i2EV5 ±is. And my time spent around our kitchen table has made me firm ~ in ' ±is zelief Ho - czn one piece of furniture shape a life? Simple. It is through this one 二一 三=上 zisce of c^ftsmanship that a family comes together. They break bread, share s：3iies cf cld and new, discuss beliefs, hard times, and create bonds that will be mries :'uuibMML So what is tiiis power that the kitchen table has? Well, the table really has □z 二三二三二二:it is no Superman of the furniture world. But is merely a vessel to bddgm ±e bzsd of human emotion through generations. To take that humdrum and 工二=己 life to levels that we as humans cannot understand unless we translate the 三=上-_s±s offeznily and friends into messages of wisdom and hope. I am a very u x hive 三•代 obtained and translated these simple musings into a life that I am s.esseo h —A -：-£ in the quiet time of my thoughts, I realize has been created —-—■-=oci meaning and substance that very few in this world are able to jvs. 上 二m m be shared at this table, though. A cup of coffee or tea suffices. 二子：y nn* eggs, theStringing stringingof nfpopcorn popcornfor forthe theChristmas Christmastree, tree,or 01 the tlicmaking making -己 令3 :亍==icr 工心=于汽3 flat chocolate chip cookies does the trick as well. My hours cf pc .：女 2re sp -rred &om ths Columbian an art of coffee" :一二 coffee. Coffee, caffeinated of course. 二琳 母号娅" &senccG. Senses- 西 My uuu coffee doesn't come at the table of _ 二* . •， 。---------------- q :二二 ：二甘;F --/comes atour ourkitchen kitchentable. table. Oddly Oddly enough enough the thekitchen kitchen there, oar cofiee the addiEcr ,,笠， . , sn, but U1V ：ng rrnre. 」：f Perk, the stimulated 匕也:歹keros 匕eeps n v. L5.: cjiLng nzore. 血欢订 Banter is a/adfiction. And with an addiction comes all of ±e sids effects. •…". • 二甘怛竺腕渗 appeaseyoubodybut - -------e constant need for more. More than the last time. ' Think back io 5：： M.心 changed your life What has inspired you? While c-f you can pinpeim ..w a:吧捋羿 暨兰三二-Jcanhon湖' ！ 一 ly say that it was the time spent drinking ag sogim% p办 cf 硕赤掐尤 ',: •:，kitchen table. £ 二-了 2. Seems very ordinary, very mundano However. we do 心 need to M ^news of the plight in Africa w the 三MZ理哽竺华哒擂盖 .... bloodinsss of war to learn life's lessons. If we allow ourselves to hear the stories of generations past to affinn hardship and. to affirm the glory of simple tasks, then, and only then, can we v/e truly Itlearn. ■m-—：4：. 'he priniitive tearing and sharing of food and drink are instinctive. These instinctive 二二:二 . 二二 instinctive qualities qualities that that are are ingrained ingrained iiTour in our soul soul kesp keep 匚 us ：together at the vessel I call the kitchen table. The banter, the addiction, is an affect tliat the action brings. What Whst a side effect it is. My parents have used these primitive Techniques to bond our family. eHect Sometimes getting back io to ths basics will make all the difierence. As a child. I saw the kitchen table as a place to eat. A place to enjoy all of the succulent and indulgent food of my very talented chef.. .my Mom. A place where my parents gossiped and spoke of politics. A place where my father put on his woric boois. A place where my mom had my brother's dinner waiting after a long day of fbotball double sessions. A place where my Mom would write out her bills. A place where family and firiends joined in comical stories about their yoimger days. A place where v/e had our obligatory pork meal on New Year *s Day (for goad luck). A place where my Grandma used to sit every Friday before I went to school. A place where my Grandpa would drink his cofiee sweet and light with a saucer underneath the cup. A place whsre my Mom cut my Dad's hair. A place where my parents have endured my attitude. A place where I have spilled plenty a soda and now cofiee. A place that had chsirs dawning purses, hats, and leashes around it. A place where my Mom talked on the phone. A place where I would sit excited for my brother to come home from college. A place where my Mom would read me and my Dad our horoscopes. A place where my father cleaned his silver wedding band made out of quarters. A place we've celebrated engagement news. A place where we have celebrated a wedding. A place where my sister-in-law would read the paper. A place where we have shared news ofjobs and promotions. A place where we have rejoiced in new life. A place where my nephew put together his puzzles. A place where we have sunk to the news of death. A place where tears have stained the wooden surface. A place where laughter will be forever echoed. A place wnere life s lessons are learned... I now realize. . ,, - and' actions. Now, as an adult, I have translated;;the messages actis-. I have :二二 lesmed that generations, responsibilities, my parents have created a marriage, new & … "「~ L traditions, ' .-. … * the '* simple ' ' joys of life and maintained family ties and friendships, educated, celebrated agonized over the most unforgettable hardships. . or wood, wood. The vessel A simple vessel. A piece ofcraftsmanship made only out ot willnoi. unforgettable may change throughout the years, but the symbolism of it will noi. The 皿二 >------ 「 simple banter of one couple together with thisyesselMs this vessel has 艾斜嘿监顼嚣 created the hoursofpower ，斜?展 in my life. These daily affinnations have kept me trekking through the numdrum and the mund^e^7h^e ftom 空&% ，票核' mundane and have Instilled instilled in in me me what^caimotbe what cannot be learned learned ^om books ■甘 When I sit at our kitchen table, scenes of past surround and 即 awe has made me thepersonthatlhave the person that I have always longed to £ be. So sad, tha. tlus awe .s . .. . — .. the df ecm cr>a 撬;:胡 mt.tT am fortunate one. Thrnn Through only a simple vessel ana VCl realized. -----------------sometimes never But 曾 me ion% _ child% 皿 adult. I look forward the power of the human spirit have 1I transcended from [Hl navu uimwv—--------------... transcend jusi one human life. Anal pronuse you that n will to the days where I too can ------- -be done at my kitchen table. �伉龄就矿南岫心in血lak. , l倾辿 everkaMkphM [will never leave this pka^r订。wn * ■ All 血WOT妁id 噂tsandsoiM MAkoTQrltesrthfelaqpczndlxxuds. Water n^tfyru4A«d«m 血wsferdide, ge^pg^CTerandclagrtofetop. istedfe^nyJresrfi ite顽rrwifim y” v % - ^nulsounHs ―-rp;—r - -4- “「I iandbrauuls. 「、- - 知烈的 l?u^cait tree ian»ouimtficbnp=c toft^wfeltirtg the sunset fits and sowids g^arulboumk isnowatanod. 际 d~«w« t seme time to mend. 、5她如°EK°也 > -，z -. G [/)」刀wA /\ ) �My name is (insert name he*) and I choose to live above the influence. I live above the influence of cigarettes, alcohol, and illegal narcotics. This affects my personality. Because of my "above the influence attitude951 can be very helpful. I am helpful because I am caring. fon9 energetic, and eager to help others. I also love to run and do other physical activities. That wouldn't be possible if I didn5t live above the influence. -anonymous �Letter to myself Dear E.G, I see that Upward Bound program helped a lot. It looks like you finished high school and college like you wanted to. I hear you're a pediatrician now, huh? You always loved helping kids. 1 also heard that you were in Africa for about two years as a missionary? That's great! Always looking to help people; you haven't changed a bit. S。, i guess you have a big house now too. Oh, how's the family doing? ! heard you've been with the same guy and you have two lovely kids now? What are their names? I really hope you haven't changed that much. Are you still as unique and creative as you v/ere when you were sixteen? You still wear that colorful scarf around your head? You were always a little bit of a weird child. Hey, -, �三—切二［ gs riOT：e C -- 二『Ek inside 2rcb:ems cv. 5：nere she belongs 7 S - .'6'5 M 一厂_ -:~e _-二三c s*s walks, \z ”任 her ：2.z sheets at night, Sj 二优 ~ er "tout and m 三三0 二 or ?er sieeve =cs 一M cown, again. , se feei this everyday? Sre s nothing wrong. so sore. \ow she's tom. 3y: Anonymous A A ��������CONTACT PAGE： i^DDRESS: FSOXE #： E-MAIL: WH■三X浇二三: NAME： ADDRESS: PHONE#： E-MAIL: SCESEN NMI£： 函暗 ATD^ESS! MMAIL: UEZZK WAZE: ADDBESS： PHONE松 E-NIAIL： SC既EN函由 KAIdE.: 二二:MM PHOKE 三： ETIAIL: SCF:EEN XA3.IE: 芯列E: KiV.IE： ADDHESS: PHONE 三： NMIE: ADDRESS: PHONE #: E4\teIL： SCREEN N显冬: SCE ££-'•二工 m 二立ME： ADDEESS： PHONE。： EfiAiL: SCEE£;. : ADDRESS： PHONE#： E-MAIL： SCREEN NMIE： NMIE: ADDRESS: PHONE#: E-MAIL： SC既EK NAME： ABiogrs.piis �口 �� Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Upward Bound Lit Journals, 1981-2016 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Provost's Office Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1981-2016 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource PDF Type The nature or genre of the resource Journal Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Upward Bound Lit Journals 2010 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Provost's Office Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2010 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource PDF Type The nature or genre of the resource Journal https://omeka.wilkes.edu/omeka/files/original/d78ee877215469c665a4688083183a61.pdf 3100d196581728c625420e9b9c646b58 PDF Text Text �"Call it a clan, call it a network, call it a tribe, call it a family. Whatever you call it, whoever you are, you need one." These veryf insightful words spoken by journalist and author Jane Howard are at the heart of this year's summer theme； Upward Bound Family: An Extraordinary Tradition. The Upward Bound family is something that is very difficult to describe to anyone who is not viewing it from within. Truly, this can be said for most families. However, when asked to describe this particular medley of a family, our very own student and staff population proposed the following: supportive, perfect, in unison, considerate, excellent, friendly, helpful, awesome, loving, life-changing, spectacular, unique, eccentric, different, caring, generous, close, fun, positive, understanding, appreciative, united, judgment free, outgoing, or to sum it all up ....da* best! As we navigate this ship called life, we are bound together with many diverse groups through work, school, play, or heredity. However, it is a rarity to depict any of these groups as family. Nevertheless, almost anyone ever involved in the Upward Bound bubble'1 will most certainly paint such a picture of UB. What is it that gives Upward Bound such a cherished distinction? We truly are a jumble of characters from a whole host of backgrounds and circumstances. Perhaps it is that we all share a common goal of overcoming obstacles to achieve future success. Without a doubt, there is playful competition within our teams, but in the end, we are all cheering each other forward. Given the assumption that this common thread distinguishes our family status, I would like for you to consider the past governor of Oklahoma, Brad Henry's definition of family. He believes that, "Families are the compass that guide us. They are the inspiration to reach great heights, and our comfort when we occasionally falter." Yes, I think that we may be onto something! A guiding force ....an inspiration ....a comfort....all of these things are what set Upward Bound apart from those other miscellaneous groups. As Hook back upon the summer of 2011,1 think of a truly new team of players, a new branch to our family tree. Every residential staff member was performing their job for the very first time, and yet, they took charge as though they had been working in synchronization for years. The student body was predominantly new to our summer program as well, and their support for each other was beyond belief. Our mostly veteran faculty made numerous comments during our underground Wednesday lunch meetings regarding the cohesiveness of this student body and their many strengths and talents. So, I encourage you to think often as you sail fonvard, of the place that was established for you upon our ever-branching tree. Know that 2as you go forth, you will meet others from this family, and they will share in your vision of this supportive, life-changing, generous, united, judgment free, awesome, unique lineage. They may not descend from the summer of 2011 or even from the Wilkes University branch, but they, like you, will be Upward Bound and destined for success. Thank you so much for adding your own unique flair to our Upward Bound family. I look forward to watching your future take flight. Mm. L^pada �Qear tea。％刍 of Upwcwd/ Bcx.ui^ A Spec0Z/thanfc/yo0 如: Wwould/ See/ to- tha^k/yc^A/ fbr mcCk诳宙 the* p 广*mm， Iwppe//]/. VUmRot尤your Kelp可可列混山汐砂t■廉以兄e IVpwcwd/ B owuii Yow Rwv@。碍> u^e-dz 峪 ter do t?xe> be^t vie sn， w Cth/ e^^ythu^ w& 3xr. Yb力 Mug敬■ w&lvtcrprepcvr^ 0永 fbr tK& irchcrolyear. VV& ino^t cieftnZtely apprec^afe eA/e宓Ji"修_yow/%ve/为•脆 fbr 必 0/点/认议1/兀纣牧fbrg■或'it. Upvu凹凯 8owmi/te€Lcher》fbr g^/浙修 ucp yo-^ *7i仰ter ter 1xe2p s % 廿语 beW s syv 洗 £ R.Q Sc^dy Sb^t^vk/ My： TJx^ui^xrtt^ Mr. HramCMv Mr，E甲cula/ Mr*. (9"0444/ Mry. KcmwreJcz AR.O. Mr. Bloiuit/ Mcwy Beth/N&id/ Mr. RCp印 IViXh/lcg 血 Lloyd/ Mr. Stoker 也<zie</vty of U.pwct^d/ cm/ behalf of 廿s 以- Mr. Kaniorefc/ T.C/y Mry. B lacuii/ Anthony Meif Mel^v Ccmg^olo^/ Kc^h^Vocktcrr Tony (Jorec^/iy Tony ferret Mr^ ColoA/ari> Mr. SJ^CnfcoMr. Oerby Mr/ Vi^kt/ M 北 Fermmtt/mr M*. Smith/ LCt magp 诳必 Mx. Bro^oxr R J 5 cw/} Jccckie/ MMcvrrotf ctrraqia Jedee^ 。叫Ld/KeUe匕 Aly^cu Conner, J-e4^ Keihl/} BecfcyBotem^ Mottyo^orv& St^Le/ Pot勇3 "Techer* who- love/ to-斑久部 crgts，kcdv who- lov& ta leam" g以ssm J �The Coffee House 2011 Staff Performance Lyrics: RD Sandy injured herself again Tony G. to the rescue Ooooh can I have a picture of that? The alarm clock goes off and I hit snooze 1 groan and roll out of bed Orange fences l*m almost late for breakfast 7:40 don't be late Yes you really do have to participate today Eggs again Chef Brad really Surprise banana pancakes EWWW Oh but HEY there's bacon It's 8:55 not yet Where's your buddy? Did you order your food yet? Rachel goes off for a run Anthony is too perky for 8am Oh hey there goes Rachel again Screaming Apples to Apples game Animal noises or Jenga 10 MINUTES Check in with Mrs. O Get hit on by Kevin Get the ice cream while it's free Run to your room We'll probably be doing room checks soon 5,4,3, 2,1-good night ladies!! What am I going to do for team meeting Oh good bad and funny again Ooooh and make them do the human knot Plop on the couch Just Tony*s In zombie mode Did anybody get the board? They*re a bunch of giggle pants today Did I remember all the announcements I need to see you after team meeting Finished announcements for the night We*re off topic again The secret to student of the day is... We're eating again Didn't we just eat lunch 2 hours ago Just got my food and hear.,. Race back to the dorm and grab a book lt*s 5:30 start reading lt*s 5:31 oh man I am late again lt*s 3AM, I guess it's time for bed Group hugs all around See you In a few hours Picked a book I didn't want Is that kid really sleeping again? That's a write up Offto study lab No you can't go without a referral TC Melissa will help you with that Amazing T/C$ 8 By ARD Mary Beth Wearing my sneakers at the pergola Ifs hard to believe we've only known each others month We already feel like a family These memories will last a life time ♦ R.D. Sandy Sistrunk A.R.D. Mary Beth Nied T.C.'s Anthony Melf, Melissa Canglalosl, Rachel Docktor, Tony Goreczny, Tony Ferrese She has a booming voice heard for miles around. And she represents all the good of Upward Bound. She's a math guru with a happy heart, T/C Melissa is kind and super smart. He's always up for a challenge with a bubbly smile, A real multi-tasker, full of spirit and guile. Awake and enthusiastic even at breakfast time, T/C Anthony is joyful and always sublime. He's always around when someone calls for aide, And witty remarks are constantly made. He wears a backwards hat most of his days, T/C Tony G is helpful in so many ways. She's active and has a laugh we all know, She,s a wiz at English and doesn't have a single foe. She leads the way with spunk and delight, T/C Rachel is always happy even at night. He's always seen with his cool shirts and fiin hats, And can be seen carrying soccer balls and bats, He's first to lend a hand v/henever there is need, T/C Just Tony is a star and takes the lead. The T/C give their all every day of the summer, Without them, it would be a bummer. We are grateful for their dedication and care, Their commitment to the success of all is truly rare. ��.Main 』 客 y 一 「 。一 一 。 u - BY Brennah Hartmann "I need to go back! I need to go get him out of there!" **LiIy no! don't go ba...." I woke up swcat-drenchcd and crying. I looked at my alarm-clock. 2:31 am. Ughh. Another sleepless night. Another nightmare of that...my thoughis trailed off. I immediately got out of bed and grabbed my shoes. I snuck outside to the barn to see my best friend Whitney. He was my horse. He and Tyre were from my home farm back in P.A. ISDM Zhs q-oq; nddsq 一 q_oq 工 JON 岭 》 意 2嗦 u o w > 0 3 2580- 汶 u s 。乏 暗誓 * Chapter 1 (Lily's Day) NGq 一 一 TiuuzHpn 一 』 翌 写 一 u ・「 二 一 。二胡 三 5 一 ” 」二 「 o 二吟； pun。」。 渎p uuajyiuoj「P0SO. 挡 三 p p H PU0 。 oqm 三 uqof 3q p*Q-d) 。蚤 Mus -t-nn d ., .F &oq J zi aa o q n 5su w u • g• m R w G J l J G yl ys o P Q Uq D Q £ s«- 5 U " 0? u d Q a 3 JJ u ^ J 0 U e n 5. 5 m d_u JJ u rt o G s K O e r6 J U M J - - S K zi - = w U U dx K tl Uq 1 a u «0 O 3- - U ox E t N G rt O w M n us o u c q p 3 _ E u -. 4 S _ w . »<- J. q- ti z Q . y c>3 pr n-.q aj ul •*= S -K u 3 a. q tln E s O J 7 32 - « E pq 3 • £ W .( = £ o = & uq eiu s ciq o u uo □ U = tiv- = = p tiq o u W P- s E s B T u H p . U u E U o O £ n. S 3 = qu.Eq uo m . na tt3 M qd 履一 蜀宣母调 s u g - £. s q s n o p ^ Q U 一 矿 a* - . m q. ~ uo 0« After both of my parents died, along with a very close friend of mine, I moved down here, into Texas with my godparents, Aunt Loraine and Uncle JefE They also had bought a pony to 1 signify my arrival .They thought she would help me adjusr to my new life. We named her Comet 1 . because she would start running full speed whenever you would get close to her. Eventually though .1 , ll i ' I , 一 一 0W P_L a s. she warmed up to us and now she's part of the family. But she still isn't as special as Whitney... he's been with me through it all. When we first got him, he was part of an animal abuse and boarding case. We fostered him until the courts had their chance to make a decision on what to do with him, I heard my parents talking about him being "put down" because of his violent nature. I couldn't handle that thought. I worked with him for about a week non-stop and I was surprised it only took that long. But the coun gave custody to me and we've been together ever since. To Be Continued... �Inside the mind of me There is one place I go It's not q room or a town It's one that not many know That place can make a smile or a frown Percent Poem By, Brennah Hartmann 10% Daughter, a flower growing tall. 10% Sister, I have love for them all. 10% Firefighter, standing high, brave and proud. This place is my mind 10% Out-going, even though I hate a big crowd. and at times its hard to find 5% Artist, making art in many stages. It thinksabout life 10% Writer, I bring life to all the pages. It thinks about death 10% Photographer, capturing moments with then lens. It knows about the knife 10% Family, and yes that includes my friends. That could end its last breath 10% Caring, I have a heart of gold. This place is my mind And at times its hard to find At times it makes you glad Joyful as a 3 year old Other times very sad Making your heart turn ice cold This place is my mind And of times its hard to find I go to see the present, past, future <All the good the bad the ugly Though some memories are torture Others make me feel warm and snuggly This place is my mind And ot Times its hard to find By -Austin Gray 5% Scared, scared of growing old. The last 10% is something that eludes reality. The best part of me is my individuality! �Edward Flippen Queen Anne Boleyn Composition Anns Boleyn was det£rrti:n&o and hct-heudes, 7;i the day she and Henn/ were wedded She vowaa and promised to give him a son, A；3£, she failed, for it ccuid ns: de done. Queen Katherine did not approve of her. Even when King Henry p'sced Katherine aside. And when the two ladies each other, they wen："矽L, For ihsy haied each othc* '.vith both heart and mind. King Henry married Anne, and What a night twas it, For tne people across the land had a Hi. Screaming, "Anne is 3 Threw her in a ditch " Ode to Ba" Some have the ability Some have the skill Others have capability Others have will Some take it to the rack Some take all ihree's Some just pass Guards drop you on your back Forwards like to take it to the trees. Centers love to pin lays on the glass Tnree years pasi, they had a daughter, but na son. And the King was going through mistresses one after one Then one day he met the bceutiful and che河 Jane Seymou-, He fell In iove, and believed she could give him what he longsd for. He nad to get rid of Anne for Jane, No matter the agony ncr the pain. He accused her of being with other men. One and wo and three and ten. The violinist, the poet, and even her broxher. Although she swore she had oeen with no other. All three were tried, and aii found guilty, They were executed cruel and wilty. Some are good at ball But practice makes perfect Although most are tall They don't disrespect Thee simple words: "'Ball is Life” Most bailers live by them I love this game One day I hope to share millions with my wife This game is who I am One day the world will know my name Al last it was her turn 10 be tried, The court's verdict implied tha:she lied. And was to be led to her everlasting rest. When the sun ssrin the west. Her heao fell to the execunoner^s nest. King Henry was finally free to get his way, and he engaged Jane Seymour the very next day. Anne,s body v/as placed in an unmarked grave, to the King, she was nothing more than 3 treasonous knave. She was a queen, as you have seen. She was a modern woman far that age. She often engaged in politics； and made the men enraged. There are many ideas why she was found guilty of treason, 'have given you one. A selfish king is my reason. Now my work here is done. �Kirby Hall By, Brennah Hartmann Imagine you re at a tfieme yarH. The J^auntecf douse catdies you attention and you decide to Cook fear tn tfie eye. Something toucfies your Ceg andxjou feeCa sfiiver go do^vn your syine. if, unexpectedly/, tfie fade fear of a tfieme jrarH ride came to Gfe? r d. Looe.* cpucbrd Ato去 toesQm'e d l 一 " 一 by 乙 》 乙 》 0 — cruise R. sr^ -l ~ 9 ^ s5r r ccr S 3 ¥ to A - On tfie imide ofXirby, there are secret rooms, scary grandfather cCocds andgiant minors. "The inner ^vaCCs of tfie olcCbuilding fitCCof secrets are a dark color tfiat is unsettling to most. 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Tven tfiougfi it's Fiard to dear, tfie souncfsends cfti((s coursing tfirougfi your Body. zersAJe d z p ^ ck. . h ?s o a^ k H c dr^ -u- J ITl lr w S ARCW 、 夏 一a rsdq S4w 十 寸 60^ 千 岳勇 arc B es 」 sb Y k ^ s o p' 寡 ^iss 窟 宁 普 烈 ^14 her s Ko E 75 75q^ ss ，省 一 3 ?. r^. ~ Kirbxj JfaCC a月 o(dbuMing Cocatedon tde yviCHes Vnivei^sity canipus, is riimorecf to 6e (iauntecC ^Vfien (boding at tfie 6ui(dmg for tfie outside you see oldgate frames, fialf-opened' shades, and bars over some ■windows. TRe outer -\vaCCs are siirronndecCdis(i greenery that seems as tHougfi sometfiing couCcCreach out ancCgra^ your anfiCe. There's ayorcfi that ^vraps around tde front andside of tfie buiCding tfiat gives it an artistic (doE. ^Ct(ioug(i it's easy on tfie eyes, aCCtfie elements give an uneasy feedng to its many visitors. you can see, Xirhy !J/aCCis a BeautifuCyet scary bu.i(dvng on tile iViCHes carnjnis. Many 严opCz traveCin ancCout of it every day, not taking notice of tfie scarxj things tfiat surround tliem. If you use your senses to tlleirfuCCextent; you -\viCCreaC(y get tfie feeCfor tfie atmosphere. �Flippenl Who Am 1 Gabrielle Williams Edward Flippen Composition Mrs. Kormorck 21 Jul、2011 Communications 100% Gabby 14% Family... Daughter all the way to the great (grandparents), cousin and niece 5% Musician... Piano, guitar or singing, it's always a musical piece 18% Hobbyist... Dirt bikes, quads and R.C Helicopters, planes and cars 6% Sarcastic... In or out. these words or thoughts do mar 5 July 2011 April 4, 1995.1 am born. Who am 1? I am a smart, young teenager, whose goal in life is to make it to a good Division-! college and play collegiate basketball there, in hopes thai ii vvill take me to my true 8% Artistic/Literate... To draw and write in boredom I do resort dream, of being an NBA Superstar. That's me, straightforward thafs 7% Short... Ifs why I have a tall cohon 7% Insane... Crazy is as crazy does 5% Loving... I love fbr good reasons and just because 21% Friend. A day with them will always range 9% Always changing... Forever growing, I*m never the same who I am that's my goal. In a little more in depth look at who 1 am you will find I'm a happy-go-lucky, always laughing, and always joking kind of person. Usually you will never see me frowning. That's what makes me up that's what everybody sees. You may be wondering what makes me that way. Who am I under the smiles and the joking? Or even why 1 always smile joke and have fun. Well growing up I think I've been through about as much pain and suffering as anyone here. I've been in the grasp of death multiple times as well as seen people die and felt loved ones die in my arm. It all started when I was bom. I was born prematurely at 7 months. As I was being bom the umbilical cord was �Flippen2 Flippen3 Who Am I Who Am I around my neck and as my mom pushed I was being choked. Fortunately began to realize I could be dead, but I'm a lucky one, I survived. Then I was bom. The doctors said I may have problems with my lungs which later when I was 6 my close friend Victoria was killed along with her in later years have grown to be true because I have asthma. At age three mom, she was one of my best friend's in elementary school. Then al age I was in the car with one of my aunts in Philadelphia when she crashed 12 I went to the hospital to see my grandmother in Philadelphia while into a wall. Although we crashed in front of a hospital my Aunt Bubbles she was struggled with dialysis. I spent the whole day with her smiling died because the hospital staff did not come out to help. They said the and laughing making jokes having fun with my grandma. 1 gave my crash was so bad that they are surprised I survived and came out with gram a hug and said I love you gram and she said I love you too then she minimal scratches being that I was only three. I was told about this fiat lines. It was then when I realized life was too short not to enjoy it. incident when I was seven. This made me really appreciate life and Regardless of if I am happy or sad, I realized that 1 am alive I am still realize how quickly it can be taken from you. At age five I was once here and those who love me wouldn't want me down and upset. Thafs again in the grasp of death. On April 17lh, 2000 only five years old I was how I look at ii. So I smile and joke and have fun. So who am I? 1 am beginning to experience a severe asthma attack as my mom was in the Edward Flippen a smart, young teen who wants to go to a division-1 bank. I began coughing and wheezing as my mom came out of the bank college fbr basketball and go to the NBA and someone who no matter I was barely able to get a little air into my lungs. The next thing I what will always smile and laugh no matter what he goes through. remember I see a light and I see my aunt Bubbles. She looks at me and says ifs not your time yet; it's not your turn. Then I begin to feel shortness of breath and my lungs struggling to work. I close i my eyes and try to breathe and I hear we've got a pulse. From that moment in time I �Granoski 1 Granoski 2 I went to the Learning Station for Kindergarten. I would get made Kailynn Granoski fun of a lot for walking on my tiptoes by my classmates. The person who Mrs. Komorek made fiin of me ihe most is now my best friend. C ommunicaiions When I was about five years old, I had hair that was the length of 5 Julv 2011 my back. One day when my sister was getting a hair-cut, I decided I Who I Am wanted one too, so I cut almost all of my hair off. I wasn't a very well My name is Kailynn Granoski. You're probably going to learn a behaved child. When I was around the same age, 1 stacked up packs of lot about me that you didn't know. I hope you're not completely bored soda cans against my stove. I crawled up on them, turned on the stove, listening to me ramble and find some things interesting or funny. and lit a milk jug on fire. Thankfully my house didn't bum down. I've lived and grew up in Nanticoke my whole life. As an infant, I A few years later, my mom signed me up fbr ballet and tap dance was two weeks late, so I was bigger than most babies. My mom wanted classes. She was so excited to see my first recital, but realized dancing to have me naturally so ihe doctor had to suction me out with something wasn't fbr me when I was the only girl on the stage not doing the right resembling a plunger. As a result of this, my head was shaped like a dance in front of an audience full of people. After that recital, she took cone hr months. My mom was so embarrassed that she kept hats on my me out of dance to save me the embarrassment. head at all times until my head went back to normal I've been really shy my whole life, bin I'm more outgoing now than 1 used to be when I was younger. 1 didn't really have friends until I �Granoski 3 Granoski 4 got into high school because of being so shy. Once 1 gol into high school shot put and almost broke her ankle. Another girl got a javelin speared in 1 stopped being so sh) when 1 realized that I actually like talking to her foot. people. I I always loved helping people and after deciding I wasn't going to e a sister named Taylor. She is two years younger than me. be a veterinarian, I wanted to work in the medical field. I'm undecided We ne\ er goi along with each other up until about a year ago. We would about what I want to do when I graduate, but I think 1 want to become a gei in physical fights to the point where we would have black eyes. Now nurse. Wanting to become a nurse also has to do with my past history. Last year I had my appendix removed. When I was ten I had my e gei along perfectly fine and she's my best friend. Since I was little, I always wanted to be a veterinarian. Fd find wounded animals like squirrels and birds and bring them home hoping io gallbladder removed. 1 have a tendency to come off as mean when I speak to someone. rescue inem. I stopped wanting to be a veterinarian after every animal I'm not trying to be mean, ifs just the way my voice sounds when the ihai I brought home would die. words come out. If Fm ever talking to you and I sound mean, don,t take it to heart. I'm also a very sarcastic person. People usually take my n e never really been an athletic person. I tried every type of sport sarcasm the wrong way and become offended by it, but I don't mean a growing 叩 but I was never good at them or liked them. In eighth grade I word I say most of the time. tried track. I started out running for that year but I didn't like that either. The fonouing > ear. I tried the field part of track and found that I loved Ifs a ven dangerous sport. Last x ear. a girl got hit in the foot with a �Granoski 5 "Ode to Hello Kitty” By: Kayla Luminella I am still trying to figure out who I am. I haven't had enough time in life w tuHy ngure it ouL and some people never do figure out who With innocence and never anything to say This little white cat is something great Hello Kitty is adorable nie> are. People assume who you are by the way you look and dress, but ail comes down to what kind of person you are from the inside, not the She is one of a kind I love everything she wears If I lost her that would be horrible GUL If you have never seen her you might as well be blind She is the kind kitty that shares She always has different kinds of bows And has no shoes With multi colored clothes But you probably didn't need a clue She doesn't really have an expression to her face But thafs ok with me Because she is very unique In my heart she is in a special place She can be what she wants to be Hello Kitty will always be something I seek �Mtsamigas Myjriends Yo tengo dos ojos 1 have two eyes Yyo tambien tengo dos manos Andi have two hands Yo amo amis amigas 1 love myJriends Nosotras siempre tenemospapasfrifas We always kavejrenckjries A nosotros siempre nosgusta. bailar We always like to dance Ytambien cantar And. also sing Nosotros nunca. vamos a. la. escuela. temprano We nevergo to schoolearly Pero, tenemos escuela. en elverano But, -we have schoolin the summer Yeso empezoporqueyo dije 物血 me llamo.... ” And. this startedbecause z said ahello my name is....n �Xfanket 100 % Austin Mit/i comfort andsecurity, 20% Weircj... the best of U5 are So soft andgreen, j (io(dit very near to wie. 20% Musical... I love the songs by Bruno Mars mean. It's more of a夕的w, if you Sw fiat I 10% Loving... I have a huge heart It's my dear Blanket, ifI don't fiave it, 10% Educated..・ to become really smart saW The fabric is so very soft. 20% Life... me^ns more to me thqn my daily pay for adit's been tdrozigH, I tdank it. 15% Son ... annoying my paints all day If it s^neds effferent, Im -nuidIf I dont have it, it's a terrible cost. The last 5% is the best of all They know it 疝 the way to the great Cbina W^ll Tven tfiougfi I use it as ayiCCaw, I -want to bring it even/w/iere. [f makes me who I am and it's ok Like Linus, my btanket sfiouHffoCfbiv. That 5% doesn't care what you say So I can 6e comf^ ^witdout a care. I 如e ?ny 6[dnket dearly. I don't tHink I'ffever get ridof it. I efierisd tfie clearly. Its ingoocCcare, not over strung. I'djustfeeC(ost mtfiout it. By, Kje �lOO% 七/Vossha 22% courage... Jvc got a lor of spunk. 15% fighter... ^4/^hnc did you expect to find... 18% honour.. a monk? even though it drives people crnxij* 25% pain in the neck... J think its because Jtn a little Icizg. 8% actress. , Jt's whnt J wont to do with my life. 6%【。抑…Coring this is a jotj, but occasionnllij you have to take on a lot of strife. 2% irracionAl...x7，m great at thinking outside the box. 冶ut the one thing about me everyone cnnzr believe, whieh is important, is J'm 4% wild. ^utsidc of this uptight persona/ J can be n snvnge little fox. 在ut that's just me. ^jVncnshn ^ogutzki �"Study Abroad and See the World!H By: Melissa Cangialosi --• ---islands, Machu Picchu, Lake How many people can say that they've visited the Galapagos r, all in the span of four and half months? I can. Studying Titicaca, the Amazon and the equator, abroad in Quito. Ecuador, last semester was the experience that t：q allowed me to travel throughout South America. “5 ,.,T 二―:..二二r, I visited what was, at the time, the most amazing place During my first weekend irip in Ecuador, I straddled the two hemispheres of the world and took the customary ever--the —equator. r------------------------------------pictures with my friends of us jumping, sitting, doing handstands and making^a pyramid on the two-inch wide line marking line dividing the world. Comy as it may sound, there actually is a t.~ ------------------------。 the equsior to which tourists flock in order to snap a photo or two. During a five-day weekend to celebrate Carnival, a celebration similar to Mardi Gras； I hopped on a plane with my closest friends to a place untouched by time: the Galapagos Islands. Upon isnding at the airport, it was obvious that we had been transported to a place easily equitable to Jurassic Park. We were surrounded by iguanas, crabs, turtles, sharks, penguins, sea horses and seals. The experience was surreal; swimming alongside sea turtles and sharks, and even seeing an octopus, became common for me. Another activity that would become a staple for every BCA-sponsored trip was a hike. The hike v. e took in the Galapagos Islands was up Volcan Chico, an active volcano on Isabella Island. Thankfully this trek was on an overcast day, limiting our level of exhaustion and thirst; however, the rains eventually set in, making the descent muddy and treacherous. After one day of rest and relaxation, we headed out again, this time to the Amazon. Here, we took walks in the jungle, ate some grub, swam in the river, threw spears and shot blow darts, went rafting and hiked in caves. We also visited a school for students from all over the jungle, where they learned traditional subjects, as well as agriculture and other useful trades. One of the final trips we took was to Banos, a tourist city a short distance from where I stayed. Banos was by far my favorite place throughout my travels because it's where I did some of the craziest things. We rented bicycles and rode around the town and up to see an amazing waterfall one afternoon. My group also rented quads to see some breathtaking views. The following day, we got up very early to go puenting - an activity not for the faint of heart. Puenting is like bungee jumping off of a bridge, but a harness is used around your upper body, and the rope attached doesn't bungee. Instead there is a regular rope that stops you from falling when it reaches its end. The final activity was canyoning, where you propel down waterfalls like you would propel down a mountain! Since returning to the U.S. and Elizabethtown College, things have been different. I still make an effort to travel and see new things as often as possible, but it's not the same. Public transportation in Ecuador is much more affordable than it is in the U.S., making long trips feasible. For example, a nine-hour bus trip in Ecuador would only cost about $9. Another hindering factor is the workload here at school. In Ecuador, it is common for students to miss classes without any repercussions. On the other hand, missing classes in the majority of colleges and universities in the U.S. will warrant you a failing grade. However, my experiences traveling have had an amazingly positive impact on me. They have allowed me to meet a great variety of people and made understanding others a much easier task. The trips I have taken have opened my eyes to other cultures around the world, while allowing me to appreciate my own with more gusto. A >ew days later, my host sister, two rnutual friends and I headed off to Mindo to experience zip hning for the first time! Zip lining is an activity that is becoming more popular in the U.S., but zip lining in Ecuador was an experience completely unlike any other. For the small fee of $10, we were geared up and began our trek to the first of 12 lines that we would whiz down, while taking in the breathtaking landscapes. After several normal runs down these lines. s, we were B，ven the opportun,ty tospice ,hi"8=叩，which of course we did. The most memorable zip-line course was Superman, where you lie on your stomach and put your arms out in front of you . IIUIILUI yuu while fly.ng above the treetops, and and it 。fivinoi it honestly honestly does does feel feel like like vou'r you're flying! ■ ~ i--' MIMIUWUI.III During semana Santa, the wonderful one week off for Easter, I traveled south to Peru to visit some of the tne most famous landmarks in the world. We began* began ourtrin hiU * t： boating among the islands in Lake Titicaca. Then we arrived in higonc Lima before “ •—c" i :- — i. Then we arrived in Mac^Picchu^ “mains Wu / 面 m Machu Picchu, one of the most famous sites for Incan .催黑潘北也挨 remai Machu Picchu on one of the first days after it re-opened, which meant there were — 顿 many tourists. We also got t。climb Huiana Picchu, the huge mountain behind the remains. TC Melissa Inside the shell of a galapagos turtle. �Summer Polis Bejt Dressed： Stephanie Short 4- Matt Yatison Nicest Tiana KHboum <v Adrian Brit。 gummer pons TC's pet： gbeKKah Parsons + Kevin Fahey 斗 Austin Gray Most Lively to Succeed： EdouKou. A^a- Ezoua + Matt Yatison Nicest Eyes： Hayley Macuga +T>ent Gray Most UH Spirit： Alyssa Conner ^JaKe Honoosic Best Hair gtevie potosKi + Trent Gray Most LiKely to Become TC's： Alyssa Conner 中 JaKe Honoosic Shortest： Tiffany Castro 七 Matt Yatison Tallest： Alyssa Conner 牛 Steve Miller Most Talkative： Gabriella Conover + Kevin Fahey Quietest； Katie McGuire + WHlRchardson Most Athletic： Amanda JimcosKy + E・J. Flippen Most Artistic： Nathalia Avila + Trent Gray Best personality： Maranda Keihl Dave Keller Biggest Flirts： Jess Keihl + Kevin Fahey Cutest Couple： Maranda Keihl + Dave teller Best Friends： Aaliyah Massey 申心初 g-0$a Trent Gray, Austin Gey + Kevin Fahey Class Clowns： Jess Keihl + Kevin Fahey Teachers pet： Ciera Gensei 4-Jake Honoosic �Remember The Titan》 Remember The Titans < TC Tone G Jess Keihl “Sometimes life's just hard, for no reason at all?' The Haley Macuga character Carol Boone in Remember the Titans said this in the Kevin Fahey movie when everything that could go wrong, did. It is absolutely Amanda Jimcosky true for life. As we grow up and move forward on our chosen path, there are going to be things that are going to be hard. Vivianna Castellano However; with hard work； anything is possible. Dreams at time Will Richardson may be hard and seem unattainable, but you must keep giving it Chris Mylott all of your strength, love and determination. It's not how hard it is; rather; it's how easy it looks staring at the finish line. In Re­ Stephanie Short member The Titans, the team came together when it seemed im­ Amy Cherinko possible. They joined sides, despite their differences, and over­ Gabby Conover came what seemed like the hardest obstacles. The team be­ comes the unifying symbol for the community as well as the adults who learn to depend on and trust each other. "People say that it can't work, black and white. Here, we make it work every­ day. We still have our disagreements, of course, but before we reach for hate, always, always, we remember the titans." - Sheryl Boone. We may not have it all together, but together we have it all! <3 "The family you come from isn't as important as the family you are going to have."-Ring Lardner �If w you ?luws vte you L®k stroe I go speeches?噩 you 碱仍 TO<S I血©对s»botii you就L奶kx魂 I AVish如§铃祉也春俩$ D勰留so两。旎 ^otfrg 讯w聊s on my wind MoEKfeg, id。。。,沥d。翊沌 M）皿呀眼e hov^骚d ［乱淑 M）江珪 there with to my Me IW to 场氐 to you but I freeze I to w》氐-with yoa but I 辄I on ray knees Nb iw腿 how 骚d I 蚓 MM?ys 诵业 you by my side （uneven K you od0 knew ■ 5. �Mi Compaiiera Daisy 2Cce Frsendoo. 2TL Charmen. 1€cc i-cpefuho< 1CCC E^eolhme …， 1Ccc Hsw&§e。。…/ 15€c Keader. jcc Hoie§ap. Mi 响or amigs Daisy gosa es mi compafiera por seis semanas en ei programa de Upward Bound. Nosotros somos mejores amigas desde ei sexto grado. Tenemos much。en comun. Vamos a ser mejor amigas para siempre. Cuando ei programa termina, perdere la vista de eiia diario. Ella es graciosa y muy loca. Daisy es como is hermana que nunca tuve. 4cc tamp...... : 3CC ncLggCaiirt Wreeii ai/oiuni my toys Ameirflrainioo0ooll9m Buere to be ffiree lcc 'H hc8e..... J mt remember tihaiil B9m me? My best friend Daisy $osa is my roommate for six tueeKs in the program Upward Bound. We've been best friends since the sixth grade. We have a lot in common. We are going to be best friends always. When the program ends, I win miss seeing her every day. She is funny and very crazy. Daisy is liKe the sister I never had. �Amanda Jimcosky Vacation Getting ready to pack, Jess Keihl Going away for a whole week. Composition Nothing to worry about *til I get back. Ode to Pepper A fun escape is what we seek. With a crooked little smile and eyes so blue, He is always beside me no matter the place Time to get away To a desert, lake, or bay. He is my best friend with a heart so true. I don't care where we go, He always puts a smile on my face. As long as we get a break. Indeed, he has a very bad under bite No one is a foe. And tends to run into the door. No reason for a headache. With the other boy dogs he'll only pla Time to get away But this dog 1 love with all my might. With him HI cuddle with on the floor Because fl! always give him his way. Many people call my baby a mutt That's okay though because he is all mine He doesn't have a pure breed strut Which makes everything about him fine As long as he protects me during the night And will always be by my side when I sleep VJith his adorable head on my chest He may be a dog, but he is my knight For he always comforts me v/hen I weep, So in my eyes he'll forever be the best. To a desert, lake, or bay. The wind wraps around me, Creating an abyss. This place is the key To my happiness. Time to get away To a desert, lake, or bay. I feel as free as a bird But soon I'll have to go back To that place that seems absurd. Relaxation is something it will lack. Time to get away To a desert, lake, or bay. �Fahey I Fahey Kevin Fahey my aunt was on her deathbed. I was talking to her when she said she was lired so I left Mrs. Komorck her to sleep. I went to the lobby and everyone went into her room. 2 The next morning I had found lhai she died during the nighi. This was the first Communications lime 1 had actually known a person who died. I was distraught until I found a note she 5 July 2011 had written me stating that it was okay to be sad as long as I was able to pick up the Who I am. “W ho a person is?" is a question answered by the experiences one goes through pieces afterwards. throughout life. For me, how I reacted to my experiences was more important than the The final experience I am going io speak about involves my friend Malt. This day situations themselves. My entire life I have had people who influenced me and molded started with Matt coming to get me so we could have a game of football. Matt was 13 and who I am. I was 12. During the game, everyone was in an argumeni regarding whether someone was When I was four, I had a meeting wilh iwo pre-school teachers who were going to in or out of bounds. I got fhistraied and left on my bike and Matl had followed me as I see if 1 was capable of schooling at my age. When they were just about io arrive at my was leaving. 1 crossed an intersection and I heard Matl call my name. I looked back to see house I w as in the process of moving my bowels. They were al the door and I had jusi him coming across the road and he was struck by a car. finished on my port-a-kiddy. I turned around with no pants on and they came in. I had 1 ran io his house to get help while a man who had saw lhe accident tended to him. He was airlifted out and everyone who was involved in the football game thoughi he just mooned them and I was embarrassed and hid. The iwo teachers found it hilanous and instantly loved me. I found that first was close io dead because he had lost a lot of blood. In the situation I believed that it was impressions are not everything and that it is okay to be comfbnable with myself. By my fault he was hurt and everyone was trying io convince me other wise. He was better comfortable I mean it didn't matter who I was or who did not like me; I would still like within a matter of weeks bui for a good amount of time I never lost the feeling that I myself caused it. I eventually coped wilh it and I brought myself out of the dark. Another experience was when my great aunt Kale passed away. I was nine years Everything that has happened in my life has affected me whether it is large or o!d. I had met her iwo limes before the two weeks before her death. Forthose few weeks small. 1 believe thai 1 have had experiences that will last a life lime and then I remember 1 most of my family had lived at her house as everyone knew of her deteriorating health have only just begun. except me. I think she look a liking lo me as we became close though our bonding over baseball and cartoons. Then one night we all woke up and weni(o the hospital because �Stcfanie Short Composition - -TfU M心a &； “Ode io Reading'* Through every book across the world, To every setting and theme. They will always interest many girls. •...4vi»Ur SjtV 打7 Involving sports from hockey io football teams. Reading travels through each person differently. Bringing emotions of sorrow, enthusiasm, and madness. Fly through the air like a hawk. Take the right key. As long as you're full of openness, Don't worry you won't have to walk. L一牛 —J A book in your car, a。工 jjjrr Your mind makes reading fun. No matter where you are, !二；^rt. fa- nuj t&ric ；—■- r-e- Even if you're bored under the sun. An imagination can take you take you anywhere A book is a good thing io have. .-rM, -r £ j-iiZvC. Reading can take your brain off anything. /though you don't have io be square, Especially when you*re having a pep talk with your dad iry 号匕 »--C-L~r-ir "冬 art，7 terjz As long as you believe you're a king. �TOOL 电） 叶巳旧 ��Amanda Jimcosky Ode to French Fries 100% Aman虫 By： Gabriella Conover 20% family…They're the onesi care about. 13% athlete... I'm always sure to workout. They start off big and round Some people like them baked They can be called spuds or potatoes Many times they are hot They are normally piled in a mound If you are not careful they can be fakes They taste the best when matched with tomatoes Many people say they are not You can call this place French fry galore They are often paired with meat You may like them crunchy A lot of people like them brown Some people want them served with cheese They can never be perfect no matter how hard you try No matter how much you eat, you alv/ays v/ant more They best be arranged neat Some people like them munchy When you are eating them you should be wearing a crown You may get lucky if u say please All hale the delicious French fry. 17% best friend... going on the tenth year. 17% girlfriend. He*s the one I hold dear. 9% musician... for it warms my heart. 12% student... ever since the very start. 10% future... You never know what will come. But that's not 100%. I know; I'm not dumb. The last two percent stay up in the air. For everything else that to try I will dare. ■i s �Slctanie Shon 100% Hayley Composition 20% runner••- almost as if I can fly Narrative Essay 10% shy--although I open up in a blink of an eye Changing Places 10% fami ly-sister, daughter, and niece 20% travel ler---I plan to head East transformed into something else. This During the years, many things from my life have These changes could be for the better transfbrmaiion shaped my life in various different ways. or worse in lhe future, present, or past. In order to understand, I recognize the strange. imeresting. and awesome events around me. Some of these changes I know very well and others are ostracized. to whatever my destination may be Chmse can be anything from extinction to mall center or a room moved around in a house. A comer grocen- store was an enormous tragic event for me. The store sold verjdilieenilv io even- customer who walked in the place. The spacious aisles permitted citizens citizen: io browse freely around each comer. Adolescenls from everywhere come back to this place at least 20% eating••- T m always having a feast 5% random---sometimes I' m off in my own land once e\ en_ few days. 5% friend••- I' m always there to lend a helping hand My first taste of sweetness began in the family owned store. Frequently and often, daydreaming children hope to swallow a delicious piece of candy. A favorite of mine was Swedish fish. My brother and I would play with the red fish eating them. After many years, they sold colorful candy fish. When I tasted the colorful versions of the candy, I decided to stay loyal to the original kind. As I grew the store sold less to customers. The place is going out of business. It was heanbreaking io hear the news. My brother and I had delightful memories in that store. We first experienced the goodness of Swedish fish, and we tried other food items. Eventually, the comer store was demolished and never seen again. Memories will remain in the family owned shop for generations. After 1 forget the store and possess other food items, I will become relieved of my sorrow. They provide many memories ries for customers every everywhere where with the friendly owners. From the opening of the store around the time of the * closing, ' ,' change will forever be in my mind. and* this many people are sure to see 10% determined—never settle for the least �Castellano 1 Castellano 2 because you've been around them the most. When Fm around them I'm \ i\ iana Castellano very talkative. Some people don't think I am, but I when I'm with Mrs. Komorek people that Tm very comfortable with, I can talk forever. For example, Communicaiions when we have relatives come and visit here, they usually get here late, 5 July 2011 yet everyone is still up at three o'clock in the morning talking. Well talking and eating. Who am I? Am I a bad person or a good one? Am I shy or outgoing? Small I'm a huge of fan of food. Maybe you can't really tell because I'm ihings like this make up who we are. Who am I? The only person that little, but I eat a lot! I especially eat a lot more since my mom makes the can answer that is the person asking the question. But then you get those people v.ho say "I don't know who I am.^, To those people I say good luck in finding who you are. As fbr me, 1 have a pretty good idea of who I am. best food ever! She learned most of her recipes from her mother and grandmother in Mexico. So this means a lot of spicy foods in our diet. But 1 don't mind because I eat more spicy foods than they do sometimes. I'm an athlete. I love playing soccer and field hockey. I mean I I m a daughter, a sister to one brother, and a relative to too many family members to count. They all mean the world to me. Having a huge family most of the time is really fun. It means having crazier crazier getget- togethers and having so many people be there fbr Your families are the usual people who have to be able to keep in shape somehow with all the food I eat. Soccer is my absolute favorite sport. Ifs great because my whole family loves it too. So it brings us closer when we're glued to the TV watching the Gold C叩 and the World Cup. We're all yelling at the referees on TV for you no matter what. making a bad call. These are crazy times at the Castellano household. you are most comfortable with �Castellano 3 Castellano 4 I'm alxvaxs in a good mood. 1 look at things with the glass half full. And people should because well \\e only have only one life to live so wh\ look at things in a negative way? I always have a smile on my face I'm an animal lover. When I was in first grade, our science room had animals that we could take home over the holidays. (With our parents, permission of course) Well I really wanted to take home this and have such a bubbly personality. I also see myself as being a sweet, really big gray fat bunny. I remember being so excited when my teacher nice and caring person. Like if I see a friend looking upset, I ask him or told me that I was able to take him home. When we got home, we set up her if they're ok, even ifTm not so close to them. You never know what his cage in the living room. And this was a huge cage! It was one of someone is going through so all they might need is someone to ask how those cages where you just pop on the top and that you could put you they're doing. fingers through. So anyways, to feed him we have to open the cage and 1 m determined, hard working, and very unlucky when it comes to sports. I \ e had a broken thumb, two concussions, a bone contusion and a bruise on the inside on my Chest (which I have now). Not to mention all the bruises that everyone gets. This all happened in the last Somehow he was able to sneak around my mom's arm and fit through the little gap that there was and got out! You have no idea how funny it was to see everyone trying to catch this fat bunny, which apparently could still move really fast, running around making everyone scream and a tough cookie to break though. Although I get hurt, I keep playing because I' I'm determined to work hard to be able to play. we I mean my parents, tilted the top of the cage to pour some food in. school year. I only play two sports. Even my doctor says I should play something like golf instead. But Fm tilt it because there wasn't any little slot to put the food. So we, and by be loud. Finally after we caught him and put him back in his cage, we all m committed to what I do. sat around and laughed so hard and made fun of each other on how we t。get better at the sports I love looked when we tried catching this ridiculously sneaky fat bunny. This was the first time I brought home a pet from school... and the last, So finally, who am I? I am so much more than meets the eye. �10Q%.Co[nEetelv Me bv: Jess Keihl 20% music- my all time favorite song is " Zoey Jane" 10% aunt- my life consists of Zoey, Tyler, and Jace 10% hyper-1 dare you to to try to keep up with my pace I! 10% runner-1 tend to be light on my feet 10% weird- but 1 walk to rhythm of my own beat 10% marine-1*11 always be v/illing to fight 10% honorable- I'll be standing for whafs right If you cant see me, open your eyes This is all me; it's everything but lies 6/C!/'Li ��Ode to Harry Potter By Kevin Fahey My Mind by Will Richardson My filvoritc place would be my mind And when you go inside you* II find Many » thing that are not kind To the eyes or ears Orphaned, the Boy Who Lived had a scar Never knowing who he was Listen to the melody And here its divine comedy He was a wizard, who rides broomsticks not cars No when you go inside this place For when he was young he lived with his cuz \ ou' 11 see muny things of terror und grace Arrived at Hogwarts, Placed in Gryflindor And soon it will be time to race Instantly made friends, Hermione and Ron Awaj from what you see First year he defended the Sorcerer's Stone Listen to the melody Year Two, in the chamber, tlie snake hit the floor And here its divine comedy Year Three, Freed Sirius Black, an escaped con And gave Wormtail a loan So when you nin from this place in tear Fr<>ni many things ofblackcne<i seer And so it will be very clear Year Four, he was chosen by the Goblet of Fire '『he intention ofyour visit Cednc, a fried, lost his life in a graveyard Year Five, they called him a liar Listen to the melody And here its divine comedy A philosophy came true as the Ministry fell in shards Year Six, we learned more About Voldcmort's, the Dark Lord's, life Ihit on this final note TH state I find my mind both grand und great But Iiecausc I'll bore you at this rate Hany's mentor, Dumbledore, was made to die I'll end it on this Year Seven, we bund out what was in store Mad-Eyc, Hedwig, Snape, Fred, and Dobby died ； at tlic knife But Hany triumphed, relaxed, and was able to sigh Listen to the melody And here its divine comedy �Generation Z expertise in the culinary arts. Shortly after acclaimed lawyer Viviana Castellano assisted in the W Tony Goreczny proposition of a new trade agreement which would ensure greater cooperation and less antagonism :ts the \ea- 2:56 znc Earth is a world ofpesce. Al! countries have been united under the cf a p：=-.et spsnning government known as the Global Economic Union. Individuals thrive off □f ricn=5t work:n s capitslis: land of opportunity and personal liberties are at the highest they h=ve er been. Sreskrhroughs in the scientific and medical communities have extended the aversgeexpectancy to 120 ysars. Humankind has returned its attention to the stars and ~orstn=- snycne cou;c have possibly imagined. After terraforming Mars, a colony v/as startec； ■.•. n'ch :-to rts own self-sufficient civilization. Both planets combined resources to form over across border product distribution. Castellano was instrumental in ironing out the snags that different countries were worried about in the trade agreement. Around this time a new sport, known as Grifball, rose to the top of international competition. Christopher Mylott won over the hearts of the entire world with his riveting commentary of the first ever Grifball World Championship. The event attracted more viewers on more forms of media than had any other event in the history of the world. With new technological advances more widely available in every country, leading biochemist Sc： Systsm =xtr=-sc：=-cxp：crciions; the first organization whose sole purpose was to explore and Stefanie Short and esteemed doctor Amanda Jimcosky developed a gene therapy which greatly =xp=nz ojt'A'zrc from Oixrtiny comer of the galaxy. After years of exponential growth and reduced the chance of heart disease, and served as an unforeseen contributor to the overall strength bbU was made with advanced beings from the far reaches of space. Trade of the human heard and was the first step towards life expectancy increase. At this point in time, the 三艺'wlvk ch—e zd mirton and newly acquired technology and knowledge led to a new golden era, economic depression of the 21* century had completely reversed itself and new business thm opportunities were everywhere. One man had a vision for the future like no other. Kevin Fahey crhl ch hwsnfty had never seen before. However, life was not always as heartening and eridearirg =s it is today. quickly became one of the richest men of the world as he was able to create successful businesses as :二 s time v.Tten Esrth was facing a global economic depression, there was a frantic "war on often as Donald Trump went bankrupt. Kevin became the major financial contributor to Sol System terrcrv ~=>v counmes who had previously been powerless were building nuclear weapons, and Extra-solar Explorations. With the development of Faster-Than-Light drives, we were finally able to 在ease was 72工？由：in developing countries, it seemed like all hope for humanity had been lost. It start expanding to the stars. However, our first extraterrestrial encounter was not a friendly one. ■Eirns。工 We found ourselves in a pitched battle against 3 foe with superior military technology. In a last ditch mt the end of the tunnel, or rather the end of the alphabet. Generation Z 二MWTorrn sornw or the most influential and innovative people the world had ever seen. Many effort to survive the war, a special task force of marines was dispatched to the enemy's home planet, -eb2t21顽相5 E5 bwcsuse it was the first generation to grow 叩 with access to the MetaPlex led by Chief Gunnery Sergeant Jessica Keihl. This task force was able to slip in undetected and (they knew it as the mtemet). Others claim that they simply received the most potent gene capture the ruling body of the alien planet. Forced negotiations brought an end to the war and a combinstions from the crfldren of the baby boomers. Regardless of why there were so many extrapeople m Generation Z, no one can deny the profound effect that they had series of trade agreements established neutral zones as well. progress of our society. survived. Extinction was imminent, both by our hand and that of an extra solar enemy. Yet we Th。咿 there were numerous contributors, our new golden era can be attributed to a f( ,、3 〜a rew primary leaders in their respective fields. Amy Cherinko managed to prevent the third world war when, -A-h： e investigating the assassination of the President of the USA, she disco、 )vered that the real perpet^tcrs of the 5m* were 2昂 terrorists from within America's own borders, not the prevailed and have been surging forward at an ever increasing rate. Though none of these amazing on the suspected Chinese. A famous ccmedisn named William Richardson,. with the invaluable help of the expert photographer Hayley Macuga, started the first international forum for all . . ,5 «ll types of creativity, media, snd culture. At this forum, acclaimed Food Network star Gabriella Conover showcased her It is ver>, clear to see that without these extraordinary people mankind might never have people are still here today, it is quite obvious that had they not possessed the grit determination and ingenuity they demonstrated, none of us would be here either. �Maranda Kelhl- Spec知 Education Teacher tcoukou Aka-Ezoua - Clinical Psychologist Klmberty Ashton-Ungarskj1 - Advertiser Nathalia Avila - Animator Natasha Bogutzki- Actress Becky Bolton - Animal Law Enforcer Marissa Keihl - Physical Therapist David Keller - Marine Corps/Pyrotechnician Tiana Kilbourn - Psychologist Kayla Luminella- History Teacher Hayley Macuga - Photographer Jacqueline Marroquin- Dental Hygienist/Teacher Viviana Castellano- Lawyer Aaliyah Massey - Lav/yer/Doctor Tiffany Castro- Lawyer Katie McGuire - Teacher Amy Cherinko - Crime Scene Investigator Steven Miller - Music Artist/HVAC Alyssa Conner - Marine Biologist Christopher Mylott - Sports Broadcaster/Chef Gabriella Conover - Culinary Mayor Rebekkah Parsons - Pharmacist Haley Dudeck - OBGYN/Pedlatrician Stevie Potoski - Forensic Scientist Alysha Ennis - Lawyer Rachel Rakowski - Psychologist Kevin Fahey - Entrepreneur William Richardson - Comedian Edward Flippen- NBA player/Superstar Crystal Seashock - Accountant Ciera Gensel - Forensic Scientist Stefanie Short - Biochemist Tabitha Golembeski - Interior Designer Daisy Sosa- Cardiovascular Technologist Kailynn Granoski - Nurse Ralzy Sosa- Accountant Austin Gray - Chef Gabrielle Williams - Professional Motocross Racer Trent Gray- Model Matthew Yatison - Pharmacist Brennan Hartmann - Wrlter/Secondary Education English Teacher Nikki Zula-CRNA/ Anesthesiologist Jacob Honooslc - President Amanda Jimcosky - Doctor/Physiclan Assistant Amanda Judge - Judge Jessica Keihl- Marine Corps/Writer �> d r _ 不。 an Br TC * Adrian Brito * David Keiler * Tiana KHbourn 率 Marissa KeiE * Amanda Judge *2izy gosa * Stevie potosKi * Monzie 竹& tk&g 彻 is： NO q（RL$ ALCOM^D/ Bat 号 血&& is 0f（& #*/ th>a£ 血啥 §旅 a. wag into 馅吞 > Kal Ezoua * EdouKou AKa- Ezoua d.a n d y Sosa EdouKOU *BecKy Bolton % IM扁Rosg氏is a牲。叩时bo骅and血 w穹 一 一 由奇 K bourn >manda Judge Anthony TC Anthony 笋。牛［b%辱a "£om他妒也at狗依 aifoai 麻林4&ip and tkat s 觇血g ojant to ha的.1~。颇 团阪 Ra.s&a.Ss is 勰 ahoui ^i&ndslvip mot1■& than an才th畅,Ram Li砒g Ra&aa。& is。传 big 加购, Tke^ "J/ast夕&彻妙 to &G3 eaab ot伪〃 b成 0）0^七愣右"件 to 邮顷肮。痴加泌捕: 一思广 Our Gang �UDward Bound Stevie Potoski Ode to Sleep Upward Bound is a very good program. AVithour you people would go crazy. You give off great joy. Upward Bound helps me in school exams. Sleeping in is for the lazy, Whether it be girl or boy. Upward Bound is lots of fun. Sometimes you slip away, sleeping comes dreaming. Upward Bound gets things done. One dream, two dreams, three, or four. There's even times you want to sleep all day. Upward Bound taught me how to call women uMa,am.n Refreshed in the morning and beaming, Or falling back asleep for more. It eases the mind. And puts you at rest. Ar Upward Bound it's hard to find. You're up all night studying for that test. You can sleep anywhere you please. There's light sleepers and heavy sleepers. For the heavy sleepers not even the biggest booms wake that crew. As for the light ones they can wake from the sound of a sneeze. There are people that watch you sleep and I call them creepers. Sleep, there's always time for you. .Roa* Sc£C. �Dark，M For S 诂•皿无 时 "at多膈匕 Ay clarkne^ 4lthougK$ 说以枕巧夕 wtn^gtK^rieadiy wcu^/br my 1* l tempt瀛 tt>y<Xn，S ity mZ牝&^6 x>uli 了b 厂却el，uiz tty ^Xky thready So her。I 0^40/ rf^tcfc/ M 卵凹 3 Lit a* CtcaU^I ^iy away Kot 矛 \v]xat "cr徐灵访nd/ Cty Shadowy beauty Drawrv cunzydxe^- way 1 ^o. Vu^rJc. It 以 华 eoMn多 to mes [。磁per访呼 Mid/ felUn^ me/ ter do weZL. Sbtch/ bright 她础■ it brua^. S%物修 理y ey% for f&cw that I'lb be^ju^t ever q blind/. It?旅^瘀ri"兹腿*ij be<uituflil cLn(LfML of Yettbth^I ㈣/ aMay 什ggHOndUt^Ught Not" p“0 凹 th^ ^tcu/h Ucvch Fc昨ver th。w“r wM/ ra^e： Forever wiU/ my \fou)j nor 施 i>vpeace； �cooked makes mouths water. The moist pieces of chicken fingers make people crave more. Around ihe comer is a garbage can that creates a revolting smell circulating the air. Walk down Compcsiiicn little further and your nostrils will be filled with the stench of the elderly. Descripiive Essay One reason an individual should taste the Farmer's market is because you can'i gel ii anywhere else made especially like that. Thumping of canes as handicapped people walk by, What's there to do on a boring Thursday night? beeping of homs from ncarbv cars, and chattering of people echo in the air. With steadiness and precision, cashiers count their well-earned money and drop the coins in the register, making a sn atmosphere in which you are welcomed by venders and their produce gives ycu = enlichiennieni of the Farmer's Market experience. The friendly environment gives you a knowing you are able to buy whatever it is that's on your grocery list. An sense of r二isi玄 feed zzd iiem mzrkei embraces your curiosity to discover what lies in store. Anything is a: a farmer's markei and once you step foot onto its grounds, you'll lose irack of time, loud “clank" sound. Approaching a jewelry stand makes you wonder how much time it takes for them io handcraft those woven bracelets. Feel the security once you try on fancy sunglasses that hide your identity. The ground located in the center of the square is made of brick, although there is water spouts connected in the ground, and the water shoots up from the ground when the power is turned on. Look around; what else do you see? An observant and imaginative person, the individual brings meaning to life when unappreciated things are noticed. Glass window k's roo bid Fanner's Markets are only held on Thursdays. chimes glisten in the sun, reflecting all colors of the rainbow. Trees act as the permanent canopy The soilness of ihe purses slowly calls out your name persuading you to buy it. People 蛀o are not v.illing to buy such particular articles that are cheap should not wasie their xime ainiHng wishing they had money in their pockets. It's hard not purchasing anything when over the Square, providing it with cool shady spots it needs. The crowded sidewalks enhance the risk of claustrophobia spreading. The intensiiy of the sun's ray creeps its way through the trees allowing people to still get sunburned. iieizs and irerchsndise are screaming, "Buy me, buy me!" You move on io witness two dogs scoping their surroundings, observing all the activity going on. As people pass by, Most smart shoppers know they have only a limited amount of money in order to buy yc-begin io nctice certain characteristics about them. For example, there are bound to be a themselves what they desire. There are plenty of things to do to occupy yourself when you're at a couple cut there with matching outfits or similar haircuts that make it difficult to determine what Farmer's Market. From eating fried pastries or simply enjoying the scenery, this place has it all. gender represenis either one of them. You can also notice some adults bickering back and forth A person must reach a point that his or her willingness will be ready to accommodate their in quiet mznner. There are bound to be ones that like to scream at the top of their lungs wishes. Farmer's Markets consists of multiple activities and inexpensive things to do. So take attempting to drsv.- attention lo them. Then only to make it a more realistic experience, the note of things io do when you're sitting at home on a Thursday doing nothing. Fanner's markets olums of iheir voice fluctuates when they defend their side of the story. in a more open area, there's a undisturbed iady laying on her blanket in the shade beneath an old oak tree peacefully reading a book. On the other side of the market, the natural fragrance of flowers and grasps peoples' atlention. To the right of the healthy stands, there's the sweet scent of fruit greasy and fattening foods that drive your senses over the edge. The aroma of the funnel cakes and French fries being are a fun way to spend time with your family so try it out some time! �lack of furniture? Was it the fact that I wasn't in my childhood room? Maybe it was because I wasn't with my family. The change was so apparent it was almost tangible. The ironic part w* Co—pos to that I couldn't even put my finger on the reason why. It just wasn't the same anymore. ^arratA e Ess=\ My brother who was sleeping next to me told me that he felt the same way. He could An Empty House definitely feel something felt different and that things had changed. Quickly and suddenly, I 'f ' had tc put rr.y chrdhood memories into one place, a little container or box will not s-r :=. rssd a reuse. To be more specific, I would need to put all of my memories in my 匕: isLehed :re started to cry. I felt lost as to how to feel about these changes in the house. To be honest, maybe it was the fact that I felt empty and the memories forever escaped from the walls. Ever since ： was four years old, that was where I cried the most, where I w-.er= i nsd the most fun, and where my family was officially whole. I can To this day I still feel this way and I still feel very awkward when sitting in the house. Yes, I still remember the memories for I will never forget them. It's just the fact that I feel like I don t =：-==； . ih rKcbcut the memories swirling around in my head. belong there anymore. It's like the feelings of security, love, and a comfortable environment c-： zhooz he—=. which was indeed comfortable, spacious, and wonderful, is located in a were replaced by a cold, empty one. Ifs almost like the house was getting ready for a new '=2 A： /"gborc, NJ. When I was 4, it became the most favorite place in the world for house and new memories. I've always heard that people who go back to visit their childhood that i experienced in that house have defined me today. All those very homes or neighborhoods can certainly feel that comfy, loving environment from long ago. For %,=--■ L气 t-.es sz=~z -c.zr. my family and friends, I never thought they could leave me. I always th=t if: ever came back it would always feel the same. For some reason, it never did. •. rere.er, .m'd visit the house or stay over, I never felt that I used to belong in the house. It exines rr=de rr.s feel awkward. It was weird to me because that had never happened when uK to Ir.-e there, i thought that regardless whether I moved out or not the environment A-o-id st：：： feel the same. I realized that it wasn't the case with me. it 3h 由nX after my family moved out of the house in 2006. After my dad's death, we 心ed to move to V/llkes-Barre for the sake of opportunity and the chance to move on. I 印乏31 grew vsr/szcustomed to my new house and Wilkes-Barre because when I came back to ,V./.ngboro for the summer, everything changed. That summer my brother and I decided to go back fcr g visit to our p!d house and we stayed there for summer vacation. My unde still had the house and he wanted to keep it. So we stayed with him were there : could already feel the change all around me. ,v力!d stiH feel the same. I didn't know why, but, when I atmosphere around me didn't feel right. It felt like it and his wife. The first night we I thought that when I came back, it went to bed, | felt frightened. The was never my house before. Was it the some reason, that never happened to me, and I'll probably never know why. ��SoetoThunderstomii Tn cCase de esycmoC As I look outside my window Tn Ca cCase cCe esycmoCnosotros aprencCemos como (iabCar en esyanoC Nosotros coiyugamos CasyaCa6ras, y aprencCemos dabCar en tievzpos diferentes: eC yresente, eCyreterito, xj aCfiituro. Tambien nosotras ciprendemos mucHasyaCabras cCe voca^uLdrio. Me gusta Ca cCase cCe esyanoCyorcjiie \joj)uecCo habCar con mis amigos en esyanoC. a mi tcnnbien me gusto, a Ca yrofesora; Sra.男Ihunu E血 ensena muy bien. Ano see the sky turning gray I turn my music down very low And watch as the blue sky begins to fray Rain is first to come Then lightning will surely strike And the thunder roars in the blackened sky it sounds almost like a distant drum Thunderstorms are the best thing I like '.•/hen it stats and says I don't want to say "Good-bye” You bring me peace and serenity When I see you're flashing lights and roar For now since you came, I can see with clarity Just please keep the rain from a bad pour Lightning soon flashes bright Brightening the night sky Then the thunder Hove to hear Sounds like a clash in a fight It makes me wish I could fly For such beauty I tear -Amanda Judge In Spanish Class In Sycniisli cCass ive (earn fio^v to speak m SycmisFi. ~We conjugate ^ords} ancCCearn to spealz in different tenses: tliej)resent} the.past, cnzcCtHe fvtture. JA.Cso we Cecnm mcmy vocabuCarx) yvords. I Spanisfi cCass Because I can talk ^vitli my friends, I also Ci^e the Spanish teaclier; Mrs. "BCdum. She teaclies iveCC �Edoukou Aka-Ezoua =• 01 Composition Ode CCS Ode to the outdoors Ode to the Ocean grest sights. The ocean is always able to calm my heart rs :- right place. It is always flowing and cooling my soul 乙 k=e; -ne nght. The beauty of it is like an art So i roj：d be ar ace. 2-r It,s a beautiful picture as new as a baby fowl -eat outdoors. Waves crashing against the shore ccme down.. Loud rumbling vibrating through the air The soft waler hugging my body It always brings me back for more ~c lose my ores . I appreciate it a lot which much care fmt turn the water brown. Because the ocean can speak to anybody :tirses you have to were a cost. Home of ticks. And of the blood sucking leeches. Its home is the creeks. This where my favorite place is. The cold water rushes towards me Like it's trying to tell me something The foam of the waves I see encircles my feet Like a little white bird trying to sing The place to smell. The warm sand tickles and smells In the great outdoors. They always bring me the joy I'm looking for So you can let your mind free. This place I know well. To let my mind soar. To just be me . The ocean is a place I'd like to dwell Because in the end I appreciate it a lot with much care It always brings me back for more �10 Things A Guy Should Never Do To A Girl Sy： Edoukcu Aka-Ezoua and Tiana Kilbourn ever io her about what you're doing/who you're with. You didn't know I downloaded that tracker app on your IPhone? Oops thought I -entioned it. Also, if you lie, we will find out about it. Your friends will always sell you cjt ro rralter how strong your "bromance" is with them. 2. ever use the "F" word...FAT. iVcrrer； =re very sensitive about their weight, so choose your words wisely. Don t even pause (we take a pause as you also thinking we're fat). Well, unless you want to get slapped. So the quicker you respond with a nice comment, the better off you'll be. 3. Don't ever compare her to another girl. perfect the way she is so let her know that. Comparing us to other girls only makes ls rhink tn=t you v/ant them instead of us (which better not be true, just saying). 二.Don,: ever set her hopes up and lead her on. Just don't do it. its not nice. Don't jump from girl to girl like they're some library book would return. You wouldn't want that done to you now, would you? 5. Don't ever cheat on her. You won't get the girl in the end and you,ll have that guilty conscience for the remaining yesrs to come. And honestly, who wants that label anyways? 5. Dor/： ever lower her self-esteem. Tr.ink before you speak! Even if you don't like our outfit, just tell us it looks great. And if c-j- butt does look big in that dress, just tell us no. It will get you brownie points in the Jong run. 7. Don't ever treat us differently when you're around your friends. 1 don't care if yoi/re v/ith the boys and you hate that cute nick name I gave you, that doesn't mean you have to act like you don't like it to be "cool." Its okay snookums, the/i! get over it eventually. 8. Don't ever try to make us jealous by flirting/texting/talking to our frisnds/random females. One-lt won't work and we'll hold it against you and use it as ammo in s future argument. Two- We will do it right back to you (remember that cute senior you asked me about? Yeah well, he's back in town. What a coincidence!) So let's be grownups and deal with our issues in a mature way pretty please. 9. Don't ever hurt her- in all aspects of the word. Let's just say, daddy v/ill come find you with his hunting rifle. I'm sure you wouldn't want that. LAST but definitely not least. 10. DON'T EVER UNDER ANY CIRCMUMSTANCES BREAK HER HEART. Donzt pull a Taio Cruz on us. It's only cool if he "breaks our heart." He at least warned us. So, if you are not Taio Cruz, which I am about 99.999999% sure you're not (darn), then you are not excluded from this rule. Just be good to us, that's all we really ask. Oh and remember, we make you're sandwiches for you so don't bite the hand that feeds you. �Melfl Anihony Melf ENG 200: Foundations Seminar Dr. James Wallace 5/4,10 Creative Assignment: Silence L A nd/ w& 务任必修约 th& wor Side by side, the streams of water ran wide over wild steep steps of moss. The broken limbs of trees served as dividers distinguishing separate paths eventually parting into two gulfs of water. A cool breath blew wiihin the surrounding forest where upon an intruder woke its silence. The fresh soil of recent rainfall had been stomped into by the interlopers heels. Muddy fboiprints trailed one another towards the river srreams. Each tall lumber glowered down on ihe passenger. Cutting past the trees, the silhouette passed over the rocks, the squirrels and ihe A nd/ weyar&the/ bCrd^< insecis. Baby's breath fresh in the now eerie mist traveled alongside this androgynous individual. Dressed in dreary black, the shadow of a person crept upon the riverside. Peeking from behind a tree bark, the eyes wore light and the reflection of rushing water. Blue clouded skies struck with a ray of sun defined the eyes' quality. The dark strands of hair were separated at the A nd/ the^ 奴必/多 brow and did nor exceed the collar. There was a magical quality io the running falls along the green path. There was a direction from which everything flew and where everything was going. The individual with pale pouted lips stared silently ai the falls fbr hours. A /bd/ we^ “0 waA/e^, Jamie was a silent poet, who dreamed the world would hear the lyrics spiraling inside one's mind. The slightest touch, smell or taste could evoke the most stimulating sensory experiences. Holding a feather pen. Jamie danced the tip along the page never writing a single word. To be continued. �STAFF BABY PiCTSURES.oe STAFF BABY 啊CTU 魅S … ^There is always one momenl in childhood when the door opens and lets the future in." -Deepak Chopra 71 -R '膈叫 tsnp tj, -£ ' 力• -H :f ，咋wsoW-3 '卢"苹 T'Bs3 Cpgvgq 豚H-U �个故仁为 林吁就5』、s■愿 心树 驴.br思为&九ecM作尤&冰 牛宓尢 相寸玉勿尤*尢 eV 瘟巳心&奴以 4e/riJ!jt^e 俨1/)\切衣人eA,小宓为 *1人ezr/ X/iXe Wxf FG "JUe以 二..". c _ wcg添", 扪&册域e /yK&VAe, Me _^c-<vyk 4^>Ae£ “n "；tleXe 矿。乂e/ee^t 站e =A" 三土方"力心客" f 也£e4,衫"!为&e %义e4 州f)£te顶项：& ey以q项:巳勺仅 伸5、。邑 avJIs 以5、s■以 4 ：n二 w、气®tC容-jvie制加温蛔康苗6槌, Qz饥々1戒配£ ，3土步3^&&4 /U & Ve岭 w\iz广人£令尤人切 5-4 ,:代 .T?.s <5 ezi 鲜j'lte/rJ/ gc//h曹 4& cJU^ejte bcX .二 f匕 4 加-予<\犬¥蜀 《■砰蓍 jtAsSeXv 另f乙顷蜀卜砰冒瓶冰加 Xv电 电 5&尢 WU人&诚-a4』、l&x&t, 二巳；二冬号，巳~,金¥已』J以I &尤AqCA e&/)ivj)^/iv&eyeAq eveVifjti/)he 尤i/rne尤代e仰 jW三一:点：玄@妹力#%」很 仲“% 4出&奴4 ；U)!£a心必7/G -.N%w -.二上■=工LL〔 .况曷《,L〔jtAe•于"小顶奴藉原 状厄损人七AugmQi俨&[vs」二，"七5 卒 决Vejt住 Xlteg J个；t/le 亦GV%e "T/Le/^i4±eA./iG每4 寸 rN怎实人以.从时心Ge就:jVs阪心做疝 MM# "Ge "。心w F / a杭号歇&我也j. b喙,瓜中护 E r M-g-味必疝切¥心e成如的 仲8 sg 4,辱e4， 岁 砂・w "M E *E ，疝 Zg S项 Me 瞄 g& Me 知* 心、. e - s J > 冬尤Aw.源S, 4&C 凡％4 为6 gAAjte -a乃 '：.-<• i 为-瀛人^. 3Xe jtjvyK JJeC/JieJ!农 g^Xe 七印“必成:苛 心&馆 （ ^Jle 林阳比 8-ao/l ^e<vyK 仆5、&攻 s"!U! A,eeeAVe癌e狄心次庐2 4为《 人允为G yte^vyn. /yKe€^tA/h-^ //ix』个以4 A/t &个 尤&e 小£•为t 为J/m 4^/if, Te^pv A/L^teUU&cJ Gee^ne & VeV^ eX&4e 侃以 4<%, 65、geJt. &攻.XeeJJJce44 gNeeJ!£e44 }5<如"心枣“？Xe歇快仪人&g{ feJ/Ae / ,-,S； eX^MCjieM 0际Me/A -<J^€zivtuAe4 刁淋人妞以"WnXxeW^ 从M 4^vpxeA. E-rTVirr^n.F、？ k.’—Mg血强.” ! -.-' •• ■< -•' l" ~r，r'.~~'>- ,京， 如3&n"藏诚Y临l ■ ■ o I ， I �Lliv4U The sound cf fngsrs movng sLN ever ke^tsoards is aii tz farrilisr for Sa ran Connors. She'd been hearing ttse sound 新 cis past tn Keen yewns working st CPU4b Working with computers v.-ss just her Wing： One aftemocn, a call oarne in about a oroken computer. "Sarah, you better take inis one. This guy sounds □esperste fcr soms help," said to Sarah. Ssrah smited. It had been a slow dsy so she was unusually excited to make tnrs house call. *Did he 茂y wtiat kind of computer he has? Did he give you any information?5 Sarah asked as she went over to the cost ra改 and grabbed herjseket handed her h:s aadress. “He didn't say mudi. He did ssy his name is Devon HaUin. He sure sounded like a cutie though!" Sarah laughed and smiled. Tii be back later!D As Sarah drove to the addr^s MicheHe had given her, she couldn't help but wonder if this guy was good looking. Every time Sarah made a house ca：l, she sewsys hoped theyd be cute, but was usually disappointed the moment they opened the door Halfway there, Sarah's car started to stall. “Oh come on. Please we're almost there. You can do it coms on!" Sarah begged her car as it continued to stall. Sarah maneuvered her car over to the side of the road. Sarah pulled out her cell. ■Hey Michelle my car stalled. I'm almost to his house. Can you give me Devon's number so maybe he can come pick ma up?" Michelle laughed. "Oh。 boy. Here is his number," and she read off the number as Sarah wrote it down. Right after she hung up with her, she called Devon. "Hello Devon I'm from CPU4U. My name is Sarah. My car broke down not even ten minutes from your house. Do you think it's possible for you to come get me?" Sarah asked. uSure I can. Where are you at?" Sarah rattled off where she was. “I'll be right there. Sit tight!" he said. Devon v/as true to his word. Not even fifteen minutes later a Jetta pulled up next to her car. He got out and smiled at her. Sarah's heart did a little summersault He had short brown hair and the bluest eyes she'd ever seen. Was he cute? Understatement! He was drop dead gorgeous. "Need rne to get your equipment outta the back? When we get back to my r1 house i'll call for a tow.' Devon stated as he moved to get her equipment out of her car. She helped him and they v/ere on their way to his house. The car ride over was extremely pleasant. Sarah was actually disappointed when they pulled up to his house ana now had to get to work. Devon got out before her and opened her car door and smiled. "Wow what a gentleman you are," Sarah said. He blushed. uSo, ready to see the computer?” he asked as he led her towards the computer room. "Sure," she said and smiled at him. A few hours later, Sarah finally had gotten Devon's computer straightened out. "I think you should be good. If you have any more problems just call us." Sarah told him as they were heading to his car. He smiled at her. "Oh I will. Could i have your number? I mean, strictly for computer purposes only." Sarah smiled to herself. “Yes you can have my number. And don't worry, you can still call me if it's unrelated to computer troubles," she said. He smiled. *1 might just happen to do that!" At Upward Bound we have a lot of fun. There is never anyone to shun. Meeting new people there, people who truly care. While getting everything we need dome。 Cornier �：、.拦 CG'iipav.eya Shaniese... ， s sido amigas desde sexto grado. :K&a 初es Shcniesc. \osot?'Cis hemos f cuando estanios juntas. Le digo todo a mi Nosotras t^cmos tiempos buenos c---- --------i-jmpanera. A vecesyo creo que q ella es mi madre porque ella me da consejo ”:项 bM-o. Ella puede ser loca a veces pero yo no podria vivir sin ella. ；Ella es cc5：r :：L---nanay vamos a ser mejor amigas para siempre! - 4 vou'seiHc '・★ .* * , ★.面 r • ' THE STR3 TO mV BURST M THEFOPTOmVTflST^ WlHEfiiUiT TO mV Loony BUTmOSTIfflPORTflNTLV, YOlMTHEKSTTOniYfW! My Roommate Shaniese... J,fy besifnend is Shaniese. We have been bestfriends since sixth grade. We have the best times when we are together. I tell her everything. Sometimes I think she is my mom because she gives me the best advice. She can be crazy at times bull couldn 7 live without her. She is like my sister and we are going to be bestfriends forever! The cutest couple of all peeps(: By: Ciera Gensel �/()()匝记 Kaitlyn McGuire Composition "ODE TO BATMAN" 、' . but t/iat J not the beit/xv)t, 6 ':＜、L".. ir/ite/i 贝ea混沙have a /iea/yt, AS A CHILD WITH A FEAR HIS PARENTS TOOK HIM TO A PLAY they Were shot he, shed a tear 、'、e means in alw写A BATMAN MADE A VOWTO PROTECT THE INNOCENT IN EVERYWAY 二、::.广如＜/J al(raif6 (eant tc take a "啪牙, he Was an orphan even more scared STARTING TO TRAIN OVERSEAS WITH A MASTER BATTLING VILLAINS WHO SCRATCH AND BITE NO ONE CAN DEFEAT HIM IF THEV DARED d、、E - 'J 乙'二上；王状叫 big， 二二 j 侦 nc4 like a/x＜f, HE WORKS ALONE - THE MYSTERIOUS BLACK KNIGHT HIS ARCH NEMESIS. JOKER, IS MORE THAN CRAZY. 、】J m mdncbc^ can c/ian^e that 、、点…、:HJ ?. NOW HE IS FIGHTING TEN TIMES FASTER ieffer than a hat. THERE IS CAT WOMAN, PENGUIN, AND. AND THE RJDDLER TO FIGHT. BATMAN I TELL YOU IS NOT AT ALL LAZY. When he sees the bat signal he rushes into the night. FOR HIS SERVICE HE ASKS NO FEE. HE RIDES THE BAT MOBILE DECKED IN BLACK. BATMAN OVERCAME HIS FEAR OF BATS. TO KILL NO PERSON IS HIS PHILOSOPHY. IN JAIL THE CRIMINALS HE WILL STACK. 冲X% r &必羿力 HE SHOULD HAVE A BASEBALL CARD WITH ALL HIS STATS. �tST© 浮砌oritcu ^S(wnd. <士 &> 歹:w 6£.?7^(ziL&z. 十& & 葛he is g邺 Dice. t^ ~^^£Z：l花岁盘a la.枷笋. 'WW &ene ana^^nakdad- l^b^eante牙 &i W么 珥iia， 牙龙 6r&7iceada. mi修耄龙s泌P ,Qf^ UaTTKL She is 叩邺 pretty. i>h@ lifees the be@ch. She h笼 a bu.bbfy pefSon^W 组用 is 7硝 perky. She is Blonde md is to. Who is my 朝世ft© fC? J-fe1 mme is 琳ch或 泌s知0沦 �Sa乱&妒 ODE TO SOCCER cheers and energy that makes you twirl afl tnlnc heart• Tzils =~azing sport has my zhe most popular sport in the world. \：=ke s _re you' re good so you can start• Q)lle rt.CA>ei CeaQ心 mg ei2e (2s，fa no. aa alic & me ia line iDilRaal Kcc ticcbi m, au^. oawl S W coff甚 ticax me. me. S'm ；；hen it comes to skills, Make s_rs you know them or else you111 lose. ShMt aiffxj. 'torvl Ice比 (JftAaiLgi'v atF Jic 2oc& ia atcvic However, if you prevail, You need to know the drills. Ana be careful so you don’t bruise. Z)Ca^-c^i aKe 2oc& Kavc a ^iapei tfva.L a&c ten3i tc St a acme* 如氐e tinvc in CenstK S心"就s 2o w- cazc it&e a»ic S sQgt S 严omi&c Therefore you won't wail. 腴 o geJoicvet ($nc Be careful not to slide tackle. Watch the calls, So you don; t have to cackle. my galq S 私L J S U &喝 ^itKcu-l So if S', Sfic a S can. never I 读illl fict S tii auxe S 3olE \CitK q)Kc Lon;二 lose those nice and expensive balls. ii ao a^axabtc 叶&〔ng la ou’te la net to scrape those nice cleats. They cost too much to get ruined. nO'C S ha8 寸i" vlon&*f onufe a £fut het Jot a 式 hilc ($n2 aKc i& jMicclkiA ^KicK. 2ccaa I ma农 het a^at2atL Don1 z spend your money on expensive ones. Therefore,匚hey won* t be so neat. In soccer you cannot just assume. kr.z imcM out because if you mess UP you will visit the nuns. 顼<1为代€?“12 OlCanocviii �© §福底优奴如各洛岭。 St(knd诫a &t的衲t珍rg翎彩彖 Mind顷］% 凹N p如畅 St% in a裕砂"扁气龄仙邪 何好赤贤版曲屋 a牙汽唧 Not too £岫 not to Ms Q Spotting .岫切就弘 tke t^at^s 1)%认 to 七&假 U 及妙 in t/vai &切曲yht 务g so^di^ Attc/tioK诚以)松彻切澎 '"-,/—I Stand in a &加妙”。岫 &曲e〃 Dismissal ag.3?初名加户 go好‘颇% R"&汽皿亦律doafK多助.打 M& ?庐。° ar tkeg &% W&"g &伽⑶&祝" 7顷¥〕yi MlcGEg 3况％龙仃"s �Ode to Bacon -二迫■. jmmv food is mostly rsd. It is very delicious. Q-e car. nsve it when they get out cr bed. But it is greasy so be cautious, never ate bacon when I was 3 kid. Not until I was 8, did 1 have my first one. When I tried it was I surprised, And i got out the package and tore off its lid. From that point on, I always craved some. < Is so popular that if there was a shortage, people would cry The best bacon is cooked on the grill, And ir is very easy to make; It is a great snack for when you chill. ! v/ould always choose it over cake. You can find it at any grocery store, And you really get a choice. There is turkey and pork, And there's a lot more. When you open the package it is moist. New it is time to eat and bring out your fork. Mcdl ��HMM! Ra 就 Their Voie^l % favorite part of L'E- wou!J have to be the doming part. It s an experience t。see what its like to be on your oy/n at this age. cuncTh tfie Se^iviTiin^ 寸球温知杏 T decided to join Upward Sound to h.p better mgsclj, 1 know that bettering mg grades and education would be the only w&y to do that, and Upward Sound was my best shot to de that." •"尸^廿泓弓［ivy keq wt^ i4Ht(7cXw^ 所侦 jsir&pare 7neji>r ynyjxtture. a(T(iefun time witH my team andfrien(£s. I also R^ejoking around with tfie TC's because its swagtastic andI Ibve hand Hugging everyone. ” 5匚厂必仔名珥io m勾rwmmAt。… 膈。巳y I'm 伽用巳… Ms。 j rn舛v 刃削" / ~I have ci fwor如？nrt, everythl/vg cibobct tine j/x rarogME ' go ---- --心 ------二—J九 fun niAzd I Love 化!” “My favorite part of the Upward Bound program is absolutely meeting different people sometimes change is hard to accept but it doesnTt mean it can't be good as well.” C,Ijoined to meet new people, andI did IfeelI achieved 6otH academical andsocially this is my familyI'" dscidod tajain the Upward ^>0undprogram because 西洌 it 耕 me increase 唧 枷必加 9 help me do better in school." ! though', it would be a great learning experience, and & Sr2：&t opportunity to new p^opl^ from diff^nt schools." ____________ “Families are like fudge... mostly sweet with a few units。'' �That One Special Place There's a special place that 1 can always visit It's everywhere and nowhere at the same time This extraordinary place, I am just myself in it It'd be easier to explain, if I didn't need to rhyme 淡三■: Qo£em6es^i Trent Qray 町C机电切W5甩 SHaniese 贫c0ts Imagination is where I like to be Whether dreaming or awake, I can just be me It could smell nice as candy so sugary sweet 乍嗔Zu(h 二扫公二 (Daisy Sosa is a sitcom currently sficninng on^BC- 丹二二：二M Or if I feel like it, it could smell like feet aired in 2009, the sfiow This place is quite different from your house or mine e^ter.de^^Pritcfiett-^Deigaih^Dunpfiy family in tfieir daily antics and 二:====云5 壬二 n逸 ei eryfamily special, can 6e imagine^ cHaos reigns ivUenever :zz.壬=is 可;女 ra: eiSTytHing ends up -wording out in tde entfanefa va(iia6(e fife Wesson 弋 _2二=三•二2 czcu jbSbus :ftaraders sued as fieadaftdefamifyjay (PritcHett, Hisgirffrienif §三土 二二f.&u兀 If you wish to see, close your eyes, and you will in time... Imagination is where I like to be Whether dreaming or awake, I can just be me as tHey uor^to bondcloser to each other, jay's 血 tighter C屁re is 二工三 z£m.- f^ziEywztfi three over-caffeinated cHiQfren and Her fiusbandwEo is 二二：:f 比K udtfi everytfiing related'to pop cuiiure (going sofar as to as^wfiat a Look around, you see nothing and everything It's light and ifs dark and everything in between 、3五泠’二三-tn£Ts is Jay's son 如it血但-wdo, along ivitfi dis male partner Cameron, infant Vietnamese girCnamedLily. T^-zr.t^r, qfcomeif, and insanity,兔o&rn Famig is about people from many 只 三=令乙2 上■心窟 of^fi coming togetder and Becoming closer, wfiicfi is a near-peifect ELfrs：茨*.& Vpuar(f(Bourufstandsfor. Jit tde start of the si^wee^summerprogram, You can sing you can dance, you can do anything The sky is the limit when you're here with me Imagination is where I like to be Whether dreaming or awake, I can just be me 歹* 寸习定 of依 entered血(form as strangers. (By the si^td iveef^every person fiere 色尤3 fg 血 6yface UTuf name. Inform -witH the theme of the shou>, -we became a 昌 Ee u 球 e uere, ^foumfsimilarities between affofus formedvery verystrong strong a[[ofus and an<fformed 魄 nappeneifin tfie u^iision version of^octem TamiCy. Whet血r it's 5g 衣g，eoinB 0M ofjourway offering upasliouhfer ir way to * HeCppeop^ 岫 peop0 orjust orjustoffering ;=力f s h吃沏赫翊皿or a smile,血邸血甲岫is afamify tlirough and through. Tnf 6。点formed5otH on television 讷们is Here ~tostfor - eternity, as they(fo in any famif).月n/ 血Z 5 exactly uhat ive are now: a family. " " - In that special place when I'm not feeling fine It's so icy cold, shiver run down its spine I can hear myself laughing or hear myself sobbing I can taste my sweet smile or salty tears throbbing Imagination is where I like to be Whether dreaming or awake, I can just be me �X'sranca \eih； Tony Fenese Composit'cn GC Lloyd Narrative Essay ,90s Cartoons. 101 Personal Rituals: Fusion Dance Team 9 July 2011 At Hanover Area, the halftime show isn't just any ordinary marching band, it is called fusion. In science, fusion is when tiny groups came together to form a bigger group. Singers, percussion, winds, Corrupiion: Where Luzerne County Found its Roots trass, Keyboards, co!or guards and dancers perform together as one giant performance. I am apart of fusion. 1 am a dancer. Fusion is my life. Ever；' ys=r, my school holds an event called "Hanover Idol," This is where people with the talent s：ng；-g perform in front of the whole school are critiqued by the judges. If they have talent, the contestants push their way through every round, until eliminated. To pick the songs for fusion, we used the songs that the students sang in "Idol." My band director, Mr. Chmill, put the entire playlist together After reading and examining the story of Doug Funnie and his corrupt school district, I came io the realization that the school boards, judges, politicians, and various other "leaders” of the surrounding communities of Luzerne County received their knowledge on hov to create a world of corruption and destruction through this simple book meant for young individuals. and he practiced with the band and vocalists. However, it is our responsibility as dancers to learn the entire shew in a short amount of time. It does get stressful and overwhelming at times, but in the end, it Through extensive research conducted over a lengthy three day period. I contacied the author of is definitely worth Jt. the book in question, as well as various book stores and retail outlets that may sell an item full of When the playlist is finished, the color guard and dancsrs listen to the rehearsal of the oand and vocals. Then we have to create the choreography by August. The show has at least six different songs snd is about 12 minutes long. We sweat and bleed everyday just to get it perfect. If my caprain thinks it is sloppy, she makes us redo the whole show until we get it right. Mr. Chmill has us practicing all day long dancing and running around the field so we are comfortable with our new positions on the field. During practice, i always gasp for air and feel like I'm going to pass out. After practice, my muscles always hurt enough xo get me into tears. Even though I cry all the time and complain that I can't do it, I alv/ays get back up and do it again. such fikh as to trace it back to which local leaders may have purchased this book of secrets. What I learned may not only end corruption in our area, but it may reveal the darkesl of secrets embedded in communities throughout the United States and beyond. Il all began with a simple reading assignment from GC Lloyd. At least, I thought it was meant io be simple, bui I should have known better with GC Lloyd. Her assignments are always Before every game my dance mates and I stretch and bond so we become united. Strictly and demandingly, my dance instructor gave us specific poses for one of our dances and in order to succeed meant to be more thought provoking than meets the eye. With this prior knowledge. I knew there at therr, she forced us to keep doing them without stopping. She liked to play a game called 'Tap Out." TsP °ut is when al! the dancers perform the whole show and if you know it and don't mess up, she taps you the shoulder, meaning you're a good dancer. However, if you don't get tapped out my instructor Y° u dancing h2S * ou dating by yourself while everyone else is laughing at you and judging you. I hate it I was usually iasx because she despised me, eventhough I knew the whole entire show I fek likea iab rat getting observed because the mean doctors injected them with poison. Now, after all the hard work and hurtful comments from my instructor, lam one of the first to get tapped out As previously mentioned, it takes a lot of effort and patie. patience to be a dancer, but for me, everyXhing ' went through was worthit. Fusion changed me in a way. I made 篇打篇 lore independent, and I learned not to rely on others. I do complain that I hate dancing and ifs hard, but dancing is who I am. Its v/hat I know. was something more to this project; I just needed to find what that something was! After reading the book, I took a break to watch the local news. As usual, the top stories revolved around this world of corruption in which we live. Then it hit me like an ice cream truck from Hillside Farms; as if I Was a large rapper dancing into the middle of the street. This simple read on Doug Funnie was actually much, much more. �reveaiing that what may seem like ftm at first A：:;s fbimdaticn. lliis seemed to be a stor)' re think moral fiber's about finding that one thing you really care about. That one special thing that aeh as m gening homeuorL earing in class, reading comic books all day) can actually lead to means more to you than anjihing else in the world. And when you find it. you fight for iu You pain and suflering <be:ng Percy's slave in essence). The principal's son was getting away with risk it all, you pui that something in front of even-thing, your life, all of it. And maybe the stuff raurcer. 2nd innocent teachers were losing their jobs. Corruption was running rampant, bin you do io help solve the problem isn't so clean. You know what? It doesn't matter. Because in Sxee-er Doug knew something needed to be done. Although no one wanted to bring about clisnge sz 示u the smdents in the school soon realized all was not right in their world, finally. beg二 ic sLHid up for whai was right which brought the problems in their school to a close. New. it was so obvious. GC Lloyd wanted me to end the corruption in our area! I knew wha: 1 22i :d do. Alter some bribery on my own pan (if you can't beat 4em, join 'em!) I was told bs ih己 ar±or that this was actually a book full of hidden messages on how to create an aunosphere of shame and trouble. I received sale lists from stores throughoui NEPA, and was △:己 io Trace ihe purchases back to many powerful leaders in our area. Soon, however, their cronies 三Hid me. I was making many people mad. and lhey were going to do evenlhing in their po-A er K stop me. I hsd no choice but to leave the countty. I took some of my belongings and all of me msierisls ihzi revealed whai was taking place in Luzerne County. 1 'Aill continue io clean up the mess that is NEPA. but from a safe distance. This is just ihe of some±ing special, something that could change the world as we know it. I am 匕 co二军：-i± many loczl newspapers, radio stations, and television networks. I have found a group of people who I feel as if I can mist, but 1 know not to let my guard down loo much. I will ns stop 51 all is right in our society, even if this leads to my demise. Finally. I will leave us all with a 牛xe: one of the more inspirational and powerful messages the world will ever know: Moral fiber. So. whal is moral fiber? It's funny. I used to think it was always telling rhe truth. doing 驶3 deeds, basically teing a boy scout. But lately I've been seeing it differently. Now I your hean you know, that the juice is worth the squeeze. That's what moral fiber's all about. �ItM Psace of the TreesJ邛 Haley Dudek 1 E mh Ltoujnd' Oro-Jirtojjnd vyjjx epovxc H_\ grre is 戏冲如2 H<a secret 8s QYJpc^d Tit truttn is rouu tncu)n voces Alone in the trees there is nothing but silence The sounds of nature surrounding me It's just pure nature there is no violence In the tree its just me And so there I gm free TYxse Crmns vwj tx)6je(\ VW on 吹 Keep 件 rre 既 g ^rcrc^L di5\jQdvorfcciq^ 聂n tccutAe * cent 也 oa\ 待 W 沮rq sTod \ cot te Wiptec The bugs are like people throughout the day Going through their lives as if I'm not there Flying or crawling around things in their way Whirring or buzzing throughout rhe air In the trees it's just me And so there i am free Ps T \\|t Gcujo ? ^Ouu seciAe Quccves vrq 侦《标s性wuseci 输& con captivate Mb 'oo3q &jt 比con rruec vym 廿e 七 CO(TeOA5 S The silence is a gift As if from God himself In this space my mind can drift Instead of being filled with worries of myself In the trees its just me And so there 1 am free trem 仪］^ccfu) ouf3 Its quite tranquil in the trees And a peaceful place to be T0 con destrg g g 11 g \ There is a calming effect from sounds like the bees And in this sanctuary there is only me 电 i hxu) tmt In lhe trees ifsjust me And so there I am free IMa mve ocjjj 汝 tbG w足 spirit free �Haley Dudeck Composition Ode Ode to the Forest The trees are so peaceful The forest is silent It's all so v/onderfiil There are no fights like a riot The forest is teeming with life The little animals scurry about The insects are flying among the trees There is no worry or strife There is no pain or doubt It's all so quiet except fbr my sneeze The forest is beautiful /心am/' No matter the time of year To be able to see this gift I am grateful And I hope to always get to see it no matter my career There are flowers growing from the ground They are made of many a color They all grew quietly They sprout up through the leaves with a bound I wouldn't even pick them for my mother Instead I watch them grow beautifully �Howling moon" ja包e ^(oiwosic Composition I took a sirixle through dusk all my lonesome The dusty seem of roses and wood smoke filled tlie Ode to Sfeey air Mist canie into view, chills wisped my spine Creating fear by traveling a path up and down Placing its wicked game by repeating it over and over But it \vasiit. die cold wind tliat was frightening me Tdere is no greateryCeasure Q&rfha. 如2汕斌 ^den lying cCo-wn in 6ecC TFien diving into tde treasure mat (ives inside your deacC Sleey is yvfiere anyone can dicCe Jrom tde troubks eftfie figdt The sacred niglit held a color so alien to its normality A mix of dark and light lavender shades so surreal AricCrest iip for tde coming of tlie day. J4血，ays waiting, an ever-rising tide, Astonishment filled my expression <15 I studied it S/eep comes in tHe darkness of tfie nig fit I couldn't believe what my eyes were showing me To take, you to your dreams, f(ying far away. It may seem like a plain, old sight with one glance But I found that the longer I watched, it changed Not.in^feels Better than fading asCeejj. Formed into sometliing so unique to the naked eye (E-veiyone Coves to sit back and relax. It was so hauntingly beautiful and somewhat sinful just a g(ass ofyvay-m mi(k or counting sdeejj dreamsfillyour mincC as you Re on your 6ack. Oh how I longed to discover just what it was hiding Keeping secrets from being heard by die wrong ears As I write on, my eyes gr(nv heavy mxj head is starting to fa(C The sky I saw showed something else besides mockeiy I tfitnk of tliey(dees my dreams wi/Ttake me. It had shame dial many otliers carry on their shoulders Under tde covers Imfinady ready, I felt little pity, realizing it wasn't so dilTerent as I th ought I grinned and turned away, leaving it to wallow alone Drowning in its own sad misery as we all have in our pasts ^icC as Ifad asteey, after a([, j reaRze I'm rigfit yvfiere I ^vanteef to 0e. �Nikki Zula Composition Ds^t/Btfvs €$say Dark and eerie castle stands normal by day but 町蜜贮盐 cu the wu eerie feelinge even with the sunlight. The nighr. But in the day you still get si^it of Kirby Hall alone scaresyou. ) "But once inside the smell traps you. The \vild, sounds make vour imagination run v —,letting ------ o，you know that you're not alone. Everything combines and welcomes you inside. ■■ — With eeriness and fear, the castle becomes alive. Once^the2 sun gleams on inside and out. The chimneys on the the vindows, you can see that they aredirty ( casde look old. as if they were there for centuries during the middle ages. The enrrance c does ---------notJ look ， imating, although those windows ' are clean 匚［ and 与丑the 」一 … seems … n,---------entrance ne\ er looks exciting. The gate which like its 、 leading you1 to a mirrors look dungeon which is going to rrap you in. in Kirby Hall at day light the mirr dirty and it seems like your own reflection might scare you. When vou touch the walls they feel soft, but don*t let that alone fool you. A son: and vann carpet is a floor that brings you comfort and makes you feel at home. It makes you feel safe at first and then you realize how old it can be. Your hands come to a condusion that the house is very old and the possibilities are endless of ir being haunted. One reason that Kirby Hall is haunted is that there are ghosrly sightings that are being told and showed from others. Qde to Monkey When I leave the room Monkey comes to life Like Mickey and his broom He needs a wife He will clean up his jungle house There are bananas everywhere Always stumbling on the banana peals His best friend is a mouse But his mouse friend gets in his hair And that is how he feels Today is his birthday He is eight The castle smells old. The chairs alone smell old and dirty. The rooms you enter smell like chalk. What makes the rooms freakier is the smell of feet, as if a lot of them have passed through the years. Most horrible smells are known for the houses being dirty inside and out as well as no one being there throughout the years. The sounds are far worse because you hear the steps creak as if someone is going up and down on them but no one is ever there. You hear the doors shut as if wanting to lock you up. When the lights go on and off the clicks of the switches traumatize you. Every little step sounds like someone's behind you. The chairs squeak and make you feel like someone's sitting next to you. And the whispers are the ones that frighten you the most. 、 As you can see, Kirby Hall seems normal at first but is far worse ：人 或、： worse. ； The sights are V t 1■呼翌:史匕兰里空？殍赤 place itself. The touch is hard and7oft but it's一厂匚 just a二: welcoming The三二* sounds are乎those Io理 gone. But 二"disguise. “匚二 f most importantly Kirby Hall is really haunted after all、No matter what your .(■ , L .. niattci wliau you yuu think ' senses are right, but if you don t believe come and take a look inside. He loves to mess around and play He is soft and fuzzy Really fun to cuddle with And warm He is always there for me I wonder what if... He does not like corn �Daj'sy Nikki Zula Composition Dectriptivc 8$$ay Dark and eerie castle stands normal by day but ev戏1?巴旦巴；；：岔s by geven with the sunlight. The night. But in the day you still get the eerie feeling - once --cc inside sight of Kirby Hall alone scares you. 2 But insi( the smell traps you. The d wild, letting you know that you're not alone. sounds make your imaginarion run Everything combines and welcomes you inside. s on With eeriness and fear, the castle becomes alive. Once^the the windows, you can see that they are dirty inside and out. The chimneys on the castle look old, as if they were there for centuries during the middle ages,. The and1 the entrance does not look inviting, although those windows are clean r exciting. Theogate which seems like its leading you to a enrrance never 1looks ---------------o------ going dungeon which is to trap you■ in. .in Kirby Hall at day light the mirrors look dirty and it seems like your own reflection might scare you. When you touch the walls they feel soft, but don't let that alone fool you. A soft and warm carpet is a floor that brings you comfort and makes you feel at home. It makes you feel safe at first and then you realize how old it can be. Your hands come to a conclusion that the house is very old and the possibilities are endless of it being haunted. One reason that Kirby Hall is haunted is that there are ghostly sighrings that are being told and showed from others. Ode t。Monkev When I leave the room Monkey comes to life Like Mickey and his broom He needs a wife He will clean up his jungle house There are bananas everywhere Always stumbling on the banana peals His best friend is a mouse But his mouse friend gets in his hair And that is how he feels Today is his birthday He is eight The castle smells old. The chairs alone smell old and dirty. The rooms you enter smell like chalk. What makes the rooms freakier is the smell of feet, as if a lot of them have passed through the years. Most horrible smells are known for the houses being dirty inside and out as well as no one being there throughout the years. The sounds are far worse because you hear the steps creak as if someone is going up and down on them but no one is ever there. You hear the doors shut as if wanting to lock you up. When the lights go on and off the clicks of the switches traumatize you. Every little step sounds like someone's behind you. The chairs squeak and make you feel like someone's sitting next to you. And the whispers are , * the ones that frighten you the most. Asj .you can see, Kirby Hall seems normal at first but is far worse. The sights are terrifying. The smells are项三辫空 ( ,一一 Pla,ce itself. The touch is hard and soft but it's just a welcoming disguise. sounds . The 7~ '-s are of those long gone. But most .c , ,, , .. ------- niattcr what you '' ' senses are right, but ,f you don t believe come and take a look inside. ' He loves to mess around and play He is soft and fuzzy Really fun to cuddle with And warm He is always there for me I wonder what if... He does not like com �Mi Gmigafiem: CM 1GWi Gg： E =; Ciera es mi amigaj奇血垣 £匾 es un problemsL Ciera es m丐 loca. Eik 以e vi^bo care what you say, 1：^ .<eird. _z dcesn71 matter either way. when I can help； 22% ~erz 5% a^ir.e is my thing, loc% psra la amo.舛迅ser un cWw虹啤沙血击住疏料邙沔如 Mivixia sena abwTtcfe sin Ciera. es tmvonenie. es come mi hermana. Nosotros vanios a ser mejores aiTiigas pars, sismpre. like to drawt dance and sing, 启旋Frie棚 二三妄二:^sic = . z 二 play bass guitar, 13% dLSTr=c~edz itf s hard to get far, I Bss^iaanofl All 二土9 -hings I do and say, gSMOVfflSST zn* z have ir any other way, D辱曲的w T~ese are the things that make me, me! Si§T^) _ n晶 ：orever!!!! iTIKWat【牧阮________ £3徐・"化 • r"re wltli 驴“ the”实 evergtVitvtg you ,任如比2 We砒her 比 was ^oad or bad.・ j D〉.t wilL always be th> ,\st% c比we to gour M tiyt Mv Roormnafe: Ciera Kristen Gense] Cist's, is my bestfri^ruL She is a hassle. Ciera is v^y crazy. Ske drives me insane but 1 love her. Ske can be a pain at times but she is amazing. WifJicuf: her. my xyould be boring. She is like my sister. We are gomg to be bestfneruh Jorever. �R2chel Rakcv- sk; Cornp3s::io~ Descrip O^CarancTa 笊*& wp Kirby Hall Have yo_ 尊七 been in a haunted house? Many people feel the 4*haunted house vibe of 三M 三土“M匕 ±3/ are exceptions, but almost everyone enjoys 杷lling ghost stories about Tre。二M土 of Kirby has a dark, gothic feel to ii. People who look closely at the house -f 土己 hish chimne','s and arched windows. The outside of the building looks cheerful in the i==还 mi: creepv when vou go inside. The cheery flowers on the outside don't do much to Help you are inside. vrinj sm^tRfy. ^rflecticTis in i/ie vrater 苞Row a (Rfferent wcrfiF. The inside of ths. building looks just as old as you would think ii is. There is old, glossy nsnelisg on ihe walls, and it is carved into beautiful, intricate patterns. With focus and 上二一二一 ose can see the shimmery cobwebs in the comers of the high arched ceiling. Even in 圣二_ 二二:is nm-. ^s=d for classes, there is an old, musty feel in the air. Wplkirg 二p and down the stairs, you can hear the groaning, creaking noises of the house. Ih many of ±= classrooms, there are old armchairs that sink with the weight of a person. In the idozj where ±e communications classes make their speeches, there are also ponraiis of the fonner residsms of the hzli, keeping a waichful eye on the classroom. Ffmll〉you descend into the iruly “creepy" pan of this house. The basement is dark, c^nip- hC niusiy. The floor is dirt, and it is easy to trip here. Students who are scared by things ：lkg ghoss shouJd in io avoid this place. The remains of a wine cellar are here, as well as other rsxairs. !• is nc-i s ons should explore alone. The Kira;.心 may or may not be haunted, but ii certainly has a presence about ii. Either v- ay. ifs fon to believe, isn't it? 0/4 can t see t/w worfcT c^ut $Set it s ajoccT^ne. -want to 5e t/iere. �- _ 1?u 叮pww成JB彻皿dl (/a $呼 Upcuaxd Siaund. 匆td? 1/a ubpufwtd ^imd. a la unuf^^idad. n^u? dSejeaj td pa纽 u^wt? J'sn & tnuy. imponiante que td f^ed&ad ana educacuifi. WM ymt came 如？ £ita teuaa ayuda^ ea utia ^ituaddfi det 如既以l Jt h 国哆 impantcmt that 卯3 g cm education. Jia llaue de La^iada 必 e^cuela. S独 inM fudp 豹时 in cm^ je& diiuatimi. 05 tie. duuique a 御 ueces no- es mu^ 例％ca. 57阮kej^ la "虹次 h 0血诚. A a te aagu6 en tedo^ Cagwted. ta cMe^ owns如宓 it dae^^t deem 如哄 皿E Vente (iace^ Upuwal Sicund. S)皿"凝 uumd^iifi^ ancund. e’gn 阮 Upuwid Siaund. J}g炊R"邳' ��Jake HonQQsic \*rs. S'5U~ Pn r/ie J4r7nr Kis arms make me feeCdke everytfiinff's oda\) Spanish Nothing ^'iClevergo -wrong 7 July 2011 His smite reminds me everyday m x a七m。 The New Doy cDonde esta e; bafio? Where is the bathroom? tDonde =sta la biblioteca? Where is the library? No me gusts Is comida. I don't like the food. jVsmos a La Tolteca! Lets go to LaTolteca! That our roacCof (ave is forever Cong "There's no otherytace I want ro 6e Just you and'me Time ceases to Begin or end iV/ien I am in dis grasp heart is only for his to mend :His touch idenough to ma^e me gasy Los dias son largos. The days are long. Las cam=s estsn piedras. The beds are rocks. Pero, todsvia nosotros todos cantamos But still we all sing iCcn Enrique Igiesias! With Enrique Iglesias! Amigos sstan sn todos lugares. Friends are everywhere. ~Wfiere our (bve bums (ike a fiery ember Nosotros iratamos nuestros mejores. We all try to do our best. Tnere's no otherjjiace J -want to Be Nec£5!^mos mas tiempo a We need more time There s no otherjj(ace 1 -want to 6e Just you and me Speecfitess, ^reatfifess, I await yaur caff Tatiencefor siCent words only to 6e tofdoiice to remember Turn ific trees and leave to fcd( Parese y oler las fl ores. To stop and smell the flowers. Just you and me Arms open (ide a furnace's embrace to a ftatne IVe smile atong wit/i tfie moon JU last the beast inside your Heart is tame Ay -we sing along to tfie romantic turi£ There's no aiderj>Cace I want to 6e Just you and me �Ricketts 1 Ricketts 2 Individual. When this word comes to mind it says to me that I am Shaniese Rickerts more than just a person, I am who 1 am because of my life, my Mrs. Komorek experiences, my family. my friends, and my trials. I am not going to tell C ommunications you my life story, I will tell you how I became the Shaniese Ricketts everyone knows and loves. Well I hope everyone loves. As a child I was 5 July 2011 I Am... shy not too shy that I didn't have any friends but shy enough to know when someone comes up to me that I didn't know to hang my head down Who you are is not based on words or looks, or what others may thinlc of you. Who you are is based on you individually. People may know me as Shaniese Ricketts, or Shanay-nay or occasionally Ghetto Princess but these nicknames don't describe me as an individual they are low and speak very softly and slowly. Well I eventually grew out of it, it was a little something called elementary school that really shaped me as an individual. It was sixth grade and I was quiet and always minded my own business then for no apparent reason at all this boy whose name only a small part of my life. These nicknames onfy describe the way shall remain nameless called me a not so nice word and he would just others view me but the real question is how do I view myself? I am a continue to call me this ruthless name and my only response would be, three dimensional person which means what you see is not what you get. n° response. Until one day I was tired of it and I spent too much time 1 would like to say that everyone is a three dimensional person bunhe iliinking about it and asking why? Many of us can relate to this truth is that's not always the case. commonly asked question. Why did someone say that? Why did he do �Ricketts 3 Rickerts 4 that? We have all had our fair share of asking this powerful question best I can in school I really don't know what I would be doing right now. why? So I decided to put my foot down and I gave this boy a piece of She was also the one who suggested to me that I tried the speech and my mind without using any foul language whatsoever. It was the way in debate team. I guess the rest is history. No not really but my mom is my which I said what I said that really made a powerful impact because after role model and I truly look up to her. I am loved. that he never called me that again. Now I have enough confidence in standing up fbr myself and what I believe is right. I no longer hang my head down low. I no longer let things go when I know I should speak up. From that moment on I think many of my peers gained respect for me but most of all I gained respect fbr myself and well, thafs what is very important. I am strong. Family. What do you think of when you think ofyour family? You might think ofyour mom, dad, sister, brother, aunt, uncle, or even a friend. My family plays an important role in how I act and deal with certain situations. My mother is the ultimate definition of considerate. As a 哄 mother oftwo, times can be tough but she always finds a way to make 耻 be# of everything. If it wasn't for her pushing me to do the Beautiful. When you hear the word beautiful you might think of a supermodel or a popular actress but how many of you think of yourself? When I think of beauty I think of what's on the inside rather than outside because ifyoui, truly a beautiful person, the inside will shine out. I am beautiful, and you are too. ��* w 云 太 彖京 * * Glenn Gambini defined the word honorable. He worked in Wilkes' Henry Food Court for many faithful years. Whenever anyone saw him, he would always be smiling and joyful. Every in 3 delighted mood. He loved everyone he met while serving them. He would attend students7 always relaxed and comfortable around him. It really was a symbiotic relationship between him and the students; no one ever complained about him or vice-versa, but they both helped each other. Glenn Gambini was born in 1948 with oxygen deprivation, so unfortunately he was born with damage to the base of his brain; he had to grow up with epilepsy and seizures, which he later outgrew. This environment shaped and molded him into the person we knew and loved; because of these early childhood problems, he grew up to be grateful and kind to others. took time to chit-chat with various students, and he tried to help whenever he could * * * 淑 Glenn Gambini was ani excellent representation of the type of person an Upward Bound student seeks to become. He rrepresents everything about Upward Bound: he worked hard, 淑太 football and basketball games to give his upmost support. In addition, all the students were * xl * * H W . 3 R day he would greet teachers, students, and Upward Bound members, and they would leave him 夫表， 奁表点女表 £ ★ ☆ 点 * * & * % * * * * * * * * . 5 W J �Name: Cnstal Seashock Number: (570)-793-0108 E-mail: lilbufi27@aol.com Name: Amanda Jimcosky Phone Number: (570)-854-2550 E-mail; amanda.jimcosky@yahoo.com Name: Daisy Sosa Phone Number: (570)-235-7404 E-mail: Name: Kimberly Ashton-Ungarsky Phone Number: E-mail: oneteenheart^aol.com Name: Brennah Harmian Phone Number: (570)-578-1675 E-mail: Name: Trent Gray Phone Number: (570)- 902-9009 E-mail: breakingbenI02@aol.com Name: Tiana Kilboum Phone:(570)-472-4955 E-mail: daddyzbrall3@epix.net Name: Shaniese Ricketts Phone Number: E-mail: Name: Alyssa Conner Phone Number: (570)-709-6546 E-mail: linnokinkid@aim.com Name: Kevin Fahey Phone Number: (570)-235-0181 E-mail: Name: Aaliyah Massey Phone Number; (570)-817-0465 E-mail:SCKREAMxGigglez@aol.com Name: Jess Keihl Phone Number: (570)-328-2792 E-mail: Keihl@aol.com Name: Gabriella Conover Phone Number: (570)-991-8780 E-mail: gabriellaconover@yahoo.com Name: Edoukou Aka-Ezoua Phone Number: (570)-328-0735 E-mail: ejennefer@yahoo.com Name: Ausiin Gray Phone Number (570)-902-9688 E-mail: zepplin453@aol.com Name: Kayla Luminella Phone Number: E-mail: Name: Adrian Brito Phone Number: (570)-793-0960 E-mail: lionman? alive.com Name: Amy Cherinko Phone Number: (570)-814-2264 E-mail: Nune: Alysha Ennis Phone Number: E-miU: alyshaennis a yahoo.com Name: Hayley Macuga Phone Number: (570)-406-4805 E-mail: Name: Rachel Rakowski Phone Number: E-mail: rayrayraccoon@yahoo.com Name: Stevie Potoski Phone Number: E-mail: Frozenfizz566@yahoo.com Name: Maranda Keihl Phone Number: (570)-328-2792 E-mail: Name: Jake Honoosic Phone Number: (570)-793-7651 E-mail: JakeHonoosic2494@gmail.com Name: Gabby Williams Phone Number: (570)-991-7649 E-mail: Name: Haley Dudeck Phone Number: (570)-899-3329 E-mail: bookaholic45@aol.com Name: Kailynn Granoski Phone Number: (570)-606-7092 E-mail: lipglossqueen08@aol.com Name: Katie McGuire Phone Number: (570)-299-4145 E-mail: purplerain795@aim.com �Name: Jacqueline Marroquin Phone Number: E-mail: jackie_marroquin^rocketmail.com Name: Steve Miller Phone Number: (570)-301-3610 E-mail: stevenr@ptd.net Name: Ciera Gensel Phone Number: (570)-991-7888 E-mail: xcierax94@aim.com Name: Matthew Yatison Phone Number: (570)-328-3935 E-mail: M.Yatison@gmail.com Name: Edward (E.J.) Flippen Phone Number: (570)-855-8082 E-mail: Flippen.Edward@yahoo.com Name: Natasha Bogutzki Phone Number: E-mail: bogutzki.n@hotmail.com Name: Tabitha Golembeski Phone Number: (570)-855-4432 E-mail: queen_of_hellfire@hotmail.com Name: Christopher Myott Phone Number: (570)-714-2008 E-mail: CRM828453@gmaiI.com Name: Nikki Zula Phone Number (570)-991-1651 E-mail: 13zulan@yahoo.com Name: Nathalia Avila Phone Number: (201)-875-7770 E-mail: Gnatnatnat@gmail.com Name: Rebekkah Parsons Phone Number: (570)-855-8970 E-mail: cheerstarbekka94@aol.com Name: William Richardson Phone Number: E-mail: swsuperior@yahoo.com Name: Dave Keller Phone Number: (570)-380-3012 E-mail: davekeller25@yahoo.com Name: Amanda Judge Phone Number: E-mail: im&ginaryme95@aoLcom Name: Raizy Sosa Phone Number: (570)-706-5938 E-mail: Name: Becky Bolton Phone Number: (570)-417-8659 E-mail: Rebecca321 O@verizon.net Name: Tifiany Castro Phone Number: (570)-249-5847 E-mail: Tiffanyashley 12^msn.com Name: Marissa Keihl Phone Number: (570)-328-2792 E-mail: keihl@yahoo.com ��� Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Upward Bound Lit Journals, 1981-2016 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Provost's Office Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1981-2016 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource PDF Type The nature or genre of the resource Journal Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Upward Bound Lit Journals 2011 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Provost's Office Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2011 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource PDF Type The nature or genre of the resource Journal https://omeka.wilkes.edu/omeka/files/original/74fce8e24c64862eb80d521fdb521d60.pdf 945cd34ff4af46affa42668e65849527 PDF Text Text �"Reach for the sky!n This is one of Woody's well-known recorded sayings when the string on his back is pulled. Woody's statement means to put your hands up, which was a popular adage in the early western days. This is an awesome theme for our 2013 Upward Bound summer because it has another deeper implication. It means to set one's sights high. This truly exemplifies our hopes for each and every one of our students. To quote Michelangelo, uThe greater danger for most of us lies not in setting our aim too high and falling short, but in setting our aim too low and hitting the mark." When you set your sights high, you sometimes have to stretch yourself and come out of your comfort zone. Every Thursday, during our general meeting, I would show you short video clips that I intended to use as motivation, education, or inspiration. One of my favorite clips was "'Always Wear Sunscreen." As you know, an anonymous, older man dispensed powerful life advice. One of the many pieces of valuable advice that he gave was: uDo something every day that scares you." By this he meant to push yourself out of your comfort zone because, as all of you have found out, that is where your true personal growth happens. I have witnessed all of you doing many activities that scared you at first. You left your families and friends to make new friends. You lived in a college dorm for six weeks. You have enriched yourselves academically. You have accomplished many personal achievements such as: singing karaoke in front of all of your peers, having dance-offs, performing skits, and sharing your special talents with us. I have also observed true friendships that have developed through classes, study labs, scavenger hunts, Crazy Olympics, Coffee House, and those awesome Wilkes lunches! I was so touched to behold your loyalty to each other; I know you have made friendships that will last a lifetime, much like Buzz Lightyear, Woody, Mr. Potato Head, Slinky, and Jessie have done in Toy Story 2. Maya Angelou stated, "People may forget what you said and what you did, but they will never forget how you made them feel.” Know that you made all of your fellow Upward Bounders feel great with your support and friendship. Thank you for letting me be a part of your summer, and always remember to, "Reach for the sky!" All of my best, Mrs. Dawn Harding, Director �faculty: A 31s. Jfiamarus Mn J/ramisin Deaiir LPwaraO IB(d叮叽曲 §toffff9 Tliank you to: v( 7 3fry.火omorzE ^fr. Slaum The normal sign of appreciation is a simple thank you, but you, the UB Staff, taught us this summer to reach for the sky. There are countless stars in the sky which signify the great amount of thanks we owe you. Six weeks is a lot of time to commit to during summer 2>r. JCa?nore€ vacation and all of you did it for us. Because of the UB Staff, we Mrs. Slaum students will have a huge advantage to success in life. We learn from 3fr. Stoker you the skills necessary to graduating high school, getting through Mr. Tvans 0 0 college and starting a career. Although we haven't spent a lifetime with you, everything that you have done is greatly appreciated, as if we were 3trs. EaranosRi family or friends doing favors for one another. We thank you for 3tr. ^itzgera^f keeping this wonderful program alive. We thank you for being here for us on this 46th year of Upward Bound. Lastly, we thank you for sharing 3{r. O'JCeefe with us your time and knowledge that is geared toward our having a Mrs. ^Vi^nes^i successful future. Ms. £u£s/ia Ms. Mirris ^ResidentiaCstaff: RD Sandy Sistrunk Permanent Staff: J4RD Jennifer TarCexj Mrs. ^Harding- "Director 7/C ZMcA Dawson Mrs. JCiipstas- Academic Coordinator 7/C Bianca Sabia Ms. L(o\jd^ Quidcunce Coordinator T/C Alyssa (DanieC Mrs. Ostrum- Office y^ssistant T/C JAntfiony \^7(^Jon XacQes^i KacQeski Wow D_©ve 如血⑪ AaII[nrDO[raittn(Dffi]9 QJDDwaiird] USoouiraal] §anmm(B[r €ff 2©U3 Stadentg Lott Maa Staffff ‘3#旱 ☆七☆ 人高 e ☆ ☆ ☆ 人离| ☆ ☆耳 iMi ☆ ☆ 早☆ ☆ ☆人高 。☆育 ☆ ☆☆ 尊 ☆ ☆5^ �Jennifer Earley Philosophy of Education lives with-just the right According to Joyce A. Meyers, "Teachers c<m change c一一。-.一 - mix of chalk and 3g, that u>au IL had uau contact with oith during my education had a profound impact on my challenges.'* Most of ihe teachers life, each in their own ways. One in particular porutuiiu had hud the most iiiGSt influential impact on my choice to ecome a . leacner. high leacher. Ag Mi^ i^ampp. Rampp. or as we would leam to call her, Madame. The first day of my freshman year of otpigh Withinjust ^hool I walked inio Mrs. Rampp's French class petrified and scared of what lay ahead. Within just a tew weeks. 、、=“ I kiJ had learned ihe basics of French 山据 and was not afraid to speak up in class! class ! Madame pushed us out ot our comton comfon zones and always told us it was okay to make mistakes. No matter the circumstances she went the extra mile 10 help srudents in noi only acadenucs but with those awkward "I'm trying to find out who I am moments. Many afternoons were spent \viih my friends and I staying after school to help Madame grade p叩ers, decorate the room. Ek aboui France of course, \ and she always managed to toss in a life lesson or offer advice. For the nexi three years. I continued to advance my lessons in French and leam many things from Madame. Upon graduating and reflecting back on my experiences in her class, I realized that I wanted to help oihsrs in all ihs u-ays thai she had helped me, I owe so much of who I am to the way she made us challenge education me- to apply omseh'es ihrough all her lessons. I even owe my L_y college _ 二一 to *her: she ' encouraged 一’… ' to My.〜goal in becoming a teacher is to help Upward Bound knowing how much I would benefit from the program. mv snidms vho niev are and succeed academically in the way that Madame did fbr me and so many oihers. Snzilar 10 m>- peisonal goal of teaching, the goal of education is to produce literate, functional, respecdhL and moiivHied duzens. Teachers should, to the best of their ability, educate their students on the e—t矣认 of all subjecis. In my classroom, I plan to achieve this by offering opportunities fbr hands on and eq rience orientaied learning. I feel that for a student to leam he/she must be actively engaged in the process, no- frsr Hsiening 10 a leciure or reading from a book. Through activities in the classroom, students will be chsZZenged e-ciih to propel them out of their comfort zones, resulting in self-discover. To let them know that am of ihdr shell is alright, constant encouragement will be provided. For example, a student who is shy -22.V sniggle 衍ih spiking in front of the class or acting out a role in a play. The student would be reminded ♦F hi she czn succeed by believing in themselves and putting forth an effort. Even though gaining a true sense ofidemiry is usually associated with the secondary level of education, gaining a strong foundation fbr it in my elenzsnisn' classroom #111 be beneficial fbr all students. In addition to academics, I will promote self色Ksreiiess asd understanding. It is very important that from an early age a student is not only comfortable in &eir ov.il 由n bui confides! as well To be successful in life a person has to know who he/she is and what niakss him her happy, this should be a result of great teachers and a proper education. ITkl每四假WQ『回圆◎凹皿团$回©而膝卜 ©◎龄P『豳卸此S。。。 N『回血$临曲睑bd$ ©jlb)©(u]fi fe(h)@ PirQgmm 论叨瞬而⑨建IL魄岔脸『时。血见燃蜀Ife% J凹[]祯血％ fcfesnram)©!^ ©©mOirDD^]M^ #就&网。〃 C◎现切n〃匾服"酎祯回丽， $仲5海(§驾 G◎凹『隹血售以,Tqi^D©!?密。◎血建 RacheL ^[hiaErofes &。 @©Mrt@sy of 施醪笞。 副捣BI11TO碘 In order to achieve these results mentioned above and instill confidence in my students I will offer much praise snd a sysiem of rev.ards 2nd punishment. Regarding praise, my students will not only receive verbal praise, but langible Things like certificates of accomplishment. I will reward good behavior with incentives and rrer：L but discourage poor behavior by taking away privileges, and verbally correct when necessary. After expeneneirg my classroom, siudenE will understand who they are not only personally but academically, master reisdve content, and 用II have had the opportunity to gain enough confidence to tackle the world! ' CUBIOSO (A) �UB es fantastico porque: A mi, me gusta el programa porque las personas son simpaticas y entendiendo.Brianna Nutaitis Me gusta la comida en Upward Bound. - Lizzy Cherkaukas Upward Bound hace amigos y mejora confianza. -Sydnee Curran Yo tengo muchos nuevos amigos en Upward Bound. - Lizzy Cherkaukas Upward Bound ayuda prepararnos para la universidad. -Sydnee Curran El programa de Upward Bound es muy fantastico porque las personas son simpaticas y comicas. - Jordan McKeaige iUpward Bound es fantastico porque es muy divertido! - Courtney Carey Me gusta el programa de Upward Bound porque es perfecto. - Jordan McKeaige Me gusta mis amigos aquf y la comida. -Courtney Carey UB es excelente porque te prepare para el futuro. - Jessika Finsterbusch UB es extraordinario porque puedes tener nuevas experiencias. - Jessika Finsterbusch Elios son la femilia que yo nunca pensaba que tendna. - Juliana Bottaro Todo el mundo es asombroso a su manera. - Juliana Bottaro Me gusta Upward Bound porque puedo vivir con mis amigos. -Katarina Gereda Tambien, es una buena oportunidad para nuestros fiituros. - Katarina Gereda Me encanta Upward Bound porque me ayuda con escuela. -Dominique Ardoline Me encanta Upward Bound porque conocf a muchas personas diferentes.Dominique Ardoline La clase de "Lit Mag" es muy interesante. - Kati Mendoza Me encanta Upward Bound y la comida. - Kati Mendoza Upward Bound es muy dificil pero divertido. -Caylyn Hall La comida en Upward Bound es muy delicioso. -Caylyn Hall Me encanta Upv/ard Bound porque los estudiantes son muy simpaticos y muy divertidos. - Leila Christofferson iMe encanta Upv/ard Bound porque los T/Cs son PERFECTOS! ~ Leila Christofferson El programa de Upv/ard Bound es muy divertido pero tambien beneficios。para tu futuro. - Brianna Nutaitis UB es fantastico porque es muy interesante y divertido. - Taylor Zawierucha Me encantan los amigos de otras escuelas. - Taylor Zawierucha Upward Bound es bueno porque hice a muchos amigos. - Rachel Casteel Upward Bound es bueno porque aprendi mucho tambien. - Rachel Casteel �Upward Bound is fantastic because: I like the program because the people are nice and understanding. - Brianna Nutaitis I like the food at Upward Bound. - Lizzy Cherkaukas Upward Bound makes friends and improves confidence. - Sydnee Curran I have many new friends at Upward Bound. - Lizzy Cherkaukas Upward Bound helps us to prepare for college. - Sydnee Curran The Upward Bound program is very fantastic because the people are nice and funny. Upward Bound is fantastic because it is very fun! - Courtney Carey -Jordan McKeaige I like the Upward Bound program because it is perfect - Jordan McKeaige UB is excellente because it prepares you for the future. - Jessika Finsterbusch I like my friends here and the food. - Courtney Carey UB is fantastic because it is very interesting and fun. - Taylor Zawierucha I love the friends from other schools. - Taylor Zawierucha UB is extraordinary because you are able to have new experiences. -Jessika Finsterbusch Upward Bound is good because I made many friends. - Rachel Casteel They are the family that I never thought I would have. - Juliana Bottaro Upward Bound is good because I also learned a lot - Rachel Casteel Everyone is Amazing in his or her own way. - Juliana Bottaro I like Upward Bound because I can live with my friends. - Katarina Gereda Also, it is a good opportunity for our futures. - Katarina Gereda I love Upward Bound because it helps me with school. - Dominique Ardoline Hove Upward Bound because I met a lot of different people. 一 Dominique Ardoline The "lit mag" class is very interesting. - Kati Mendoza I love Upward Bound and the food. - Kati Mendoza Upward Bound is very difficult but fun. - Caylyn Hall The food at Upward Bound is delicious. - Caylyn Hall Hove Upward Bound because the students are very nice and veiy fun! -Leila Christofferson I love Upv/ard Bound because the T/Cs are PERFECT! ■ Leila Christofferson The Upward Bound program is very fun but beneficial for your future. -Brianna Nutaitis ����一欢 太水 《 逶 衣夕 100% Brooke 25% happy, outgoing and a little, shy 10%day-dreamer, always having my head in the sky 20% organized, neat and clean 10% kind of mean.. 20%loving and wanting to help 15% odd, knowing I'm the one who needs the help That is 100 % of Brooke, although there is more s But for me to tell you it all, 1*11 really have to reach into my core By: Brooke Blankenship J 冬冷 # F L r 3 * �W M 4M 廊V 圈曾§ 52. 血 We Ddv© On{Fe DdQ^e 肱 ^©esmi9^ ma^er J0 S© 盼e ®j© ©m Odl^e dtJ9s 血◎《Ihdires) Wq Odve就。旗e 0曹s《。『皿w皿团qg)g《e『e国 囹回@ §血◎00。囹血9@ 疏 s^nDD meami s©m©ii!hid[mg? Somrae ^Q©[pne sav 疏 $血^叫。1 meairo a D©t£ Bants ©UCDGtrs sav D reaOOv d©ira9iJ care Somrae [pe©[pD© sav Jans仓 leave me <i© / EMC 创h)©so sj『e 仓he Olives ^Ihiatf： are ^are D w。四岫 sav Dnve UdGe 4。Ohio GonD盹我 冒。nmi©s^ @血£)@ ds a SGan°v @血◎凹©Db《 1?© Cuave 仓血制5 gjG°®atS Gee。岫囹 ©<? <?(m00[n)ess 口曹s joastS s©mme^lh)^s《血@am)9^ 圈e 的◎叫佃血《 S© Ddve 00^9 Ddve 疏 ^Dunne vooa oairo Ddlre nsm9^ ©ven-昭$刨血日 ^Oueire ds a 团ea48i)even9曾■司v ©(? mam 』凹国化 as《Se davs Meep ◎皿 ipassdmg ���By Anna Sulitka Warm and steady with an aura of comfort Always so safe, no reason to be alert. As warm as my favorite blanket You are the sun's rays on a cold winter day Or the cold raindrops on a hot summer7s eve. You are the essence of relaxation Similar to that of the trusty blanket. One of your consistencies is your beautiful tempo Literally you provide music to my ears every morning And block out the unwanted noises Allowing me to think, and have new ideas Like an artist's first time at a Da Vinci expo. Warm and steady with an aura of comfort Always so safe, no reason to be alert. Warm and steady with an aura of comfort Always so safe, no reason to be alert. My Shower This isn't the movie 'Psycho' I've no reason to fear strange killers with knives or bananas Your curtain keeps me protected from all warm Even the worst harm of all: the icey-cold air that waits for its next victim You stand the greatest chance, for it took out our only ally: Cocoa. Warm and steady with an aura of comfort Always so safe, no reason to be alert. To your scented skills no other compares You lack consistency, but there is nothing to fear For you have the most amazing scents none the less Of apples, flowers, tangerine's, and anything my heart desires. I can always count on you to fix my worries and wears 9 ���Brooks 1 Amanda Brooks Mrs. Komorek Brooks 2 interpret things from reality and make it a part of our dreams. Of course, not every dream that you have is going to be a good one. So what are these bad dreams called? Nightmares. Nightmares are frightening Communications Pd. 4 dreams that may indicate that the dreamer is worried or stress about Informative Speech something. People may also experience night terrors. Night terrors are a 25 July 2013 more extreme version of a nightmare. Night terrors are "usually bad Today I will be informing you about why we dream and how dreams work. Why do we dream, you may ask? We dream because our subconscious mind is telling us about our present state of awareness; things we may not realize while we're awake because we're too busy with our everyday lives. Researchers believe that dreaming is a way to relieve stress. Dreaming is usually based off of what we've seen, but what if you're blind; you can't see anything. Do you still dream? Yes, blind people also dream. "People who became blind after birth can see images in their dreams. People who are bom blind do not see any images, but have dreams equally vivid involving their other senses of sound, smell, touch and emotion? Imagine that! Also, our minds dreams often themed around death, threat or fear of pain inflicted on the dreamer or a loved one or even worse. These are the frightening dreams that's purpose cannot be explained or rationalized in your daily life.n ���Ode to "The Walking Dea此 EVERY FEW MONTHS, AT 9 O'CLOCK. ONCE A WEEK a Wonderful show is on, called -the Walking dead" Yes, this show maY make me a freak •CAUSE EVERYTIME I LOSE MY HEAD THE SHOW ABOUT ZOMBIES Will always have my attention NO MATTER HOW 1 FEEL THAT DAY ALTHOUGH THE/SEEM THE SAME AS MUMMIES THEY ARE VERY DIFFERENT; ZOMBIES DO NOT BORE LIKE DETENTION I LOVE THE WALKING DEAD”, JUST TO WATCH THE SHOW, I WILL GLADLY PAY BY: BROOKE BLANKENSHIP K B ����100% Brittany Stephenson 2。％龄论戒ed描如&祯回 10?b puling on peps my。『好$血 2O^o louing the $鼬花$ H pl聊 10% more e恤『gy《◎『doss esach di◎妙 20^6 is me bem^ heard woFfemg) 15% are pieces ©5 me Q『＜e bwkemi But wait…There is 5% o? me left The little things +破 make me fche be$& But/ sorr^，am% tell 照皿丘膈 iresfc; p 妒 “也挥1皿四§ U wheiAz wh«t yoiz thlutte, wh«t you say, fliAzd wh^t you. do we tuv h^mtouvy / — MnPiAtzmn 6j«i4zdkiL ''测c处明 ng g函v职0 w麟r? you want, DO?伽雁舞 as WfiOTDW® WMAT YOU CPF — W.P. 即目塞戏A "TTIEIIE IBIE^IT WAY T© ® IKI IE IE EL 宜⑪ T?说贸 IT CD €HIEEIk 够⑪区IE⑪国:E lEIL^E &EAIRJK 宜W4U剧 IS — “No one is going to ficmcCme success. I must go out & get it myself. That's wAy I'm Here. To dominate. Tb conquer. 'Both tHe -worCcQ and^Tnyse「: — 1in^no"wn 'Build your own dreams, or someone else win hire you to build theirs/-Farrah Gray 倾d! ^^eaatt/ia ���������������珈 Rzqu濒:Favorite Team fletiviti^s Buzz Bightqear: TV Tag & Jessie, Nur*, & Mr. potato tizad: ptjzrodaetgl 0all .攵T ! TV Tg The same rules of fr^zjz tag applg but With a ns? twist. Someone is d跷ignated as "It" and chases th。other plagerrs in an effort to tag someone 如驱 and make them the new "It." In order to avoid being tagged, the other players ean run from th。 taggfn' or kneel down making an antenna怎 sign while shouting out the name of a television show. If a plag^r nam旋 a show bejore being tagged, the tagger must continue on their wag and attempt to tag soin^onp else. If a plag^r fails to name a television show or repeats the name of a t.v. show named earlier, thzg ean be tagged and bgcom。th。new "It."分ijjerent boundarijzs ean be set up, either large or small, to determine where players ean move in a given spae^ from the tagger. Spec。方31: TC^flnthony^ original m脆t^rpizee. Mission Obtain Instructions eomplgtz in exchange Jor a Re双怎 peanut butter* cup. !>linkq 曲。丈 prjzss Conference !===* 7 A One performer is giving a press eonfgrgneg while the others ar。 asking quizstions as reporters. The subject of th(z eonfgrgneg is known to the report reporter 。咫源，but is not known to the performer, p^rform^r, and is usually an unusual achigVfzment or「vent (such as §anta retiring) performer deduce lhe subjjsel oj the conj 弟n云匾 The p 罚。rwr mast dgdaee the subject eonjgrgneg basjzd on thjz questions thjzy arc askjzd. fill plag^rs must begin bg knowing that th。point of the game is to keep their lips covering their teeth the whole time and never lotting their teeth be seen or 比eg arc out! The gam。begins with fjv^rgoniz in a circle and on。plag^r saying "pterodactyl" to the plager to th^ir right or 1巩 The game can start in either direction. In order to change th。 direction, a player must scream like a pterodactyl and cvcd flap their wings at the player before them. If a player CXpog thzir teeth,旋pcciallg by laughing, thjz：g arc eliminated and the game continues until there is one Wirmer! ���尊产 斜 ar 的 w o r rss fl M 一 2JO-^ 、 q \ ' v 弓 「 f 忌点 幺 K 1 ' £ Lost and in darkness ， 6 Tils is all tW 1 know * 1 hear other people I kn©w At tile top of rfie steeple 1 see al! the seared Last出at 1知政 1 am truly feared N。 more gorses Just on foot journey Outside forces y ? An4 things 林at Jisfurt me Lost in Hie darkness z / z,' I X Tits is all I hw Lost and in dar知ess 性re seared &an l)efc»re -lyler fisher t ， �����Jordan McKeaige g 包 STS 100% Jordan Never one to judge you 37% Musically inclined in different ways 1% Food enthusiast, which can make me happy any day 16% Gamer that could play for days on end 5% Animal lover; they are sometimes my only friends Before they learn your scent No annoying barks, clucks or moo With a feline friend a day is well spent 20% Son, grandson, nephew, and brother of three little brats; Although they are better than twenty rats Always with fur thafs soft and warm 10% A friend to anyone who needs it They're the best to dress in silly hats u% Nice to the bone, it s just in my spirit 100%, that's the total, which makes a perfect me Even though I may be weird, awkward, and a little strange And bright-eyed with a curious look The notion's most adorned With just a meow you'll be hooked I'm not talking phonics I'm talking CAT^ There is nothing else that fd rather be 〜anissah baht-fom nr 0 I k ����The Faraway Land Once upon a time, Ina faraway land called "Upward Bound," ten strangers (Syrah, Lizzy, Adrian, Jake, Amanda, Joe, Caylyn, Kati, Cassandra, and Carmen) stumbled upon each other while lost In the kingdom's complicated woods. At first, the strangers were scared of one another and put up their defensive armor in order to protect themselves from any harm that might come their way. After reassuring each other that none of them meant harm, the group began to ease their tension, when all of a sudden, a woman in cowgirl gear popped out of the nearest tree. TC Bianca, Queen of the land, was also lost in the woods after taking a stroll to find the Tree of Knowledge. She had been listening to the strangers* conversation and decided to reveal her presence to the group of seven girls and three boys tn order to show her innocence. Onc€ ccmn:unJcation was established, the group decided to trust TC Bianca, Queen of the had. to get them out of the woods. On their journey. Queen B discovered that this group was full of many illustrious qg二心& Syrah was emotionaliy strong, and was able to move the group fonvard when the ircraJe became low: Liny started as the most mlstmsting in the group, and then became t?te fqHess M丈er eveiyone looked to in times of trouble; Adrian stood up sLlm 卜nv? A aH 已a ironsters that hunted the group down: Jake had the ability to helped build forts when shelter was needed: Amanda 二se： t? X：? all the membeRwhen they were in need of advice: Joe was t?二工 tr^es to spot where home might be: Ca)iyn was able to make 3 ；. ： h e? gr^at grief by doing impressions of a foreign wman -qe三 S«m Xn e三 «^s and spied cn enemies when information was rd•: f Mssgira 2岑由 the gnz^pwth hsr bag of face paints ^"hen they F：二r:d last tut cottea^t Csnzen sKUfuIh- used r： ;竺？心 h cWu to 性w beasts cffcefcresttofb- u z 厂=»is mi?，:二 H C »^C5. fee K? ±azked Q-een B f二=e tr装:•己* N i: = t: rx:0 Nrii. fes ' "二二-顼法f ”三二公乎 z -F H M * HW g :? '^^ess. M scechji. *3^ 沽二壮工1 ♦ ^W^cKiw^ "伽席奴仅部evg^ St^si^v o^v a^/i&s^o^cA <a^ 吸 fH^, yi^e/b 务材T *?^v牙的孩《• 很s幽1>VC^S^庐®^ s缄 M&O疚声可祯^笋J92/农尹 "务“夕忽名夕 ���A Day in the Life of the Sun By: Amanda Blankenship The sun awoke with a bright smile. Its smile lightened up the Earth with warmth. He peered upon the earth watching it twirl and dance. The sun saw the stars open up and pop their sparkling smiles. The sun's attention then turned to her, the moon. The moon made the sun blush and smile. He missed the moon; they only get the chance to kiss every few years. It is almost 16 years since they kissed last time. He notices how close she is to him, and he ponders how much longer it will. The sun estimates about 6 more months till they have an eclipse and that thought delights him, making the sun smile bigger. The sun looked toward Earth again and he became confused when he saw a figure leaving the Earth. He watched, squinting his eyes. It was pointy and white. He was shocked when half of it broke off, but relieved when it was still ok. The sun kept watching, amazed by what came out of the Earth. Then his heart stopped when he saw it heading to the moon. He L gasped in fright; they were going to blow up the moon! The sun became angry as the thing moved closer to his love. He wanted to get closer to the Earth to melt it, he wanted his revenge. The weird object began to land on the moon; he couldn't bear to watch so he closed his eyes. He waited, and waited, and waited but nothing happened he allowed himself to peek to see what was going on. He saw another tiny figure moving on her, with a skip in its step. He wasn't able to understand what it was and what was going on. He wished he could comfort the moon; tell her it's going to be ok. He dreamt of it, and then became worried again when he wondered if the tiny thing was going to hurt her. He trembled in fear hoping his fear wouldn't come true. The sun watched it for what seemed like hours, the finally it climbed into the pointy thing and lifted off towards the earth. The sun told himself, he will talk to her about it in 6 months. Finally the day has come where he can talk to her, kiss her, comfort her, and just be there for her even for a minute. She gave him a kiss and smile, he felt himself falling for her all over again. To his surprise the moon didn't seem scared or crying. She didn't even bring it up or hinted towards about the weird thing. He smiled as the spoke thinking; if it doesn't bother her I won't let it bother me. They kissed one last time before gravity pulled them away from each other. ��mo%J* ZO% 珏 以丁炭man 10% w。次5加r浦 ZO% With户"邮 fnA-km^ 族"，讪 ?% 丁rm 机esome 7% Ahtm NO%片户tSt's人必佗 1泓 &r(^z^j e.nou(jk to v^re-site. 4 Beat 亨甘曷吕彳 g �����2003 wc A m e -v© H - r1 *枣 0 杼 9 c ( £ 3 6 §3 、 w § / 一 & ls. ~ > e CCS.OF H T 3 I P S盅 # 2工 呈 ^ 1 ? £ & * • ?-§ £3 T & . 9 d 史 > s » rr w gz' u s o g 5: L J _ y 一 6C--P § F E s 1 ? G * W O G A/ e Lfn igs e 系一 A R % S B S J 5° p c \fcb O S F ’ ln c _ 3 s c . ^ 5 r c k c I d iPod矿f 。 』 3 i : p c. _ § Pc 3-0 。 _ © m q HP N O r 0 r2.5 60-5 q o G O 「 pF g ao r c o c d s e <A8 .-? % • H r l m q " . o I . 、 q 册 警 苓 』 < < 3 % ?|~ 富 N cs c. "Tln-e. © 0 L F 斗 he W5B 顷 tf3«0 。 (o ■Q '—»Cjlj 二 CMS 1003 ZO 13 ^■ 9 F * g " s ^ ) _ ^ 饵。 第您 P W 。 - 二 )0 宴 ( p.cs F o H x d ) ���A Speech by: Katie Oldziejewski Family, friends, I am here to say goodbye... Tm not positive if it's a creatures. Stinger armed and acid saliva filled. I could die. I'm determined not to, though. My goal is three months there. At home, I can barely spend more than permanent goodbye or more like a see-you-later. I'm departing to a strange and three hours outside. My journey's purpose is to help me break out of my shell and unheard-ofjungle; undergrowth, a boscage, a labyrinth, a primeval forest if you go watch as maybe a baby Snozzwanger breaks of his. Experience and adventure will! An island so rare and unheard-of that even I myself don't know the name of are the two things I hope to get out of this expedition. Experience to come back it. My therapist said I need more adventure in my life and I may be going out on a and brag on my blog and adventure to please my therapist... she says I spend too limb here... literally, but Tm taking the leap not the fall. Fll certainly miss all of much time on the internet and not enough experiencing new adventures. To you. shout out to my parents, 12 cats, twice removed three times replaced cousin, experience is the action of which I'm taking and adventure is the goal I wish to co-workers and my computer access. I love you all and will miss you dearly. I will achieve. My journey will begin on a plane, small and cramped, and then two more miss my soft bed, being replaced by a branch or pile of leaves (soft ones of just like it. Then comes a bus and a taxi, onto a helicopter and then a row-boat. course), my nice clothes, being replaced by the few hiking type clothes I can fit We'll be tugging along a smaller boat for me to go on alone. The island is into my one backpack, and again I'll miss my internet connection. I can't blog or somewhere only I know the coordinates to. This means no one can find me. I'd browse, type or tweet, update or undo... what will I do? This is a frightening appreciate if everyone said their loving goodbyes tonight, as I set off in the journey to go on when you're someone like me who's never been out of the city. morning. Thank you and see you later! I，ve had to buy backpack accessible weaponry and boots fit for Big Foot, much from my slippers. Fve had to get a backpack half my height and had to start working out since the only thing I ever carry is my laptop... which reminds me, I 11 miss my internet connection . Fm going to face dangerous beasts! Such as WangdoodlesandBontboks, Homswogglers and Oropendolas, Snozzwangers and Zebrennies and the rotten vermicious Knids! They're venomous and homed ������������ Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Upward Bound Lit Journals, 1981-2016 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Provost's Office Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1981-2016 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource PDF Type The nature or genre of the resource Journal Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Upward Bound Lit Journal 2013 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Provost's Office Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2013 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource PDF Type The nature or genre of the resource Journal https://omeka.wilkes.edu/omeka/files/original/a9ad0577926d7ac248202a00da32e7cd.pdf d80e44c8ac9ca7a2dc19705a700f8bec PDF Text Text �����Khalid Credle Daughters Roses are red. Violets are blue. I love you. Do you love me too? I'll nourish, care, and hold you tight, And prorect you from the dangers, that roam the night, You are my heart and soul the things I'd love to keep, Twinkie The Kid Jack Patterson Twinkie the kid was a little rascal, robbing banks, boarding trains, and stealing jewels He made … He was the most hated villain in the wild west. Until one day a his living by robbing others. ... young new deputy was determined to stop this unruly criminal, his name was Taste Kake. Rumor has it that they have been bitter rivals 5 since childhood. Deputy Taste Kake had a master plan, — _______________ _. S UWll Ulivwi — - ------------------------------ •> trap. He setup a train with riches and gold and knew that Twinkie the Kid couldn't resists, and he was 袂 11C right. m. When “ ..v.i the time came the train arrived at the station, people hopped, and it zoomed Away. While on top of a hill Twinkie showed up knocked out the train driver and held up th? train. It looked hopeless until Deputy Tasty kake arrived. “Your time up u%ol' ol' pal. paL”：“"Ma?be Maybe mine 二; ' j were as still as can Kbe, not a single isn't but yours is." They both got ready fbr a shoot out,•「they disconnected and Twinkine fell with it. "Curse you Tasty Kake!!! sound when the train car was “— *------------It was over the plan worked and perfectly and the west was safe for now you were a baby I rocked you to sleep, I looked back on the days when you were crawling on the floor, Xow you're all grown up and walking out the door. You are my daughter, and to that I hold you dear, But now I goi to let go and let you run without fear. The Empire Familv They are your caretakers. Those you care take. The ones you love, And love you back with no exceptions. They do all they can fbr you, And I do all I can fbr them. Neil Murphy Ten years. Ten long years we have been suppressing the Rebellion. The raid on Mulan, the siege of Venice, the bombing of Pair, all have been long and bloody and awful events. All fbr the downfall of the Dominion. Tiberius was chosen to rule the Dominion, destined fbr it. But he betrayed us. Everything ... stand fbr, has been betrayed and tom from us. People rose up and laid waste to our trading we ports and farms, they've stacked up on their pitiful weaping and think they are ready for war. While Tiberius rested in his cradle of power, we prepared. We have disbanded the Republic and created a triumrerate in the Empire. They pray to their God, but we are merely Gods amongst men. We adapted powers unimaginable to the humans. When the time is right, we will strike and eliminate all opposition to the rightful Empire. For the love of the Dominiary the Empire, Darth Pelagius, Darth Tarantus, and I, Darth Nihilus the eater of worlds, will finish the conquest of Earth, and restore order to the Empire! We pledge our Oath to the next rightful Emperor, Lord Sithis. ��The Girl She writes beautiful music, but ugly to society. society^ She's happy on the outside, but sad on the inside. She's easily remembered, yet easily forgotten. She's broken and cannot be fixed., ,, fixed. All because you tore her apart with your harsh words And told he/that And told her that she she could could not not be be fixed. fixed. And will never be loved or accepted into this twisted world full oi naters So, today's the last straw. She's given up. And ifs all your fault. Mv Crush , 滔t海*fg瀛 makesyoufeel. Maybe I'm nothing important. A decimal from a whole. . Though you make my head spin Like a red barber's pole. I make you laugh. She makes you blush. I feel like you go red With her special touch. My 二love ：-_ for ：一 ’him , is * strong. " ang, Fire in mv heart untamed. But you'd have io do the impossible For me to tell you his name. Wonder ifmv if my absence makes you wonder. Feel like I can't make you feel the way she makes you feel. Slave … .. ， . „ J___ The only sound in the room was the scrape of her chain on the wooden boards of the small stage, Dim focused on a single point, and when she stepped into the spotlight, there was a low easp amongst the audience. Her dress was tight around the torso, then fell in a shimmering skirt, {very- inch of fabric covered in a piece of tinted glass so her very image shone and glittered. Her even long black curls were gathered messily atop, so only one thin piece framed her pale face. Her bare feet came to a stop, and a whistle rang out; the audience laughed and applauded as a deep red stained her beauty. They fell silent again as her lips parted, and a single note filled the air. Then, slowly, her voice moved, slid from note to note, in a hypnotizing h^piuiLin^ melody 皿.上由 that 3商 gained speed spuniil the sound seemed to be dancing; then it receded and sank back to the note it started with, until it faded into silence. The audience, broken from their trance, hesitated a moment, almost afraid to distort the delicate calm that settled on the room like a sprinkle of snow, but then in one body approval. But, as3 s she slowly waii\uu walked mil off u the stage with ------, arose ；, in a_roar of thunderous -ri — i, — 〜 iu niagj vvim her chain trailing after, nobody saw the tears that glittered like precious diamonds in her melancholy eyes and rolled softly dov/n her cheeks. Amy Kulp Wake Up & Smell The Reality oincr side, blue, but uui where wus匚 1do I find the rainbow? They say the grass is greener onthe - other UUWII the U1G rabbit tauuix. hole “goh Down to wonderland,I. oh I wish I could go Second star on the right and straight on till morning, to rteverland Mufasa dies and Scar lies Kim Possible? She*s She's unstoppable 、,, Zack And Cody? Don't forget Mr. Moseby Raven, Raven, Chelsea, Chelsea, and and Eddy, Eddy, best best fiiends friends to to no no end end Flipping patties for Mr. Krabs z Ariel found her legs, like Belle found her Beast Cinderella lost her shoe but found some peace Aladdin got together with Princess Jasmine, Sleeping Beauty was sent away, she didn't know she was a princess but found her pnnee Even up in a tower, lower, Rapunzel had power Snow White didn't know the rule, don't take food from strangers, but she found out later The world broke apart because of a rat named Scrat But Dorothy was still in Kansas And Alice found her way back Wendy left neverland And Simba goes home Snow White wakes up And I open my eyes to reality Life isn't a movie or a TV show . We all have to grow up, and open our eyes at some point. ��UB Family The Miner ne life of a miner was hari, consisting oflong hours, sleepless nights, cramped spaces, tough breathing, and others. But. to some, they loved theirjob, and one miner did. He worked in any type of mine you could think of, worked overtime voluntarily, and taught the new miners the track. The Wilkes Brother Mining Co. had an age limit in which their workers had to once they reach 65. The miner was approaching this age, and he was less than a week away from when the traoedv happened. He was teaching his last student of the week. "Alright so wanna get siarted?” he askei “Sure I guess...," replied the student. "You gotta have spirit!" the miner said. He went on leaching him the basics when they got to the break room. "Here is where you eat lunch and dinner."' As They were talking, there was a bang and shaking. "What was that?" Right then, anoiher worker rushed in. "Get out! The mine collapsed!" When they were rushing out, the miner was helping everyone else first. Unfortunately, he couldn't get himself out. That was the end to hinL or so we were told ....The End? The Ending Because I'm here, and I'm here to the end A fight where I have to stand and defend Everything in which I once believed And all the things for what I grieved Do you remember our first day? The day we arrived here? Some were filled with joy, while others with fear. Some have been on an experience like this, but others were wondering, "How will I get through with this?,, As parents brought us here and expressed their love, some of them cried while some left with just a hug. All the rules were given 一 we found out who we were running with. Our teams were picked which was a nerve racking experience. Some didn't want to separate from their friends. We got our tour and toured some more. We looked at all the building wall. Some were short and some were tall, but under the stars we loved them all. It's beautiful here, most of us cheered, but then at night some would shed some tears. Not used to such a difference place, how will we keep up with this place? Waking up in the morning was extremely hard. Tm not sure if we can go far. But we could, and we did! We worked hard - some were shocked. No one were left alone or in the dark. There are some negatives, but this program is truly lovely. No matter what, we're that UB Family. TC Corey Leader of Fantastic Four, In charge of nine kids. Breaks it down on the dance floor, But sarcasm he forbids. Heroic and strong, my ending will be Tell me now, do you believe, do you think of me Always wearing socks and sandals, Tell me that our time is now Graduated from G.A.R. The time to give our final bow Responsibility he could be able to handle, And always raising the bar. Although he5s a little sassy, On very rare occasions, He might even be classy. Amy Kulp ������������������������Winter Winter is cold, But also a change. A change from old To rearrange. The snow falls From the sky. The winter calls From up the high. o € Favorite Room In Mv House What is my favorite room you ask me? It is the best in the house My room is my favorite place to be Sometimes, it as quiet as a mouse My room is something I call my own I even painted the v/alls blue My favorite room is v/ell known And decorated with pictures too Children play All day long, But the day Can*t last long. Big windows let the light shine through At night, I can see the stars Outside the windov/s the birds coo The street flooded with cars Winter isn't bad So don't complain. Stop being mad And enjoy no rain My room is my favorite place in the house to be In my room, I can be completely 100% me Life If life were as easy as it sounds, It would be called checkers. Moving from one place to another In the blink of an eye. A four letter word with such More meaning. Like how a checkers is Made simply out of squares. So much simplicity, Yet at times it's too complex. We at times forget where we started. Some of us don't even know where we'll be in a year. Because life isn't handed to us With someone to tell us how long We'll have it. And sometimes life, This simple four letter word Is taken for granted. �lonira and KimbQ Chapter 1: Introduction 1 —system. ；-•™i. There arc creates roam on a mythical planet in a faraway solar Nfanv Cicaico »vam 5.«-*•— ,r . mysterious . f - _ dominant crcmcc The species Ct of the planet, 二二 grifibns, _三］二--------s. gargoyles, and more. dragons, mermaids, wyverns, i attacked. Most of the dragons did £)Im7were the dragons, but that changed when the\sy ve^ . Z.U1UU1. \SC1C LUw in— _ . . so they could be protected. not make it Thev eventually formed an alliance with the gargoyles Fifty wais passed and the age of the dragons has come again,i. Twelve dragon eggs have been in incubation for len years. In a few days these eggs are . T1 .. > will be lhe future veneration and the young warriors the elders need for battle, ^dderdr^ons will be the future generation and the young wam( had to come up with new techniques to teach the new generation when they reached two \dks 产3 G r 9 0 —?/ 。 o o o o O o o o 少。O 0 o o ■ &(/ > 0 y o 。。o : ° o o O > old. In the wwems' newly built territory, they had to teach their young the di fierence . " ,and _____ '一一 a j_____ Xcc has four i»nc legs anri wino? whilewhile a wyvem has two between 3 dragon a wyvern. A dragon and wings, a wyvern has leas two legs ~ wings 心 are connected. If a wyvern ever saw a dragon, it was told to destroy it. and the arm and have also been told that dragons are brutal creatures and no wyvern should The young wyverns h- o O o o 0 Q 0 0 o o I"' everr be able to talk and get along with one. Chapter 2: The Dragons Are Born _丁 _二二3 was dropping Night fell in the village. TL_ The ：temperature ' from the hot day. The gargoyles from scavenging and drasons were wom out £. ------------- = for food and water. The wyverns are becoming more powerful, and the dragons are gening older and weaker. "If these eggs don't hatch soon, I don't know whai we are going to do," said the Elemental Elder. The Elder ofTime responded with. -They will hatch soon enough.*' After all of the elders were inside, the gargoyles went outside to keep night watch. The Elder ofTime was the only ones up when he noticed an egg wobble. "Elders get up. It is time.” Thev slowly got up. "Remember the first two to hatch are the leaders in this generation." Said the two leaders of the elders. They were all wobbling. It was hard to tell which two were going to hatch first. "Cook,” exclaimed the Wisdom Elder. Two eggs burst open, and the two baby dragons rolled a little. ~The lighter tanned one will be named lonira, and the other shall be Kimba," both the leaders staled. -The oiher dragons' names will be chosen once we know what their element is." Chapters： First Day of Training Ifs been three weeks since the dragons hatched. In another week, they will be ready for training. The dragons are prepared for next week. lonira and Kimba already know how to fly. They go oui and practice difierent techniques while no one is watching, "It's the first day of mining."* shout Kimba. miimng.** Kimbo. "Yeah, -Yeah, and we know a lot already?' already；' announce lonira. Thev They head to --___ Til_.1______ .1*-、.___ —________ . . J —j- When =— —T they were told training,,l»o _ coining. go ：-------户*e. wasl«VV two weeks. At the end of training, even- drsgon “ will ill know knew how to fish- fly and breathe their element. 、 • F云 day of tuning was tough for 屁 two. They didn't expect training to start off \\讪 nghting- Z azdthey 政、we %vere -.vom wcm qh oil: rmp * ±ey got home. "Just “Just think Kimba, Kiniba, two weeks 前 of th" this：''' 梦心 芝乎。4 "至 w 哥耍顼 &即 when we get used to it?Kimba points out. Bo£ : • , - . - . - L ■ , 二― 〜■、, txuuuil puuu> UUl. DUUl drazons reL asieep quicker szi ead:±r nun mey ever did. - ：，5 '.i �����Quest for the Hungry Hollows Rai-Shawn Rinaldi ¥ L-'- --• 1 a Pokemon battle with Katniss Everdeen had just recently finished of the winner shall not be disclosed because Misty Misty. The name c---- ------was obviously only—— using Psyduck and Togepi. Katniss thought it WaS Gu —d ■- j , would tickle her fancy if she went for a walk through the Mushroom Kingdom. She was approaching the bridge to Terrabithia when a very 'I not You shall famous wizard jumped into her path and. shouted, pass!" He proceeded to also say that there were certain items she must possess for a certain time that she was not aware of because she is this story's protagonist. These items, called the Deathly Hollows, were being held by the seven dwarves at the Throat of the World. Katniss accepted this gues and mounted her trusty lion, Aslan. She had final come across the encampment set up by the seven dwarves at the top of the mountain. They demanded she sing “Harder, Better, Faster, Stronger" by Daft Punk before they would give her the Deathly Hollows. As she was leaving, and feeling awesome after completing her task, Nick Fury swung in front of her. He wore his Indiana Jones outfit and informed Katniss of her true quest: defeating Emperor Palpatine. He saw her off to complete her quest before breaking the fourth wall and saying, "May the odds be ever in your favor.” SUSSEX, o �������Ode to Scooby Doo Finding Nemo slam poem One fish, Mother dead, Worried Father, Broken Fin- Lucky fin uScooby-doo, where are you? "Get up for school, Dad” Nemo shouts at Father Marlin. My favorite childhood show One place-not safe... the drop off The bad guy, You would never know who “How far can you go, Nemo?” he stutters, but swims. With his lucky I would watch it anytime of the day, I want to watch now fin “He touched the Butt” Every morning would watch Boomerang, the gang and me He swims back Snatched! Catched! Taken Away Velma, Daphne, Shaggy, Scooby-doo, and Fred Couldn't get me away from the TV once it began You could call me five times, but the only thing I would see is the TV I would even watch it before I went to bed “Have you seen a boat?' Marlin Asks Dory, whose thoughts come and go, Swimniing along they have a great scare crossing paths with., -Sharks who believe "Fish are friends not food” -Turtles "You're riding it, dude” -Jellyfish jumping, OH NO! I would choose watching this show over getting a toucan Jumping left to right don't know where to go. Leslie Huertero P. Sherman 42 Wallaby Way Sydney, Dory says. With her high spirit she chants “Just keep swimming, just keep swimming, just keep swimming, swimming, swimming. On their way, they come to save Nemo from the wetched Darla. �Nemo sits and waits in his tank, accepted into his new crew. Nigel keeping Nemo sane with the news that his dad is on his way. Halfway through UB Today marks the half-way point of my first UB summer. Our amazing Back and forth messages are pass(；ed- Marlin knows his only son is theme is "Marvel(ing) at your ftiture” there are lots of amazing people, I Okay. don't know where to begin. R.D. Sandy is always sweet, but if you get on Down the drain and down he goes, gill sacrificing his life for him. A scare, a fright. Marlin thinks his child is not alright. Nemo and Dory found their way Family reunited Swimming home but... OH! Fish caught in a net, so close to getting away. With a yell Nemo says "Swim Down! Have a litde faith Swim Down, Swim Down.” Free at last Back Home. New beginning. New friends. And always remember “Fish are friends not fbod＞， her bad side she's hard to beat. A.R.D Jen takes lots of pictures, some funny, neat, and creative. T.C. Alyssa is a sweetheart always thinking about her students first. T.C. Sophia is really pretty, she's even on a commercial on T.V. T.C. Justin is very chill and the new king of the UB hill. T.C. Brandon is the prince and has a smile you cannot miss. T.C. Corey is very cool and all the students seem to think so too. My first UB summer is almost done and I am having so much fun. I never want this summer to be done. To say good bye to all my friends will hurt, even though I will see them again. Every Thursday night will last forever but the summer will always be much better Leslie Huertero and Jessica Borget Kayla Reilly �X-Men Storm, Cyclops, and Wolverine Only 3 members of this awesome team They are strong They are tough And will be there if things get rough So if you need a team to save you Call the X-men they are there to help you Jessica Borget Spider-Men Swinging from here to there Look fast don't miss it There he goes to save the day Always trying to be everywhere Read about him in the comic strip He will be in your heart to stay Jessica Borget Kayla Reilly ��Jessica Borget �Pretty Little Lairs Slam Poem To discover they crashed a party Got a secret can you keep it swear this one you'll save While in Ravenswood they left the party Better lock it in your pocket, taking this one to the grave To discover their best friend ally A group of friends with all different personalities One question came to all the girls' minds Allison-the leader, Aria-the loner, Emily-the athlete, Hanna- the geek and Spencer­ the Whose remains did they find? control freak To make their home town safe for ally's return At the slumber party before their sophomore year Allison disappeared The girls must work together to stop the killer Later on the girls went their own way The girls found out that someone betrayed their trust Junior year Ally's body was discovered Now the girls don't know who to trust The girls came back together Off to New York the girls must go After the funeral they all got a text To let ally be able to show A message saying UI know everything—OXOX” While in New York she told her tale The girls get threatened and put in danger But someone wanted her legacy to fail The girls work together to discover the stranger Ally returns home so is Ker story all done A prank gone wrong that left someone blind Or has A already won The girls returned to rosewood high The truth you know is tough to show A surgery went right Its trial by fire to expose a liar That left Jenna with sight Its witty and gritty and often not pretty But she didn't v/ant anyone to know With beauty in question deception runs wild She asked the girls to keep her secret The fire burns hot for these pretty little liars In exchange for her stopping the lies If I show you then I know you woni't ， tell what I said But magically Jenna almost dies Cause two can keep a secret if one of them is dead They arrived at Ravenswood extra tardy Reilly Andrews ��All The Way Up, IN order to live all the way up, I will be respectful I will be responsible I will be independent I will be caring I will be helpful I will be humble I will be thoughtful I will be daring I will be accepting I will be elegant Ryan Bobis Kayla Reilly ��� Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Upward Bound Lit Journals, 1981-2016 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Provost's Office Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1981-2016 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource PDF Type The nature or genre of the resource Journal Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Upward Bound Lit Journal 2014 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Provost's Office Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2014 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource PDF Type The nature or genre of the resource Journal https://omeka.wilkes.edu/omeka/files/original/233402af343696027cd73bf14f12baa2.pdf 4feca06cd65008f213c074c019041014 PDF Text Text ��Letter to the Students Dear Upward Bound students, Congratulations on successfully completing the Upward Bound summer residential experience. Your theme, "Controlling Your Destiny'' is very appropriate because by joining Upward Bound, you have taken the first step in taking charge of your educational journey. The power to control your future lies within each and every one of you. Upward Bound provides the necessary tools, but you are the one responsible fbr the implementation. To quote Ralph Marston, "Your destiny is to fulfill those things upon which you fbcus most intently. So choose to keep your focus on that which is truly magnificent, beautiful, uplifting and joyfill. Your life is always moving toward something.,, If you are not moving forward, you are falling behind. Keep striving to reach your goals. You have gained many valuable experiences this summer that will help you become successful in college. You lived in a college dorm for six weeks, formed true friendships, and have enriched yourselves academically, which will help you immensely as you start the school year. I hope you are proud of what you have accomplished. I have witnessed all of you stretch out of your comfort zones and transform before my eyes. Thank you fbr letting me be a part of your remarkable summer. I cannot wait to see the "destiny" that awaits you. Always believe in yourself because the best is yet to come. All of my best, Mrs. Dawn Harding Director, Upward Bound �Permanent Dawn Harding, Director John Pisak, Academic Coordinator Mary Beatty, Guidance Coordinator Marcia Harowicz, Office Assistant 风。s宜dem宣aU Sta，蚯 Sandra Sistrunk, Residential Director Justin Wall, Assistant Residential Director Tutor Counselors: Jeanne Cannon Tim Lello Corey Moore 割. Bobbielynn Richardson .Peter Tuzzo i Dear Upward Bound Staff, The 2015 Literary Magazine staff would like to thank you all for giving us the amazing opportunity of experiencing what college life is actually like. You have helped us with so many things from making us feel welcomed when we first arrived to providing us with activities to do every day. We realize that we are not the only ones that gave up six weeks of their summer for this program, you did too. We thank you for devoting these past six weeks to us. You have given us advice on which colleges to select, and you've helped us prepare for our classes for the upcoming year. You have even helped some of us do our laundry. We thank you for keeping us motivated throughout the program. Finally, as you have wished us success in the future, we would also like to wish you a successful future. Thank you so much Faculty:: James Blaum Alyssa Daniel Sara Eneboe Paul Evans Lisa Granahan Tabitha Hylton Kaitlyn Knick Leonard Lojewski Lynne Mariani Darren Moore Mark Moran Linda Pineno MaryAnn Rizzo Kristen Rock Samantha Schugardt Aaron Stoker Anne Marie Thamarus Ashley Zerfoss 2015 Literary Magazine Logo designed by T-Kitch �What is your own big plan? 珏云尽=:=杖 in Arlington, The following are excerpts from from the the speech speech by by President Bresiaent Barack tiaracK Obama given b . iciiiuci 8, s 2009. The Literary如七 g二二=£ classwas to read this speech, and Virginia on September Magazine 一asked On the next，― page, you will find excerpts from their writeairesponse —r 一一 -letter to the ' President. ~ c 5' letters. at the end of the dav, we can have the most dedicated teachers, the most supportive parents, and the best schools in the world 一 'and - and none of it will matter unless all of you fulfill your responsibilities. Unless you show up to those schools; pay attention to those teachers; listen to your parents, grandparents and other adults; and put in the hard work it takes to succeed. And that's what I want to focus on today: the responsibility each of you has for your education. I want to start with the responsibility you have to yourself. Every single one of you has something you're good at. Every single one of you has something to offer. And you have a responsibility to yourself jlfto to discover what that is. Thafs the opportunity an education can provide. Maybe you could be a good UTiter-maybe writer - maybe even good enough to write a book or articles in a newspaper but you might not know it until you write a paper for your English class. Maybe you could be an innovator or an inventor — maybe even good enough to come up with the next iPhone or a new medicine or vaccine - but you might not know it until you do a project for your science class. Maybe you could be a mayor or a Senator or a Supreme Court Justice, but you might not know that until you join student government or the debate team. And no matter what you want to do • .................................................................... . ‘--------- ，一一…，or £ with your life -1 guarantee that you'll need an education to do it. You want to be a doctor, teacher, or a police officer? You want to be a nurse or an architect, a lawyer or a member of our military? You're going to need a good education for every single one of those careers. You can't drop out of school and just drop into a good job. You've got to work fbr it and train for it and leam fbr it.... You,ll need the knowledge and problem-solving skills you learn in science and math to cure diseases like cancer and AIDS, and to develop new energy technologies and protect our environment You?ll need the insights and critical thinking skills you gain in history and social studies to fight poverty and homelessness, crime and discrimination, and make our nation more fair and more free. You'll need the creativity and ingenuity you develop in all your classes to build new companies that will create new jobs and boost our economy. We need every single one of you to develop your talents, skills and intellect so you can help solve our most difficult problems. If you don't do that - if you quit on school - you're not just quitting on yourself you're quitting on your country. Now I know it's not always easy to do well in school. I know a lot of you have challenges in your lives right now that can make it hard to focus on your school work.... Where you are right now doesn't have to determine where you'll end up. No one's written your destiny for you. Here in America, you write your own destiny. You make your own future. So today, I want to ask you, what's your contribution going to be? What problems are you going to solve? What discoveries will you make? What will a president who comes -here in twenty or fifty or one hundred years say about what all of you did for this country? Your families, your teachers, and I are doing everything we can to make sure you have the education you need to answer these questions. Pm working hard to fix up your classrooms and get you the books, equipment and computers you need to learn. But you*ve got to do your part too. So I expect you to get serious this year. I expect you to put your best effort into everything you do. I expect great things from each of you. So don't let us down - don't let your family or your country or yourself down. Make us all proud. I know you can do it. You can read the whole speech at hUD：〃w\\'\\'.\\'hilchouse.Qov/MediaRcsourccs/PrcDaredSchoolReniarks/ . Excerpts from Response Letters to President Obama: “Mr・ President, I plan on studying hard every day to make sure that I succeed in school. One day, I will become an engineer." - Brian Springer “Mr. President, I understand that education is very important, and I promise to give it 100 percent to make myself and my family proud." - Emmanual Edouko “Mr. President, I will keep trying to do my best in school, and in everything that I do. I will continue to give back to my community, and hopefully I can make a small change in this world." - Lizbeth Torras “Mr. President, Pve learned that nothing is impossible, and because of that I plan on shooting for the stars. I will take responsibility for my education in order to be the best that I can be." - Haley Perrego "Mr. President, I promise that I will try my best to become successful." - Katrina Dillion "Mr. President, I will try hard, and I will succeed." - Morgan Reese / —: ��Someday. Dear Tyler, Someday 1 will get my permit. Someday I will graduate high school. Someday I will go to college. Someday I will get married. Ay Someday I will have kids. Someday 1 will become an oncologist. Someday I will travel. Someday I will become successful. Someday I will be proud of -Tyler kitchen what I am doing with my I ,1 (,.. life! -Alexa Jarboe I am writing you at this moment because I would like to talk to you. At this time, I plan to graduate high school in 2017, attend Pitt University and then UPMC for college and Grad school to become a psychiatrist. Boy, you better hope this happened because if you didn't, you're in big, big trouble! Since this is only five years in the fiitiire, I should say that you should be on path to become a psychiatrist. I hope you are still a sarcastic person and didn't grow up in that sense. I really hope that you still hate cheese, because the thought of Tyler William Kitchen eating cheese makes me want to vomit. I can only imagine which people are important at your age. I would hope that it's still family and close friends. Well this is enough for you to read. Bye. �Grandfather I remember my grandfather. I remember his dark hair and dark eyes. I remember him sitting with me in the morning. Watching T.V. with me and drinking coffee. I remember how we wou1d always do stuff together no matter what it was. I remember you singing to me when I was sad or in a bad mood. I remember you! And I always will. -Alexa Jarboe �一 Miraculous Annoying Risk taking Italian Optimistic Crazy Opinionated Ridiculous Entertaining Y OUNGSTER ,-k 0 As I stared off into the distance I saw it, the most beautiful thing I've seen in a long time, Everything seems so perfectly peaceful. The trees had a way of speaking to me. The way they moved in the wind, the way the wind blows on my hair swiftly, the way they flawlessly gaze up to the sun. I have a way of looking at things that makes them look better than what they are. For example a leaf, a simple leaf on the ground is not just a leaf, its life. You see, that leaf goes through a cycle just like we do. It grows, it lives, it can go off of the tree and soars through the sky. Sooner or later the leaf falls and slowly becomes aged, and then it dies like we do. -Diana Rodriguez �Dear Future Me, Someday- This is you five years ago. What are you doing with your life? Hopefully, you have graduated from high school and are on your way to a college for a college education. Are you better at dancing then you were when you were in Upward Bound? Are you still a beast at basketball like you were now? Did you ever enjoy writing? If so, please write back and tel 1 me how? Do you have any plans to run for President of the United States of America? Someday I will get my license. Someday I will graduate high school. Someday I wi11 be the tai lest in my -present Brain Springer family. Someday I wi11 become a psychiatrist. Someday I wi11 go to a Steelers game Someday I wi11 have better handwriting. -Tyler Kitchen THE BLOOD IS SO RED. IT LOOKS LIKE RED, RED SYRUP. I R.EALLY HATE BLOOD. -TYLEK KITCHEN ��lam By Brain Springer I am Polish and German. I am the youngest sibling in my family. I plan to become an engineer. I am hoping to attend Penn State main. I am in a dorm by myself. I am not the writing type. My favorite color is blue. My favorite superhero is Captain America, lam enjoying Upward Bound, lam hoping to get drafted into the NBA. Kem 血Hare Alexa, mey ABexai, Dww are ycu? 0-m sitting here in Lit Mas, anmoil o wrDttiirae tone letter thatycu nrcbably foreot that yom aflodl. Joust on case ycu did. ycu enicyed writing it oDtmcfl you hweci t© remember it and read it in the ffantaire. So, how was ercwine up? Was it as Great as you UGioaneDit mat it was ocin^ tc be? Did ycu ec to collefie 听Ke ycu pHaiffiiiniedl? Off sc did ycu set into University cf Maio^DaiDiKd] DDBce you wanted to? B hone sc and I hcne ycu emoyed nt： 0 dcBin Ikimcw where ycu are in life rieht 曲cwg QdoM a§ Pm sottano here writing this Better n hcpe UhMyoui have Qone to cclletse, loved scmecne, are still ffnemds with Jessie because she was cne cf the realest friemids ycm haidl. 0 Bicne ycur Diealth is ficcd, and that yean emey Dnfe aand live it tc the funDIest： 0 am alcinc weH Qin scBuccB irwwg tfnnuallBy a jiuiniicr! 0'm almcst there. A<y frnemidls are very limited now. Eut rm net seine tc eo mto aHeta祁 with that because ycu already knew what DiaiPHieiniecflo D hcoe tBnatyciu] are stilD close with niem. §he is €ne cf the realist friends that ycu wiDD ever have9 aiDidl D hene that ycu reaBnzed that and ycu still de. -present ABexa ��T修匐而回©血眩备曹 FAVORITE MOMENTS Seeing students adjust to new living situations -T/C Corey Alexis putting Ice cream on Asia's neck Bridget Kiara falling when she laughs -Everyone FAVORITE SAYINGS ''You're getting written up・" -Bridget ''Keep the noise down" -Courtney ''I used to think a thesaurus was a dinosaur." -Kiara ''So I was sitting there walking to class and then my ankle just gave out and forgot how to be an ankle.n -Brian with an \\ 工 rt T/C SAYINGS ''The greatest risks are the ones not taken.z, -T/C Corey7 s fortune cookie ''That's a write up." -Bridget T/C Tim Emmanuel Edoukou Morgan Reese Amy Hoover Try stan Rackham 缸 A a r- , Cheyanna Derr Andrew Lacina Ashley Chavez Alexis Guy ,J Ana Luna Jekyra Rischer D。而血9脸回9偷r轮opp娉酬。困m feh® U9觎 ^d^]@© ⑨◎血a% 假◎bis。WGu妗回 Hie 网亢血立修同时。©『娃回曲qif She回◎殉e One Shafe 应Dmu卜佟v K@ngw wQcJd b® q c^曲叫pi制 6© EimgllDsh bwt 此[he 洗u©版 qbh驳w©y。 ��������Dear Futui'e Morgan Hey, Morgan. Tm sitting in Lit Mag right now writing a letter to my future self. Remember that? I was thinking about what I want to do with life, and in all honesty, I have no clue. When did you figure out what you want to do? Are you still not sure? I mean, Tve thought about being a teacher and think thafs kinda cool, but finding a job is just so hard. Where M you go to college? Right now I feel like Misericordia would be cool... Do you still knit? Do you have the blanket you were working on in 2015 completed yet? Wishing you well, Morgan Reese Life By Trystan Rackham Hello, I* m Trystan and I' m going to speak freely. In the beginning of our life, we are automatically given two gifts. Life, our first breath, and death, our last breath. As humans, rulers of earth and inventors of everything we are, years and years of development. History has been made by us humans. However, humans are weak. I am weak, you are weak, and we are weak. Our first gift of life can be so easily taken away. So live. Live and carry out the ambitions and aspirations you possess. Our minds are the strongest machines in the world, so us it to the best of your ability and go out there into the world and change it. Mold it. Earth is still ample and ready for our hands to leave our milestone in its crust. Today is today and tomorrow is tomorrow. Live today productively. Whether that means talking to your friends or researching information, you influence everyone around you. So go out and live before that second gift. ���脆弥by： Poem 1: Every time you close your eyes Your mind reveals a new surprise No matter whether if s dark or light It will entice you through the night Showing what is yet to come Or simply the places you are from This is something you all know And every morning must let it go Someday Poem By: Richard Mitkowsld SoBneday I will start Jiuiior year Sojneday I will graduate Someday I will become 18 Someday I will become a doctor Someday I may have kids Someday I mil die Someday I become a diamond you're A DIAMOND , DEAR Poem 2; Aspirations and hopes, goals and dreams This life is really not what -----it1 seems As we try to decide As\ ■ what to do To ourselves we must be true Realizing how v: we want to live And showing what .< v< have 11CIV C to give 〜 一t we Pushing d’kj ourselves . in such away That Lat we grow nearer success everyday ▲ ，o---------- 33 THey CAN'T BREAK you. �By: Victoria Now睡, The Water's Truth By Richard Mitkowski - 、「 i D唧 g、 Fire is red Water is blue Except the Susquehanna IT LOOKS LIKE POO! People say to be —―— — They tell you to join dubs yonjirsellff." You go. It's alrigllifi. But you still haven't fours。youirseflffo They tell you to join a sp@irS: Then another Next thing you know, y©u 如 Or what you want to do with _ _ _ So you do more. Next thing you know -------you'recoirastairD^Oy bwsy -__, And# reaHy don t know where 疽丛 But, everyone expects Andvn eneryOneeXpectss@ « And you II never just have "ygr$w." 勒C拔-此）ne物gm Music is my Norite hobby Music is my passion Music is fee he就 to my beat • Masic is the sh? I fere^the 胸usic is the blood pumps feough my veins Music mkes me feel alix>8 ������Humanity is Los! I $ee the homeless soldier curled up on the sidewalk everyday ..... I hear him crying out every mghl for his family that has deserted him I know that no one v/ill help him Everyone sees him. but no one will give him the respect that he gave everything lor Humanity is lost, but not realized I see fear in the eyes of the lady down the street when he touches her I hear screaming and crashing in the house down the street when I walk by I know that no one will help her Everyone sees the fear and hears her screams, but no one will save hor Humanity is lost, but not realized I see the friendless kid on the floor, picking up his books while the others laugh I hear him crying to everyone asking, pleading for someone to save him I know that no one will save him Everyone sees him crying in the comer, but no one v/ill give him a tissue* Humanity is lost, but not realized I see the dropout down the street being kicked out by her parents ! Jear h®r Egging for anyone to take her in I know that no one onev/ill v/ill help her 搽器摆严 how alone she is, but no one w<ll help her 一~ ” Humanity is tost, but not realized Stas ndOW'WOpeoP|e«ng their =?膘5 Everyone sees hw； sca^ ^ure.butnoonew,Sheyare，orthe them ne^'l reassure and comfort Humanity lost, but not realized Someday— S®me(dlay D wiOO gradluate high school. Somedlay D woOO choose my major. Somedlay II wiH go So collegeSomedlay D wMD geft a job in my career field. Somedlay 0 wiOO become wealthy. Somedlay 0 wdDD itiraveB We woirllcOSomediay 0 wdBD make a difference. Katrina billon �������PercentPBffl 70%严qn/u切诳…I'm eager碗*拔 70% M朋弟纱…彻疏衽y雄飒初危“0你欢 切 /VCSn时乱 形 joking...眸 is 伽 S扁rt 加 R 5er加5 1说 I牌用jsst Iwk At me 名,讷5让M..・履4tinq砰岫jeeUng 将 时f海nt 3 tike, gMtt^ to tHe gym. 3 cun kind. J Wee ta apend time with pdauh. 3 am loving. 3 血e tfie Wd初，Situe and 乎ivt* 3 3 (we, to 必 ten ta tnu^ic. 3 am caning. 3 tike ta ucluntee^. J ant me. 10% 推歼海nt... Mm,5 neVer r^Uci^t^ N0% vMket祝巳… 厂仇 机肋叩 trusting NO%。儿小臂no... j“5t 血nQ阳己儿m让 〔% "九处九。宓ng…last矿mo I AmVb y巳t切户n< It 所可仆 not. k 伽“c" hit t^t's 邮 vmte.fi ijou fcnpw? Ttvut's Ml I cm te.ll m ,0M r~ c--^vh see E r加碗血伍加却m «,岫! -Eusebio Huertero -Lizbeth Torres ST" "7邛阑朔 i'wnww L WhoAm ® �SO；认由％.... hoiA/Or society. so认三以优zI，， i will 0gt t'Atz? SOI 人羽Qg, i will graduate high school. s。；，二 汕s-ju i will ao to college. Sm/dp匕，i wilt Ww drecuujob. Ss/AfrfzixS I will 72ll M love with a grefit 0u.y. I wUl get earned. y, .I：： havea« fhkw.iLy of /vty own ■S*沥 p, I; will -Lizbeth Torres Capable of reading ❶rganized work Learning about yourself Leadership skills Efficient Gaining knowledge Exciting -Lizbeth Torres When I Ripped My Pants By: Jillian Stobodzian It was a regular school day, and I walked into my American Lit class, about to continue reading the play Our Town. I grabbed a book and sat on top of my chair, connected to my desk. I started sliding down from the top of my chair, when I thought I heard something rip. My friend Morgan asked if I farted, but then I felt the hole in the back of my pants. I said, <cNo, I ripped my pants." I didn,t think it was that bad, so I asked her to check my pants to tell me how bad it was and it turns out you could clearly see my underwear. Then, I had to go up to the nurse, and two people went up with me, but neither of them covered my butt, so I had to cover it with my hand, and failing. So everyone in the class saw my underwear. I walked up to the nurse with my hand on my butt, and when I got there the nurse asked me what size I wore, I told her a 3, and she handed me a size 10. Not only were the pants huge on me, but they were the length of capris, and were wide at the bottom. I was also wearing boots that day, so it all just looked terrible. Then, when class was over, my friends started laughing. They told me that the pants were see-through, so I started bawling my eyes out. Luckily, though, Victoria offered to switch pants with me. AVe walked in the bathroom and started changing while this girl walked in and just watched us. A few weeks later, noticed that Victoria had stashed the pants in the girls' locker room one day after school, and there they lie. So, yeah, that was the time I ripped my pants. �Dear 2015 Lit Mag reader, T/C Pete starter pack Before reading the next few entries, you must understand a few things. The UB students who took lit with Ms. Zerfoss were *forced* to read a novel called Feed, by M. T Anderson. Throughout this futuristic novel where the characters have a feed built into their heads, there is no need for hand-held technology, and gives you “everything you want before you know you want it," the reader goes through the daily life of Titus, a spoiled rich kid who can do whatever he wants, when he wants with his friends. One day, while hanging out on the moon to try to have fun, Titus notices a beautiful girl. Later in the novel you find out this girl is Violet. After they meet, the novel is almost all about Titus's relationship with her as her health declines because of a terrible hacking incident. The feed already causes harmful side effects, and things get worse. Happy reading! The Feed By Amy Hoover Common side effects may include malfunctions, headaches, hair loss, and lesions. The Feed can also be hacked, and then end up being shut off. Once turned off, ifll take some time to get used to not being able to use the feed. If the feed is messed up, you can die. �Pen and paper Messages Ravanna >^3/no\v5<i ATTENTION FEED USER: Have you recently lost the Dear Titus, I don't understand why you think so low of yourself. You have great potential yet you don't apply yourself. You might find it hard to believe but even your friends agree with me. Titus, you are capable of doing great things and I look forward to seeing all the great things you do. I believe in you Titus, keep thinking. -Violet ability to move certain limbs? Have you experienced difficulty breathing? Do you experience memory loss? If so, you may be entitled to monetary compensation. FeedTech'sTM equipment has been known to malfunction inside the body, causing the symptoms listed above. If you believe you are entitled to financial compensation, please call 1-800-BAD-FEED today. That's 1-800-BAD- As all of you know Earth is damaged severely but we can fix it. All it FEED. takes is just time and effort from the people. The first step in fixing the eanh would be replant. By replanting we can make the earth look a lot -Abby Iflll nicer. We also would need to clean UP all the trash laying around. If we all can get together and build and plant new buildings, trees, we can restore our earth. -Savanna Kalinowski kMISS THIS 0 0 0 �Hi! My name is nino and I am here to talk to you about a life changing experience, the feed! Okay, now most of you are wondering what the feed is, how you get it, and all of the advantages you will experience with the feed. Now, first, what is the feed? Well, the feed, in simple terms, is a life enhancer. Ifs a chip that is implanted in your brain at birth that will let you chat anyone in the world, help your children in school, and just make your life easier. It's like having a smartphone in ^e.ajL eo^po^aiionb, do not appgciate being, cafego^Zzec/ Like. /na^azine& in in. a computed babe.. ate people, not 必将3, like, book' and animab that ^oa can ta^. ^14^e wiLL not be.血aZ/iZ* cattle, that conform to ^pufc will btand up againbt thib t脂。of categozteb. We will btand fat who do not Realize. great technology there will always be risks. Ifs not covered be medical t/ie. danger in thib.句片 the. pspL%i, bKould be. allowed to Live. livab and all be. diffe^ejvtJ in ouz own. 页e people that mindLL心曲 walk abound Letting, insurance, ifs a dangerous surgery with the possibility of death, and if tko. feed consol them. * 瘁 Lobt. your brain! You don't even have to think; it thinks for you! But, with the feed is not implanted at birth it is most likely going to kill you. them., but we. found the. L毋hi and 任 once will open, theiz 咨心 .dig Humh bLiunbe!L caused 钮 the. feed. and btop th&it &n.clleAi 戏 caused. Me/eec/. By: Tiana Davis gZ/iaesg, -Coalition. of(fity. �THINK BY ANDREW LACINA The Solution By Amy Hoover do You Want to know how to change the World? think, every day we People of America! Look what has become of us! We are no longer individuals, SEE SO MANY PROBLEMS IN THE WORLD AND WONDER HOW TO FIX THEM. THE FIRST STEP TO ANY SOLUTION IS TO UNDERSTAND THE PROBLEM. HOW OFTEN DO WE but herds. The corporations are pushing us into groups our whole lives and we've been letting them! Tliey are taking away our personalities and making us all to be the same. Do we not have original ideas anymore? Are we all just going to COMPLAIN AND MOAN WITHOUT A SINGLE THOUGHT ABOUT HOW TO FIX ANYTHING. THOUGHT IS SUCH AN ABSTRACT IDEA. WHERE DOES IT HAPPEN? CAN WE FIND OUR CONSCIOUS MIND? ITS NOT HARD TO DO THOUGH. FOR INSTANCE, HOW YOU'RE WONDERING WHERE YOUR THOUGHTS ARE, YOU CAN FEEL IT, RIGHT BETWEEN YOUR EARS, BEHIND YOUR EYES. YOU CAN ALMOST HEAR THE WORDS COMING OFF THE continue on like this for the rest of our lives? How is being the same as eveiyone else fun? They say opposites attract, but if we're all the same what happens then? You all need to wake up! Open your eyes! Stand up against the corporations! Be your own person, do what you like, not what the corporations coi-porations tell you to like. If we don't start trying to change ourselves soon, individuality will cease to exist. Andrew Lacina paper. Whose voice is that? certainly not Yours, or is it? is the voice We KNOW OUR BODIES* INITIATION OF WHAT'S INSIDE? SEE? IT*S NOT HARD. The feed is a wonderful device. It shapes everything we do from how we talk to each other to how we buy underwear. However, there is a potential NEVER STOP THINKING. IT DOESNT HAVE TO BE PROFOUND. YOU DONT NEED for a number of adversely effects. TO THINK UP ANY INTENTIONS. JUST KEEP THAT BRAIN OF YOURS WORKING. THINK The feed is directly connected to your brain it can make you smell your ABOUT THE BIRDS, HO\V EVERYTHING THEY WANT TO SAY IS SUNG, LIKE A MUSICAL. grandmas* cookies or make it feel like your arm is on fire. Even a small malfunction can interrupt your heart-beat and cause serious problems. KEEPING OUR EYES ACTIVE IS A NECESSARY COMPONENT TO CHANGE. There have been instances of fingers going limp, but that's not all, as it UNDERSTANDUxG MUST COME FIRST, THEN SOLUTIONS. DONT HAVE A FIX FOR WORLD have been reported in a number of patients that their lungs have stopped HUNGER OR A CURE FOR THE COMMON COLD? THATS OKAY-KEEP THINKING functioning. These patients were otherwise healthy, until 25 mal glitch ended their lives far too soon. Everyone knows the benefits of the feed, but do they outweigh the risks? �Amy Hoover Titus, you need to listen to Violet. Don't stop thinking. You hove the potential to be something great! Something different! Just look at yourself compared to your friends. You are unique. You actually have some original thoughts. Since you met Violet you've been seeing things differently. That's what society needs right now. Everyone is just one blob of a few thoughts, nothing can be created like that. Your society doesn't know it yet, but they need to start thinking for themselves soon or the corporations will take over their minds. \ I organ Reese The Destroyed World Josafat Brito Walking into the ocean. A toxic looking world from sea. Walked back to land, thinking how much worse can this get. Every spot on this planet shows me that the world will continue to rot... But wait. Maybe if we stop dumping into This is a PSA regarding the well-being of the existing environment The Earth is becoming worse and worse as society grows. We can no longer actually swim in the ocean and have to wear hazmat suits on the beach. For the future generations, we need to clean up Planet Earth and make sure what is left of the earth is preserved. This is a PSA involving the dangers of having the feed. The feed, regardless of what the corporations are saying, can cause all kinds of health effects, including lesions and rnalfunctioning body parts. If you are a victim of these effects, don't hesitate to get yourself a lawyer and make a lawsuit against the corporations. Thank you. oceans, cutting down trees and stop abusing resources we may just be able to save this chunk of rock. Unfortunately I have no faith in human kind, but hopefully I am proven wrong and the world will become big and strong. �ALTHOUGH MOST PEOPLE ONLY KNOW THE POSITIVE FEATURES OF USING A FEED, THERE ARE SOME THINGS YOU SHOULD KNOW ABOUT THE FEED THAT YOU PROBABLY DON'T KNOW. FEEDS ARE GENERALLY SAFE. AS LONG AS THEY ARE PROPERLY PLACED INSIDE THE BODY BY A CERTAIN AGE, USUALLY BEFORE YOUR BRAIN IS FULLY DONE AND IT WON'T MESS UP YOUR BODY. FEEDS ARE ALSO able to be hacked if someone has the proper EQUIPMENT. ANOTHER PROBLEM WITH THE FEED IS THE ABILITY TO GO INTO MALL TO GET HIGH. 硼恤岫侦LH Mag Reader, Now that you've read everything, here's where you come in. in mis section, you can do whatever you please. There are some tilings for you to color ("because coloring is iun, right?”), a word search, and much, mucn more. The most important part of this section of the magazine, is that you have fun with it. so, feel free to be you and nil tnese pages with your “IMAGINATION. ” MH -BRIAN SPRINGER Hi, I'm Alexa. I'm here to talk to you about the feed. For you who don't know what the feed is it is something that is planted inside your head and it's like a phone but you don*t have to hold it in your pocket or worry about losing it. You can see whatever you want whenever you want and however you want. You may think that the feed is great and is all fun and games, but believe me it isn't, at all! There are so many dangers of using it. There is this one young girl who got the feed when she was 7 and now she is on the verge of dying. I don't like the feed at all! That's why I don't have it, and I don't plan on getting it anytime soon. And I personally do not recommend you getting one. It will hurt you if you get it too late. It may not happen as soon as you get it but it will happen sooner or later. -Alexa Jarboe (®(© ��V M \ KrnnJInTnln^ 「 「 4A < T A P H n u n r O O O IOI D O IOI O O O O O O P O 0 Go ahead, start drawing! �Upward Bound Word Search a h c a f e t p k t p z t m n o r k v y m a r q g g r r t d j t t o b b l n V I D E O G A M E S S T R N V S S M E O D A S T D A S T education memories upward bound friends knowledge classmates coffee house dorm room starfbx z U B Y Y D E Y Y S M B E G o Y K E R s E u p u Y T L K z s p K L N Y R p T o N B B N M N T D J B p K c o w E U H U U M R Y u R A F U O B Q T K R I o o D Y J p Y n c l t m o a e — e r i D y N n u o c B o Df Rf Ae We e — D D S O S D L M H R r e p s m o y t r s F L A p R E D L V T K R c Y N M o N z o R M B N C G N R S Z Y o G B L s o B E K N U I O O O G V S R B K E V N T M A c o o B D T H M w N X D cafeteria food mario act samus sat kirby more than you know N A L Q o G T M E R F V w J D E R E Y J M M A M T T N L T p c T M I D Y A N L X L L donkey kong technology video games college control your destiny study lab homework submissions literature magazine �������� Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Upward Bound Lit Journals, 1981-2016 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Provost's Office Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1981-2016 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource PDF Type The nature or genre of the resource Journal Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Upward Bound Lit Journal 2015 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Provost's Office Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2015 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource PDF Type The nature or genre of the resource Journal https://omeka.wilkes.edu/omeka/files/original/e93a30db6102bf6b91f0d1602af6e735.pdf e423ce102824b1ad16f542f40616c8cc PDF Text Text �Dear Upward Bound Students, Our Disney theme for summer 2016, “In Upward Bound, if you dream it, you can do it" is very befitting for this class. You took the first step in joining Upward Bound, which shows that you are not only thinking and dreaming about your future goals, but you are also committed to making your educational goals a reality. You have made the choice to spend six weeks of your summer with UB. Our choices are what enable us to tell the world who we are, and you are Upward Bound! Through your participation on your teams: Lilo and Stitch, Toy Story, Tarzan, Narnia, and Madagascar, you have developed the social skills of compromise, collaboration, and open-mindedness. Through your rigorous academic program, you have developed the skills of discipline, dedication, and perseverance. These attributes are going to serve you well in school, as well as in life. I hope this summer has helped you recognize all of your individual strengths and has also given you the courage to build upon this great foundation. To quote Winnie the Pooh, "You're braver than you believe, stronger than you seem, and smarter than you think!" This quote applies to all of our students. I hope you know that you are special and capable of greatness. You were stretched out of your comfort zone and have had tremendous individual growth. I have watched you transform before my eyes. Thank you for letting me be a part of your remarkable summer. I cannot wait to see your dreams come true; they do not require magic, only tenacity. Always believe in yourself because the best is yet to come! Best wishes, Mrs. Dawn Harding Director, Upward Bound ��“If you can dream it. you can do it!" -Walt Disney IfvouTe thinkins thinking of an animated movie, ihe^s the^s a good chance it was produced producea by Dy the tne • Company. ~As of July _ Walt Disney 2016, the 〜 Disney Company knc has rAipncpd pleased X/ nnimatea movies, :［慕i=tZe reality of live action with the fantasy world of 258 live action films. 18 movies -------------------.,, animation. The Disney Company has also released 15 "True-Life Adventures f Disneynaiurc movies and 11 documentaries fora grand total of 389 movies that have made billions of dollars w over the 92 years since the company's creation. All of this began with one man. Walter Elias Disney, better known as simply Walt Disney, was bom on December 5th, 1901 in Chicago, Illinois. Disney s drawing career technicallv began at four years old when he and his family moved to the farmlands of Marceline, Missouri. There he was p^d to draw a horse for a neighbor. Little Disney developed a love for drawins and practiced by copying the illustrations of the cartoonist Ryan Walker. Disney found Walker's illustrations on the front page of the newspaper the Appeal io Reason. Disney's family moved to Kansas City, Missouri when he was ten years old. There he attended the Benton Grammar School where he met a student by the name of Walter Pfeiffer. Pfeiffer and his family were interested in theatre and movies and soon Disney developed an interest in those subjects, too. Disney got his unofficial start with a drawing of a neighbor's horse at four years old, but his lifelong career really started to take shape when he decided to attend art school and became a commercial illustrator at just eighteen years of age. The company that Walt Disney started has released 389 movies as of July 1st, 2016 and there's still more a lot more to come! There are 25 movies with release dales planned through 2020 and 36 movies with release dates that have yet to be determined. The company that Walt Disney started has been around since 1923. Disney's movies earned him a total of 22 Academy Awards from 59 nominations, 3 Golden Globe Awards, and 1 Emmy Award. He also had the honors of being involved in the planning of the 1959 Moscow Fair and the 1960 Winter Olympics. There are 13 Disney Parks in the world. It is now 2016 and Disney's company is still growing. You can do anything you want to do. You can become anything you want to be. If you can drcam it, you can do it! Follow those dreams! Make them come true! You never know whal you can do! —1 L" 5 1 7 �������A Short Story What do you expect to get out of the next six weeks? To be honest, I came to Upward Bound with no goal or expectations of the It was a beautiful summer evening out over the swamp near New Orleans. — ---hangout for ■' the ' kids and* ■teens - was packed with boys and girls galore, all The local laughing and yelling. Little did they know that danger hid just below the surface of the swamps waters. The multiple fires around the docks and surrounding shore did not penetrate the dark waters of the swamp. No human has ever seen the creature and lived to tell. That was going to change very soon. program. Almost anytime I had tried to talk to those who did the program before me, all they wanted to talk about was the food. After seeing what Upward Bound was all about and what they offer, I can confidently say that I now have some goals. My first goal is to well at my Career Mentorship at Wilkes Radio. I hope to gain experience that will help me in both my military and college careers. Another Mezue and his friends Tony and Tyler were at the swamp docks that fateful night They were there because all the teens went and it was firn. Mezue brought his dog. Snoop, with him. In the middle of a game of fetch, Tyler threw the stick being used out onto the waters past shore. As Snoop paddled in the waters to retrieve the stick, Tony noticed ripples in the water beyond where anyone else was swimming. He got scared and got the other two to get Snoop away. Suddenly, the strange ripples sped up and sloshed water up to where Snoop had just got his stick. He began to howl as something grasped his legs and pulled him under the waters. All the kids saw this and they all started to leave the water, running and screaming towards town. Mezue, Tony, and Tyler stayed to try to save Snoop. one of my goals is to help my fellow peers in this program. This may include As they got close to where Snoop went under, Tyler seized by fear in what he saw under the water. There would be — 3 no saving Snoop. The creature that had him was a hideous monster.「 ’,body of and eel, but the legs of a spider. The It ' had'the 以受黑气两吧呼ranticall"ack to shore, but Tyler got a cramp i^his'leg' Tony and Mezue didn't notice [d kept going. By time they noticed, it was too late t0 swim back and get him. They just barely ------made it- back to the shore in time to make it to the police officers the other kids ___ . went to get. As they sat there mourning the loss of Snoop, they remember the creature had legs and could walk - — —— MiiC on the shore. Thai's when the screams started. It has been awhile since I started the program and I am happy to say I've Antonio Carey academic or personal problems. I hate seeing others troubled and this program will give me a chance to become a better-rounded, likeable guy. I never really had tons of friends. Overall, my goals for this program is to prepare me for the adult world with academic, business, and social skills. I find myself to be lucky to be here. Many others do not have the same opportunities. After 5 weeks... completed my goals for the most part. This program really helped me to do so. ����A Disney Princess made me ... The next 6 Weeks Week 1 Once upon a time in a faraway land lived a princess named snow white. One day she was walking through the forest and stumbled What do I expect to get out of the next six weeks is college upon an little old lady, the old lady offered snow white an apple as she experience? In my mind the upward bound program gives one of couldn't refuse she took a huge bite of the apple, but soon after she knew the most college like experiences out there. From living on something was wrong she was dizzy and fell as soon as she fell she saw campus to the classes, the upward bound program is going to be the old lady turn into the evil queen, snow white fighting to stay awake great. asked what was going on. The evil queen told her that she was cursed and the only way to break it is true loves kiss, after reviling her plan she disappeared. Snow white now in tranced in sleep was now hopelessly waiting for the kiss. A month later the kiss happened as snow white awoke she was in the arms of a beautiful prince, but her happiness was soon ruined as the evil queen reappeared, seeing that snow white had awoke , she became enraged , so she banish snow white from the land. Snow white now found herself in a new land. After looking around she thought it was a new kingdom, the Kingdom of Wilkes University. After meeting up with a kind young man named Tyler he told her what the kingdom was and what he is doing there. After he explained the upward bound program she loved it and decided to stay and continue with it, after the program she went to Wilkes to study chemistry to defend her land from the likes of the evil queen. Week 6 I was right, it was amazing. I got to make new friends, learn new things and get college experience. -Tyler �Dreams, Hopes. Goals By; Thalia Charles Madagascar What hope, an What is is a a dream, dream, a a hope, an aspiration? aspiration? What What do do we call people who have hopes ail j上 gg? Dreamers, 二云二，the and intuitive — mover and shaker that shape the and dreams? "curious -- ---------------------wo rid. Unfortunately, society has invested a lot of time trying to deter the dreamers and revolutionaries of our time from pursuing our paths. But let me warn you, when the dreamers stopped dreaming, all of our lives will lose purpose. If we are lucky, at an early age, our parents instill us the drive to set goals. But if that nurturing presence isn!t there, we dream anyway. Boredom and childlike naivete feels that presence. I never dreamed more when my parents supported my future dreams When I was younger, I hoped to become a famous singer one day. That dream wasn't active, 1 wasn't posting videos on YouTube to get discovered or anything. It was more of a childhood dream that I wanted to accomplish. But one day, a couple of weeks ago. 1 woke up and realized that my main childhood was vanquished. I suppose I forgot that dream because I moved onto more "practical dreams." Such as becoming a doctor, therapist, nurse practitioner, or doctor (again). That's how I define it, but others might say, ^Thalia, you simply grew up." Thus lies the problem, at the ages of 15,16,17, and even 18, we should still be allowed to have impractical dreams. Such as being a King, a famous singer, a NBA player, etc. But when I, at the age of 16, have to start defining what I want to do with the rest of my life and working towards that, my "impractical dreams" die. Along with the other ones, I gave up or forgot my singing dreams long ago. Those Frivolous' aspirations kept me animated: I loved to sing. I gave up my singing career in the pursuit of security and stability in a definite, achievable occupation. Society cannot and will not tolerate those with the unbreakable spirit of imagination and blind ambition. I lost my life when I lost my purpose, but I've regained both, much to the chagrin of societal norms. When dreamers stop dreaming, all of their lives lose purpose. Let's take my case. Music brings many things, such as comfort, a sense of belonging, and purpose, to people. What if I could've made music to remedy a broken heart or empower others, but I gave it up to become get a "career"? I could've reached and united someone, but because I adhered to conformity, songs were never written and hearts were never reached. So now, I solemnly sv/ear that I will give every dream, “practical" or "impractical", its day in the sun. I can't be too certain if I'm dreaming for myself or someone else. 买K9&泌，©0^®5ng? SaraKg SlblSKg。履 K0 K Itewe旧。1魂江幽s Wfco H@@ds sB@@p 翊血e> gw@s fe©Ip 也e> 0*£fe@rs 翊0。腹。。fs王Ba王但眇『■『ik worfd Wfj© W00M HK@ fe see 也膈 @膈。丑 Kadicel Wfo© lUwes Ew TooBe ����������-suddenly trapped here at When aa Disney is si Mioi icy princess/prince •• --------- - r . Upward Bound, tell a story of his/her experience, or Wilkes write any advice you would give them. A seemingly normal day at Upward Bound was turned upside down when they got a special visitor. Asl walked in the lounge I could not believe my eyes. There she was! Cinderella! Having no memory of how she got here, or how to get home, we all decided she could stay. We all showed her the ropes and one by one gave her advice. First off, we made sure to tell her to get plenty of sleep. Then, we said to get all her homework done. Lastly, we reminded her to have fun! The end. -Shyanne Wydo If I could be any Disney character, I would be Mulan for her strength and her brevity. During her time, women were to have a husband chosen by a matchmaker and live a comfortable life. But instead, because of the threat of war, Mulan took her father's place of fighting and took the role of a warrior so that her father may rest easy. Additionally, because she brought dishonor to her family from the matchmaking accident, she would make it up by risking her life to protect her people. Overall, she defied the stereotype of women during her time and shielded her family from the danger that would have definitely fallen upon them in return for the honor she lost. By: Kimberly Rodriguez Team Toy Story �All about me Shyanne Quiet, smart, nerdy Who is a sibling of many Who loves her best friend Who needs more sleep Who gives advice Who fears bugs Who wants to see her cousin Who lives in Hanover Wydo A cool, windy breeze blows from the north and disturbs the sea, which chases the wind but fail to grasp its invisible strength, leaving the sea to rise and fall against the rough, uneven shore and shake the boats at the docks. Every night ifs the same, and every night I come to rest and breathe it all in and slowly let it out. Not far from the shore lies a lighthouse, guiding the lost home with its solid rays of hope, security, and comfort so that the boats can return to the docks where it belongs, anchored in safety so it doesn't float away. And while I stand on this shore, my feet sinking in the sand under the salty, cool water, which frequently retreats and then rises again to lick my feet, I feel like a boat which is lost at sea. When waves get rough and shoves the boat in anger, I hope to find a beacon of hope flashing right at me. I hope to see this ray so that I may be guided home, to where I originate from and to a place where I may find the calm sea where I can find myself again. I stand here every night, taking in the noise of the waves' splash, breathing in the foreign air, and I wait and wish that one day I, too, shall find and chase the light to reach a dock of hope, security, and comfort. By: A member of Team Story ��Calculating Goals . •help ')on math homework and I remember when my friend always, asked. for •. -— —• all the concepts. She couldn't see the logic always being confused on a . behind the numbers, nor could she reason why. However, I do recall her excelling in in geometry and understanding most complex concept. even tthe -- -----------，. The reason she couldn't do algebra but be a savant in geometry confused me, but I then figured out why. In geometry, everything tends to be drawn out and easily proven by tangible objects and demonstrations, whereas algebra is mostly abstract thinking and conceptual. So when she went into algebra II and once again struggled and asked for help, I came up with a way to help her that went with her visual and kinesthetic learning preference. Every day, I would get legos, blocks, wire, and markers in my room and set up the whiteboard and my laptop. Once she came over, I explained the concept to her in details. I took everything apart into digestible bits in which she could easily digest. I also modeled certain things for her so that she may visually and sometimes tangibly know the difference and make better connections. We*d do graphs and she would use the wires to make the different shapes of the parabolas, and use vending machines as prime examples for functions. Of course, it was a somewhat tedious process as she struggled at first, but I then began to see the tremendous improvement with her progress. When school was over and she ended algebra II with a grade of 98, she told me that she really appreciated my help with her algebra II work and that because of our sessions, she achieved her goal of understanding algebra and making it through the year with more confidence. By: Kimberly Rodriguez Team Toy Story By: Kimberly Rodriguez �When I initially began Upward Bound, I thought I expected to get additional help)on my schoolwork and understand concepts that I didn't understand in my home school. I also expected it to be like my homeschool and be left alone to so that if I wanted to grow, rd have to find the courage and time to do it myself. However, once I came to stay in the summer, I was forced to participate in activities so that I may actually grow and develop the social skills and communication skills I lacked. I didn't like it (still don't), but 1 do see improvement in myself and I do feel more comfortable and at ease around my peers during team meetings or activities. I did receive more help and have a better understanding on the concepts behind what 1 was previously taught. I was also shown how to think in order to get a certain conclusion or answer and other skills that go beyond academics. It was what I expected, but it did exceed my expectations. By: Kimberly Rodriguez Team Toy Story Acrostic Team Poem T rusting Openly affectionate Youthful Striving for greatness Tearn work Optimistic Respectful to each other Yearning for some fun Members: Nicole, Shyanne, Bradley, Tyler, Kaleb, James, Olivia, Kimberly, and TC Tim ����������������I Love Thee When I say to thee - I love thee 一 Love thee as the day is long Without thee, Or without song srT" -Zz The bird in younder treeThen you knowest I love thee. d be Dumbo. He is my favorite animal, plus he is so cute. Dumbo is also different from other elephants, in in the beginning he was treated unfair. But as time passed by, Dumbo got friends to help him out and felt less like an outcast. His situation is similar to my personality. I feel like an outcast but I have people around me that would make me open out more. Didst thou but know how wrong Thy withheld smile. How wrong My hopes of all eternity When that but you would call. Then love and love alone - were all. And heaven's promise would I miss Sunk in the Lethe of thy kiss. Jasmine Andrade-Hernandez -C.B Markarius Suggested by Dylan White ����All About You Mezue Lovable, humorous, caring, intelligent Sibling of 1 I love myself, my family, and, my friends Who feels the spirit Who needs the love Who gives the love Who fears death Who would like to see himself as an entrepreneurial millionaire Who lives in Hanover Township, PA Eneh T]he ID 袖nwy Pid皿 ce㈱ Made A princess Made me cry Oh Why Oh Why At midday On a blue sky Because she broke my heart And said goodbye ��Claws n5 Paws Story Me is 士c二 土£ ezdzng of a short stoiy.] 'in die forest. The boy was hoping for sis les： 二？ somewhere near shore. His body was szikizg M己 ic ±e riis and he was trying to grasp every bit of b bin he was in dire need of shelter and some food. He could see Lie 三二己r 二三 ze v/as reaching the boat which contained a 一二zz bzcLs. 2 zlsshlighL wire and a pail. He jumped inside 七 •三±e —- be a: zo shake a bit almost making him fall. The boy hss sheered io ±e dock where he used the rope to tie to the 二二 cn lie nesh new boots he had found, then he 2 zeise 二三 he yelled out in hopes that it was his dog. but ze rece? ed ； w 2 howling sound. They boy was terrified, so .e 三匚二 A±er sometime had passed, he went 、己2T二 zerzis deg cn ihe other side of the forest. He was 二 ±e docks when he saw the wolf with its yellow 7 ~~— 2~ M. * —ghi. They boy without a thought ran for his M二 二；二 i hole where he fell into a swamp. He jumped z:? rec:七 v.hen he realized he was completely s z 二 here else. He :ek so down、crying into palms, thinking he 三]三、Mg when he heard a sudden bark. He ked . his face and overcome with joy. He saw —,-：- 一 -二—• -i W- 一 So once upon a time, I, the Gibbon monkey, was chilling in my pen with my long arms swinging around the tree minding my own business. These human adventurers came across in my territory and one was crying that their parents were heavily injured, so the others were trying cheer her up. I felt some type of strange connection to the one who was crying and I started to feel so bad for her. I started to sing and make noises trying to console her, but all the humans started oohing back at me. I was so confused, because I didn't know what was going on, but I went along with it. I started to sing again some of my favorite tunes and the humans sang along with me from the melody. The girls face was filled with exuberance and I was overcome with joy. The music filled the zoo and went all across the land. The humans were happy and so was I and it ended happily ever after. By: Mezue �[Describe an experience where you were unsuccessful in and achieving your goal. What lesson did you learn?] The The ““experience" experience" II would would say say comes comes from school. The ©qjerience is failing a test because we all have done it I m guessing, ’1have our own because I hope I，ni not the only one. 一 We each standards. For me, anything under a 90 at times can feel like:a feihire especially when I have high hopes on a test. What I learned is M maybe I could have tried to study a bit more than I did, so I could understaiid what I was doing on the test, because it sucks to stare at a test witii a blank mind or where you can't remember what you studied for. [What advice would you after to student just starting his/her high school career?] Ifs that time of year again, back to school! Now, I have to give you guys some advice. My advice is to have as much fun as you can. Take time to 由 things through especially when you are stressed. I would suggest talking to someone you trust. You won't believe how fest high school goes by. I'm a junior next year and it feels like freshman year was a couple months again. Take everything you do very serious, because sometimes you might surprise yourself No dream, goal, or vision is too big. If you truly want it, you have to go and get it There will be obstacles, but you have to know how to deal with Take those little tiny steps to get that long-term goaL Be the best you can be during your high school career. Mezue Eneh A • 《一1 /; 1 r 、、 广、 \ [I �[Tell a story that illustrates (directly/indirectly) the type of person you are.] - Mezue There was once a kid who liked to think and dream and for someone reason he knew the dreams would come true. Though sometinies there were some kinks he had to work throughout his life. He liked to be around people who liked to be around him. Woah! Woah! Woah! Hold up! Why does this sound like some chHdiah story that is all true, but come on. Here is how it should be. That kid is me and my name is Mezue Eneh. I like many things especially the future, because it has so many possibilities. I like the person who I have become and I appreciate the struggles that got me here even tiiough it might have sucked at times. I like to think that I will have everything I have ever wanted for myself It is a very fiilfiUing feeling and I can't wait for it to be true. [Tmagme you have written a 400 page autobiography of your life to Ais paint What would p. 150 say?] Welcome to Chapter 4, my friend. I'm very happy you could make it This is Mezue's conscience and he deeply appreciates you could make it here. I hoped you like the creative twist. Ifs always nice to change things for the better. Mezue, I would say is a people persoiL In short terms, he likes people and people like him. I don't see why not I ±ink he is very interesting if you get to see his mind and his perspective. Trust me I would know! *wink* Mezue loves that you are willing to read this especially paying your money for it, solhe would ...... ................................. like^to p-ovide you with that Mezue knowledge. I hope you continue and enjoy the rest of the book, becaus^ thisdiiid is realist (I would say so). In the pages to come, you will get the rest of Mezu矿 s life and the words of wisdom from the people especiaHy Mezue's the women. Mezue's consciousness, out! - Mezue What do yom expect to get omit of the nest 6 weeks? In the next six weeks, I hope to have a great time as much as I can with new people from different backgrounds and stories. In my literary magazine class, it can help me get better with my writing skills which essential for writing papers in college or for a new career venture. This class will be a valuable thing to have as an experience throughout the entire summer. I hope to get every ounce of this experience that will help me later in life. Reflection: The six weeks have been an enlightening experience for me. It has showed me how college life could be and how t would play out. It showed me how to manage my time and relationships and directed me towards my priorities in life. It was a great way to spend my summer and it was great to meet people that I have seen before and some that I would've never known. I meet some friends that I will keep throughout my entire high school career and maybe life. The literary magazine class was an experience that I shall keep and I acquired great knowledge which I really liked. I am gratefill for this Upward Bound encounter, because I have connections with the teachers and the staffl Mezue ������ Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Upward Bound Lit Journals, 1981-2016 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Provost's Office Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1981-2016 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource PDF Type The nature or genre of the resource Journal Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Upward Bound Lit Journal 2016 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Provost's Office Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2016 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource PDF Type The nature or genre of the resource Journal https://omeka.wilkes.edu/omeka/files/original/8cd1698252ff46c9d52b29c3a83d2c06.pdf 5a3f1a32c700b7eb593fd5f5593b0059 PDF Text Text ■ I ■ i ? * '. . �I —------ -7-— ------------- - I THEAS!®8 1 EUGENE room '■ ■ -EWS-tETi ; | : '/a' FARLEY LIB V, ' volJQCNo^ ° WILKES COLLEGE, WILKES-BARRE, PENNA~ HELLO AGAIN The I. R- A. NEWS-LETTER resumes regular monthly publication with this issue, following an 18-month suspension resulting from com­ plete destruction of equipment, public affairs library, and mailing lists. Ironically, the last issue' was at the printer being readied for mailing on the morning of June 23, 1972. Because the College has always considered the Institute of Regional Affairs and its News-Letter as a primary opportunity for community service, it gave high priority to restoration and improvement of its equipment and library. The main reason, therefore, for the long delay in resuming publication of the NEWS-LETTER was the difficult task of compiling and preparing a completely new mailing list and address plates. The last issue was to be mailed to more than 2,600 public officials, community leaders, public and university libraries, and friends of the College nationwide. The NEWS-LETTER staff appreciates the many inquiries from previous recipients who missed it since the Flood, especially those outside of the affected area who were naturally not aware of the extent of the havoc. We apologize to those former readers who may have been inadvertently missed on our new mailing list and invite current readers to help us restore them to our files. We also hope that new recipients will find the NEWS-LETTER of mterest and value. So, we say hello again to our old friends and welcome to the new. MC.We should also emphasize that, unlike the NEWS-LETTER, Wilkes College and the Institute 'self have never ceased to function despite the , andicaps of the flood and recovery effort, th A' effort, in fact, has been greater man ever. Although most traditional services thr ac,'v'f'es continued uninterrupted, the main a„U,t.°f activities has been recovery oriented, arth'..IS first issue for 1974 reflects. These novJ les deePly involved I.R.A. in both citizen, tinn rnrnental, and quasi-governmental associa"ons and agencies. The NEWS-LETTER may ha1 but not out! Like the Valley and people, it has come back! I.R.A. STAFFS RECOVERY The Flood Recovery Task undoubtedly the most unique organization to be born as a confusion and helplessness immediate flood emergency. > action agency, the Task Force v by community leaders to assist Federal, State, and Local el recovery and to ensure that | were available to fill gaps i program. Having taken the lead in attention of the Federal and St; on the dimensions of the disas inadequacy of existing legislatior effectively, this group gave un efforts within the terms and c< Economic Development Adminis deal with urgent and immediat well as those more future-oriente Paralyzed as it was with its c Wilkes College determined to traditional community service offering the services of the Instit Affairs as the Task Force’s adn This was done by loaning the I.R.A. Director, its facilities am duration of the Task Force’s mar tration, formerly quartered in the was moved in recent months tc offices in Franklin Hall. Although the Task was in t virtually every activity during emergency period, its mandate both immediate and future-orient direct action with governmental numerous to delineate here, its to be most significant in fiv defined by EDA: program in (1) Develop a p'"2 Valley to provide -—c't'z leadership for o7the the future redevelopment floo (continued on next p; �I EUGENZ ■ volTxxTno^i ° — FARLEY LIBRARY .____ WILKES COLLEGE, WILKES-BARRE, PENNA. HELLO AGAIN The I. R- A. NEWS-LETTER resumes regular monthly publication with this issue, following an 18-month suspension resulting from com­ plete destruction of equipment, public affairs library, and mailing lists. Ironically, the last issu^ was at the printer being readied for mailing on the morning of June 23, 1972. Because the College has always considered the Institute of Regional Affairs and its News-Letter as a primary opportunity for community service, it gave high priority to restoration and improvement of its equipment and library. The main reason, therefore, for the long delay in resuming publication of the NEWS-LETTER was the difficult task of compiling and preparing a completely new mailing list and address plates. The last issue was to be mailed to more than 2,600 public officials, community leaders, public and university libraries, and friends of the College nationwide. The NEWS-LETTER staff appreciates the many inquiries from previous recipients who missed it since the Flood, especially those outside of the affected area who were naturally not aware of the extent of the havoc. We apologize to those former readers who maY have been inadvertently missed on our new mailing list and invite current readers to help us restore them to our files. We also hope that new recipients will find the NEWS-LETTER of interest and L_, we ... say hello : — value. So, again to °ur old friends and welcome to the; new. . should also emphasize that, unlike the NEWS-LETTER, Wilkes College and the Institute 'self have never ceased to function despite the handicaps of the flood and recovery effort. ,H'A. staff effort, in fact, has been greater an^1 ever' Although most traditional services thn activities continued uninterrupted, the main as hL0' activities has been recovery oriented, anti, .!S first issue for 1974 reflects. These q0 1 l6S deePly involved I.R.A. in both citizen, tlnn rrirnental, and quasi-governmental associa°ns and agencies. I ° FEB. 15, 1974 The NEWS-LETTER may have been down, but not out! Like the Valley and its courageous people, it has come back! I.R.A. STAFFS RECOVERY TASK FORCE The Flood Recovery Task Force, Inc. is undoubtedly the most unique and productive organization to be born as a result of the confusion and helplessness during the immediate flood emergency. A catalytic and action agency, the Task Force was incorporated by community leaders to assist and coordinate Federal, State, and Local efforts in flood recovery and to ensure that proper agencies were available to fill gaps in the recovery program. Having taken the lead in focusing the attention of the Federal and State governments on the dimensions of the disaster, and on the inadequacy of existing legislation to deal with it effectively, this group gave unity to recovery efforts within the terms and conditions of its Economic Development Administration grant to deal with urgent and immediate problems, as well as those more future-oriented. Paralyzed as it was with its own devastation, Wilkes College determined to adhere to its traditional community service dedication by offering the services of the Institute of Regional Affairs as the Task Force’s administrative arm. This was done by loaning the services of the I.R.A. Director, its facilities and staff for the duration of the Task Force’s mandate. Adminis­ tration, formerly quartered in the Sterling Hotel, was moved in recent months to the Institute’s offices in Franklin Hall. Although the Task was in the forefront of virtually ", every yj activity during the immediate —its mandate frr from EDA is emergency period, both immediateo and future-oriented,'. Involved in cn with agencies too direct action v.’tL governmental 3------ =, to delineate here, its '** work ’’ continues numerous t_ five major areas • -----1 in to be most significant defined by EDA: (1) Develop a program in the Wyoming Valley to provide citizen input and leadership for the future planning and redevelopment of the flood-stricken com(continued on next page) �--, of of the me Interior andana | Chairman uuenur |nsu|ar Environment,' a/. Committee on the Environment, ^dffairs Co-sponsors. and3 15 OF REGIONAL AFFAIRS institute NEWSLETTER VOL. XX FEB. 15, 1974 NO. 1 This News-letter, published monthly as a community service, originates in the Institute of Regional Affairs of Wilkes College. Notes and inquiries may be addressed to Director, Institute of Regional Affairs Wilkes College, WilkesBarre, Pennsylvania 18703. Subscription free upon request. munities and provide assistance to them in ascertaining their future rehabilitation needs. (2) Coordinate the efforts of each munici­ pality in the flood-stricken area of the Valley in their planning and development for the rehabilitation and future of the area. (3) Provide assistance to political sub­ divisions of the Valley to solve problems relating to government structure, the development of efficient government and maximum coordinated services, and the erosion of the tax base as a result of Hurricane Agnes Flood. (4) Aid in expediting reconstruction and construction of highways, bridges, cross­ valley expressway, and mass transporta­ tion systems for the Valley. (5) Develop additional resources, including financial, technical assistance and others, to aid flood-stricken victims. In providing such technical assistance, first priority is to be given to those problems which will result in immediate or near-term restoration of jobs. All work is coordinated with the Federal disaster and re|ated efforts mj;...- public and private. 11. sslrorce Fc5e ,has 1 :■ a ;iasK has dramatized dramatized the value of a single coordination agency agency to to meet the exigencies of “brush fire” type problems, such as overwhelmed the Valley during the flood period. But, more than that, its emphasis now cr future-oriented areas extends the conviction of the correlation of local community actions through a permanent organization modeled on its structure and action areas. STRIP MINE reclamation -1 bill proposed [egulajng sJda* ^ants to states for ^"nmg operations and -nd„ reclamation of Proposed by p n‘H' Representative 50-.. 0-’ haS been Morris Udall, M"«aCS™OnH R The The bill would establish an Abandt Reclamation lamation ruuu F^nd„anu and( auuiuiue ®tuhth°rize mo 540 minute ■ initial operation, with open-ended n f°r thereafter. ~ Grants ------------would be -----------'available . s .ending lc ' t0 state! with approved programs for up to 90% of the costs for the purchase and reclamation abandoned and unreclaimed mined ;T =1 Of Beginning in 1975 with $10 million an®8' qrants would increase yearly for teohnnnual assistance and administration and enfom^ICal of state programs. erTleN The bill would authorize states wm. approved programs to designate land a7' h which are unsuitable for surface minin® operations because of critical environmental9 historical concern, incompatibility with exists land-use plans, or if the areas are natural hazards or renewable resource land areas These states would be authorized to issue permits for surface mining operations only to persons agreeing to carry out an approved state or federal reclamation plan for the operations covered in the permit. I.R.A. PERSONNEL CLEARING HOUSE The need for professionally trained personnel to administer the increasingly complex opera­ tions of local government in the Wyoming Valley has long been recognized. At the time of the Flood, however, little progress had been made in this direction, probably partly because of the large number of small size local jurisdictions involved. The dire results of the lack of trained administrative and supervisory personnel were thrust home by the local government efforts during the Flood and in the weeks and months of the recovery period. The Economic Development Administration recognized the handicap to prompt and effective recovery effort without the know-how of trainee administrative personnel on a fulltime basis. One of its earliest actions was to establish Clearing House for Municipal Personnel, t designated the Institute of Regional Affairs serve as the Clearing House on the basis of past record of personnel training and its> fulltime professionally trained admini st staff. I.R.A. not only assisted local °^ic'cih|e recruit qualified candidates for res,P° jo administrative positions, but continues orovide mnncal tn such Om 01 provide counsel and assistance to such 0 , te(Jj and personnel. Much of its effort was (ors to the work of the local C°-°rd 1 riiy throughout the Valley who were Pf'"'ing concerned with funding and admin programs of recovery. Activity in this recovery quartered in the I.R.A.’s Franklin Hall tor, nder the direction of the Institutes D , 0 Andrew Shaw, Jr. His staff consi% aPd Mrs. Teresa McDonald, Walter H. Nieh° "hilip R. Tuhy. A NEW WAY TO REDUCE BLIGHT urban renewal, public housing, and Model , . _ have been the principal tools for reducing Criminating urban blight since the fifties. °r orally restricted to areas of concentrated i nh in cities, these programs involve complex b ionization and procedures and are subject to Sta led and oft-times confusing standards and nntrols by three levels of government, admittedly, their success has been spotty and rontroversial. Among other criticisms, projects *2 a massive scale, and generally restricted to rties do not reach blighted homes scattered Ire and there throughout a community. It is also charged that such projects do not satisfy the common desire to enjoy ownership of single family residences. The 19th century practice of homesteading has been proposed, and is currently in the trial stage in Philadelphia and Wilmington. In an effort to develop the west, the Homestead Act gave free land to settlers who would live on the property and develop it for a given period of years. Representative William D. Hutchinson, Schuylkill County, has introduced legislation, based on the Philadelphia and Wilmington experiments, to extend the principle of home­ steading to the free acquisition of blighted homes which have been abandoned and acquired by municipalities for whatever reason. Under the proposed legislation, titled the Urban Homesteading Act of 1974, abandoned property would be offered free, or for a minimal cost, to an individual provided “he lives in the property for five years and brings it up to the municipal housing code standards within 18 months of receiving a conditional deed”. At the end of the five-year period, a clear title would be given to the homesteader. The homesteading idea is intended primarily to provide still another tool in the struggle against urban blight. A secondary effect, however, in many ways is the one with the greatest impact for our cities. Individuals who would benefit primarily by this type of program are those low and moderate income families who cannot meet the high down payments in to-day’s realty market, and who cannot easily handle the monthly principal and interest payments. Perhaps the concept offers some hope to smaller municipalities who have been largely eft behind in the anti-blight programs. Here ne problems of decay and blight are not as extensive as in the larger communities, and are, thu ore' more susceptible to solution through e homesteading” concept. TAKE IT ALL OFF! time of the year when we ought nJ i do" our hats to that most maligned “mployee of our urban communities — the 2°w clearance crewman. Instead, we are prone overlook the exhausting nature of his work, sStxreSSstS arr'H d e’ °r Jhink’ the last time a plow accidently pushed street snow back onto your recently cleared sidewalk or driveway? What when you cleared a place to park only to have c ep? °W °n a second run block you against the Perhaps only a personal experience as a crewman can make the urban dweller under­ stand the responsibilities and complexities faced by these workers and the officials who supervise the operations. Snow clearance is undoubtedly the most expensive, exhausting, exasperating, and frustrating single municipal service. A thousand factors, unrecognized by those of us who handle only a single shovel on a single sidewalk, combine to make each snow clearance a unique operation. Not the least of these factors is the sometime liability of the municipality for injury to persons or property for things done improperly, or forgotten under the stress of the operation. As a matter of fact, such a situation occurred in the Borough of Norristown in which the Borough was successfully sued for $7,000.00. In the case of Phelan v. Norristown Borough, the plaintiff, while attempting to cross a side street at an intersection (most difficult to plow), was injured as a result of a fali on a mound of snow and ice thrown up when the Borough plowed the intersection. In the original suit in the Montgomery Court, the Borough contested its liability on the ground that a municipality is not liable for injury to a person who falls upon an accumulation of snow and ice in a roadway resulting from natural conditions. The Borough cited as support a decision in Solinsky v. Wilkes-Barre in 1953. This local case held that --------- ,------ , may . be held liable only for a„ municipality injuries resulting from an artificial accumulation of snow and ice. The Montgomery' case designated the accumulation as "artificial" since the fall occurred on a mound which was ___exist _________ This allowed to a week after the snowfall. considered enouah time to put the Borough onS notice" of the danger created by its ■ ' ” ”3 own employees. ■-„n appealed 1to the Pennsylvania Norristown which in mid-1973, upheld the Superior Court v.h:ch claim against the Borough. It is interesting to note that the Superior Court did not uphold Norristown's contention that Phelan was guilty of contributory negligence because "he had allegedly tested a known danger". The higher court ruled that even though a person has prior knowledge of a defect, “it does not follow that he must avoid that defect to reach his destination". This case is not mentioned here to suggest (continued on next page) 2 135932 �that every resident of the area should bring suit against a municipality for a fall on a neglected mound of snow. It does suggest that perhaps against the mound was not completely removed ' of the persistent pressures of citizens mound ___r and faster clearance operations which because < , lead to very expensive neglect on the part for faster may I—of an crew. Weover-worked doff our hats to the snow snow crews crews in the liav^ to forgive and forget their Valley and urge them them to forgive irritated but well-meaning critics. We urge them to make less haste and "take it all off"! off”! haste and JD LOW-RENT HUD MANUALS AVAILABLE HOUSING I... Three handbooks on low-rent public housing have been issued and are available to appropriate officials through HUD. One is on low-rent public housing, another on low-rent housing applications, program reservation ano preliminary loans processing instructions, and preliminary the third on the low-rent public housing turnkey method. The first handbook (7400.1) contains general information and certain requirements and procedures which pertain to all low-rent public housing programs. It contains policies and procedures in effect as of September 30, 1973. The second (7405.2) reflects the consolida­ tion of issuances containing area office procedures for processing low-rent public housing applications, program reservations and preliminary loans, for coordinating low-rent public housing production and renewal assistance activities and for amending preliminary loan contracts. It contains rules regulations and policy matters as of September 30, 1973. The third (7425.1) reflects the organizational changes resulting from the establishment of regional andchanges area offices and the incorporates procedural affecting Turnkey that have been issued since method the pertinent policies and rerJ97°•I970- ItIt includes the provisions of the n for carrying out Assistance and Real DUnifoi Relocation Policies Act of 1970. Pr°Perty Acquisition &ti I. R a. JOINS HANDS WITH SRBa The Susquehanna River Basin Associm; organized early in the 60 s for flood control °n' use development of the entire length Of .Td great river basin, was given a massive SnUrth,is action by the tragic effects of the long nPU' of this river resulting from the “greatest nat ~ disaster in American History”. ia’ural Concerned in the past with promotion considerable number of river developmental actions with the aid of the Federal and st,.1 agencies, the Agnes disaster made it appa™ that there was an immediate need to reshuffle former priorities. Consequently, among if, other continuing activities, flood control is now the number one priority within the river basin Here, too, the Institute of Regional Affairs which had been involved in Association activity from its inception, was selected as its quarters* and its staff designated to provide all administrative aid and research. The Association is a citizen-oriented organization comprised of community leaders throughout the Basin who recognize that this last great river must be properly controlled if the Region’s economic potential is to be realized. THOUGHTS FOR TODAY Have you noticed that the long lines of cars waiting for gas are moving at a snarl’s pace? It isn’t what you earn, it is what you save that makes you rich! of all the good he didn't Every man is guilty do! IRA NEWSLETTER Institute of Regional Affairs Wilkes College Wilkes-Barre, Pa. 18703 Return Postage Guaranteed Non-Profit Organization U. S. POSTAGE PAID Wilkes-Barr®._PaPermit No. 3® NEWS-LETTER VQlTXXTNo. 2 « WILKES COLLEGE, WILKES-BARRE, PENNA~ COMMUNITY ENRICHMENT The traditional primary thrust of I.R.A. activities has been toward the improvement of local governments in the Northeast Region with the ultimate objective of upgrading community life. This does not mean that the Institute is interested only in the mundane operations of local governments such as street maintenance and construction, physical recreation, refuse and garbage disposal, and the like. Perfection of government administration in itself may make community living more convenient and economical, but this accomplishment would still leave much to be desired. Cultural enrichment, indeed, is the silver ribbon which transforms the ordinary drab box into a beautiful gift, To be sure, LR.A. is not directly involved in cultural development of communities through the various art forms. But, whether it be through governmental, institutional, or private effort, opportunity to enjoy the fine arts sets one community apart from the common herd. Because college cultural activities are already contributing so much to the enrichment of hving in this area, the Institute, through its NEWSLETTER calls -its 2200 readers’ attention to the establishment of the Sordoni Art Gallery and other fine art activities at the College. The Sordoni Art Gallery, a gift of the Sordoni family, was officially opened to the Public on November 25, 1973. Approximately, the first exhibition presented paintings of George Catlin, Wilkes-Barre-born lawyer, universally recognized as the greatest documenarian of the American Indians and their 1 e-styles. The priceless paintings were loaned 0 the Gallery by the National Gallery of Art, and the National Collection of Fine Arts of the ^'thsonian Institution. Nearly three thousand lovers, including numerous school and civic Cj.ouPs, enjoyed the guided tours under ection of the Wilkes-Barre Junior League. Fin^'V'an Varney Guyler, Assistant Professor of 6 Arts, Director of the Sordoni Art Gallery, ° MARCH 15, 1974 expressed the College's encouragement from the public reception of this first venture in the College's new educational resource, and sketched succeeding and future departmental art exhibits. Two well-received exhibits were one of Graphics, titled Birds of Mount Desert, Maine, by Carroll Sargent Tyson, Jr.; another, a display of water color acrylics by J. Philip Richards, Assistant Professor of Fine Arts, Wilkes College. A sculpture exhibit of the works of Herbert Simon, also Assistant Professor of Fine Arts, will be displayed to March 30. This school term’s program at the Sordoni Gallery will conclude with an Alumni Invitational Exhibit, primarily of paintings, scheduled to run during the last three weeks in May. In addition to the Sordoni Gallery exhibits, displays of various art forms by students are open to the public at the College’s Conyngham Gallery on a continuing basis. Special features at Conyngham included a traveling exhibit of paintings and graphics by the Old Bergen Art Guild, and a ceramic exhibit, including a Gallery talk and demonstration, by Joseph Stalonne. REVENUE SHARING THE FIRST YEAR Revenue Sharing under the State and Local Fiscal Assistance Act of 1972 marked its first anniversary in October. Originally, this innova­ tion in Federal-State-Local relations was hailed either as “Manna from Heaven”, or “Santa Claus four times a year”. This innovation in federal-state-local relations was justified by two related and consequential allegations. The first was that state and local officials are in a better position to determine their fiscal priorities than the federal bureau­ cracy; the second, that traditional categorical grants-in-aid are too restrictive and, therefore, reduce the potential benefits of federal grants by confining local initiative. Whether or not the (continued on next page) �INSTITUTE OF REGIONAL AFFAIRS institute of NEWSLETTER VOL. XX MARCH 15, 1974 NO. 2 This News-Letter, published nine times annually as a community service originates in the Institute of Regional Affairs of Wilkes College. Notes and inquiries may be addressed to Professor Walter H. Niehoff, Editor, Institute of Regional Affairs, Wilkes College, WilkesBarre, Pennsylvania 18703. Subscription free upon request. “eating proves the pudding” cannot be judged fairly after only one year of experience. Time will tell whether states and their local units can rise to the expectations of the Assistance Act. It is obvious that the first step necessary for an evaluation of the efficiency of local determination is valid data showing how shared funds have been expended and to what extent state and local efforts without federal dictation have contributed to solutions of their functional and fiscal problems. Until March 1 of this year, studies of the uses of revenue funds during the first year have not been very conclusive, since they were conducted only on a state-by-state or regional basis for the most part. National statistics were assembled by some unofficial organizations, but much of the data are fragmentary and estimated. For example, the National League of Cities — U. S. Conference of Mayors recently released a somewhat revealing breakdown of revenue sharing data by population groupings of cities: Cities 500,000 and over 250,000 100.000 25,000 10,000 - 499,999 249,999 99,999 24,999 Operating and Maintenance Capital Expenditures 88% 80% 49% 38% 29% 12% 39% 51% 60% 70% Based on the League's s— survey, is obvious that the trend appears to be that it large, L. .c.ae, highly urban cities used „ -----____ revenue sharing funds to meet their enormous deficits enormous operating budget Muuye suffered annually the annually by by the the inner inner cities, cities, while \ ' smaller units favored expenditures for capital projects. Whether Whether or or not not this this scheme of allocations nationwide will _ eventually soften the fiscal pressures on state and local 'coal governments remains to be seen. The first official was released on MarchaCtUa 1, 1l97U4Seh reP°rt' which 1974 by the Office of Revenue Sharing, reflects a similar trend A suggestion t0 counteract this last allocation to operating and capital1 <exPenditurQ n nervation was that Congress should consider Of the $2.8 billion in general reven, revenue sh“res. obs and extension of the Act in the third or funds spent by 32,665 state ; rnurth year, rather than await its termination at and lor governments through June 30, 1973 'was the end of the fifth year. , 24% spent for education, 23% for public - safety, and and pane| witnesses suggested that two general 15% for transportation. Major expenditures -res faCtors influenced decisions on whether to use varied with the type of government Sta‘e he funds for current or capital expenditures, State governments spent 65% on citjes the u of factors centered on the need and spent 44% on pubhc safety, ^cation; 15% ’ Cities One 1 on Public certainty of continuing such funding beyond the transportation, and 13% on environrn XjSting ental !!g exist ing five-year limit; the other on the protection and conservation; counties cental .sPent :complex audit requirements. 25% on public transportation and 23% °n 1 The general restriction that revenue sharing public safety. funds may be used only for eight broad According to the ORS report, the amount “priority areas” did not appear to raise severe spent for operation and maintenance rather problems for most officials. However, the audit than for capital expenditures, tended to i,, v requirements which direct recipient units to increase with the size of the unit’s population' For follow each revenue sharing dollar to its example, cities under 25,000 used 33% for ultimate use was severely attacked. If funds current expenses, while cities over 25,000 used received are intermingled with general tax 79% and state governments 94%. funds, it would take an extremely complex accounting system to separate them for federal Since a prime objective of the Assistance audit. It was generally suggested that either Act is to enable government units to reduce jtwo separate accounts be set up locally, or that taxes or avoid tax increases, it Is significant to all revenue sharing funds be used for a very note that this result was attained by almost half few functions, such as police or fire or of the units reporting. About a third indicated sanitation. The latter would free general tax that revenue sharing funds had also helped to revenues for other purposes. avoid or lessen debt increases. The exclusion of user charges for local services, such as garbage and refuse collection State and local governments have gladly and disposal, recreation, and parking facilities, accepted the fiscal windfall of general revenue has created for many cities a festering problem sharing, although time is evoking a variety of because of the present formula for calculating objections and criticisms, depending on the the fund allocations to state and local units. status and circumstance of the political The current formula allocates funds on the jurisdictions. The Advisory Commission on basis of population and relative tax effort, the Intergovernmental Relations elicited a number of latter adhering to the Census Bureau's definition these from five panels of state, county and city of taxes. This definition excludes user charges officials after one year of revenue sharing and service fees. experience. They are worthy of note. The ACIR report reflects a common feeling While all panels welcomed the transfer- of that citizens should participate in decisions on local the use of revenue sharing funds. But, some unrestricted federal funds to state and unanimous urban officials indicated that because revenue governments, there was also r.ts should sharing funds are needed most to maintain insistence that categorical grants federal aid. existing city services, the potential for citizen continue unabated as a form of fed. The report also ,t on the Participation is limited. There was considerable adverse comment a____ which followed suggests that, except for some special interest cutbacks in categorical grants groups, the response of citizens to invitations closely the enactment of revenue sharing­ to assist in the decision-making process has ■ has Peen disappointing. in other words, the general expectation were 10 „ One unforeseen effect of revenue sharing been that revenue sharing dollars .--o them- | discussed by the panels was the possible supplement existing grants, not replace categori'■ical impact on the many small units of local The possibility of further cutbacks in of government w -.ch ...... „.i have been the target of limit ited ref°rmers for decades. grants, coupled coupled with with the the five-year There is a general creal feeling that revenue sharing programs, has also c e uto?r 9 * hat — ■ because there is no ■population sharing programs, high f°r rece*v'n9 such aid, the Act might among state and local governments, a This indi indirectly govp eC'ly P roP up prop up non-viable units of local degree of uncertainty on future funding- itia1 — ___ ____ a consequent rnment which might otherwise be merged uncertainty has also created funds. confusion on the allocation of sharing into larger units by force of fiscal circum­ stances. There is wide agreement that such small units should not be kept alive by artificial insemination of federal funds. On the other hand, there is considerable doubt that revenue sharing is the appropriate tool for accomplish­ ing a restructuring and reorganizing of fragmented local units of government. Information on the implementation of the State and Local Assistance Act is becoming more prolific and informative. However, one year's experience is not enough to warrant or support final conclusions. After all, states have practiced revenue sharing with their local units for many years, and the perfect program has not yet evolved at that level. Federal revenue sharing was the result of political compromise in an atmosphere of haste. Hopefully, political pressures will iron out some of the rough edges in the future. CATALYTIC AGNES If it’s any comfort to victims of Hurricane Agnes, She was not only catastrophic, but catalytic. A catalyst is something which initiates a reaction, and, judging from the increasing number of congressional proposals to establish an effective form of comprehensive disaster relief, She was the catalyst which produced current national concern and action. Some day, and we hope very soon, the confusion and suffering following natural disasters will be alleviated because the nation had the foresight to set up a relief program which would go into action immediately and automatically. The most recent of such bills, proposed in the Senate by Quentin Burdick and Jennings Randolph, shows considerable progress in both the nature and comprehensiveness of disaster relief thinking. This bill gives priority for public facilities and public housing assistance to applications from public bodies in major disaster areas. It makes disaster assistance contingent on possession of adequate insurance and provides grants to state and local governments for disaster assistance programs. The proposal would authorize open-ended funds for state disaster preparedness programs, including provision for technical assistance. Grants up to $250,000 would be available for developing plans and programs, and up to $25,000 to cover 50% of the costs to improve, maintain, and update approved plans. Federal agencies would also be authorized to use their personnel, equipment and other resources to support and cooperate with state and local disaster programs. (continued on next page) �would include Other significant provisions ooen-ended funds for grants to state and local governments for removing debri® refSU, costs of a disaster and for paying up to the fuill costs o repairing, restoring, reconstructing, or eplang public facilities. •* It would also authorize costs of up to payment of up to 75% of the have limited who IV 1 1 iu i ’ 1 1 • assistance to individuals meet disaster-related expenses. It ability to r.. stamps and would make eligible for food ..... low-income households surplus commodities not able to buy L_, adequate amounts of nutritious food. A provision which will no doubt arouse considerable controversy, authorizes the President, at the request of the Governor, to impose wage, rent and price controls at predisaster levels. Skeptics may shrug off this and other similar proposals by suggesting that the nation will have to suffer many more Agneses in more sections of the country before a comprehensive preparedness program becomes a reality. Perhaps so; perhaps not! At least Agnes is serving her catalytic function. Ann, our spoiled college student, should remember when her parents offered her two choices at dinner: “Take it or, Leave it.” To live outside the law you must be honest! At eighteen, our convictions are hills from which we look; at forty-five, they are caves in which we hide! — you’ve made ADVISORY COMMITTEi E The Institute of Regional Affairs is |P^asea to announce acceptance of appointment to newly created Citizen Advisory Committee its by the following civic leaders: — Tom Bigler Station WBRE-TV Raymond Carmon Pennsylvania Economy League John Chaplinski Pennsylvania Power & Light Company Charles Hardwick Sterling Engineering & Manufacturi ng Company Robert Jones United Penn Bank James Kenny Labor Representative enough Edgar Lashford Chamber of Commerce Hon. Frank O’Connell Pennsylvania General Assembly Richard Ross First National Bank Eugene Roth Attorney-at-Law Roman Rubinstein Pomeroy's Department Store Non-Profit Organization U. S. POSTAGE PAID Return Postage Guaranteed voj^xjCNo- 3 0 WILKES COLLEGE, WILKES-BARRE, PENNA. DINE WITH US! The Twenty-second Annual Dinner of the _ ___ of Regional Affairs will be held at Institute 6-30 P.M., Wednesday, May 29, in the Dining Room of the New Men’s Dormitory. We cordially invite you to attend. We enjoy talking with you via this NEWSLETTER. But, we want so much to meet with you personally and to have you enjoy an evening out with others like you who share common interests in civic progress through improved local government. This Annual Dinner is the one occasion when friends of the Institute can chat across the table with old and new acquaintances. Please come so we can enjoy each other’s company! After twenty-two years, we have quite a family gathering! This NEWSLETTER is an invitation to all 2200 readers. But, soon you will also receive in the mail a special invitation from Fred H. Miller, Program Director, containing instructions on how to make reservations. We expect the usual response from local government officials, employees, and civic leaders in Northeastern Pennsylvania, and Luzerne County in particular. Edward Schechter Stressteel Corporation IRA NEWSLETTER Institute of Regional Affairs Wilkes College Wilkes-Barre, Pa. 18703 RWSHETTER That's the usual trite way of announcing an event and extending invitations. With that done, may we say what we really want to say. Harold Rose Wyoming National Bank THOUGHTS FOR TODAY Do it to-morrow mistakes to-day! INTRODUCING Wilkes-Barre, PaPermit No. 355 The event is the occasion for awarding certificates of completion for courses sponsored by the Institute for local officials and employees, as well as those conducted by the County Civil Defense Unit. A special award is awarded annually to that person demonstrating outstanding community service. For those who enjoy a mixture of wisdom and wit, the speaker of the evening, Mr. Ichard M. Jackman, promises an unusual treat. Mr. Jackman, a native of Iowa, graduated r°m the University of Iowa School of Journalism and was a correspondent for the Chicago Tribune and the United Press. For the Post 15 years he has been a communications l ( Public relations consultant in private ustry. His long experience in publication ° APRIL 15, 1974 and editorial work has made him a popular lecturer throughout the country. In recent " years,' he has been closely identified with the nation’s space program and with problems of urban America. His Dinner topic will be “Never Treat Humans Like Relations”. We’ll be seeing you on May 29! DEDICATION AND COURAGE Franklin Hall has been the headquarters of the Institute of Regional Affairs for about two years. It was once the home of the District Office of the United Mine Workers of America. For those who inquire, it exudes traditions of dedication and courage by men who worked in the dank darkness of the coal mines and sought to achieve social and economic dignity for their occupation. A plaque at the main entrance reflects the travail and bitterness of the oppressed miner days gone by, but, more than that, the crisp, sharp and pregnant words cut in bronze lift the spirit of those who stop to read them: — JOHN L. LEWIS President of the United Mine Workers of America addresses the Bituminous Operators’ Negotiating Committee, April 10, 1946, at the National Coal Conference in the Shoreham Hotel, in Washington, D.C.: “For four weeks we have sat with you; we attended you when you fixed the hour; we departed when weariness affected your pleasure. "Our effort to -resolve mutual questions has been vain; you have been intolerant of suggestions and impatience of analysis. "When we sought surcease from blood­ letting, you professed indifference; when we cried aloud for the safety of our numbers, you answered: ’Be content - 't was always thus!' When we urged you to abate a stench, you averred that your nostrils were not offended. (continued on next page) �including about local workers. INSTITUTE OF REGIONAL AFFAIRS VOL. XX NEWSLETTER APRIL 15, 1974 NO. 3 This News-Letter, published nine times annually as a community service originates in the Institute of Regional Affairs of Wilkes College. Notes and inquiries may be addressed to Professor Walter H. Niehoff, Editor, Institute of Regional Affairs, Wilkes College, WilkesBarre. Pennsylvania 18703. Subscription free upon request. "When we emphasized the importance of life, you pleaded the priority of profits; when we spoke of little children in unkempt surroundings, you said: ‘Look to the State!’ “You aver that you own the mines; we suggest that, as yet, you do not own the people. “You profess annoyance at our temerity; we condemn your imbecility. “You are smug in your complacency; we are abashed by your shamefulness. You prate your respectability; we are shocked at your lack of public morality. “You scorn the toils, the abstinence and the perils of the miner; we withold approval of your luxurious mode of life and the nights you spend in merriment. “You invert the natural order of things and charge to the public the pleasures of your own indolence; we denounce the senseless cupidity that witholds from the miner the rewards of honorable and perilous exertion. “To cavil further is futile, We trust that time, as it shrinks your purse, may modify your niggardly and anti-social propensities.” MUNICIPAL EMPLOYEES COVERED BY ,._J NEW PAY LAW -------- Z. Local c' ------government employees will be brought under minimum ------- wage coverage and age discrimination protection for the first time beginning May 1, 1974. The new legislation, overwhelmingly approved March 20 28 iby both chambers of the Congress and hailed President as a "step in the } —J by the right direction", brings coverage to some 7 million persons, 5 million federal, state and The law not only expands coverage to state and local employees, but extends overtime coverage to state and local government workers, nursing home and local mass transportat^o employees. One of the most controversial provision gives limited overtime coverage to policemen and firemen, requiring such compensation fOr tours of duty in excess of 240 hours in = 28-day work period during the calendar year 1975, 232 hours during 1976 and afterwards, unless the Secretary of Labor determines lower figures should be used beginning in 1978. Police and fire forces with fewer than five employees will be exempt. An estimated coverage before beginning May 1; $2.30 on January 36 million workers who had 1966, will have a $2 floor $2.10 on January 1, 1975; and 1, 1976. Those brought under coverage by the 1966 act and the new law will have a minimum of $1.90 on May 1; $2.00 on January 1, 1975; $2.20 on January 1, 1976, and $2.30 on January 1, 1977. Under the 1974 act, c -------- 7 of' the " 'o. coverage Age Discrimination in Employment Act is extended to state and local government employees, and the annual authorization level for carrying out the Act is increased from $3 million to $5 million. WANT A HOUSE CHEAP? An article in the February NEWS-LETTER, titled “A New Way To Reduce Blight”, commended the homesteading concept for attacking the problem of blighted housing scattered throughout a community, and noted a proposed Urban Homesteading Act introduced by Rep. W. D. Hutchinson, Schuylkill County. The Departmentt of of Housing and Urban Development has now a limited but now given given a significant — support to that concept. HUD recently i announced that it will sell UP to 4,000> single family houses to localities throughout the c ” i country for ANY legitimate use, including urban -i homesteading. Such sale is restricted to municipalities, r which may then dispose of the i properties to individuals willinQ to participate in a local homesteading program- It will sell str„„ structurally sound houses t° communities for their ’.l.-’.r unrepaired, as-is value in an effort to conoc. conserve existing housing ancl regenerate interest in —. ..i the urban core of these municipalities. A PAIL of paint and you Valley recently was shaken up by a Our which showed that the area’s physical survey leaves much to be desired. Recall that a image percentage of natives, and as many as goodly ■ of newcomers and visitors, have an oq percent of most communities. We may like ugly image -eAhis unfavorable reaction on the Flood, to blame t.. looking back, we must admit that our but, I , was never as green and clean as it Valley ■hould have been. And, we must also admit, si’ , is much to be desired in areas not there ;te|y affected by Agnes. remol report makes more This unfavorable significant than ever the Wyoming Valley’s y",;;-) Annual Clean Up - Paint Up campaign Tenth ;ponsored by the Wyoming Valley Community spw------Improvement Council. Local governments have a definite respons­ ibility f°r the appearance of their communities. Hopefully, they will respond to the urgings of the Improvement Council by setting an example of early effort. However, though government can lead, it cannot do the whole job itself. Personal pride and individual work are the essential ingredients of an attractive community. “Cleanli­ ness is godliness”, not only inside our homes, but outside as well. Travelers abroad are often impressed by the cleanliness of streets and sidewalks and the well-kept appearance of even the oldest homes. In Holland, for example, it is still common to observe housewives and business employees scrubbing down the walks each morning. It is still a custom in our own dutch country to keep one’s home and yard "clean as a whistle”, and the occupant of an unpainted home and unkempt yard is looked upon with disdain by his neighbors. The Improvement Council has been trying for years to persuade EVERY resident to clean up paint up - fix up. But, despite its dedicated efforts, our Valley is embarrassed by the reports °f its ugly image. Maybe there is some single, simple, easy way to get the job done once and °r all without bother to anyone of us? Why not raise local taxes to an amount needed to permit the municipality to paint every °use or place of business, using an army of ”tra employees? Too harsh? Then why not ask ine,Je^era' and state governments to do the job he name of health and welfare? If that fails, ,,,57°e we could locate an aged multi-millionaire who vwould 1 establish a fund^o finance the free Painting O -ff every home in the Valley once every five years! Then too, maybe there’s a paint b^nn a hammer fairy, fairy a rake fairy, a hose and fairy, all could do our job for f^ry, al! of of whom w Silly? Perhaps! But not any sillier than allowing our homes and surroundings _____ to go to pot while we commiserate -- with ..!L1 others like us on how terrible our community looks. Spring spring is “busting out all over over"” in all its beauty and splendor! But Spring can’t clean up what man has neglected! You can! All it takes is a pail of paint, a few tools, some elbow grease and — YOU! That clean neat look at your home is like a smile on your face! A HELPING HAND Victims of Hurricane Agnes deeply appreci­ ated the "helping hand" extended to them by countless strangers from many parts of the country. Wilkes College shall forever remain indebted to those who pitched in to aid and support it in time of great crisis. Despite the fact that the College will require years to recuperate completely from the flood disaster, it has promptly moved to give a similar “helping hand" to an Ohio community and a sister college ravaged by the recent mid-west tornados. On April 17, the College sent a team of three administrators with a background of experience gained in our own flood emergency and recovery to Xenia, Ohio, to assist in recovery efforts there. This community was almost completely leveled. The team effort was focused primarily on assisting Wilburforce University, nine-tenth of which was destroyed by the tornado. Conferences lasting several days were held with University and local government officials, including City Manager Robert Stewart, providing benefit of Wilkes' experience in dealing with catastrophe. President Francis J. Michelini responded immediately to a request by the Koppers Company, Inc., of Pittsburgh for assistance to the University. The College administrators comprising the team were Andrew Shaw, Jr., Director of the Wilkes College Institute of Regional Affairs and Executive Director of the Greater Wilkes-Barre Flood Recovery Task Force; Thomas Kelly, College Director of Development, and Thomas Moran, Director of Public Relations at the College. All three were at the forefront of the Wilkes recovery effort and took to Xenia and WilburForce the full experience gained here at and since the time of the Flood. 22nd annual dinner may 29, 1974 NEW MEN’S DORM �PUBLIC SERVICE CAREER DAYS Career opportunities for students of Political Science at Wilkes College and the relevancy to such careers of the existing and proposed Political Science curriculum was explored in a two-day series of student sessions in the Stark Learning Center on March 25-26. The program was sponsored by the College Department of Political Science. Dr. Jean M. Driscoll, Chairman. Presentations were given by acknowledged experts in a wide variety of career fields, focusing on the vocational values of study in Political Science together with a good ground­ ing in the Humanities in general. Opportunities in their respective fields were discussed by the following guest speakers:- Mr. Thomas A. Kiley — President First National Bank of Eastern Pennsylvania and Chairman, Wilkes College Board of Trustees: - Banking, government, and other public services. Mr. Roy Morgan — Radio Station WILK: Communications. Mr. Charles De Julius — Philadelphia Office: - Action. Peace Corps, and Vista. Mr. Edwin Smith — Personnel P Specialist, Veterans Administration: - Federal Civil Service Careers. Mr. Allen Gordon — F ____ member of Former Peace Corps: - Social Services. Dr. Charles Gurdon, Esquire — Local attorney and Assistant Professor Business Administration, Wilkes College: - The Legal Profession. Dr. Mahmoud H. Fahmy - Associate professor, Education Department, Wilkes College: - The Teaching Profession. ECONOMIC LOSS THRU URBAN RENEWAL A city cannot be held liable for the devaluation of a property resulting from an urban renewal project unless there |s a physician invasion, damage or injury, Or a restraint of some type, or action by the city to appropriate the property. This ruling was handed down on March ■ 1«, 1974 by a federal district court in Cincinnati in re Maurice M. Sayre v. the City of Cleveland' According to the decision, if eminent eminent domain rights have not been abused, economic loss caused by urban renewal does not constitute a taking of property without compensation within the meaning of the fifth and fourteenth amendments of the Federal Constitution. THOUGHTS FOR TODAY Some people treat life like a slot machine, machine, putting in as little as possible while hoping for the jackpot. A street preacher carried a sign that said: rnn L'ni-n D _ i . ■ .................. “Streakers, Repent — Your r— End Is In Sight." What this country needs arc are some colleges that teach everything the students ---------- > think they already know. He who deliberates fully before taking a step will spend his entire life on one leg. If you pitch your expectations low, taking folks as the inefficient creatures they are, you will be surprised at how much better they perform than you had hoped. A chef is a man with a vocabulary vocabulary so so extensive it enables him to give soup a different name every day. IRA NEWSLETTER Institute of Regional Affairs Wilkes College Wilkes-Barre, Pa. 18703 Non-Profit Organization U. S. POSTAGE PAID Return Postage Guaranteed Wilkes-Barre, Pa. Permit No. 355 OWOETW volTxxTno^ ° WILKES COLLEGE, WILKES-BARRE, PENNA. I. R. A. COMMENCEMENT By the time this NEWSLETTER reaches you, Wilkes College will have celebrated its 27th Commencement, awarding diplomas to some 560 young men and women. By that time, too, the Institute of Regional Affairs will also have had its 22nd “Commencement,” and will have awarded certificates to another group of dedicated local officials and employees who have completed in-service courses expecially designed for their work. The appeal of the Institute’s in-service programs and its life-long success is attested by the fact that it is said, “The Institute has a larger number of alumni than the College.” Congratulations and best wishes are in order to the college graduates. We trust they are aware that “education” does not end on Commencement Day." This is true in many respects, but the in-service study by LR.A. students who have long since completed their formal school training gives this old advice a special meaning. Involvement in local government as a citizen, official or employee more often than not continues to follow the old Jacksonian concept that “government work is so simple that anyone can do it, and everybody should have his go at it". Education in government work has tradition­ ally been "on-the-job training”. But local Sovernment is no longer simple, and can no l°n9er be entrusted to just anyone. Just as Pdvate employers demand adequate background and training qualifications before hiring even the best college graduates, so too is government at he local level coming to realize the importance 0 Proper training for specific positions. The new graduates of the Institute are, too, congratulated and have our best wishes because ey are responding to the needs of to-day by ecognizing education as a continuing process. A NEW WRINKLE Everybody knows about the effort to limit Delation growth nationally and internationally ° MAY 15, 1974 so man won't smother himself. Have you heard about the proposal to limit the population growth in a particular munici­ pality? Ancient philosophers, like Aristotle, suggested a variety of optimum populations for cities, but none were ever really implemented. So the idea is not a new one except for the fact that Petaluma City in California has actually tried to limit its annual growth. The city’s population jumped from 14,000 in 1960 to over 30,000 this year. Until 1971, the city encouraged new development by annexing land and providing all the desirable services. This followed the normal American pattern that a city is progressing only if it grows in size and population. But by 1971 a problem began to appear. It seems that growth exceeded the community's resources for increasing services. The city fathers then imposed a 15-month moratorium on construction to ease the demand for services. This did little to alleviate the problem, so in 1972 the residents voted 4 to 1 for an ordinance to limit growth by limiting new water and sewer services to only 500 new subdivision units per year. This looked like the answer, for who would build a new home without water and sewers! Unfortunately for the city, a Federal District Court judge has just ruled the ordinance c---------- unconstitutional as a violation -------- of - a- .person’s right to live where he wants to. The judge said, take its fair “Every city has to■ ta.._ — share of the population explosion.” Attorneys for both sides have predicted that the issue willT ultimately be decided by the United States Supreme Court. CO-OP COPS ,uy:*.3 and townships in Lehigh and Eight boroughs counties have initiated discussions Northampton cc-m' their small police forces on a proposal to merge •___ of'----c^eTn^rm’unicipai forcei more1 than 50. into one i>> — — another common police The object is not just (continued on next page) �INSTITUTE OF REGIONAL AFFAIRS VOL. XX NEWSLETTER MAY 15, 1974 NO. 4 This News-Letter, published nine times annually as a community service originates in the Institute of Regional Affairs of Wilkes College. Notes and inquiries may be addressed to Professor Walter H. Niehoff, Editor, Institute of Regional Affairs. Wilkes College, WilkesBarre, Pennsylvania 18703. Subscription free upon request. agreement for mutual assistance in emergencies. It seeks an area police service, combining the personnel and facilities of the individual jurisdictions under a control commission repre­ senting each participant equally. The plan resulted from a survey to upgrade police services made by the Pennsylvania Department of Community Affairs. The goal is to upgrade police services and provide better protection for the area residents in a large area of the counties outside the core cities. Under the plan, each municipality would retain its own police force, tbut' a complete ___ merger on a permanent basis would be effected in two ways: (1) (1) Making Making each each officer officer of of the the participating departments a .wiijT fully OVVUIII sworn Imember _ f _ ___ ____ _ — of every department, and (2) establishing J a joint commission with ------representation from each community to govern the area operation. It contemplates a central communications system with one phone number for all municipalities, and a potential expansion of the system to include a central records system. Commission representatives \would be the rr mayors of boroughs and the ...a presidents of the ...a governing bodies of townships. t 2u.'.r_. Joint — purchasing pro­ cedures are also included. The joint commission would have the responsibility of maintaining the respective departments proper control of rates for police services based and on theestablishing program’s --------operation oni a shared-cost basis. Funding for setting up the cooperative purchasing, necessary initial supplies and equipment, and costs of the first year’s operation is expected . to be borne 95 percent by federal and state < t‘ ‘funds _;.ds through the Governor’s Justice Commission, with the remaining 5 with the percent shared by the participating municiParticipating palities. The Lehigh Valley area has ; average recordJ of intermunicipala better than 1 cooperation, including joint purchasing agreements in v;. which even the cities have joined, and a successfc" ■=funv operating Council of Governments. This reCOr augurs well for the joint police serv.ce proPo-bro ^ This, if consummated, will not be the fjrs. in Pennsylvania. That honor goes to KingstOn and Dallas townships which effected a comp|ete merger of the township police departrrn 'ents about four years ago based on a survey of Back Mountain police needs by the Institute of Regional Affairs. Dallas Borough failed to sign the agreement. The agreement between the two townships was formally signed at a dinner at the Irem Temple Country club, and was witnessed by members of the IRA staff, who drew iup — the *u~ documents, J *" and' by representatives ,xU H-Uof the " Commonwealth. The plan had endorcement of the State Attorney-General. Unfortunately, the merger did not last very long. All terms of the agreement were worked out successfully, but the two governing bodies withdrew because of salary matters unrelated to the merger itself. IRA successfully circumvented certain legal restrictions which have long stood in the way of unified police forces in the state. Among the unique features proposed by the Institute was equal representation through the mayor and presidents of governing bodies who under law have control of the police function, and swearing in each police officer as a member of each jurisdiction within the merger. Although the Lehigh Valley proposal is only in the discussion stage, enough details are known to indicate that its merger plan contains all or most of the following concepts originated by IRA for the Back Mountain merger four years ago:1. SINGLE POLICE DISTRICT. Municipal boundaries which currently restrict the jurisdic­ tion of the existing police departments should be eliminated in-so-far as future police activities are concerned, so that a single police comPrising xuthe x^.j total geOgraphic area jS established. 2. JOINT POLICE COMMISSION. The merged police department should be under the general supervision of a Joint Police Commis­ ■’* sion. consisting of the mayors of boroughs and of the township t ..r governing a---------- e presidents nf bodies, responsible ultimately to the governing bodies of each jurisdiction. 3. FUNCTIONS OF POLICE COMMISSIONThe; Commission should prepare annually 3 budget for the ___ ...a merged police department ano supervise and direct iroz't the police activities of all officers. 4. POLICE district r —; PERSONNEL. The (continued ------- 1 on next page) of police and/or civilian personnel nu^bedr to each municipality as set forth in the aliotted ,Htt should be appointed and/or removed agreeh160’. respective governing bodies, subject to by tbe rService Regulations applicable to ithe Civi1 icipahty and after consideration of a fTlUP"v^endation by the Joint Pol ice icomme ■recirnission. ComrHEADQUARTERS. A single POLICE 5. police department headquarters should central located either in or as near as possible to be center of the joint area. the EQUIPMENT AND SUPPLIES. All existing 6. nolice equipment, materials and supplies should P the property of the purchasing municiremain until replaced, at which time replacepality ments and additions should be purchased as property by the Joint Police common Commission. 7. DEPUTIZATION OF PERSONNEL. Each governing body should formally deputize all officers of the merged department to perform police duties, in order to legalize the performance of such duties of police officers in any part of the police district outside of the officer's appointing municipality. 8. MERGER AGREEMENT. A merger agree­ ment should be adopted by ordinance, rather than motion or resolution, automatically renew­ able from year to year until terminated, with a given period of notice, by the governing body of a municipality. IRA hopes the Lehigh Valley plan will be adopted and prove successful. Such a police merger is in the interest of better local government wherever it is first implemented successfully. But IRA also thinks it would be a feather in the cap of Northeastern Pennsylvania should a successful merger take place here first. The Great Flood is supposed to have taught us the lesson of intermunicipal cooperation. Has it? the news media and you Will Rogers once said, “All I know is what I read in the newspapers.” It seems to follow that if he hadn’t read the newspapers he wouldn t know anything at all. A community W1thout local news coverage, especially in the area of its governmental affairs, is a dead duck, r °n the way to becoming one! Local government news in the newspapers, l0. and television is receiving increasing ^Phasis. This poses a serious challenge for hoU|?ICipal 0,ficials to work harder to achieve t®l,er news media relations even though to ?lons between the media and officials seems e mounting. Tensions are the result of Pu news knowledge or misunderstanding of the duties and responsibil•ties of both officials ar, " and' the media. We intend here to point the finger a1 ~ :r at our local officials, if only because we choose them and, therefore have a right to expect response. We have all heard officials complain about the media and its reporters. “You can’t trust reporters.” “I didn’t say that at all.” “They didn t put in all I told them.” "They never get things straight.” “They only print the spectacular. “Reporters are inexperienced and vicious." The hard truth is that most of the time local news media do get things right; you can usually trust reporters; they don’t have space or time to print everything; they are often deceived by the withholding of unfavorable information; and, occasionally they misquote. The complaints of news media reporters against public officials can be equally extreme — and equally wrong. The simple fact is that much of the misunderstanding arises because many city officials, from mayors to meter readers, don't know how media reporters operate, how to work with them, or the importance of good press-government relations. Officials should first become aware of the importance of good media relations to their community programs and operations. Still, it is not uncommon to hear about specific encounters, large and small, occurring between officials and the media reporters. The results usually include disappointment, annoy­ ance, and bitterness on one side or both. Incidentally, in such case, both sides lose — but the public loses most. What can local officials do to correct their side of the problem? ~n a personal 1. Get to know your reporters on basis. Get yourself “backgrounded" on how the specific media operates so you can understand their procedures and problems. Avoid misleading reporters with deliberate falsehoods or half-truths, Responsible reporters know that sometimes officials ' so, rather cannot talk about certain things, than try to deceive, say "No “Nc comment". However, don’t overuse it. "Off-the-record" remarks are useful in 3. keeping the reporter updated, but a good the reporter updated. reporter can smell" when this practice is can “"smell" uth mislead him or bottle him up. used to media with an adequate 4 Provide each of the (continued on r._ next page) 2. �number of releases or other printed material. Most important, don’t expect to have your release printed verbatim. News writing is a special skill, both frequently not found among local officials. Reporters, like municipal officials human. There are good ones and bad ’< ones. responsible and irresponsible ones; bold ' and bashful ones; nice guys and pests. And 'TdSt of them carry a set of rules and ethics arouncj in their heads, too. 5. Try to be helpful about unfavorable news. Trying to hide it is futile. Even an average reporter can sense this practice, and will uncover and print it anyway. A British publisher once said, “It is no‘.the job of the press to be loved. We are deterrnj to give the voters, the taxpayers, the infor^ 6. Take the necessary time with reporters to explain carefully a difficult or technical situation so that everybody can understand. 7. Remember that the reporter's audience is the general public whose reading or listening time is about half an hour, who are reading or listening to the story for the first time, and who generally have no major interest, per se, in the official and his problems. 8. When talking to a reporter, assume that he will print or broadcast every word. Of course, he won't, but at least you will make your story honest and clear. 9. Respect the deadlines of the newspaper, radio or television, television. improperly Improperly timing a release may i result in its rejection. A story ~—i to-day mai y be no good that is good tomorrow. 10. The best vway — to *- 'be sure the reporter calls you when your interests ---- i..l ----- ts are at stake is to make sure that you answer -— all of his calls promptly and honestly. Basically, local government c----------relations are the same as relations between all people. Each person is a special being withi a special job to perform If one side ignores this fact” , no gimmicks can rectify rectify the the hostility hostility and and contro­ versy which follow like the dav follows - *he day follows the dawn. IRA NEWSLETTER !.n®’l,ute of Regional Affairs Wilkes College Wilkes-Barre, Pa. 18703 tion they should have to participate intelligent in our democracy.” That’s the job Of municipal official, too! a ^r^oCNO. 5 ° WILKES COLLEGE, WILKES-BARRE, PENNA. VOL. SORRY YOU MISSED IT! THOUGHTS FOR TODAY Some midtown streets are r* so potholed that a gentleman got two blowouts — and his car — ...s was parked. Tact is the ability to make your blind date think she got the worst of it. The trouble with to-day’s economy is that when a man is rich, it’s all on paper. But when he’s broke, it’s in cash. People who complain that the country spends more on liquor than on education don't realize how much you can learn from your bartender. “Expletive” is a nine letter word meaning a four-letter word. A bargain is a ludicrous transaction in which each party thinks he has cheated the other. This is the time of the year when people plan to drive thousands of miles to have their pictures taken standing next to their cars. Non-Profit Organization U. S. POSTAGE Return Postage Guaranteed NEWS-LETTER PAID Wilkes-Barre, Pa. Permit No. 355 JUNE 15, 1974 over a period of many years. that all 2200 recipients of the We're sorry newsletter weren’t able to attend the 22nd Annual Awards; Dinner of the Institute of Regional Affairs on- May 29. It was a real treat, featuring one of the most enjoyable and inspiring speakers ever, and included award of Certificates of Attainmentt to 509 enrollees in the I.R.A. —, and three service In-Service Training Program, awards for outstanding public service. Seven Northeastern counties were represented at the “Outstanding Service Awards for 1974” were presented by Dr. Michelini to Federal Judge Max Rosenn and to Director Andrew Shaw, Jr., for outstanding effort in flood recovery work and for their contributions to the betterment of the community. Judge Rosenn’s award was accepted by Mrs. Rosenn. Mrs. Hugo V. Mailey, widow of the founder of the Institute and its Director until his death 1971, was again a special Honored Guest. dinner. The program was arranged and supervised by Fred H. Miller and Viola G. Harris, I.R.A. Program Supervisors, with Philip R. Tuhy, Associate Director I.R.A., serving as toastmaster. The Invocation and Benediction were given by Major Earl Camuti, Chairman Coordinating Council, Certificates Salvation Army, Wyoming Valley, were presented by Miss Harris and Mr. Miller, representing the Institute. ’ ' • i r-» a r->_____________________ Dr. Francis J. Michelini, President, Wilkes College, welcomed the diners, recalling that the Institute had graduated more students than had the College and commended the Institute and staff for its 22 years service in promoting the He College’s dedication to community service, congratulated award recipients for their awareness that education is a continuing process ---------- .„ „...a r ._ 5 and on their -■-■r willingness willingness to to contribute contribute their time and ®”orts vo|untarily to better fit them for public service in their chosen fields. Following introduction of the I.R.A. staff and special guests by Andrew Shaw, Jr., Director of ■R A. and Assistant to the President, Mr. Rjchard Relatin'n, 1’ Consultant Consultant in in Human and Public u. Ons. spoke spoke on the subject "Never Treat Humans'Like Relations". Relying mainly on his °Wn £ of rapid-fire and sparkling wit, Mr. Jacksoin hammered through his thesis that each Person b COu|d realize daily happiness and satisfaclion t^'-Planning ahead and then executing each day som --------- —o’—har individuals which act ° toward toward ^ou|q n e acl other individuals The s ° or dinarily be ordinarily be considered necessary. rTlernorv fGr received the longest ovation in the y 01 guests who had attended the dinner I.R.A. MAY WORKSHOPS Two well-attended workshops were conducted by the Institute of Regional Affairs during May under direction of Miss Viola G. Harris and Mr. Fred H. Miller, Program Directors. The first, held on May 21 and repeated on conducted by the Institute in May 22, was ' uuv .i with the Luzerne County Intermediate cooperation Unit #18 in the Stark Learning Center. Specially ucoiyi designed as part of the In-Service Training Program for Educational Secretaries, the workshop topic "Communications" "Communications” explored the general area of communications in relation to wf ” school' secretaries, telephone techniques, and filing secretaries, telephone techniques, of 72 78 ” school procedures. A total cf *—1 employees attended the two sessions, conducted informally by Miss Harris, approaching the subject from the and1 hz how “manner in which we talk to one another ---------"- we can be better listeners". p on May zj 23,, also The second workshop conducted in cooperation vwith Intermediate Unit #18. was attended by by 17 school business personnel and secretaries, and discussed the Procedures" and “Insurance". topics “Accounting F--------" '> were made on — Instructional presentations of "Accounting" by Robert Robert S. S. Capin, Dean Mvadv....’o Affairs. Wilkes College, and on Academic “Insurance" byJ. A. Caron, CPCU, Vice President, First Insurance Management Companies. Wyncote, Pennsylvania. Fred Miller supervised the program. Certificates of Attainment were awarded at the Annual I.R.A. Awards Dinner. �INSTITUTE OF REGIONAL AFFAIRS VOL. XXf NEWSLETTER JUNE 15, 1974 NO. 5 ,_____ i nine News-Letter,, published This r annually as a community *service times *33 in the Institute of Regional originates ___ Notes and ....... . _ of Wilkes College. Affairs ci inquiries may be addressed auu.v__ J to Professor Walter H. Niehoff, Editor, Institute of Regional Affairs, Wilkes College, WilkesBarre, Pennsylvania 18703. Subscription free upon request. .re assured of better services in^k9 communities are > 509 men and women dedicated i6 future becauseraised the level of their compete^0 public service r specialized courses of stu^ by completing by < sponsored by I.R.A. Luzerne County Civil Wilkes-Barre. This number of Certificates of Attainment in i0 courses was awarded at the Institute s Annual Awards Dinner on May 29. This constitutes the ,„t number of completions in any one third largest record being 689 completions in 1971 year, the r„. The courses and the number of certificates earned this year were: — Course SPECIAL AWARD TO DIRECTOR SHAW Andrew Shaw, Jr., Director of the Institute of Regional Affairs, received a Special Service Award from Wilkes College "as an expression of appreciation for his total commitment to improv­ ing public service and his untiring efforts as an outstanding public servant for the municipality, county, and the Commonwealth. The award was presented by Dr. Francis J. Michelini, President, Wilkes College. In his presentation, Dr. Michelini said, “In any search for an example of success in matching the man with the job, one could hardly do better than Andrew Shaw, Jr., and the Institute of Regional Affairs". In addition to his duties and responsibilities as Director of I. R. A., Shaw is a member of the College's Department of Political Science, and Executive Director of the Flood Recovery Task force since its inception. He is Secretary of the Susquehanna River Basin Association, and Chair­ man of the Advisory Board of the Northeastern Regional Personnel Service Center. Because of his broad training, wide experience, energy and dedication, he was recently appointed by Dr. Michelini as Assistant to the President for Management and Institutional Research. Shaw is a native of Plains, returning to his home area to service the College and the Institute following receipt of the degree of Master of Governmental Administration at the University of Pennsylvania, employee of the City of Philadelphia. Director of the Lehigh Valley Branch of the Pennsylvania Economy League, „„u „luol and most recently Director of Research, Central Division of EC0”n” L“"“e Quartered in cooperation with th Defense and the City 0, Number Completions 115 Accessors (Site Analysis) 17 Accounting 58 Auxiliary Police 12 Basic Communications 78 Communication & Filing 41 Constables Disaster Planning & Operations 15 25 Light Duty Rescue 54 Medical Self Help 94 Small Arms Course instructors provided by the College, the City of Wilkes-Barre, and the Luzerne County Civil Defense Department were: — Affiliation Instructor Capin, Robert S. Dean Academic Affairs, Wilkes Broody, Anthony Medical Self Help Instructor, Luzerne County Civil Defense Dubick, Daniel Asst. Communications Officer Luzerne County Civil Defense Garrity, Thomas P. Chief Assessor, Luzerne County Goldenziel, Gene E. Attorney, Lackawanna County Harris, Viola G. Program Superviser, I.R.A., Wilkes Krombel, Edwin Asst. Fire Chief, Wilkes-Barre Lowe, John Captain of Police, Wilkes-Barre Scott, Daniel Asst. Fire Chief, Wilkes-Barre Souchick, Nicholas Director, Luzerne Civil Defense Wint, Walter E. Sgt. Detectives, Wilkes-Barre ^'precipir*— produced public reaction . government have ^ich is forcing states to consider ethics law or In 1973, 25 state election finance reforms. -t laws aimed at legislatures enacted significant Some money and secrecy. Co — of tthe new laws will practices in the states, others reform campaign pr call for doing the public business in the open. doing to be even more This year year promises “State of the State” productive. In their 1974 .gductive- In of at least 26 states ---'nos. the governors propSd such legislative reform. voter registration, tour states have been asked by their governors to establish branch registration offices, mobile registrars, registration by mail, and registration up to 10 days before an election. Moving primary election dates from spring to September has also been proposed. ' , chastised the Carter, Georgia,, governor the Attorney General's uYT3 and endorsed lobbyists othics legislation, and broad ethics laws were in Illinois and Mississippi, would be more closely “ousted “under proposals in Alaska, Arizona, ES. Missouri, Oklahoma. and Tennessee. ? Se°; requirements for public Financial disclosure r stiffened by proposals in Idaho, officials would be t. ’, Oklahoma, and Tennessee, Michigan, Missouri, awards 3 to to arcmtecrs architects and engineers Contract would regulated to to insure ethical ______ be more closely closely regulated conduct conduct by by measures measures in in Kansas, K„r.cc_, Maryland, Missouri, and Tennessee, and lobbyists would be Missouri, and Tennessee, and regulated by gubernatorial proposals in Michigan, regulated by c, ' Missouri, and Tennessee. The doors of government would be opened to doors of government ... Mississippi, citizens through “sunshine” laws in and West Virginia which, together with Tennessee laws in 1973. did not have open meeting ----r____ laws have been Improvements in open meeting yRhode Island, and proposed in Arizona, Michigan, Wisconsin. Campaign financing reforms, mostly to beef up and campaigns, financial disclosure of candidates and campaig , have been proposed by at least 22 governors Alaska, Colorado, Delaware, Idaho, Indiana, Kansas, Maine, Maryland, Michigan, Mmnesot , Missouri, New Mexico, New York, unio, Oklahoma, Rhode Island, South Carolina, o Dakota, Tennessee, Virginia, Wisconsin, an Jersey. Limits on campaign spending have Proposed in Kansas, Maine, Minnesota, Perhaps California has taken the lead in this reform movement. Governor Pat Brown, Jr. has requested an independent citizens commission to review ballot measures, taking this task from the legislative analyst. He has also called for a constitutional amendment to make the Secretary of State a nonpartisan position. At the time of this writing, California voted more than 2-1 in favor of a constitutional amendment severely restricting campaign contributions and financing. Probably, not all of these proposals will be 'V be considerably watered enacted, or, perhaps may L-----------down. Nevertheless, their their mere mere consideration "•L.g: — Government should prove at least something: - ... u. -.----- zr?"j will act when and if at any level in a democracy w... .3 aroused enough to put pressure the public is where the action must be taken. ’■**3 in the ethic and This movement by the states of what —:- ---------- reform area is3 reminiscent election reorganize their executive occured in the states to r_ by *the ...... L, u- Hoover branches following federal action universal action by Commission, and also almost stringent anti-racket the states in enacting more famous laws following the fv. ____ "Kefauver Commission Wisconsin. Anonymous or cash campaign con^iby!!,°j Maryland, W be limited or prohibited in Kansas, Ma y _ ■ "-n Sou'h Carolina, and Wisconsin. Corporation additional contributions would be banned in three - with ®‘ates. and in Maryland those connected would JPorations doing business with the S a■ to report contributions made to md.v duals, aim Jersey is considering public ina ratiOn „ ,ernatorial elections and limit co p ntr’ibutions. The $1.00 checkoff system Report. JUDGE MAX ROSENN HONORED The Honorable Max Rosenn, Esquire, Judge of the United States Court of Appeals, Third Circuit, received the Institute’s Public Service Award for his “total commitment to improving public service and his untiring efforts as an outstanding public servant for the municipality, the county, and the Commonwealth”. The presentation was made by Dr. Francis J. Michelini. President of the College and was accepted by Mrs. Rosenn in the absence of the Judge. during the Great Judge Rosenn’s services the recovery period Flood of 1972 and during CillU During the alone merited specialI recognition. and unorganized of confusion Rosenn and a handful initial period wa;~~y activity, Judge , the Flood Recovery emergency civic leaders incorporated He became its chairman and of c... in July. to guioe f.u.itsL.:* catalytic, action, and Task Force guide its catalytic, g programs until September when its continued were well underway. Having resigned at coordinating well underway. however, he continued as chairman by programs w continued request ofhethe Board of Directors, until that time, of the (continued on next page) unanimous �December. He continues to serve as an active member of the Task Force. A native of Plains and currently a residentI of Kingston, he was graduated from Cornell University in 1929. received a law degree at the University of Pennsylvania Law School in 1932\ and graduated from the University of Michigan s Judge'Advocate General School in 1944 while serving in the U.S. Army. He was admitted to the Bar of Luzerne County in 1932 and to practice before the Superior and Supreme Courts of Pennsylvania, the Supreme Court of the United States, the Supreme Court of the Phillipines. In addition, he was an Assistant District Attorney of Luzerne County, and is currently a member of the Pennsylvania Supreme and Superior Court Criminal Procedural Rules Committee. Even a partial account of his public services reflects his broad talents and his total commit­ ment to the people. Included in these services are former Secretary of Public Welfare under Governor William Scranton: member of the State Executive Board: former Chairman of the Pennsylvania Human Relations Commission; Chair­ man of the Governor’s Council for Human Services: member of the Pennsylvania Commission on Interstate Cooperation: Pennsylvania State Council of Civil Defense; member of the Governor’s Commission to Revise the Public Laws of Pennsylvania: Chairman of the Pennsylvania Executive-Legislative Task Force to Restructure the Delivery of Human Services in Pennsylvania State Government. He holds l'_ Honorary Membership in t!. the Federal Bar Association, the t..„ American IICI I^Cll College- of Trial Lawyers, and the International '"‘-'■-t-—J Academy of Trial Lawyers. Despite his involvements as a Federal Judge and Commonwealth activities, Judge keeps his finger on the^pulse^ of Wyoming and continues to respond to the peoples’ ---------• neecis A surprise award was presented to Dire Andrew Shaw, Jr., at the Annual Awards Din'Ot by General Frank Townend in recognition Of years of public service performed by the Instjt I'e of Regional Affairs throughout Northeaster Pennsylvania. 11 The citation reads: — “For outstanding cooperation and dedicated service rendered by the Director and Staff Of Institute of Regional Affairs, Wilkes College. The Defense Civil Preparedness Agency, Luzerne County Civil Defense, and the residents 0| Luzerne County express appreciation for fifteen years of assistance in the Continuing Education Prooram Program for for Civil Civil Defpnsp Defense Vninntaaro Volunteers. » THOUGHTS FOR TODAY A hypocrite is someone who writes a book praising atheism and then prays that it will sell well. Marriage is the difference between painting the town and painting the porch. There must be a lot of good left in some people, because most of it never gets out. The United States is the only country in the world where the jury is locked up and the defendant goes home. If you can’t eat a peanut butter sandwich without getting it stuck t„ ... to the roof of your mouth — try eating it upside down. A bore is cnc one whose actions and conversation have the impact of -f a streaker in a nudist camp. IRA NEWSLETTER !?.S,’b'lute of Regional Affairs Wilkes College Wilkes-Barre, Pa. 18703 Non-Profit Organization U. S. POSTAGE PAID Return Postage Guaranteed Wilkes-Barre, Pa. Permit No. 355 U/julU A I.R.A. RECOGNIZED TOO ) (PA NEWS-LETTER VOL. XX, No- 6 ° WILKES COLLEGE, WILKES-BARRE, PENNA. SO LONG ’TIL FALL NEWSLETTER is published on a This basis nine times each year. There is monthly a three month hiatus during the normally suuhi .v. months to permit staff time off for summer vacations, to make activity plans for the coming school year, and to establish firm schedules. Then too, since most of our readers also take vacations, it would be difficult to forward all their 'favorite mountain or copies to them L— at 11 shore3 resort, r-------- and we certainly couldn’t expect its due interest the [publication to be read with . napS on tu„ the by those who will take long household hammock. So, the next issue will reach mid-October. We do hope you will until then. you by miss us CELEBRATE WHAT? July 4, 1976 will mark the 200th anniversary of our independence as a nation. Age itself gives us little cause for celebration for among the family of nations, we are not the eldest or the youngest. Nor is the mere fact of independence. The true significance of the observance is that two centuries ago a nation was founded on tenets of faith which for the first time in history proclaimed the dignity and freedom of the Common Man. We celebrate because through all the vicissitudes of history, 'be ideals of the Revolution of 76 have survived as the creed of America and the hope of the Peoples of the world. preparations for the occasion are underway, ndadelphia, the City of Independence, has °=en designated as the official Bicentennial 7’ and the Congress has made initial PproPriations for projects there. But all unrt6ri5an oommunities should, and will EvPn,Ubuedly Participate in appropriate fashion. Hov/7bere 'here are signs of planning pains, mom ° ce'ebrate is the large question of the c0nroent’ and| Perhaps, may be the primary rn for the next two years, and counting. We How we celebrate is indeed important. But, bNt, our primary concern now and in the • JULY 15, 1974 future should be with what we are celebrating. Communities can at any time sponsor public displays, hold parades, perform pageants, listen to speches, and even construct monuments, bridges, hospitals, recreation centers, or dedicate public parks. These are good. But such activities are not enough apropos of our Bicentennial. Its’ true significance, and the thrust of our effort, should be in recalling the principles of the American Creed born in the Revolution of 76 and reaffirming our faith in that Creed as the goal of the continuing American Revolution. At this very moment in our history, there is a growing doubt whether the American people remember the basics of that revolutionary faith. We are often said to be a confused people lacking real social values because we have forgotten the facts and meaning of the democratic ideals which have bound us into a free nation. The mere word “revolution” has become traitorous. Ignorance of the articles of faith upon which our nation was established and developed is approaching an alarming state. To relearn and rededicate ourselves to the fundamentals of American independence — this during the next two years which is the problem c_. ‘ should be of primary concern to our governments, our churches, our schools, our families, and all individuals. There is no better better teaching guide for relearning the facts and meaning of our democratic experience than the unique and courageous words of Thomas Jefferson. “We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are life liberty and the pursuit of happiness. That to secure these rights, governments are instituted among men, deriving their just powers from the consent of the noverned - That whenever any Form of Government becomes destructive o these ends it is the Right of the People to alter e abolish it and to institute new or ’ (continued on next page) �INSTITUTE OF REGIONAL AFFAIRS VOL. XX NEWSLETTER JULY 15, 1974 including everything from candy bars to air conditioning. NO. 6 ■*", published nine This News-Letter, a community service times annually as a c of Regional originates in the Institute I..-. Affairs of Wilkes College, Notes and inquiries may be addressed to Professor ------- .H. Niehoff. Editor, Institute of Walter Regional Affairs, Wilkes College, WilkesBarre. Pennsylvania 18703. Subscription free upon request. Government, laying its foundation on such principles and organizing its powers in such form, as to them shall seem most likely to effect their Safety and Happiness.” These truths, which are the American Creed, had lain dormant in the spirit of man for centuries. Our Declaration of Independence for the first time in history congealed then into a positive credo and bravely proclaimed them to the world. They have since been the goal of all freedom loving peoples. They comprise the soul of America. Their reaffirmation is the object of the Bicentennial. Perhaps we ought to paste a copy of Jefferson’s statement on our bathroom mirrors to remind us each morning that these ideals are what America is all about. Many of us have never learned them: others have forgotten them; and still others question the validity of the contention that striving for them has been the essence of our nation’s history. Some attribute our greatness as a free nation to our long isolation by two oceans from the destructive wars of Europe; others to the good fortune of rich natural resources at the very moment when the Industrial Revolution required them. Frederick Jackson Turner wrote that it was the existence of the ever-shifting frontier and its challenges which endowed American civilization with unique promise and vitality and a NEW set of ideals to meet the demands of the new environment. The great flood of i. immigrants to this country, it is frequently said, occured, not because Europeans sought to escape —P- the ;i.u civil civil and political oppression of class societies, societies, but but purely to escape their abject prnnAmjA ~----- ■ economic poverty. In his Nobel r;„L Prize winning book, Americans: The “The ..a Democratic Experience", Boorstin tries to show that we became Daniel democratic nation, not because a great °f some There may be at least some validity to all these theories, but the logical implication of Is that throughout our history, yes, even On ■ July 4, 1776, Americans have only paid "lip servl™ to the truths of the Declaration. Obviously, Obviously individuals and as a nation we have not -’ ’ as always “lived up to” Jefferson’s American credo, Neither have we fully achieved its ultimate - goal, Nor have we agreed on the meaning' o ofj “equality of all men", how “government by the consent of the governed” can be implemented, or if the “right to alter or abolish” unacceptable government includes the right to violent revolution. There is, indeed, a dichotomy between our democratic ideals and their practice, and our failure to resolve the difference in two centuries poses a threat to our free society. Gunnar Myrdal, noted Swedish scholar, pointed out this conflict between the principles of what he termed “The American Dream” — the essential dignity of the individual, the basic equality of all men, and certain inalienable rights to freedom, justice and fair opportunity — and the treatment of minority groups, especially the negroes, in America. He did not, however, disavow the principles nor the practice. His thesis was that the disjunction between the national creed and daily practice were really a promising sign. Despite our conflicting views, he says, there is a strong unity in our nation because we all have something in common — "a social ethos, a political creed.” It is difficult to avoid the judgment that this American Creed is the cement in the structure of this great and disparate nation”. In short, Americans may not always “practice what they preach”, but they do believe that Jefferson■’s principles OUGHT to rule our nation’s- conduct. , ------------------These iih-oc pilHUipiCO may principles but.the important point. is thatt as a people we believe in them as our American Creed. Our geographic frontiers are gone; our critical resources are near exhaustion; our immigration laws no longer invite the freedomseeking poor and oppressed of the world; and, our almost universal ”cal enjoyment of material conveniences r:, ’. may be severely limited by economic dysfunction — were the forces ---------- If these which created and developed held us together spiritually, our nation, and what future has America without them? Americans have , . never put much stock in ideologies like j the neatly tied .. theoretical packages of Marxist-Leninism, Fascism, or National ft, • I Z-v I ■ —~ —— ““ ,'ssible to make a comprehensive list of ,._3 them into a logical system to organize “t whatever they are, ideals have them °r |ht. But of th°u9. united nation with more freedom a i*.-than the world ever dreamed atfeSlity possible- not be altogether correct to call It may u concept a comprehensive lefferson’s basic reed. Nevertheless,, his pregnant words are and the ending of whatever both the beginning < our creed may be. The failure of our modern educational Institutions, our churches, and our families to inculcate and explain the inner meaning and importance, yes of worship, of the immortal words of our Declaration of Independence, is a real threat to the life of the world’s greatest and freest nation. Ignorance and unawareness of the Declaration’s concepts among our high school and college students is appalling. It is, if anything, worse among those with little or no ’ wonder that some “cynics” schooling. Little contend that our country is falling apart at the seams. What else can we expect without a creed of common social values to bind us together? What should we celebrate during our . The articles of conviction and faith bicentenary? — original which gave dignity and nobility to our Revolution and provided a common faith which made us one people. How should we celebrate our Bicentenary? Have your pageants, your speeches, your parades, your monuments, and spend the next two years in preparation. But, better still, bend every effort during those years to relearn, rclcc'", reaffirm, and reteach through every means the essential equality of all men, the basic rights of a free people, the the right right of the governed to Severn, and the alterability of government as 'he people deem appropriate and proper. To this goal, “We pledge our ortunes, and our sacred honor.” lives, our CIVIL DEFENSE COURSES The Luzerne County Civil Defense Center has Jeased its 1974 - 75 training schedule of c°urses offered without charge by Civil Defense of the Institute of®0nnel with the cooperation C. ‘ 01 Regional Affairs. once" courses consist of two-hour classes held schedule iisiori !ach week according to the h course Certificates of Attainment will be awarded to those completingJ ;a course by the Institute of Regional Affairs. Light Duty Rescue Aug. 19 8 wks. Auxiliary Police Sept. 5 10 wks. Basic Communications Sept. 6 10 wks. Medical Self-help Sept. 11 8 wks. Small Arms Sept. 16 Concrete City Control Center Control Center Control Center 8 wks. W-B Police Hq. Shelter Management Oct. 8 4 wks. Control Center Control Center Operations 6 wks. Nov. 4 Control Center Auxiliary Police Jan. 9 Control Center 10 wks. Small Arms 8 wks. Jan. 13 Disaster Plan & Operation 6 wks. Jan. 13 Medical Self-help Jan. 15 8 wks. W-B Police Hq. Control Center Control Center Shelter Management Feb. 25 4 wks. Control Center Light Duty Rescue Apr. 21 8 wks. Concrete City Instructors will include: — ...., D. Dubik; A. Broody; E. Krombel; W. Wint; N. Souchik. Capt. J. Lowe; A. Edwards; EJ. -------- , s should contact the Interested persons^ Luzerne County (--------- Control Center. tuhy directs COMMUNITY EFFORT R. Tuhy, Department of Professor Philip at Wilkes College, and Political Science of Regional Associate Director of the Institute to the position of assigned Affairs, has been Community Effort in the Director of Wilkes Office of Community Programs. Wilkes College B. Jost, former Director who has Mrs. Rebecca to join her husband, has informed left the area ' the appointment, organizations of community ubmiting requests ----- - �pmaa survey I.R.A. IN-SERVICE PROGRAM The 1974-75 In-service Training Program sponsored by the Institute of Regional Affairs is now in the process of formulation by Viola Harris and Fred Miller, Program Directors. Courses and meeting times have not been finalized as of the publication date of this NEWSLETTER, but, according to the Directors, the following are being contemplated:— Proposed Course Number of Weeks Basic Police Police Administration Basic Fire Fire Technology Borough Officials Borough Secretaries Township Officials & Commissioners Security Guards and Police Correctional Workers School Educational Secretaries School Board Directors School Bus Drivers School Custodians School Business Officials School Food Service Workers Municipal Officials Instructor Training Family Crisis Intervention Legal Secretaries Wine Tasting Basic Photography Creative Stitchery Model Trains 24 12 15 12 12 10 12 24 24 6 6 6 2 (days) 6 6 10 15 20 6 3 6 8 8 The Institute of Regional Affairs js j completion stage of a survey of the charao?6 istics and qualifications of members^' to provide updated information to assist the Association and its Board of Directors 1 in policy-making and to facilitate its relations > with state governmental agencies, the general Public and its individual members. THOUGHTS FOR TODAY A speaker once said, “My duty is to speak■ and yours to listen, but if you finish before"'; do, please let me know.” Calvin Coolidge once profoundly concluded that “When people get out of work, unemploymnnt ionrlc ment tends to rion rise.”” It’s not too bad to learn that your grandfather was the town drunk until you realize that he lived in New York City. Some people who drove compact cars during the gas shortage tried to maintain their status by showing pictures of the Cadillacs they had at home. After several years of matrimony, many a wife notices that something has gone out of - - - -o ------------1----------------------- • •• her marriage. Usually it’s her husband. An indecisive gentlemen thought of killing himself but couldn’t make up his mind. So he threw himself in front of a parked car. To dress up his streaking outfit, well-dressed man wears a clip-on-tie. IRA NEWSLETTER Institute of Regional Affairs Wilkes College Wilkes-Barre, Pa. 18703 the Non-Profit Organization U. S. POSTAGE PAID Return Postage Guaranteed NEWS-LETTER Pennsylvania Municipal authorities affiliated •°f the Pennsylvania Municipal Authorities Asso^^ tion. The project was commissioned by p(.C,3' Wilkes-Barre, PaPermit No. 355 VOL. xxTn°ZL2 WILKES COLLEGE, WILKESjARRE, PENNAfVT)CTOBER~iKT974 the most unalienable right,law to tempered be protected by equal justice under by mercy; y TO MEET AN OBLIGATION ;uggested in our July issue that the We si > for celebration of the way to prepare best —n Bicentenary Iin 1976 was to bend every American next two years to relearn, effort during the ... —i the principles of the reteach, and reaffirm and the Constituof Independence Declaration c* United States which reflect the _ne L iulo^ ------------tion of n the Creed. Having made the suggestion, American Giccu. - ------ o we feel obligated to do what we ack ask of oth° others. ,'e That liberty is secure only under government based upon the consent of the governed, and that the people desire to govern them­ selves and are capable of doing so; That the purpose of government is to protect Man’s unalienable rights, and that representa­ tive government best fulfills that purpose; To this end, we plan to devote a portion of each subsequent NEWSLETTER to identify the concepts generally accepted as basic elements in our Creed and to Creed and to comment on each to reader’s thought and evaluation in stimulate the r------- . his own point of view. The terms of of the series is not what we say, importance through individual reaction t:..._j ‘- self­ but your evaluation. Since the Institute of Regional Affairs and its NEWSLETTER are are primarily primarily dedicated to improvement of community' life through good -..., might be challenged government, such a series i Creed as irrelevant, dealing as it does with a C:zzfor the Nation as a whole, It is enough to say that the strength of the Nation can be no local greater than the composite of its ,,,O1O ... American Creed communities. There can be no apart from that acknowledged and practiced in he local communities in which we live. We urge our readers to give meaning to our “'centenary by contributing their own reflections n the American Creed to those about them 0 may not otherwise be aware of what our erican Revolution, and the Nation to which it 9ave birth, are all about. IS THIS OUR CREED? DO YOU believe? — That an men are inherently equal, having -------.beings . ,beyond the power as |human ot society and its government; Thatthl*c 1® State was made for Man, not Man for the State, and that the individual’s liberty is That government should be based upon established legal principles, not on arbitrary force or the will of any individual or group, and that separation of the powers in govern­ ment and the separation of Church and State are conductive to this end; That government officials are subordinate to the law and are bound to legal processes for law enforcement rather than resort to arbitrary force or violence; That the military establishment must always remain subordinate to the civil authority; That political equality mandates universal sufferage, uncontaminated by discrimination because of race, color, creed, or nationality, and that a free system of political parties is an essential avenue to this objective; That viability of government requires decision­ making by majority will, changing rules only by legal and orderly methods, and assuring constitutional protection of all minorities; That freedom of choice, including the right of dissent without persecution by society or government is the essence of democracy; That government should be an instrument to protect the welfare of all the people against economic and social abuses; societal privileges That our inherent rights and by performance of corare secure only by responding duties; ■ ■ t to revolt That the moral, if not the legal, right arbitrary and against hopeless odds of an <-.-. is inviolate, but that repressive government next page) (continued on i �INSTITUTE OF REGIONAL AFFAIRS VOL. XX NEWSLETTER OCT. 15, 1974 NO. 7 This News-Letter, published nine times annually as a community service originates in the Institute of Regional Affairs of Wilkes College. Notes and inquiries may be addressed to Professor Walter H. Niehoff, Editor, Institute of Regional Affairs. Wilkes College. WilkesBarre. Pennsylvania 18703. Subscription free upon request. our flexible political system makes its use remote, provided the people exercise their responsibilities; That the American system and all that our Creed implies depends now and ultimately upon a responsible and responsive system of free and unshackled public education. THE STATE OF RS October marks the sees second anniversary of Revenue Sharing under the :.'.j State and Local Fiscal Assistance Act of .. 1972. .... It seems an appropriate time to take stock of .. the ..._ state w, of r’° today *_J we did RS as v: J’.J in the March, 1974, issue of the NEWSLETTER no ^LETTER on its first anniversary, Evaluations of this innovation of returning to the local level the power of decision-making range from a big success to a big bust. If we stand in judgment of RS at this stage of the game, it is only fair that we base our evaluation on the success or failure to meet the objectives of the Act. Although there remains considerable controversy over these objectives, some c" generalization is valid. The limitations -------c.,3 of existing categorical strict „ grant programs of the Federal :ndcrsl government violated the American tradition cl of local self-determination self-determination of needs and priorities, _, and, at the same time, excluded m-* most1 localities from ----- 1 the benefits of federal funding to ease the financial bind in which they were squeezed. The intent of ...~ ■inciii of the Act was to i reduce such by such restrictions re s t r i c t i o n s broadening the i fundable cateooriec bring financial assistance within categories to level of government and the reach of every government to permit each jurisdiction-12 t~ deternii J ' ne how such funds could best be used .1 taxes <or avoid increases; raise—thereduce local ­ permit addition of quality of old re services or improved I operation new ones, either through and maintenance capital or by expenditures; or, to . — or, to reduce indebted!lness or avoid public ,J undue increases. The information for evaluation a a ye was not definitive. Some trends were q r ' ing, but the results of scattered and f-6Ve|' tary surveys, including one by the Off;3” Revenue Sharing, did not cast much light ' the success or failure to attain the objects uPofl the Act. They appeared to indicate that .65 ' 0| ln the first year public safety and education were largest recipients, and that large, urb Jhj . municipalities used most of the funds0'"'Zej meeting their enormous maintenance for anq operating deficits, while small communities favored capital expenditures. There was the some evidence to indicate that about[ half the units applied RS funds to reduce taxes -j or at least avoid increases, and to some extent to avoid or lessen debt increases, A primary concern a year ago was that RS grants were replacing previous categorical o._ grants, not providing new money for descretionary J use. Unfortunately, on this second anniversary current data sheds little more light ... U1C on the results of the program. The Advisory Commis­ sion on Intergovernmental Relations itsell admits that the Planned and Actual Use RC( ? Reports required under the Act are “worthless for any analysis of the ultimate impact of the program". The asserts that that while while central TU* Commission —:„.i asserts cities have received more more aid aid than than suburban communities, they have received substantial cutbacks in categorical programs, It also notes the eroding effects of inflation ,and minimizes the effects of incentives for greater use of the personal income taxes. Even the Office of Revenue Sharing hedges somewhat in its conclusion that although the RS program “appears" to be satisfying many of the objectives of the Act, more accurate and more current data to provide more equity in allocations and that population and per capita income data, which are the basis for determining allotments, have not been updated. Any doubts of the weak spots in the RS program are dispelled by noting that ACIR has made a long list of recommendations t0 improve the program where weaknesses have already become conclusive, weaknesses The Commission' especially recognizes the prevalence of dis­ criminatory practices and the reluctance of states to alleviate _. the pressures of local taxation by adoption of state personal income | taxes. Senator IMuskie’s Subcommittee on InterSubcommittee governmental Relations last June issued a s last June report on the . use and attitude toward revenue sharing in 14 oiaies, 16 counties, and 15 citie states, 16 r— The fact that only 45 jurisdictions -t only 45 jurisdictions informally surveyed by telephone, and that survey touched on only six broad questions, indicative of the shallowness of informal1 HUH??? .As far as most of our , availablecurrents, c concerned, only the state governare CL. readers ;''Pennsylvania and Allegheny County merlt of itacted. con' were Report produced only four major The (elusions about RS nationally, and they are com to be of little use in a reasonable 50 Son of the program to date. These '1 of raluation e its were that (1) general revenue sharing reou... were reS helped . ,„„r| to to hold down taxes at the State and has (2) local level; L. " a significant majority of large ;; face critical fiscal situations, while a cities still of States and counties presently enjoy majority > r good fiscal conditions; (3) cutbacks in stable or categorical programs have clouded the Federal c of revenue sharing as new money; promise (4) State; and local officials still overwhelmingly support tthe concept of general revenue sharing. No data was provided on Allegheny County, but did include the replies from the Penn­ sylvania government. The State said that revenue sharing had no direct effect on its tax level; that RS funds are looked at as both new money and replacement for loss of categorical grants or impoundments; that the funds permitted new programs in transportation, subsidies for school districts, aid to counties to meet court costs, mass transit and day care, but that funds also replaced others lost. The State alleged that programs for the aging would have suffered without RS, and that the State’s fiscal situation is healthy, with a sizeable year-end treasury surplus, despite a $300 million cut in State taxes. And, it should be especially noted, that although the State considered the RS concept good, it admitted that the program was not having as much of a positive effect as predicted. Where, then, do we find ourselves on this second anniversary of the Revenue Sharing program? Has it been a big success or a big flop? Much as we should IL>~ -----like to tprovide a reasonably positive answer, the fact is that no one r-'” ■ ‘ ' ready knows for the simple reason that no c°mprehensi'ive study has been made by even ttle Office Office of Revenue Sharing. But, in all fairness it is unreasonable to expect that such ® revolutionary — 7 and innovative program should subject to final judgment after only two ..yoject hectic years of experience. One cconclusion, at least, is obvious from all our sources 0verwh7 v?“ ~ State and local officials are efrnlng|y jn support of RS, despite the many ( criticisms against it. And, judging from rePorts these °,,icials of the intensive lobbying by fate and their organizations, the t — - of General Revenue Sharing will be decided by the c°n9rei Srnen and senators elected in November. We ail know the meaning of “Huh???”, because we use it quite often. It’s a slang expression we ■ use to avoid suspicion of our ignorance when some sophisticate overwhelms us by talking over our heads, In short, it’s a coverup. Not only is it it common among laymen, but, we fear, it i ; . among -----may be the fastest growing part ofamong the local - ----- vocabulary government officials. Oldtimers say that life in the “qood old days was happy because it was simple. The younguns ’ learned it in school. Local as^Zv^^0, TOS °nCe quite simPle’ and as Andy Jackson contended, any “common man could understand its operations and perform its duties. Almost any ordinary person felt capable of performing local official duties, and accepted the “honor” of elective or appointive office. Perhaps all but the "town idiot could grasp municipal problems and cope with them. Thus, there was little or no need to ever say “huh???” to coverup ignorance. Anyone knew how to build or repair a dirt street, and frequently wielded a pick and shovel himself. The fact that an elected constable was available in itself tended to keep crime off the streets. Many of the economic and social problems of to-day were the personal responsibility of the individual citizen. They may have been “tough”, but, since they were not within the duties of local officials, there was no need to cover official ignorance or helplessness with a “huh???”. Things have changed! Life has gotten quite complex and the problems of local government have more than kept pace. The decades of the fifties, sixties and the early seventies have witnessed a perplexing increase in the number and complexity of local problems and the techniques for their solution. Even govern­ mental terminology has become quite over­ whelming, confounding even the experts . Pity the local councilman and school director, or the township commissioner or supervisor! For the most part, they still fit Jackson’s category of the “common man We “honor" them by electing them to office assuming, of course, that they can comprehend meiMobs and perform their duties effectively. Bu their roles are no longer as simple as their IUIC roles are but men d t0 know more Jackson claimed. cla.med._ They, need,^ Sprjng than how to “drag” rutted concerned only with minor They are no longer gu,,^ crime or protection of health by placing a a house house a afficted' with the quarantine sign on a mumps. People can no no longer longer handle many of their own problems and look more and more to their local officials. They ,ev demand hard-surfaced water supply, sanitary streets, ready pure v-----. �sewage, expensive fire and police protection around the clock, school mergers and more sophisticated education. Such services and highly technical problems of financing them have tar a generation overtaxed the capacities of many elected public servants. As if these were not enough to overwhelm officials, innovative federal and state programs for health, housing, urban renewal, and model cities have reached a point almost of incomprehensability for the average lay official. Now, how many public officials could face their electorate if they openly admitted they do not understand? So they simply avoid embarassment by saying “huh???". For some time, though, the “experts” came to his assistance. They understood and appeared to have all the ready answers. Consultants could make study after study, which, if they did not solve the problems, at least provided enough delay to permit the elected official to avoid an immediate decision based upon ignorance. Delay is no longer tolerated as it once was. Consequently, when confronted with a problem or a complicated technique, the local official has no saving resource except to act as if he understands by saying "huh???". And the end is not yet in sight! Political Science, or the study of decision-making, is producing more and more sophisticated i02JCed,s_and.techniques t0 aid officials to meet modern problems. Local officials rmust keep pace with these new developments •J or local government may be “doomed", We have a feeling that publicly elected officials will be saying "huh???”. more and fpQfg Try these challenges c for size! The systems approach' to decision-making; inputs; outputs; feedbacks; imethodological j a r pproach; work simplification; goal centered policy IRA NEWSLETTER Institute of Regional Affairs Wilkes College Wilkes-Barre, Pa. 18703 development; dysfui development, value analysis; uy STUr| communication and consequences; i. hai programming; analytic-integrative app/Oa c!near organization; planning-programming-bu?n to system; program evaluation review techm'119 boundary maintenance; cognitive dissona ; payoff vectors; multiple regression; role P| ariCe; model construction; beta coefficients y'n9; multicollinearity. ’ Sound horrendous? Sure! But don’t gentlemen, even the “experts” have been s “hitting for the hills”, and it sounds like th6n are muttering “huh???”. Do the best you ne'' to keep up! But if you can't, you might as continue to do what it seems everyone elsa 6 doing — just say “huh???”. Is THOUGHTS FOR TODAY Don’t put down your hometown because its ‘ population is small. I love mine even though its so small that if one person gets the flu, it is considered an epidemic. A complaining citizen wrote to his congressman about crime in the streets — and ___ got mugged on the way back from the mailbox. A sign of the times — a supermarket with a sign on the wall announcing that “Nobody under $21 admitted”. Psychologists have discovered that there are three ages at which men misbehave - young, middle and old. A hard-pressed young couple bought a house “with a nineteenth century atmosphere”. Turned out the bathroom was in the back yard. When flying across the nation, one must remember there’s a time difference. For example, Washington is six months behind the rest of the country. Non-Profit Organization U. S. POSTAGE Return Postage Guaranteed PAID Wilkes-Barre, Pa. Permit No. 355 WILKES COLLEGE, WILKES-BARRE, PENNA. EQUALITY ’76 centuries ago, Jefferson proclaimed that first “self-evident” truth of democracy was tJ’e. ua|| men are created equal.” In one sense 'ranother since, all democrats have believed in Quality, but the variety of meanings has been, and still is, almost as great as the number of people who have been concerned with it. The men who made the "Democratic Revolution” in 1776 made a strong commitment to this ideal. But, undoubtedly, the meaning and validity of the ideal has never been quite “self-evident”, nor the meaning as clear and unambiguous as even the revolutionaries sometimes proclaimed them to be. Indeed, the controversy over its meaning is still confused and heated. . NOV, 15, 1974 to'L,^iacL'"tey,%XTd'i,," ,he ins,an“s two Equality remains the first article of the American Creed. Democracy cannot exist with­ out some sort of belief in human equality. But in what sense are men equal? And in what respects should they be treated equally? Which inequalities are justified and which are arbitrary, illegitimate, or unjustified? Although no definition of equality will be universally accepted, Americans in the Bicentennial years owe their personal commitment to continue our 'storical search for a common understanding. The concept of equality is as old as recorded history. Herodutus, fifth century B.C., understood democracy as a society in which Drn?.'s “equality of right.” Christianity of C h™8 the equality of all men in the “eyes sj od ’ that man has the “divine spark”, and equal man is thus “of God”- every man !S more 'n the sense that no man can claim he is reconnmpOrtant tdan any other man. Even Plato way l2^d concept, in a negative sort of “dis'np^60 in the Republic, he bemoaned ^equals"^-^'’ k'ncl °f equa'ity to equals and Anie?icany D°bvious|y lay at the heart of the an Revolution; the equal rights of ,n9lishi' en, the equal rights of mankind, person r .Dec'aratiOnmerely captured its essense in the But even Richard Bland, perhaps the !east egalitarian of the revolutionary leaders ought to be made on any man on account of b rth provided his manners rise decently with th» ?lrC9™tances- and he affects not to forget the level he came from”. 9 Equality did not long remain a mere concept after the Revolution. Tocqueville, traveling in America in the period of Jackson's “Common Man”, observed that equality was an actual condition among the people in our society. “Nothing struck me more forcibly", he said^ “than the general equality among the people' ---- 1 perceived that this equality of condition is the fundamental fact from which all others seem to be derived". He believed that the people's belief went far deeper than mere cant; that they believed in essential value of each person as a human being, one person being much like another. “Equality----- is the leading feature of the United States”. James Bryce, in 1889, reaffirmed Tocqueville’s observations. “------ In America men hold others to be at bottom exactly the same as themselves. If a man is enormously rich ------ or if he is a great orator-------- or a great writer------ or a great soldier-------- or a great President, so much the better for him. He is an object of interest, perhaps of admiration, possibly even of reverence. But he is still of the same flesh and blood as other men. The admiration may be a reason for going to see him and longing to shake hands with him. But is is not a reason for----- treating him as if. he was porcelain and yourself only earthenware.” True there have been and still are those who neither deny the validity of any kind of eouality, or conceive the term to mean sameness in every respect. John C. Calhoun in hiq Disouisition on Government , completely 5e„le? S eSs theory o< equally. « d u .h” Lrnuina that people do not come into (continued on next page) �INSTITUTE OF REGIONAL AFFAIRS VOL. XX NEWSLETTER NOV. 15, 1b, 1974 i»/h NOV. public, the debate by arbitrary rulings of the .lor from made inconspicuous by being off if 1,1 or ■mi-darkness outside the range chair, questions, answer affirmatively to these mwo Mu WUOnSi v,s ser.in seated single light in not merely equate our privileges of equals/1 v'ij i the room. assert our obligations? y> bm of tbe __ practices may not be common; Such unusual. They are not only In a sense, because, of. the difference ■ are they on ices 'neither interpretation, the concept of equality pJ ii'-e of the American tradition of Vioiat|0ns c affairs, but they are in tells us little about American tradition. pe o oPpenness snne lation •--) of law. The Pennsylvania it is wiser to suggest that the vitality of Sect violation ,"n1'4 decades ago recognized Assembly concept and its role in American society, |ie ?' >■--__ by enacting “open meeting” the very conflict and controversy o’ver ? x General.revalence L, lheir,Pr’ht tu".____ ; to know” legislation designed to meaning. Perhaps Gunnar Myrdal was right Aminate them. them. For many -------years, the codes " concluding that the “American Creed” js n every class "myth”, and that our strength lies, not in th’ class of municipality in the state nave contained provisions mandating fact that we practice its ideals, but that v. specific types of public notice for regular, believe we “ought” to do so. rescheduled, and and special meetings, and provided penalties to discourage practices LET THE SUNSHINE IN! inimical to public participation. It is an easy rationalization to blame the The “Right to Know” statute, enacted in shortcomings of self-government on the 1957 and amended in 1959, consolidated people's lack of interest and participation. protection provisions of the codes into a It seems only fair to place part of the single act applicable to county commis­ blame on those local officials who have for sions, councils of cities, boroughs and so long discouraged or destroyed the towns, school boards, the Pennsylvania public’s inherent desire to have some Turnpike Commission, and “any state or significant input. No where are these municipal authorities”. It included in obstructive tactics more apparent than in i “public meetings” any session .at which the conduct of governing bodies, who, for "voting on ordinances, resolutions, or whatever motives, prefer making public ; motions" took place, and those involving decisions free of public oversight. "official action” dealing with such matters Have you experienced tactics similar to as receipt, borrowing or disbursement of Notices of these in your community? funds, fixing personal or property rights, improperly regular council meetings are and the use or disposal of services, Notices of advertised, or not at all. equipment. supplies, materials and rescheduled or special meetings are posted iui umcm , ,></.. ever, were Specifically excluded, however, at inconspicuous places, even at front would disclose facts about meetings which v___ entrances which are locked, while the (he institution, progress, progress, or or results of meeting takes place in the rear. Decisions — a --------; ____ In general, investigations by the boards. are informally made at secret caucuses, and then, this statute opened all local meetings formally voted on without discussion, t° the public, whether regular or special. debate, or public input, at regular sessions. Minority members, and sometimes even the The question obviously arises why these minority faction of the majority, are not j undesirable practices have persisted despite informed of “workshop” sessions. Agendas eir illegality. Perhaps because of gaps or are not publicized prior to public meetings opholes! Perhaps because the penalties so that potentially interested citizens are ere minimal! Perhaps because the not alerted to attend and present thel available to the individual citizen views. Public meetings of governing bodie citi? not sPeHed out! Perhaps because the spelled out! are interrupted and members go inta Ca ,.en forle'ted his his rights rights because "you “executive sessions”, either clearing the ha for i at city hall”. Whatever the reasons or moving to a backroom to privately busin era,ln9 the conduct of official public discuss matters which should be open --- -) tOt0 Penn!S? in. the “dark", the people3 Of the people. Minutes and other *, "public" their siumhy Van’a were roused from t, documents are arbitrarily denied to inquiring “secrpr by highly publicized results of citizens. Citizens, including the media, are incidiBCy as refused recognition, and even ejected frorn as practiced practiced in in “Watergate Phki;_ n‘s, the involvement in Vietnarn, the meeting, if their known posit i°ps need and tnat we "=yarqed A rortheyedigmtyd anef6opportunity? lnde^a. NO. 8 This News-Letter, published nine times annually as a community service originates in the Institute of‘ Regional ~ ' ____ i,. Notes and Affairs of Wilkes, College, ’ ? addressed to Professor inquiries may be .. Walter H. Niehoff, Editor, Institute of Regional Affairs, Wilkes College, Wilkes- Barre. Pennsylvania 18703. Subscription free upon request. consider all the symbols of democracy, including equality, as empty word They contend that Americans no longer believe in the “self-evident truths” of Jerferson which are supposed to unite citizens and to guide and restrain men's passions in the "struggle for political power". Jose Ortega Y Gasset, in the “Revolt of the Masses”, contended that the democratic ideal of equality is the root of our problem, because it has brought the masses to political power. He said that culturally this revolt of the masses is a revolt against competence “an acid which dissolves all traditional and civilized standards of human conduct." Totalitarians believe in a basic inequality between men and that the strength of society lies in a “universe of unequals”. It is obvious that the one concept of equality that is rarely accepted in America is that of “sameness" or "egalitarianism". Even portions of the New Testament suggest the desirability and righteousness of egalitarianism. And at the time of Jesus of Nazareth there were a number of sects based upon the principle of equal shares. Despite this founda­ tion in Christianity, Americans have disavowed such complete “sameness", as witness the failure of early American communal societies to attract sufficient numbers to survive. What reasonably positive assumptions about equality can we Americans accept? Can we agree that the primary value of the individual is the very foundation of our democracy------that it begins and ends with the individual? Can we accept as equal every individual as a “person" with separate identity and worth, and that every "person" as a “human being" is very much like another? Can we continue recognizing the physical, intellectual, emotional differences in each other, and still believe that all men possess moral and rational faculties and therefore, have an equal right to an opportunity for se -realization? Can we accept an equality of differences without succumbing to the legislators come easier in an election year, enactedrtae'eSS’ enacted a new General Assembly Open Meeting” lav/ commonly called the “Sunshine Law", which became effective in September, its purpose is similar to that of previous enactments in the general law of 1957 and the various municipal codes - to “Let the sunshine in” where public business is conducted. It does, however, extend the law’s provisions to more agencies, clarifies and expands the meaning of “public meetings", specifies public remedies against violations, and increases penalties slightly. The interest here is in the provisions as they effect local government. The act provides that all meetings or hearings in any political subdivision of the Commonwealth at which “formal" action is scheduled or taken shall be open to the public, and no such formal action shall be valid unless taken during a public open meeting. No public meeting shall be adjourned, begun, recessed, or interrupted in any way for the purpose of an executive session. However, executive sessions may still be held “during the course of a properly constituted public meeting”, not to exceed thirty minutes, but only for the purpose of considering dismissal or disciplining, or hearing complaints or charges against a publicly elected officer employee, or considering actions with respect to labor negotiations. Meetings must be heldI at specified .. . public notified times and places and- the i .■ announcement at a both by posting the in the public building, conspicuous location once in a newspaper and by publication in the jurisdiction. generally circulating of regular meetings must be Such notice ii three days prior to the first, given at least hours notice must be given and twenty-four .— or rescheduled meeting. of any special -- must be given to newspapers, Such notices and television stations, serving the radio on request. Public notice require7 be waived by any agency only area, ments maymeeting is to deal with "an actual when the jrr involving a clear and present ,cr to life or property". Any individual emergency >rganization desiring to receive notices danger t••--3 shall receive such notice by or or„ the authorities with appropriate ofHuv.'J.vg meetings providing th damped, self-addressed envelopes. st— �Penalties are directed against the are individual members of public agencies. Any , individual who participates in a meeting or hearing conducted in any way to "inten­ tionally” prevent any interested party from attending, is subject to a fine of $100.00, plus costs of prosecution. Any person who resides in or has his principal place of • business in the jurisdiction where a violation occurs may bring action in the Court of Common Pleas for a declaratory judgment or an injunction. Since this new “Sunshine” law is basically similar to previous statutes as concerns local governing bodies and agencies, its advantage over the old legislation must lie in a few differences. Previously, executive sessions could be called at any time without public notice, including those called during a regular or special session, for any purpose, and were therefore frequently used for sureptitious purposes, They were not restricted as to purpose. The new act, now only two months old, already has raised questions and objections. The main point of attacts at this moment appears to be whether "caucuses" or "workshops" must be open to the public and with proper notice. The controversy hinges on the words “when formal action” is taken. If “formal action" is understood in the clear words of the act as taking a binding vote, they would both fall outside the act. Any “vote” at a “caucus” or “workshop” has been considered "informal”, subject to confirmation at an open meeting. If this interpretation is continued, the "Sunshine" lav; is no more useful than previous legislation. The chief objection to caucuses and workshops has been „____ are discussed and agreed t ‘hat matters to i» secret, leaving citizens attendin'lc"ain9 r,?1 meetings with little or no <'’PPortunit/®" ____ fnr the ,10 learn who gives what reasons for ’ forma| | actions. In the final analysis, it is much too P | to acclaim the new law as the sunsh^ which will destroy the diseases of polir'06 wheeling and dealing which have persi'Cal under prior legislation. Local government only as good as the individual officia!s who conduct it. Despite the law, they ha S in the past pulled down the shades devious ways when it suited their purposes" Not the law, but the honor and integrity ' of our officials will continue to decide whe the shade is up or down. THOUGHTS FOR TODAY An appropriate Christmas message to friend: — “100 kilowatts of power have been turned off in your name". It’s been so long since we’ve seen a $10 bill that we can’t remember even the number that's in each corner. If Rockefeller becomes Vice President, the government will probably be the first organization he joined that isn’t showing a profit. Retirement leaving. pension: Standard of The Watergate tapes have a touch of the holiday season — there’s 18 minutes of “Silent Night” in them. You can look across the Hudson and see right into New Jersey. New Yorkers say that’s the only disadvantage. IRA NEWSLETTER Institute of Regional Affairs Wilkes College Wilkes-Barre, Pa. 18703 Non-Profit Organization U. s. POSTAGE PAID Return Postage Guaranteed Wilkes-Barre, PaPermit No. 355 �WILKES COLLEGE, WILKES^BARReTpennT WHO SHOULD GOVERN 76 that a major difficulty contribut- American political struggles. If we could see rlearlv the reasons why America has been a oood place in which to live, despite adversities, -not merely the goods we so obviously enjoy, but the hidden machinery, the intricate network of customs, ideals, and institutions upon which they depend — then we could face the unsettled present and the unknown future with characteristic confidence. We have suggested that our approaching I Bicentenary should witness a reaffirmation of the revolutionary concepts mat me that an all men are in some way equal and possess certain inherent and inalienable rights. We now suggest the same for the Jeffersonian declaration that governments are instituted to secure these rights, “deriving their just powers from the consent of the governed.” We undoubtedly take °ur right to govern too much for granted. We should appreciate that the idea did not come easily, nor without great sacrifices. It was one anon, ’° disavow government by a royal tyrant; placeer *° decide who should govern in his govern^300 did not invent the concept of did hement dy *de consent °f the governed, nor idea wh°'n tde Phrase. He succinctly stated an i rea||v tr,°Se t'me dad not come, an<d was not i ^0nstitutionT1e Unt'1 tde a<Joption °f the Federal i Was comr^ii Athens, government administration I citizens v\ hd dy a senate chosen by lot of the *he Orient i de.the early Hebrews adhered to Jr°rn I ha belief in theocratic authority derived People”0Vad’ they also believed that the , P°vah i v°'Ur|tarily accepted the rule of eutonic tr?h return for his divine favor. The ?* the naf es n°t only had popular assemblies dodies Rational level, but local representative e'L Even in France, in the reign of 7 JAN. 15, 1975 Charles VI, the king’s chancellor stated to the people that “Monarchs rule by popular consent and royal splendor flows from the sweat of the subjects.” Martin Luther, who was princeoriented, w"~ _■ his doctrine of the was ---------unaware ■■that “priesthood of all -- believers ---------- ”' would eventually lead a spiritual concept to democratic rights of the individual in political life. The Jesuits opposed rule by divine right, contending that the king was only an earthly agent, receiving his power from the people. Locke and Rousseau were just the most familiar proponents of “popular consent” at the time of the Revolution. Although we trace our revolutionary doctrine of government by consent of the governed directly to the English parliamentary system existing when the break came, the idea had already been given practical application in the Mayflower Contract and in the Fundamental Orders of Connecticut. While popular repre­ sentation developed throughout the colonies from the first such assembly in Virginia in 1619, application was aristocratic-oriented toward the English class system. At the time of the Revolution, a large part of the colonial ,3 unrepresented. Having accepted population was the doctrines of c. equality and natural rights, the t a more colonists eventually worked■-- out __ -f than had democratic system of government rigid hppn oossible undsr th©> r. o. English class Sem "The The Declaration Declaration of of Independence Independence STmed the right of the people to govern; final legal sanction. The general lendenc, In Iwenlielh centuries cer'tlJ" . lhe people to govern, the right extension of o( thet ol sla(M,. This was manifest oroDerty qualifications removal of religious ;an Prop y t0 women, for voting, ex?ens;°nna “L the direct primary, reduction of the vo^rng 9n direct popu|ar and, to some, extent rev jnitiative and leaislation by means t0 think that referendum. Most Amen despite some least on oor Polini Instltn- undemocratic tendencies (continued on next p y �INSTITUTE OF REGIONAL AFFAIRS VOL. XXI NEWSLETTER JAN. 15, 15, 1975 1975 NO. 1 This News-Letter, published nine times annually as a community service originates in the Institute of Regional Affairs of Wilkes College. Notes and inquiries may be addressed to Professor Walter H. Niehoff. Editor, Institute of Regional Affairs, Wilkes College, WilkesBarre. Pennsylvania 18703. Subscription free upon request. tions, our country has.moved. closer to successful government by conse governed than any nation in history. Aristocratic Justice Holmes respected popular ~ the ----- rpoint --------- of ° even to saying that rtomns :includes —> democracy the ■■“right of the peOp|e tQ make fools of themselves." But that right has boon - ■ the f|rst been challenged since Aristotle, political scientist, contended t.. al that only the intellectually endowed are intended to command. Henry L. Mencken said, “The last joke ! upon man may be that he r~ never learned to govern < himself in a rational and . r—. -■J competent manner," and that “It is imcomparably idiotic and hence incomparably amusing." C nvora''",r'*‘’ sovereignty Critics of government by consent, such as Burke, Hamilton, and John Adams, believed democracy to be essentially violent, excessive in its use of physical force, anarchical, and short-lived. Others claimed popular government eventually degenerates into mob rule, revolution, and anarchy. Many emphasized the inefficiency, extravagance, and inconsistency of democratic government and its tendency to crush excellence and use a resistless public opinion to reduce individuals to a uniform level of mediocrity. Still others pointed to the rise of the demogogue and corruption in “people” government. Many argued that it does not necessarily safeguard liberty, that it excludes its ablest leaders, and is hostile to progress in art and science. They have also attacked the tendency of representa­ tive government to over-legislate, and to recently, even demanding proportional more sentation, not on the usual basis of p— reprebut of functional groups which comprise the Population, electorate. In our time, the three most prevalent criticisms of "government by the consent of the governed" have been that it is too autocratic fascistic, oppressive, tyrannical, — in essence a police state; that it is not “government by the people" but by an elite; and, that it is not competent, but inefficient and ineffective. The proponents of the latter criticism haVo countered with the modern trend ! ® b6, “people’s” government more effjci.un effective by introduction of the “pr " . into the processes of representative g0Ver>i However, James, Burnham, in “The man>l Revolution”, fears this trend and Po'aM question - If real decision-making is sA transferred from the hands of of our our el>' representatives, how can the “ “people people”” CQnc}6’i the “managers” who are not subject to elect01' control? Robert Dahl sees an enigma enigma in in whaul considers a fruitless search for able rep - able reprrese e^ tives when he says, “Men of great learning | S( 7 not always virtuous, and men men of of virtue virtue arc „ always learned.” n°> Despite some validity in the attacks of th, attacks “peoples’” critics, life without “government fr consent of the governed” is inconceivable Government without consent is inconsistent with personal freedom. It is an affront to I human dignity and respect. Self-interest demands government by popular consent because nothing is quite so strong a buttress to social institutions as a firm foundation in self-interest. Besides, government by popular consent is likely to be more stable and durable, because, as Jefferson said, “Prudence, indeed, will dictate that governments long established should not be changed for light and transient causes; — that mankind are more disposed to suffer, while evils are sufferable, than to right themselves by abolishing the forms to which they are accustomed.” With all its weaknesses, democracy may be, as Winston Churchill once said, “the worst kind of government that has ever been tried — aside from every other kind that has been tried." We can lose Steele Commager our right to govern! Henry said that the American people are busy doing what ■■■u't Franklin warned us against:- Because of i fear, many Americans impatience, anger, and have been giving UP essential liberties, “not for safety, but for the appearance of :safety, — corroding due process of law, not for , 1W1 UIC semuiein^ I order, but for the semblance of order, equating dissent for lawlessness an nonconformity with treason.” We have not yet perfected the processes essential to the "right to govern”, but in a shod two hundred years, we have come a long Still, our Bicentenary finds us yet honestly face and answer some questions about popula’ government not resolved by the Revolution, n° i by the descendants of the Sons of Liberty. HoW can we provide and maintain a real equality ° influence and power over government again5’ I the concentration of power in the hands of a<} elite? if 7h'e‘ r becoming tooproblems of modern government at o complex for the "ordinary citizen the people make nderstand, how can me to un°s with sufficient knowledge knowledge and t)eC'aqe9 H°w can popular government act exper' and decisively, especially in times of quicks and stin retain the essence of criS<3nment by consent? How can popular 9ovenment prevent the majority from exploiting 9°^ tyrannizing the minority, and at the same and avoid constant dissension and even tirnheprsion by discontented and thwarted subVrities9 Can a system really operate with the ^onsent of all, or is this concept only a cloak interests who rule by accumulating the for the L with which to rule? Our anniversary ^,Tthe nation in 1976 could be no better than a final and complete answer to these questions. The message of our Bicentenary is a challenge, for the principle of self-government is on trial now more than ever before. The Bicentenary has significance only if we recall the revolutionary beginnings of our nation, remember the threats and ordeals to our liberties in the past, and relearn the true meanings of the great ideals and principles upon which our nation was founded. This will restore, what many believe, is a lost framework for our lives. Re-dedication is not too much to ask, for we have a solemn duty to the freedom fighters of the past and the future! This is OUR cause! We repeat Tom Paine: “The sun never shined on a cause of greater worth. ’Tis not the affair of a city, a county, a province, or a kingdom, but of a continent. ’Tis not the concern of a bay, a year, or an age; posterity are virtually involved in the contest, and will be more or less affected, even to the end of time, by the proceedings now.” TAX EXEMPT HOUSEWIVES Most housewives, who have no income independent " ' of their husbands, have probably at °n® time or ;another resented having to pay Personal taxess to the municipality or school district, Why should a housewife, having no income °f her own, be required to pay an annual flat-rate Per capita or other head tax, or a or assessment based occupation tax? answer is simply because legislation, SuPPorted by the courts, has said so for many years! tain^^y'^nia courts have consistently maintaineq at ‘an occupation tax is not invalid as a tax °n th t;„ n earned income where the tax is based -uoralee assessed value of an occupation re9ardh Pccupati S fbe taxpayer’s income from such t1°usewif°n'. A9ain, “a tax on the occupation of hoi Ppcupat,6 ,ls. not invalid, since the concept of °n is not limited to vocations produc- ing a monetary return to which one’s time is but includes any activity is regularly engaged, devoted or in which one ” ...So, been that “The c"_rw u> the conclusion has occupation of housewife, even though not income-produci - , ___Jng, is taxable." Oldtimers, no doubt, remember the days, several decades ago, [ when simply ignored their ___ many housewives neir personal tax bills. Sometimes husbands paid the wife's tax as ■ tho ■ ( as a matter of pride and good citizenship. Once, then, if the husband_ did not voluntarily assume his voluntarily wife’s tax bill, it was not paid. Of course, the — ..ct paid. Of ------------- violated • nonpayers the law but were beyond prosecution or collection devices their income-earning husbands, r applicable to simply because the wife had no employer from whom ........ _..i the unpaid taxes could be collected. However unfortunately for “the little woman", the law then closed that tax haven by making the husband liable for his wife’s personal taxes under penalty of collection from his employer. Signs of relief from such personal taxes against non-income housewives are beginning to appear! At least two county courts have ruled that, under certain conditions, such housewives may be exempt from per capita and occupation taxes levied locally because their occupations are not “occupations for tax purposes.” Eligibility for exemption appears to hinge on whether or not the municipality or school district levying such taxes have included in the ordinance or resolution an exemption clause based upon the amount of annual income. The Local Tax Enabling Act of 1975, as well as the School Code, permit local tax bodies to exempt by resolution or ordinance any person whose total annual income from all sources is less than $2,000 from the piler capita or similar head ('* ' or occupational privilege tax, occupation tax, tax, or any rportion thereof, and may require regulations such as questionnaires and secure exoneration. Although the affidavits to secure Constitution formerly prohibited Pennsylvania C_.._. 0J.us“ X XK-"- This iegisiaiion has tee„ uphe,^ Cou„ty In April, 1973’. "® rio nyot have to pay per ruled that h°use^' p Hills School District in capita taxes to the Pe H jon exempting accordance with i s r be|ow $2 000 The persons with annual nc°™Sh married women question at issue Hving With the'r husba ds, work solely other than £inofththe"^asnbdands, are “persons whose �i'ium all sources is less than total income from , therefore, exempt from the $2,000 “and, school's $10 per capita tax. J argued that the Act The School District permitting exemptions must be interpreted as a limited to those persons ■■poverty” exemption.......... . who are considered IN NEED of tax exemption. It also argued that “income from all sources includes not only money income, but all benefits in kind, including the wife’s “right of support" from her husband. The courts had previously ruled that housewives DO have occupations of sufficient value to support tax assessment and a tax levied as an occupation tax. The housewife contended that the School District “cannot pick and choose amongst those persons falling within the defined class as opposed to a wife without independent income." In this case, the court held that the exemption must be determined on not whether "housewife” is an "occupation”, but whether her income is less than $2,000. It affirmed that the husband's income does not belong even in part to the wife per se, and, therefore, cannot be allocated to preclude exemption from the per capita tax. It concluded that housewives are members of a class eligible for exemption, and that while she receives a value in the satisfaction derived from serving her family, it is “not the kind of value with which the tax collector can be paid." In March, 1974, the Lancaster County Court of Common Pleas ruled tf._' ' that housewives with no independent income, and v L ______ _ v...J who comply with the Penn Manor School District's ’ procedural requirements, are exempt from | paying the flat rate occupation levied by the ’ District. The School resolution levying r a $10 occupation tax on all residents of the District 21 T. L: 21 years of age and over, applied to all “occupations” - -' subject to assessment for taxation under the c.?®nerai County Assessment Law and the Local Enabling Act for municipal purposes, a h 'use. wife claimed she was eligible for exemw. because she was not engaged in an “CuPt" tion” for tax purposes. This claim seerris^to' on the ruling of Justice Paxson, speakinn rest the Supreme Court in Banger’s Appeal, when for said that an occupation tax “is not a tax ' he property, but upon the pursuit which a uPon hian follows in order to acquire property and SuPPort his family. “In performing household duties apparently, the housewife is not “in Pursuit of property.” In this case, too, the court field that housewives are not engaged in any trade business or undertaking for profit nor for any financial gain, and are, therefore, not engaged in “occupations” subject to the tax. THOUGHTS FOR TODAY The best thing about being self-employed is that you can humiliate your employee. Without political bossism the average citizen would be paying off politicians who couldn’t even help them. Technology has brought meaning to the lives of many technicians. If you ask enough people, you can usually find someone who’ll advise you to do what you were going to do anyway. Technology has produced a new occupation — tail-gunner on a sugar truck. Many of today’s presidential hopefuls who claim to hear the country calling them are ventriloquists. IRA NEWSLETTER urn',Ute of Re3ional Affairs Wilkes College Wilkes-Barre, Pa. 18703 Return Postage Guaranteed Non-Profit Organization U. S. POSTAGE PAID Wilkes-Barre. Pa. Permit No. 355 NEWS-LETTER WILKES COLLEGE, WILKES-BARReTpeNN/L REVOLUTION 76 Marx and Friedrich Engels In 1848, concluded their Communist Manifesto with a declaration that the ends of the workers “can be attained only by the forcible overthrow of all social conditions. Let the ruling classes existing a communist revolution. The tremble at have nothing to lose but their proletarians have a world to win.” chains. They Thomas Jefferson proclaimed in the In 1776, of Independence “that when any Declaration iorin rof' government becomes destructive of form these ends, it is the right of the people to alter or abolish it, and to institute new government, laying its foundation on such principles and organizing its powers in such form, as to them shall seem most likely to effect their safety and happiness. -- When a long train of abuses -evinces a design to reduce them under absolute despotism, it is their right, it is their duty, to throw off such government, and to provide new guards for their future security.” Karl Both statements are justification and cries for revolution against the authority of the state. \et, any American today who supported the ri9ht to revolution proclaimed in the Manifesto would be stigmatized as an un-American revolutionary under the Gitlow decision defining revni t-as „"one wtl° instigates or favors abo ,'on'" On ffie other hand, Americans are theU h°nor the violent revolution which gave peoni t'°n ,ts origin. Can Can the right of the both government be botli ec.i° revolt against arbitrary government niav hCaime( “ Jf and disclaimed c__________ logically? -c "■ ~ This may’ be De a rmere philosophical question, and, therefore, therefore one ■a of little significance. But all DronU- • .... helical' a philosophical orientatlon. |s realities havej there, or is there not, a fundamental > ‘o revolt"? Our dilemma in 1976 will be Aether We can reaffirm our belief in the ^Plete 'hose^Declaration of Independence, or only °S.e Port'ons which P°rtions which do not disturb us. term “■■ riCans’ on the whole, tend to avoid the When they use it, they dually. evolution". . er to some kind of an abrupt break in ..Past, or some rapid or unusual change Ppt'on of an institution or policy. This T FEB. 15, 1975 was not the meaning in 1776 For™ i<= tho . nolTcal! rtehe°,U“kOn’ H was tPatRemnu a p Amencan Revolution". Robert Reinow defines revolution as "an appeal to arms of a portion of an organized society for the purpose of reallocating governmental power changing personnel, or modifying the ends of the organization”. The courts have defined it as “a complete overthrow of the established government in any country or state by those who were previously subject to it.” Obviously, there is no “legal” right to revolution, since government has political power exercised through laws of its own making. Revolution becomes “legal” only when it has succeeded. The U. S. Supreme Court has consistently ruled against the act of revolution. It has, however, attempted to draw a line between dissent, which we too often attempt to punish, and actual revolt, which we definitely attempt to thwart. For example, we cannot be penalized by government for merely thinking revolution. With certain limitations, we can even legally advocate revolt. Our thought and acts become illegal only when the courts consider them to constitute an "overt act against the government" or when they present a “clear and present danger”. If then, there is -■> no “legal legal"” right to revolt, revolt can there be any. such right at all? Throughout revolution has history, revolution has been been justified justibed oon moral grounds, a higher higher or or natural natural law, law, and, —.... „, ..a at times even practical grounds, ♦;moc aven I surprisingly, J piety r.'_ly the root ancient Chinese considered The a..-- ' — wiuv.. — derived the duty from which was of all - virtue, to all authority, but they also of obedience to a..to lauyi.t the right right to —revolt taught the revolt against against arbitrary authority. An Hindu political said, A~ ancient ■’"'■'iont Hindu political writer v. “the unity unity of of opinion opinion expressed expressed by by the the many, many is more that is ___ powerful than the king. The rope that — threads is strong enough made of many “h to drag : the primary held John Calvin “ ‘,'J that 11 promotion of the lion, was the I of the state bound to function Christian was and every C However, , in these purp°ses;, religion . t bodies must statethat government support the 1 Christians might taught he also king and that under "authorized the restrain up arms “lawfully" take �INSTITUTE OF REGIONAL AFFAIRS NEWSLETTER VOL. XXI FEB. 15, 1975 NO. 2 This News-Letter, published nine times annually as a community service originates in the Institute of Regional Affairs of Wilkes College. Notes and inquiries may be addressed to Professor Walter H. Niehoff, Editor, Institute of Regional Affairs, Wilkes College, WilkesBarre. Pennsylvania 18703. Subscription free upon request. I leaders” to overthrow usurpation, or when the king's laws were counter to those of God. Bentham, the English Utilitarian, argued that the state is based not on the “consent of the governed", but upon the habit of obedience because it was in the people’s interest to be governed. He accepted revolution only as a moral right, which might become a moral duty in case the “benefit to be secured was greater than the evil of revolution.” The American colonists, including, of course, Jefferson, based the “right" to revolution on the doctrine of on the doctrine natural rights of man. There are, indeed, r: many who disclaim this right, or, perhaps, deem -* :cm it ur.r unnecessary and futile to be discussed. Thomas F ...-.as Hobbes held that unjust rulers .j!crs must‘ be left for punishment by God alone. Voltaire ?■----- 1 accepted the doctrine of equal rights but had no intention i to prepare men for revolution, "" because" he , ne expected reforms to be be carried carried out out by the rulers themselves. Likewise, Likewise, Kant, Kant, who disliked violence, held th"* ” that changes in governments must be made in ..1 a legal way by the sovereign himself. Jonathan Boucher, opponent of the American revolution, me any revnint;^revolution, shouted, “The right ofuiuuon, or anv revolution is a damnable doctrine, derived from LLucifer, the father of rebellion.” Revolutions is do not occur suddenly, like the appearance of4 a U. F n ’-a clear - the F. O.. element of ? sky. The "revolution” ai suddenness” in l'he word as used here misconception. is a .v.,,uiu11 common f~— frequently from Revolutions „„vumstancesdevelop beginnini slowly, '"-g ago that the circumstances origins haveS been f iong eg' so 5 origins have ~ ' ..cal revolution evolves in an atmosphere Political r~ forgotten. 1 evolves in an instability resulting from a lack of , -.a of basic''"1 3 'aCk agreement on basic concepts in1 universal Political stability exists society. exists only when accept, acquiese in, or the many common — adhere firmly to on such Pu/poses, when 'here- .s is a things as of individual property rights, i concensus effort, security, and recognition when -1 rules of conduct worth, and '1—t which assure each individual as to how his fellow behave are generally accepted. citizens V(||i Stability would be simple and etp society remained static. But society ;„rrial i| > and this fluidity has an unsettling effect "u'« political stability. Political instability, or ch% arises from technological innovations, the - 9ebut frustrated expectations of the Un'Si^ privileged, rapid and uncontrolled poDu?d?r' growth, the “cold war”, the rise in the stat i the individual in society, and changes 01 cultural values. Political society cannot inflexible. It must change to meet the needs”8 a changing society or eventually be replaced °i! may be replaced peacefully by evolution, Or'h unstable change, which is revolution. ’ Dy Our American system has survived, despit periods of great instability. It will continue to survive when constitutional channels for communicating demands are able to find room for the most widespread and persistent demands, when the structures and processes for resolving conflicts and formulating and implementing acceptable policies are able to operate effectively, and when these structures, processes, and policies continue to be recognized as legitimate by persons and groups making them. In the final analysis, when these things are not prevalent, and people have reached the end of their endurance of the failures of government to meet their legitimate needs, revolution in inevitable. Crane Brinton has summarized some of the signs which have preceded most revolutions. Economic grievances are nearly always present, although it L is .s si strange that violence does not coincide with the ■ bottom of a depression. When inefficiency of government becomes great, when "T.c. i there is is a general loss of public confidence, and when and when political political leaders seem to ’have ■.l.j lost the vision, old governments disintegrate „, :e and collapse - they are not overthrown. When ..... —i intellectuals criticize instead o' support a go'/emm^,," government’s policies and aims, that governmentt becomes --------- unstable because it has lost its significant i... influence over the public mind, for it has been _.i said, “Before the firs' shot is fired, f the face of the regime is smudged with ink." Discontent, in the armed forces dissension, and defection is frequently the eleventh hour signal of a revolt. A subtle sign of approaching revolution may ’ approaching revolution may be the c--creation and1 acceptance socia | acceptance of of a a “ “socia rr,yth" which generally takes the form of a kin | of utopian relief from actual or imagined oppressions Revolutions are never openly fooght for sordid r-dor selfish grounds. There mus ““"".t, soul-appealing slogan5' 'hat lift the movement to the lev® of a religious • crusade. Ortega said that “every oil"' cherishes the entirely chimerical realizing a more or less complete inevitably fails.” Le Bon Tne plan I the “immediate effect of a be to change nothing but the may •'ied tha' lab6'- to consider a revolution as like But if we remain true to the We linkableof 1776, can we deny the right of in ig76? Is there any inconsistency in that the conservative groups are the ,aC , t0 the ideals of the American dedicated but resist any revolutionary pevoldtl° in our political system today? tendencies not suggesting, or urging a We are revolution in the United States, nor even that one might someday occur. We 3re9accus9ed of being a violent people, yet, except for the Civil War, we have never piously aPPJ,0^hned • resort to the ultimate It is significant that we, violence - revolution. " supposedly so violent, have lived who are successfully, though not perfectly, under the same written constitution for nearly two hundred years, while throughout the rest of the world regime after regime has been toppled by revolution. Enemies of American democracy like to say that to follow Jefferson’s declaration of the right and duty to revolt is a condemnation of stability and order in society. They like, too, to remind us that Jefferson later did say that a revolution about every nineteen years is “a kind of necessary medicine to preserve the health of the state.” This may not be denied. But those who are dissatisfied with our system as it is developing and contemplate violent revolution ought to remember that sometimes “the operation is successful but the patient dies.” iq7RVha,ever the circum stances in America in ----mv ^11 OUI I I01QI IUCO III mlll^HVk9'6,, we we ought ought to to recall recall Jefferson's Jefferson's admonition admonition that “Governments should not be changed for "9ht and transient causes; — mankind are more disposed to suffer, while evils are sufferable, than to right themselves by abolishing the forms to which they are accustomed.” WHY county charter defeats? defea?S'f 'formed observers agree that the i-uzeme 'de charter referenda last November in nistake Lackawanna counties was a tragic Pient r uPP°rters of improved county governreiection°n <'nue to pinpoint the reasons for f°r anoth tde ProPosed charters in preparation evaluati er attempt five years hence. In this diversJ'IOn. however, ' —‘ there is considerable Rers°naliy mHn9 local supporters who were Revision Mndeep|y involved in the Charter Movement. Observations by outside analysts arc helpful because of their objectivity. are quite National Association of Counties is such of Counties source. Professional analyses of r—.. failures in charter revision 7;„ campaigns in es and ”f_,success states, including Lackawanna County in several Pennsylvania, are featured in the COUNTY NEWS, Vol. 7, No. 4, January 27, 1975, No. t published by the Association, 1735 New York Association, Avenue, N. W., Washington, D. C. 20006. With the Association’s kind permission, we are presenting verbatim the following excerpts from that issue for consideration by our regional readers. improvement of county government. Our policy position paper states that county officials pledge themselves to accepting responsibility or strengthening and improving county govern­ ment - to effectively lead in matching county government performance to the challenges of their constituents. “County officials recognize that the govern­ ment that is not flexible enough to change with needs is doomed, and the county home rule charter is one means of obtaining this flexibility. "Every government study commission begins its work in a politic-free atmosphere, ready to produce a utopian county government charter to be extolled by county officials and citizens alike. Most commission members soon find that they must roll up their sleeves and work with the clay which is the current county politics, traditions, functions and personnel. “Most observers say endorsement by elected officials is necessary for charter passage. The Lackawanna County (Pa.) Government Study Commission touched on everything consultants consider necessary - from the development phase of the charter to the final campaign. They presented the charter to civic associations after holding countless hours of public hearings. — of Yet they failed to win■■ support c. countyncr elected officials. commissioners and other t — injected enough doubt Ultimately the officials i , . m defeat the thA charter. charter, into voters minds to charter gain acceptance from "How does a convinced --------- Officials must be> com elected officials? the county, that the proposal will improve ** thought the '3 Commissioners Lackawanna's C_... barter too extreme. proposed c, 3 and opponents “Both proponents 'used extremes in officials confusion. Elected c taxes! Runaway their arguments: High bureaucracies! They ieactToon en»u3h to meet tactic opponents can campaign. Unable to �their opponent's arguments, Vote Yes committeemen were faced with an electorate no longer sure of what the charter meant. "Janet Brown, another member of the study commission, suggests that rather than attacking the existing structure with such vehemence, the Vote Yes committee should have campaigned on the positive elements of the proposed charter. There have been no major political scandals in Lackawanna County. Without hard evidence, accusations of inefficiency and corruption were irrelevant. "All of these factors, the massive revamping of the elected row offices, the inability to articulate the positive elements of the charter in lieu of hard evidence of governmental in­ efficiency, and the sudden emergence of organized, well-positioned opposition con­ tributed to an atmosphere of confusion which was just enough to defeat the proposed charter for Lackawanna County. “Several conclusions concerning the politics of adoption can be summarized from the analysis: • Since voters know little about the cp operation of local government, they depend r i on­ their elected officials for guidance on refer enda concerning a change in county s ruc'ure. If their support cannot be obtained, other elements must work heavily in favor of the commission’s work. 0 The power of political taken into account as well parties must be as the the“ political climate of the county during -'.3 time of oiuuy. 0 Campaign tactics mean more than clear or clever brochures and good r------speeches. The commission must recognize the fluential groups in the •■"■a most inCOunty, whether they be civic groups, municipal counc'i employees, ethnic or racial groups' S' Pubr with them according to their Ppwand v? community. 6r in o Recognition of voter attitudes response in the particular important. il i y Is “NACo recognizes the variation. •IS and Cr> plexities of each county. .. It ,is therefore, for the association position pro or con on a dssurrip ’ i specific moder nizati.a effort. The platform does mandate us t<-> „ Tl°n all relevant information to county ' charter commissioners, and mterested J?? (the public). partly , “It is NACo ’s hope ii is nauos hope that that frequent frequent study < explanation - ■ ” of J the ...a relationship rcl^'Jw. between and , • . 0|0H«X • and charter commission, elected officials, the public will make all these these groups more the the importance of working together to aware of strengthened, more flexible and visible government.” I. R. A. rccc recommends the stated issue of COUNTY NEWS .. all -'■’■'3 to supporters of improved county government. THOUGHTS FOR TODAY Since the Post Office boasts that neither snow nor rain i nor gloom of night holds up the mail, we are tbeginning to wonder what’s doing it. i K T" cancel i„ The Bicentenary is not the anniversary of our Our Nation was “conceived” in nationhood! not yet born. Nationhood was 1776. but / after years of bloody struggle “to achieved only the political hands which connected dissolve another”, nearly a decade of conflict them to a..-. among thirteen separate and disunity and „... states, and a “cliff-hanging” independent and institute the Constitution campaign to t_ ratify . Liberty is the essence of all the articles of faith in the American Creed! Without it, nothing else matters. Without its reaffirmation, our commemorative year may well be recalled as lfle Year of the Great Carnival”. Alistair Cooke, in "America”, observes that ce Phrase “American Revolution” causes a r<a|n glow even in the most entrenched anv^H3*'765’ wbo would never revolt against Non-Profit Organization U. S. POSTAGE Return Postage Guaranteed NO. 3 • WILKES CQLLEGETwQES^BARRErPFNm~T VOL- XXI MARCH 15, 1975 LIBERTY 76 Our Bicentenary is the two - hundredth anniversary of that crucial day in July of 1776 when candid and courageous men declared “the causes which impelled them to the separation”. And those causes converged to become LIBERTY. “Give me liberty or give me death”; “life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness”; "proclaim liberty throughout the land”; to secure the blessings of liberty to ourselves and our posterity . . . ”; "Conceived in liberty, and dedicated to the proposition that all men are created equal”. Man does r:'. not live by v~ words alone, but sometimes he has to '.j eat them. Did you you ever notice that the moment you became friends -----’ L.—s with someone is when you -J “ to e each that both admit —*- other " of you dislike a third party. E",Loij4?'onal8703A"alrs NEWS-LETTER of a new nation. IRA NEWSLETTER Wilkes-Barre, Pa. "X PAID the r exceP* a new revolutionary and who, in have blut'onary War’ would most probably Wilkes-Barre, PaPermit No. 355 Americ on the loyalist side. ‘L.;rans are tauQht a very their a tvr^V°'u^on — as a simple <""lcal king. True, it Wilkes College Library S. Franklin and South Streets Wilkes-Barre, Pa, 18?02 l This is because simple view of rebellion against was a political simp|e tn’ and as such, it would be quite Volutin understand. But it was also a social °l a whni ~~ f'rs* major convulsive response 'Or indivi! pe°Ple to the innate longing of man l??6 enndl^al liberty- The political revolution of h°n is after Yorktown. The social revolu'"hai . "I m progress, and will remain so, for er,y has been achieved does not stimulate the anSa““ate «« « attained. 2 “'nh"" ,h■3" liberty InSivKuaf0^’ sea^^hS meaning. Since we agree with the axiom of the scientist that “to ask a pertinent question means you are well on the way to a pertinent answer", we present three basic questions for consideration: - What is liberty? What should be the relationship between liberty and govern­ ment? What are the potential dangers to liberty? Of course, it is virtually impossible to secure universal agreement on the meaning of liberty. In the first place, we get a bad start by confusing liberty with freedom. True, Webster says they are synonymous, but that means they are "similar", not the “same". Both words imply the absence of compulsion or restraint, but at that point their meanings diverge. The Declara­ tion of Independence recognizes that liberty and freedom mean different things when it refers to liberty as one of the inalienable rights of man, and then proclaims freedom from a tyrannical ruler. We suggest that freedom implies to be free FROM something, while liberty implies the freedom to DO something. Thus, the Revolution was fought to free the colonies FROM undue interference in colonial affairs; it was also fouqht to secure the inherent rights of men to DO with their lives what they chose> and i y manner they chose. The latter is liberty! we canusing Black s Law^«ment — freedom, and as "the prevale of such a system of constitution of a counJcivil liberty to laws and ms itutions,a, t^s senSe. freedom the individual citize■ f governmental is. at least in part, thejbsjnc^ fhe compulsion or ing his liberties, individual fro defines it Liberty is quite different. (Continued on next page) �INSTITUTE OF REGIONAL AFFAIRS NEWSLETTER VOL. XX! MARCH 15, 1975 NO. 3 This News-Letter, published nine times annually as a community service originates in the Institute of Regional Affairs of Wilkes College. Notes and inquiries may be addressed to Professor Walter H. Niehoff. Editor, Institute of Regional Affairs. Wilkes College, WilkesBarre. Pennsylvania 18703. Subscription free upon request. as the enjoyment of "all personal rights under conditions essential to the equal enjoyment of the same rights by others". We prefer the classic definition of John Stuart Mills as stated in “On Liberty": — “liberty consists of our right to do whatever we choose as long as it does not interfere with the equal rights of another”. Consequently, we are FREE under a government which interferes with LIBERTY only when its exercise is hurtful to others. Of liberty. Mills said, "This, then, is the appropriate region of' human ’ liberty. It comprises, first, the inward domain of consciousness; demanding liberty of conscience in the > most comprehensive sense; liberty of thought i and feeling; absolute freedom of opinion and sentiment on all subjects, practical or speculative, scientific, moral, or theological. Secondly, the principle requires liberty of tastes _',„3 and pursuits; of framing the plan of our lives to suit ’’ _uit our own character; of doing as vie like, like, subject subject to such consequences as r may follow; without ’t impediment to our fellow — so !W-creatures, long as what we do does not harm them., even i though they should think our conduct foolish, from this liberty c' perverse, or vjrong Thirdly, of each individual, follows the liberty, within the o same limits, of combination among individuals; ..— freedom to unite Purpose for any — not - ■ involving harm „ i to others." It is no. longer debatable that liberty cannot exist among am°ng humankind humankind without community. Since we have c’ -_t a political defined freedom in *terms —: of „f “ "FROM" government, FCG the right "TO" and liberty as , we have, perhaps, produced paradox. How ' d a can man have liberty • ~.e liberty and at the same time be subject. to compulsion or restraint ,o compulsion of government’ Th, I . generalized an . .ie Declaration of Independence -r when when it it proclaimed proclaimed that the purpose of answer governments But it did -.ts is is to to secure secure liberty, not specify exactly what governments should or / what should not not do do to to secure those ends, This seeming paradox paradox brings us to second “pertinent” question:- Where Where shn drawn the line between individual |ibJ'd state authority? How free should each ihdiy> be? When, and to what extent, justified in restraining individual IS liberty as he chooses? When is the e exercise 0? power of the state legitimate? At the fulcrum should we place the Plane ’ achieve the perfect between the two ...o forces? 0 This is, perhaps, the c ’ oldest unanswerert' question in political science, Answers rsn’3 ' from one end of the spectrum 'he other. {. ! one extreme, is anarchism, which solves th I problem by having no government t at a"- Fairly close falls the traditional American individualism which would limit the concept Ji state in a)| aspects or our lives to the narrowest 0| authority, and leave to its citizens exercise an r unhampered sphere of free action. At thealmost extreme, is a paternalistic socialism - other would extend state action to its widest which -■ limits and submerge the individual in ' the political and social mass. America has its anarchists and totalitarians, and all the shades -3 in between, Few of us embrace either extreme, but neither have we reached a consensus on the “in­ between”. Is this not a challenge for 1976? Our final question is are we aware of the potential dangers to c~. , our liberty, including our tendency to tilt the balance ■'-------of action in favor of the “Big White Father", and do we retain enough of the “Spirit i of Seventy-six” to confront those dangers? ' what Poi 'J Attacks on our revolution and its principles should not be talt" taken lightly. Daniel Leonard, in 1776, ridiculed the ' whole idea of the Revolution and its aspirations for freedom and liberty: — “will not posterity "will p?: be La amazed when they are told that the present distraction took its rise from a three , „,.v. ■■ ' penny tax on tea and call it a more accountable frenzy and more disgraceful to the annals America than that of 'he annals of of America witchcraft?" H. H. L. L. Mencken Mencken, in this century, reviled the people people’’ss love love of of liberty: liberty: -- “---all lhe revolutions in in history history have have been been started bV hungry city mobs. . . . mobs. . . . even historians deduce that the city breeds the .— ...a love of liberty. — 1 cab think of no city revolution ritw -------------- , that actually haa liberty for its object in ar any rational sense. " When the city mob fights, it is but for ham and cabbage. ” not for liberty. and cabbage.” Frank Kn'9 accuses us of r~' ’ making freedom and liber y "symbols for nearly beings think t' --, j everything that huma" they want and do not have, which, consequently, as they infer, i it must be somebody's obligation to supply." Our exhortation that Americans pledge themselves to reaffirm and our (Continued on next page) "Di^-dres elS6' ready to agree with Fisher Ames Are Wcharged, in 1905, that "we behave at when he floated, with a fearless and unregarded all ’'^down the stream of events, till we are course'sibly drawn within the revolutionary n0W Of Niagara, and everything that is suCtl° will be dashed to pieces in the llber nt”? Or, rather, are we prepared to answer ^challenge of Tom Paine as we have mnosed it from various parts of “Common Sense" and "The Crisis"-? “Tyranny, like hell, is not easily conquered; yet we have this consolation with us, that the harder the conflict, the more glorious the triumph. What we obtain too cheap, we esteem too lightly; 'Tis dearness which gives everything its value. Heaven knows how to put a proper price upon its goods; and it would be strange, indeed, if so celestial an article as freedom should not be highly rated. Those who expect to reap the blessings of freedom, must, like men, undergo the fatigues of supporting it. Now is the seed-time of continental union, faith and honor. The least fracture now will be like a named engraved with the point of a pin on the lender rind of a young oak; the wound will enlarge with the tree, and posterity read it in lull-grown characters. O ye that love mankind! e that dare oppose, not only the tyranny, but e tyrant, stand forth! Every spot of the old L/Ord is overrun with oppression. Freedom hath haw dunted found the globe. Asia, and Africa, lj|( On9 expelled her — Europe regards her War jaa strar|ger. and England hath given her prepam-t0 depar'' O' Receive the fugitive, and ln 'ime an asylum for mankind.” the same time. This year concentrate the voter can on choosing candidates, r between local most of whom he knows _. .,„<> opportunity to to know. f ■ s orfocus has the The exclusive local candidates should make it ----- 3 on voter to choose quality officials ■ < easier for the so inclined, ’ simply to “throw thea' home, or, if ! rascals out". There’s a slight hitch though! There’s Municipal Primary a scheduled for May 20. . Registered voters who participate ” no —— °"6^any.^- Mayb; that’s cwill - "elect oiais one reason why so many eligible voters will either stay home will either that dayf or fishing. ,. °r go go tho fishing. The The- F Primary is a preparation for the November “ the November election, election, its function is to registered voters to permit Permit registered voters to participate in the “nomination" of candidates of their chosen political p~ Winners in the tlie Primary “ecliOT8 This” °PP0!“9 par,» in «» ®"“3i election. This process was supposed to democratize political parties and the election process. S JLanAidates should' Americans, fortunately, are quite sensitive to restrictions on any of their rights and privileges. This includes the right to vote. Recall the violent opposition of males to the Woman’s Suffrage Amendment, or the demonstrations and riots for free elections in the South! This makes it difficult to understand why, at the same time, most Americans ignore the right given in the primaries to have personal input into the quality of candidates of both major parties from whom the local officials will actually be chosen. Ordinary voters did not always have this preliminary choice. Originally, at the federal, state, and local levels, party candidates were designated by the caucus. Political leaders, or “bosses" simply met privately to name the candidates most amenable to them. Con­ sequently, in the general elections, voters had only a choice between candidates not o! thei choosing. Revolt of the “Common Man . beginning in Jackson's time, against contml by K?ng Caucus”, resulted in adoption ol e convention system ol candidates. Under this p an prevalent in some s alea ' ,s s«n „ d voter pt t0 eXaC s^nveSj TM deices « MISS NOW — CRY LATER in 1976 I enhance characterized by Mencken as rtV W°Uldj be Liberty means ■ssing”- He said, means resolution, It means it r.->iiancn[ means capacity to do without. — Sapiens any talent for this "t has the same : he has for writing symphonies 'for it that^ of Ludwig Von Bethhoven. He Jjhe doesn’t long for liberty; he is quite doesn't no' onh( stand it- He needs protection. All unab!e affectation, delusion, emply words”. > notion °^ernm ents, like nments, like clocks, clocks, run run by the iR1PorfantWdiCd men give 9've them", them”, this 'h's is *s a° ••) men give them", Profess 7ear for 'or those Pennsylvanians who year ^ernnifoncern for the viability of their local nmentc T._ . -------- _ '•'ill be60*8, The general election in November (th: °'ficj. a|Cs ,exclusively “municipal". Only local /"ting uui|?tTl 'be county down will be chosen, '"'ihg ( 2°' be confused, or influenced, by ■av,hg to choose federal and state officers at local or choose . XS ’more perhaps Cd U L u u . . still "dubbed" and leaders against party members was little more dressing". it, was once we know The Direct Primary, as (Continued on next page) �reform which would truly considered the great ■ -ir officials. Now we democratize selec ionof our —r officers, but, in the could not only ’elect our c to be in control of the first place, we werefrom whom we shoeid party candidates necessarily so! Party eventually choose. Not short political leaders executive committees, in seeking an office still control which persons general election. shall represent the party in1 the t Perhap? their principal power is exercised by the old system of' ,party "endorsement” of one favored party member r----- L- over another. The fact is that the primary js more important than the general hordes of voters participate in the Pr|mary ' Il if they do nothing more than vote AGaINst anfl party-endorsed candidates, perhaps aps. general election, BOTH candidates fOr’ Ilk will be qualified and uncontrolled, could all go fishing on General Day, a single voter to cast the decid between two “good Guys”. Please don’t go fishing on May 20! miss now — you may cry later! This attitude is pure bunk! In the first place, ■machines" control the selection of party candidates in the primary simply because so few "uncontrolled” voters participate. This makes it possible for the organization, which controls the votes of a relatively small number of jobholders and their relatives and friends, to “put over" their men. Many years age, Frank R. Kent, in the "Great Game of Politics", demonstrated that the fewer the uncontrolled voters in a primary, the fewer the organized and controlled machine votes are required to win. And if the machine-endorsed candidates in both major parties are nominated in the primary, the "sincere" voter in the general election has, perhaps, a choice only between two “bad” ones. Why. then, vote at all, since the machine wins anyway? you cedumn of nf their law u,c ano ueuures were a far t pproSienq °dUr jUrieS reach a verSafZ Political patronage normally is sufficient to assure the endorsed candidate of his . party's nomination and subsequent support in the general election. Accepting this concept of organization control in the primaries, most voters see no useful purpose in participating. The usual cop-out is, “We’ll lick the machine in November". 1 THOUGHTS FOR TODAY Before you give expert advice make sure are an expert. you Filling out your income forms is Hke Russian roulette — you never know which blank will do you in. Chivalry nowadays means snatching a purse only from a man. The probability of an income tax rebate later this year may make some people sorry they cheated on this year’s returns. Some African tourist agencies advertise that a trip there you’ll be as safe as you are in your own home. But that’s the risk you’ll have to take. on If you think another one. you have no faults Dricans are prone to say that “There ain’t Americans —tice", or that “Justice is on|y for the big ’„ These complaints are not new. St. no justi sh0tskshots. ” o wrote in the "City of God” of a who had been seized by Alexander the Augustine pirate f-or h' “keeping hostile possession of the pirate’s justification was quite typical Great sea." The attitude prevalent to-day — “What thou ■_/ seizing the whole earth, but of an meanest I by do it with a petty ship, I am called a because whilst ’ ■J-' thou who do’st it with a great robber, i1 styled emperor.” Our cynical attitude fleet art justice was well expressed by a toward defendant found guilty by a jury, when, on leaving the court house, he observed the statue of a woman holding scales. When informed that it was a statue of Justice, he remarked bitterly, “If She’s Justice, why don’t they take her inside?” It’s quite natural forr one who “gets the short end of the stick” to feel unjustly treated. It’s easy to forget that there is no such thing as •■"3 or will ABSOLUTE justice, and there never was be, short of Paradise — not in 1776 1776 nor in 1976. in terms of jurisprudence, both the c° onials and modern Americans have viewed s!ce as “rendering every man his due, beiic.Orm ubly t0 law-” But woulcl be naive to in s/h ♦ at al' 'aws tfaen or now have been just aoniir-S?anCe or iust|y applied. The concept and times3 l0n °f just'ce is conditioned by the Revoiufiand ref|ection on the pre and post even th°n c^aracter of justice should convince long Ba^ akeptical that “You’ve come a that's Napoleon said that three hostile newspapers are more to be feared than a thousand bayonets. IRA NEWSLETTER Institute of Regional Affairs Wilkes College Wilkes-Barre, Pa. 18703 Non-Profit Organization U. S. POSTAGE PAID Wilkes-Barre, PaPermit No. 355 Return Postage Guaranteed I Wilkes cux Library •ry and: South -1 c Streets 3 Pa? I8702 i re Was no such animal as “colonial law” "uo no soon annual ao — 1'ieie |is O today luuay „ ~~n to J fifty' ™ore than there a law ... common a" llftv 3 a^es' Each colony . x.-i, English took (rnnn from the >fiCatrCode of justice what it needed. h,e of D °ns reflected the nasty, precarious 3s Mas«=>nuer settlements. All colonies, such c°ncept sachusetts, adhered to the English ?,Orne even lUstice conformable to law", and u aim nf professed our modern attitude that i eak, and aw is to "correct and teach the c°rriniki. e)'Pel from society those who are accused witch entered the hearing mom, the accusers and witnesses generally fell to the floor in hysterical fits, so the verdict of death was frequently in before the trial started. In several colonies, justice was quite vindictive compared to modern standards. If a man forged legal documents he was confined to the pillory three days and had to pay double damages. Anabaptists were sentenced to banishment. For a first burglary offense, the guilty was branded on the forehead with the letter "B”; for the second offense, he was whipped; for the third, he was “put to death as being incorrigible." Burglary on the “Lord’s Day” was punishable by loss of an ear, and for a second offense, loss of the other. Fornication with any single woman was punishable by fine, corporal punishment, or by “enjoyning to marriage.” All these despite provisions that “in-human, barbarous or cruel punishments" were forbidden. Other examples of colonial justice prior to the Revolution underscore the progress we have made. In 1693, New Hampshire law punished any "unnecessary serval labor travel, sports, frequenting taverns, or idling abroad. In 1700, Pennsylvania magistrates could sentence ui.a—’’ to be persons “clamorous with their tongues public place." “nanoed and stand in some f ■ -- ' for gaggeo and auu ntence of castration Virginia imposed the ^encaassachuset“ts3 imthose “who of society." Of particularly oulraged the^jo.als seven counties of that 2,784 prosecutions m and j1774, 1,074 (38%) colony between 1760 and 359 (13%) 03%j were - "3 blasphemy, profanity, were sexual offenses S Ztt**.. ' ssSs-88 ykus offenses non-attendance church. entitled to professional accused — not always the case. but that ? not taken too kindly as a of “constantly stirring up unnecessary suits”, and of C|Ol°n,aieing accused , ,,unskilled, and covetous." c ass, oeu y n itinued on next page) �INSTITUTE OF REGIONAL AFFAIRS NEWSLETTER VOL. XXI APRIL 15. 1975 I NO. 4 This News-Letter, publishedj nine community times annually as a c_ ..... _ ", service originates in the Institute of Regional Affairs of Wilkes College. Notes and inquiries may be addressed to Professor Walter H. Niehoff. Editor, Institute of Regional Affairs. Wilkes College. WilkesBarre. Pennsylvania 18703. Subscription free upon request. Massachusetts Prohibited 9^^ ^Sred 1641. while Virginia law7 t )n 1624, mere laymen helping "en Eng||Sh lawyer Thomas Norton, the first tramea a y who arrived in Plymouth was jai eo a expehed for “scandalous b,ehav.o . no case, or SOMe Mend for him. - ’Tis a happy country. However, early colonial law was not all bloodthirsty. The Puritan zeal “to reform every aspect of human activity” led to many legal innovations, particularly in procedure. By 1776, fewer capital crimes were on the books than in England, where trial by combat was finally repealed in 1818 by "an embarrassed Parliament which quickly buried the corpse.” While the death penalty was possible for any thief in England, Massachusetts imposed it only on it only repeaters. In Quaker West New Jersey, restitu­ tion of property or hard labor was substituted for hanging. A few colonies released a man from the death penalty if he could read (or at least memorize) one verse of the Bible, and this was later liberalized to branding the thumb of the guilty who couldn't read the verse. While the Revolution sought “equal justice for equal men", it had little immediate effect on tor^equal either substantive or procedural justice. Each "separate and independent state” went its own way, but generally the “ordinary course of justice" imported from England continued. For example, in English law, treason was used to supress all sorts of persons or groups considered enemies of the state, and it was treason to levy war on the kingdom, violate the king's eldest unmarried daughter, alter or clip coins, or make silver resemble gold. In 1781, New York simply seized this terrible v— providing that whoever preached, spoke weapon by or printed that the king had or r- ’ wrote, "dominance" over New York thereby i to have ought a "felony without benefit of clerqy” committed sentenced to death or banishment ’ ■ and was In fact, the number of acts “criminal” grew steadily from I77e efir»ed 1850. m addition to the classic crjtJ° were enacted a great number fOrm*s. < offenses and many defining ”pub|ic ecOn0 , In 1796, Tennessee barred clerqvI public office. In 1818, Connecticut, Up service to freedom of worship, which ch ‘ froze «_Pai<> resident into his congregation, church religious association. In 1831, Indian; a crime to allow epsom salts ‘‘to unenclosed and exposed to stock, horses of the neighborhood, ar,v unlawful to use “profane swearing”. |n new Constitution of Pennsylvania c dueling by depriving offenders of theoutlay 5 ri9ht to hold public office, and permitted divorce by individual application to the legislature. only and?’ : ' 1838,?e Tom Paine’s complaint quite accurate!* predicted the state of justice in poet Post-revolu. tionary America when he said that “the ‘■«e courts still hobble along by the stilts and crzt„,, oi ol crutches English and antiquated precedents — which ------ 1 are tyrannical.” Little as it was, and considering the long-established standards of that time, reforms in criminal justice began to appear even as the shooting was going on. In 1776, the first Constitution of Pennsylvania, reputed to be the most democratic constitution in history, specifically obligated the legislature to “reform the penal laws”. In 1784, the New Hampshire Constitution provided that “No wise legislature will affix the same punishment to the crimes of theft, forgery, and the like, which they do ol murder and treason. — The true design of all punishment being to reform, not to exterminate mankind”. In 1786, Pennsylvania abolished the death penalty for burglary and sodomy. The most significant change in the concept of justice after the Revolution, however, was the gradual shift from crime as a sin to crime as an offense against property and the use o law to further the community’s economi affairs. The criminal was “no longer a sinne against God, but rather one who preyed up° the property of his neighbor.” Our illustrations are intended to show sharp contrast between early and modern concepts of justice as we view them fror? oday s stage. Justice as it was conceived an practiced before and after the Revolution vvoul not be considered justice today. Justice ' is oncally conditioned, its nature and PraC ' ®ing a product of the people and their tirn • Li mheros of ,he Revolution sought justice ° rinht and' *n ^eir own terms, moved in right direction. (Continued on next page) can attain the unattainflenerati°n can Erich Fromm said in ieratioristice. Freedom" that striving for justice prom H<~rr | of human nature, although herent trend 1 and perverted like striving isar be repressed striving for the Higher Justice, » m. m did, they sowed the seed and ’fatheseedling from which has grown u^ed the Liberty, We, in our time, must of lose our heritage, for that tree or of history, the strongest the -g dash nouns'1 a strong at any given time is the despi*® . in justice i ingred'fnt apie ' A large prep—;, politically powerless local parties parties are controlled by a small self-perpetuated group of powerful _ . ..' -~-“l and selfish believe private S tHE voter and local parties Advocates of improved local government st inevitably focus on the operations of local Dolitical parties, for it is they who provide the official machinery for nominating candidates, conducting the campaigns, managing the voting process, and organizing the governments which make decisions affecting the community. They are as well the basic strength and organization of our state and national parties. Washington’s fears that political parties in general are sinister unnecessarily forces which divide the people [ unfounded. The concept of have proven largely l-------competing political parties is so basic to our political system that it is hard for us to conceive of their not existing. ,.g trend in America Unfortunately, the growing of political parties, dim view c' is to take a the local level, and seek especially at R ' interests satisfaction of private and public through non-party associations . Theoretically, a a voluntary association of Political party is a persons sponsoring certain ideas of government or maintaining political principles or beliefs in Pu ic policies of governments. The general funrt6 °f 'oca' Part'es to Put this theoretical causIOn,into Practice is, perhaps, the principal alien!, a the high Percentage of apathetic or of local voters- The legal duties and functions the avp parties are of no particular interest to ooncretp396-voter who needs and wants some in makin 9uJ?ance from his party to assist him I Primaries9 h'S Personal choice of candidates at such as and elections. Local party activities, of ?|l'lrriaries> attract normally less than 25% !s a tr,e eligibles primarily because the issue; 'elated to ' P00rly Presented and candidates are 'ssue positions only vaguely. cond!'/: po''tical leaders take issue with Probah|IOn’ ^nd| 'n sPecific instances, they >eVer a°ly correct. The important point, the via n°! wdo 's r'9ht or wrong, but, 'font the wP°'nt of preserving party viability, vrhat1 Party aSS of v°ters BELIEVE about their ’°cal ,PhU?'ic °"ice ST 8 “• selfish interest. present- I ' °nl’ who will serve that They BELIEVE ------- c that party officers and workers are narrow hacks or even crooks They BELIEVE that primaries are deliberately managed to maintain control in the select inner circle. They BELIEVE that party tickets are racially, ethnically, and religiously balanced to win votes, not to represent integrated policies. They BELIEVE that no matter what party or candidates are in power, the local government will be run about the same. Having such BELIEFS, there is little wonder that voters throw in the towel. The resulting apathy in the primaries or elections spills over into ultimate implementation of public policies. A party may have control of the offices in local government, but is quite powerless without general public support. Local parties may correctly take exception to what voters BELIEVE is wrong or bad about their operation, but mere denial will not eliminate them. Parties which shrug off voter attitudes reflected in the large “stay-at-home” vote, eventually find themselves on the outside. y.-.3 “closed” type of • , has the Pennsylvania r ’ y in which a voter registered in a primary particular party may only cast his primary ballot for a candidate listed on his party’s ballot. This candidate listed on frustrates the voter who is dissatisfied Ww._ j with his :3 the voter who is party’s list of candidates, --------- . so he is inclined to list of candidates, so stay home on primary primary day. the general day. In In the g Ltay jii home on froniientlv frustrated when , ,_.jrf ie is frequently election, the voter ... __ ■ ■ major competing dissatisfied with the two major r;c!i*y candidates but faces3 the common reality he is Oiw.... party he candidates but vote facesby wastes his it for an that he wastes his vote t casting " independent or third party runner. In many ' — third party states, adverse voter reaction to these frustra­ reaction voter tions has resulted in legal adoption of the open legal adoption resulted in which he is permitted in primary system under under which he is underforw..... the primary to vote any "y candidate candidate of either vote for any party. More to than 60%. of of' American American ccities over * 5,000, outside of Pennsylvania, use the than 60% Pennsylvania, haiiotofin I general —■ ] — outside general elections, elections, thus • — .ho names of nonpartisan ballot in label from the names the party Both reforms were the eliminating .n against local party entirely. candidaofSpopular rebellion their needs. Not that up” to "■ result to expectations, to “°Pen lived up must satisfy their failure —s have reforms hthat partieseventual legislative these do show I 5 or face e But they members potential mandates. on next Pa9e' (Continued �In our state, local parties can take a giant step forward by formulating specific and informative organization programs and policies, or platforms, if you will, and then support primary candidates who, in turn, support the platform. This will not only unify local parties around significant local issues, and form the basis of meaningful competition between parties, but should go a long way toward helping the potential primary voter identify candidates with issues and policies on which he has a position. Endorsing a candidate in the primaries who supports the party program is quite different and more acceptable to the voting public than the current “organization” endorsement. ANNUAL I.R.A. DINNER The Institute of Regional Affairs extends to all readers of its NEWSLETTER invitation to attend its 23rd .' a sincere annual dinner which has...be,en ,entatively scheduled Tor of Wednesday, May 28, i — ,„r the evening m the Dining Hall of the New Men’s Dormitory. This annual affair is held to honor the hundreds of men a. and women who have successfully completed designed to jimprove loca!CiaJ ShOrt courses recognize those' - andXerwhCoeShavaendbJ° nominated and ’ pped f°r outstanding public service in their , own communities, it is attended by public individuals welfare. officials, who are civic leaders lnterested jl.’ and ni Final arrangements will be | ( April. However, in view of the Past ; record, interested readers cr; are urged t to the Institute (717 - 824-4651 ext- 229' details and to make reservations ~ 0,3< The NEWSLETTER has enjoyed its readers, and its staff ioQV? talking WITH them at the dinner kimng ,£ta|K, °rWard ( gJ^5_^__WlLKE5 cQnjG|jLK|I^ARR|7pE^ VOL: THOUGHTS FOR TODAY There are lots of books tellino manage when you retire, but ".-9 you how to need is one telling us how to what most Of manage until, Us Today’s economy is m, much like old-fashir, underwear. Sometimes the bottom drops ou,°ne<1 A woman driver is cr,^ who drives |ike a man — and gets blamed one for We'll all be TV s stars some day. , All funerals are performed before 3 a live audience. l*’s not fair to say that half the politicians are crooked, when we know that halff of them are honest. Friends suspect that r --------a recent marriage isn't going too well — - he stays out all night and she doesn’t know j it. 23rd ANNUAL dinner institute MS-LETTER 0F REGIONAL AFFAIRS MAY 28, 1975 IRA NEWSLETTER WHklsteco|f|egZ9i°nal A'’airs [ W'lkes-Barre, Pa. 18703 Non-Profit Organization U. S. POSTAGE Return Pos,age Guaranteed PAID Wilkes-Barre, PaPermit No. 355 LAW, NOT MEN! ’75 --r3 to be a growing sense of There appears 'government among the American i^Tas we 1 approach our Bicentennial. £Poundedj ■by7 evidences and allegations of nd misuse of official power, a “abuse “"•crant segment of the public rationalizes s|9nl'.1, „„,,omment strains or circumvents the the’ people people <are justified in the same law the conduct. This This is is a strange, and perhaps ominous attitude, for a people whose revolu’heritage is steeped in the principle of tionary t respect for law. And yet it may not be so strange, for if we are are true to our Revolution, we must accept the traditional concept of “government of laws, not of men.” And “law” includes individual citizens . as well as officials. However, we use the term "government of laws, not of men”, in its historical sense to mean that those who govern should do so according to law, not their personal whims or private interests. Subjection of the governors to the rule of law is an ancient concept. Aristotle proclaimed it in his Politics. The Justinian Code bound the prince to the law. James Harrington (The Commonwealth of Oceana) said that government !n which men subject the people to their private interest and make laws according to that Parsonal interest is an “empire of laws, not of en- "who believes", he said, “that the law with/h him’ which is but words and paper, Anatm hands and swords of men?” of nn.6 Prance spoke of the majestic equality as wen ment by law’ “which forbids the rich ben in tkS tbe P°or> to sleep under bridges, to he streets, and to steal bread.” b®en'im"1'13 °f SU£es cOlle s°uth C J pa. I8702Streets ^w, of course, has never cSed tVhr?aL Oliver Goldsmith (The Traveller) oien ru| at the “Law grinds the poor, and rich fyhmed th . Iaw-” An unknown early poet nOlhan "The 'aw doth punish man or C°irimon- Ka' steals the goose from off the steals th’ 4^ lets the greater felon loose, that t erican«? _Common from the goose.” Many ik beina (. Ssume this pose toward law, and in A?c°ncent y exP°se their ignorance of what d today reant at the time of the Revolution The misunderstanding stems from i__MAY_15j975 the idea that all laws must indeed by men in the first place and ’ be enacted executed and enforced by men too, must be This view of law was expressed by William said that “All governments, like Penn clocks"when he run by tne motion which men give to them." “Government of laws and not of men," is, in a sense a rhetorical exr — laggeration. Yet there is a crucial contrast which emphasizes the distinction between the two. A A government of men flouts or defies all efforts -t at restraint upon its activities; a government of laws observes restraints. In the former, government is absolute, and therefore uncontrollable; in the latter, bridled and harnassed. The distinction becomes clearer if we properly separate laws enacted by men, and laws obtaining from a higher power. The first acts of disobedience and resistance in the colonies were against laws enacted by men — the King and Parliament. As colonies without sovereign rights, the revolutionaries stood on weak ground when they challenged the legality of laws properly enacted by their common legislature in England. Failing in their reliance on the “rights of Englishmen", they shifted| to the ancient principle of a “natural or higher law. The existence of a “higher law" was evident in the earliest colonies. The ^'^Vref^ction of mans right reason, hich resulted, the constitutional sys m governing the confirmed one cen ral nnmple^ "higher law - ha even the common equal before it. Intniso y, sense, law was not man-made in tne , jt; The K9“, Ze” »r .arSpSnh I.» » work they did not make’ was the2 Gdirect „ found. Whereas abuse a and misuse, of men, and was subject to their will or the "higherJaw y^ be obeyed of "natural" authority. ed to the ideal c. conceived it- Tom only if H Ch mans reason concei law as each man^s^ „ought t > be" when he ; the king in -B°u where, say some and Vhe’Royal d0lh not mal'’cm,inu,d 0" "•"* �INSTITUTE OF REGIONAL AFFAIRS NEWSLETTER 1 that we live, breathe, act, f thinly Without them we would be nothin, would not exist. anq we ,?'ilt SSly fHE KING IS DEAD! niution got rid of a king. and the out pe buried the idea of monarchy in nsii’utl°vpt some of the accoutrements of 5rica' monarchy have survived in the 7\oNte oi supremacy of state governments annstitutioinnral units, and in the doctrine that a ver their 7c local governments cannot be sued state ^estate’s consent. In essence, that is what „,r Mr. proclaimed to all the Yet' the world. world. believed in as little man-made govern^" Whi|s% This News-Letter, published nine > man-made feasible, Tom was not * ahes I times annually as a community service not an an anarchist c. then, anarchists who believe those 6 as originates in the Institute of Regional believe in in 75" those tnnttu,a' rights for which the “rabble of Affairs of Wilkes College. Notes and of 75" arms? No indeed! For anarchists believe* “P i inquiries may be addressed to Professor anarchists man-made law, while we do — so belie, 'n wilhoU common principle of civil justice that Walter H. Niehoff, Editor, Institute of So long justly enacted, e--"; Regional Affairs, Wilkes College, Wilkesequally and It is individual who inflicts injury or honestly istered, and constantly Barrd. Pennsylvania 18703. a privateaoainst the person or property of constantly a^in limitations on human rights, c°nsci0Us damage ayividua| may be subject to suit. Subscription free upon request. 'hese are °f 'Is only to the “higher law." ano|her are ca||ecj torts. They include subjec| Such aC stained through unprotected excavaAmericans revere this fundamental law Brute of Great Britain. — In America the Law iniurieS diverting drain water to another's is reflected in its constitutional principles, law, as j| is King. For as in absolute governments the ti°nS’ unsafe sidewalks, physicians’ take pride in its revolutionary ances1 king is law, so in free countries, the Law ought and Pr°peor'tice or maintaining “attractive nuisances” ' ancestry. Constitution was to be a “government to be king.” The ""Z-.t of laws, h as dangerous abandoned buildings or not of men,” leaving men- to eF That p‘ " -- Declaration iqi auu effectuate mat memorable memorable portion of the of principles by man-made statutes, unguarded machinery which constitute a threat those Independence in which which Jefferson Jefferson delineates delineates the ------ ,,i chas served us well for nearly 180This , concept io children. “self-evident truths," at the same time delineates 1 /aars, with minor changes through constitutional those tenets which Americans have always The same right of an individual to sue a Americans have ment and judicial review. The question amendclaimed as their definitive “natural rights". municipal corporation for similar transgressions, becoming more and more audible is whether vie ........ J “ natural They were the "natural laws” fixed indelibly in however, has been denied or limited in our of this generation can make the concept our constitutional system by the Revolution. states for nearly two hundred years. The responsive enough to the strains of an Resistance movements throughout our history doctrine of municipal tort immunity under increasingly complex society. Are we facing the have relied on this distinction between ordinary common law thus established a dual standard crisis of 1787 — the formulation of a new and "higher" law, challenging the former by which perpetuated the obsolete concept that constitution, adjusted to new and uniquea moral appeal to the latter. Yet, except for some The king can do no wrong.” and social criteria of the “higher law”? religious denominations, comparatively few Americans are aware of the idea of “higher” The historical roots of governmental im­ Assuming ours continues to be a “govern­ law. But there still is a growing feeling abroad munity are found in the English common law ment of laws, not of men ” under the traditional that if a man-made law is unjust or unjustly decision in Russell v. Men of Devon in 1788. values, those “higher laws” are not self­ administered, a "higher law” prevails. This is This case established in common law the enforcing. Many constitutions, like that of the as it should be if we are to maintain our principle that "a wrong to an individual by the Soviet Union, have included the finest sounding progressing revolution in the interest of social State must be submerged in the convenience of guarantees, which in practice are not worth the justice. the public.” In England there were no paper they are written on. Nor does the But there exceptions, and this doctrine of absolute defense of the “higher law" lie with such j®. an I— dll(icully here. „ Where is the 3..„, inherent difficulty institutions as the legislatures and the courts, immunity crossed the sea to Massachusetts in ihigher" is to be entrusted with |aw J°.be founp? Who indispensable though they be. 2- On Mower v. Leicester, the immunity of ■•■i its Uls fact, are the e— " discovery? county was upheld on the grounds that it was "higher" la«s??,Wflal' I" is reasonablespecific < The truth is that And, how stability to i ot "pPbl^eci by the sovereign state for purposes institutions are strong to the extent that a modern society, e’eT’o„mei“n“^m —J in C;; prerogatives himself? if public feels keenly large enough section of the Would enough to have them so. If result be anarchy? enough Americans are r ':J “I lhe ££ in New EnglTd0386 S°°n became the basic law ore sufficiently determined preserve and exercise ___ _ i icuui cu 1 *9'liuto, Anarchists believe m me complete and later, with few exceptions, "-!-a their “ natural rights under law, these rights will be exercised ano in the law, and .„„a.,ue of government and man-made / of the states. Pennsylvania abolition will be exerciseo and preserved, and so ely on the “natural law" of society. Mikhail Ie Parade in 1888 when it first held that will be found to do the job. But institutions where school (districts, as quasi-corporations created reliance "natural laV—'w"^ anarchist exalted by ‘he ai lacking, no congress, r that determination is natural law. We may ignoreanarchist natural laws ! state for the sole purpose of c;;ai or no court can fill the gaPeven not know them at all. hn* • We cannot disavow natural laws ■tg public education for the state, are disobey them, for they at all, e but we cannot cannot disavow the J the “natural law”! tortious conduct of employees, the very condition of contribute the basis and Revolution! ultimate sanction, t American ., al, Human The individual advantage must give way unconditionally the slaves our existence. We are therefore, of all human civil liberties under a government law and not of i'.c welfare.” such '"ch slavery there is i of these laws. But in men resides in the same source that created SucAcbus°lute is not not islavery at all. no humiliation, or rather it the the municipal immunity inevitably an e-/ ' country and its Constitution initially an° external master, a For slavery presupposes ^'opincedaJ° the face rnead(jrs 'Ve,fective - the political will of the those v o exceptions exceptions in in the face of c. i legislator standing above oe whom he commands, peop e. Freedom in any society is what the are not v,er state )hernocratic social justice. In state I.. •_..Js, which those laws in relation inherent ,extrinsic in op e earn and guard for themselves. di®. I°r thp (e COurts decreed a limited right to in us, the" -relation to us; they are whole beiiing. Andley constitute our nature, our vJln9cishinn °uious acts °f municipalities by it is in AJ ^i-ever is' there remains a “higher law it is only through those laws hfi? 9°vernm between public functions which he nrOnCa' ?nd that law’ not fallible men, mus J,e "promeatal” nature and those which societeySe as the ultimate governor in °ur ultimate ls,ied thJ6 tar7"- Meanwhile, England , entire doctrine of municipal VOL. XXI MAY 15, 1975 NO. 5 as'iti: immunity. Modification of the doctrine did not occur in Pennsylvania until 1958, when, in the case of Morris v. Mt. Lebanon Township School District, the Pennsylvania Supreme Court, while refusing to abrogate it Supreme entirely, ruled that municipal corporations "areentirely nm ■■m.mu ._not from tort liability for negligent 1 acts of, ^mune their — performing proprietary functions.” Immunity servants remained inviolate, however, in performance of "governmental” functions. Performance In general, including Pennsylvania, have 'd’X/0^3' defined governmental func lions as those in which the municipality acts for the state in the power, matters of co. exercise of the police concern to the state at large and those performed t ■ . [he generarpu^'ic^^^^dS^ ,u rather than for other PhrP°aSe h Proprietary functions, on the other hand have been defined as those mVnOrm^dt f°r the peculiar benefit of a municipality, or those which have a “business character or produce "revenues”. These general definitions did little more than confuse the issue. Chief Justice Traynor California Supreme Court, hit the target when he said, “The rule of governmental immunity for tort is an anachronism, without rational basis, and has existed only by the force of inertia. Moreover, the distinction between governmental and proprietary functions is probably one of the most unsatisfactory known to the law, for it has caused confusion not only among the various jurisdictions, but almost always within each jurisdiction.” The injustice of such vague and limited immunity is obvious. In one state or another, the following have been considered "Govern­ mental” functions, thereby denying the individual the right to suit: - Not liable for injury caused by the negligence of a‘ Pol'ae"an J remove a rope placed across the street not liable for blood poisoning from corapa's°^ vaccination by a city physican, not liable^ the death of asma injuries on a responding to a tire, no for un. neglected school aroun, by a poiice justified “’“'L0',' negligence in clea.ing ’''‘“'^^ '‘ .m PdWic9 propenyl S Tor the injuries caused during street could” always instruction. Of course ooe^c.^as an tiring suit against m dingi, difficult doctrine of --n law common Pennsylvania , force in , is much and there ; alike are May. as a e that officials and citizens in Ayala v. evidence that oi In that year, ’ of Education, the unaware of a cha g ■ -j Board "he Philadelphia B._ at long last Court, 3 supreme Pennsylvania - . This contused (Continued on next pagel �abolished the total doctrine of immunity. No longer must Pennsylvania play word games to secure justice. This case involved the mangling and amputation of a young boy's arm in a school upholstery machine which had no safety device, was in a dangerous and defective condition, and was left unsupervised. Should the school district be liable for injury to the innocent youth to the same degree as a private individual who negligently caused the same injury? In prior years - NO! At last, YES! Local governments and quasi-corporations now stand on the same ground as people! This is a milestone in social justice in Pennsylvania. In rendering the opinion of the Court. Justice Roberts saw no reason for contmuance of the "king can do no wrong­ concept, since it was clear that, whatever mav V’1!?tesis presently'justify SUbK ^umb'Ous language habout" “« “"^derationsTnV z<z zzs s29fnT'-and ,n a a tortious injury when it consequences of hardship by [he communhv Withouf Revolutionary War was Sht t Uuher’ “The »x juuSM-S may 2™"?asaia the common 'law", ^conduct, and t ere j^J^^ces o? h is consequence: :3 no eTZ'S^ ^^-^maruS/^^ reason f"r ect of ‘his principle. 1 units to to escape the Experience in other states states fear of a “flood of litigation" Tu municipalities, but “it js law to remedy wrongs that - the expense of a flood change should be a plus for municipal government illwill between local <------ ' has at last been removed I'lc than a I its -urc6 The King is dead! A amendment would prevent his resurrecttionll!tioiai thoughts for •TODAY The world’s not altogether least we never see a TV comm sorrowful happy ending. ornmercial —1 Without ai a Some arguments have two sides _ end. antl no There is some evidence that in the r We are short. morning than the cevening, but‘ We re sure most of :f us are a bit short — -t at the t week. end of the Isn't it hard t to be humble when you’re as great as you are? A man without Principles has nis disposal. everything at It’s not c; so bad if your mind goes blank, if you remember to -■ -J turn off the sound. A real friend is c-~ ■ one ,roubles - but doesn ’t. who can tell you all his The first man gets the man gets the shell 9 th oyster, the second done. fe£ dnmS?’t last goes along. IRA sh„. . Sh°uid rt again! disr a9ainsta,sp6| businLOffen^ 9 f t0 keep long by what he has on delivering as he newsletter S?pc:!^ionai Affairs Wilkes-Barre, Pa. 18703 Non-Profit Organization U. S. POSTAGE Return Pos'age Guaranteed PAID Wilkes-Barre. PaPermit No. 355 S' NO-6-1 WILKES COLLEGE7~V\/iLKES^BARRE CONSTITUTIONALISM 76 neclaration which changed a long series Th.® Hioturbances of the colonists against the of ciV' country country into a full-scale Revolutionary mother "thirteen separate and independent War " proclaimed the “self-evident truths” slateS jhich the new nation was to be founded: uponiitv of all men; inalienable natural rights; Eq«nment to secure these rights; government hv the consent of the governed; and, the inherent right to alter or abolish government which is destructive of these rights. Having won the struggle to eliminate the imperial power was but one of two steps in the founding of the “new nation”. It cut “the ties which bound it to another." The second step, and perhaps the more difficult, was to create a single united nation under a structure of government which would attain the ends for which the Revolution was fought. This ultimate objective was not realized until after more than a decade of war and a feeble and unsuccessful attempt at confederation during the Eighties. This almost anarchistic period, however, was the “Seedtime of the Republic”, for it brought 10 a focus a century and a half of colonial Political experience in the Constitution of 1787. This experience impressed upon the colonists onrt.Fi|St Principle required to structure a “Jiflca. sYsTem conductive to attaining the there'eVICient trutbs”- They had learned that if of m!as to be a government of laws and not natUra||' a governme nt subject to a higher government fixed inaW’ such " principles must be permanently a written constitution, subject to Peaceful only by the explicit will of he P^Plealteration th, - themselves. rernains’ institutionalism has become, and Political’er eV°undat’on stone °f our American funds™ ' °ur Constitution is the organic 116 charter enta' law tbe nation, establishing tying thP hand conception of its government, ne is tn asJc Principles to which its internal &.rn|hent °e eonformed, organizing the r-u 'n9 thk a?d regulating, distributing, and DnSnt and m onctions, and prescribing the Un/5rs. Its n-uner of the exercise of sovereign n a,l the 1 of lights, now at last binding states, is a fixed and enlarged PENNA. 2_JUNE 15, 1975 Xta? -.the h attained and preserved. are t0 be mometZnriCha!tCOnCept,°f “nationalism is more than history. In America it is a psychoiogica1 characteristic seeded and nourished in the early colonists in an insecure and lonely environment and aggravated by alienation from the distant motherland. For a century and a half before the Revolution, colonials had endured the oppressions of political, social, and economic power over which they had little or no control. Thus the suspicion of unrestrained power was indelibly impressed upon their character. James Iredell had said that history justifies the “strongest suspicion of men in authority," and Hamilton recognized well that most men have a deep lust for power and an inclination to abuse it unless restrained. Fiery Sam Adams condemned the natural tendency of men of authority to more power than the people felt safe to grant. Ben Franklin believed fervently in the limitation of the ruling powers by fundamental and higher law to make them the servant of the people. Montesquieu, in The Spirit of the Laws, wrote, “Constant expenenc Adams .„;j from men in their favor tavor and a, u when they have a majority ■— is , gratify themselves, i- to *" consequently powerJo universal" experience. ano u.— . tnai disbelieve all histo y >< blind as not to sem upon a " VaT of "founding a 'government g- great bodies of and and great will practice a course a to' babble an ie|f-denial, is deceive new-born infant, ’ri"CiPle<l 7°S'g»«nment « ■-•■3 and not unpm ■ . 'arid the men Believing 01 ,XSe"“ia"V •" of men, next pagel �r INSTITUTE OF REGIONAL AFFAIRS VOL. XXI NEWSLETTER JUNE 15, 1975 NO. 6 This News-Letter, published nine times annually as a community service originates in the Institute of Regional Affairs of Wilkes College. Notes and inquiries may be addressed to Professor Walter H. Niehoff, Editor. Institute of Regional Affairs, Wilkes College, WilkesBarre, Pennsylvania 18703. Subscription free upon request. who executed them. were. indeed, s^deT'to^fix "hinher law", the early colonists tended to nx limitations on men in written form. What ey considered the “fundamental” laws were con­ tained in written documents like the Bible, church organizations, English documents, charters, and compacts. They knew very weh that men. not some words on paper, would govern them in the future. Yet they flattered themselves that through fundamental principles of their charters and first constitutions they would continue to be ruled by the law of all generations rather than the discretion of any one. Thus the commitment to constitutionalism as the expression of the higher political morals essential to freedom and democracy was well-fixed in the colonial mind by the time of the Revolution. This early tendency toward “constitution­ alism" in the colonies was considerably quickened during the long period of strife over the ill-defined boundaries of English imperial power and colonial rights. The word “uncon­ stitutional” had become a household word by household w the time3 of 2n the the infamous infamous Stamp Act. They Stamp Act. were not■ all constitutional a.l constitutional lawyers, but their common sense could differentiate sense by by and and large I large couldlaw c" made by between .an an immoral and aa moral immoral and J a moral law enacted, men. Simply because a statute was did not m mean had” V to be obeyed. ean it had statute was After all' Pharoah made made a a decree > that obeyed, all new-born decree Hebrew boys were to be killed that at birth, and were to be killed □ e.r°d had ordered ordered all young children in all young Bethlehem to to be slain. Was itchildren right for ... be slain, magistrates_ to to execute the order "andright for the for execute the peace officers to kill the babies? C-to kill thethe democr —. Ul6 France c "7._a was do, democratic, Once, when democratic, the the butchery of thousands. Was it a .. if thousands. Was it .racy a moral duty ordered to massacre massacre the the pcc; nAnni^ ■■ a moral people? It moral It is is the legal and ml duty of officials legal _.s to execute no matter execute every statute, - " how immoral individual’s or wicked to the conscience? Constitution, ~.ce on on the rather than on Reliance power, or c" 1^ force and personal whim and whim v' ole nce? has the bedrock * of the always been American Political heal system. the ultimate right to overthrow it? It goes without saying that i /S/a/77 .orti with wit< 76 did! At the very moment they unsettled world, when most of us are 8bHw 5fs'Men psychological crutch to sustain , Men c . against the English constitution, T® evoltmy “public happiness depends on Americans are questioning the fundam!’ 'ete revs, '"’,pd unshaken attachment to a free they insisted of the Constitution. While not of^l > . virtuous and unshat Walt Whitman expressed the feeling K | constitution. ” Loyalty1 to that constitution was them only so long as it significant segment of the population 01 a1 incumbent upon! ther principles enunciated by Jefferson, vehemently opposed what he called •'e5 He reflected the pi ’- ' j to do so, they felt justifiably management" and the officiousness Once it failed that loyalty. If we disavow the law-making powers in moral behavior ,he 1 absolved from to correct abuses by whatever detested “sumptuary legislation, Sabbath n inherent right should be surrendering the last ordinances, anti-drinking statutes, Jig means, we si W ■, which to protect our liberty whole profusion of laws foisted on the Cn tt)e weapon with As Jefferson said, by busybodies,” as useless and an offe„sUn,rf potential tyranny, against existence -ce c. of ....... that right as the ultimate the human spirit. Legislators, he said Wer! the very Is the •■--5 best too frequently sinners themselves, and had ’11 t— deterrent to the abuse of weaponin a democracy. right to force men legislatively into virt"0 power it; "Blue laws were made by hypocrites and th? men look at constitutions with •■Some produced more of the same. same.’” Closer, perhaps ■3 reverence”, said Jefferson, “and to a current attitude, Whitman roared thai r sanditimonious like the Ark of the Covenant, too 1 them in "behind the facade of appearing as deem be touched. They prescribe to the appearing leaders, the politicians practice favoritism sacredf to be preceding age a wisdom more than practice f of the p --djd to de support special interests, exploit the poor, and human, ‘and" suppose . - t the am Su PP°se what they maintain their privileged positions positions through an think moderate beyond amendment. ^perfection ndment-. — I thin manner of chicanery.” imperfections had better be borne with; We have today because, we accommodate ourselves to them, today essentially essentially the Constitution as did our forefathers. It same and find practical means of correcting their ill established, and remains, the guardian of was effects. But I know also that laws and our national conscience. The colonials laid down institutions must go hand in hand with the their “lives, fortunes, and sacred honor" to progress of the human mind. — We might as protest against laws which offended their well require a man to wear the coat which fitted consciences or the “higher him when a boy, as civilized society to remain We are about to honor them law” of society, ever under the regimen of their barbarous for their courage and sacrifice. Today we ancestors. — Each generation is as independent would jail them, or worse, brand them as undesirables and as the preceding one, as that was of all that ostracize them. Or, cn '.! on the other end of the had gone before. It has then, like them, a right spectrum of officialdom, __ , we would look the to choose for itself the form of government it other w — -H >. way or limit punishment for abuses of believes most promotive of its own happiness.” power to personal „___ ” of -■ the abuser. *" the “h '-iovuciI anguish There is an ominous tone to the warning 0 om' Theodore Parker who said, “When a nation 1 willing to •J accept accept laws which violate tna WHO RUNS OUR SCHOOLS? nation’s> conscience, conscience, the nation is rotten. __ Who Should we not reply that if a statute is right, runs our public schools? we not reply that if________ _ ■ ■ accord with ' "''th our higher law, and fairly enforced What a stupid question! Everybody knows upon all, we „should ask how we can best obey that °ur c - local schools are the responsibility of it? When the ltle school law or its execution, is wrong, 'phocl directors whom we elect. The boards ought we ask in the spirit of our Revolutionary run the schools — they make the budget, set birth, how the tax „ we can best disobey it, — m°s safely, most effectually, with the least instability rates, approve the curriculum, hire the adniinist trators and teachers and fix their or violence? Claries, equinm' .provide and maintain buildings and The belief in a “higher law” expressed in srK-_.eiJ ’ schedule the number of days in the Constitutional system is deeply rooted m school American Creed born of our Revolution. At oversee o.erm, approve teacher assignments, school management, and establish such same time, while we are not usually inclineQ<,ist 1 r iculate it openly, the inherent right to r I policies they deem “in the best buses of our fundamental law remains boards run ?KUr chi|dren.” Of course, our school equal article of that Creed. Otherwise, un the schools! °aeaty, we should be compelled to cor|d ie. and disavow the Revolution we now celebra’ is n°t stupid! It’s quite a iJ'*1 exPeripW y e'ected board members to learn enmmu °Ur 9eneration reconcile its de®,| An assure "nCe h°w restricted are their powers men* to to the the present constituti Action," children of the best possible (Continued on next page) ^icap tr control by local boards is an a ’tion. it is also a myth! For the sake of , our children, we ought to be aware of what the’ situation in Pennsylvania really is. aware of In the first place, our state constitution Places pspecific responsibility state for thec-establishment and or the of ea public ...j maintenance of a fsystem schools c system of on the state legislature. This body has delegated _d certain responsibilities and powers to local school boards primarily in the Public School Code. The Code is commonly viewed as a grant of authority, but in reality it is a limitation of authority, so ridiculously detailed that it leaves comparatively little discretion to those who are supposed “runn the sch°°'s‘" The proposed ne7scho eol to c°0? —• - ' 1 code be an improvement in the h m,ay °r may not rule”, but it def n U d'rectlon of “h°™ restraint on local dist riel s foT le9'sla,ive say that our school board! “ru within the limitations of the prevailing Code°OS The Public Employee Relations Act of 1970 commonly known as Act 195, has added another restrictive element, and at the current stage of interpretation has further confused the question of “who runs our schools.” The Act justly guarantees public employees, including public school teachers the right to organize and bargain collectively, and even to strike under stated circumstances. School boards are required to bargain with teachers on “matters affecting wages, hours and terms and condi­ tions of employment, as well as the impact thereon upon request by public employe representatives.” This provision certainly further limits board members, but eliminates the age-old powerlessness of teachers to have input in determination of their economic welfare. There is, however, another provision which was intended to restrict the mandate to bargain INHERENT “ANA6EBWL roUC,uc|1”areas and selection and dire t on p emp|Oyees with employees are also required to discuss^ op the impact on the which have an policy matters “bargainable matters. iwj the Act to interpreted School boards have bargain, only on wages, ■mployment, and that they of ei matters are and I policy' the emphasizin9 that are 1 Jinsistincreasingly excluded. and are matters. The "policy" r-ins on bargaining ^'“(continued «nhdl«ns �issue. therefore which ^'ale ?.,-?‘S Sat matters are considered “managerial and therefore, not bargainable. The Court did decide which of 21 items presented are or are not bargainable, but has remanded the items for review by the Pennsylvania Labor Relations Board. In your judgment, which, if any, of the following items are “managerial” and should be left exclusively to boards, or which, if any, have an impact on wages, hours, and conditions of employment and should be subject to bargain­ ing by teachers? Providing adequate instructional material? Cafeteria for teachers? Eliminating hall, bus, lunch, and study hall duties? Chaperoning athletic activities? Leaving the building when not teaching’’ Maximum class size? Handling supplies? Determining the school calendar? Designating holidays? Unless the legislature clearly defines “managerial policy”, each decision will apparent­ ly be made on a case by case basis by the Labor Relations Board. Meanwhile, the answer to “who runs our schools” is probably the legislature, school boards, teachers — and maybe even the pupils. I.R.A. ANNUAL AWARDS DINNER thP'int-tW(enty(‘th'rd Annual Awards Dinner of 2S“on X°n23A'ni'Sl'hBWil|l,eS C”"e<=eDormitory with Philio R t h T Men’s Olreclor, ™ e»es marked the close nf .h?0 ^S’ - 'he dlnner productive year of in co the nstltute’s most with more than 1 400 CertiHo train.ing courses Presented b, Frei Miller Program Supervisors. The occasio expansion of the I.R.A. Program f0 n°ted to statewide coverage. rr°m regJhe The Institute’s Annual Special 91 I Public Service was presented to BinAward ’ Fire Chief of Duryea Borough fOr J- Gro °r public service to the Wyoming v°n^din’ Chief Gross not only served h'ey community for more than twenty year hOrno been a leading figure in Luzerne Cn ’ but ha Defense, and has many years of Unimty c'v service as an instructor in the Program. ^Hute's news-letter I Entertainment was provided by the vValley Chorus of the Wilkes-Barre r> fuming . SPEBSQUA, Inc. chapt6r ■ — r of Mrs. Hugo V. Malley, widow of the F of the Institute, was again the guest ofl~oun(jer Other guests were welcomed by Robert f honor. Chapin, Dean of Academic Affairs, and Andrew Shaw, Jr., Institute Director The invocation and benediction were delivered by the"r° Callt)n . Reverend Paul Visoky Pastor of Saint Mathew Evangelical Lutheran Church. ai|yeiical THOUGHTS FOR TODAY A nice title for a clock-watching employee is an Expert In Time Study Analysis.” College students should make r a special effort to be kind t_ to their parents. After they get through paying . J to educate tthem, their offspring are all they have left. Many parents wish their teenage daughter would hurry and grow up: Right now, she’s all skin and phones. . only person who got all his work done by Friday was Robinson Crusoe. A rman is seldom as smart as his mother thinks,• or as dumb as his mother-in-law says. IRA NEWSLETTER Non-Profit Organization U. S. POSTAGE Wilkes-Barre, Pa. 18703 PAID Return Postage Guaranteed Wilkes-Barre, PaPermit No- 355 P WILKES COLLEGE,~WILkes^BARrF yOLJiiLJArpenna. L—22L1VI975 REPUBLIC 76 essentSd ejulit^o^aj311 pri"ciPle of ,he oiieaiance to the flag of the United “I plef9America, and to the REPUBLIC for States ' stands” reflects our commitment to which -fundamental 1 article of the American another .. . was born in the revolutionary Creed which of the eighteenth century. By no struggles 'the first in history, our republican form means t.. ...... t was the only logical replacement 0( government absolutism of hereditary monarchy. It lor the c.— was unique, however, in terms of the large be governed, and geogreph icslI area to sociological gdiversities existing in the thirteen colonies. L It ■remains unique as history’s oldest colonies. republic under the same constitution. The republican principle is the fountainhead of our system of government. Consequently, any threats, encroachments, or deviations from its essential nature jeopardizes the entire structure. Unfortunately, most Americans mouth the word “republic” with little or no understand­ ing of its basic character, and, therefore, unaware of the subtle erosion of its principles and practices in our interest-centered society. Once the Revolution forced upon the colonies the necessity of choosing a form of self-government, they had to choose one of ree °Pbons — hereditary monarchy, oligarchy, ihP ,emocracy- Having already revolted against toipr2>ranmes of the first, and not inclined to olioarrh urther the arrogance of the British politica/th-hey had only one choice. Colonial they hn r,lnkers were British to the core, and But thf>r°Wed extens'vely from English writers, ^in was highly selective, 'Bnorino °nly met their needs and rejected °hr /'ejecting the rest. Thus, Ithey aristocrap,, th monarchy and oligarchy1 or CQnr_ , |L6ntc' ■es Llln Sd_ Library South StreetB s-Barre ' plaV down Wilkes c^i Coliege Pa- 18702s _xx x: +to +those F paid O^CBIQI special CLUCI attention l HUI I — -■■ — r°y >r-/ycri yuVCIII'JIO tended —— -T al governors to ihus, democracy! and , . Presented problems for the presented -.ionai n Revolution and, later, the ’atic Convention, for they were not as ’uy Cnas We are inclined to think. hand^rnrn°n'y meant placing government Peonip" °f “a general assembly of the fdi,cation h as John Wise put it in his Not that they completely beings, but they did sharclv m °P 6 aS human of the uneducaLd masse oqXOn(the ability complexity as government. Then"' too^tJp3 were ever conscious of the Aristn'tei an y that democracy inevitably detert T mobocracy and eventually despotic dictatorship0 White the general feeling was that individual liberty would be most secure under a form of democracy, it was fraught with serious dangers And “pure democracy by an assembly of the whole people” was certainly impractical for a whole nation. The genius of the leaders, therefore, gave democracy a typical American twist. By 1776, most Americans agreed with John Adams that “there is no good government but what is republican.” Thereby, they provided a~ system in which sovereignty resided in the whole people, but would not actually be exercised by them, This is the essence of a republic. But just what is a republic? Although the Constitution of"the United States guarantees to each state a “republican form of government , it ■ .rm. And the Supreme does not define the term. accustomed to look for Court, to which we are such interpretation, has consistently refused to thZground that this is a political define it on t.._ = . q| ||-|g executive question within the jurisdiction and legislative branches. It is universally agreed^ republic is a democracy m^which powers are lodged in lire ln» en‘c'Se vereign wh.(e exeCuled by thee RlghleLl »»"- « representatives. “representation 9rafte Paine characterized t a P^g a( a SyStem ", thus, upon democracy , thus federating all the capable oi of ’embracing emb'racing a a-"d c0£xtent of territory various interests interests and^ N-.Xvanuoo and population^ Madison saw the g c as "the James f-democracy and a ,atter, , t0 a between < ” n °f the 9°(V%nT elected by ‘the rest. ' delegation nUmber °f other element between small r-f'legi^ating interposing lhe act Montesquieu By popular next page) the ro (Continued on �~ —■ REGIONAL AFFAIRS INSTITUTE of VOL. XXI NEWSLETTER OCT. 15, 1975 NO. 7 ’ published nine This News-Letter, — a community service times annually as Institute a < ... the of Regional originates ..... of in Wilkes College. Notes and Affairs inquiries may be addressed to Professor Walter H. Niehoff, Editor, Institute of Regional Affairs, Wilkes College, WilkesBarre, Pennsylvania 18703. Subscription free upon request. choose, though unqualified to be chosen s the people, though capable of callingj others to account for administration, are incapable of conducting administration themselves. The Revolutionaries, therefore, acted on the premise that one essential organ of free government was a representative legislature which was to serve as the instrument of consent through which the people “tax and restrict themselves.” The Scotch-Irish were the most vehement supporters of representative government, while the Germans were quite passive. The former's only dissatisfaction with representation in their adopted colonies was that they were not representative enough. Being generally made up of gentlemen of property and prestige, colonial legislatures were more dedicated to royal authority than to the common interests of the ordinary subjects. Consequently, in many colonies in 1764, civil war seemed most likely on these grounds than was war with Great Britian. Such was the Regulator Movement which exploded in organized and sustained violence in North Carolina between 1768 and 1771. Not all of the leaders of the Revolution favored a republic. John John Adams Adams felt felt that that the British system wouldI be be the the most most perfect perfect ever devised by man, if only a few of its defects and abuses were corrected. Hamilton differed only because he felt that the British system was perfect as it was, and that correction of its few vices would make it impractical. Washington had even less confidence in th' integrity and discretion of the p;-the “natural People, and in the safety and c„ extent ‘‘ to which -I they might entrust themselves v. with ‘, a control ■'—I over their government." --------government.” Even the radical Thomas^effemon commented that “"173 173 despots would su^y be as oppressive as ~— ” ,-a as one. y A perennial problem in repgovernment, just representative as puzzling in 197R is the' Proper function "" as in 1776, of an elected tive. ISamuel Cook’s solution in 1770 representais of little help. {or he vaguely business that can be themselves should ever This begs delegates.” exactly what the people themselves. p ----proclaimed done by t; be trusted to the quests are capable of doi^ Then, as now, there are two djam opposed views of the proper function of representatives. r ashtl , allt e|< r3 favored a republic, , the Founders the right of the people .igst 0 , believe in t..u did n°' enact laws, but they were fearful ^Leh'®5 ’tatives might pass laws contrary to rights of man. They believed their 1 n3turaLd Constitution provided protection 'Jinadequacies of popular rule and, at >t thetirT1e, protection against invasion of S Sties of the people. l >e 1 „ America apparently differs sharply M°dhP Founders, for in this century, iv rsince since the *,ilh ilh lh aJy the urear Great Depression and part|cultwar II there haS been a 9r°wing -’'iicula.L ||, there has iVorlb wd toward pOpU|ar mistrust of elected !w'ard popular Mlinal tatives Emphasis is turning to the ;s. Emphasis ,epfeS f the individual citizen either to be free individual rigN ° .|ative regulation, or to participate ■-> regulatio o’ hv in the lawmaking process. The initiative h pferendum, increasing use of petitions, I a ,ile demonstrations, tax revolts, refusal to oonize or obey unpopular laws, are but a few the inconvenient meetings of the people Sications of this trend. We are currently themselves.” In other words, a representative Lessing the greatest confrontation of the has no business voting against the will of h|s people and their representatives, short of open constituents, even if he thinks that mandate wrong or harmful, and if he doesn’t know what revolt, in history. that mandate is, he should go home and find Our Republic, or representative democracy, out before he votes. has worked well during nearly two hundred The first has been called the m Theory. It was originally propounded6 Rousseau, who contended flatly that .by representative should never make p0|icv the simply register the policy preferences of r constituents. It was enunciated by vVilihhis Paterson in the Constitutional Convention ■am a' when he said, “the principle of representation •s an expedient by which an assembly of individi chosen by the people is substituted in placed The Independence Theory considers govern­ ment problems too complex to be handled by people other than those who make representa­ tion a fulltime job. People have their livelihood to earn and have no time nor inclination to be informed. Therefore, the representative must initiate, not merely reflect, policies. Supporters of this view disagree that this position leads to oligarchy, since the people retain the power to remove through elections. Thus, until he is so removed, the representative should at all times follow his own views and judgment. “Govern­ ment and legislation are matters of reason and judgment”, said Edmund Burke, ‘‘not of inclination; and what sort of reason is that in which the determination precedes the discussion, in which one set of men deliberate and another decide, and where those who form the conclusions are perhaps three hundred T"'®,, distant from those who hear the arguments. A natural response is to contend that the proper function of a representatives in , republic is a combination of the Mandate at1 Independence theories. But such a T"00 9/ound bas evaded our republic to this dayWe still face the dilemma of how to 013 representatives truly representative. And n ,acL°rs have complicated the problem sin . 6 — political parties, organized labor a corporate interests, irrational legislative districts, professional lobbies, partisan congression ?Pad21'Vees fortified by the “senility" system lPr,e|Sfip’ AI1 of these have enlarged , nt9JS a( 'Vt resP°nse to organized spec‘a Sn S' ,but have left the unorganized mass 0 zens almost helpless bystanders. (Continued on next page) 20 senior high in Lackawanna. schools in ln'ermediate Unit 19 The main theme of tl the instruction is to teach appropriate forms ' is to between the adults with of communication counselor. It is designed problems and the I to accelerate the process of understanding the ...a individual adult and his specific problem, .., evaluating that problem in terms of his t,'lo particular particular environment em. ’ircr.u.oi' and psychological situation. Instruction involves Instruction involvi use of appropriate appropriate texts, texts, spec'.™ special batteries ' ------- of tests, and -,d qualified quest lecturers. years, but we have not yet solved the problem of representation which is the essence of a republic. This is a challenge to which we should commit our efforts in the Bicentennial year. TRAINING ADULT COUNCELORS Wilkes College is currently conducting a second section of a special course initiated last spring to train counselors to serve adults in the communities of Lackawanna and Luzerne counties. Funded under Title I of the ennsylvania Higher Education Act for Communi,y Service and Continuing Education, the 7?inSe ,is desi9ned to provide specialized sch lng ,or a total of forty practicing secondary mak° co.?nselors and psychologists in order to and available to adults the professional advice tosy ' anca which are normally available only I I II I I secondary schoo, students. theThi HiahC0UrSe implements the new concept of 1116 PeonY ^d.ucation Act by emphasizing “not Peop|e wh tbe problem, but rather the ^Pblem" °n Wor.k with the people with the p°Ssess th Trifled school counselors already ik^'elized61 ■ '.c sk'Hs of counseling, and the i r Peculia rainin9 to counsel students with '°9|cal found P.roblenns. This basic training is a Pecial skiika l0n f°r additional training in the Under needed to assist adults. cn!?irs' the* J*'00 the Institute of Regional Ihtpiors in U.ruse has been offered to school rrr,ediatp 11 • 19 senior high schools of n|t 18 in Luzerne County, and the Prof. Philip R. Tuhy, Associate Director of I.R.A., is the project Director. Dr. Joseph T. Bellucci, Department of Education, is the Instructor-in-charge, while Barbara Bellucci, is Problem Coordinator. The problem of providing adult counseling was aggravated by the Great Flood of 1972, but recovery progress by has adults. not obviated need for such assistance This the initial effort reflects the College’s community service. continuing policy of WHOSE SHAME? A journalistic investigation of selected American cities disclosed widespread political corruption, ranging from macing teachers and other public employees, burglaries by po »n, ro,i ™ ™bKK“°«.s, S “ —s and conclusions of the author. Public spirit has be^JP7reed.SPThe public enterprise has beco bu9siness man. Vypical American cJ,Z^n’Sis a bad citizen.■. He He The typical business a business man, U he is •1S busy. If he is a Dig buys boodlers, shares government .jth corrupt'0n^ righteous fraud. corruption, and it w neglect politics. < a boon it explained Our < dominance °conimerciai spur’ by the Xfe”””1 honor. ol S' r J ne is busXss«s<»- •oduct to ’ c< The Pe°Pl corrupt'00 1 consentforced to „l ^"corruption ^"nttle. ™ 3(6 ’ political the Po1 themseives 9 intimidat'on’ page' surrender Cotitinued on "<* �ttade.S lh.IT IKEA’S*** rewrite the law to their purpose. You may blame the politician, or, indeed any one class. You may put it on the ignorant foreign immigrant, or any one nationality. du no one class is at fault, nor any one breed, nor any particular interest groups. The corruption that shocks us in public affairs, we practice in our private concerns. There is no essential difference between the pull that gets the individual a personal favor and that which is the basis of corruption in labor unions, banks, or political machines, A bribe is bad. that is, it is a bad thing to take; but it is not so bad to give one, not if it is necessary to a private interest.. ■ The American people don’t mind grafting, but they hate scandals. They don■’t* kick so much on a jiggered public contract for a street, ____ , but they want the street and no fuss and no dust. Whose is the shame that our cities are corrupt? Not really the politician, because being a political merchant, he will supply what the people demand. We are pathetically proud J m.rsdem°crfati" go^mment. The government is ours. But that is the point We are tZ°nwe'ehOtt °Ur 'eaderS' a-ce we follow em. we cheat our government and let leaders loot it; and we let them wheedle our and bribe our s ----sov emignty from us. We break our own laws and rob our own government, The spirit of graft and of lawlessness is the American spirit. The corruption out here and there is not an <___ which breaks common practice practice “because h °ccasional offense, but a common demaS itbeCaUSe the the Pe°P'* tolerate,•or nr even J ----- ,RA The point is that what 90©S OQ ir. cities is going on in ra most cities ? °br °Ur |a villages. The problem of is ar9e mUniciPal q°>, has not been solved. The h 9.0Vernn?'l of it, but they cannot give ,.-t it tireu The problem will be cc solved yeti awakening of the conscience of the * THE ABOVE EXTRACTS are fuj from The of the Cities by Lincoln Steffens Shi "if the shameful facts, would not 190? see our civic shamelessness and burn hr0tH set fire J’9h American pride.” to NO-8 PENNA. MAJORITY THOUGHTS FOR TODAY Caution is the period between "STOP" “GO" when nobody knows what and to do! A teacher is a student who is not so sure! If nudity is immoral, why are so many cupboards bare? Pass the m — on the .side of the man you won’t get mugged . . . but he road and SJ may be a cop! Franklin admonished that “Early to bed and early to rise makes ' _____s a man healthy, wealthy and wise" — but you sure miss a lot! The Lord saith, “Our house has many mansions.” Judging __o...a from 11man-made iai pollution, somebody forgot the bathroom! According to Woman Libers, “You Jane, me Tarzan” were t the first words of the most insidious plot in i history. newsletter Non-Profit Organization Wl|kes-Barre, Pa. 18703 U. S. POSTAGE Return Postage NEWS-LETTER PAID Guaranteed Wilkes-Barre. PaPermit No. 355 Wilkes colie Se Library wiikS aUn and “ J3“Barre, J pa.'18702Sfcreets RULE ’76 rule is one of the cardinal principles Mai°.rityPrican political system. The concept of the Ame governmental decisions based on of reaching u |e^st „one more than haif” was, the wil1 °P not invented by the American ol COrnn’ In fact, many of the early leaders a it with alarm as an open door to mob i And a closer review of its application 1 IhLiiout our history suggests that observance has not been proportionate to its pronouncement. Obviously, in a democracy unanimity is impossible. Most political decisions are choices between alternative views, each of which has supporters among the people — vocal or silent. Thus, only one side can have its way; others must lose. The enigma was, and remains, how should a democratic government, based on the principle that decision-making power must be vested in ALL members of the community, determine WHICH of the disagreeing groups will carry the day. Theoretically, the mathematical formula of majority rule is the logical solution. The principle of majority rule requires that "d government decisions be made against the Llrna!e desires of popular majorities. When 0(.re 18 disa9reement on particular issues, the than th160' shoulcl respond to the larger rather that all6 Smaller number. This does not mean Popular £Ues must or should be subject to Conseaiipnureridum’ That would be impractical. , lives arP • ’ elected or appointed representa‘ Visions 'tnheSted with the power to make ’throve ’ People retaining the power to Process. disapprove through the elective a however f ^though legally equal, citizens have a« ?5al /Licence >nfluet on governmental affairs at i toaran,ee is ree a cand 'date is in office, what : n nce candidate he Wl will cii,ple expectmere '"7 that u,ai ne " do what the I « I? P^tic Da?l him? Then,- too, not all _____ , and when they is apt to be haphazard, itif’ largely unre9ulated. Neverdilute. nave still not produced a better 1 rfSaSSeme^ feCti°"S’ Sh?ty rule Enii'gtitenment -■•t is an extension of the when man became -^J12XjVl975 knowing self-interes?0^^6 and capable of a greater chance for the riah< nnr ’hat there is through a combined decision f°HCy t0 emer9e Since Plato’s time, many political scientists have argued that one wise and benevolent ruler, or group of leaders, is infinitely more qualified to decide policy than is the mass of the people. In fact, current studies leave little doubt that the majority is apathetic most of the time, and is generally uninformedand uninterested in governmental matters. But, historically, most American leaders, though perhaps not refuting Plato, insist that the likelihood of continued errors and injustices is much less under a democratic state governed by majority rule, than a totalitarian state. While the public may be uninformed or misinformed, it usually becomes morally outraged, and hen actively involved, when it perceives ari mjusr ice X"?, the’peop16 all ol T.eW Although our Foundl^ e^a^majo^ity, they dangers of rule by of decision-making feared more the cent ahza successfui y powers against which t y had completely revolted. Yet, because they wer „tyranny of sold on majority rul®’ ’earated in the Constitu­ te majority", they incorporated includ,ng tion certain curbs on maj K ba|ances. the 1L "ration powers, check and Constitution sePar , Rinhts amendment o electorate, t direct participation of iarticipation^ o the e without dire H court* to History to guard t and a ,S“P,eams «“ as ™i»'pleM,y»nn minorities as well w^ fear of the ty Founders fsupports the F , leaders3 a few the majority ■ I the early of another kind I among There were foresaw mockery of the who perceptive men make a -g it evirentually tyranny which could rule, leaving majority ' next page' principle of (Continued on r- ■ �into the “vocal side”. I | i i INSTITUTE OF REGIONAL AFFAIRS NEWSLETTER VOL. XXI NOV. 15, 1975 NO. 8 This News-Letter, published nine times annually as a community service originates in the Institute of Regional Affairs of Wilkes College. Notes and inquiries may be addressed to Professor Walter H. Niehoff. Editor. Institute of Regional Affairs, Wilkes College, WilkesBarre. Pennsylvania 18703. Subscription free upon request. only a myth in the creed of the nation. Among them was James Madison who n the Federalist Paper Number Ten, best stated the fear that at some point representative-govern­ ment by majority rule might come to be dominated by powerful interest groups, or factions, whose power would create, in effect, a “tyranny of the minority". Madison recorded his apprehensions over apprehensions unbridled power of factions when he described them as “citizens who are united by some common impulse of passion or interest, adverse to the rights of other citizens”. Voting power of factions would decide measures "not according to the rule of justice, ... but by the superior force of an interested and over-bearing minority". He thus foresaw the fundamental problem we face today by realizing that by banning such interest groups we should put end to liberty, leaving the problem of how Put an "secure public good and private rights to the dangers of factions, and at the against preserve the spirit and the form same time government". of Popular No political system can provide both majority rule and r.... W1H, minority sense. An effective limit rights in the absolute limit upon majority rule on behalf of minority ve right: real majority rule.rights On means that there is no le majority rule succeeds on the other hand, if all cases, the system imposing its will in protecting minority rights. cannot always be Obviously, ing a majority a mathematical formula c: establishreveal the true as "one more than •._a half” will of society, nor even ALL members cannot .... of our most issues there a c certain concensus, "silent majority”, always On lets that e exists t' have discovered and“ polls evasive notwithst; ‘ ’ landing, no determining its will, satisfactilory we method of resorts to semantics t Black’s the “silent majority" by,0 avoid Law Diction; •ary a “rule by the choice /ofdefining the problem of who actually vote, irres\ majority rule _ 'be majority as majority of those entitled of those -pective of 'hose ultimate answer lies in mnvtr whether a ' ’ The .... ones" 1 Black’s is still a rather majority rule, and is certm^0* def; with our evolving concept thlf n°t means that the interests and trde do acc0? I people no, Jusl thos: 1 wh° vote served^by those making the decX’ , decisi? our officials are“ expected to de | °ns- In h deter interests of the majority of All S'ne the>, merely the voting imembers, the anrtPe°Ple „s| decisions accordingly, may be unpalatable to the votmg majOritdyedsi0„ Mathematical majorities, r ' uie 1 mandp the chosen by them, must, must, therefore ie'lcials .... JnerefQj-g, voluntarily restrain themselves themselves from stT ■ t° from mai^9 over the line of minority minority or or '“onenx silent majorityinterest. Without such restraint,“silent democrat ' - restraint, democracv longer exists. While organized groups V0 “spoken for the majority" during most of history, their failure to deal with the problems the claim |0 of many population segments they represent has spawned innumerable groups collectively called the “New Left". Their rise to positions of influence and power, though alarming to some, is the direct result of chronic neglect by the “majority”. Since these groups draw much of their support from the dissatisfied “silent majority”, the prevailing “majorities" might take heed. evT" th°wh the'“ < Neglected -..a ago learned neglected minorities minorities thave long from ' - the “ conduct of aggressive minority groups who claim to speak for the majority that “the squeaking wheel gets the grease”. They have chosen “disruption” of orderly processes as their chief weapon against a majority which ignores their needs and rights. Unrestrained majorities, are, therefore, as much a threat to democratic society as the disruptive approach o outvoted minorities. Vocal minorities sre ^creasing Ame^' part?mnltnment by a majority of Third class cities and boroughs have no statutory restrictions on the number or official position of delegates. The respective codes indicate only “one or more delegates from elected or appointed officials”, in the case of boroughs, and merely “delegates" for third class cities. In these instances, lack of restraint in limiting the number tends to create the impression that the convention is “paid vacation” for anyone favored by the governing body. Howpvar e ls.an established fact in our nation, our att’ v the ear,y years of our third century, unsolvPH °n must be focused upon the majority" ■ problem integrating the “sil.®n„ and reolam*0 the ranks of the “active majority welfareP^f all Self'interest of the few by h TO CLEAR THE AIR (Continued on next Pa9e' Despite this indispensable role, their general public visability is quite low. Not only do many municipalities fail to support membership, but the average layman demonstrates his awareness of their existence mainly when he has some adverse criticism to vent. Probably the most common objection to participation in a state association by the disgruntled taxpayer is the expenditure of public funds for attendance of members of governing bodies and the other officials at the annual association conventions, Unaware of, or overlooking, the educational and personal exchange value of such meetings, there is frequently an air of implicit or explicit muttering about “junkets” or “free vacation splurges” at public expense. Unfortunately, there are abuses, but if the law controlling attendance and expenses is carefully analyzed, so-called abuses may turn out to be honest misinterpretations of statutes which vary in substance, lack of clear definition of terms, and no mechanism for policing. Discussion of a few of these “problem areas” relative to annual conventions should illustrate the overall situation in re cities, boroughs, and townships in Pennsylvania. The municipal codes authorize selection of delegates to state conventions, explicitly by the governing body in boroughs and townships, and implicitly in third class cities. However, variations in the number of authorized delegates and the lack of specific procedures for selection have, in some known cases, encouraged unfounded criticism, and, in others, opened the door to abuses. those who are ' Statewide associations of rnun'tCjtutiona' indispensable adjuncts to the conSi,nrr,entstatutory process of local gove (pern ,o( Pennsylvania legislature recognizes eS statute and authorizes local exp ,v ef*eC ae their support. They provide the on y exChaM tool for organized communication intain °;ate of experiences at the local level, ma the 5 e(j lines for local input and feedback a pn legislative policy-making, represen voice in promoting policies to meet their I respective needs, andI conduct a variety of educational activities in functional areas the better to equip local officials to meet their growing responsibilities.. . I The township codes impose definite limits on the number of delegates. Second class townships may send “one supervisor, secretary, or manager” whose "expenses shall be paid." First class townships may authorize the "three commissioners" and “not more than three other officers of the township designated by the commissioners”. While this is specific enough, public criticism has been directed against those cases where the limits have been ignored, and attendance has been authorized as a “fringe benefit" to non-officers, or to officers in excess of the limitation. Based upon the principle that no official action may be taken by a governing body except at a valid meeting, and then only by ordinance, resolution, or motion, the informal designation of "paid delegates" without an act recorded in the minutes is a clear violation of the law, and an action which encourages public suspicion and mistrust. In at least one instance, it has been claimed that inclusion of an item for convention expenses in the annual budget is in itself sufficient authority to designate the number of delegates and pay “expenses" without further formal action recorded in the minutes. It should be remembered that a budget is merely a statement of estimated receipts and expenditures, or a plan whereby expenditures are controlled. It is not final authority to expiend. And neither is the appropriation ordinance accompanying the budget more than a general authority to expend public funds. Funds budgeted and appropriated by ordinance do not create a vested right in any fund and are subject to revocation before actual payment. The general rule in undepartmentalized boroughs and townships is that specific expenditures are valid only if prior authority is given by action of the governing body or ratified by the same after the expenditure has been made. Consequently, in all cases governing bodies should provide for convention expenses in the annual budget, and, by recorded motion prior to the convention, designate the authorized appointed or elected officers who are to be delegates, as well as specify the amount of “expense allowance” for each, Treasurers and controllers would be remiss to authorize payments unless expenditures were properly ordered or ratified. Possibly most criticism of conventions stems from the amount of expense money allowed each delegate for the four days to which each code limits him. The Third Class City Code allows “necessary expenses” without boroughs, setting any limit. In b ------ ’4~1— each delegate nan c'qo ! i rmrl ” ["|Q| shall be allowed for u“nv expenses incurred" more than $50.00 per day, plus 12C per mile travel expense to and from the meeting. First Class Townships have a like provision, while the second class code merely specifies that “expenses shall be paid.” Whether or not maximum allowances are specified in the codes, there are at least three other gray areas which provoke uncertainty among governing bodies and provide sources of complaint to the “taxpayer." All three involve the question as to what may be legitimately included in the amount of the delegates' allowance, other than travel expenses. Legitimate items of expense (Continued on next page) are not �specifically defined ^^^^“merely include ^Xenses"nwithout defimngmJhemor ™ecessary Class City Code 3,10 p define. Both the expenses", also 9 Township Code, which, Borough and First Class io on the surface, limit al owances d„ day. specify allowances ° ^pens^s^^ law", but does not identify the latter. Case law casts little light on ‘his question. A 1950 decision involving the Borough of West Hazleton seemingly settled at least one issue by ruling that "loss of wages incurred by a borough councilman in attending the convention is an ‘‘actual expense” and payments made for that purpose are proper. Under the $50.00 limitation, today's high cost of accommodations and meals, inclusive of "loss of wages in the maximum allowance is largely academic. A 1952 decision involving Edwardsville Borough struck at a common practice of making up the difference between "actual expenses" and the amount paid by the Borough by including “questionable items". It ruled that items for “taxis, shows, etc." are not proper expenditures and subjected councilmen to surcharge for such payments. A final source of complaint is that concerned citizens have no way of checking the validity of convention allotments if governing bodies ignore the spirit and the letter of the statutes. Suspicions could be reduced or eliminated if the statutes mandated detailed itemization of delegate "actual expenses incurred" for such requirement would make the accounting an open public record Without further verification, a single line item in the budget allotting a total amount for conventions invites at least doubt. Statutes do itemization. But court decisions, common sense, do. In the 1944 the Borough of Monaca, the court c our contention that “convention expens; •3es be appropriate^” and, at the same t;,,, time, is the “duty of delegates to submit expense accounts.” The courts seem havf recognized the confusion of governing caused by the absence of clear s requirements for itemization, by rulinq West Hazleton and Edwardsville cases, pr, lUsly cited, that councilmen will not be surcha"' J'y for failure to itemize "expenses” at the tim d time payment, if such itemization and accountinn •’ madp 9 ls made, althouoh although belatedlv. belatedly, at at the the ha=rin„ hearing on an appeal from the audit report. This article should not be construed as definite legal opinion on the subject, it merelv recognizes that the effectiveness of sta(g associations of municipalities and their officers is effected by public criticisms which could be largely avoided by the enactment of uniform municipal code provisions clearly defining the existing vague terms which confuse sincere public officials and provide grounds for public criticism.. THOUGHTS FOR TODAY Not all fairy tales begin with “Once upon a time." Some start with “When I am elected.. . It has been who pay their medal, but the have left to pin proposed taxes in question the medal that property owners advance be given a is: What would they on? A television set is a box into which we crawl when we want to hide from ourselves. said the "Be temperate in all things”, Greeks, and archeologists are tstill digging up their cities. IRA NEWSLETTER Institute of Regional Affairs Wilkes College Wilkes-Barre, Pa. 18703 Non-Profit Organization U. S. POSTAGE PAID Wilkes-Barre. Permit No. Return Postage Guaranteed wilkes College Library 8'and. South Streets wnices-Barrej Pa. 18702 �•aken W LIB” * RY APR 141976 ’ ) X^X. BINDERS ^.7 �— ■ ■ ; '■ ■; : ■ - \ - - -=?' - WjfOlB | i I il ■.I -kS I■ ' -I I I � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Luzerne County Newsletters and Institute for Regional Affair Newsletters, 1952-1975 Subject The topic of the resource Political Science; Luzerne County; Institute for Regional Affairs; Wyoming Valley Description An account of the resource A collection of newsletters created by the Political Science Department at Wilkes College from 1952-1975 for Luzerne County and later the Institute for Regional Affairs. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Political Science Department (Hugo Mailey) Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1952-1975 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource PDF Type The nature or genre of the resource Newsletters Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Institute for Regional Affairs, 1974-1975 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Institute for Regional Affairs Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1974-1975 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource PDF Type The nature or genre of the resource Newsletter https://omeka.wilkes.edu/omeka/files/original/3d1365de50f1147a1e968be522fca565.pdf c112317d1a2c3c33cc13371dd715a9a0 PDF Text Text ■ - ' :;; / J •■•’ ' ' h ■ ■ ■. ■.■/-;■ . . ■ ■ w'“1..... •$ z\. 7 • 77® '■ • ■'■'■'■7'7. 7- ■ ,:'i ' ■ . ■' 7;? ■...<■' ■ '®- . 7 : ■..7' "7..-,- ■ • -• . fjGilv 1 • 7‘V. ■'■ « ’ • i J< -’ .•• •>_:! ........ I IWe . ■ 77'777/ G V'. ;■<(-■:■ -•■•'■';tl :'^'r’ ;'.7 7,'- ‘I,” : . h 5 7^7.7.. /?■" " ■7 777.77.7/. -// iLiiTl ’■■■■: •;■ '-h" ': 'iy ■ hi7i - ;7 7 ...., ®’h' '■'.■< -• ;',i:;77G” 777 . a ■■ '7 7 ■■• ; 7 -• - 77 7 7 S •7'77 70 jY. ;' ■•' * *• ■'g-i®/..:; . ■ h;^-'777ii!7h7:7h;:- -'■,,•■■ ■•. ' gill ... , .|M wii»s< SSiiiiiii Si 7 ' iirV’SSSS ■ . -i'-h: ■ |ji W ■ .7 M' ' - 77'i: ■-Ji' .. 9■■fh-h-■ 77^71 <7: :.7--7 i 7 h- ’’ XA' �TREASURE ROOM J'S 45/ W<1 1971- I97£ WILKES COLLE1 VOL u BOROUGH CHANGING nFUbcnofficers OFUbt-w ’ SALARIES rP sessions in in a a substantial num During budget wo°k December, considerat of Pennsylvania elective and appointive Io Xialsen Since the salaries of incumbent borot J and councilmen had all been prev.ously f1 > "/'ordinance, the core of the d.scuss.ons was perennial question whether the salary of a public offn may be reduced or increased during the term for whi he was elected or appointed. All too frequently, it is believed that the salary o borough mayor or councilman can neither be increas or diminished during the term for which he was elects In other words, the salary fixed by ordinance prior to official’s assuming office is thought to be unchangeat until after the next election S a provision in law shall increasea c. or ~diminish the salary of a pub| officer after his election applied to all local -•1 f” or appointment. This rule w government officials until |9| when, in a case involving Homestead case i Pennsylvania Superior court held that Borough, tl Superior ordinance fixing •• (I) a boroui fixing a a salary is not al of the Constitution, and (2.) municipal 1 law within themeanir —Jon, and councilmen, etc.) are not public officers are not icers (Maye Constitution. etc.) Consequently, for some forthis decision, Consequently, salaries of local official1 ln terms of tl of |oca| years followir appointed, couldsaiaries be changed by ordinance, s- elected ar changed by at any time. However, in 1927 the Pennsylvania UP or dowi cogmzed the problems ensuing from legislatm a speclli P°Wer t0 re^’ate municipal thi s deci si 01 or town hStatU7 Pr°VidinS Lbat ”no .affairs, it e sa'ary C'P Sha" hereafter increase enacte Clty. borough officer’ aSehnSat’°1n’ °r emo'^ents _&a, towi or diminish th meant that no 2 e'ect10"”For V of any electe any *ay durinCo u- °fficer’s salary . ’s r thistwenty years, thi 7uncilmen as<.S thlS tercer m,and ’ cou'd be . m,and 2'S’ature’thu !SS°urS' tertax collec' 1 change thus deluded tax __d mayor; -ue shed a ctors, etc. Th etc. but Officers .1 rule, which di which did Ptovid the constitution; the same sal ar same ^^SbS:daSp—' law s 10 the ^Sled"^ in1 ,effect . form6r as to ;a" muni' ci.Un*l, b court ''P3litie. Ptin ci Pa ' �I EUGENE S.'lEDDEfl FARLEY LIBRARY I kWletter VOL. XVIII, NO. I WILKES COLLEGE WILKES-BARRE, PENNA. JANUARY 15, 1971 BOROUGH CHANGING OFFICERS' SALARIES During budget work sessions in a substantial number of Pennsylvania Boroughs last December, consideration was given to salaries of elective and appointive local officials. Since the salaries of incumbent borough mayors and councilmen had all been previously fixed by ordinance, the core of the discussions was the perennial question whether the salary of a public officer may be reduced or increased during the term for which he was elected or appointed. All too frequently it is believed that the salary of a borough mayor or councilman can neither be increased or diminished during the term for which he was elected. In other words, the salary fixed by ordinance prior to an official’s assuming office is thought to be unchangeable until after the next election. This misconception is based on a provision in the Constitution of Pennsylvania which declares that no law shall increase or diminish the salary of a public officer after his election or appointment. This rule was applied to all local government officials until 1911, when, in a case involving Homestead Borough, the Pennsylvania Superior court held that (I) a borough ordinance fixing a salary is not a law within the meaning of the Constitution, and (2) municipal officers (Mayor, councilmen, etc.) are not public officers in terms of the Constitution. Consequently, for some years following this decision, salaries of local officials, elected and appointed, could be changed by ordinance, up or down, at any time. However, in 1927 the Pennsylvania legislature recognized the problems ensuing from this decision. Under its power to regulate municipal affairs, it enacted a special statute providing that "no city, borough, town, or township shall hereafter increase or diminish the salary, compensation, or emoluments of any elected officer after his election”. For twenty years, this meant that no elective officer’s salary could be changed in any way during this term, and this included mayors, councilmen, assessors, tax collectors, etc. The legislature thus established a special rule, which did not bring these local officers within the constitutional Provision, but which did provide the same salary Protection. This Protective Law continued in effect until, by J47, the provisi on was repealed as to all municipalities, thus returning to the former court principal which . permitted changes in local officers’ salaries at any time by changing the ordinance which fixed that salary. The legislature may make exceptions as it has done in the case of salaries or commissions for tax collectors. The current rule, prescribed in the Borough Code, provides that council has the duty of fixing the salary of the mayor, as well as other municipal officers, unless excepted by special statute, and that if the mayor is to be paid any salary at all it must be fixed by ordinance. Furthermore, that council may change the mayor’s salary, up or down, is subject only to the time limitation that his compensation "shall not be increased or decreased oftener than once in two years". Concerning councilmen, the salary provisions are clearly spelled out in the Code. Councilmen may receive compensation according to maximum levels based upon population, and these salaries must be enacted through the ordinance procedure, subjecting the ordinance change to the mayor's veto. Further, such ordinance may be enacted at any time and from time to time. In I960, in the case of In Re Baden Auditor’s Report, the court ruled that the law providing for councilmen’s compensation by ordinance must have intended that councilmen may increase their own salaries "as long as they kept within bounds set by the legislature". One additional limitation placed upon council salaries is that they may not exceed that of the mayor. The rule, then, may be summarized as fol lows. 1. Council may fix a salary of the mayor by ordinance, may change said salary at any time, but not oftener than once in two years, and subject to ordinance veto by the mayor. 2. Council may fix its compensation and change it at any time by ordinance, providing the compensation is within statutory limits and does not exceed the mayor’s, and also subject to veto by the mayor. WHN 197 0-71 PERSONNEL SURVEY Tabulation of personnel salary data for the Second Annual Pennsylvania School Boards Association survey reveals that 32% of Pennsylvania's school districts have a minimum salary schedule of $6,300 or less based on the bachelors degree status. However, only 5% of :he districts are presently on the State schedule, which means that 95% are paying salaries in excess of the State mandates. This reflects a drastic change over a one year period. During 1969-70, approximately 78% of �0F REGIONAL AFFAIRS INSTITUTE Dr. Hugo V. Hailey. Director NEWSLETTER NO. I JANUARY 15, 1971 VOL. XVIII This News-letter, published monthly as a mmunity service, originates in the Institute of Regional Affairs of Wilkes College. Notes and inquiries may be addressed to Dr. Hugo V. Hailey, Director, Institute of Regional Affairs, Wilkes College, Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania 18703 Subscription free upon request. the districts were paying salaries in excess of the State schedule. The study also revealed that 62% of the districts had a maximum salary of 510,500 or less. 17% of the districts reported maximum salaries of $1 1,000 or more, as compared to 1969-70 when only 5% reported these same maximums. Again, salaries reported indicated basic salary schedules and not total earnings for the employees. W-2 form totals of gross earnings, rather than salary schedules, are the true indicators of an employee's total earnings. 67% of the districts indicated 180 days of school for pupils. However, 80% of the districts had 183 or more teacher days. This compares to 81 % reported having 183 days or more for teachers during 1969-70. The expectations that as salaries increased the average number of days required for teachers would also increase undoubtedly has not been recorded during 1970-71. This may tend to indicate that the much needed improve­ ments in curriculum were not accomplished at the local level unless additional sums of money were paid to accomplish this task. School districts appear to be investigating salary plans other than across-the-board" raises which have been predominate in the past; as a matter of fact, 15% o, the state s school districts have indicated some form of merit pay during 1970-71. PSBA Survey October, 1970 AUTHORITY ADOPTS PERSONNEL POLICY MANUEL c“«' Manual Affairs admini strati to all. It aids the -J clearly ’ personnel re,tSand priv-'eges equally Ttle position classification s;-section describes the qualifications, E1 - specific duties and ’ c' ,°f each administratlve. operational, '■ and clerical position Joint Authority employed by the and clearly fixes [heAlNlNG TR application ^^V’t its sponsibility. On this basis, the Authority Merit Pay Plan, consisting of eight wage E of the sixteen position grades. The P|an~ the principal of equal pay for equal work, the unfair practice of automatic annual employees by granting increases stated in the basis of satisfactory performance. a :: - - el,mi"ates raises the M for a|| ~ a' p TheS’; executives agree Most top to non-policy po be confined “Specialists are most he PROGRAM Regional Affairs was of af Federal grant to offer for institute for a informed t service an<j continuing education project ,plication a jnjng program For Parents of Retardates and -o and cor volunteers program under Title For I of the Higher Education Y‘>uthf (965 (public Law 89-329) has been approved. under ■ Act ° -^am will be held in conjunction with Marywood Board is now in a better position to Proiect its r ™ wage obligations and the employees are aware off' wage potential. S's program -- The section devoted to Rules, Regulations and Policies clearly states the responsibilities, be^ it and privileges of Authority personnel oersonne! by establish „ specific policies on such matters as overtime payS promotions, discipline, insurance coverage, grieva^ procedures, holidays and vacations, leaves, and Ion; ------ tgevity pay increases. ■ Its content is.dc.._ with the retardate problem teChmost directly concerned with me -----------ar who feel the need for basic training. It will also be • an“ W , w the youth volunteers who also feel the need i volunteers who also f^the same training, and who may also desire the field , and who may Jpara-professionals or professionals. s or prof—----The specific area chosen for the Lackawanna part of Each employee has been given a copy of the Manual which will be revised and updated as operations or policies require. The University Area Joint Authority is governed by a Joint Board of six members representing the PattonFerguson Joint Authority and the College-Harris Joint Authority, all of which are adjacent to State College. David A. Allison is Chairman and Executive Director. SUSQUEHANNA RIVER COMPACT Within the past few weeks, the President of the United States signed legislation permitting the United States to join with Pennsylvania, New York, and Maryland in the Susquehanna River Basin Compact, under which a commission will be created to plan for and regulate use of the basin's water resources. This Commission will be similar to the Delaware River Basin Commission. Although the greater part of the Susquehanna River flows in Pennsylvania, the federal government and the other states are equal partners in the compact with the same rights and privileges. This is because the Constitution forbids individual states to conclude treaties with other states or to enter into any alliance or confederation. But there are numerous areas in which the states must sometimes work together, Thus, they are authorized to participate in compacts, Congressional approval is required. Over the years, many states have made compacts with their neighbors to meet various common prob en1^ Most compacts deal with the common use of natur$ resources. The compact system offers many advantag^^ Ass but remains unwieldy and cumbersome. Susquehanna River Basin Compact demonstrate^ such takes many years of negotiations to set up su program. are 3 As the Commission gets underway, there t ever What number of questions that come to mind, Advisor/ happened to the Susquehanna River Basin Awhile' Committee? It was an active organization for a , eyef' but then just faded out of sight, Now, more than '’J The it mu5tb this organization should be revived, study of the Basin has been completed - now 'mplemented. PRT question and challenge line < says. merit into thinking strategical their into thinking. However, non thi nkingbest talent in line positions. A talent in I they have a good balance of t have a their judgment should have a their judgment deci sion-making.’ ’ Execu '’a practical methods and . directed C°neP^am Wi" emphaSiZe to the parents who for the the program is a repeat of a program currently being is the result conducted in Luzerne County. The program of the combined thinking of the professional directors of SHORT ci The following courses co-: Regional Affairs and the I of the Departmei Pennsylvania offered in the Spring semester COURSE the Mental Retardation Associations of the two counties, the Director of the Institute of Regional Affairs at Wilkes Advanced Communications College, and the Director of Continuing Education and a Auxiliary Police Radiological Refresher member of the faculty of the School of Social Work at Radiological Monitoring Marywood College. Ine arcoo ........ for the Luzerne part of the program The areas chosen are in part identical to the first year program. Changes are in part L,_____ ; have been made to accomodate the youth volunteers. Medi cal Self Help To realize the goal of keeping the retardate in the community and trying to train him to be a contributing citizen, a greater burden is placed on the volunteer Shelter Management Light Duty Rescue Criminal Investigation Fire Ground Attack Secretary’s Course (especially Human Relations in Manag nurses), public school teachers, and, most important, on the parents of the retardates and the young volunteers who work with them. This is the purpose for which the program has been designed. interested within the next fe' social agencies, on medical personnel Informational notices v PRT GET It’s official. the SP E Cl AL 1ST-G EN ER AL 1ST CONFLICT For many years there has been a conflict between generalists and specialists in industry, but never before has conflict been innovation has created a so ----critical. Demand for while the ;’„e corporate structureproliferation has become of specialists. by L the ,e require) requirements of specialized ' management has welcomed the s;_ e more fragmented rgement has -expertise. 1Certainly, arms - for innovation is where the for innovation is \ specialists >with open °ccurs usually because the specialist is usually becauseenvironment, the profit lies. 'Nhh his immediate his , • Conflict .. . .s more > Ethnical Immediate environme1" distant concerned ....ar goals, with the To c. impersonal aims ofthan the company. programs, hi s and, to him, generalist, or the linec manager, .o somei extent he has Expertise allows him to J line Electively, by withhold! at his t0 defend hi mercy for his "T techniques, by controlli s own nS lnformation, t bailiwick quite by smokescreen­ Whole. ov maY not b>e nS his department in ways value ■ to the company as a Sesame Stre program for pre-schoolers, i; been touting it to be. And t So concluded the Ed Princeton. New Jersey, af program. Citing the ‘exce Sesame Street, ETS resear made its greatest impact t who regularly watch the se increased by as much as 6 as much programs can reduce the c usually separates advai children even by the time study reported. Of even greater greater signify study showed J t' that three ye; more than four tand five ye suggesting that pr —t Preschool skills traditionally' introdi which means that school I set to cha _'..ange their those prima million knocki seven ng. ’ Se �AFFAIRS sctor I NO. I nonthly as e Institute ij>" a of Notes and Dr. Hugo V. onal Affairs^ XI vanI a 18703 est. :cess of the State 1 of the districts sss17 % of the S I I ,000 or more, % reported these indicated sported earnings for the earnings, rather indicators of an of school days ricts had to 183 or 81 % reported during 1969-70. ssed the average ild also increase during sponsibi I i ty. c Merit IPaX Plan,°n this basi ’ consi sti ng of f 7 of the sixteen Pos i ti on the grades. Pr'ncipa| of equal pay fo|_ the unfair equal Practice °f automati - work. It f' employees by C ; annual the basis of wanting increi raiSes ■ases _stated «•in Board is r~;. sati sfactory Perform; lhLe Ma, now a better ■ •lance. 1 he ; wage obligati =--ions and the Position to project wage potential. emp| oyees its f are avvare offuture The section i their Policies clearly devoted to Rules, p Regu'ations, states the and privileges of ’■esponsibii^ and Authority specific policies personnel by est=krneW c n esta bHshi, on such matters t=k ' promotions, discipli..^, •S as 0 Over time P ine, insurance c , Pay, procedures, holidays and coverage, ,grievar once pay increases. —, - mid vacations, leaves, -■ and |On, 'gevity Each c ' employee has been given a < which will be revised C°PX the Manual '.'.I be revised and updated policies require. as operations Or 1970-71. needed improve- The University Area Joint Authority is uy a Joint Board of six members representing governed the Pattonby Ferguson Joint Authority and the C-"*j College'-Harris“jZt a..-i— ■■ of‘ which are adjacent to State Authority, all David A. Allison is Chairman and Executive College. Director. SUSQUEHANNA RIVER COMPACT Within the past. few T weeks, the President of the United States signed “ ' legislation ' ------- 1 permitting the United States to join twith ' ' ~ ; Pennsylvania, New York, and Maryland in the Susquehannaa f. River Basin Compact, under which a commission will .. be created .„d to plan for and regulate use of the basin’ s water resources. This Commission will be similar to the Delaware River Basin Commission. hed at the local :y paid were to stigating salary ses which have ter of fact, I5% cated some form 3SBA Survey October, 1970 ■s ANUEL Center County, n by adopting a ployees. The of e rd. Regional It aids the Board clearly on personnel stablishing reially applicable describes the ich administra-nployed by the upervisory re" Although the greater part of the Susquehanna River flows in Pennsylvania, the federal government and the other states are equal partners in the compact with the This is because the same rights and privileges. states to conclude forbids individual Constitution treaties with other states or to enter into any alliance areas in But there are numerous or confederation, sometimes work together. Thus, which the states must Con----- , 2 authorized to participate in compacts. they are gressional approval is required. Over the years, many states have have made compacts probl ems. with their neighbors to meet various common of natural Most compacts deal with the common use advantages. resources. The compact system offers many As the but remains unwieldy and cumbersome. unwieldy t demonstrates, it Susquehanna River River Basin Compactto set up such a takes manv many years years of negotiations there are a underway, Commission gets What ever As the tof questions that come to mind. AdvisoT Basin number to the Susquehanna River while' for a ' organization happened ' I It was an active active org; thani ever. faded out of sight. Now, more Commi ttee? year of sight, The six but then just should be revived. it must be be now >ani zation been completed — this orga...'. ' ■ Basin has study of the PRT implemented. program. TRAINING PROGRAM Recently, the Institute of Regional Affairs was ■ formed that its application for a Federal grant to offer 1,1 community service and continuing education project 3 titled Training Program For Parents of Retardates and vl,th Volunteers under Title I of the Higher Education T t of 1965 (Public Law 89-329) has been approved. This program will be held in conjunction with Marywood CollegeThe program will emphasize practical methods and techniques, Its content is directed to the parents who most directly concerned with the retardate problem are who feel the need for basic training. It will also be and directed to the youth volunteers who also feel the need for the same? training, and who may also desire the field or professionals. as para-professionals f The specific area chosen for the Lackawanna part of the program is a repeat of a program currently being conducted in Luzerne County. The program is the result of the combined thinking of the professional directors of the Mental Retardation Associations of the two counties, the Director of the Institute of Regional Affairs at Wilkes College, and the Director of Continuing Education and a member of the faculty of the School of Social Work at Mary wood College. The areas chosen for the Luzerne part of the program are in part identical to the first year program. Changes have been made to accomodate the youth volunteers. To realize the goal of keeping the retardate in the community and trying to train him to be a contributing citizen, a greater burden is placed on the volunteer social agencies, on medical personnel (especially nurses), public school teachers, and, most important, on the parents of the retardates and the young volunteers who work with them. This is the purpose for which the be Most top executives agree that specialists should confined to non-policy positions. As one expert says, “Specialists are most helpful as individuals who question and challenge line decisions, push manage­ ment into thinking strategically and being creative in their thinking. However, normally a company has its best talent in line positions. And they are there because they have a good balance of talents. For that reason, their judgment should have a greater influence in final decision-making.” Executives' Digest SHORT COURSES The following courses co-sponsored by the Institute of Regional Affairs and the Public Service Institute of the Pennsylvania Department of Education will be offered in the Spring semester, 1971: COURSE STARTING DATE Advanced Communications February Radiological Refresher Auxiliary Police January 10 February 17 9 Radiological Monitoring February 18 Medical Self Help Shelter Management March I Light Duty Rescue March 17 Criminal Investigation February Fire Ground Attack February I I Secretary’s Course February 10 Human Relations in Management February February 19 Informational notices will be mailed interested within the next few weeks. to 8 9 those program has been designed. PRT THE SPECIALIST-GENERALIST CONFLICT For many years there has been a conflict between generalists and specialists in industry, but never before has conflict been so critical. Demand for innovation has created a proliferation of specialists, whiIe the corporate structure has become more fragmented by the requirements of specialized expertise. Certainly, management has welcomed the specialists with open arms — for innovation is where the profit lies. Conflict °ccurs usually because the specialist is more concerned w'th his immediate environment, his programs, his technical goals, than with the distant and, to him, impersonal aims of the company. To some extent he has ^e generalist, or line manager, at his mercy for his exPertise allows him to defend his own bailiwick quite effectively, by withholding information, by smokescreen'"g techniques, by controlling his department in ways th,at may or may not be of value to the company as a •"hole. GET SET It's official. Sesame Street, the innovative television program for pre-schoolers, is all that school people have been touting it to be. And then some. So concluded the Educational Testing Service, Princeton. New Jersey, after a two-year study of the program. Citing the ‘excellent educational impact” of Sesame Street, ETS researchers said the program has made its greatest impact on disadvantaged youngsters who regularly watch the series. Their cognitive skills increased by as much as 62 percent. “Such television programs can reduce the distinct educational gap that usually separates advantaged and disadvantaged children even by the time they enter first grade," the study reported. Of even greater significance to school boards: The study showed that three year old regular viewers learned more than four and five year old less frequent viewers, suggesting that preschoolers are able to learn many All of skills traditionally introduced at later ages, ,.._cr.s that school boards probably had best get which means their primary school curriculums before set to change c... those seven million Sesame Street viewers come knocking. 7S“135930 �UGtft SVltVV ary FEb a- 3 197 ’ ,#e¥ER m .: R' ■ ’■ ' : stare. a-:, - .............. NEWS-LEI governmental associations or institutions with purposes, cannot identify nor solve all tf,e" si|uilar problems in all the local jurisdictions of their r PreSs'0j areas of activity. As in the case of the federal eSpect‘ve governments, more concern and action by the |and sSta, tat“e officials themselves is essential if those local °Cal' unit 1 to survive as responsive service agencies. Un'ts‘ are commission5 < *’ ■ :e federal. ' needs, e'-ged and .................e-s or educaFederal aa a ... es — tion. we -a e. exe .es a a a Sa ■ - a - a-a procedures of legislateae - • st a: a - a a ver«e °f adoption. State east:, ex.s.a s "t-‘1 commonplace ■ eae t'ea. s. eg siatixe ana administra­ ece -eos. eg * tive reorga.' aa: a • - t'e states 'as -ace sc' o progress, St-S-S nation S and there is cS e-s - -t'f a re-ex»' of the principal­ agent relations?: a zet-'te' states a - t'e ■ local units. At the municipal eve . a cess ana. s~ n administration is receiving better acceptance. Fragmentation into small uneconomic units is at last being timidly recognized by local officials as their chief obstacle to progress, and regionalism, or intermunicipal cooperation in services is becoming the "in thing". There has been progress, but not nearly enough. In terms of evaluating and improving legislative and administrative machinery, the federal and state govern­ ments have in recent decades shown considerable activity. The federal Hoover Commission’s inventory of problem areas and recommendations is still the basis of potential improvements at that level. Many states have completed similar self-evaluations through so-called “Little Hoover Commissions." Pennsylvania’s Little Hoover Commission issued its final report in January of 1970 which is replete with excellent proposals affecting both state and local government. The primary mission of the Institute of Regional Affairs is to use all its resources to secure improvements in local government. I.R.A., and all the other non- WILKES-BARRE, PENNA. We suggest that any local unit, large or establish commissions similar to the "Big" u1”11Commission, and the "Little" Hoover Commission °f°Ver WILKES COLL^2B states. Composed of competent citizens appointed b 6 mayor or council, or supervisors, their primary fu? the should be to make a thorough inventory of the C?-°n of local services and their operation, and to make ty recommendations for an overall program of attack31" for an overall program of weak areas. In If "Maxi” Hoover Commissions and "Mini" Hoov Commissions .... ....... can contribute so much to better govern ment on the larger levels, there is every reason to believe that "Micro-Mini” Hoover Commissions at the local levels can do the same. THE LIBRARY MUNICIPAL FINANCE MAGAZINE - Municipal Finance Officers Association - A Magazine on debt and financial management. MUNICIPAL POLICE TRAINING COUNCIL BULLETINOffice for Local Govermnent - A bulletin giving in­ formation on training courses and police procedures. NEBRASKA MUNICIPAL REVIEW - League of Nebraska Municipalities — Published monthly on municipal developments in that state. THOUGHTS FOR TODAY Some women are so dumb they wonder how electric light poles grow in a straight line. When a man has been jilted by a street AWARD N ONII - L ibmission of •n arrivedj for su the Institute has ag ain . bme v7“e Awards made by ’ dinner for 'local *' , Awards r. Service n°-"inat!00nal Affairs; at "U , programs its -nan a...at itS i the training °f Re? and participants .rticipants m The Annual (Graduation should °fficia.|sbya Wilkes College. ... _" Nominations held in May latter than the Institute not left ■ubmitted to t— therefore be si.-. WHN IN 21 SERVICE time TIME for (’nations cleaner's AP Th'' Awards are granted by the Institute in recogn have contributed their T„f those local officials who :rnmental capacity, to their community in a govej tion Persons who have services ovc, extended period of years, not "eligible for no min aover an minimal service are nn performed have previously received tion, nor are any persons who Institute of Regional Affairs Wilkes College Wilkes-Barre, Pa. 18703 rose eligible for nomination are; school Included in those and secretaries, councilmen, mayors, board members a.L or commissioners, municipal township supervisors engineers, planning and zoning secretaries, solicitors, <-..t---------- , r board members, policemen, firemen, and other public employees. Anyone wishing to to regif The chief response national government. using its and its expertise expertise a..d the national governor.t. PAID fine local action toward regionalisr place a name in nomination should not hesitate to do so because of any doubt as to the eligibility of the individual. In case of doubt, Please contact the Wilkes College. The original initiative to came from the Office of the Pr Congress likewise seems sense sound of solving pre Institute of Regional Affairs at Housing The CHALLENGE iurisdicti- Local government boundaries no longer encompass coherent socio-economic areas; hence, boundaries do "nd C?lncide w’th the demands for public services. ofteed’ large of local units themselves large number r ef?n impedes, or at least delays, achieving timely and -x or at least delays, „ ----- -z slices wt wT l !S t0 new and services P°“nS to capital new andinvestments increasing demands for ’’Vhere »ner< high for aa se high capital investments are required service not coi/r'j6 ^unc 'lon or where the service —ion or where the service area does coincide ahnd ar»~' e w.''b the 'be political political boundaries, boundari economic area rconside---must prevail over parochial eSin°r'n-v? 'e- sts - ierations s must prevail if'th'r 8 g°verni -,ie service is ;<■ to — be realized. Most Cental units in this country appear too of I the need for coordinating hou other with OF THE 10’S” All residents of a metropolitan area have a c0™™.°5' 'ntefest in th. y ot entire le social and economic health and vi area. The difficulty is not that the metro­ Pditan areas do not have the resources, but rather that Pm,Le..SOurces and needs and needs are mismatched with the local governmental jurisdictions. Act legislation deal ing wi th urban regional Non-Profit Organization U. S. POSTAGE It h< regional approach. daughter, he should sewer. Wilkes-Barre, PaPermit No. 355 Return Postage Guaranteed small to achieve economics of I i k< and raise quality. It seems this be able to do jointly in units cannot cannot do do singly. Thus the decade of the 196C :he decade movement termed termed regionalism, re vehicles to to resolve resolve area-wi< boundary lines I ines have been temporary expedients expedients which th accepted and by its and assisted assist some of these endeavors have sumc of these faced with ful, the l970’s are build stronger and n need to L_ ;' institutions. this Award. "REGIONALISM - THE IRA NEWSLETTER o local agencies. communiti In 1954 recognized the involvement o solution of urban problems b states, counties, cities, met regions and establishment of units, and made grants avail metropolitan and regional age Congress moved a ll. step fu Cities and Metropolitan —i Dex specifically referring . to are to perform metropolitan or re did the act refer to “a uni “but the regional emphasis action-type regional agencies The handwriting is on th many Federal agencies are c Any doubt as to the trend o> insist on regional projects d,spelled by the growi'ngX, whose project applications^ hud d <■ «ermined to T' HUD localities be joined i„t0 0“„e joined into �M’SSlOftjs governmental C -!re finding it Slb''ities oA; . rue throughout "y Co new con'nge ln °Ur time government to ence in political uPdate federal, ’ modern needs, challenged and olems of educa- and procedures n the verge of have ns been and administra^some progress, f the principal­ air I oca I units. administration ocj Purposes, Problems’ all oftheire Posed of mayor or council o COmPetent citizensamniission> counci I, sh°u'd be to makeoraStUhPervis°ts, : make a of local service" i’;; Vfeheir services and their : Ory of the Uncti°n recommendations operation, for an overall - ’ and to mapty weak areas. "’’:i Pr°gram’ of ar, apt a't5ck in „ Maxi ’ Hoover Commissions cTcTnuiCJ^0^ and “Mini'* ment on contr i bute S° mucb better H°0Vef the larger |eve|s s °jnuch to bette, “Micro-MinrrHotJere 'S every reaV?'’' loc^revelT HonvT can do the same. ^y Commissions ' recognized by legislative and " to at the WHN IN the library MUNICIPAL FINANCE MAGAZINE -Municipal Finance Officers Associati ------------ion - A Magazine on debt and financial management. Dt and municipal police training cc COUNCIL BULLETIN- i considerable ’s inventory of Office for Local Govermnent — - A bulletin giving information on training courses and police procedures. i 11 the bas is of NEBRASKA MUNICIPAL REVIEW - League of Nebraska - ny states have Municipalities 3ugh developments in that state. so-called ivania’s ;e monthly on municipal THOUGHTS FOR TODAY Some women are so dumb they wonder how electric light poles grow in a straight line. of Regional e improvements the Published Little t in January of osals affecting other non- NEWS-LETTER r states. Composed"Little; ’ progress, and i in services is f state govern- Si 16 fed6ra,resPec °n b> th! I e locai ak n 2nd ; ition into small n progress, but EUGENE SHEDDEN Wf U8PAM f EB 2 3 BH areas of governm (ents, more officials : themselve: to survive as responSi We r-.Suggest that establish 3 c°™*isSi0ns Commission, When a man has been jilted by a street cleaner's wlTxvTii. NO. 2 WILKES COLLEGE TIME FOR SERVICE AWARD NOMINATIONS The time has again arrived for submission of nominations for Service Awards made by the Institute of Regional Affairs at its annual dinner for local officials and participants in the training programs offered by Wilkes College. The Annual Graduation Dinner will again be held in May. Nominations should therefore be submitted to the Institute not latter than April I. The Awards are granted by the Institute in recogni­ tion of those local officials who have contributed their services to their community in a governmental capacity, over an extended period of years. Persons who have performed minimal service are not eligible for nomina­ tion, nor are any persons who have previously received this Award. Included in those eligible for nomination are; school board members and secretaries, councilmen, mayors, township supervisors or commissioners, municipal secretaries, solicitors, engineers, planning and zoning board members, policemen, firemen, and other public employees. Anyone wishing to place a name in nomination should not hesitate to do so because of any doubt as to the eligibility of the individual. In case of doubt, please contact the Institute of Regional Affairs at Wilkes College. daughter, he should sewer. "REGIONALISM - THE OF Non-Profit Organization U. s. POSTAGE PAID ., PaWilkes-Barre^ permit No. 355 ’ THE CHALLENGE 70’S” All residents of a metropolitan area have a common interest in the social and economic health and vitality of the entire area. The difficulty is not that the metro­ politan areas do not have the resources, but rather that the resources and needs are mismatched with the local governmental jurisdictions. Local government boundaries no longer encompass coherent socio-economic areas; hence, boundaries do n°t coincide with the demands for public services. Indeed, the large number of local units themselves often impedes, or at least delays, achieving timely and effective responses to new and increasing demands for services. Where high capital investments are required °r a service function or where the service area does not coincide with the political boundaries, economic and area considerations must prevail over parochial needs or interests if the service is to be realized. Most existing governmental units in this country appear too WILKES-BARRE, PENNA. FEBRUARY 15, 1971 small to achieve economics of scale that can cut costs and raise quality. It seems likely that regionalism may be able to do jointly in this regard what individual units cannot do singly. Thus the decade of the 1960’s favored a new dynamic movement termed regionalism. All sorts of devices and vehicles to resolve area-wide problems that cross boundary lines have been invented. They are all temporary expedients which the federal government has accepted and assisted by its "glue” money. Though some of these endeavors have been partially success­ ful, the 1970’s are faced with the stark reality that we need to build stronger and more responsive regional institutions. The chief response to regional needs has come from the national government. It has acted as a catalyst in using its expertise and financial resources to spur local action toward regionalism. The original initiative to deal with area problems came from the Office of the President. Congress likewise seems to have developed a very sound sense of solving problems predicated on the regional approach. The Housing Act of 1949, the first important legislation deal ing wi th urban problems, first recognized the need for coordinating housing and renewal programs with other local communities, but did not mention regional agencies. In 1954 and 1965, housing acts recognized the involvement of metropolitan areas in the solution of urban problems by encouraging planning by states, counties, cities, metropolitan areas and urban regions and establishment of appropriate organizational units, and made grants available under section 701 to metropolitan and regional agencies. Congress moved a step further in the Demonstration Cities and Metropolitan Development Act of 1966 by specifically referring to areawide agencies designed to perform metropolitan or regional planning. Not only did the act refer to "a unit of areawide government, "but the regional emphasis passed from planning to action-type regional agencies. The handwriting is on the wall. Just observe what many Federal agencies are doing to local governments. Any doubt as to the trend of the federal government to insist on regional projects under its aid programs is dispelled by the growing number of local governments whose project applications were delayed or disapproved because HUD determined that the projects of two localities be joined into one. For example, in a number �-HIKING HITCH H,,U ‘\her. every! -.body SAVE the weather, —iethi WE CAN saw aboUt ^ot^many d° somC ' ng many .ke the old Id saving, but- not "ernments as vwell as n about <ks al°tab|ies to 'local l°cal g° g° vel aid or written eements, . been -BY . regional AFFAIRS virtually submerged, perhaps never to may be rec»ver from the shock. (to be H VM COntinue<l) INSTITUTE OF Dr. Hugo V. Mailey, Director newsletter JANUARY 15, 1971 NO. I VOL. XVIII This News-letter, ^InstHute of community servlce’ College Notes and Regional Affairsh°f ^sed to6 Dr. Hugo V. inquiries may be address^ SKSi-Barre, not par^' ^divi^g'through la l8703 Subscription free upon request. of instances, grants for separate sewage disposal systems have been denied because the federal agency insisted that a single regional joint system would be more efficient and economical. Resistance to this federal insistence on the regional approach where feasible has already appeared. Warren, Michigan, refused Urban Renewal funds because it would not accept the regional conditions attached. Blackjack, Missouri, attempted to block construction of a federally subsidized housing project for similar reasons. The latest setback was in the Detroit suburb of Novi, where the Metropolitan Detroit Citizens Development Authority has postponed plans to build a new community for lowmoderate income families. Reasons for the postpone­ ment, of the 1000 acre development, which was supposed to be racially and economically integrated, were citizens resistance to required zoning changes and the “feed­ back" from Blacks who did not want to be isolated in a suburban ghetto. The federal committment to regionalism is crystal clear. Every subsequent piece of congressional legislation reflects the same theme. The only void that remains unfilled is a definite federal policy clearly setting forth the specific action-type regional agency which the Federal Government will recognize. Currently, there is a tremendous contrast in the organization of such agencies, and to the present they are single­ purpose oriented. The chief remaining source of criticism is this cont.nued practice of establishing a separate agency to perform each function required in a regional area Single service agencies result in disjointed, unplanned approaches to reg10nal problems, and increasedP costs abotmtented f'SCal resources add to citizen confusion bout government. More importantly, from the viewpoint of popular sovereignty, citizen control of si nd 2 purpose regional agencies becomes almost impossibli. allure of the federal government to eliminate this criticism does not mean that it will not do so. The efforts of most national local and regio'na'l nrnh' °rganizations concerned with problems, including mendations, are beg^nninTtn '"f udlng specific recomf|uence th Congress in that direction. * 'ng tQ t0 j'n nfluence . When, and if. Congress finally establishes policy of true a clear multi-purpose agencies tto deal with programs on a ;.egl0nal basis, the effect -t on local government structure will be of such dimensions that local government tremendous as now constituted the economic future OF CITY AND SUBURB Many readers of the IRA News-Letter may be int in obtaining a personal copy of a supplementary ted (No. 30) entitled "The Economic Future of C-Paper Suburb.” The paper ranks in importance with pry.and publications by the Committee for Economic Develon'°Us (CED) dealing with modernization of local and Pme,lt governments. state Prepared by David L. Birch of the Harvard Gradu School of Business Administration, the report proj/'6 “that the central city crises of the 1960’s may well ar^ as the suburban crises of the 1970’s.” The author forsees an increasing economic specializa tion of the central city, as manufacturing moves to the' suburbs. He believes that absolute declines in many types of jobs will be offset by the substantial gains to be made in the future development of the communication­ sensitive "service industries”: banking, corporate headquarters, educational and health facilities, non­ profit membership organizations, and the specialized manufacturing and service firms for these growing functions. He predicts that accompanying this shift in economic activity will be a marked shift in population: a growing "suburbanization of the poor” as blacks and other minorities move from the cities into suburbs. At the same time, the changing mix of activities in the central city are expected to attract a growing number of white collar workers "whose skills are increasingly in demand in the central city and whose commuting time from the suburbs to the city is rising.” The cumulative effect of these economic and residential changes will be to transfer many of the present problems of the central city to the suburbs, particularly the inner suburbs. On the basis of recent census data, the author con­ cludes that a growing proportion of the black population is participating in the out migration to the suburbs. He notes also that while central city densities through­ out the country have declined since 1950, "suburban densities”, in contrast, are growing rapidly and, by central city standards, have enormous potential °r growth. Copies of Committee for this paper Economic may be obtained Development, Avenue, New York, New York, 10002. dollar per copy. from the 477 Madison The price is WHN SAVE YOUR BOTTLES Don t throw away your used glass containers! Someay they may be used to build the streets in y°ur town* ion unheard of. >5^ use dV vale"1- pven the u js Still common in annexations in -sg where of sound considered ___cidered a order to needed isn’t pre—cedures in in many nental , .n the vocabulary of governm word m the g heard of hhitchhow many resa combined purchasing> on a means cum" ------kiino P^^inbeffect.’ nn open-end enabling many the contract advantages of reduced hiking5Cale under £ to realize the idea behind inter^-‘^sis basically although most such “ -cre I 111 agreements, unitJ | purchasing and done’’ contracts, 1 -under once , are not generally taking "chasing is done uni ci pal iti es Neither is the state of Undoubtedly, mb-buying. advantage of mass Pennsylvania. excel lent opportunity A little known proposal offers an proving state procurement at lower prices and at e? there °.asphalt and lime for adhesion. If it sU e||ars! h re will undoubtedly be a lot of tidy house ce - tO HUD 701 accomplishment the ^"^gj-hen the instil local governments the needs of all citi 2. committee reached the conclusion that 'ecommended^state systl under continuous , g°Vemed ?nd by Procedures the Realize orderly should be The conce Governor’s office, L0"??? 'Ion S best illustrated ^commendation bnnLk-^ S-trated by the committee’s on on Purchasing is suggested to automotive equipment, contracts for permit open-end state such equipment and ments t0 ■•J allow local governmake contracts open-end state Would rre =ceive -v the ad Callfornia. Thus, local units mass buyip. cost through the central cities and si Improve housing an 4. and S?ts *°uldrtru'ndlCates that r- • Oepend'm= „„ , lnt° the miirsavings to LU local local govern'-as of dollars <-______ ' number items lowered r he c°mmittee d num ber of of items sn level of servi low and moderate ir relates to employme The guidelines stress executive management cap; within the context of compi in determining priorities, a ing and programs, planning and local and evalt management governments t< sharing and greater reliant As m Legi si at ion ^isdoneirc.?^ the phy and development 01 including effective the newlX consei future generations; 3. Department of Property andSuppliesshould be responsi ble for fully informing all other government entities within the state about commonwealth contract purchasing arrangements so that these groups can take advantage of state bulk procurement. This should result in lowering costs for all parties concerned. Under the recommenda10ns, the state’s total procurement effort and the “mmeenntteffOrtS°umUnicipa1’ County’ and other local and Improve and earth resources referred to as the "Little Modern State Government, by former Governor Hoover Committee” <appointed Raymond P. Shafer. The GUI FUND Administ HUD '^prel of the <------, ?,u7l0d‘!.'nprSog„m. The emPh _o: t^ local government !he same time extend the advantage --3 of the recommendations units. The idea is found in one c. ’s Commission for made early last year by the Governor " 1970, applicant to give specialI Land Use and Environmental attentior C Orderly Quality ar ments. N otewo rthy is the fact by s be distributed I 4-J _ among ten I mg C earmarked 20t ,be being ;- Offices’uP"e°r na simi lar a«ncy effectiveness. at is, if a 5-year test by Glass Container Corp°rpar|t be'ng conducted at the Fullerton Air Industrial b f “ri S °ut’ They’ve built an experimental str ,dStl and w 3 V’ cornP°sed of 60% glass, 33% stone d and the ’ bidd co des local icipa1 Mum require the alized by. ■ently cum -j be I eg*-dures could procei througn chasing pun jrchas ed *•• •to be ptJ idea rem; is rni sing ger This Pr01 for report■nnsylvaQj' s j gn ificant Pei government in inter■red. early dat it remains-> so an 1 [deration at ■ it wi 11 con sithat i hope interested in the -- truly legislator local resou ease our and there way t0 other states, h-hikii in <- - • ; save by “hitch . cannot of the state. power • ^idF^nts under \ehetakreSources, ■ Under n ' vanous aid , to umts, Purchasallocated to Programs |ike Ptirch;‘asinS and csuch Attract law ?a Procedun applicable !-re would be ■a '"egal. HUD staff will r~ServingonThe r™" negoti ’ O 4-- I a tight linka »•«. The fo'eal -1 with S' 1 Point for ' regard to aPPlicati0 and Offi <'w'where8 •. I be none have ■’ admini �AFFA|RS may be virtua|| from the X SUbrT,erged> shock. ector perhaps neV*r t0 H Vm rl NO. | m°nthly as he Institute a of e. Notes and Dr. |Hugo ‘ V. '°nal Affairs^ :y I vania 18703 uest. system would be e on the regional Ppeared. Warren, because it would ched. Blackjack, on of a federally 5r reasons. The b of Novi, where Ppment Authority nmunity for low>r the postpone-h was supposed :d, were citizens and the “feedbe isolated in a is crystal ngressional e only void that policy clearly egional agency nize. Currently, organization of ey "S CITY and suVUre SuBUrB in (No. WE c°m "Thl C[?Py °f (cen>T'on^ are single- suburbanization of the poor” as blacks and othe? minorities move from the cities into suburbs. At the same time, the changing mix of activities in the central city are expected to attract a growing number of white collar workers “whose skills are increasingly in demand in the central city and whose commuting time from the suburbs to the city is rising.” The cumulative effect of these economi c and resident! al changes wi 11 be to transfer many of the present problems of the central city to the suburbs, particularly the inner suburbs. On the basis of recent census data, the author con eludes that a growing proportion of the black P°PU is participating in the out migration to e su He notes also that while central city d®^'tie,<su|)1jrban arate agency to out the country have declined since . by densities”, in contrast, are growing rapioix^ for central city standards, have enormous P regional area, ted, unplanned growth. ticism is this creased costs, izen confusion i the viewpoint ol of single- from tt,e obtained l^ladi son :t, 477 Development,^ is one Committee for Economic The price York, 10002. T.1 Avenue, New York, New . Copies may of this dollar per copy. WHN ;t impossi bl e. eliminate this ot do so. The oncerned with pecific recome Congress in ishes a clear to deal with :ect on local h tremendous w constituted be paper SAVE SAVE YOUR YOUR BOTTLES j class container Don’t throw away your used g streets in y°“ ti0(i day they may be used to ul Container Co P That is, if a 5-year test by G^Air Indu park 0 being VbuiU as p„d 5%’asphalt •"‘'J™' there will undoubtedly be , («■ SAVE BY HITCH-HIKING but such arrangements are not particularly common in Pennsylvania. Consolidation of services by annexations or consolidations of local units are almost unheard of. Reordering of municipal service priorities in order to uSe available resources where most needed isn’t pre­ valent. Even the use of sound business procedures in procurement is still considered a reform” in many municipalities. It is not a new word in the vocabulary of governmental purchasing, but how many readers have heard of “hitch­ hiking”? In effect, it means combined purchasing on a large scale under an open-end contract enabling many government units to realize the advantages of reduced unit costs. This is basically the idea behind inter­ municipal purchasing agreements, although most such purchasing is done under “once and done” contracts. Undoubtedly, municipalities are not generally taking advantage of mass buying. Neither is the state of Pennsylvani a. A little known proposal offersan excellent opportunity for improving state procurement at lower prices and at the same time extend the advantage to local government units. The idea is found in one of the recommendations made early last year by the Governor's Commission for Modern State Government, referred to as the “Little Hoover Committee” appointed by former Governor Raymond P. Shafer. The committee reached the conclusion that the Departmentof Property and Supplies should be responsible for fully informing all other government entities within the state about commonwealth contract purchasing arrangements so that these groups can take advantage of state bulk procurement. This should result in lowering costs for all parties concerned. Under the recommenda­ tions, the state’s total procurement effort and the procurement efforts of municipal, county, and other local government units should be governed by the newly recommended state system and procedures should be under continuous scrutiny by the Governor’s office. The concept is best illustrated by the committee's recommendation on purchasing automotive equipment. Legislation is suggested to permit open-end state contracts for such equipment and allow local govern­ ments to make purchases under the open-end state contracts as is done in California. Thus, local units would receive the advantages of low cost through the mass buying power of the state. The report indicates that savings to local govern­ ments would run into the millions of dollars annually, depending on the size of the unit and number of items so Purchased. The committee, too, would be a beneficiary of lowered costs because a substantial percentage of municipal, county, and other local governmental purchas'nS is paid for from state tax resources, allocated to ocal governments under the various aid programs like Liquid Fuels. to tidZ CAN Much like the old saw about the weather, everybody today talks a lot about saving, but not many do something about it. This applies to local governments as well as to individuals. Much has been said or written about reducing costs through local joint purchasing agreements, oF Ira Neews<etter. 30) w\,atl5Pd'rS0"’' 22 er may h r-- • ~f a < Suburb.’ FUpp|emen'>Stgd Econ paper ranks'! 0,?0^0 ' ranks jn -le Committee f'mporitc-cD) dealing . nce with „'v and — With rnoderni governments. of Sent „ . Frepared by David d state School of Business . >Administrat^nth!hHarvard that the cen tral Clty crises of the l96nT reP°rt dilate as the suburban < Projects Crises of the 1970’s.’’ Smay^il -I ariSe The: author forsees an 'increasing economics tion of the ; central city, suburbs. |He believes i as manufacturing m„ Peciali«*at absolute decliTeH;0^ types of jobs wiTl be made in TeT'l.-by ** substantial the ffuture develop^; C 1 com £a,ns to sensitive “service iindustries ‘ ba; “TUrni«'ion. ”; headquarters, educational and health ' . educational corporate ------ 1 and health profit membership organizations and the"'"ies, non. membersh ip organizations, manufacturing and service firms for th specialized service firms functions. ror these -e growing With SeW disposal e federal agency ilism (t0 be rECONO|V||C the Under present purchasing and contract law applicable local units, such a procedure would be illegal. Municipal codes and the general 1 contract provisions currently require local bidding, fHowever, the system could be legalized by the simple 2 amendment of code purchasing procedures to permit exceptions if any item IS to be purchased through a state open-end contract. This promising idea remains buried in the pages of a significant report for general improvement of state government in Pennsylvania. It will be unfortunate if it remains so interred. The idea deserves legislative consideration at an early date. We publicize the proposal in the hope that it will come to the attention of a legislator truly interested in exploring every possible way to ease our local resource problems. It has worked in other states, and there is no reason why we, too, cannot save by “hitch-hiking” on the mass purchasing power of the state. WHN HUD 701 FUND GUIDELINES RELEASED HUD Regional Administrators have received the 1971 guidelines of the Comprehensive Planning Assistance ‘‘701’’ Program. The emphasis this year will be on the accomplishment of locally-determined objectives within the framework of these broad national goals: 1. Strengthen the institutional capability of state and local governments to understand and respond to the needs of all citizens; 2. Improve and conserve the quality of air, water, and earth resources for the benefit of present and future generations; 3. Realize orderly physical growth through planning and development on a state and areawide basis including effective planning for linkages between central cities and suburban communities; 4. Improve housing and related community facilities and level of services to all persons, including low and moderate income families, particularly as relates to employment activities. The guidelines stress the need for strengthening the executive management capability of chief elected officials within the context of comprehensive planning that assists in determining priorities, allocating resources, implement­ ing programs, and evaluating performance. Effective planning and management is expected to enable state and local governments to tool up for federal revenue sharing and greater reliance on block grants. As in 1970, applicant agencies are being encouraged to give special attention to Government Management; Land Use and Orderly Growth; Housing Development; Environmental Quality and Meeting Planning Require­ ments. Noteworthy is the fact that 1971 fiscal year funds are not being earmarked by subject category. Funds are to be distributed among ten HUD Regions using population, poverty, and prior funding experience factors. Regional Offices will use similar criteria, including a factor for agency effectiveness. HUD staff will negotiate with key elected officials serving on the policy-making bodies of areawide agencies to ensure a tight linkage between planning and implemen­ tation. The focal point for ”701” Program administration with regard to application receipt, negotiation, signoff and processing will be the highly decentralized area Offices. Where none have been established, the Regional Offices will retain administrative responsibility. �NON GRADED 1N STR U C]'°^iate a long- ^Ch0°!1eiSiS|i^^; The Pittston Area range program to replace t ® truction permitting sss-X-* graded instruction, a pupil enters . twelve si:, 5* £ p“n" ( TX- -»' individualized instruction which is necessary to attain their highest potential. The School District proposes to place each pupil at his own instructional level, based upon ability determined by standardized tests, and then permits the pupil to progress according to his own ability and rate of learning. This means that all artificial and arbitrary horizontal divisions within the curriculum would be removed. Beginning with 15 in-service instructional sessions for the school's professional staff prior to opening of school in September, The Institute of Regional Affairs will provide consultation and continuing instruction to the staff and to instruct para-professional personnel of the District in their duties under the new program. The Institute will also provide student teachers as a part of the program at the end of the year, and submit an annual report on the effectiveness of the program as it progresses. The proposed program does not mean that the graded system will be abandoned now or in the future, since participating pupils will be selected on the basis of demonstrated ability and with the consent of parents. The Non-Graded Instructional Program will be under the direction of Assistant Professor, J. George Siles, who joined the Education Department at Wilkes College in 1963. Mr. Siles has been appointed Associate Director responsible for Educational Planning with the '“t ?OnK AffairS’ His extensive experience and background in the educational field, and particularly I El WNEWS ncntory education, eminently qualifies him elementary Mon-Graded Instructional Program. t0 d'rect the I.--- are you an urbanite? The most complex problems of our s. attributed to the urbanization of the country Thi f re doesn’t disturb most people simply because that urban areas are only cities. Not so! sociev ar • WILKES COLLEGE WILKES-BARRE, PENNA. About 75% of us live in urban probably one of them. According to the U.S.' Bureau Of the Census, your place of residence is an urban area if it meets any one of the following criteria: I. It is an incorporated city, borough, at least 2,500 inhabitants; 2. It 3. is a densely settled VOL- °r v'llage witl) urban fringe whether incorporated or unincorporated, around a city of at least 25,000; or, It is an unincorporated area of at Ieast 2,500 inhabitants outside of an urban fringe. You don’t have to I ive in a big city to be an urbanite Start counting. You may find that you a — one. Then are smile, because you have moved into the modern -1 age. THOUGHTS FOR TODAY A linear is last year’s word for straight, which was the year before’s word for square. 2^ 5 IE I5 A racist is a gentleman of another color with whom c 20 one is having an argument. B I IN THE LIBRARY NEW ENGLAND ECONOMIC INDICATORS - Federal1 Reserve Bank of Boston — A survey ofT tko the Ma.., New]! £ Cz> 70 CM Oi cE X 3 1 ■ England economy published by the Federal Reserve Bank of Boston. NEW JERSEY MUNICIPALITIES - New Jersey State League of Municipalities - This magazine serves as a medium of exchange of ideas and information on municipal affairs for public officials. NIGP LETTER SERVICE - National Institute of Governmental Purchasing — A publication dedicated to improving governmental purchasing. IRA NEWSLETTER Institute of Regional Affairs Wilkes College Wilkes-Barre, Pa. 18703 Non-Profit Organization U. S. POSTAGE X PAID Return Postage Guaranteed Wilkes-Barre, P* Permit No. 355 HUGO JUNE 29, mauley 19 IS - MARCH 8. DIRECTOR INSTITUTE OF REGIONAL 1971 AffA1RS �ACTION 'Ct Will initiati ■e 3 I ong‘ditional grade instruction p- system Permitting nadeheir/bility- Thi': nade under a contract egional Affairs. 5t prevalent system of rs school at the first h the normal twelve rade through a system nt from gradeto _ grade ,„ drives the less- able — e of is necessary to attain to place each pupil at ed upon ability deterand then permits the s own ability and rate artificial and arbitrary curriculum would be instructional sessions aff prior to opening of te of Regional Affairs ntinuing instruction to fessional personnel of the new program. The t teachers as a part of ■, and submit an annual of the program as it >t mean that the graded ar in the future, since ected on the basis of ; consent of parents. Program will be under ssor, J. George Siles, ment at Wilkes College appointed Associate onal Planning with the s extensive experience I field, and particularly NEWS-LETTER that urban areas are only cities. Notlo^56 theVt“ ^ct think About 75% of us live in probably one of them. According ?0 The’ U ar the Census, your place of residence is an ’S’,Bureau nf it meets any one of the following criteriaan ar^ if 1. It is an incorporated city, borough or vin at least 2,500 inhabitants; ’ V aSe with 2. VOI .XVIII, N0- 3 It is a densely settled urban fringe incorporated or unincorporated, aroima ’' Aether a c'ty of at least 25,000; or, It is an unincorporated area of at inhabitants outside of an urban fringe. least 2.50Q You don’t have to I ive in a big city to be an i urbanite. Start counting. You may find that you y — • are -- one. Then >. smile, because you have moved into - — the .. .e modern 3. age. y THOUGHTS FOR TODAY v- A linear is last year’s word for straight, which was i j er the year before’s word for square. b A racist is a gentleman of another color with whom^ . to one is having an argument. 0 -j IN THE : LIBRARY NEW ENGLAND ECONOMIC INDICATORS - Federal’ Reserve Bank of Boston - A survey of the New: England economy published by the Federal Reserve Bank of Boston. NEW IERSEY MUNICIPALITIES - New Jersey State League of Municipalities - This magazine serves as a medium of exchange of ideas and mformatio municipal affairs for public officials. Institute of NIGP LETTER SERVICE - Natj°nal . dedicated Governmental Purchasing - A publica to improving governmental pure asing. Non-ProW Organization U. S. POSTAL PAID Wilkes-Barr . permit No- 3 o? to or X 8 i WILKES COLLEGE WILKES-BARRE, PENNA. MARCH 15, 1971 �Dr. K—o Science, Wilkes College, • jts itc cust customary before 9 a.m., Monday. Marc , l97L ™ jn omary format was prepared for publication under his dire NEWS-LETTER in Its ry.^ by Dr. Maj|ey under the tit|e ..Region dire«iona This issue of the NEWS’^^lead artic|e was v The lead articl highest priorities in a long list of local and state govern^ few days before his pass. g. among i:._ work of local government in Pennsylvania, this the frame coU|d be the basis of a complete restructuring pr°viSg°government in the Commonwealth. °' 0 | bills bills appeared appeared before before the the General General Assembly Assembly • 1_ - —• ** ♦"Li q noct* for m \ kx i z— kv o ** a SeVery|vania during the past term which are designed of Pennsy^e basic -,nnrnach approach to to the the nrohlem*: problems nf of water av pollution staff, Hugo was not just its founder and director in Pennsylvania. ,ers of the Institute To the present and past members, -HE be its guiding hand. WAS THE INSTITUTE. He will always excluded from this March issue except Dr. Mai|eys other items have been To acknowledge this fact, all article prepared prior to his death t0 any ..tampering” with his NEWS-LETTER. The staff be„ “tampering” with his NEWS-LETTER. his ardoMoMts tX^sion and promises that all future issues will bring to its readers the same breadth of One of the; bills involves the authorization for the _ of establishment^ < Regional Water and Wastes Management The Regional Water and Wastes Management AUth°rities '"th rities ’ would would be be formed formed by by the the Counties Counties in in the the AUthOs which have previously been determined and re^'°nated by the Sanitary Water Board. If the counties deS'8t appoint a Regional Water and Wastes Management significant items upon which he insisted. Authority, then the Sanitary Water Board, after a certain period of’time, is authorized to do so. THE CHALLENGE OF THE 70’S" "REGIONALISM At the state level, interest and activity is on the; upswing, partially as a reaction to specific federal programs and partially as a means to strengthen the states' capabilities to administratively address them­' selves to functional and area needs. This increased interest is demonstrated by new enabling legislation, financial support to regional organizations, executive, reorganizations and policies, including a regional approach. Just as the aid systems of most states have not been adjusted to fit current conditions, the states have assumed few functional responsibilities which were once local. What’s more, the state level has not produced any strong regional or metropolitan leadership. About all that can be said for states is that they have passed permissive legislation making inter-local cooperation possible. In the face of problems becoming1 regional, the states tread gingerly and hope that it will be attained voluntarily through local arrangement. They have not undertaken any major overhaul of local govern­ ment. for'L^WO’s^thW0'^ “ TPare l0Cal foments; , : Hon, and the finance . p er’ me imagmacapability to overcome munkioT^’-T1 ab°Ve al1 the must reappraise and relocate tire )“'''sd!ctlons- States to the proper levels To num Ut,'°n °f problems units in the hope that lor-a? P m°re funds int0 local unrealistic, unless the carrot ■* - Ta8'native|y planning and regional implementation can be attained on some kind of sensible regional basis. To g 1 ....... grant more powers to lower levels of government when a problem belongs at a higher level is unrealistic. And to pass more laws and to create more programs seems only to compound this illogical, unreasonable, and unnecessary mess. Pennsylvania, for instance, has not taken an inventory of local tasks, local needs and local functions at all, It has taken a swipe at reappraisal at times - when other subjects were under consideration, such as home rule, housing, unemployment, protection and safety, sewage, etc. No deliberate attempt has been made in this state to carefully select functions which local governments can perform within the limits of their civic and political leadership, physical boundaries, and financial resources. The Constitutional Convention of a few years ago struck out in this direction. The fact that Pennsylvania amended its Constitution to provide optional ways for the exercise of powers at the local unit of government level is, in a real sense, a recognition of the need or reform in local governmental institutions. In sum, these local government amendments imply that the form, structure, and powers of Pennsylvania local governme are not adequate to meet today's needs and that electorate should have more positive means for in uen ing change. The most innovative provision of Article IX is contained in Section 6 and 7 concerning area goveir ent The General Assembly is to provide for theesta ' gOf of and dissolution of area governments and the gra ( great powers to such governments. Although there 1 rernuncertainty as to the meaning of the term area role W* ment and much confusion as to its future There is no question that if this kind of bill is assed, it will substantially alter the mode of operation in the water quality management field in Pennsylvania. More importantly, it is a recognition of the simple fact that the voluntary approach by small units of government has not been the answer to regional problems and that water resource management should be moved up to another level of government — whether the county, area government, or a regional authority. This is not to say that regionalism is being promoted and/or coerced by each individual state agency. It is however what can be labeled “Regionalism by Executive Fiat.” Let’s look at just two instances. Recommendations developed at a Governor’s Con­ ference are serving as the foundation for many of the policies, procedures and guidelines that the New Environmental Department is using to implement Act 241, Pennsylvania’s Solid Waste Management Act. All three conference panels pointed up the needs for long-range, comprehensive regional or areawide solid waste manage­ ment planning, for intergovernmental cooperation at both g e. state and regional levels, for utilization of all available resources and for federal and state monies to f_e P implement solid waste management programs, to fi nan ce a more research and demonstration programs, to the<phub|-'' KCI waste wasce nandlln g techniques, lt Proper handling techniques, ano and to to euu«-o educate Mans'1 Severa' occasions, the Governor’s Solid Waste favor^ernent Advisory Committee has gone on record as mana"18 broad area planning for sound solid waste for th8n nent Systems’ The Committee has voiced support be nr epartment’s suggestion that area-wide planning author?rn°^ed dy making Act 241 more explicit in its zation for the formation format-inn of nf regional solid waste management governmental agencies Tl states that a solid waste management submitted jointly by the municipalities an authority or county or by one c municipalities with concurrence of the . provides for needed reviews including om agency with areawide jurisdiction, if one county planning commission.” Therefo for planning assistance are being coi Department in this light. This is certa and stick” approach. The approach of the Department Affairs in promoting regionalism is ant of the same strategy. The Shamokin are a typi cal example of how it operates in th< yet widely prevalent-instances. Some sev (potentially 13) in the LAREDO deve which the DCA supports with seed fundi assistance, have been in the process o' which, one would then hope to encouraj next step; an area, government. f “relatively” more affluent and capabl neighbors saw "nothing in it" for Sham to join. DCA had funded Shamokin gener for a wide range of important developmt badly need additional help for some recreation development projects. DCA Shamokin: “You join and fully suppc COG financially and otherwise, or y recreation development assistance from You do not hear about these little st for obvious reasons. But they are goin in all communities, and they are determinants of the decisions with resp not to assist and to what extent. The c of many actions of this kind is bui potentially impressive total. These examples and others subst; that regionalism is coming, not by the i governments, or by a local citizenry enlightened, or even by any stated url General Assembly. We seem to be easin; without a preconcieved urban policy, important, ;~t, without any policy of Area i' kind of chaotic regionalism that is a k.. ihw It sounds good because it begi into. It available. It allows for flexibility, “grand theory." The lack of a pop regionalism is even more serious, without a re-appraisal of local governm services is no regionalism at all. �ugo V. Hailey, Director of the Institute of Regional Affairs and Ci,, Chairman of the Deckes College, died in the Wilkes-Barre General Hospital following '"2 a heart attack :pj* n rtrnent of p0|. , Monday, March 8, 1971. hls office '/‘'cal short|y issue of the NEWS-LETTER in its customary format >— _J S- PLMailey ePred under" for.Publ'cation The lead article was written byWn Dr. fore his passing. • -------- r the title the 70’s”. The subject was among the highest priorities ini a long list of local ch he devoted his life. Ji nd le present and past members of the Institute staff, Hugo was not just its founder and dire. iTITUTE. He will always be its guiding hand. “ Ilu Qlr ector _ cknowledge this fact, all other items have been excluded from this March is^.o issue ed prior to his death. except Dr. Mai|ey’s less, Hugo would object strenuously to any “tampering” with his NEWS-LETTER The staff begs ir its transgression, and promises that all future issues will bring to its readers the same breadth of ims upon which he insisted. "REGIONALISM THE CHALLENGE OF THE 70’S” tate level, interest and activity is on the irtially as a reaction to specific federal d partially as a means to strengthen the ibilities to administratively address themjnctional and area needs. This increased demonstrated by new enabling legislation, ipport to regional organizations, executive ins and policies, including a regional he aid systems of most states have not been fit current conditions, the states have / functional responsibilities which were once t’s more, the state level has not produced egional or metropolitan leadership. II that can be said for states is that they d permissive legislation making inter-local possible. In the face of problems becoming e states tread gingerly and hope that it will voluntarily through local arrangement. They dertaken any major overhaul of local govern- tates are going to prepare local governments )’s, there needs to be an injection of a more s role because the state is the affluency of /ernment with the legal power, the imaginate finances to experiment, and above all the to overcome municipal jurisdictions. States raise and relocate the solution of problems )er levels. To pump more funds into local e hope that local units will be able to deal problems cooperatively and imaginatively is unless the carrot and stick approach is even then, it is doubtful if comprehensive planning and regional implementation c can be attained on some kind of sensible regional basis, ■■ To grant more powers to lower levels of government when a problem belongs at a higher level is unrealistic, And to pass more laws and to create more programs seems only to compound this illogical, unreasonable, and unnecessary mess. Pennsylvania, for instance, has not taken an inventory of local tasks, local needs and local functions at all. It has taken a swipe at reappraisal at times - when other subjects were under consideration, such as home rule, housing, unemployment, protection and safety, sewage, etc. No deliberate attempt has been made in this state to carefully select functions which local governments can perform within the limits of their civic and and political leadership, physical boundaries, t financial resources. The Constitutional Convention of a few years _ Pennsylvania struck out in this direction. The fact that -■-for ways famended its Constitution -q to provide provide optional opnona ent the exercise of powers at the the local local unit unlt of ° , Z~ - -J , >'•' level is, in a real ______ sense, a a recognition recognition of o the n local governmental institutions, n su^» reform in b.............. ........ local government amendments imp y structure, and powers of Pennsylvania and that the are not adequate to meet today s nee for infl"enc’ electorate should have more positive mea ing change. The most innovative provision of contained in Section 6 and 7 concernin The General Assembly is to provi e o ‘‘ |X is that governmc0'’ eStablisbrl^ f grant'^ t and dissolution of area governments ^ere js powers to such governments. J ° °rrn “area uncertainty as to the meaning or ment” and much confusion as to I future r°e mework of local government in Pennsylvania, this the n could be the basis of a complete restructuring Misgovernment in the Commonwealth. ral bills appeared before the General Assembly Pnnsylvania during the past term which are designed 0 , r rhe basic approach to the problems of water One of the bills involves the authorization for the One tablishment of Regional Water and Wastes Management Tthorities. The Regional Water and Wastes Management Authorities would be formed by the Counties in the ■ s which have previously been determined and regions designated by the Sanitary Water Board. If the counties do not appoint a Regional Water and Wastes Management Authority, then the Sanitary Water Board, after a certain period of time, is authorized to do so. There is no question that if this kind of bill is passed, it will substantially alter the mode of operation in the water quality management field in Pennsylvania. More importantly, it is a recognition of the simple fact that the voluntary approach by small units of government has not been the answer to regional problems and that water resource management should be moved up to another level of government - whether the county, area government, or a regional authority. This is not to say that regionalism is being promoted and/or coerced by each individual state agency. It is however what can be labeled "Regionalism by Executive Fiat.’’ Let’s look at just two instances. Recommendations developed at a Governor’s Con­ ference are serving as the foundation for many of the policies, procedures and guidelines that the New Environmental Department is using to implement Act 241, Pennsylvania's Solid Waste Management Act. All three conference panels pointed up the needs for long-range, comprehensive regional or areawide solid waste manage­ ment planning, for intergovernmental cooperation at both the state and regional levels, for utilization of all available resources and for federal and state monies to (elp implement solid waste management programs, to financee more research and demonstration programs, to teach P|roper waste handling techniques, and to educate On several occasions, the Governor’s Solid Waste anagement Advisory Committee has gone on record as avoring broad area planning for sound solid waste f0^naLEe,Tlent systems. The Committee has voiced support t e Department's suggestion that area-wide planning aiiu.Pr°moteb by making Act 241 more explicit in its or|zation for the formation of regional solid waste management governmental agencies. The original Act states that a solid waste management plan “may be submitted jointly by the municipalities concerned or by an authority or county or by one or more of the municipalities with concurrence of the others.” It also provides for needed reviews including one by “a planning agency with areawide jurisdiction, if one exists, and the county planning commission.” Therefore, applications for planning assistan.ee are being considered by the Department in this light. This is certainly the "carrot and stick” approach. The approach of the Department of Community Affairs in promoting regionalism is another illustration of the same strategy. The Shamokin area offers perhaps a typical example of how it operates in the more homespunyet widely prevalent-instances. Some seven municipalities (potentially 13) in the LAREDO development district which the DCA supports with seed funding and technical assistance, have been in the process of forming a COG, which, one would then hope to encourage to move to the next step; an area, government. Shamokin, being “relatively” more affluent and capable than its small neighbors saw "nothing in it” for Shamokin and refused to join. DCA had funded Shamokin generously in the past for a wide range of important development efforts. They badly need additional help for some highly desirable recreation development projects. DCA just simply told Shamokin: “You join and fully support the LAREDO COG financially and otherwise, or you get no more recreation development assistance from DCA.” You do not hear about these little strategies pubicly, for obvious reasons. But they are going on all the time in all communities, and they are the fundamental determinants of the decisions with respect to whether or not to assist and to what extent. The cumulative impact of many actions of this kind is building up into a potentially impressive total. These examples and others substantiate the point that regionalism is coming, not by the initiative of local governments, or by a local citizenry that has become enlightened, or even by any stated urban policy of the General Assembly. We seem to be easing into regionalism without a preconcieved urban policy, and what is more important, without any policy of Area Government. This is a kind of chaotic regionalism that we are slipping into It sounds good because it begins with what is available. It allows for flexibility. But there is no "grand theory.” The lack of a popularly controlled regionalism is even more serious. And regionalism without a re-appraisal of local government functions and services is no regionalism at all. HVM �SWEDEN F&R' £ NEWS-LETTER WILKES COLLEGE WILKES-BARRE, COMMONWEALTH institute of Dr. Hugo REGIONAL AFFAIRS V. Hailey, Director NEWSLETTER VOL. XVIII MARCH 15, 1971 NO. 3 This News-letter, published monthly as a community service, originates in the Institute of Regional Affairs of Wilkes College. Notes and inquiries may be addressed to Dr. Hugo V. Hailey, Director, Institute of Regional Affairs, Wilkes College, Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania 18703 Subscription free upon request. HONORS DR. MAILEY Under state legislation, Local Government Day is celebrated on April 15 of each year in Pennsylvania in recognition of the vital role of local government in the lives of all citizens, and the need for active citizen interest in their local affairs. The Governor’s Proclama­ tion dedicated this year’s observance to Dr. Mai ley for his many successful years of unselfish service devoted to improvement of local government throughout the state. This is believed to be the first time any individual was Instituted by the late Hugo V. Hailey to honoi outstanding contributors of service to local governmen and to award Public Service Institute certificates ti participants in the many courses for public officials an employees, the dinner has become one of the College' most popular events. As a further token of respect for the late IRA Director, officials of the Local Government Day Committee of the Commonwealth and of the Department of Community Affairs visited Wilkes College on April 15 to present the official Proclamation and honor to Mrs. Mailey in a simple but impressive ceremony held in Weckesser Hall. Mrs. Mailey was also given the proclamation pen in remembrance of the Day. H Institute of Regional Affairs Wilkes College Wilkes-Barre, Pa. 18703 U. s. posTAGE pAIU Wilkes-Ba"®’ The feature of the evening will be an address by th Honorable William H. Wilcox, Secretary of the Departmer of Community Affairs of the Commonwealth. The relation between the Department, which is dedicated to th improvement of local government, and the Institute < Regional Affairs have been extremely close and produi tive. The newly appointed Secretary has alread indicated by his actions since assuming office that f intends to enlarge and enhance that relationship. All public officials in Northeastern Pennsylvani and local government employees, as well as interest! citizens, are invited to attend. More than one thousar letters of invitation wilI be mailed about May I. Reserv tions should be forwarded to the Institute of Region Affairs, 50 Parrish Hall, Wilkes College as soon ; possible. Philip R. Tuhy is in charge of arrangement Presentat'on was made by the Honorable William • Wilcox, Secretary of the Department of Community a,rs and the Honorable Genevieve Blatt, former ecretary of the Department of Internal Affairs and ^onorary Chairman of the Local Government Day weaVhanCe’ Th® delegation representing the CommonGov^ 'nc'uc'ed Rodney Terry, Director, Bureau of Local Services; Edwin Sites, Director, Region II Cnh?16^ department of Community Affairs; and Donald 'rector of Public Relations. permit Return Postage Guaranteed ANNUAL DINNER MAY 25 The Nineteenth Annual Dinner sponsored by the Institute of Regional Affairs, Wilkes College, will be held in the dining room of the New Men’s Dormitory or Tuesday, May 25, 1971 at 6:30 P.M. thus honored. Non-Pr°fit Organixat'01’ APRIL 15, 1971 -precedented gesture, Governor Milton Shapp In an■ unpr d this year’s Local Government Day to the dedicated f-: of the late Dr. Hugo V. Mai ley, Founder and memory of the Institute of Regional Affairs. Director Victor Mai ley, Newport, Rhode Island, son of the late Dr. Mai ley was the personal guest of Governor Shapp at the signing of the Proclamation at Harrisburg on April 14. Top-ranking state officials witnessed the ceremony. IRA NEWSLETTER PENNA. Mayor5'i^a''ey was accompanied by her son 'Victor, and guest McGlynn, Wilkes-Barre, was; a special LABOR RELATIONS IN PUBLIC EMPLOYMENT WORKSHOP This workshop, which was originally scheduled I Saturday, April 3, 1971 has been rescheduled for Frida May 14, 1971. The workshop is being co-sponsored the Institute of Regional Affairs and the Institute f Urban Policy and Administration, Graduate School Public and International Affairs, University of Pittsburg Sessions will be held in Room 53, Parrish Hall, Wilk College. Re2ineP?Senting Wilkes College and the Institute of ^reside Affairs were Dr. Francis J. Michelini, Historynt’jW''kes College; Dr. David Leach, Prof, of and pr.fnd Chairman of the Division of Social Science, Ass'ociat m°rS PhiliP TuhX and Walter H’ Niehoff’ b0th e Directors of the Institute of Regional Affairs, die Coli^ai'ey and son Victor, were honored guests of P^ticinan^6 at t'1e Westmoreland C,pants °f the ceremony. Club attended by -----_ 10:00 A.M. and will adjot Sessions will begin at 4:00 P.M. There will be no charge for the workshr at _ _ . -■."te for elected public officia It is a training course and public employers. The wo solicitors, managers a."d , .. L —. It is financ will be limited to 35 participants, shop t from a grant ... './ States Governmi by the United Sr? in part the Higher Education Act of IS Title I of ' ' under Pennsylvania by the Department administered in Education. �SHEDDEN LIBRAS NEWS-LETTER WILKES COLLEGE WILKES-BARRE, PENNA. INSTITUTE OF REGIONAL COMMONWEALTH AFFAIRS Dr. Hugo V. Malley. Director NEWSLETTER VOL. XVIII MARCH 15. 1971 NO. 3 This News-letter, published monthly as a community service, originates in the Institute of Regional Affairs of Wilkes College. Notes and inquiries may be addressed to Dr. Hugo V. Mai ley. Director, Institute of Regional Affairs, Wilkes College, Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania 18703 Subscription free upon request. HONORS DR. MAILEY iffairs 3 iteed u. s. p°5TAGE Wilkes-8f% permit N°*__ DINNER MAY 25 In an unprecedented gesture, Governor Milton Shapp dedicated this year’s Local Government Day to the memory of the late Dr. Hugo V. Mailey, Founder and Director of the Institute of Regional Affairs. The Nineteenth Annual Dinner sponsored by the Institute of Regional Affairs, Wilkes College, will be held in the dining room of the New Men's Dormitory on Tuesday, May 25, 1971 at 6:30 P.M. Under state legislation, Local Government Day is celebrated on April 15 of each year in Pennsylvania in recognition of the vital role of local government in the lives of all citizens, and the need for active citizen interest in their local affairs. The Governor’s Proclama­ tion dedicated this year's observance to Dr. Mailey for his many successful years of unselfish service devoted to improvement of local government throughout the state. This is believed to be the first time any individual was thus honored. Instituted by the late Hugo V. Mailey to honor outstanding contributors of service to local government and to award Public Service Institute certificates to participants in the many courses for public officials and employees, the dinner has become one of the College’s most popular events. Victor Mailey, Newport, Rhode Island, son of the late Dr. Mailey was the personal guest of Governor Shapp at the signing of the Proclamation at Harrisburg on April 14. Top-ranking state officials witnessed the ceremony. As a further token of respect for the late IRADirector, officials of the Local Government Day Committee of the Commonwealth and of the Department of Community Affairs visited Wilkes College on April 15 to present the official Proclamation and honor to Mrs. Mailey in a simple but impressive ceremony held in Weckesser Hall. Mrs. Mailey was also given the proclamation pen in remembrance of the Day. Non-Pr°fit Organ ixati°" ANNUAL APRIL 15, 1971 The presentation was made by the Honorable William H. Wilcox, Secretary of the Department of Community Affairs and the Honorable Genevieve Blatt, former Secretary of the Department of Internal Affairs and Honorary Chairman of the Local Government Day observance. The delegation representing the Common­ wealth included Rodney Terry, Director, Bureau of Local Government Services; Edwin Sites, Director, Region II of the Department of Community Affairs; and Donald Gohr, Director of Public Relations. Mrs. Mailey was accompanied by her son 'Victor, and ™7or John B. McGlynn, Wilkes-Barre, was; a special Soest. Representing Wilkes College and the Institute of Keg'onal Affairs were Dr. Francis J. Michelmi, «ident, Wilkes College; Dr. David Leach, Prof, of anjt07 ar,d Chairman of the Division of Social Science, ■ Professors Philip Tuhy and Walter H. Niehoff, both °ciate Directors of the Institute of Regional Affairs. MrS’ r‘-: Mailey and son Victor, were honored guests of 'he.C°lleg, de at the Westmoreland Club attended y Parti ci Pants of the ceremony. th The feature of the evening will be an address by the Honorable William H. Wilcox, Secretary of the Department of Community Affairs of the Commonwealth. The relations between the Department, which is dedicated to the improvement of local government, and the Institute of Regional Affairs have been extremely close and produc­ tive. The newly appointed Secretary has already indicated by his actions since assuming office that he intends to enlarge and enhance that relationship. All public officials in Northeastern Pennsylvania, and local government employees, as well as interested citizens, are invited to attend. More than one thousand letters of invitation will be mailed about May I. Reserva­ tions should be forwarded to the Institute of Regional Affairs, 50 Parrish Hall, Wilkes College as soon as possible. Philip R. Tuhy is in charge of arrangements. LABOR RELATIONS IN PUBLIC EMPLOYMENT WORKSHOP This workshop, which was originally scheduled for Saturday, April 3, 1971 has been rescheduled for Friday, May 14, 1971. The workshop is being co-sponsored by the Institute of Regional Affairs and the Institute for Urban Policy and Administration, Graduate School of Public and International Affairs, University of Pittsburgh. Sessions will be held in Room 53, Parrish Hall, Wilkes College. Sessions will begin begin at 10:00 A.M. and will adjourn Sessions will 4:00 P.M. There will be no charge for the workshop. at ........ "”•'3 for elected public officials, It is a training course and public employers. The worksolicitors, managers t. • ' p®n“l. It is financed shop will be limited to 35 Pa™5! in part from a grant tby the United States Government u.e Higher Education Act of 1965 under Title I of the Pennsylvania by the Department of administered in F — Education. �/ n>0'* atrr*Ctre>fr \e&c id rn° .d^n ever,ere 3 ctu a< ich A fo r Ci wh 5 '"th® pre intOffiC pro n^ d': re and t,uSf’eS 51’ ’ r den 5 cre^’ |O^ al. 5< and SiCi phYci tie enc iaj° rds *h ■ rm al of our tren forms |east very the or & wer® ta* to the the resul hi ch decline PriVa‘ae dras''c build'n was a for The ^n.a ^s declin' accelerated^ the d a^'rS R.E.A.D. PROGRAM ATTAINING GOALS The Wilkes College Reading Excellence Attainment Development program, or R.E.A.D., msti Maj|ey added community service last June by Dr. Hugo V Maley, has reached enrollment beyond original e^e“atl0"®e The reading program, designed to improve the language and study skills of young people through developmen and application of a course of study based upon individual student needs, was developed and implemented y Professors J. George Siles and Joseph Bellucc, instructors in the Graduate Division of Education at the College. Administration and supervision of the instructional staff and general program is done by Professor Si les, who is also Associate Director for Educational planning of the Institute of Regional Affairs. Since inception of the program in June, 1970, young people from twenty public and private schools have participated. Fifty-two students, ranging in age from seven to sixteen have been tested and given instruction. A modest tuition fee covers the expenses of testing, instructional staffing, and materials. The basic approach to the reading course is individual attention made possible by a low pupil-teacher ratio. Each instructor is responsible for only two pupils during the summer sessions, and three during the regular academic year. All children receive a battery of tests immediately following admission to the center. Group and individual tests are administered by an educational psychologist with official certification, and who is a member of the American Psychological Association. Dr. Bellucci developed the testing procedure and, in addition to formulating each child’s case description, interviews and counsels children and their parents. Initial and final written reports are provided for parents during the five week summer sessions and the ten month academic year program. Interim reports are also given at the mid­ point of the academic year course. Currently, three types of instructional areas are utilized at the instructional center. Room “A” consists of a wide range of mechanical and electronic devices which are not only highly sophisticated instructional tools, but which have a fascination which few children can resist. Room “B” contains programmed materials for independent study and self-directed instruction. In both rooms, trained aides supervise and assist each child under direction of his teacher. Aides are skilled undergraduate students who have completed a professional semester which includes reading instruction. Room “C” is used exclusively for directed reading instruction, and the emphasis is on a relaxed tutorial atmosphere between instructor and the child. The instruction day begins at 9:00 a.m., and each chi d spends a portion of his morning in each of the instructional areas. In addition, there are frequent field rips to the local public library and to the Eugene S Farley Library to give each child an opportunity to make op:xasect,ons of books which he - rharEfhllJati°n °f,the program t0 date strongly indicates that the program’s primary objective to foster attitudes of the children toward reading is being attained. MUNICIPAL ANNEXATION N°- TANGLE Procedures for municipal annexations in Pennsy|Va . have always been complex, and frequently unpopu| 'ai A provision in the revised Pennsylvania Constitutj I was intended to clarify the procedure, but now the°n‘ appears to be two. a 3S nthiy•tote of Af* led <Inst' in 4 a<- ai . Z'sshinthe'- i’71 uV||l An amendment to the Pennsylvania Constitution adopted by popular referendum in 1968, provides for such annexation by a majority vote of the citizens in both municipalities. It also directs the General Assembly within two years (deadline April 23, 1970) to “enact uniform legislation establishing the procedure for consolidation, merger or change of boundaries of municipalities.” The purpose was to give to all voters in the township control over disposition of any part. The basis of the legal tangle is that the legislature failed to enact the required legislation by the established deadline, thus opening a question as to which of the two procedures is currently valid. At least five common pleas courts have rendered differing opinions, and the matter can be clarified only by action of the legislature or the new Commonwealth Court in which appeals are pending. 7 H,i5Aer*icen'f Vfi^ t0 D'r®f ee T-.ilege, The annexation of a part of a township by a bor< rough illustrates the new tangle. Under P. L. 550, enacted in 1953, the annexation procedure started with a petition signed by a majority of the property owners in the part of the township to be annexed. Following acceptance of the petition by the borough council, the latter indicated its acceptance by submitting a petition for annexation to the common p|eas court, which approves or disapproves after public hearing Governing bodies in townships, and the taxpayers of the remaining portion not to be annexed, frequently opposed this procedure because both took no part in the decision shi<f 4 ,nwW c ,eq req'ueSt' ,8703. 0ade' 5iibsc p UXhe STRA NGLE her factorthan any other ° h js now -n city and f?orts of the efforts °f nsiJie^cilitl®;s publ,c i"8’ pland a generous dose of oth •?e"/CVe automobile neutra|ize the overwhelming Pittston, and Philadelphia. Scranto , boroUghs are . XXri-^^^,(»nrre8lon. The full impact of the dominance of the automobile on the city was not impressed upon the urban conscience until after World War 11. The increasing dominance of this form of transportation was accompanied by expansion of metropolitan areas and a sharp decline of public mass vansit transit service. FRoads, highways, and parking spaces One opinion, reflected in a decision of the court of common pleas in Lackawanna County, contends that the new constitutional provision has nullified the previous Petition method. ~ The court in Lehigh County last March 9 decreed that Coopersburg borough was correct, in adhering to the procedure in P. L. 550 in annexing a part of Upper Saucon Township. The latter has appealed. simply couldn’t keep vehicles, Urban ,> pace with the growing number of . . ---- “0 transportation tfauopui I problems mounted to ""F;,,,ulvl, ^Wons, and urban 'hecondition -i renewal programs aggravated The Pennsylvania Local Government Commission, a legislative service agency, has recommended, on the basis of an opinion by the Attorney General, that the appropriate procedure depends upon the date of initial annexation action. In other words, P. L. 550 procedure’ should be used for all annexation procedures started before the constitutional deadline date of April 23, 1971.) The Coopersburg case falls within this category, according Timehasorn method of m Ven tklat initial, and sti11 th only wronp !elln^ transportation o S<dominant, more and ' se^'defeatinp Th Pt°blem 1 was not high, n,ore vehicles entered he. Iogic v" was fejera| must be built Th' C'T, more andthat if which L8°vern,nent in X Was ^e aonm, c i more cei)tr a as otle . 1949 urban rerrn to the opinion, because proceedings were initiatedin June, 1968. On the other hand, actions started after April 23, 1970, are probably governed by Article IX of the new Constitution. freew Clt7 access bv S mai°r goals Wa . Pegram Crj. ■ Since ai|_ . e automobiln ari ' mcreasp c ^quir^ 'ation of th„ and the of states endoas Capita® chroni c Since an opinion of the Attorney General is subject to counter by the Commonwealth Court, the final decision( depends upon the outcome of the cases now before that body. On the other hand, the legislature could solve the( egal tangle by fulfilling its constitutional mandate,! already overdue, to enact new annexation laws which | conform to the revised constitutional provisions. Senate Bill 382, currently in the hearing stage before the Senate Local Government Committee, would untangle the tangle- of the sttee es Were insf.nd '©Cal urhan reS°Urces | -- “tl0«l levs? 'nStOp-^ lraf)i '"ere red.c Uted at the i areas, Onlv authori .°wi Vertir ^8nated °Ca' level naj "es w cal Parkjn ne-Way , ; D, a$sj at'eets, estab|jSL 8arages a v^^ti; ’ sPeciai d to I,. ere bui|t. £reater ^ tv^ Fn c bU$ |a n. ’ M'ked'car,kiris j tUr^ Ped TXPdteri ane as'ngt uld „ e nteasu tr--. !e» '4 hide. personal vel.The dismal pl'Sht The have • • -- rai Major r- I road s i couni ^ices. adding commute of automobile c. York is bog, into New Rockefeller’: Governor commuter service in tht bursting at the seams, area, is on the brink of privately owned transi that it recently offer County and/or the cit> date. There are a few pre deci sion-makers recogr in imass ------- ---transit as thf syndrome, The federa developing r,w programs tc •n this di recti ■ion. Th changed --J its PennsyK r the P'ennsy|vania Depa • nd i cat|ng some sh i construct! on of highw mass tran si t. • The ci metro rapid ,rail subvv; . syst milli on service < mprep dollars transit San system, in ^is’cn ^nov/r COUnt... countr y. ->desnDf° r Jrtun ; §eneraP|re ' ■^ad / • 1 sn< Pace J'fifties rat,"' wi'V thu >n by to the '> the ate|y> the . lnacti on tec,^nitic betwP& to tb bui|dhn -■= 'rar,' ? ub| ic and :P< Lents ^y UrbJan . P i U st cc hQw em fa- °n, �1 ATtainiNg G0ALs MUN'C>PAI_ AWNEXaTln RdlESAEDXCe'i'enCe Attainment R.e.a.d., ^Junebybr s/ond HutUtv as an orig“na^pSOV-^ley, ;ned f People 'f study oay improve the^an“S’ throuah j language based2 development cased upon individual «s and a„Td Joseph , by Bellucci D'v.s.on of Education at the isVdl°n L_.d°ne?.y instructional Professor Siles, -tor for Educati onal planning al Affairs. r°gnr*m in June> 1970, young and private schools have 'de"^’ ranging in age from -ested and given instruction s the expenses of testing aterials. s reading course is individual a low pupil-teacher ratio, le for only two pupils during 1 three during the regular h,v® ssociation. :edure and, in Dr. Bellucci addition to ase description, interviews their parents. Initial and vided for parents during the and the ten month academic :s are also given at the mid­ purse. of instructional areas are center. Room “A” consists ical and electronic devices sophisticated instructional cination which few children tains programmed materials elf-directed instruction. In supervise and assist each teacher. Aides are skilled ave completed a professional T “ TAI,gLe ^Srelulte?"aSSista"« Program A rProvision in was ’ ’"“"dad appears to be theC°mplex’ and fre^ 'n Penns 1NStitute OF to 'LL’™”: two. ae Procedure The anneAi d, a Parl 'Ilustrates the Part of aa tow"ship by a new tangle. Under p. | 550, enacted in m Procedure J 953, t; the the Petition S|gned by / a Following 0riT -a Part of the <»3 annexed, borough council, < the latter mdkatJd^” bi submittin the ;theJatter indi °fT'.? Petition anneal'," annexation court, which „ ' ’Kpluve PPtoPes or disapproves Governing bodies in p|,J An amendment to the Pon adopted by popular referendum *? annexation by a majority vote o the decision Co^titUtion' S Pr°V,des f°rsu municipalities. It also directs the r 'Zens in both within two years (deadline April 23 S Asaembl» uniform legislation establishing the Seed consolidation, merger or chant of ?rocadure fa municipalities.” Tht purposewal to ive°to aH^ " the township control over disposition of The basis of the legal tangle is that the legislature failed to enact the required legislation by the established deadline, thus opening a question as to which of the two procedures is currently valid. At least five common pleas courts have rendered differing opinions, and the matter can be clarified only by action of the legislature or the new Commonwealth Court in which appeals are pending. One opinion, reflected in a decision of the court of common pleas in Lackawanna County, contends that the new constitutional provision has nullified the previous Petition method. The court in Lehigh County Iasi March 9 decreed that Coopersburg borough was correct in adhering to the procedure in P. L. 550 in annexing2 part of Upper Saucon Township. The latter has appoa e The Pennsylvania Local Government Co"1,"iss'on^ legislative service agency, has recommen e , °' basis of an opinion by the Attorney General, t appropriate procedure depends upon the annexation action. In other words, . ■ should be used for all annexation proced edlire started 3> |9?| before the constitutional deadline date aCCOrdinJ The Coopersburg case falls within this category,^. . ling instruction. jsively for directed reading is is on a relaxed tutorial to fh e up" * , bo,1 Hand actions started ,y ol June, 1968. On the other hand, a Artic|e |X April 23, 1970, are probably governe X ,r and the child. is 51 subject r^npral is of the Attorney General Since an opinion of the the finalJCourt, bef°re to counter by the Commonwealth Commonwea cag^s now tdepends upon the °“tcom h legislature could ins at 9:00 a.m., and each iis morning in each of' the ion, there are frequent field irary and and to to the Eugene S. :hild an opportunity to make enjoy throughwhich he can c , , strongly indicates i to date foster positive ibjective to being attained. rd reading is REGIONAL AFFAIRS NEWSLETTER VOL. XVIII APRIL 15, 1971 NO. 4 This News-letter, published monthly as a community service, originates in the Institute of Regional Affairs of Wilkes College. Notes and inquiries may be addressed to Director, Institute of Regional Affairs Wilkes College, WilkesBarre, Pennsylvania 18703. Subscription free upon request. pot.,;- not to be ’T ■his procedure because both to.^p.T^T'T*'- m >attery of tests immediately enter. Group and individual an educational psychologist md who is a member of the a'ways'SbJer„,"u"idP’1 wnexatl the new Constitution. body S On the other hand, the leg by fulfill •» lds2i ""Lb.n l.« titutional i" whi^ Sens'* already overdue, t0 ,enconstitutional Pr°vlS'° the 5^‘ conform to the revise aring stage bef° a taqg|ee' tang' Bill 382, currently in the woU|d untangle Local Government Committee, THE STRANGLER The private automobile, more than any other factor, created the modern sick American city and is now choking it to death! Despite the desperate efforts of the decision-makers to cure the potentially fatal urban ailments through ingestions of urban renewal, public housing, planning and zoning, model cities, new towns, open space, and a generous dose of other rehabilitating remedies, the automobile continues to neutralize the treatment simply by pouring in and out in overwhelming numbers. Strangulation is occuring not only in the large cities like New York, Chicago, Los Angeles, Boston, and Philadelphia. Scranton, Wilkes-Barre, Pittston, Hazleton, and many of the neighboring boroughs are choking too. The automobile is a concern of our region. The full impact of the dominance of the automobile on the city was not impressed upon the urban conscience until after World War II. The increasing dominance of this form of transportati on was accompanied by expansion of metropolitan areas and a sharp decline of public mass transit service. Roads, highways, and parking spaces simply couldn’t keep pace with the growing number of vehicles. Urban transportation problems mounted to crisis proportions, and urban renewal programs aggravated the condition. Time has proven that the initial, and still thedominant, method of meeting the transportation problem was not only wrong, but self-defeating. The logic was that if more and more vehicles entered the city, more and more highways must be built. This was the approach of the federal government in the 1949 urban renewal program which had as one of its major goals an increase in central city access by the automobile and the new urban freeway. Since alleviation of the chronic urban traffic crisis required r tremendous capital resources beyond the capacity of states and local urban areas, only stop-gap measures were instituted at the local level. Downtown sheets were redesignated one-way to allow greater raJc flow; vertical parking garages were built; parking eythorities were established to keep parked cars off a|or streets; special bus lane reservations were ass'8ned; and even computerized traffic control systems re developed. These measures, mostly short range nature, cou|(j not, however, keep pace with t e easing traffic difficulties. to tu?eLfederal government in the mid-fifties stepped in t0 fill the tbe gap in state and local financial resources y f«t by Hnking cit es h °US'y succe^ful engineering advantage of thP"t0Wn bUSineSS interests’ ea^ take which would Sener°usu federal grants for highways pressed for ttract saburban residents to central city, new hithw m°re freeways- The result was that the an^ 'g 7yS were actually squeezing more cars, goods, and people into the central city area, and, in effect creating more traffic problems for the renewed residential and central business district areas. The new roads also encouraged low density sprawl which has adversely affected the physical, social, environmental and economic forms of our major cities. These negative developments were the very trends which urban renewal was attempting to change, or at least slow down, in an effort to save the vitality and the tax base or the central city. Accompanying the increasing personal mobility by private cars which resulted from rising national affluence, was a drastic decline of urban mass transit systems. The mania for building more and more access roads accelerated this decline by diverting travel into and out of cities from the discomfort of deteriorating mass transit facilities to the privacy and convenience of the personal vehicle. The dismal plight of mass transit is well-known. Major railroads have eliminated or cutback passenger services, adding countless former riders to the family of automobile commuters. The Long Island Railroad into New York is bogging deeper into distress despite Governor Rockefeller’s promise to make it the best commuter service in the world. New York's subways are bursting at the seams. Septa, serving the Philadelphia area, is on the brink of bankruptcy. In our own region, a privately owned transit system is in such dire straits that it recently offered its franchise to Lackawanna County and/or the city of Scranton — with no takers to date. There are a few promising signs that at long last the decision-makers recognize the expansion and improvement in mass transit as the only antidote to the private car syndrome. The federal Department of Transportation is developing programs to encourage state and local efforts in this direction. The Commonwealth of Pennsylvania changed its Pennsylvania Department of Highways to the Pennsylvania Department of Transportation (Penndot), indicating some shift in emphasis from exclusive construction of highways in the direction of promoting mass transit. The city of Washington has scheduled a metro rapid rail system, and Boston has completed a subway service improvement program costing about four million dollars. San Francisco is building a new rapid transit system, known as the Bay Area Rapid Transit Authority (BART), the first of its kind in over fifty years in this country. Unfortunately, these examples simply highlight the widespread inaction throughout the nation There is recognition, at least among experts, that the g m rhe transportation crisis is a desirable mix answer private transport facilities to help STealthy urban communities which meet the.require­ ■ hty. The question is ments of modern population. mob, balanced mix. The answers iust how to attain such a c----------range from encouraging voluntary use of public mass �transit facilities by making them more comfortable, parking facilities. The alarming fact is that although the primacy .of action on the mass transit problem is fully recogrzed and the technological tools are available, decision­ makers are still indecisive, at times working at cross­ purposes, and powerful special interest groups are erecting threatening barriers to effective mass transit policies and programs. Congress continues to play games with meaningful mass transportation legislation, but was recently quite hasty in renewing the federal Highway Trust fund for road construction for another five years. In Pennsylvania, the transportation aspect of the new Penndot is receiving slow and grudging attention, and, in fact, the constitutionality of using liquid fuels funds for other than highway construction and maintenance is being challenged by the construction industry and motor clubs. There appears to be little, or at best occassional, attention to the problem of mass transportation in urban areas of northeastern Pennsylvania. In order to stimulate appropriate interest and action, the Institute of Regional Affairs has done some preliminary research into the need for regional transportation improvement, but a strong catalyst is needed to translate the need into a solution Perhaps realization that the future of every community ma>berethatncatealysiS UP°" tranSportati°n WHN CARS WILL BE AROUND AWHILE Expansion of mass transit is i -------inevitable, but don’t get panicky that your car will soon be obsolete. Henry Ford II has the following word of comfort: "Mass transportation in certain areas is certainly a necessity, but if you think mass transportation is going to replace the automobile, I think you’re whistling ‘Dixie’ or taking pot." CARS, CARS, CARsj |t appears that at least some hard-nosed see no hope that the grave urgency 'nf-°r or ed PeW development will outweigh the strong emotin, .Z mass t?lsts ment of people for their own personal cars, -Jna| -,,ariS[t nothing short of complete frustration 7 1 '’ They„ ‘acL for thoSeP > planners who see mass transit as the city’; ' run "For I looked into the future Far as human eyes can see; ^TxvmTNoZs Saw a vision of the world RetUrn Postage Guaranteed WILKES COLLEGE^ WILKES-BARRf And all the wonder that would be. Saw the freeway filled with traffic, No mass transit, only cars 200 million Fords and Chevys, The urban planners drunk in bars.” IN THE LIBRARY PARKS AND RECREATION — National Recreation Association — A publication —concert and with ' ' imorovemenr improvement of nf park —J and recreational facilitii concerned programs, <and leisure time activities. ----ies, PASSENGER TRANSPORT - A... _. — American Transit Association — The weekly newspaper of the wper of the transit industry. PENNSYLVANIA BUSINESS SURVEY’ — Center for '"""'Z___ ^.wci Research of the C ” College of _Business Administration, Penn State University — A .zoroi— * magazine of economic activity in Pennsylvania. THOUGHTS FOR TODAY A hypocrite is a man who writes a man who writes book praising atheism, then prays that it will sell well. Only successful men admit they are self-made. men ,RA newsletter w'lkeS.Barre, Pa. |8703 NEWS-LETTER This prognosis is reflected in a in the New York Times: Non-Profit Organization U. S. POSTAGE PAID Wilkes-Barre, Pa. Permit No. 355 OMNIBUS crime control funds Pennsylvania expects to receive $20.8 mi Ilion in planning and Action grants for the fiscal /ear 1971, according to information released by the Governor’s justice Commission. When the Law Enforcement Assistance Agency (LEAA) approves the State’s 1971 Comprehensi ve Plan for the improvement of Criminal Justice, which -----------, „ui(_h was recently submitted to Washington, Pennsylvania will be in a position to receive $19.5 million in action monies under Title I of the Omnibus Crime Control and Safe Streets Act for the fiscal year ending next June 30. Thus far $1,278,000 in planning monies has been awarded. The Federal Act requires that 75 per cent of all action grants be distributed r to units of local general government. The remaining 25 per > per cent is reserved for use as discretionary funds by , the -.a Governor’s Justice Commission. Pennsylvania received $10.5 million in Safe Streets money during the calendar ) r year 1970. This compares with $1.4 million received in - ,— .---------- — ,,1 the first year of operation. Juvenile i .. Delinquency r, .. and drug abuse are arc among the u.c principal 1971 targets in the State’s Comprehensive Plan. As in the past, police departments will receive the largest amount under the Plan, but prevention and control of juvenile delinquency will receive a record of 54,185,155. Earmarked for prevention of crime is 51.494,148 with $884,063 of this sum aimed at preven­ tion and treatment of drug and alcohol abuse. The expected total grant for 1971 exceeds last year’s by about $9 million. The Northeast Region has been allocated $50,000 in planning monies for fiscal and $l,6|| ,390 in action funds for the same period. CAN PRIVATE INDUSTRY RESTORE our cities? a Pubhc Lectors American free enterprise are taking “robber h 6at'^ reminiscent of the attacks against the the focu"005 ’ °^ the late nineteenth century. Currently, resPonsih i°f public charges and indignation is on the Water vPrivate industry for pollution of air and land, aduV^ natural resources and despoliation of Consunlers,:erat:'on food and drugs, and deception of The e~ engu|fj areaa have - for Pr°blems urban and metropolitan or|g been attributed largely to private penna. MAY 15, 1971 industry’s attitude of "profit without social conscience.” Blamed for the creation and uncontrolled development of the city, corporate enterprise has been further castigated for handing its "dirty mess” to government for urban rehabilitation at public expense. The fact that the titles alone of government programs on behalf of urban areas at the federal, state, and local levels, fill an impressive volume attests both to the magnitude of the problem and the intense, though fragmented, £— effort C. of government to substitute for private default. There is, however, increasing skepticism of govern­ ment programs. Some of it may be attributed to American impatience to get things done in a hurry. Critics contend that bureaucratic restrictions, the influence of special interest groups, and the reluctance of voters to support funding at the local level dooms government effort to certain failure. President Nixon’s proposal of a New Federalism”, under which much responsibility for meeting urban problems would be returned to the state and local level, at least indicates some admission of failure of federal action. The growing demand for revenue-sharing without restrictions is being challenged by those who doubt the competence of state and local governments to do any better on their own. Governor Rockefeller's "Creative Federalism” reflects a doubt that even federal, state, and local cooperation alone can solve the city’s problems without all-out cooperative contribution by the private sector. Rockefeller’s introduction of private enterprise into the urban attack team represents a real turn in direction, because it reflects at least a partial response to the public charge of corporate irresponsibility. It goes only part way, however, since most of the burden would doubtless still fall on government, and private effort would still be subject to all the restrictions of partner­ ship with government. Industry’s optimum contribution might be to apply the full and independent thrust of the free enterprise system to urban problems, stimulated by the profit motive, but with a social conscience. Regardless of the reader’s position on the social responsibility or irresponsibility of private industry in the past, it appears reasonable to say that the intensity and urgency of urban problems presents an interesting challenge to private enterprise at its current stage of development. The question is “can private industry with its financial resources and technology provide the models and guidelines for resolving problems of troubled metropolitan areas when governments have been unable to do so?” �institute VOL. XVIII OF REGIONAL NEWSLETTER may 15, 1971 AFFAIRS NO. 5 ____, published monthly as a This News-letter, publ^eo Institute of .. .3 News-letter^institute ■ — originates 'unity.service.or community service or 1ginate gina csoiiege Notes .and of Wilkes C; Regional Affairs Idd^essed ,, ssed to to Director, Director, Institute inquiries may be add' Co||ege, W||kes. ac-. - b:...zl Attain. Affairs Of Regional Pennsylvania free upon request. The uniqueness of the project lies in for businessmen to help resolve social urbanized society outside of the frani^ ment. The hope is that because of j ■” private financial resources, the business c 'e||an^ act with a speed and despatch denied the n■■'unity 'Unih processes. g°Ve'f co Pr°bleJtuS ork S°ing°neal exampl >11>r|e of contemporary confusion was edition of the Chicago Tribune A d in the February F ' mammoth lammoth Chicago Auto Show. was a box on “Show Facts” which said place, the site of the show, was from "the th Loop . . • easily accessibly by car. 1 1 "minut®® taxioftai' ' next column, the headline stated "Cars Jam ln the the next e to Auto Show”. It reported a huge traffic ive Going Going ro mj|es around McCormick Place. Police ■tending !• iam ernal!y forced to cdivert traffic off Lake Shore -■ Drive, f'noar 'kefront major lakefront artery. the major lI the same edition offered some remedial Luckily the same LUCk'dations. The editorial opposed proposed .ecommendations, recommen^o;t,|at.on |imiting tOp speed of cars to 95 federal legislation But there was a more subtle message miles per hour, veterans of traffic jams. The editorial to the numerous, that “The real purpose of the automobile, said further that some of our legislators and government and it seems have forgotten this, is mobility. Anything we employees h: -s mobility is unmistakenly a backward do that reduces be vigorously resisted”. step and must Apparently the first step in our drive to increase y would therefore be to get rid of the big auto mobility v.— the second step be far show. Once C— this is done, can behind? WHN PENNSYLVAN IA New towns certainly are not a new idea Th has been in practice in Europe for many years'* B°nCept e.cnson, Associate ExtenAccording to Rosaline Levenson^ Public Service, University Institute of sion Professor, and business leaders of Connecticut, — corporate of Coniieuu^u., r-----J are willing to raise Hartford believe it is possible__and towns are anew program in Pennsylvania, and the n'ne" ment of Community Affairs has done an excellent ^k"' localizing the concept for use in this state. One f °f their conviction. nearly five million dollars to test t The basis or mis vemu.», the first of ['s kind in 'he The basis of this venture, United States, is a six-month study titled The Hartford Process” completed in 1970. The study was financed best publications we have seen on the subject hash ' published by the Departmentundertitle "NewCommunit"" for Pennsylvania, which can be secured from the Public* by the Greater Hartford Corporation formed in 1967 oy leaders of some twenty Hartford Area firms to finance and promote long talked-about change in Connecticut s capitol city and its environs. It warned that the Greater Hartford area, like others in the nation, was faced with "the double-edged threat of unplanned suburban sprawl and uncontrolled deterioration of its central older cities.” It found that government agencies develop policies and programs with goals limited exclusively to problems in deteriorated neighborhoods and then plan suburban development in such a way that it hurts, rather than helps, the very urban center it is dependent upon for its economic, cultural, and social life. The new towns concept is analyzed from Europe to the United States and finally in the state of Pennsylvania The report is optimistic. It envisions new towns in Pennsylvania achieving genuine social integration long before established communities. It recommends that a new state agency be formed with powers to lend or use state funds for new town development, to take land where necessary, to direct local government during development, and to buy or sell land as needed. The report found a fundamental fault in the usual public approach to municipal innovations under which each public agency acts independently of other public agencies, without considering the effect on all other local functions. The Corporation is examining all public services in the Capitol region to see how they relate to each other - how housing, for example, affects public health, education, welfare, and transportation. It is then setting standards which represent the wants or desires ’T rnrthe regiOn' ComP'ehensive model plans for each of four types of community areas will to eacehPatryPeW Pr°blemS in WayS aPPropriate actual urban development plans is Jo be finT^'°f privately organized redPVAinn t0 be fmanced by a all financing will be with priva^fundTThed011, corporation will be permitted m u th develoPment individual projects as the market wm he mUCAh Pr°fit °n profits, however, will nor on u ' dear- Anticipated wi" used to finance aevens’hf°lders but’ ia®tead, Provide residents who feel " L. n rfortumLor c°“ncil to of !'fe in Hartford and the ° °f the "^"Stream Participating in community dec W'th means of voice known. Y decisions and making their tions division of the Department. OLD TWIST IN development of new towns in the nation. Currently five new town projects are developing with Punishments for criminal offenses against persons or property obviously are more humane than those inflicted in Babylonia under the Code of Hammurabi nearly four thousand years ago. Based upon the principle °f an eye for an eye”, punishment of the offender was loans guaranteed under that program. One of the principe difficulties encountered is that old cities who desue^ participate in the new town program do not have su ici vacant land available within their juris 1C'' boundaries. There is considerable interest in exp extremely harsh. If a man destroyed the eye of another, ' e eye of the offender was also destroyed. If a son struck his father, the son’s fingers were cut off. If a . oct°r operated on a patient with a bronze lancet, caushm|j's death, the doctor’s fingers were also cut off. If a ®r constructed an unfirm house which collapsed and Pun^k'tS 0Wner> the builder was put to death too. Such has S ment certainly took care of the offender, but, as the possibility of acquiring a new town site on . of metropolis, even though not contiguous to boundary. In the Toledo new town, the Ohio eg land ten permitted the city to annex non-contiguous 5eq-tTiS' new towns. for litt|e”tnera"y been the case into modern times, it gave angible satisfaction to the victim. j as '• codeCta?|57’ a new amendment to Pennsylvania's penal This new possibility is not as farappears. Cities have annexed land for an harbor using shoestring corridors to meet mee a requirement of continuity. wan'10 The federal act now provides f°rrcideSJwn .r OlR’ Si/,' build new communities “in town”. 'n , Perhaps some of the new cities will be cities. • NEW LAW There's little consolation in seeing a criminal punished for theft or injury to your person or property if you, the victim, are not compensated by return of the injury. Yet, that’s about the best the innocent victim could expect under Pennsylvania’s penal code until a recent amendment recognized that he should be entitled to more than the satisfaction of seeing his offender behind bars. The publication is of timely interest because in February of 1972 the President will send to Congress his first report on Urban Growth, which is required every two years by the HUD Act of 1970. The report will undoubtedly include progress information on the miles away to assure giving the town an ac- , system. This would indicate that it is ius^ nrral t0 central step to permit such “skip-annexation for all municipal purposes, of non-contiguou r J purposes, . confusion . that feeling that no one really knows what’s gver 8et If the "Hartford Process” fails to meet its 'chief loss \A/nnld would hp be nriwatprivate biectiv.( i_!_r lz-.eeacap"tai'7° ______ the administrations would topple; no elected “No would end; and, no taxpayers’ group d°>l careers ■ ” ” If the project is successful Uld show its wrath. „ _____ the prototype for a new role of prjv^C°uldWen become t in urban rehabilitation. te mdUs NEW TOWNS IN ^temporary ' injury , g last g'lves a break to the victim of criminal cr'|ninal>r (C°SS of ProPerty. It compels restitution by Cr'nies °.fenders to the victims of crimes of violence, to perSo6ainst P'°Perty, crimes of fraud, and for injuries and property. It provides that any person a crime involving theft or damage to property '"I«, K a Person may be sentenced not only to im author^es1’sentench^ Ke/T'^0"/0 T Victim‘ lt Position of the offender and the , dT 1116 financial to set appropriate arrangements for restiwt^on be extendeT'by' SM* Victim Mansfield has prooos^ government. Senator Mike victims of criminal vinle e8'slat'on to compensate federal Violen ChL A ’ Under his Pr°PosaL a uerai violent Crime Compensation Commission rather than a sentencing judge as in Pennsylvania would make d rect awards to victims of injuries suffered in the course , , , Crlmes, committed within federal jurisdiction In addition, the bill would provide block grants to states to underwrite similar compensation commissions at the sLate i evel. This consideration for the victim is hailed as a step forward in criminal justice, but the new law is really only a slight twist in Hammurabi's harsh code. It provided that if a man is robbed on a public street or. highway and the stolen . property is not returned to the victim, the city where the robbery occurred was required to reimburse his loss. WHN NEW LOOK AT CITY AND SUBURB Although confirmation will have to await compre­ hensive analyses based upon the 1970 census, there is considerable preliminary evidence to warrant a new look at commonly held predictions of the economic future of our cities and suburbs. In recent decades, the increasing economic disadvantages in central cities created trends which added up to despair for their future. A common picture emerged of central cities populated by lowincome families, with a small proportion of very highincome families, and a high concentration of poor black population. The cities were surrounded by what was pictured as comfortable thinly populated suburbs of middle and high-income families. The prognosis indicated inevitable strangulation of the city and a resurgence of the good life in the suburbs. There are some signs to suggest that the trends which produced this pattern may be changing. The old cities may again enjoy a different but definite economic revival, while the may be assuming the .... suburbs _____ s may characteristics and a,, disadvantages of the older cities, It is obvious that the large central cities can no satisfactorily as general-purpose longer function as they did in times past. But with economic systems all taxes, liicic niuoi . concentration of economic activity found in True, those the advantages of c. ------- 1 can offer are either leaving or the first place. the possible economic Perhaps the the answer to the fact that they are of the central city is resurgence •a function and. are their general-purpose Declines in many types of abandoning becoming more specialized. offset by substantial gams in ,3 activities, such as banking, educational �LIB OCT 7 W in the library service firms that supply these growing This specialization in services is growing manufacturing 'rapidly in the older, larger, established urban activities.^ than ■■in the younger, smaller ones While the more rr central cities are experiencing rapid growth in centers j, „iost economic activities, economic specia ization younger bemeexpected to increase as they mature. all or On the other hand, inner-suburbia densities are can t- approaching those of the central cities for a variety of reasons. Many of the economic activities which cannot thrive within the disadvantages of the central city have located or relocated in the outlying areas or suburbs. The attractions of employment, better education, etcetera, are drawing many of the white and nonwhite low-income people to at least the inner parts of suburbia. While black population in the suburbs increased at an annual rate of only 0.7 per cent from 1959 to 1966, it jumped to a rate of 8.0 per cent in the next two years. An even greater movement of low-income whites has occurred with the rise in their incomes. In Massachusetts, for example, there are now more poor in the state’s suburbs than in its central cities, and the suburban share is said to be growing fast. □avid L. Birch, writing for the Committee for Economic Development, suggests that because of such changing trends the central-city crises of the 1960’s may well appear as the suburban crises of the 1970’s Thus, the cumulative effect of economic and residential changes will be to transfer many of the present problems of the central cities to the suburbs, especially the inner suburbs. As this shifting of economic activities and population continues, the pressures on all parts of the governmental system will be immense local governments world be wise to prepare for the develop. greatest at the\o“. Wi" be PENNSYLVANIA SCHOOL BOARDS Weekly service for educators articles legislation and and other other -------- on legislation school to school administrators. administrators. ASSn with ClAT|Ohl is‘ ,r, ,nton»» fortl ’N’x i«? ss esUes of Of c atl'on WILKES COLLEGE, WILKES-BARRE^ PENNA.' THOUGHTS FOR JUNE 15, 1971 today He who polished the apple in school will polish the brass at work. pr°bab|y Tax credit is a way of luring private er.tr endteisPribei^ the ghetto. The political principle involved j’ " r'n that(he way to solve the problems of the poor is to giv t0 glVe money to the rich. When a duck flies upside down it quacks up SEE YOU AT THE ANNUAL DINNER MAY 25th WHN IRA NEWSLETTER Institute of Regional Affairs Wilkes College Wilkes-Barre, Pa. 18703 Non-Profit Organization U. S. POSTAGE PAID Wilkes-Barre, Pi Permit No. 355 Return Postage Guaranteed newsletter PUBLIC MANAGEMENT - International rAssociation monthly magazine devT^ tyMar Manat. science of public administration. ted aq 111 ~ art PLANNING NEWS — A newsletter a,lli concerning t. and redevelopment techniques ■n New York state6 ANNUAL awards dinner n three hundred local government officials, bdore than t md their guests from throughout the Northeast employees’a?" region attended the Nineteenth Annual Pennsylvania sponsored by the Institute of Regional Awards dinner Wilkes College on May 25th. The affair, Affairs at 1 Philip R- Tuhy, Associate Director of the arranged by of Regional Affairs, marked the close of the Institute, c. „ 3 most successful year of short courses in a Institute's r of local government service areas. variety c. ■Francis J. Michelini, President of Wilkes College, •• ---- --------- 1 I _ _------- l_ r— _ I I ■ welcomed the guests and introduced Joseph F. Gallagher, Esq., Solicitor of Newport Township and Wyoming Borough, who 'served as master of ceremonies for the nineteenth consecutive year. The principal address was given by A. L. Hydeman, Jr., Executive Deputy Secretary, Department of Community Affairs who spoke on the Department’s dedication to making local government more viable by rendering a wide range of services to both large and small communities in the Commonwealth. An abstract of the address is included in this issue of the NEWS-LETTER. The principal purpose of the Annual Dinner is the presentation of awards for special or distinguished service and for completion of short courses conducted by the Institute with the cooperation of the Public Service Institute of the Pennsylvania Department of Education. Fred H. Miller, Executive Director of the Public Service Institute, and a native of WiIkes-Barre, presented nearly 700 Certificates of Attainment for course completions. President Michelini, assisted by fbilip r. Tuhy, presented fifty Service Awards to 0 icials and employees of communities throughout a multi-county area representing several hundred years ° mer|torious service to their respective local govern­ ments. IRA tQSthC'a' bronze Plaque, awarded annually by the “utstand'31 'nc*‘v'dual in the region who has contributed communit"2 Service t0 ttle cause of local government or Chief^ was given to Thomas Garrity, himself kes50r’ buzerne County, who has distinguished assessment 'locally oca"y and nationally in the field of ^Peci al 'ate DirectreCO§n't'on was given Dr. Hugo V. Mailey, ?,resentatj0°r tbe 'nstltute of Regional Affairs, by 'He lactic ?.Mrs- Mailey of a silver tray inscribed ciassr°orn ,,e i? the community what he taught in the r 80 v-Mail The tray wil1 be P|aced in a sPecial °^ege. Th memorial room to be established by the e Presentation was made by Robert Parker, Public Relations Director, Greater Wilkes-Barre Chamber of Commerce, and a member of the Executive Committee of the Professional Public Relations Association in whose name the award was made. Mrs. Mailey was accompanied by her brother and sister-in-law, Mr. and Mrs. Michael Barone of Bryn Mawr. The Reverend William W. Reid, Central Methodist Church, Wilkes-Barre, gave the invocation and benediction. oca wants to help The following address was delivered bv A I Hydeman, Jr. Executive Deputy Secretary, Pennsylvania Department of Community Affairs, at the Annual Dinner on May 25 °f Reglonal Affairs of Wilkes College I d like to speak to you today about the activities of the Department of Community Affairs and its desire and availability to help your local governments. It has occurred to me how strange and almost absurd it is to be explaining what the functions and activities of our Department are. And lately, whenever I think of anything that's absurdly silly and yet dreadfully important, I find myself thinking about the Penn Central Railroad. I’m sure that all of us have laughed - perhaps with an unexpressed sense of dread about its importance but we have laughed at the Penn Central. And the most amusement was created by the announcement some time ago that that railroad had been missing over a hundred freight cars for more than a year without noticing it. My reason for remembering this incident was that it occurred to me that the Department of Community Affairs has for too long remained about as unnoticed and unknown as those missing freight cars, and for much the same reason. Penn Central owned so many freight cars and had such a wide field of activities that those cars would easily go unnoticed. And if Penn Central has what we consider to be a wide range of activities, what then should we say about the scope of activities of the federal, state and local governments. It is easy to understand how one governmental agency can go unnoticed while operating in this maze. But I believe that DCA should be of greater interest local communities but also co-ordinating relatively unique way o state and |oca| and instituting the . ns an’d attacks upon the = our activities are �Of course, emergency situations such ac one do not comprise our day-to-day work ?pittSK misconception that seems to exist jn’ and DCA in no way concentrates its attention^, ‘ft’ AFFAIRS - OF REGIONAL institute NEWSLETTER JUNE 16, >971 VOL. XVIII NO. 6 a of and Notes f. This News-letter, "ty a?r.vl“’/JX communin' Wi ikess College. Regional Affairs of Wi Ik^ to Director, Ins it e Addressed inquiries may be ac_. Wilkes College, Wilkes of Regional Affairs Barre, Pennsylvania 18703. Subscription free upon request. the major same time from Old assistance cities of the Commonwealth n°lely, ' period, for instance, we received r'n8 Forge Borough in Lackawannaga in preparing a complex app|j Co< s' under the Federal Highway Safety Act. W problem - it needed a community ambu|anr B°r°Ughcase Our Scranton Office quickly compile th®' In fe that were required by the application, to Dro Stat'stic emergency vehicle would serve highway nee? thatUie as the community. The Borough's app|irjL.as Well accepted, and it received 50 percent of the c °n *'as the ambulance from the Federal government. °st °f the Regardless of the complexity or severit problem, or the size of the local govern™/ departments, but in our structure. ------ t is that our What is unique about our Department carried out services to local governments are being t through five regional offices - the one for this region is located in Scranton. Through the regional office we offer communities an immediately available technical staff expert in the areas of planning, housing, recreation, manpower, manpower training and development, and urban renewal, and we offer them a better channel of communications with other state agencies, thereby cutting down on red tape. Let me give you an example of our regional service at its best. When our Department was only two years old, a week long riot broke out in Pittsburgh's Hill District following the April 4, 1968 assassination of Doctor Martin Luther King. After this riot, the District was not only filled with charred ruins but the people were filled with profound shock as they faced the prospect of rebuilding their homes, their places of work. There was much to be done, but resources were needed. Historically, the Department of Community Affairs had no place in a situation such as this, but our regional director in Pittsburgh, who had been in touch with local officials throughout the emergency felt that the Depart­ ment should do something. He was a man who was acutely aware of the terrible conditions under which the people of the Hill District had lived for decades. The regional director had the idea that funds allocated cou d h? VCLtered reneWal pr°iects in Pittsburgh the other “nS°lldakted and used fot renewal on the HiH hid 1 pr0)ects be,n& refended later. The Department we’re assisting, Community Affairs emphasi Wllicl’ thing: that we exist to improve the delivery of^ °"e mental services to communities. We feel th S°Ve"1important that we in no way take over the responsihi'L'1 of local government - but simply strengthen its I't5 to solve its own problems. aD1|ity Our central offices in Harrisburg also v._, work towards this goal. There we have the same kinds of . technical experts who staff our regional offices, and those experts work on the same myriad of problems. ___ In fact,_each regional office is a microcosm of the Harrisburg offices DCA is divided into five main program bureaus which sometimes directly assist local communities and sox! some times work with the regional offices in their assistance to communities. The Bureau of Local Government Services provides local governments with advice and assistance regarding the many legal and administrative problems they encounter. Through trained consultants, the Bureau of Human Resources deals with the economic educational, social and cultural development of com­ munities through the administration of the anti-poverty program - the Federal Economic Opportunity Act monies and state programs. The fields of housing, redevelop­ ment and recreation are administered by our Bureau of Community Programs. Our Bureau of Research and Program Development offers administrative guidelines to those involved in the work of local governments (including our other bureaus) and provides i^ormal^| means and research to local governments. Fina y, Bureau of Community Planning helps local Sovarn, ,kair and thei' plan how to use all federal and state programs <own resources for their future development. - ..r Depa'1' I must mention one other subdivision of our, Cities. ment - the Office of Model Cities/Partner Ctj fedora' office deals with the complex and wide range . program Model Cities and the State Partner Cities dea! - relations but it helped to oueH State/community aa7pelessnessinE^th:tdiXi: edeSPair one is -t Depanmeni's ri(j ’ inte;nS two programs that require a great < mental and inter-governmental cooperation^and draw up the renewal plans The^niCal exPertise to only establishing a new pJecSen^016Ct ended Up not * “n« - t reveals - and ! might add, ”d rrL°,na"y Ver? P^d «-r its services th« office’s main function is to encourage develop this needed coordination. he|ptl jiii Im certain that everyone here tonight g Wilkes-Barre is a Model City and that h $^1 recreation are the principal components. a« few hear about - the Department o ciIy Affairs provided almost $90,000 to help |oCal/5' Its matching fund, $400,000 as part °’ jeX renewal project, $60,000 for a modular hous tlon Project, and $300,000 for recreation. kind of involvement in the Model Cities But this tm- nOt mean that DCA’s interest is confined does ogrart1 arher than than the kind of smaller communities Pr ccit ies, here tonight represent. In fact, it is itie s’ 'ra of y° u '°hich'i man/ "ianye t0 assist local communities regardless of to ’ objecti; 6 *r °b!e || the problems confronting them. with all, the size W' two main reasons for my coming here of the k to you was to give you an idea of how One . to speak local communities and what they assist assists I The “what” is at once simple and complex, pCA with- •st communities with all of their problems and them ' --aSS'i functions. This scope is reflected in the for we even r-n°r,OCA has channeled approximately $20 million -n alone. So while answering a question faCt that JJs U region pXf'with an answer of “everything” may seem to it is not. bean ex.,'aggeration, —rat. of the picture that I haven't mentioned is Onerfaa|ways responds responds rather rather than than initiates. initiates. That that DC 'n p(_essary for necessary for the the local local community community to to seek seek our almost goes without saying that we want help- And 11 communities as possible. to help as many things full circle, you can see why the So to bring ’ problem of our IDepartment not being well known is as serious as the IPenn Central problems. We can offer a only if we’re asked. So if you here great deal, but tonight spread the word and perhaps even ask for assistance yourself, you II be helping us to help. | mentioned that I had two main reasons for coming here to speak to you today. My second reason was to congratulate all of you upon completion of your courses here at the Institute. Those congratulations are well deserved. In closing I would like to make one specific state­ ment about the kinship of Wilkes College and its Institute of Regional Affairs and our Pennsylvania DCA. Our Department is one of the State's youngest but we are dedicated primarily to assist local governments throughout the Commonwealth so that they can be better equipped to serve as viable units of government in America. This has been and still remains, I am sure, the most important objective of the Institute of Regional Affairs at Wilkes College. The late Hugo Mailey founded the Institute for this specific purpose many years ago and then gave the best of his life to expand and improve the services. We in the DCA are well aware of the work done by Dr. Mailey. I am told that this is the 19th straight year this annual dinner has been held to honor 'cials, employees, and outstanding citizens who have completed special courses of study at the Institute. ere can be no doubt of Dr. Mai ley’s influence on local anjernment in tble entire Commonwealth. Wilkes College suo ltS 'nst'tute have stood at the head of the list of thisP°rtnrS °d 'oca' government since the inception of comm"0 ■ e' Th® future of the Commonwealth and local he|D In,a^airs depend on a greater degree of such ofHiohari|'t ^as 'n tbe Past- Since many institutions Xour i er bearning seem to be moving in other directions, loya| nsntute of Regional Affairs has not only stood into thf r'tS primary cause but it has set its sight far tbe dir! UtUre' We hope that Dr. Mailey’s influence on 'twin rCtl0.n of the Institute will never wane and that '°ca| q°ntinue to be the leader of the cause for better 80Vemment in the State. ftCORD COURSE COMPLETIONS officials and employees wanneftMrOgramme for lo«' °f Attainment were awarded Lon ear". Certlficates dCrawPnefrom record was set in ! 968 when the -mber of ogi^S-af^-^K Init^alf''naif3 haVe al1 grown consistently itially, participants were nearly all from the area immediately ad,acent to Wilkes-Barre. Today they region aTd °f C°UntieS in the Northeastern region, and are beginning to come from areas beyond. In the nineteen years in which the Institute of Regional Affairs and the Public Service Institute of the State Department of Education have cooperated in conducting courses and awarding certificates, 4,429 individuals Ihave -----voluntarily participated■ in local government self-improvement r - ------- 1 courses not otherwise available. Courses for each year are chosen on the basis of demand and need by the IRA and the PSI after discussions with governmental and community leaders involved in the various fields. The Institute of Regional Affairs selects instructors from the College staff or from those individuals outside of the College who are properly qualified. Instructors are compensated mainly by the Public Service Institute, but also in part by the College. IRA most frequently establishes the course outlines, while Certificates of Attainment are awarded by the Public Service Institute provided its standards are met. Course Advanced Assessors Advanced Communications Advanced Secretaries Instructors Thomas Garrity Albert Spunar Walter H. Niehoff Anthony Broody Walter E. Wint Auxiliary Police Basic Communications Albert Spunar Ambulance Attendant Civil Defense Operations Nicholas H. Souchik Collective Bargaining Atty. David Koff Fire Apparatus Maintenance Raymond McGarry Fire Ground Strategy B. J. Gross Light Duty Rescue (Hazleton) Thomas Bast Light Duty Rescue (Wilkes-Barre) Medical Self Help Principles of Urban Renewal and Housing B. J. Gross Anthony Broody Philip R. Tuhy Edward Heiselberg Number Completions 16 9 13 131 36 15 14 20 19 139 25 24 63 35 Robert Betzler 7 Radiological Monitoring John Sulcoski 89 7 Small Arms Township and Borough Auditors E. Cleaver Geist Public Works EquL John W. Lowe 27 �TOP THIS? CAN YOU . lontaneous eruption of a thrill annual dinner of the Institute, it If ever there was a sp< and applause at any a. of Mrs. Ruth Ritter Gordon was of IRA Service Awards. As occurred when the name called during presentation the front, she received the she wended her way to The spring in her walk and the .'.-s to come .... an applause given no other, belied what followed was t by a sudden ,J— smile on her lips b_-co, fa"-' instant of absolute silence, reached "and a the citation City of thunderous ovation when t, service to the total of 49 years of public Bethlehem”. Mrs. Gordon didn’t even It seemed unbelievable! Suggested for all true. look like 49 years! Yet,s iti ra/ was v. H. Gordon Payrow, Jr., the award by Bethlehem s Mayor a "natural" for her jobs. he has proclaimed her ; i her career as city Secretary on Mrs. Gordon u.4., began _... months after James M. Yeakle June 19, 1922, sixserved 7'/i years under the latter’s •. She became mayor. ■■■"r period under Mayor administration, the entire 20 year ■> under Mayor Earl E. Schaffer, Robert Pfeifle, 12 years the tenth year of the Payrow and continues into th; administration. ■City’s Girl Friday”, fitted by her She is called the long experience to fill almost any position when the of City Hall, just about occasion requires. In or out c, .—, everyone knows Ruth and she has kept the peoples pulse. And little wonder - she presents the picture that she likes to work. The variety of her jobs in 49 years, ranging from unofficial librarian collecting and cataloguing news clippings in three-inch scrapbooks to being secretary to four mayors, shows that she knows the government of Bethlehem inside and out. But government is also in her blood. Her paternal grandfather, Reuben Ritter, was a commissioner of Northampton County in 1891-1893, and her maternal grandfather, Wilson Hoffert, served on Bethlehem’s City Council from 1889-98. Her family history dates back to the 1700’s and undoubtedly contains many undisclosed servants like herself. According to Mayor Payrow, “if there is a job to be done, ask Ruth!" According to Mayor Payrow, Mrs City Hall intending to stay a v’ Gordo, v,uraon f. turned out to be 49 years 7 Or or s c 0 St c,. other major positions which she fin/" additi? and oi --‘■e "served a stint” Of 27 dur'ng th to ? □f years, she “served a stint” of 27 yea"8 <'h( Board assistant secretary Board Secretary; Secretary; assistant secretary offyear thfiSs as a* ZOri’’ to j” addVtio7<s NEWS-LETTER Commission, and for a t.me recorder at poliCe\6c<! About eightyears ago, there was a pressingand.he*ri?’ need for a secretary in the city inspection '^i ' naturally. Ruth filled the bill. Ct'°"s <<>« IRA salutes Mrs. Gordon for a lifetime of service to her home town government and for h» Unse|fish example of citizen involvement. r,nsPirin ^5^22 WILKES COLLEGE, WILKES-BARRE, PENNA. dcA and corporate citizenship IN THE LIBRARY PARKS AND RECREATION - Magazine of the recrpa,. movement published by the National RaJ’1” Association. ea"°" STATE GOVERNMENT NEWS - Published monthly k the Council of State Governments, presenting re« developments and news on the state government level' STATE LEGISLATURE AND PROGRESS REPORTER.. Monthly reporter published by the National Municipal League designed as an aid to citizen’s organization for better government. THOUGHTS FOR TODAY Threatened with loss of his best advertiser unless he retracted a headline reading “Half of Council Crooked”, the editor complied with another which read “Half of Council Honest’’! A taxpayer is a person who doesn’t have to pass a civil service exam in order to work for the government The word “expert” is a combination of twowords“ex”, meaning “has been” and “spurt”, meanings “big drip”. IRA NEWSLETTER Institute of Regional Affairs Wilkes College Wilkes-Barre, Pa. 18703 Non-Profit Organization U. $. POSTAGE Return Postage Guaranteed Wilkes-Barre, P* Permit No. 35 PAID JULY 15, 1971 HoCnsnt7teLfOr C°ntin“ing and expanding these contribu- ,tzen concern for and personal involvement in ° nity affairs is the essence of a democratic society. c0,,inlU perhaps at times of common danger or catastrophe, Excep participation has been largely more a rhetorical Thenge or objective than an actuality. Events of recent Chal if nothing else, reflect a widespread realization year problems once considered essentially personal are 'reality problems of the whole community and require Jhe involvement of all people and the utilization of all rhic r L, nc°uraSes businesses not heretofore active in this field to become actively involved. community resorces. Involved citizenship does not stop with the individual. There is also corporate citizenship. It means that private business and industry which have so much to gain from a healthy and fruitful community climate should bear a direct and active responsibility to contribute their personnel and financial resources to attain and maintain such a climate. Many do so, but good corporate citizen­ ship, like good individual citizenship, lags behind the growth rate of crucial problems in most communities. Administration of the program has been assigned to the Bureau of Human Resources, Department of Community Affairs, to which interested firms may apply for informa­ tion and assistance in establishing specific projects. Regional offices will also participate. Firms in the Northeastern Region should contact Edward Sites, Regional Director, Department of Community Affairs, Room 320, Chamber of Commerce Building, Scranton, Pennsylvania, 18503. Lack of corporate concern and involvement deprives a community of a most potent asset. It leaves a critical gap in the community’s armament for attacking its problems. This gap must be filled. The only question is how to achieve greater corporate involvement as we have individual citizen involvement. The Pennsylvania Department of Community Affairs not only recognizes this gap rhetorically, but it is doing something about it. Its Neighborhood Assistance Program 's designed to stimulate dormant corporate citizenship Y providing substantial financial incentives for involvement and seeks to concentrate corporate effort on the Improvement of conditions in impoverished neighborhoods. vioi°r|ef-t0 encouraSe business and industry not pre­ invok 'nvo'ved t0 do so, and to stimulate increased certapment firms already active, the program allows directlvtaX Credits f°r business firms which participate impov/' T proiects undertaken to improve conditions in c°ntribufShed neigbborhoods. It also allows credits for Organi t°nS made by firms to non-profit Neighborhood »"•- • a lons sponsoring programs designed to alleviate Poverty conditions in such neighborhoods. - to Secretary William H. Wilcox, The ls fully aware that many business firms in -■a been voluntarily contributing money and -,.ity ' prov'de job training, education, and other jP.rev '"Wily entiQn ofrV'Ces and are thereby assisting in the , - "ard - 0 cr'nie, delinquency, and hardship among Q°d Assist bepulation of poverty areas. The Neighborance Act provides them with additional Secretary Wilcox considers the heart of the program he in the concept of "direct involvement” on the part to of busmess and industry in the problem of disadvantaged citizens and their neighborhoods, “calling for active commitments by concerned businesses of financial assistance, of manpower expertise, and, to the greatest extent possible, of their own personal resources”. Enacted in 1967, the Act limited the total tax credits for approved programs throughout the state to $1,750,000, but also provides that this total shall be increased until a maximum of $8,750,000 in any fiscal year is reached. Grants for projects are restricted to “impoverished areas” as certified by the Department according to data derived from Federal census studies and current indices of social and economic conditions. If not already a certified area, the Department may certify a neighborhood to the on the basis of supporting evidence as t;!.. high incidence of poverty conditions submitted with an application. .... firms l ;: — Eligible business are any/ authorized to do Commonwealth and subject to the business in the C~ ---- ---------Corporate Net Income Tax, ;r or a bank, bank and trust company, national bank, savings _ association, mutual savings bank or building and loan associations insurance companies. to e"C0U g impoverished neighborhoods, which will: (I) imProve lmp. • and community (2> siSssu services to individual r jp|jnauency. Education „ (3) scholarincludes any VP« individual who resides I" ship assistance to y . him t0 prepare himself himse.. impoverished area t a Crime Crime prevention prevention includes for better life ‘’PP^/kreduction of crime in such an any activities which wh.ch aid in ' reduction ^duction counselling �akin to those of the Department and w u calling such programs to public attention INSTITUTE OF REGIONAL AFFAIRS institute VOL. XVIII NEWSLETTER JULY 15, 1971 NO. 7 This News-letter, published monthly as a community service, originates in the Institute of Regional Affairs of Wilkes College. Notes and inquiries may be addressed to Director, Institute of Regional Affairs Wilkes College, Wilkes- Barre, Pennsylvania 18703. Subscription free upon request. furnished to any individuals “'^“^^"t^n'that enables xsx ...»»-““i to seek a Skill which makes him employable or able a higher grade of employment. -.a involved in this A business firm desiring to become It may participate program may do so in two ways, directly by furnishing financial assistance, labor, aid in improvement of material, or technical advice to a._ i, or it may “invest" d;.«. services, contributions, or philanthropic gifts to approved Neighborhood Organization involved in Neighborhood improvement. Neighborhood Organizations, within the meaning of the Act, include only those which perform community services in an impoverished area and which also hold from the Internal Revenue Service a ruling that the organization is exempt from income taxation under the Internal Revenue Code. The incentive to corporate participation is the tax credit. Participating firms will receive certain tax credits not to exceed 50 per cent of the total amount invested in approved projects in a given year. Contribu­ tions of personal property are considered appropriate investments under prescribed limitations. Total credit for any given corporation may not exceed $175,000 annually. Taxes for which credit will be granted are the Corporate Net Income Tax, the Mutual Thrift Institutions Tax, Fire or Casualty Insurance Company Tax. Obviously, the most direct and apparent consequence ProgXon PaartlC'Pati0n in ^NeighborhoodAssistance program on a maximum scale will be the u physical improvement of individuals and r ■ and Even more important, perhaps is th! f d C°m™nitlesact of mutual involvement he’ru, th ,fact that the very business firms in a eiven r ' the peoP|e and the eliminate divisiveness 7^°°^ W'H reduce or even whichh frequently results in community inertia. In his address Iress to the Nineteenth Annual IRA Awards dinner in May, A. ... L. Hydeman, Deputy Secretary of the Department of C Community Affairs, likened the public unawareness of .f the Departments many programs of assistance to ccommunities to the fact that the Penn Se"tral Railroad had ^ndreds of railroad .d < been unaware that it has lost nstltute of Regional cars for a long period of time. The I Affairs has objectives very much objecti I renter, Kingston Armory, and the Wilke: cont"°I Headquarters. With the exception of inty . p, Co"11 City p°'freshercourses,the fust session of each The Neighborhood Assistance PrO UX-Lt to community life jn pSrani is •k .tion to community lite in Pennsvl> 3S‘sn>fir ^iol°^Cn start at 7:30 P.M. Information is available “^Northeast aims t®?■?’ a" local directors or the County Civil Defense Northeast in particular, in that it it\" t eSlI of good corporate"^® '$ the'°^oUSe, Wilkes-Barre. full utilization l.::: a" ! to ass'se nlvement in community affairs. The ! Shlp L °aeinative and presents an attainable chalk°8ran' i ' dmaiy ingredients of successful innovation. P WHN ' 8e "tht nffiee’C u Rule for courses for local officials and The 5 ducted annually by IRA and PSI will be The sd ^ployees, co^ forthcoming issue of the Newsletter. e^ -»unced P'°'ced’ ' ann°lince the new cop CIVIL DEFENSE TRAINING SCHEq The Luzerne County Civil Defense Trainin for 1971-72 has been announced by Ferd Scl’edU|e Operations and Training Officer for the Defects ^ndres, Cooperation in this program between the Defens6 r0Uncil 'ncil,' Public Service Institute of the Pennsylvania D "’til, of Education, and the Institute of Regional Aff•Partm f" eii; continue as it has for many years. taif! -:rs Wi|| Announcement of the schedule to the Directors for recruiting purposes was than usual to facilitate the start of a L o... course at Concrete City, owned by Wilkes ......... .. Col|ege, 01 14 July. policemen never really did fit the image of American Kops, but, as older readers remember, the the Keystone tions of the appellation “cop” in bygone days conmlOtted that police officers were not a particularly sug8eSl’ or selective lot. Despite his indispensable gifted ° on. of protecting life and property, the cop of funCt'ryear was frequently considered by much of the y’eSte-he served as too “dumb or lazy” to work, someone had the time or willingness to work "cheap”, or w"° wh0 was inclined to avoid work which required -X0*’ ft. l?" A six-week Small Arms course, available to all graduates of the Auxiliary Police course, will be con. ducted in cooperation with the Wilkes-Barre Police Department and the Institute of Regional Affairs. The Local Director of Hazleton City is introducing an innovation by enrolling volunteers for Shelter Manage­ ment and, upon completion, the enrollees will continue with the Radiological Monitoring course. The course schedule is listed below to assist local directors in recruitment: Course Heavy Duty Rescue Start Weeks Instructor 13 July 71 16 T. Bast Light Duty Rescue 14 July 71 8 B. Gross Auxiliary Police 8 Sept. 71 Shelter Management (Hazleton) 15 Sept. 71 10 Sgt. W. Wint 4 A. Edwards Medical Self Help 24 Sept. 71 8 A. Broody Radiological Monitoring (Hazleton) 14 Oct. 71 8 J. Sul coski Shelter Management 19 Oct. 71 Small Arms Auxiliary Police Radiological Refresher Radiological Refresher Ambulance Attendant Shelter Management (Wilkes-Barre) Radiological Monitoring 4 A. Edwards 6 Capt. J17 Nov. 71 10 Sgt. W. Wint 12 Jan. 72 , Sulcoski 23 Jan.72(AM)2 J . Sulcoski 23 Jan.72(PM)2 J 10 A. Broody I Feb. 72 4 A. Edward 22 Feb. 72 8 J. Sulcoski 16 Mar. 72 Civil Defense Operations 21 Mar. 72 Small Arms 22 Mar. 72 Medical Self Help 24 Mar. 72 Light Duty Rescue 26 Apr. 72 6 N. Souc’"k . Lo"e 6 Caph J- The Hazleton courses in Shelter I i in tl ioil 8 A. BrocGross 8 B. ai"1'' personal effort in education or training. If this ever actually was the general stereotype of the oldtime cop, the new cop of recent times has moved a long way toward a respected and competent public employee. Insulting epithets hurled increasingly at policemen in recent years are little more than symptoms of ignorance of the true character and competence of the modern cop. Even long before the “law and order syndrome” of this decade raised public demands for more and better police service, police officers across the land were improving their qualifications and effec­ tiveness, sometimes with and sometimes without community support. Improvements in quality ofapplicants for police positions, better recruitment, probationary and in-service training, more effective organization, and many other gains in police performance are evident almost everywhere. Civil service legislation has perhaps not worked the miracles once predicted, but it has gone a long way to provide the policeman with a climate in which he can function on a plane comparable to other occupations. A few municipally supported training programs, and the large number of volunteer training programs, in the area reached by this Newsletter testify to this fact. quitePr°b'ern 'S tplat tp|e ’nc'dence of this improvement is whichSPhOtt'/' There are still too many communities in . t e old concept of the cop prevails. There are still but are L °°h|Tlariy commun'ties who want better officers, ,Uaa,.e or unwilling to give tangible support to ^equate 0 "j"6 service. Many townships have no police officer:rs f and re'y solely on the Pennsylvania State |Poli ropCj '°r Protection to the lives and property °f theirr rresidents. . Accordin, ■tg to legislati on currently before the General As:„ ui ■sembly, that •• . we may be about to experience the old adage 'f the App?-; , °cal community won’t, the State will.” larent|y s Potty quality 6f 'eg'slature intends to eliminate the Althoi _ 0 Police work by mandatory requirements. r somewhat, two bills now on the establish minimum police standards for on and training, and, in addition, a «■ system to support this. According to the April, L >971 issue of the C< the Departme Courier, published by '^Community Affai perhaps at l.„6 “irs, Pennsylvania is lon8 last about states which have enacted" th?rty'three other already volunteer programs. enacted such mandatory or The bills are similar in establishing a state com­ mission to set mandatory police standards and training, establishing and in requiring all municipal police departments to municipal police comply, and to reimburse all municipalities having police in training. One bill would place the commission in the Department of Community Affairs, and the other in the Department of Justice. Both bills reflect an intent of the legislature to face the perennial problem arising out of the contention of local officials that if the state mandates a function, the state should pay the bill. House bill 42 would reimburse a municipality up to one hundred percent of the salary paid each policeman in training as well as his necessary tuition and living expenses. Senate bill 128 provides for reimbursement of tuition and living expenses only, thus requiring the municipality to share the load. Funding the program differs significantly in the two bills. The House bill provides for the levy of a surcharge against offenders in the amount of every fine, penalty, and forfeiture imposed and collected by the courts for misdemeanors and felonies, with certain exceptions, and .u. the initial ■ ............... funding would be General .„! Fund appropriation of $200,000 to the Commission, returnable when Commission funds are available. The Senate bill merely calls for a General Fund appropriation to the Commission of $175,000, and makes no provision for future funding. The magnitude and potential effect of the proposals on municipalities and the quality of their police forces is indicated by the duties assigned by both bills to the Municipal Police Officers’ Standards and Training Commission: 1. Approving any municipal police basic training school; establishing, where necessary, municipal police basic training schools in existing facilities. 2. Prescribing the minimum courses of study, minimum qualifications for attendance, and the required equipment and facilities of a training school. 3. Setting the minimum qualifications for instructors. 4. Establishing the requirements of minimum basic training which municipal police officers appointed to probationary terms must satisfactorily complete before being eligible for permanent appointment. 5. Certifying police officers who have satisfactorily completed basic training programs. 6. Inspecting municipal training schools at least once a year. ccccrcn'e that either of the There is, of course, no assurance will be bills, or any reasonable facsimile Ucsimilc thereof, . enacted by the current General Assembly. Similar bills have been considered previously without success. Undoubtedly, Pennsylvania will eventually join the other states, because achievement of a uniform level of ’---t officers throughout the the calibre of law enforcement c— roided much longer. Commonwealth cannot be avcidec WHN �system a local in report, titled criminal “State-Local JUSTICE £ Crin,,enra'byUt^eCeAdSvisZ Commission on Intergovernsummer by the Aavisory need for puttlng sTmT'-sylrn'into^the state-focal criminal justice systems. Stating that a “basic flaw in our criminal justice system is that it lacks system” Robert E. Merriam0 Chicago, ACIR Chairman, stated that local and state justice is a "loose collection of institutions and procedures, operating, autonomously and frequently in isolation. The police, the judges, the prosecutors and the correction officials must recognize their inter­ dependence and work together to build a sound and workable system. And state government must face up to its responsibility to provide effective leadership". While the report deals with the responsibility of each element in the state-local criminal justice system as it now prevails, and suggests appropriate remedial programs for each element, the recommendations especial ly applicable to the Northeast region of Pennsylvania highlight IRA's policy of promoting elimination of the highly fragmented police function in the area. With more than 30,000 autonomous police forces in the country, resulting in overlapping of jurisdictions and gaps with no effective police protection, ACIR called on States, counties and municipalities to assure fulltime protection in all metropolitan and rural areas, even to the extent of consolidating departments in selected instances. Consolidation of smaller police departments is emphasized. The Commission calls for improved training, recruit­ ment and compensation for police and correctional P^onne!, and the use of ranks paraprofessional and voluntee aides to supplement their eer the Commission recommends the abni- • tion of the sheriff’s office in metrODo '°' l0n °r m establishment of county-wide police -■-an < a' ar^°dern. by professionally trained personnel Copies of the recommendations request to the Commission, Washin c,<’s s «Lon, IN THE 0>., APPALACHIA - A journal devoted of regional development. penna. t! URBAN DATA SERVICE - Monthly report. by the International City Management As P.ubl'she^ociatin? provide timely data in chart and S°c'“' ' tabular fOrm 1;; explanatory texts dealing with form current activities. Are Parkinson’s Laws serious or funny? _ “The amount of time required to pW(1 increases in proportion to the timePerform t ; available. "Expenditures rise to meet income." “When funds are limited, the only economy made in thinking.” “All that we Ibuy , with higher taxes is addition. administrative delay.” “Automation has a built in tendency to create 12 own bureaucracy. Once Once you you have have a computer, yt. need one staff to feed it, one to take out the inforr:tion, and one to file it away where nobody wi ever look at it.” Non-Profit Organization U. S. POSTAGE Wilkes-Barre,^ Permit No- 35 AUGUST 15, 197| BANKER’S THOUGHTS ON INVOLVEMENT The first National City Bank, New York, exemplifies ] "corporate citizenship". Its program of active _ to solve -some of the cities ____ „ Vination in helping Partl P..Llomc ic wirtplv ^enTp'roblems is widely acclaimed. Its president, William I. Spencer, in a May speech "The Pathology of Urban Progress” gave the members °f the Commerce and Industry Association some very ° nd advice on how to make their civic contributions THOUGHTS FOR today PAID Return Postage Guaranteed WILKES COLLEGE. WILKES-BARRE, to sPecific Prob|et IRA NEWSLETTER Institute of Regional Affairs "likes College Wilkes-Barre, pa. (8703 NEWS-LETTER LIBRARY COURIER - Monthly publication of the Department of Communi ty Affai ■••-irs, feati review and informative articles of to local government. most productive. worth quoting. task of proceeding with even modest plans and proposals. Overall we are at sixes and sevens. "We must abandon any program that does not measure up as a solid contribution toward the solution of the city's problems regardless of the public relations impact. Credit is due for any solid achievement, but public relations is not a criterion of measurement, and we cannot possible deliver what other people promise.” Parts of his remarks are particularly "If history substantiates the belief that we have squandered and have misdirected our resources, how are we going to set things right? The answer, I believe, lies in this room - if we businessmen will stop talking to ourselves and start thinking for ourselves. "The world out there is a series of overlapping political entities involving people who are looking for direction. This precisely is the burr under the saddle. For any attempt to , . „ reverse the growing deterioration of our cities, our efforts must be wel I organized. Priorities must be set. Responsibilities must be understood, and we must have some measurement of progress. But in todays jargon, there is no game plan and you have to wonder where the players ____ went. Too many essential elements are missing. | want to suggest what we need, "First, effective metropolitan government metropolitan government — not disjointed and unrelated jurisdictions to which all elements of the community can respond. "Secondly, all members of the community must understand their 1roles and operate accordingly. Presently, most tesponsible ■businesses, local community and governmental --I <5 agencies themselves are each engaged in their own little -tie orgies of setting priorities, programs and roles ?*' across the whole spectrum of urban problems. The net result is cduplication, tremendous waste, and accelerating backward -J movement. "Thirdly, there resources with full must be some sensible allocation of can be fully satisfied, appreciation that not all priorities wganizations, ta ed. The consequence is that many task forces and new governmental and private agencies 5 are competing for the same linited 'esources. “Fourthly, there certain that there is must be a massive effort to make °n citywide object!' general participation and agreement self-interest lobbies, ves. What we do have is a number a ' vylng for attention, community groups and individuals making virtually impossible the MODEL CITIES GOES TO COLLEGE The Federal Model Cities Program encompasses pretty much the whole i-.e range of needs and services in selected areas of' approved cities. An unusual, and probably a first, v: venture into a new service has been undertaken by the a Model Cities Governing Board of Wichita, Kansas. In September, a $120,000 college tuition project will be initiated. Only model neighborhood area residents are eligible, except by special decision of a task force of the board in individual cases. Income guidelines set a maximum annual income level of $4,000 for a single student to qualify for a 100 percent grant for undergraduate work. The project also provides fellow­ ships and stipends for aboutone dozen graduate students. Wichita State University has been selected as the delegate agency for the project. WHO'S HIRING MOST? Readers who sometimes bemoan the Federal Govern­ ment’s growing number of employees, undoubtedly will be greatly surprised at the conclusions indicated by the Bureau of Census tract titled "Public Employment in 1970". The tract shows that of all jobs created in the United States work force since I960, 35 percent were government jobs. Most growth in public workers is occurring, not at the Federal level, but at the state and local level Since 1950, the number of state and local employees has more than doubled. Analysis of the following table reveals some interest­ ing trends based on the October, 1970, survey of the Census Bureau. Local government employees represented three-fourths of the total state-local work force, and the state government one-fourth. However, municipal govern­ ment personnel represented only 22 percent, while school districts employed 33 percent. �Unfortunately, the tract does not innw which employment at the state and '°Ca|t|e based upon civil service qualifications INSTITUTE OF REGIONAL no need. affairs HOSPITAL VIA AUTHORit institute VOL. XVIII NEWSLETTER AUGUST 15, 1971 INO. 8 This News-letter, published monthly/ as a of the ln. Institute community' service, originates 7n in the er!’ Regional Affairs of Wilkes College. Notes and inquiries may be addressed to Director, Institute of Regional Affairs Wilkes College, Wilkes- Barre, Pennsylvania 18703. Subscription free upon request. of Government Employment by Type percent Number Type 100.0 10,147,000 Total State and Local 27.2 2,755,000 State 72.8 7,392,000 Local 12.1 1 ,229,000 County Municipal 2,244,000 22.1 Township 330,000 3.3 3,316,000 275,000 32.7 2.7 School District Special District distribution of employment by Tabulation of the function in the cities in 1970 may or may not present the .residence of' Tt the reader. some surprises, depending on t„~ —Id ----Functional Job Distribution AU Functions (%) Common Municipal Functions 100.0 56.6 100.0 5.9 10.4 15.6 27.5 8.8 15.5 2.3 Sanitation other than sewerage : 6.1 Parks and Recreation 4.5 Libraries 4.0 Functions Total Common Municipal Functions Highways Police protection Fire Protection Sewerage Finance Administration General Control Water Supply 2.0 2.7 4.2 4.7 lrANTEED GlJA 10.7 7.9 3.4 4.8 7.5 8.3 This indicates that in Octobi of all city employment was e~~ier, 1970, about three-fifths accounted for by the common municipal functions, with police and iW( „,ul police and fire protection employing 43 percent. Highways and sanitation, other ' > than sewerage, both L ' have have slightly slightly more more than than 10 10 percent of employment for common municipal functi . ' L.._jons. Variable local functions, not considered in the functions, common type, account for about 43,4 percent of all local public employment. Of these 18,7 percent, or about onefifth, are employed in education. Other variable functions employ 24.7 percent, indluding public welfare, hospitals, health, housing and urban renewal airports, water transport and terminals, correction, electric power, gas supply; transit utilities, and the like. whn 11 Y AcT variety of pubHc projects have t con and'operated under the provisions'// °been heen cp nss . of n^^nnsy^ the S(. Municipal Authorities Act of |945> 5but T3 Pennslsy^"q -tnever a p The Pottstown Memorial Medical Cent r a h°Spj^ a 9enter. Moj County, under construction since Febru first hospital in Pennsylvania financed k Wi" O :r) 5 ths revenue bonds under the Authorities Act WkX in 1973, the 281 bed medical center compl(ittt; older community hospitals at a cost of $7o rep| acCfe / [epla , . i , .. , 522 million cycle The idea for a new medical center center emerge/, (oca hospital comm.ttee survey which eva hospital needs of the community in |oz-> —. Uated y. occured about 4 years later when the firs'i maintenance CONTRACTS —especially the larger ones, which are nicipalitieS' means of reducing equipment maintenance /for S^ch'n5houldI investigate the advantages of Guaranteed life Cycle Costing, and Total Cost Purchasc°stS,Lnance. L //enanCf”hthese ideas are not entirely new, their ^' Although J not widespread. Plication is nOt a< pplicat uipment manufacturers are promoting the qny'° equipment Maf1^ f Guaranteed Ma’ntenance’ especially on heavy equipment. By contract with the equipment firm caplta of purchase, it places responsibility of mamtainat d ,inment during a pre-determined active life or life ing,eq of that equipment on the manufacturer or his 01 ice agency. Surveys indicate that the author'*® nufacturer can maintain their equipment for a municipality. .eSs cost tnan The award of a Guaranteed Maintenance contract is of Pottstown was merged with the Pottstow^'u H°Spita' based on the sum of t e origma cost o t e equipment the Pottstown Memorial Medical Center Ref H°Spital ■ us the cost of maintenance for the equipment's prement to construct a new facility to replaceT determined active life. The total of these two costs institutions was indicated by ihe purchase r lW0Jetermines the lowest responsible bid. site in 1967. At the time it was hoped to start 2°'a“' The City of Chicago has experienced considerable tion in May, 1969 and achieve occupancy hv /°nStruc' ,uinrs under its maintenance contracts, and in 1966 1970 Y Dece*'. sas a/arded the Certificate of Merit from the American The big obstacle to the new plan was the un City Magazine for actively pursuing and promoting this city ful effort of the hospital itself to finance he oT”? of purch fas'ng' Under Jcsuch itarnn h / purchasing. type private placement of the debt through a long Z'?' Deparment ° S Sanitation bes.des the cost long-term boni saving on maintenance itself, was able to increase the ■ ti, k . i f j u 8 a lon g-term bon; issue. The hospital found that it was trying Z of service vehicles from 1,400 to 2,300 without trying to to borro, borro,' more money than institutions were Willing to lend attfa leasing its maintenance staff or maintenance facilities, time. °pe to consummate t e project was temporaril; restore y t e creation in 1967 of the Montgomery County Hospital Authority, the first of its kind in Pennsylvania. Its purpose was to help finance hospitals throughout the county by issuance of low-interest, tax-exempt b°ndS- without this contract, the City would have been compelled t0 expend an estimated $3 million for a new service facility and nearly SI mi Ilion for expanded payroll costs, Qf course, savings for smaller municipalities would be proportionate. Alleged advantages of the Guaranteed Maintenance The Authority agreed to finance the new hospital,bu: hopes were again shattered when the bond market bejato “run away”. |n addition, the six percent limitationobonds issued in the state was sti II in effect. Consequently, a bond issue was not feasible because the allowable purchasing contract are; interest rates were not high enough to attract investors. In 1968, the state legislature raised the ceiling to sere percent, but, unfortunately, the market also moved ups that investment bankers could not hope to sell bonds’1 1. Large cost savings in maintenance prices them­ selves. 2. Reduction iin 'budgeting problems 'because the total fixed unit cost over the entire life of the equipment is known. 3. Downtime is reduced because of penalty clauses for slow maintenance. only 7 percent. The real break came in mid-1970 the legislature removed the interest rate restr^L. A Less parts inventory needed inventory obsolescence. entirely for a period of one year. The County Aut/g was then in a position to borrow money at whateve 5. Reduction of fixed overhead because of reduced the bond market demanded. By going the authority route, the hospital wa/exeBp: keep the financing overhead of the 30-year 1 joftW revenue bond issue to less than $1 million 'nSt^reSt rate $3,3 million under private issue, and the mt was slightly lower. confer^ llTH ANNUAL COMMUNITY GROWTH SEPTEMBER 22, 1971 ART5 THEATRE FOR performing MARK YOUR CALENDAR and reduction of manpower requirements. 6. Increased bid competition because of less restrictlve specifications. Benefits of leasing capital equipment plus benefits 0 actual ownership. 8. Equipment will incorporate latest technological advances. 9. Reduces need for expanded physical facilities uced by growing pressures for more services. cJ^ini Ceptwithl|l'ng in>u t*1e Guaranteed Maintenance contract con- m' -ipalirntpurchasing agreements between neighboring ^biljty lability Should bring the former within the practical 0 middle sized cities and at the same time Provide a double-barrelled equipment Purchase and maintenance weapon to attack spiraling costs. WHN OLD BUT STILL GROWING EverXone is familiar with .Federal aid to states and local governments in the C United States, and that such grants are c—constantly growing .» said ln number and funds contributed. ’The r1”' same can be ---- d of virtually every industrialized country. Recent government statistics remind us that the Federal grant-in-aid policy is not an innovation of recent decades, that the changed, and that annual ; g nature of the grants has grants have been increasing at a consistently faster rate. The fact is that the Government of the United States ad±-'tS grant-in’aid t0 states even before Jhe adoption of the Constitution. In 1785, the Congress under the Articles of Confederation enacted a Land Act tor the disposition of public lands in the Northwest area. While some of the land was to be sold for at least one dollar per acre, certain specified acreage was reserved for maintenance of a public school within each township. So, the aid program is approximately 186 years old. The first grants were usually in the form of land and were generally restricted to education, interna! improve­ ments, and agriculture during the nineteenth century. In this century grants changed from land to cash and from “single shot” to annual payments. Categorical, rather than “block” grants were the rule. Federal grants have increased tremendously during this century. In 1910, their total scarcely exceeded S5 million for regular, permanent functions; during the mid-1950’s they were about S3 billion annually. In the late 1960’s, all forms of federal grants, including grants-in-aid, shared revenues, emergency grants, and payments to individuals within states exceeded $15 billion per year. In the last decade they rose rapidly to reach a total $9 billion higher. According to the latest figures, in fiscal 1970 Federal payments to state and local governments totaled $24 billion. Covering almost 100 different programs in the various Federal agencies payments ranged from S3 billion to California down to $51 million to Delaware In addition to California, other states in the oyer SI billion group were New York ($2.4 billion). Pennsy vama ($1.3 billion), and Texas ($1.2 billion). The billion) largest grant-in-aid was for highways ($4.3 Other major payments were for unemp oyment “ ' -■ rw; million), manpower training (S299 compensation ($625 construction ($176 million), waste treatment Plantbi^ion), social and million). Urban Renew g million), public ^eSanM$7^nion) elementaryandse^ �THE ADMINISTRATOR’S qILEMNAS he is taking for work in the morning, If he is late of his position. If he gets t0 to rhe the Office office on 0 time, he's a dictator. If the office is running smoo^ y,oradministrator If the office is a mess, |f be holds weekly staff meetings, he is If no one has ever heard of him he’s a R n°nentj If he requests a larger appropriation economy. If he doesn't ask for more money, he’s stark mad). If he tries to eliminate red tape, he desperate • he a8ai a has timid NEWS-LETTER S°U| no re?ard system. |f he insists on going through channels, he’s S t bUre % If he speaks the language of public adminiZ a cliche, expert. tr If he doesn’t use the jargon, he’s illiterate of time with back- WILKES If he enjoys reading this he’s facetious. Enlightened self-interest If he doesn’t think its funny, he is entitled slapper. r with the boss, he’s ion his way out. If he is never i the gravy train. conventions, he’s on If he goes to < a trip, he’s not important. If he never makes do all the work himself, he doesn’t trust If he tries to anybody. ; as much as possible, he’s lazy. If he delegates as get additional personnel, he’s an empire If he tries to g builder. If he doesn’t want more employees, he’s a slavedriver. If he has lunch in expensive restaurants, he s putting on the dog. If he brings his lunch to the office, he’s a cheapskate. If he takes his briefcase home, he’s trying to impress IN THE LIBRARY Bi-monthly maga2;ne ^ntainij FIRE JOURNAL information on fire prevention standards < records, and other material of Permanent referen^ value. LABOR MARKET NEWSLETTER - A monthly reviews current employment developments and prosn»,,. “ pr°spects. MUNICIPAL FINANCE MAGAZINE - A magazine or debt and finance management published by the Municipal Finance Officers Association of tliU. S. and Canada. the boss. If he leaves the office without any homework, he has a sinecure. If he is friendly with the office personnel, politician. he’s a If he keeps to himself, he’s a snob. If he makes decisions quickly, he’s arbitrary. If he doesn’t have an immediate answer, he can't make up his mind. If he works on a day-to-day basis, he lacks foresight. If he has long-range plans, he’s a daydreamer. If his name appears in the papers, he’s a publicity hound. THOUGHTS FOR TODAY Remember the good old days - when beer foamed and dishwater didn’t? You can say one thing for those icy roads lastwinterthey’re economical. I saw one fellow do 55 miles ani hour in neutral. The Income Tax Return Form for next year will be the simplest yet, having only one question, “how much did you make?” and one instruction, “Send it in!' IRA NEWSLETTER Institute of Regional Affairs Wilkes College Wilkes-Barre, Pa. 18703 Non-Profit Organization U. S. POSTAGE PAID Return Postage Guaranteed greatest growth of corporations in size, market and impact on society has naturally brought with ’^^'commensurate growth in responsibilities; in a if a tic society, power sooner or later begets equivaldem°cc0untabilitv.” In this portion of a statement on ent I policy by the Committee for Economic Developnatl :n its recent report, “Social Responsibilities of JTsiness Corporations”, the private sector is, in effect, hing told that its involvement in community problems is •nevitable. Therefore, business might as well anticipate what is certain and become involved now. „Th Wilkes-Barre, P* Permit No. 35 "Eventually - why not now?” is a rather nebulous motivation, but not without value. Perhaps the same can be said of appeals for community involvement on grounds of moral and ethical principals of the individuals who control business enterprises. The CED acknowledges other similar motivations, but the significant thrust of its policy is that business should become deeply involved in helping solve crucial community problems because it is in the self-interest of business to do so. This is not a new idea. What is rather new is the fact that the time has come when it can be proclaimed openly and unabashedly, without the stigma historically attached to it. Perhaps few people have thought of the relationship between business and the public in terms of a contract out of which flow mutual benefits. Historically, this contract has been economic. Business has performed its responsibility to society by providing goods and services for aa profit. profit. So So long long as both producer and consumer received fair value, the obligation of the two parties ---------- , u,v vuiigauuil vi Mic r-vvv patuiw was fulfilled. The business obligations to society as a was,fulfilled. whole w— - ■ were satisfied if the wealth produced by the business system sustained all the other institutions, including “ government. This economic contract has ro need the most affluent society in history. r.._^esp'te these achievements of the free-enterprise Astern, , we have reached a period in time when the exPectati. ... of American society have now begun to rise ions at a faster Pace than the nation’s economic and social performar mce. Amidst our affluence, we are now beginning t0 focus attention on the deprived sectors of our people are trying t, to raise them to a more equitable level of *el|-being. At long last, human values are receiving Priori. Priority n°t Unh; The quality of individual and community life, with the creed of human values. The ------------- ------------- ----------------- —---------- L______september 15, 1971 Kisd?^ V°Se °f - change now, not a decade m generation wants makers, artists, intel Sals------- ’ Witers’ film’ and citizens’ groups a m : Co™lunications media, '"establishment Uas obstac es to s T qU° and the significant part of this aXh^iS0Clal ,prograss- As a is undergoing sometimes ruthless sTrutin^about"itsTo'le -n modern society. Polls indicate Z a majodty of abmoutICtaheSo?oL|k tha\bUSiness is not aa°ugh conXed about the problems of society, despite a long history of philanthropic contribution to a variety of institutions.7 . !? ma/ °r may not surprise business to hear that twothirds of the public believes that business has a moral obligation to help other major institutions to achieve social progress, even at the expense of profits. The public wants business to efficiently carry out its historic function, but to do so with a more sensitive awareness of changing social values and priorities. But, more importantly, it expects business to assume a broader responsibility for actively improving social environment. The American people are looking toward a renegotiation of the old economic contract to include the additional obligation of business to assume social responsibility. There appears to be an implication that unless business does so voluntarily, public pressure will force it through governmental compulsion. Obviously, it is in the self-interest of private enter­ prise to avoid such compulsion under which business would lose control over the nature and extent of its social activity. This is, however, a negative self-interest, akin to Adam Smith’s philosophy that if only government keeps hands off, the promise of maximum profits will promote economic prosperity, and, therefore, automatically the best interest of society. This kind of self-interest, which was once symbolized by the “public be damned attitude, is not, by its very nature, conducive to business assumption of social problems, many of which would make heavy demands upon corporate profits. The self-interest held out to private enterprise by CED as a pursuasive reason for community participation differs considerably from the laissez-faire m d. , integral part of soci ty p existence of private earned and developed. . .. ------ 1 the goodwill of ,n of its dependence upon will is its reward only if Recognition c. ■— that this good w." society, and C—- �college or or »“IONAL INSTITUTE NEWSLETTER institute AFFAIRS NO. 9 VOL XVIII SEPTEMBER 15. 1971 m.blished monthly as a This News'letter;i JLates in the Institute of community service ongma j V Regional Affairs 0 ^T^nTAffairs of Regional Attairs -------------------------- ■ in the place where his parents |jVe? a3/ answer? Not so, according to th Easy of confusing opinions by attorneys., ® 'ncrea . flow states. Court suits have already been filed Ha' of> Kentucky, Massachusetts and Ohio. 1 A|ab J currently considering a bill which would def?>ss ' the student the right to vote in his col|ege '"'tely gi s The Supreme Courts of Michigan and Of recently ruled that student voters have the alif°% registering in their college communities. New v^n many other states restricts the registration at their school address to those who can in, tuS prove i t is their permanent address. The Attoml'V>Hy d t0 Director, Institute Wilkes College, Wilkes- of New Hampshire ruled that students may reP' ""al in their parents’ home community, and promi/'Ster only violations by registration officials to the Suprun ta^ "jm nf rhe new economic-social Private opinions on where the college stude °U,t' be allowed to vote vary just as much as official11 Shoul<i Some hold that compelling a student to vot “’’"S .""?, 'jn.r.n.. or business will be served by social progress of all classes by enlargement of markets and improvements of its work force by helping deprived i nd I vidua s develop and use their economic potential. It is also enlighte self-interest to help reduce the growing costs of welfare, crime, disease, and waste of human resources, much of which is now borne by business. Actually, the doctrine of self-interest is also based on the proposition that if business does not realize the prospects of gain as described above, failure to assume its fair measure of social responsibility may jeopardize its self-interest by forcing government intervention to make business do what it was reluctant or unable to do voluntarily. “Enlightened self-interest thus has both ’carrot and stick' aspects”, says the CED. There is the positive appeal to business’ greater opportunities to grow and profit in a healthy, prosperous, and viable society, and there is the negative threat of increasingly “onerous compulsion and harassment” if it does not do its part in helping create such a society. Time was when the American public resented and opposed participation of "business" in public, especially urban affairs. Time was when corporate support or Surin °n “ 3 communit7 building, park, or local institutions was suspected to be a sop to salve the wounds of corporate maltreatment. Time has now come Si*: p“ demands it in Z c ‘“*p“md community dominate the goals of our society™3" ™ problems, Wh'ch now WHN student but VOTER invasion? e: he has one; where he intends to remain hof16' >sijdence. u"" ' and without a present intention to depart; ,eS idefinit i aves it he intends to return to it, and after deems himself at home”. when " he 'he 1 his return d es not mean that any student need merely ind- he | Opponents of student option have little Him finding examples of ominous results of student n i'-1'1' power in the local community. Many years ,P°ltical in the local community. Many years a recall, Jstudents of Dartmouth College, Hanover’ Jr he^ay5' ir is ^.SaIS intends rt t0,be, .’ but 11 ls a fact question, “m the determination of wnich the state brushes aside all colorable pretenses and finds reality brushes aside an coiuiau.c behind the guise”. iro were woro the rho deciding dpridino factor far.- in the .u, pas ’ j Hampshire, hifhand local bond issue to build a town hall one mile i - ” attending one yard wide. Three “leftist radicals University of California were elected to the BerkeleyCir, Council on a ; platform of community control of the polk‘ ... and other "unusual ” programs. The 25,000 students at the University of Georgia at Athens outnumber the per­ manent residents, and there appears to be a real r 'feeling ' "t of threat in that city. There has been a rumor thate senior high school class of about 150 eligible voters, enough to hold the balance of power in their small community, are organizing to defeat school board candidates who have been too tight with funds for school athletics and social affairs. |t appears, It appears, then, that college students in the North North-­ eastern region’of Pennsylvania, and the voter registration officials with whom they may have to deal on an individual case basis, should consider eligibility to vote from the viewpoint of the student’s intention supported by tangible fact. Athens, Georgia, may have a problem come November, Unless the Congress or the United States Supreme Court determines otherwise, the Pennsylvania rule, which actually makes the issue an individual one, provides reasonable guarantee that hordes of irresponsible voters will not overrun and dominate the city halls of the region at least not this year, 1 Having dispensed with the threat of a" invas'0" shouMd college voters throughout our region, atten|iei[;|e t<)Vas directed to those students who may he e jSsUe' ln the college community. This side ° War I well remember the term ”40 — ■ . 'I in the experimental stage in private business and industr “ rt^' 4° and 4” is already being introduced in a few Mattered -tsd municipal governments over the country, What is it? It means a work week of forty hours, but firing of6? empl°yee to work four ten-hour days '"stead , WIVat 6 stanciard five eight hour days. As in Privatee ind j work employees are pleased with the fourwork sPend eek.because it allows additional time to o> date |,es or for recreational purposes. Tests tw0 hours HdlCate that the extension of the work t prodPce s does not reduce productivity, nor does tJ eni°ymen°rre/atiSUe arnon8 workers. On the contrary, °'day V/ee, 0 three days off, rather than the traditional utput. en , seems to raise morale and thus improve An P'e of how it works, and .ft., k """-/•nd S hisUten of the special ?« four days, - pay­ ' employees work on new seheduie’eep'enslon'ef'"10'’’1 ad'/an'aSes from the officrtmend’ hhe City itir -<>— in tl» tn Z° °tULkn°^ndse' Minnetonka is the first municipality to adopt the 40 and 4” plan for all employees. Atlanta, Georgia, initiated the schedule for a limited number of divisions in July. Some communities, such as Tigard and Beaverton, Oregon, Huntington Beach and Costa Mesa, California, have adopted the schedule for their police departments. In all cases, the plan was officially adopted only after majority approval of the employees. Feasibility for such a program is also being studied by the Federal Government, and other state and local governments are observing results in both private industry and government. Whether or not the “40 and 4” plan will earn general adoption eventually depends upon its effect on delivery of services, quality of production, employee absenteeism and tardiness, costs, and employee attitudes and morale. WHAT 4 ' refetf>ng to the French rail cars which held / men or eight mules. Industry, labor, and government cour^yiand more hearing about “40 and 4”, which, of ®' has nothing to do with mules. residence”. Since the vast majority of c0. e in the __________ resl e-. na| stab have no real intention of continuing beyond1 4-1 the period their p.ducat education^ college town b : 1 of *uoir . v(|I( already know that they may cast w most of them already know that they may in November only only by by returning returning to - the h°" able1"; allow* ■ ■ballot, ■■ -ifr — ..-h is parents or by absentee such Is al their state. AND t The general principle in Pennsylvania, f'rs*;enljn<L in the Case of Fry in 1872, is that students.^ institution of higher learning do not acquire a there within the meaning of the Const’. proof that they have completely abandoned t 40 anrt^n^ranS 100 years. ™"> ta overtime si'e. ",,f L WHN There is obviously no danger that the students al Wilkes, or any other educational institution in North­ a matter of Pennsylvania law extending back virtu Minnetonk; •here the citv haii i 7 °00daa.m'huUI^0Friday'Shrhe®t business with the ci‘ty’t0' visit^e^'^ PerS°ns would deny the right of a student to vote in his n town unless he established ’’permanent”residence^'5' •—uiere eastern Pennsylvania, will overwhelm the college towns with their political power in November. This has nothin! to do with the relationship between number of votnj! students and number of permanent residents. It is.sl^? municipal Case held that residence, as a legal tf'"fort' c The Fry fa voter, voter, is synonomous with “ "domicile", domicile", 4 nor mnn«-or __ __true lification U° |ace of X,a narcr^n'c person’s *“ permanent ^ich meanS ,„^ina| P o|ace business,- and his family ^rincipal lace of business This d° -jntent” that the college community is his express, 01 home or domicile. If it were merely a matter .perr ‘rnianentsed intent, every college student in our region of ^Zally vote in the college town. The Fry court ffli8ht the conditioning principle that “a man’s legal laid d° including voting, is not necessarily wherever parent’s home community in effect deprives that of the right itself. Apparently most permanent re^'"1 .J principle by the Fry Case, but is still o deddedJ in of rulings at the local level in Pennvariety other states. a|So to 3 ,nd many voting qualifications in this state are .rirnary ' "residence. Age can easily be proved, but another matter, as recipients of is qdlte_ may some day discover to their disdivorces THE FREEZE HAS FROZE The confusion resulting from the sudden proclamation by the President of a wage and price freeze for ninety days, or more, if extended, is reminiscent of the NRA and OPA rulings of the thirties and forties. Strangely, then as now, no one seemed to know what to do or not to do at a given time, but, strangely, too, things didn't work out too badly after all. The regional Office of Emergency Preparedness and the Internal Revenue Service are the two official sources of information to private individuals and local governments as well. IRA has received many requests for advicei from local eovernment officials, but, in the interest accu'4 has referred mostrequests to the above agenc.es. a k r nf rpnuests were quite common, and, following: 1. May increase taxes. 2. May levy new taxes. �jobs comparable with ._z set salaries for new 4. May the higher existing jvuj jobs.. --nvided existing 5. May pay contracted the period contracted raises pro' paid during rate was actually actually being f before August 14, 1971. utility rates. 6. May not increase existing service or 7. May not increase fringe benefits. reduction 8. May not reduce working hours without seniority, or in salary. Mcy not implement step, merit, 9. May educational pay raises. May not allow salary payments after freeze to 10. compensate for work during the freeze. OPEN SPACE IN JAPAN Even in English "open space” in Japan is coming to mean something completely different than here at home. It is common knowledge, of course, that Japan does not have the quantity of open land that we have. In two cities, what she lacks in natural land, she is attempting to provide in "artificial land . The first of two "artificial land” projects is a redevelopment project currently underway in the heart of the city of Sakaide on the Island of Shikoku. The newly developed Japanese technique for creating "artificial land" involves construction of a large sturdy deck several meters above ground level. Under this deck are located railways, roads, parking areas, ware­ houses, and a variety of other municipal facilities. The deck itself will be occupied by parks, business offices, apartments, and private homes. The Sakaide project will cover an area of 12,900 square meters in front of the city’s railway station with the deck extending over about 10,000 square meters at a height of 5.2 meters above ground. The technique is relatively simple. Most of the existing small structures in the area will be demolished. Any large ferroconcrete buildings will be retained. The deck is then constructed around the big buildings, which will be remodeled in such a way as to use the second or third floors for entry IRA NEWSLETTER Institute of Regional Affairs Wilkes College Wilkes-Barre, Pa. 18703 Return Postage Guaranteed Total costs will work out to a little over square meter of artificial land” 521 Thi a low unit cost, but the high cost of s is by' ho f land area makes man-made ground ecor Technical progress is expected to cost as the idea of "artificial” oper) BOTTLE RECLAMATION NEWS-LETTER CENTe c E N Tg The Owens-Illinois plant, off Route 3|c was the scene of a significant dedicatory ’? Pittsto„ August 28, when a glass Reclamation c t; formally opened for use by the general D!,?ter ? Wilkes-Barre-Scranton area. The Center J? of ths be open to receive all kinds of bottles and ■ *il| last Saturday of each month, is being s'ars °n the Scranton-Wilkes-Barre Jaycees and the main/*11 bi and brewers of the same area. |Or bottlers WILKES COLLEGE, WILKES-BARRE, PENNA. OCTOBER 15, 1971 WHERE THE ACTION IS! with the regular 1971-72 session of Wilkes College in full swing, the Institute of Regional Affairs is "here the current action is. Because many of our 2 600 The new Center removes one of the obstad which!regular readers may be interested in getting a piece or has faced youth and adult groups in the past *h . wo of the action’ we are devot,ng this entire issue Of been interested in reclamation of bottles for ei tOr ec°logica||the NEWSLETTER to a summary presentation of the reasons. A permanent place for deposit is r co n”; — n°wavai|ab|e courses and seminars which are now or will shortly be The soft drink companies and brewers have donated part of the community service program of the College, funds for a glass crusher at the site and transportation of glass to the Owens-lTlin f'nan« Additional activi ties are planned to start early in 1972 Rridneron. New lersev. Funds cnllorroj k.0.'? plant ir|and will be publicized in time for interested parties to Bridgeton, New Jersey. Funds collected by the |av ‘T™ dates for sale of glass to the reclaimer will be used to sunn ‘ charities of the participating organizations. P iI Information not included in the summaries may be obtained by telephoning the Institute of Regional Affairs, The NEWSLETTER salutes this co.operative venture Wilkes College. (824-4651) between people and business. THOUGHTS FOR TODAY From the Dutch country: REGIONAL APPROACH TO LOCAL GOVERNMENT "The paper wants rain.” devices already available for application in the Coi wealth. immonThe course c--c- content and methodology will be specifically oriented ented to municipal decision-makers, including mayors and ccouncilmen in cities and boroughs, and commissionerss and supervisors in townships. All presentations will deal with specifics, rather than theories or p. ’.. principles, and with practical problem-solving devices applicable " to problems of this particular area of the state. The program is being sponsored by the ...a Institute of Regional Affairs under TiJ.t Title I of the Higher Education Act for Community Service ..... ' —.".ice and Continuing Education Programs, and will be under the direction of Walter H Niehoff, Assistant Professor of Political Science and Associate Director of the Institute of Regional Affairs for Urban Management. There will be eight monthly evening sessions of two hours each at time and place to be announced through public media and direct written invitations to officials. I Plans are being finalized for a program of eight imonthly two-hour evening seminars at Wilkes College on the general subject of "Regional Approach to Local "Comes the little red box and the train is all.” "Amos lives the hill over — where the road gets all."-Government Problems.” Scheduled to get underway in -November, the seminar series is designed to show local "I belled the door but it didn’t make - so I bumped.' government officials in Northeastern Pennsylvania “These seats are so near for me — I sit broad." practicable ways to handle problems now beyond the "Poor Becky — She’s wonderful sick.” capability of a single community by resort to the cooper­ ative regional approach. "Comb yourself — you’re al I stroobly.” A full complement of speakers for the eight-month program has been arranged and will consist of members of the Wilkes and other college faculties, knowledgeable public officials recognized for their competence in the various critical subject fields in the region, and specialists from state agencies or private non-profit organizations associated with the movement to upgrade Northeastern Pennsylvania through more positive inter­ governmental cooperation. The program concept is based upon a double premise that many local governmental problems in the region W unresolved because the many small municipalities .ack sufficient resources individually, and that there (aPPears little hope that extensive consolidation of local Non-Profit 8°vernments in the area will take place in the foreseeable Organization future U. S. POSTAGE LJ-.e as a means of solving these problems. The obvious inclusion is that intermunicipal cooperation provides PAID matt'eaSt an immediate Wilkes-Barre, E3* temporary means of bringing Mters under control, permit No. 35 The general program outline for the eight seminars is: "Throw the cow over the fence some hay." i"’mediat(.Pr°Eram has fthree ------- — --------specific objectives. The kcal local p Psychological objective is to impress upon ProblorT°Vernrnental officials in the region that their pr°blems are essentially similar by identifying and ThP’SinS : implications of these common problems, <andsSetC0°nd objective ‘ is to show that the environment bas|nSi c°me ln regional _ __packages ____ — such as river ^sterns r and ,and watersheds, commuting zones, road Pr°blems 30 the like. Consequently, many of the lPt"°ach Thnnot. be resolved except by a regional c Practi ? ^Itd objective is to identify and explain a implementation of cooperative methods and Session I Session II Session III Session IV Session V Session VI - “Overview of the Most Urgent Unsolved Municipal Problems in the Northeast Region.” - "The Cooperative Approach in Local Government” - “Region Approach in Environmental Functions”. -"Regional Approach in Public Health Functions”. in Planning and - "Cooperation ReStructural Rehabilitation and newal”. -"Cooperative Fire and Police Protec­ tion”. - "Joint Approach to Traffic and Trans­ portation". portation”. 'o Initiate and Administer Inter­ Session VIII - "How to I... municipal or Regional Programs". Session VII (824-4651, ext. 229 or 262) �received invitations through oversjpu. received information Jv .le^rt;°\^'®pd°ne t0 Miss O’Donnell, Regional Social Work Consul^ p3ry MarS institute OF REGIONAL AFFAIRS newsletter OCTOBER IS- IWI Department of Health, Wyoming Pennsylvania. (Phone - 825-751 I) AvenT ennsyiv5 enue. Kir,X are larded The schedule for the five-month program • N0J“ published monthly as a -sin the Institute of This News-letter, • -- originates community service, c; College. Notes aand j.s of Wilkes Institute Regional Affairs cf be addressed to Director, Wilkesinquiries may be Wilkes College, of Regional Affairs Barre, Pennsylvania 18703. free upon request. Subscription be October 27 — ESSC — A. M. Medical a — P-M. Prothetics?? Orthotic/ and November 9 - ESSC - A. M. Activities VOL. XVIII R. < Living °ai|y P-M. Activities of Daily Living December 14 — Wilkes — A. M. Homemakin Adjustments ~ k°0Bl P-M. Recreation Activ ■ March 7 - Wilkes rehabilitation physical nursing personnel methods for -A-M. Psychological Social Needs P.M. Psychological & Social Needs Apri I 4 - ESSC initiate a series of cooperative seminars on Phy Rehabilitation Methods for Nursing Personnel . Th project will consist of five all-day workshops conducted over a five-month period with two sessions each given consortial arrangement by the two college faculties in a with guest lecturers. The program will be financed by institutional matching funds and a federal grant under Title I of the Higher Education Act for Community Service and continuing Education. The joint effort of the two colleges in a single community service project accords with a new policy of the Act to encourage cooperative projects, rather than those of value to a single community area. The primary specific objective of the joint project is to bring the knowledge of modern physical rehabilitation methods to nursing personnel, including aides and attendants who care for the physically disabled in nursing homes, hospitals, extended care facilities, and home agencies. From the viewpoint of the patient, the primary general objective is to increase the ability of the disabled to become self-sustaining, at least in self-care, by the application of appropriate new techniques by properly trained nursing personnel. The five-month program is open only to qualified nursing and other personnel involved in rehabilitation work on an invitation basis. Private and community agencies cooperating in the program include hospitals and nursing homes in a 15 county area, voluntary health pllnC,e|S' the ,Bureau of Vocational Rehabilitation, The e::, sr The October. November and April sessions will be held at East Stroudsbui C°!?ge’ and the De«mber and March sessions 'MO A.M. SE» p ’!!! begin at consist Administration of Rehabilitation P.M. Community Resor( fees and General Summary The project director is Professor Olson Arne, Dea of the School of Health and Physical Education', Eas Stroudsburg State College. He is assisted by the folio/ ing Advisory Committee: Mrs. Vincent J. Gesiskie, R.N., Director of Nursin Gesiskie Nursing Home Mary Margaret O’Donnell, ACSW, Regional Wo-! Consultant, Pennsylvania Department of Health Dr. Yasushi Sugiyama, Acting Chairman, Politic Science Department, Wilkes College Mrs. Charles Swanski, R.N., Administrator Swanski Nursing Home Professor Philip R. Tuhy, Associate Director,InstiK of Regional Affairs, Wilkes College The Workshop Program Director is Professor Bru. E. Hayne, East Stroudsburg Teachers College The Workshop Faculty includes: Professor Bruce E. Hayne, Department of Physic- Therapy, East Stroudsburg State Col lege Miss Helen Moffat, ACSW, Executive yn? Monroe County General Hospital Michael Noonan, ACSW, Director of Social Soci g^ p. Veterans Administration Hospital, c<?||ege Dr. Frank D. Sills, East Stroudsburg State Miss Lois E. Wagner, Physical Therapi available for each Invitations have Personnel indicating the SeSSi°ns will held. Ink­ —-J nurses who have not D. Reading Excellence Achievement Development The which proved so successful last academic year, program. pros'"' reneated this year under joint sponsorship of the will b of Regional Affairs and the Wilkes College '"lament of Education. R g. A. D. program for this academic year will Qctober and continue to May, with meetings beg'n Saturday from 9:00 A. M. to 12:00 Noon, except eaC" the usual public and private school holiday durir,L A Summer program covering five weeks with Perl°n(,' meetings Monday through Friday during June and July will also be repeated. Dep ilored to the special needs of each child. Each specific t3' ram is designed to correct known deficiencies and/or generally strengthen the child’s ability to read. Instruc­ tion extends from basic auditory and visual discrimination to sophisticated levels of analysis, critical application, and advanced study skills. All activities are developed and applied by staff instructors under supervision of the Education Depart­ ment Faculty. Each instructor is assigned only one to three children during the academic year, and limited to two children during the Summer session. A program of instruction is pursued for each child only after the child has been thoroughly tested for capacity, personal adjustment, and reading achievement level. The emphasis on individual attention is supported by an abundant array of traditional and recently developed instructional materials and equipment applied according to the needs of each child. During the academic year, three reports will be submitted to the parents of participating children. The ust will give the child’s level at the beginning of the program. The second and third reports will discuss the c ild s progress during the course. During the summer, two reports will be provided each parent. 5s? during the 1971-72 academic vertW°Unique sessions Wl" run from September 18 t0 la The f'rst sess'on second from February I t0 , lnp °Jacnuary 3I- and the ll|erbuTdSio0n thebOprogLm co”8? per session stud^Xerienle T'™ Wi" be °n niching the involvement of s uden s alJT tje Processes East Stroudsburg State College ,rfonaance Dr. Herbert Weber, Director Human Pe^ Co"e^iH^ Laboratory, East Stroudsburg Sta • rhe P' Nominations for participation in accepted by the WEH Consortium. ’ |van|a' Department of Health, Kingston, Penn age, background and interests of students Some meetings will be held out of doors in fields rock phes P ayTot^• fS SUggestin« that students wear play clothes for each meeting. academic year program will consist of two The sessions totaling twenty meetings which will be held on the first, third, and fifth Saturdays of each month rom 9.30 A.M, to noon. There will be no meeting during the usual holiday recesses when public and private schools are closed. Each week members of the staff will direct and coordinate activities related to at least two areas of science; i.e., light, electricity, etc. Each student will be allowed to participate in the area which interests him most, with the privilege of switching areas if desired. The program staff consists of: Dr. Prof. George J. Siles, Director, Assistant Professor of Elementary Education, Wilkes College. Mr. Richard Daniels, Supervisor, Science Teacher, children. a Psychologist, Wilkes College '• Lynn Johnson, Supervisor, enrolling their children in Parents interested in both sessions should contact either either one or Professor Si les at the Education Professor Caldwell or . "■, ext. 348 or335) Department of Wilkes College. (824-4651 ructor in Non-Graded Elementary School The>'Oni'nS Va"ey West School District ter F10StrUCt'°na' sta^ 's composed of experienced Certify, ementary School teachers who hold Pennsylvania techniqUel°n and are tra'netd specifically in clinical u,and aPPlications in the Harrie E. Caldwell, Director, Assistant Professor of Science Education, Wilkes College. Tunkhannock Middle School. ementary Education, Wilkes College l/ssor Joseph H. Kanner, Prograrn fun’ active * SW,,S ..,3 in i.e., observing. used • by instructional staff is composed of experienced The teachers who have received special training in the teaching of process; science to elementary school Professor J. George Si les, Director, Director, Fan" Services of Lackawanna County Dr. Ramon Molina, Director, Cardiov A. The program is directed by the following staff: Professor Joseph H. Kanner, Department o Psychology, Wilkes College E. The basic rationale of the reading program is the improvement of c reading skills and related and supportive ; and study skills of elementary and second'"/school children. Each aspect of the total program is -A.M. Organization and Institute of Regional will be given to geographic representation ;ideration of settings. More than one nomination from <' variety home may be submitted. All candidates aa“ - nursing each session and certificates will a^ectedio3ittend ' There is no workshop fee. Masters Degree SEMINAR ON RETARDATION Dr. Robert Mart'neZ’ ^“‘he^pXl'ress’ion'of°the «s^b^ 3t tbe Depa\ parents should contact either staff member (82q ment °f Education, Wilkes College. ' 65’’ ext- 335 or 245) �February The address devoted introduced a new series of en to the training of parart., with volunteers who work v„... March of retardates and y mentally handicapped April individuals. is the second phase of This year’s training Pro«ra |ving Wilkes and a. three-year cooP-XfRenns^vanFa Department of Marywood Colleges an Community Service and Education acting as agent for c"7it|e , of the -"Role of the School > Handicapped the -Causes of Mental Retardation monthly’’seminars and Their tht - "Sexual Developme,mt". Pa%>, - "Recreation". May - "Sheltered Workshops- June - "Careers in Field of t.on . ■letter enta| r^ Academic departments of both college engaged in the training program, which ha.S enCdtive|> ls 'ML ment of many regional organizations Luzerne and the Lackawanna Associations » °ns for n 8 the Children. Speakers scheduled include members Ret:ta(rde<i 'ncludin?rte' faculties and subject field. Lackawanna County Youth Volunteers Ths year t Wilkes program will involve the volunteers (PARC) or Luzerne County, while Marywood will shift to parent training. The third phase, scheduled for 1972-73, will be an extension via television to the entire Northeastern Pennsylvania region. Parents or youth volunteers who were unable to participate in the program in their county of residence last year are invited to take part in either college program this year. Nurses, teachers, social workers, school counselors, and others interested in assisting retardates are again invited to participate. The second of the ten seminars will be held in Stark Hall, Wilkes College, from 8:00- 10:00 P.M., Wednesday, October 13. Joseph Kanner, Assistant Professor of Psychology will speak on "Diagnosis of Mental Retarda­ tion”. The remaining eight sessions will be held at the same hours and place on the second Wednesday of each month. The ten-session program schedule at Wilkes College follows: September October November December January “Causes of Mental Handicap”. "Diagnosis and Assessment”. "Drug Experimentation". "Environmentally Caused Retarda­ tion vs. Environmental Effects Upon Actual Retardates”, - "Institutional Care for Severely Retarded”. - recognized outside author;.-”' -horitie Itle;s At Wilkes College, the program is being dAssistant Professor Joseph Kanner and '?cted by Professor Philip R. Tuhy, as a part of the c istarn Service Program of the Institute of Region , ,nui’ity (824-4651, ext. LUZERNE COUNTY BOROUGHS MEETING The regular bi-monthly meeting of the Luzerne County Boroughs Association will be held i,, ,ln the dining room of the New Men’s Dormitory, Wilkes' College, Wednesday, November 10 at 6:30 P.M.. according t" announcement by Association President o ■ -3 an J. s'J. Jarzenbovicz. The principal speaker will be j'ohn Hayes, Esq. of Allentown on the subject "MuniHn,,' Collective Bargaining and Arbitration". P Special announcements are being mailed to members and reservations should be returned to the Institute of Regional Affairs not later than Monday, November 8. THOUGHTS FOR TODAY It s a nice feeling when you’re able to park on what's left of the other fellow’s nickel. The best way to get a job done is to give it to a busy man. He’ll have his secretary do it. One of the things that worry businessmen is the number of unemployed on their payroll. IRA NEWSLETTER Institute of Regional Affairs Wilkes College Wilkes-Barre, Pa. 18703 Return Postage Guaranteed EUGENE SHEDDEN FARLE'i LIBRARY OCT 2 11971 VOL- WILKES C0LllGE7wrLKES^BARRF~ XVIII, NO. I I ■ —5 and best wishes are in order for the Congratulations -.ty Police Communications Network which first year of operation on November 9. complete Network is operated by the Luzerne County Control Center located in the Court House. . service is available to all Luzerne County Although the s including police, 20 communities, emergency forces, I i estimated 275,000 residents, are tied in covering an radio. However, assistance, information and directly via coordinationi is provided all police departments. The SW1I ..... includes five full time operators and a staff now communications officer manning the station on a twentyfour hour basis. The Center provides a one-stop location for information and assistance for residents, police, and other emergency agencies. Residents are learning to contact their local police in an emergency through the center if the police cannot be reached directly. Police officers throughout the county are using the service increasingly. As one officer explained, “It's a comfortable feeling to know that someone is available at the other end of the line, especially when on lonely night patrol”. Present plans emphasize adding every possible community to the direct radio tie-in, expansion of the police net, and initiating an ambulance net with direct communication with county hospitals. The Communications center was established through toe cooperative efforts of the Board of County ommissioners, the Institute of Regional Affairs, the teater Wilkes-Barre Chamber of Commerce, and many ot er civic organizations and individuals, all of whom Non-Profit Organization U. S. POSTAGE county16 t0 Support 'ts further extension throughout the PAID Ooerar’ Communications Officer; and Ferd C. Endres, lons and Training Officer. Wilkes-Barre, Pa. Permit No. 355 penna. NOVEMBER 15, 1971 HAPPY anniversary Tiss'<"'10'aS WILKES COLLEGE S°uchik is Executive Director; Robert A. 'T’S THAT TIME AGAIN but is^^i What is 't that should be done all year long, ans a y Put Ye auth<lorit'igj1 t0 tbie 'ast m'nute’ • Planning and preparing a muimicipal budget! aga'n S( ■■b’ .. , In practice, despite statutory deadlines for adoption, the amount of time devoted to budget preparation and the dates on which they are ultimately adopted, sometimes approach the ludicrous. Truthfully, one fair-sized borough has traditionally held its one budget preparation workshop session on the first Monday of November from 7:00- 10:00 p. M. In another instance, in the thirties, a township delivered its budget for the expiring fiscal year to the old Department of Internal Affairs only two or three days before the beginning of the next fiscal year. These are, of course, exceptions, but serve to illustrate that budget-making is not a matter of filling in numbers to meet a legal deadline, but the most significant and important act required of any legislative body. A budget, to say the least, is a comprehensive plan expressed in financial terms by which an operating program is effective for a given period of time. It includes estimates of the services, activities, and projects comprising the program, resultant expenditure require­ ments, and the financial resources used for their suppo At the very heart of budgeting is the need for careful planning. And since the legislative body of a ™n,c'Pal y is ultimately ultimately responsible responsible for for the final product, its ;hould be concerned with certain basic questions, members sh-------------1. Does the budget meet the needs of the community? which should be reduced Are there some services or eliminated to provide funds for more important or tax reductions? new programs, expansions, 2. Does the time of the y" year when local ' tart mUSt by law in Pennsylvani; .. .. ........... z____ ia get down to and come c up with a proposed budget to be fM|y 'an 11not later than December 31. If budgeting f«' thePPrf°a^d as a well-concieved plan of operations fiscal Scal year, rather than a hastily assembled S ESUftS arrived adjusting «— —, vnti process "" on *. »>».»; on the information, current year. Records, L„ f°_atlOn' and experience exPeriences document could be b s d „Whichuthe next year’a ,----- _,,t could be based throughout the year Unf/r v i haVe been assembled quite rare espec al^v Unfortunately, SUCh such an apProach * municipaHt’ies PI s' m°ng middle Size 7 among size and and” sma" — “ sometimes administrators a;r b|Se.eVen Pr°feSSi°nal are responsible. At the latest, a z 'budget J _ preparation calendar should have been followed since’june” o“r' Jufy wTth a listing of R°tentla' SerV'Cue and °Perational items for consideration. By mid-November, when this NEWSLETTER is in the mails, the budget process should have reached the stage of submission to the legislative body for unhurried adoption by the first week in December. 3- Aofe7u£ ewW service and administration maintained. �which is predominately, though n The rest of the world, including ^iw, speaking countr.es, is making the m a" °th?'\ institute institute nF REGIONAL of Rt AFFAIRS Schools will be counted on to ch C ChaWnflit of the switch, probably with some f-°U'der the N,' F d , the Federal government. After = nan<=ia| s.^ior| ' NEWSLETTER VOL. xvill -| NOVEMBER 15, 1971 NO. H monthly as a This NeWS-|e“eor;iginJes in the Institute of Notes and “mmUnKrs of Wi^es College. Co' Institute Reg'°>s Jay be addressed to Director, Wilkesinquiries may Wilkes College, of Regional Affa rs Barre, Pennsylva,n a18703. request. Subscription Tree -r are « they give the illusion 5 oN E of a truly balanced budget. Have all expenditures and foreseeable contingencies been included, or are they simply ignored in the hope that the problems will go study, the Department of Commerc Congress that almost all of those wh study stressed the importance of edu°~ :ati°n in at6llH iv! to the metric. Citizens must be 'n an? change will mean in their jobs a °Imed of J'S Above all, the metric system of’mea. eVeWSi taught more vigorously in °ur schom?re>t LS Department warned that since childrJ ’ Therefor. b this fall will be 35 years old at the 0 Starting .'A to fail to train them adequately jn the n^ °f the ter. to fail to equip them properly for rh»* Systeri’Wift inherit. w°r|d ^'Ij One of the Department’s major recom that early priority be given to educate > endat'ons „ school child and the public at large to th^ An,eri& terms. A nationwide study to determi Americans know about the metric system"16 * "a program of public education would be esseJ^fti; success of a national conversion program" away? 6. Are appropriate funds set aside to provide for unforeseen emergencies? 7. Is the budget consistent with the ability and willingness of the citizens to support it? 8. Is the budget economical in all respects, thinking of economy not as indiscriminate slashing of expenditures but an attempt to attain greatest value per dollar expended? 9. Does the budget discharge the municipality’s responsibility to the future? Is it consistent with the municipal plan and with other long-term policies for community development? 10. Is the budget based upon realistic priorities that in the event of changing economic conditions, or unforeseen developments, it can be quickly adjusted without serious consequences to the municipality's performance during the remainder of the fiscal year? Local budget-makers should do their shopping early" if they want to have a Merry Christmas all next year. °tla cost REFORM another case of -actically unanimous that Pennsylvania , iS Pr^ noin'°n raT structures are a hodge-podge of local u and sometimes, not too productive levies and, s‘a‘ sSive an ’ considerable talk about tax reforms, but ,eg'e has been beThe comprehensive and integrated reform The Tt|e r'°re, ' visioned would include elimination of a "Leral’X Usance” or other regressive and inequitable 8Ser °f Opting equitable broad-based levies which % and -signed to the state or local governments, S|d Sly- Simplicity and equity are the goals. respeCtlVe There ’ undoubtedly many reasons why such ax reform is Quite unlikely in the forseeable ex'enS'Vn moded and interest-centered constitutional futurejnc|uding the “uniformity” clause and the restrictions, jd fue|s taxes exclusively for highways. ieservation formidable obstacles. Apparently well- are, r’ate limitations on the local earned income entrenchw easibility of reducing the growing pressures tax block tn taxes The tendency to resort to “painless” on pr°Pertych as lotteries and taxes on track and offlevies, su promote the illusion that the real problem track bet'xjst. Constitutional and legislative processes d°eS nOt ate these obstacles do exist. Why, then, the “ntinX procrastination on true tax reform? adding one tax without relief ■ Also' if our __lv( on others. observer is increasee the allowable correct, the - to rates taxes, p. on the local Purportedly earned income receive a similar P0PrutrCreX^ property ftax cb-dens: . may occurs, it win' rebuke. |f Be quite widespread, since a reaction the tax is a total of 2,264 g--- ■is source of . revenue is used 1971. There are 51 governmental units m the state in cities' j -■•■-s in P PI i I ad el phi a and Jen?y Vania' including Pittsburgh, , anld d of "f these only one Oil City, did not , Jevy levy the earned e—--j income ; In addition, the tax this year, boroughs. 1,029 unships, and by 459 ------ *1 districts. have incre2as^OthteOnfeeedO"o?nireCirCUmStanCeS obviousl7 A?aomic circumstances locj levels, the geJe^ XiX^* a"d revenues at the Th" FT.S*. ?TcaiL!evilefb’/726l S Seem t0 '£nore the «.. „ bodies convince when they add”, almost £ any Proposals for "tax reform” will be stymied by a variety or public resistance. WHN CITY-COUNTY MERGER GROWING In general, industry and trade are expected, costs of the decade of change to metric. Changin books and classroom equipment is expected to'6*'' One oldtime observer of the state and local governnt scene in Pennsylvania recently offered an explanaJion which has at least some merit. In his opinion, the $1 billion over a period of 3 to 5 years. The Commere Department anticipates that “most of the SI billion toolbe completely absorbed and would not appear as an ex« item in school budgets”. failures of state and local legislative bodies to take appropriate action on tax reform are apparent, but the true obstacle to reform is a deep psychological mistrust of the governmental process by the people themselves. "People”, he says, “have not supported tax reforms over the years because they suspect that the adoption of new taxes will not be accompanied by the elimination of other taxes which are the sorce of our current problem." “In the last decade, city-county consolidation has been receiving widespread national interest. The history of the city-county consolidation movement can be divided into 2 periods which conform roughly to the 19th and 20th centuries. During the 19th century consolidation was the result of direct action by the state legislatures with little effort to gain the advice and consent of the electorate. Six consolidations of this type occurred in the 19th and early 20th centuries: Year New Orleans - Orleans County, Louisiana............. 1805 Boston - Suffolk County, Massachusetts ...................1821 Philadelphia - Philadelphia County, Pennsylvania . 1854 New York - New York County, New York................ 1874 The Department, nevertheless, recommended specie Federal aid to affect the conversion in the schools, eveshould a national program not be adopted. Specifically. Congress was advised that “timely government assistant, may be needed to develop teacher training plans ani materials”, and also that “the metric system shouldte brought into all vocational and on-the-job trainit; programs. This, alone, would justify governmentsuppon. Since it is not known at the present time when metric measurement will become the accepted standar ® specific functions in government or the private s^tord might be wise to start studying for the switch or the hills”. WHN URRAN PER 0.836 1 SQ. MR. J, Ten;century' Ameri«n ,te >»«• nliu",’ ‘"d’ '* TAX A few of his historical examples tend to support the view. In the mid-thirties, rural, business and industrial groups joined forces to amend a legislative proposal for a graduated income tax amendment to require that if such a tax were levied, proportionate reductions would automatically follow in property taxes. While the legislature gave informal assurances that this would be done, the proposed amendment was submitted to the electorate without the proviso. Subsequently, these same groups succeeded in convincing the voters that the mere ’'ord of our legislature could not be trusted, and the tax mendment was soundly defeated. New York and Brooklyn Queens and Richmond Counties, N. Y.................... 1898 Honolulu - Honolulu County, Hawaii...........................1907 At the turn of the century, however, municipal re­ formers won the power for the local electorate to make these basic decisions about the structure of their local governments. Since 1947, II city-county mergers have waJgain' in the mid-forties, the “Tax Anything” law Before the close C '°«l governing bodies : Wl" be advertising for construction or resurfacing’ in” tor street instead of the square yard!. Qu terms ™S ° SqUare meters off S'" P|a"5 to shift to the metric C0Untry is now making r country •'““(I ON The National Association c." 2 of Counties recently reported the following information ---.i on city-county consolidation: WHN STREET V|EW b:T now as fearsome as it hera- Thosewho are l eJSecure because we won’t be c°ndltl°ned over a a ten-year p|an GROWTH TO CONTINUE f°tloMSe^ by the legislature, hailed as an opportunity owner a-J‘overnments to relieve the burden on the property Assuming continuation of present growthb trend5- -- ‘ivi United States population at the would increase by 75 million. Sixty million, Will De in metropolitan areas which ill now Since l9?0-'h6L^ percent of the total population, —while m population has grown 2.7 times suburbs havestatejnj 3 i state. , areas have quadrupled and the s6Oaoi sixfold. Of great significance to loca!, '°c 'n51iS^.t Of great significance between federal government is the fact that jn popu,a , government is 1970 the suburbs passed the central citi neW citi^J, two new tfief It would be necessary to establish tw now and 75,000 persons every month between eaSin£ P 2,000 to take significant pressure o 1 tion off existing metropolitan areas. revenu fS 'ntent 's evidenced by the provision that, if raised J r.Orn the earned income tax in the first year outage °tL l0Cal revenues by more than a stated perOondingiy1 e,rate on Pr°Perty would have to be corresO’aded Th UCed' This provision was quite commonly and rates 6 Steady rise in property tax assessments earne<j jn ln Subsequent years, and continuation of the taken place: »c - East Baton Rouge Parish, Louisiana 947 Baton Rouge Elizabeth City County, Virginia............. Hampton, -- F Dade County, Florida (partial) ................... ’ Juneau - appears to have , to mistrust odies — especially in the field of taxation. fer,nit a gradSerVer 's correct, the current proposal to ? accepted Uated income tax in Pennsylvania may not t6d °n ahaS tax reform” when the amendment is °ut two years hence, but, perhaps, just . . I .ozo . 1967 . . 1969 . . 1969 . 1969 1970 South Norfolk Jacksonville - ' 5^ sedc°Xee ? x at,the same time, e®'slative peoP'e’s ”natural” tendency If . — Ison county, i ■ • ;e 2 except for In 1969 the s the Indiana General (Cont’d on back page) �MAY (Cont’d. from city and county thus effect returning century pattern. in [he nation "n areas jternative to the are now their 19 th conlocal . .. ............. sidering governments. REVENUE SHARING adopts revenue „ .ne is commonly associated rh the Federal of government. pubKnd wjh^ Vernphas's on national lational mind with th __»haci. revenue wew, is, no doubt a _res affairs by the medi .r_norp„ sharing legislation t, between the Nixon an M II ance that ,hor revenue sharing is X“• .“S” ™ sharing in |irnited proposition. Many states have> functional areas. P Mule X J. for instance, returns to [axes as well as I-.-*— s..und •> • si""-'"”1 Michigan, according to the Municipal Finance Office Association of the United States and Canada, hasno entered the field. This state has recently enacted S226.2 million local revenue sharing bill. The state has, in the past, earmarked state taxes, such as the sales tax, for local government. But for the first time, part o the money to be shared with its local governments will be returned on the basis of local tax effort and $23.4 million will be paid to local governments from the state general fund. Of the total to be shared, S52.5 million will be distributed on the basis of local effort with the remainder paid on a population basis. The bill provides that all cities will receive at least S 16.50 per resident regardless of tax effort. l. There is, at the moment, no information as to the state’s source of funds to be distributed to local govern­ ments. Because of the possibilities of such legislation eventually in Pennsylvania, it will be interesting to see whether Michigan raises its taxes to secure the needed funds, and also whether local taxes will be adjusted when state funds are forthcoming. BE TRUE BUT F(1 n°t One of thedilemmas, of — Demo< '"voracv llv get quality people in |Oca| J? at the , is to g desirability of lay control o f ' Ce a n d S ltl and the desirability of lay good officials quit after a aff^ so many f been probed in many studies, by the American School Board jdrVV “Six years is long enough for “Why serve support?” when the anyone." public withho|ds __ WILKES COTL^GQiLKES^BARRE: financi.. “Too damn much politics.” “Who wants criticism? to put up with stupid and viS “I’m sick of state and local bureaucctacies.” “The public doesn’t show any a— confiden( --.ice in us." “I’m a professional man who must earn his livii my small community.” '"fir “I’ve had it with bargaining with teachets about children about as much as movers t!about furniture.” These reasons may be true and amusing. they REALLY funny? Buii THOUGHTS FOR TODAY The human brain is a wonderful thing - jt sp.­ working the moment you are born and never stops unt" you stand up to speak in public. The boss is the fellow who is late when you're early, and early when you’re late. With his horse three lengths ahead he mutterei ‘‘Dear God, please, a bigger lead"! Four lengths! Fite lengths! ‘‘Dear God, I’ll take it from here”! You can always spot a well-informed man — hisvie*' are usually the same as yours. The modern woman spends the first third of her ILlooking for a husband and the second two-thirds won e ing where he is. Return Postage Guaranteed VOL' BEST WISHES FROM US TO YOU tute of Regional Affairs extends to all its Insti tute The reason’s greetings and best wishes for the the st — friends Year. This is more than traditional formality — joining’'New ' pronouncement from an impersonal organization, '^sincere reflection of the personal devotion of or a terSessional, secretarial, and student staff to !he people they serve rather than to duties performed. of us involved in the monthly publication of Those NEWSLETTER add our gratitude to its readers for the ■ .e encouraging reception of its contents. Now about to ; nineteenth year, the number of NEWSLETTER begin its recipientss increased from 2,300 to nearly 2,700 during ■ Since receipt of the publication is by request this year. steady growth of each issue is the staff's only, the reward. The NEWSLETTER is the Institute’s regularized contact with public officials, civic groups and organiza­ tions, other similar collegiate institutes, and interested citizens. The Institute, however, is only one of the many ways in which Wilkes College seeks to serve its community. Therefore, to the 2,700 subscribers and the countless numbers besides who read its columns, the staff of the NEWSLETTER includes in its greetings and best wishes those of the entire College community. Our season’s gift to you is our reaffirmation to serve. SCARED OF CIVIL SERVICE TESTS? IRA NEWSLETTER Institute of Regional Affairs Wilkes College Wilkes-Barre, Pa. 18703 NEWS-LETTER boardsmen give up provides rnanv applicable to other local offices, w ahns^>! few of a very long list for the 6 have reader.s "God! It’s been twelve years ofhelly USe'i>tr(' Non-Prof'1 Organiiah0" u. s. postage PAID ■ Wilkes-Ba,re' Permit No- Many civil service jobs in Pennsylvania state government are available to those who can pass the quired written tests. Quite a number are vacant either tesu;USe prosPect;ive applicants are scared to take the pass are t0° un^arn*liar with the someth'6™' "Pne State Civil Service effort 'ng.adout both situations as to improve the validity of testing procedure to Commission is doing a part of its overall its testing program. PENNA. DECEMBER 15, 1971 BY JOINING HANDS Every municipality, no matter how laree or small, of °the whmrity iS ^'^ZlZl'Tn^ of the whole area continues because the neighborine community has done nothing. Better that the two communities merge. But, at the merge. But, at the current stage of thinking, “consolidation” is a dirty word. Consequently the only way open to feasible solutions is that municipalities in a given area must join hands and financial resources to “do together what they cannot do separately. This type of cooperation is called regionalism, whether it concerns two or more municipalities or two or more counties. It is generally conceded that the economic rehabilita­ tion and diversified expansion of the Northeast Penn­ sylvania region during the past decade has not been accompanied by equivalent progress in improving community life through local government action. Although this region is not unique in the delivery of low-quality municipal services, its poor record of municipal output has been characterized in many studies as perhaps its major remaining drawback. Problem areas in this region which are in urgent need of productive positive action include air and water pollu­ tion health and sanitation, police and fire protection, street, road, and bridge construction and maintenance, tax collection, traffic control and mass transportation, physical rehabilitation of buildings and general environment and efficient use of land. Past experience mdicates continued deterioration in these problem areas so long ^fragmented governments are either unwilling or unable to take positive action. T, .hnire seems to be either to “unfragment , The choice seems t or )Oin which doesn’t appear probable in „do hands under the Municipal Cooperat. '\Regional- title About Civil Service Tests?” That’s the s?LaniaarneW’ '^■Pa£e brochure put out by the Pennwho a IV|' Service K-UIIIIII Commission to help job applicants | bb | UH LU IICip JUU --------1 unfamiliar with such written examinations. 011 about a sixth grade level and designed to state s tests fairer, the brochure explains why ? state glVes tests, how hard the tests are, how to ~ • an answt /er sheet, and how to prepare to take a test. W Pn Uptight’’ are available from: Director of and Special Projects, State Civil Service ' P- 0. Box 569, Harrisburg, Pennsylvania many common P have and reluctant to give up hesitant municipal autonomy. fruitless, that they they are traditional, but WHN �v'” citizenship, no one else will, development must Ibe initiated ____ years of an individual’s life. INSTITUTE OF regional AFFAIRS INSTITUTE NEWSLETTER VOL. XVIII community s NO. 12 DECEMBER 15-1,71 f monthly as a > of in the Notes and s CollegeDirector, Institute to College, WilkesWilkes of Regional Affairs Barre, Pennsylvania 18703. request. Subscription free upon especj during ally since L TOWNS the , th® foareas were bursting at the seams. |n fact injpolita" ahe cities was deepening to the point of plight or edera, reSponse was a jungle of financial th.taStr°P e ^"ph®he\ ■ which have been growing in number and d PrOgr^;re is general agreement that the problems of ’’“nno. Th®' sq vast that even the powerful city lobby fundi^'es are ’tit'65 aLh|e to jar loose nearly enough federal aid the been unable enmakeasu a substantial dent. <b®ew to tfaKe j more and more attention ftin ,he cities cities drew — from ...... j the • • -* -•■ As th cies there developed a cfeeling that somehow federal' a ^er 7iFrowns and rural areas, who also had problems, ia" neg|ected. At first ignored, the claim of The area of most neglect in Gaining r is that of ot local government and p0|it 8 f°r citi are the Pennsylvania junior and sen?'’ Fe\ i>( which even touch this area at all. Anr|l0,r high '"S that the local community is the arena in J,esP'te Ah c5\rog^ functions most intimately, high School h'he < > --= i_ ignorant of local politics and iss. gradtiate % more .ot-innal in in scone. Ues than nfS a,t international scope. %s There are already signs that v ' ' With the , now assured to teenagers I8-2|' the P^t instruction in the operation of local come from the teenagers themselves Th action of the Allentown Congress of "e in favor of the cities is gaining both SshS■hanged and official support. The question whether nearby indication of the attitude of the new teeners want to learn «« c.„„ » “(X — *•> *>«•■ Sri fc nib"”“”»l&.meSd Though the remark was made in jest, it may have contai ned some implicit truth. The question arises whether that facetious evaluation of Woman Suffrage might be applied to the recent addition of millions of teenagers to the voting roles by the Twenty-Sixth Amendment. Not that we doubt the competence of women to vote as compared to men; nor do we suggest that teenagers are not competent to vote simply because they are teenagers. Much of the criticism leveled against male and female voters in the past and now, as well as similar criticism to which the teenager will undoubtedly be subjected in the future, results from factors beyond control of the individual’s sincerity and inherent competence. Most of the average citizen’s knowledge of political processes and issues are learned at home, in casual reading, or .conversation with acquaintances. Political p rties are supposed to be viable agents of education in good government, but in this function ar »«• leave much to be desired r/L least’ partles American concept that “Fdur r traditional Democracy” and >„„„ Edu«ti°n >s the bulwark of Sbip” - o-^^ riX^S^^ "CitiZe"seems fair to conclude that of education, it and political processes shouhd 5“'°" governmental bHity of our schools be pr,mari|y the responsibas been cons^d/able^concer/T Reades that the elemental and d "8 the last five in"?5/'?"13 haVe failed mee^ thiseC°ndary SChools of which and productive waj ThpaqreSP°nSibility "hlch don’t include discipline/ • Z', The Social Studies /eral PabliC general i'"grarns are city-oriented with resulting shortfedersal Pfr°^all towns and rural areas requires an answer , of small c^^Vderal efforts would be self-defeating if either federal « since TLunity decayed at the expense of the other. Some conimL.. balance is essential. reasonat.'1 on the question can lead to a positive congesearch but, for the most part, that conclusion will be one sets out to prove. The ,,| also be conditioned by the source of is quite obvious that “facts” set forth by ^Ve'ague'of Cities would disclaim favoritism to cities voters.0"^ That Allentown teenagers, now eligibi unhappy that high schools do not provided t0 Vote vote,- are the manner in which local governments incl d-rUctionm districts and the county, operate, was Z'08 several weeks ago. The Congress of Youth made up of young people from a wide variety/ within the city, and therefore, is well-repr/° 8r°Uils teenagers throughout the community. entativeof The young people conceded that some schools or u information about the federal and state government"' the politics involved. But they contend that aside/an occasional “Youth Government Day”, the oT /ile “facts” from the National The Institude of Regional Affairs has been trying to encourage introduction of local government in schools throughout the Northeast Region for many years. Whilea few schools have developed outstanding programs, most have neglected the need entirely. It is strange, too, at a state which mandates minimum salaries for pobc*™e"j standards of waste treatment, and other stan ar municipal operations designed to create a better idated that its in which people may live, has not yet mane , in operating people be given appropriate school training ’to create we the very governments which are supposed WHN The third session of the IRA Seminar on Approach to Local Governmental Problem °n Wednesday, January 19 at 6:30 P. • Ur,der’ so nnn03''1'65’ or 93 percent of the total were Projects ;U00’ There were I -077 or 52 Percent of the ln these communities. ^ooni th Water £~ and sewer Facilities- From the beginning of heer p^ram to June 30, 1971, 1,557 projects, or 84 Pt the total of 1,859, were approved in "^niti srants $5/0 under 50,000. Of the $815 million in Places', million, or 72 percent, went to these Parrish Hall. Subject will be “The ^■e®l0?.:[| deal Local Environmental Problems’’, and r,0||ution’ , joint efforts to eliminate air and waterP cdr 1. Is r’SX'l" imitations attributes of g00d of local action or state pr°8 egislative authority, and financingcooper AI1 interested are invited. No charge. ent ° aCti''l‘l 5442 ^grantVhad beTn apDro °f fis«' 1971, W|th those under 50 000 n ^i 10 communities’ approvals, or 48 percent Pulatlon receiving 1,662 treatment. Sma"er communities received reasonable differentntended^atT26"'5 an entirel7 non-metropolitan population at 34 Standards Pacing total, such areas gets ghtlv^Perhentofthenationa^ share of income supoort n a" a pr°Portionate must be measured agains t(37%) thouSh this poor are rural. 8 ‘ faCt that half the nation’s programs, failure of states to deliver available offerings ehL°f reqU'red matchin8 funds- low personal income' luctance to accept help, and geographic isolation. Items included: presented by HEW to support its position Hill-Burton Program: This was amended in 1964 to give “special consideration to facilities located in the more densely populated areas where the greatest need is thought to exist," resulting in a cut­ back in non-metropolitan areas. Community Health Centers: Despite the fact that incidence of mental health problems is higher in rural areas for a variety of reasons, support for community health centers is limited to those serving minimum populations of 75,000. “Meeting even this minimum eligibility requirement has restricted the program so that slightly less than 25 percent of all mental health center staffing grants go to nonmetropolitan areas.” HEW’s evidence mounts by including alleged short hpalth service research, grants projects, regional -^-[^favo/ does admit that som p g areas, including surplus pr p impact aid, migrant heal .■ c^ , it a| federal school some specja| • for whatever America. ."icial federal agencies ■■■ ■ --jstimony by offi whether or not federa This conflicting tei that the answer as to C. the disadvantage of small suggests are city-oriented to programs (Coat'd on A .. Manpower Development: Manpower Development and Training Act Grants require no local matching, and thus should particularly benefit non-metropolitan areas short of local funds. However, only 10 to 15 percent of trainees are rural, since grants “focus primarily on the visible urban unemployed . these 7rqqeCtS 'n 974 localities in this program. Of approa^. ,5| nUmber’ 38, or W^erce/t tions Committee, provided impressive fi gures that disprove e general impression that such programs are only Clty-oriented. 2,090ban Renewal: At the end of l970’ there Were li APPROACH SEMINAR Jfl^ J^e 30, ,971 were under 50®’ °f University Services To Communities: The federal program of grants to states for this purpose contains legislative mandate to concentrate on urban and suburban areas. Thus, there is a built-in shortchang­ ing of metropolitan areas. 1970°/ Aent Public Housing: As of December 31, 4 ini localities with public housing projects, p’ . immunities, 93 percent were under 50,000 under/5Q0 °f th'S group’ 2’151’ or 49 percent were ■ ■ teenage75'10 Adults are supposed to give advice to this case teenagers are giving it to adults. Model Gtie?'^ Our purpose in exploring this question was to attempt a reasonably valid and positive answer, one way or the other. Most of the evidence showed that, indeed, the smaller towns and rural areas have been, and continue to be shortchanged. However, the discovery that official testimony by two major federal agencies supported opposite conclusions further beclouded the whole issue and deepened the controversy. A survey prepared by HEW for the Senate Operations Committee concluded that non-metropolitan areas are getting shortchanged by a wide range of government social programs, including some potentially of greatest benefit to residents of Precisely those areas. On the other hand, HUD Secretary Romney, testifying before the House Government Opera­ Secretary Romney’s statistics showed: better climate. regional Grange would decry abject neglect to the smaller towns and villages which need financial help as well. information they receive concerning local government!! in the home. They also pointed out that when they graduate from high school many are or will be 18 and of voting age. Consequently, they feel they are entitled to an educational program dealing with local government since it effects the I i ves of al I members of the community, very directly. This group is apparently not merely “spouting-off”, since it has made plans to take its cause to the school authorities. States’ there shortchanged? Stfl X rties and fifties, American cities and their back page) �LUZERNE —ceding PaEe> (Cont'd. from prece .« famous be found in the once Only her she? doesn t ■ „ and the time This i has come The reason h d'nne’ ' he NewS The feature of the program will be •’Home Rule”, including general discussion V^ress pending bills on the subject. The impor°.fath®vari ’’ fo? growth. This dim, n shed* potential for ~ as larger non-metropohu s|qw| ,^’with nearness to metropolitan ation of growth potentareas has deClineddoubt as to favoritism or If there is even a modic w dties and srnal ler lack of it in al oting federa wou|d perhaps the new towns and rural areas the n favor th suggest that the BOROUGHS Ralph Brown, President of Boroughs Association, announces for the Association’s bi-monthly meetinn ’ Wednesday, January 12, 1972. The pr® swith a dinner in the Dining Room of ?h Dormitory, Wilkes College at 6:30 P.M. he New ene i prevailed and will meeting is indicated by the fact that the s. nce of t and Representatives from Luzerne County ! Se< invited to attend. For the same reason ailaVe bee County Boroughs are urged to be representedI LLu^n not they are members of the Association heth®r o, announcements are being forwarded to ea h Specia| borough. c membet President Brown urges that all accent transmitted to the Institute of Regional Affair o'* lbe' Hall, Wilkes College not later than January 7 ’ Parrish them off. WHN WANTED ADMINISTRATION CONSULTANT POLICE 7.T—s Administration Consultants (fullMunicipal Police Pennsylvania Department of Community Affairs, time). F Consulting Division. New regionalized field Municipal assist— and advise municipal police agencies. service to-------Program funded under Safe Streets Act Discretionary Grant. Three positions in Harrisburg: Consultant III (SI2.675-SI6.I70) and two Consultant I’s ($9,923$12,675). Also four Consultant II positions ($11,501514,657), located in Scranton, Erie, Pittsburgh and Harrisburg respectively. Requires college and graduate work and/or experience in Municipal Police Administra­ tion totaling 8 years (III), 7 years (II) and 6 years (I). Send resume to Carl 0. Helstrom, Jr., Chief, Municipal Consulting Services, Pennsylvania Department of Community Affairs, P. 0. Box 155, Harrisburg, Pa. 17120 (Telephone (717) 787-7148). THOUGHTS FOR TODAY If you get one of those new political dolls for Christmas, just pull its string and it will talk out of both sides of its mouth. The best gift for a man with everything is a burgular alarm. This year the shopper found that money doesn't talk anymore — it just goes without saying. What America really needs at this season is more people who will carry to their jobs the same enthusiasm for getting ahead that they display at the gift counter, Never trust your wife’s judgment when buying presents — look who she married! happiness will be getting getting a bill y°uve In In January January happiness will be already paid so you can write a nasty letter. IRA NEWSLETTER Institute of Regional Affairs Wilkes College Wilkes-Barre, Pa. 18703 Return Postage Guaranteed Non-Prof'1 Organ ization U. s. POSTAGE PA|DP> Wilkes-Barre, permit No- IRA NEWS-LETTER VOL. XIX, 1972 �NEWS-LETTER WILKES COLLEGE, WILKES-BARRE, PENNA. » JANUARY IS, 1972 His reputation in the field of local government is especially well-known in all the counties of the North­ east Region. In addition to conducting studies of an administrative or financial nature for many communities, he has served as official consultant and advisor to municipalities like Allentown, Easton, Bethlehem, and Williamsport, which have or are currently making the transition from the old Commission form of government to the Strong-Mayor form. NEW IRA DIRECTOR Dr. Francis J. Michelini, President, Wilkes College, has announced the appointment of Andrew Shaw, Jr. as Director of the Institute of Regional Affairs, succeeding the late Dr. Hugo V. Mai ley. He officially assumed his duties on January I Oth. A native of the Wilkes-Barre area, Shaw graduated from Wilkes College in 1958, and as a Fels Scholar, received the degree of Master of Government Administra­ tion from the Graduate Division of the Wharton School, University of Pennsylvania. He later completed special course work in Statistics at Temple University. Since completion of his formal education in 1958, Shaw has had a continuous and varied career in the research and consulting area of local government, rom a position of Administrative Analyst and research ssistant for Urban Traffic and Transportation for the 'ty of Philadelphia, he moved to the Pennsylvania tconomy League as Research Analyst with the Lehigh a ey Branch serving Lehigh and Northampton Counties, bra Kter Was Promoted to Executive Director of the fu nc office. In 1967, he assumed the additional DiJ11-00 County Affairs Coordinator for the Central of thl0n th6 League being responsible for supervision area 6 var’ous county branches in a thirty-four county he was designated as Research Director of the r in Wi|tntra' Lfivision of the Economy League with offices apDnin, Barre. and continued in that capacity until his ment as Institute Director. of local govern­ exPerience runs the gamut ance services in 34 eastern counties, — ■” .uiLi.ig work has been done jn °hT hls research and consulting the larger and medium sized municipalities. ment f. Having been associated with the Institute as a student of the College, and later through the IRA’s close contact with the Economy League, Mr. Shaw is thoroughly imbued with the traditional service orientation of the Institute, and is by his experience dedicated to the projected plans for expanding and improving IRA service to municipalities in its regional context. He brings to the Institute the added value of his close relationship with public officials and professional administrators throughout the entire state. Among the professional organizations of which he o -------r- - _ is currently a member are the Tax Foundation, GovernResearch Association of the United States and mental I Canada,, American Society for Public Administration, Academy and the American I _____ , of- -Political ■ ■ and -j Social Science. local problems seminar The third session of a series of eight monthly seminars on the subject "The Regional Approach to Local Government Problems” was held in Parrish Hall, Wilkes College on Wednesday, January 19. The two-hour discussions have been scheduled for the third Wednesday of each month from November through June. The November session, an "Overview of the Most Urgent Unsolved Municipal Problems" was designed to inventory the kinds and nature of local government problems in the Northeast Region and to stimulate consideration by local officials of those local functions which might best lend themselves to intermunicipal operation. The speaker and discussion leader was Andrew Shaw, Jr., then Director of Research, Central Division, Pennsylvania Economy League, and since appointed Director of the Institute of Regional Affairs which sponsors the seminar series under a state grant. -o in local Based upon his long and wide experience government research and consultation in *the u region, ; common to Shaw outlined the functions and problems most municipalities, and offered his evaluationn of the the financial quality or absence of such services. Citing t- (Cont’d. on next page) �INSTITUTE OF REGIONAL affairs NEWSLETTER VOL. XIX NO. I JANUARY 15, 1972 This News-letter, published monthly as a community service, originates in the Institute of Regional Affairs of Wilkes College. Notes and inquiries may be addressed to Director, Institute of Regional Affairs Wilkes College, Wilkes- Barre, Pennsylvania 18703. Subscription free upon request. and police protection, and the joint , and transportation problems. The fin?,' aPPro? ■ Ch 'o v will sum up the series by outlining -'on j>it in initiating and administering inter, '-rmunicipa| programs. s'on,! Special invitations to p — participate in series were extended by letter' to jurisdiction in the counties of Carbi Luzerne, and Schuylkill and professi, ional group. ar">S( region. The open invitation to inter, met with good response and seems toested Indi movement toward cooperative operation 'Cate 'hat is rmight r ’ its impetus from lay citizens rather than governin; Copies of the forthcoming programs are availab|, request. le0R ■ CitO WHN LOCAL PROBLEMS (Cont d.) djng quality for mutual various functions fields or intermunicipal approach much problem-solving. tbis overvjew, the Following through on t e ooperative Approach December session examm d the ^L P.^ Q Helstrom. " LOrtTVMunicipai Consulting Service Division Pennsylvania Department;of under Pennsylvania statutes^H a number of c°uXamtermunicipal programs under P^^ted communities. Against the background provided by the first two sessions, the January seminar initiated a series of five sessions, each to be devoted to a specific “kmttygritty” function of local government which is currently most in need of cooperative action. The topic was The Regional Approach in Environmental Functions” with emphasis on air and water pollution. The speakers were R. Emmet Doherty, Executive Director of the Lehigh Valley Air Pollution Control, and James Chester, Regional Air Pollution Control Engineer, Environmental Resources Department of Pennsylvania, Kingston. They described the intermunicipal character of pollution and the limitations on individual community effort to meet the problems, as well as the inadequacy of local dependence on state programs alone. The new federal and state standards were outlined, and the responsibilities of local governments delineated. Highlighted as an example of the potentials of cooperation in reducing or eliminating pollution, was Doherty’s illustrated descrip­ tion of the experience of the Lehigh Valley Air Control covering Lehigh and Northampton counties, and Chester’s discussion of our own regional conditions BUDGETS AND pollution Under the state-mandated uniform uuo„et budget all local and county government budgets in the i?1"1111'. Region have now been finally adopted gtlleast possible amendments in January by governing b? f°' which political control has shifted, these budgets show the operational program of each jurisdiction f " current fiscal year. In at least one significant re regional local budgets examined thus far areT? different from preceding ones. In most jurisdictions' practically all revenue resources are committed to the traditional functions such as street care, snow and ice control, fire and police protection, and the like. Media reports again indicate that financial stresses are forcing retrenchments even in these common public services. The serious question arises that if municipalities are not successful in maintaining common services at what­ ever previous quality levels, or in many cases in trying to catch up in neglected areas, what are the prospects for municipal programs in the highly publicized new services which modern society is demanding. Take pollution as an example. Society has become increasingly sensitive to the importance of preserving and protecting the environment. As a consequence, more and more resources must e committed to the fight against all forms of pollution. According to the Business Review, total outlays w pollution control reached $9.3 billion in 1970. Loca county budgets in the Northeast region sugga? as either officials are not as sensitive to the pro are lay citizens, or they have been unable to re*' dj (0I functional priorities to allocate reasonable environmental controls. At a time when 1d° g m out is done in pollution control through local fun ' u|ation region, ever-increasing industrialization an be need growth in and out of urban areas are increaSinfecjeralan(l for funds to meet mandatory standards of t e a| pro­ state governments. By 1975, the Environ mjluT,ent tection Agency estimates that our nationa er yeart0 pollution control will exceed $18 bi 1 t double Thus, the cost of pollution control will at by 1975. ,ve |nthe All forms of pollution control are eXPenSe area X Plannmg and structural rehabilitation and renewalI, fi^ next four years, expenditures for clean air, |y $4. neglected by local governments, will rea^ ,erpol|utl billion in the nation. The expected bill f°r (Cont’d. on next page) POULUT.ON (Cont’d.) Xs, t to to at least $5.8 billion. But, control 10 soiid waste materials, which is already ^nst local governments, will cost the most JCollLngnioSt, ;;>jntged $7.8 billion.. optimal- tbe cost of cleaning up the environment ,3« the cost < a0 eeS Whoo Pa a/7s it ■t c clean, |ean, depends, of course, to a large epingrhe' type of pollution. Private industry and . k:eeeP' andtent- °-n *will shoulder more than 60 per cent of the --e expenditures, with the smaller share '"di, solid waste Public sector. Almost two-thirds of limiting totaI hy I tbe pub is expected to be paid by the public tome1 pollution '\lmost all of the costs of air pollution control #ater but secWr- private responsibility. willbe t: a f matter who pays directly, the individual ■But, ’“‘’."pays the bill. If the federal, state, or local ultimately P fight pollution, the individual foots the bill X'^her taxes. If private interests control pollution, i"oUg. Is again must bear the cost - either through ""liVI rices, foregone products, or lower dividends. higher P=ntly' pollution control will cost the average Conseq.l'n at least $80 in 1975, nearly twice the current Ame,'of course, it is obviously also the individual who tenefits from fresher water and cleaner air. Three hard facts seem to flow from these expenditure siimates. Assuming that pollution in all its forms is Recognized as a real threat to human survival, necessary expenditures for control will more than double in a very few years, the individual must ultimately pay the bill, and since the individual’s capacity to pay the bill for the common traditional governmental functions has already been over-taxed, some alternative must be found to prevent strangulation of the individual by pollution or by taxation. Many alternatives have been proposed, but all have been found wanting. Further increases in existing forms of taxation to maintain adequate levels of common functions and meet the financial needs of pollution control are not a real istic option simply because existing taxes are regressive and are at or above acceptable limits. Newer broad-based taxes, such as sales or graduated income taxes, are not the answer either, for "here they have been added to existing taxes the revenues have been nearly totally absorbed to shore-up ° er services. And, with federal, state, and local governments already expending more than one-third of -ludtOta* °f 'nd'v'dual incomes, it seems valid to conS.U e i^? tbe tax barrel is nearly dry. Substituting -jiosRa , ees ^or local services does place the costs on addjn W ° USe tben?’ but retaining current tax levels and 'hroupV?'”'3' Pees s'mPiy alters the method of wearing iinpopm? e pockets of the taxpayer. And, though it is higher f t0 Say S0’ lifting program responsibilities to sharin/ eVel °f §overnment or through grants or revenue- !getsaf« nLthe bi" to some one else is really the Ptlve'. because whoever mails out the checks co'rering funds from the individual. it is Rlany People, the situation appears; hopeless. .... ^fniiienr 0 ^hopeless. r °pe'ess- 'In n ^fact, act’ although “ although too too many many local ?°verni ^^uals ° , T I'viduaJs 'J|i"cials are are not not yet yet aware aware of it, they are as dOm already applying the ultimate solution to Cu,fent e st|c financial problems resulting from the "^equate?°mic sPueeze. The individual’s approach to tail'>rhiJ?C°me’ unless he is a fool, is to tailor and tailor his 'fe style to the dimensions of his resources. i" ^i'nVS ** same The „ifi 'ties of the community. approach Snored, therefore,’"Tan hontst^5 'Ong been government services and n? aPPraisal of local “st, and balance of COst aLTn VV?"15 °f need' which really isn’t maeic at all ■ n't- The maglc word. magic word, Pluralistic society . ' 'S PRI0RITY- Ours Ours is is a individual and group interest? of a g’?" Variet> °f Consequently, the great expected spot,tar, to on which services should he given priority to make room for others. The full responsibility for establishing and adhering to priorities rest squarely upon the public official. It is not an easy responsibility, but unless it is exercised, local government as we have known it will collapse under the weight of the simple traditional service needs and the failure to adjust services to the ..... new life style which technological development has thrust upon us. The local governments and counties in the Northeast region have recently had elections. All local governing bodies were reorganized in the first week of January. Environmental pollution is undoubtedly a high priority problem here. Local government activity in pollution control in all its forms has, in practical tangible terms, been almost universally neglected. It has been treated as a low priority item, except when responsibility can be shifted to the federal or state governments. The importance of the recent elections and reorganization of governing bodies is not that political control of governing bodies did or did not change hands, but whether or not our newly chosen governors shall continue the policy of evasion and drift or whether or not they will show a desire and courage to set priorities which will at least make way for fresh air to breathe, clean water to drink, and a pleasing environment in which to live. WHN growth conference looks at region Participants in the Eleventh Annual Community Growth Conference held at Wilkes College December 15 under the sponsorship of the Institute of Regional Affairs and the Greater Wilkes-Barre Chamber of Commerce took a hard look at the economic and environmental assets and liabilities of the Northeast Pennsylvania Region and explored its future potential under the conference topic “Area-Wide Investment in Northeastern Penn- sylvani a”. The all-day conference, opened by a welcoming address by Dr. Francis J. Michelini, President of the College, consisted of four topical sessions and a summary session addressed by John A. Hibbard, President, Economic Development Council of Northeastern Penn­ sylvania. Session chairmen were Andrew J. Sordoni, III, President, Greater Wilkes-Barre Chamber of Commerce; John P. Whitby, Chairman, Wilkes-Barre City Planning Commission; Howard Grossman, Executive Director, Economic Development Council of Northeastern Penn­ sylvania. Mitre Corporation for the prepared by the A report K.-rformed the. basis for the United States Bureau of Mines economic and -rt covered the of conference. The report, left in the region as a legacy environmental problems (Cont’d on back page) �c recovery of (Confd. from a century of coal the last twenty years of ""^nity efforts. of the Co(lference The opening and prmcip P staff mernber of the was Richard J. Buck, tech,^ ts of the Mitre Corporation, ^rtinhiSd;?700 nf "Area-Wide Considerations . page X Report specif, cay The six-month 800 g transportation, public covered mine fires, subslden.nd'use capital, State and utilities, labor and industry I ’vernment problems. Federal support programs, and loc Against the background in*"lowing Mr. Buck liabilities of the Region, sessl perspectives, SX^e^KvX/prioritiesJmplementa- tio of "e Recimmlndations: The Investment Future and Programs; and, the Comprehensive Investment, including Planning and Support. Reviewing the Report, Mr. Buck indicated the major assets of the anthracite area consist of (!) its strategi location with respect to metropolitan New York and the Northeast Corridor; (2) the nearly complete interstate highway system that provides ready access to several market areas; (3) the relatively peaceful urban life in which major social problems found elsewhere in the nation are not present; (4) an urban population of manageable size; and, (5) an attractive green belt extending for many miles around the former and current mining areas. Retention of these assets, according to Mr. Buck, requires major emphasis and effort by the public and private sectors on developing a strategy for financing environmental rehabilitation, coordinated land use and population distribution policies, necessary implementing legislation, new organization forms to implement these policies, and a public education program to gain support for the overall program. Said Mr. Buck, “Northeastern Pennsylvania can be the first area to implement an increasingly urgent and probably inevitable policy of deliberately managing the population growth of large urban areas on a regional basis’’. The Mitre Report suggests three strategies to develop the area: (I) A defensive strategy to preserve the existing Wilkes-Barre/Scranton area by creating green belt zones around the urban c land for recreation and encouragecenter • - de\ cleaned-up urban centers; (2) a new 1 create whole new towns to Li. and, (3) an aggressive private have less government interventi that the former anthracite c —community h= desire for >r rapid achievement of e as a of depression” C°no,nic | after two generations f diw" iS ’S'' "■ *aS I c -“X8? The principal speaker indicated ul influencing the future economic devel' the th: °prnent Of thSr is “the force of expansion from the Northea generally, and from New York and, PhiladeS^ particular”. He concluded that by! Pacing th Ph'a i. and liabilities of the development area in th* of national life, “unique opportunities be^S b 6 P' to Northeastern Pennsylvania ec°me an,= ”, ome availab|{ In addition to Mr. Buck, panel sneak Mrs. Rosamond Peck, H.E.L.P.; Dr.speakers Ral^k incS Ralph Chairman, Graduate and Research Dena,, P" Roze|le College; Edward Simon, Executive DirB6nt’ Wilk« Planning Board; William Wilcox, Secretary peCtOr’ St3lt Department of Community Affairs; Edward t"1571’'3"11 Director, Luzerne County Planning Commissin Marjorie Bart, Wilkes-Barre City Counci lwoman\ M'S' charge of registration. BE 'as 11 OUR GUEST We again invite you as one of our regular readers to attend the next session of the seminar series on the Regional Approach to Local Government Problems. Subject: “ Regional Approach in Public Health Functions”. Date: Third Wednesday in February. Place: Room 53 Parrish Hall, Wilkes College. Time: 7:30 - 9:30 P.M. THOUGHTS FOR TODAY Bees aren't really as busy as they seem to be — they just can’t slow down their wings. College presidents never die, they just lose their faculties. A parking space is the area that disappears while you are making a U-turn. IRA NEWSLETTER Institute of Regional Affairs Wilkes College Wilkes-Barre, pa. 18793 Non-Profit Organization U. S. POSTAGE PA,D Return Postage Guaranteed w id Wilkes-Barre* Permit No* 3 news-letter NO. 2 VOL XIX, I. WILKES C0LLEGETwiLKES^BARR|r PENNA. FEBRUARY 15, 1972 R. A.'S NEW HOME Institute of Regional Affairs has moved into The ■ . ore modern quarters in Franklin Hall, 165 South new - Street. Quartered, since its organization, on franklin f|oor of Parrish Hall, South River Street, the the L1 an(j its extensive community service programs Institute 'the direction of the late Dr. Hugo V. Mailey have under t',.the former physical facilities shared with the outgrown of Political Science. The move to Franklin nepartmen t ■■ ' 1 across from the College administraHa||, located directly __ ; iin n Weckesser Hall, fills the needs of the tlve offices Week office space in Parrish Hall for other Institute and a.- frees •• fademic departments. The new quarters occupy the entire basement of Franklin Hall which was completely renovated and decorated with an eye to privacy, easy access, and efficiency in operations. The facility consists of a large reception and secretarial room, two panelled private offices for the director and professional staff, supply, equipment, and student staff work rooms, and a large, well-lighted library stack room containing several thousand research documents and information materials. I.R.A's telephone number 824-4 6 51, extension 229. remains unchanged at I. R. A. SUFFERS LOSS The Institute of Regional Affairs suffers a great loss m the sudden death of Francis G. Ecker, Wilkes-Barre 'L Fire Chief. Chief Ecker was for many years ssociated with the Institute in a continuing in-service but"flnS f°F f'remen not only for the City of Wilkes-Barre or tbe wide regional area served by the I.R.A. A .nnat^e of Wilkes-Barre, he entered its fire depart"rent in 19377 and served as its Fire Chief since 1964. Mong the many activities which demonstrate his . ed'cation to his chosen occupation were his deep ^Nvement as member and leader in the Fire Chiefs ^sociat^H ° off Luzerne County, the International Bremen’ °a ^'re Fighters, tne the renusyi Pennsylvania State ----Crime Chn' S°C'ati°n’ an£) the Greater Wyoming Valley Eckl Sta^ the Institute of Regional Affairs, a reCord er Was more than a well-qualified official with record '"Spiran. 0 01Jtstanding performance. He was an l. :pira hu a tion t0 the staff because he exemplified the h,ghest °f good citizenship expressed by complete ■ -hose aspects of community life for which L fitted. Literally hundreds of firemen and mun'cipalities of the Northeast Region owe "S’- s faiJfm Greater Wilkr-Bar- area has lost a good and faithfu servant, and the Institute has lost a loved co-worker and friend. EDUCATION PROJECTS EXPANDING The Education component of the Institute of Regional Affairs has been engaged in four major projects during the past school year. These include R. E. A. D., Science Enrichment, College Consulting Team, and the Model Elementary School, each of which is being expanded, according to J. George Siles of the Education Department. The Reading Program, held each Saturday morning from 9- 12, is meeting with growing community acceptance, as indicated by the growth in enrollment from an initial ten pupils to forty this year. The program, designed specifically to eliminate the reading difficulties of children in the elementary, junior high, and senior high schools, has now attracted young people and adults who desire to improve specific reading skills or simply to increase the enjoyment of reading. The Science Enrichment Program for children is in its second semester and has already received nationwide accolades. Restricted to elementary school children, this project teaches scientific principles and methods on campus through activities based on the concept that science can be enjoyed. The program focuses on measuring, graphing, classifying, space. and.ume relationships, and predicting. ece activity experienced the joys of success.a ^-pac^. ty campus waOsereetnur;°ed with a Christmas card from a finder in New Jersey. Wilkes College Consulting■ has been The with administrators and J working District since last FaI D.st « P Area School organized 'Nation The team is also have been • in the district. developmentt and reorganiza conducting special The Wilkes Colleg tion in Wyoming Valley West Project, which Xn Area1 School districts, is Wyoming Area, and the P Area and Nanticoke X. expanded to include Dall as school being expo than y.uuu ei Area durin8n be involved in the program by next children (continued on next next page) page) �Director, Redevelopment Authority of the INSTITUTE OF REGIONAL VOL. XIX affairs NEWSLETTER FEBRUARY 15, 1972 NO. 2 This News-letter, published monthly as a community service, originates in the Institute of Regional Affairs of Wilkes College. Notes and inquiries may be addressed to Director, Institute of Regional Affairs Wilkes College, WilkesBarre, Pennsylvania 18703. Subscription free upon request. EDUCATION PROJECTS (cont’d.) The Model School Program has attracted widespread interest. Groups from many regional school districts as well as schools from Boston and Jackson Township, New Jersey, have observed the program’s operation. The television documentary, "The 3 R’s Will Never Be the Same Again", produced by James Gray, TV Channel 28. which was based entirely on the Wilkes Model Program, received popular approval in the Northeast Region reached by the station. The documen­ tary film placed among the top ten entries in the Annual Alfred E. DuPont Columbia University Awards. The competition included nearly 500 films, including entries from the major networks and such cities as Boston and Philadelphia. Readers having interest in any of these current programs should contact Professor Siles, Education Department, Wilkes College, or the Institute of Regional regional approach SEMINARS CONTINUE The success of intermunicipal cooperation in public health services was demonstrated by Dr. George Smith, Easton, at the fourth in an eight month seminar series on the “Regional Approach to Local Government Problems.” Dr. Smith is the Director C of the Bi-City Health Bureau which administers the whole -ia spectrum of health services for the cities of Allentown and Bethlehem. His explanation of the initial organization of the Bureau and its growing record of accomplishments gave tangible support to the Seminar thesis that many neglected or poorly conducted local government programs become surprisingly productive when two or more municipalities pool their personnel and financial resources in a cooperative program. The January session explored the potential of cooperative programs in the environmental area, including water and sewerage. The fifth of the series will be devoted to the topic Cooperation in Planning and Structural Rehabilitation and Renewal, and will be held in Room 53. Parrish Hall, Wilkes College, Wednesday, March 15, 7-30-9-30 P M The speakers will be Dallas Dollase, Director, Bureau of Community Planning, Pennsylvania Department of Community Affairs, and Leon E. Case, Jr." Executive r6 THINGS (cont’d) Barre. ^s. The public is invited to all sessions on the third Wednesday of each month Which through tff>AH »ns in a *Pecific state t0 ^e new black Hite citLZor nearly fifty years state laws violating the " tens- F°of citizens under the Federal Bill of Rights I dicial veto because the protections of the btnoed I- hrs were considered to restrict only the | Bili °f o'vernment and not the states. Not until 1925, POVERTY GROWING IN SUBUr York, did the United States Supreme federal 2°v. New ” BS Figures recently released by ■ • _ / the inG,tleVen hint that “Equal Protection” bound the Bureau of the Census on the prevalence United. Sta>es the civil and political rights of and' |0Cf. Ort t0 observe poverty may have an increasingly adver ,„ as it did the Federal government, T10"0' s<an citizens ( local government and their services e--';e eff ’fe« on merely stated that it “assumed” that A^'court then r.outside central city areas. Despite constant refe were protected against state infringement , of the “affluent society", poverty is not only sti||re ' once but then proceeded to uphold the ' t0 oUr with is growing. law on other grounds. ' us. bui state ’ I |93l, did the Court finally “nationalize” The bureau reports that the nation’s r-Not unti! million in 1970, which constitutes an i "f Rights when, in Near v. Minnesota, it million over 1969. This is the first year-toXe^ °f mo Bin c a state law on the grounds that it infringed invalidated speech and press as guaranteed by the Bill since 1959. Metropolitan areas accounted fn lncrease accounted for ; in the free mately 90 percent of the 1.2 million increa^0*'’ It took a long time to change interpretation 1 increat poverty population of the central cities pfau, kSe' The of Risht’■,‘sEqual ’ Protection” clause to make the states 400,000 to a total' ofr 8.2 Thus, abou'uo’ ** million. about of the w ' observe only that one basic civil right. But, Percent of the nation’s poor live in the central cities bound , t had been broken, and with an increasing tempo, the ice Court has in recent years added one civil The fotal poverty population now totals 12 6 the Supreme ( of the population, compared with 12.2 percent iTS right after another to the list protected and political infringement - all on the basis that the and 22.4 percent in 1959. While poverty increased 5l against state Federal Bill vi of Rights in conpercent between 1969 and 1970, the number of n0 state laws violated violatea the tne reueior since 1959 has decreased 35 percent. Of the 25°5 travention of the "Equal Protection” clause. a> million in poverty, 30 percent are blacks, about 9 percent are persons of Spanish speaking backgrounds, and about 60 percent are other whites. Not all of the federal rights have been thus dealt with by the Federal courts, but still the country has not ’et become accustomed to the changes that have occurred. The Bureau’s report highlights one specific figure which dispels the commonly held belief that the poor remain in cities while those with higher incomes move from the city to the suburbs, making the latter somewhat of a paradise, relatively free from the pangs of poverty. Of the 1.2 million increase in poverty in the metropolitan areas from 1969 to 1970, the increase in the poverty of suburbs exceeded in number the increase in the central cities by 250,000. Suburban poverty reached 650,000, or While still off balance, the country was shaken up recently when the California Supreme Court struck out in a “terrifying new direction” by ruling that the state’s system for financing its public schools, largely through the property tax, is unconstitutional under the “Equal Protection” clause, because it discriminates against children living in poor districts with a low tax base. Similar cases are pending in other states, such as Michigan, New Jersey, Texas, and Wisconsin. Should the California court decision be upheld in the pending appeal to the United States Supreme Court, the new extension of the "Equal Protection” clause to property Iax supported schools will shake the foundations of ■•W educational system, except perhaps Alaska and awaii. Six months ago, no one even dreamed of such a "evelopment. an increase of 21 percent. Areas adjacent to cities which have been able to meet service needs with the taxable wealth of its residents emigrating from the central city, will e hard-pressed to face this new fact of life in the 70 s. STRANGE THINGS HAPPENING! chang______ with ___ ___________ The trouble change is that it is always that change ing. In the "good old days”, it is said ■nough for wasn’t so bad because change was slow er But, H people to adjust to without too much difficu ty. that is apparent that to-day changes occur so rap _ that they seem to sneak up on us so unobstrusive like a ton o' are not aware of them until they fall on us bricks’_________________________________________ e clearly Nothing illustrates this observation J110. terpret3’ than the changes which have occured in t ® nt to the tion and application of the Fourteenth Amena teCtion Federal Constitution, particularly the “Equal ision of Law” clause. When adopted in 1868, protect'® that no state shall deny any citizen the equ -on of *'[ of the law was interpreted simply as an ex rights protections against state infringement o (continued on next page) "frighte aIr®,ady there are indications of even more tostitute^'v!/8 extens'ons- Peter G. Brown of the Urban case in ’ astllngton, D.C., commenting on the California for the i t ash'n£ton Post article, finds strong support c°nstrued erPretat'°n ttlat edual protection might even be iUrisdicti t0 Lnc'ude eQual public service within a given 't is not°tn' faints be preserved! Brown suggests that tettion” °i° mucH °f a step to apply the “Equal ProSlJburbs | C ause to the conflicts between cities and "'intent °cated within the same states. Often, radically patent D °f public services are found even in ,'re ProtArLtlCal iurisdictions . Schools, trash collection, .''I'ties P°lice services, sewer and water ik '°cal zn Ot^er goods and services normally supplied or ^°undarVernment' may be excellent on one side of t-^t of and extremely bad on the other. The fiscal J1"1® rate<. ny central cities is compounded by higher Cfate cas and ^Pically higher loads of health and es- Next door, other jurisdictions with a minimum of social p- '' low tax rates relative ,P-?baeto *1 £reater taX aSSets enW t0 the ^Penor services they receive. Brown seriously sees a trend of the courts to take an increasingly harder look at public service inequalities, indicating that the challenge is “to balance the values of freedom and of equality before the law in a society dedicated to both". It may seem rather far-fetched at the moment, but Brown may be correct, for poorer sections of cities have been successfully demanding equality of services with the richer sections of the same cities. It doesn’t take much imagination to expect that, especially in populous metropolitan areas, people in a poor juris­ diction may claim an equality in services with an adjacent jurisdiction. Perhaps the "Equal Protection" clause will be the door opener. Indeed, strange things are happening! WHN RESPONSIBILITY for CITY SURVIVAL The cities of America are in deep trouble. Once the unquestioned centers of progress in the country, many cities may have been overwhelmed to the point of decay by the ever-mounting accumulation of social, economic, and political problems. Incapable of halting decline with their own shrinking resources, city governments, and private enterprise as well, are desperately searching for outside help to bail them out. The variety of appeals and demands to federal and state governments for financial aid or assumption of local functions gives the impression of panic. Some authorities consider the plight of the cities so hopeless that their very survival is in doubt. Worse still is a growing attitude that perhaps, after all, cities are not worth saving. Desparation sometimes paralyzes the will to attack the problem and exhausts energies in a futile controversy as to who is to blame for the difficulty. Volumes have been written to prove that the urban crisis stems from modern technological developments which have increased the mobility of our population and stimulated a desire for a better life style, and therefore, drained off to the suburbs the financial and leadership resources. This, it is contended, has left the core cities with the need to maintain essential services with diminishing capability to pay the bills. There is a growing tendency of non-city residents to contend that the flight to the suburbs >s not the cause of urban stagnation and decay, but the effect of the city’s past failures to recognize its problems early enough and to take responsible action to preserv the city as an attractive place to work and live. In either event, placing blame may be satisfying as an emot.onal release but it does not solve problems. Whatever the causes^citydiiemmas. America must face the fact that the modern wor d wit ou not mean the at' a* current problem o mee attributed to.thes fact Obviously, this does of th responsibilities can be proposed solutions are ePthe city as we have conditioned by the observation of the city depends known it. The UltwacoenceepSteoVfawhat the city should be a newdoFor example, the traditional city UP°n undint8shall it shall do. and what i on back page) (continued �responsibility for as an enclave v------within equally is no longer tolerable prob|ems. areas, i monthly seminars . regional approach to The which is sponsored by the I R A Nationa| League of Cities, spons w.increasingly explored by ^rnnient was a major topic Most recently, regio g convention in Hawaii, discussed at the Leag i(Jent Agnew reflected the In a key address, VP c(jrrent administration by support of regionalisnii by prob|ems -X.«’sth:Hie^: bas »bec:unr spirit of “^s^etg^ators, federal' officials, ?othjn sc, and above all, the Executive Branch and in Congress, and outside of the on the part of the general public^ mt..... reahzation'that the city's problems city There must be a r^a.:z2t.'?n vr. or c.” even ?*'“n in the state cannot be solved in Washington, cooperation of both is capital, although the total c. essential”. Any change. in the ccr.ccpt concept of the city must be change in the thinking and proceeded by a revolutionary r—---------- , . attitudes of officials and citizens alike. The Vice President made this quite clear when he said that “There must be adopted in America a truly metropolitan approach to the city's problems. And this is going to require great changes in attitude by mayors and city councilmen, as well as by county and state officials. These governmental units can no longer view themselves as isolated enclaves, independent of each others problems. A new spirit of cooperation is essential if we are to solve this nation's domestic problems. While the city’s problems may be isolated in a geographical sense, their effect permeates the entire metropolitan area, and the entire metropolitan area should assist in eliminat­ ing them”. The Vice President’s support support of of metropolitan metropolitan or regional approach to city problems, of course, only added the prestige of his office to a movement which is rapidly gaming momentum throughout the nation. However, support for regional government comes mainly from the cities themselves who need the resoUrc jurisdictions. Resistance to regional aDn °f SUrro„ in the jurisdictions adjacent to the citi °ach is ndir>8 desire to assume any of the citys’ h h° 0n8 forseeable advantage to themselves i„rdens cities like Wilkes-Barre and Scranton are°7 °wn S | ,/2 and without them the whole Northeast re£in facts of,I But regionalism has little more than rh J1 W°u|<i s ur^ I NEWS-LETTER here. Residents of neighboring communities r'Cal suDn r’ I to forego their current geographic and polir Un*illi w become a formal part of a regional or al auto,J8 I government, called Greater Wilkes-Barre "'^“lita Scranton, in which the city proper would be’r,°r Gre4" ing factor. Says the suburbanite, "Name one^ ^'nai' one we should tie to or support the city". reas°n wk The psychology of resistance to the reei in our area is understandable. As in °ther°^P> PLEASE country it is a product of our history. The tim h lhe however, when residents can no longer ,e has c°me, examination and re-evaluation of their prj V°'d a re-’ only choice is to rest content with our now °ritles' ThE talk to £2LLEcir~ioESBABF THIS IS YOUR NEWSLETTER! PLEASE HELP US WRITE IT! metropolitan tax pool , - .. Commercial-industrial development in the HazletonI Scranton.WiIkes-Barre a -----metropolitan areas has not been Ptocess of unmixed blessings. True, jobs have been ^eated and the growth in buying power has revived a proCe business community. Only a fool would (Urtk°Se,a cease-fire on continued efforts to promote to i/r eve'°Pment- But, it is also foolish to continue •his d°re i^e e^ects the pressures and strains which suburb676 opment has imposed upon some of the urban, A an’ ar|d rural municipalities. I I IRA NEWSLETTER Institute of Regional Affairs Wilkes College Wilkes-Barre, pa. 18703 Non-Prof'1 Organization U. s. postage paid Return Postage Guaranteed Wilkes-Barre, a' Permit No. 3 variousSeri°US Pr°hlem has been developing among I develonCOrntnun'ties because the distribution of economic ^acilitjeTe|?r as b>een uneven. Commercial and industrial I ’ions w haVe ^een 'ocated in a few municipal jurisdic| tax bas 1 tidin'' I ' 3 concentration of the high-value property leavi"g most others with the problem of indUstW,th PENNA. MARCH 15, 1972 us por two decades the Institute of Regional been talking through this NEWSAffairs has LETTER , to an increasing number of readers Up to now, We now passing the 2,600 mark. decided what subjects should be included, —t that We alone judged what would which meant interest or help our readers. The staff would like its i- readers to let it know what type of ' s and what subjects would help to make articles ; the NEWSLETTER a true conversation between the many friends of the College and the Institute. The Institute's aim is to serve the people and local governments in the region. We conclude that it is time to ask how best this can be done. Naturally, we are not asking for "nasty" comments, although we really profit by them. By telling us what you want, we can eliminate the need for criticism of what we may have been doing wrong. local prides and prejudices and endure the inerg °nablE devastating pains of costly and ineffective t ’• fragmented municipalities or reverse the priority in order regional units which can pool personal and:r t0 create financial resources capable of supporting a modern life style. Although Vice President Agnew did not indicate how the obstacles to regionalism might be overcome he was quite emphatic that they must be overcome, and derided the common attitude that the citys’ problems are their own fault and their own responsibility. Who is responsible for the survival of the cities’ The people in the cities, of course. But they are not alone. "No”, said the Vice President, "the basic solution to the city’s problems must begin with the acceptance of responsibility by those who live off the city, who benefit from its commerce, who enjoy its conveniences and unique facil i ti es. I don’tmean just the city residents; I mean those who live around it, who work in it by day and leave it by night; all of those who visit it to shop, who ride its transit vehi cles, enjoy its theaters, museums, restaurants, zoos, clubs and sports arenas, and expect to walk or ride through its streets in safety. They will have to pay for, as well as enjoy, the city’s benefits . WHN WILKES NO. 3 VOL XIX, on a low-value base. Some comremaining land have zoned in favor tax and commercial purposes in order to raise h°Using anVthus excluding low and medium income J’educatB , fo,rcing into other communities more children ’’bout a r ltb°Pt an adequate increase in the tax base. air share of growth in commercial-industria IS consolidation. However, here as elsewhere municipal merger is still too controversial to expect in the near future. So, too, is the attempt to urge local governments to join hands in an intermunicipal or regional arrangement to provide services within an equitable and feasible financial agreement. The Twin City Metropolitan area of MinneapolisSt. Paul has suffered from this same imbalance of industrial-commercial development distribution and the same resulting problems arising from the concentration of high value tax bases in a few communities to the detriment of most others. With the support of the State Legislature, the area has struck upon a unique “insurance policy” for all its communities which holds some promise of at least alleviating some of the fiscal ailments of the development imbalance. The new plan is essentially one of guaranteeing to each municipality in the metropolitan area of part of the growth in tax valuations which may occur in any other part. The recently enacted law guarantees to to __ ' the ' Twin ‘ i Cities areaevery unit of local government in village, township, whether a city,--------------------------r- school district, county, or special district share of 40 r percent of special district — aa $■.««» --the region’s future growth in commercial-industrial tax >uu„, of where in the 3,000 square-mile "bJildings Cheated. the new commercial-industrial buildings are located. of the valuation of a new shopping For example, some in or center ... township will be made ^part ■ j entire metropolitan area. Each communities in the e...... share of the 40 SnmbeX’tSermined mamly 5 percent to be dtstr. u e ;„n is below the metropolitan Pr°pPe:rcapitaIUit will 'receive0' larger share, and will receive a larger s----average per capita, it smaller share. if above average, a s winners and losers, Obviously, there will still be are expected to be not as great but the differences ___ area will the rule ----- r for the Twin Cities because no longer be that of “the winner development game t- -■ of the urban c----take all’’. tax-base sharing is a ■■ -*3 end result of The immediate the plan’s Prirna’T of tax revenues, But, f redistribution c. - the early years, is expected to least benefit, at lc —- in t..- - Mtal (continued on next page) �affairs INSTITUTE OF REGIONAL newsletter NO. 3 MARCH 15, 1972 VOL. XIX Lis News-letter, publ^hed-nthlytua^ This commi1Uni —|tyAffariVrsCofWi'lkes College. Notes and Regional A L addressed to Director, Institute inquiries may bejddressed^ Wj|kes. of Regional Pennsylvania 18703. Barre, Subscription free upon request. they really are what they think they are Thwhat the Federal Commission on Cities in the‘c did as described in its report late last ye2 Se^enti1' many cities and conducting scores of LM* heari tgs 8 citizens and officials throughout the c ®ar'ngs c°untrygS Commission concluded that the true image of trA th at all levels would crack the mirror/ - gOvp"’excerpt from the Commission’s Reportis quite spb('ering8 "This message we received loud and clear v• -Wherever we went: To an increasing extent Americ; r :a" institm public public and private, are losing the c;co"f'dence Jt,ons American people. Scarcely anything d or • of th: influence escapes from this pervasive d'SUi;_s corporations or courts or legislatures or mayors or bankers or doctorsSC^°ls’ policemen or mayors or bankers or doctors." T not reasons ffor this distrust, as we hear, is that those ---------'3 are unable or u,lwlll institutions and' people respond to the needs and desires of those whose de' are in their hands. Doubtless a I—;: SS*? J 6 chie’ its impact on urban development decis.ons. It shou d reduce the deliberate use of municipal police powerJO restrict certain kinds of development and encourage others in order to fatten the local tax base, because each community will benefit from new shopping centers and industrial plants outside its borders. It should also help to tear down the barrier to more even distribution of low and medium income housing, because the more people allowed to move into any community will mean a larger share of the 40 percent regional growth based on population. Less direct, but nevertheless significant, benefits include added environmental protection and an aid to planning and decision-making on metropolitan facilities. No longer will it be necessary to allow development on marginal land, such as floodplains, simply to create an adequate tax base within a community, because each can adopt a rational open-space protection plan without fear of eroding the tax base. New airports, transit lines, freeways, sewer lines, metropolitan parks, and similar projects can be constructed because there will be a reduced need to be concerned about the impact on the tax base of one community over another. One aspect of the plan, which should commend it for consideration in the highly fragmented Hazleton to Scranton area, is that the law works entirely within the present framework of local government. No metropolitan taxing agency is created. No additional taxes are imposed. All localities continue to make their own la°wCalSoCiSi0nS On 'levying feVyin£ Pr °perty taxes‘ And the property law also maintains fiscal responsibility because no jurisdiction .. is permitted r’......... J t0 tax its share of the region's growth without imposing the same rate against its own resident voters. 7-77, Hk, who feel that way are resigned, whether t. not, to things being like that. The breadth -1 and depth of the cynicism we found in the country was distressing. However, we also found everywhere a few c°urageous and optimistic people working hard to recapture — a control of their destinies, to reform or rebuild the s;! s°cial and economic and political structures of America so that once again the people have a significant and continuing voice in the matters that concern them.” "As a nation, Americans are going to have to make some hard decisions about the quality of national life And if people in the city want factories, parks, and pollution-free air to exist at the same time in the same place, for example, government must be the mechanism by which the fairest choice is made. The failure of government to be that mechanism had led to the cynicism about government which we found. We look toward the day when the same kind of energy and determination we found in the cities is directed toward making government better.” ASSESSORS COURSE IN APRIL An intensive week-long course for professional assessors will be held at Wilkes College during the week of April 17 through April 21, with daily sessions from 9:00 A.M. to 4:00 P.M. All sessions will bene in the Chase Theater. of Region.31 Sponsored and arranged by the Institute ’s the assessor assessor's Affairs, the course will adhere to the ■ ‘•'‘fl Association curriculum established by the International -- 1 1 jii& M/ UIIKIII vs-... ----------/— "C ’’lCharles c ofz Assessors. * The program . instructor ______ will " ube nr. ■■ with that Barr, Chicago, Illinois, who is associated Association. wide Early registrations have been received frorn The area extending beyond the Northeast count's^. for College will make available dormitory r0 registrants from the more distant communities. ma/ ma/ b* Information on course fees, rooms, et^;’ ThofaS obtained by contacting the Project Project Direcwu Director, ■ ••• ^olisB' intacting the Garrity, Luzerne erne County Assessor, Gou |nStjtUte Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania, f ____ z,_____ . or the office 0 y/j|kes' iffairc I4C of Regional Affairs, 165 Cnnth South Pranklin Franklin ^^2^9) Barre, Pennsylvania. (717-824-4651, ext. w WHN MIRROR on THE WALL had illusions ofer 'bla^ty InT to admire her reflected irL! WOrnan who ’ ? Z'ng lnt0 the mirror »is'2.;sv.7“d, Public officia|s =“lves to see if ULTIMATUM TO SCRANTON apparently has run out on the City of Scranton’s rus as the only city of the Second Class A in healthTechnically, the City should have to Third Class Status after the I960 census reverted popu|ation had fallen below the statutory : hecalj5e Given a respite by a revision in the code for mini'"1'"1; the City had nearly ten years in which to take its clas ’ steps to revert to the lower classification I aPPropr'he same time, al low the peopl e of the municipality I alld’3 mine the form, organization, and powers of a t0 deri ss City under the Optional Charter Law. Third Class 1Ci<awanna County Court a few weeks ago upheld A La>' ” tention of a citizen s suit that the City of the c°nI had again fallen below the minimum population Scrantonclass and should be re-classified as a City of for its c Class. Third The Court mandated that the City the • revert to the lower status by January I, 1973 or must1 authority to act as a municipality. Surprisingly, lose its :fs decree appears to have shocked the officials the Court itizens of the community although the prospects ®ere well known for more than a decade. Ti"1 The Constitution of Pennsylvania provides that for oses of “general legislation” the political subr^sions of the state may be classified by the General Assembly into cities, boroughs, and townships on the I ,asis of population. Cities were originally classified into three classes, but the City of Scranton was designated as a City of Class 2A, making a fourth class to include a population range from 135,000 to 500,000. A special City Code was prescribed, establishing the present form and organization, as well as some special powers. In most respects, it operates under the same powers as Pittsburgh, a City of the Second Class, although its organization differs considerably. For example, in Scranton the annual budget is prepared by the City Council, while in Pittsburgh, it is prepared under supervision of the mayor, subject to councilmanic approval. The respective municipal codes specify not only the population range of each municipal class, but also the procedure whereby each may rise or fall in classificadon. For example, a borough or township _______ r reaching 10,000 population may become a City of the Third Class by a popular referendum, but will remain a borough or W i 'ownship, if no action is taken. However, a City of the | hd Class which a decennial census shows to have ? en below the 10,000 minimum automatically retains | ^at status unless the people vote to revert to a borough. I H,e SLanie Procedures hold true for the two classes of I “wnships. i difJhe Position of -• a - City of the Second Class A is , °ltferent. U UP to the early 1960’s, the Second Class A 2 Provided that a City of the Third ..... Class . may by 135oonPtl°n nse t0 Class 2A status upon reaching the Provided rn'n'rnum population. On the other hand, it Wea|th tbat whenever the Governor of the Commoni census Certified that upon the basis of one decennial I ’'tscriho^ C't7 this class had dropped below the icrihea tnis c,ass naa uroppeu H'inimum, it would automatically revert to the lower ea minimum, eom??; §iven t0 the next municipal election the Squired '"-d to effect the necessary charge. , While tbe census was in progress in I960, the e? nt°n C ■ t drop el°* the, 'ty government anticipated a population by 35,000, and, upon their request a, study t—- and pSeas'shouC?dn°the drop^ °Ut'ined the °Pdons the census showed the cirv'c ?p materialize. ± “be When the and was successful ir1 pressingthV/V*^0" of time changing the condition of reverb This gave the City at least ten Ratification. “S? X ■„ sSda°“= a'cL»„ST.,V. n.p.i.7 ..d7."7L,sh““ 1 lu”hr » -for- Aw "mi7 whatever re s”s’:ss indicate that . a way out is being sought. One proposal has been to once again request the General Assembly to extend the two-census rule, or enact other respite leoiclntegislation. Another is to request the Court to extend the time limit to allow the City to take advantage of new home rule legislation which will be effective by April 23, 1972. The given reason for requesting delay is that under the Court decision the reversion to Third Class status would require Scranton to change to the outmoded and ineffective Commission form of government which was standard for the class prior to the Optional Charter Law. By coincidence, the City of Allentown has surpassed the 135,000 population figure, and together with Erie, is eligible to become a City of the Second Class A if it desires. Allentown a few years ago changed from the Commission to the Strong-Mayor form under the Optional Charter provisions of the Third Class law, and has made great strides in municipal administration. Recently, the officials of the City visited Scranton to evaluate the Second Class A form, and publicly reported that it would be a step backward to advance in classification since the Scranton form had nothing to offer. This brief resume of the Scranton problem is in no way intended as a criticism of the City or any of its --- ui -- present. —■—* Undoubtedly, the dilemma UHICiaiO, paou or wiiwv /» officials, past which Scranton faces between now and January is ot the City’s own making. But it is understandable why any be reluctant reluctant to sny city city would would be to forego its distinction as '.szs or the only city of a given c class - to face the necessity ot city’s traditional organization and reorganizing the c_, ’ operations. What is intended is to call attention to the observe- pOp„iL™ h.s Historically, it was ena |eg.s|ation„ under the deception to pe mit P |ass> The argument cloak of “general leg.spopulatlOns require that munic'pallt'e^anizat^ns, powers, and procedures different forms, org 7 have had some m may quite plain to anyone is < aspects of local governm abouc home rule? agricu|tural era, but it observe that all should be determined solely resources of its WHN �COOPERATIVE PUBLIC WORKS SEMINAR directors of most outstanding, One of Pennsylvania’s at a seminar featured speaker i Public Safety will be the Protection" to be v;:c3 Pre"' on “Cooperative Fire and Police of Regional Affairs m conducted by the Institute 01 _ Wednesday, Room #53 Parrish Hall, Wilkes College, April 19, from 7:30 P.M. to 9:30 P.M. Ci;/ in the City Herbert C. Yost, Director of Public City not only for his of Lancaster has been cited frequently r.. that City, but organizational and operational success in as a consistent supporter of intermunicipal agreements to improve local government services. 3UJ, topics as the inadequacy The session wi II explore such -al ^protection organization and and luxury of small local for rimproved protection through services; the potentials f~. ... i neighboring communities, cooperative programs betweento intermunicipal fire and state legislation pertaining to and, examples of effective police protection agreements; a., cooperative arrangements currently in effect in the Commonwealth. This will be the sixth in a series of eight monthly seminars conducted by the Institute on the general subject of the "Intermunicipal or Regional Approach to Local Government Problems”. The series, open to public officials and interested citizens in the counties of Carbon, Lackawanna, Luzerne, and Schuylkill, is conducted under a grant from the Pennsylvania Depart­ ment of Education, agent for the Higher Education Act for Community Service and Continuing Education Pro­ grams. All public officials in the four-county area were recipients of special invitations to the sessions, but the general public is encouraged to attend sessions of special interest. CONFERENCE ON - DEATH & °V1N “VlNa — death ' A one-day conference on and sponsored by the Institute of Regional AffadyinS. 5* Luzerne-Wyoming County Mental Health Cem an w td * held at the Center for Performing Arts On w’ W'H April 12 from 10:00 A.M. to 5:00 P.M. We<Jnes ' esday The purpose of the conference is i to help ‘hoSe persons who are in a position to counsel approaching death, , and their families, j -. to ’ deal eventuality. The ‘featured 1 speakers will be Dr h ,ho Melchiode and Dr. Perooz Sholevar, both at Hahnemann Medical College and i known authorities in this little r 4 VOL- XIXJ^ TRAFFIC ‘AND -St* counseling. The conference will be focused on the Pk\yc.ll°lo8ica| dimensions of terminal illness, death, and berea".ave’ment. Physicians, nurses, members of the ministry • • and academic gerontologists who encounter death in their professional lives, are encouraged to paregular|y Participate and communicate with each other on effective helping people cope with approaching death, ■; c ways of ■ dying, and ... bereavement in a professional setting at the College Inherent difficulties in the dying process will be dealt with openly during the conference. Registration will be opened at 9:30 P.M. at the Center for Performing Arts. The Conference fee ? $5.00 per person, including luncheon at the Center Arrangements are in charge of Professor Andrew Shaw, Jr., Director of the Institute of Regional Affairs. THOUGHTS FOR TODAY EVENT OF YEAR COMING UP | | ' ' | I MARK YOUR DATE BOOK . , I | your shoulder and it will Sometimes a woman doesn’t care for a man's company unless he owns it. Show me a man who doesn’t turn around to look ata walking wit with pretty girl, and I'll show you a man out walking his wife. IRA NEWSLETTER Institute of Regional Affairs Wilkes College Wilkes-Barre, Pa. 18703 Non-Profit Organization U. S. POSTAGE Return Postage Guaranteed Wilkes-Barre. P3' permit No. 35 transit seminar Many aspects of the traffic and transportation problems experienced by all communities in the Northeast region, a..-' and u™!!/ usually ""c attacked 1-" by k " “ each ~-k municipality individually, i.idividuz'.ly. will '"ill be he explored. exolored. Among the problems which lend themselves to regional or intermunicipal solutions which will be probed are the consequences of purely local responsibility for street construction and maintenance, traffic control, snow and ice control, and mass transit. Emphasis will be given to joint planning of these activities, joint purchasing arrangements, mutual equipment utilization, and inter-municipal contractual services. Enough is what satisfies us if the neighbors don't have more. on mass The featured speakers and discussion leaders at the May sessions will be Thomas Bigler, News Director, 7", Wilkes-Barre, and George Kandra, Director WBRE-TV, o'fPublic Works in Allentown. Most people spend money they don’t have to buy things they don’t want to impress people they don't like. Take responsibility leave no room for chips. WILKES COLLEGE, WILKES-BARRE? 3 College Seminar series on "The Regional The Wilkes Local Government Problems" will hold its Approach to L H -h session on May 17th in Parrish Hall, South seventh Street, on the subject of "Regional and InterSnicipal Approach to the Problems of Traffic and Mass muni of the eight seminars are held T^nsit”. All sessions sessi J Room 53 from 7:30J to 9:30 P.M. on the third Wednesday of eachi month concluding in June. Statistics can be used to support anything — especially statisticians. The biggest and most enjoyable event in the Institute’s 1972 program is now in the final planning stage - the Twentieth Annual Awards Dinner to be held in late May. Final arrangements and the detailed program will appear in the May issue of the NEWSLETTER. NEWS-LETTER -AN . I ■ PAID This session is directed especially to the problems of municipalities in the counties of Carbon, Lackawanna, Luzerne, and Schuylkill. Therefore, members of local governing bodies and their appropriate public work supervisors, officers and directors of community organiza­ tions, and interested lay citizens are invited and urged 'o attend. ' Inst?6 e'8^t'sess'on series is being conducted by Penns'? ^e8'onal Affairs under a grant from High?y V?n'a department of Education, agent for Cent/ • ducation Act for Community Service the the the and lnu|ng Education Programs. ^ere's no fee or admission charge. CONFERENCE ON death AND DYING HELD | ?e|d on Aor'M o cor|ference on Death and Bereavement "'Ikes Col'l 'n t*1e <--enter f°r tl,e Performing Arts, *Uccesses 6pe’ was one of the year's outstanding th 'rs and 5'°'spons°red by the Institute of Regional d ?thee Luzerne-Wyoming Mental Health Center, lne. .':?nsnoan Vati °vativee pr°8ram attracted nearly 200 physicians, lri■ 'lnn sters ?OriCe rned wnurses nU?SeS and other professionals who are icerngj ____ r ._L_-T s m?-... "’any .laW''th t'1 the nrnhiom Pr°blem n off Avino dying and and death, as well ' residents of the region. PENNA. APrTmeClT! The general session lectures and a series of small a series ofdimen small­ group discussions focused on the psycho-social sions of terminal illness, death, < ' ’ __ ........ —, and bereavements. The conference objective was to help those who are in a position better tc “ to counsel the ill and their families on how to deal with « th approaching death and its aftermaths, According to a recent recent iissue of Life Magazine, this area of counseling is justt now beginning to receive the attention it warrants. The feature of the conference were lectures by Dr. lectures by Dr. Gerald Melchiode on "The Individual and Death", and by Dr. Pirooz Sholevar ,„r on “The Dynamics of Death and the Family". Dr. Melchiode, arnative of Philadelphia, completed his medical training and residency in adult'Psychiatry at Hahnemann Medical College and Hospital. He has had extensive training in psychoanalysis and is presently Senior Clinical Instructor in the Department of Mental Sciences at Hahnemann and Assistant Professor of Adult Psychiatry at the Medical College. He now serves as a psychiatric consultant to all federal government agencies in the Philadelphia area, and has published extensively in noted medical and psychiatric journals. Dr. Sholevar, a native of Iran, completed his medical training at Tehran Medical College, and his residency in psychiatry at the Philadelphia General Hospital. He has had additional training in Group Psychotherapy, Family Therapy, Behavior Therapy, and Psychoanalysis. He served as Clinical Director of the Southern Home for Children, Director of Clinical Services at the Albert Einstein Community Mental Health Center, and Director of Family Therapy at the Einstein Medical Center. Currently, he is Director of Extended Treatment Programs for Child and Adolescent Psychiatry at Hahnemann Medical College. The seminar was arranged and directed by Mr. Robert Santos Director of Consultation and Educanon of the I uzerne-Wyoming County Mental Health Center, District | “Td Professor Andrew Shaw. Jr., Director of the Institute of Regional Affairs. Let's Get Together Again TWENTIETH ANNUAL AWARDS DINNER Tuesday, May 23 - 6:30 PM New Men’s Dormitory $2.50 Per Person RESERVATION DEADLINE MAY 19 �affairs institute of regional The basic idea is to apply the resources newsletter VOL. XIX x:— NEW TOWNS NO. 4 APRIL IM”2 community service, orig 0||ege. Notes and ««’“••• VERSUS object to the hoplessness that nothing J» Can k It wisely proposes a "dual strategy” des designed t d°ne. such expansion rather than allow it to grow uncJ and then to provide as much of an alternative th°lled development of "growth centers". GROWTH CENTERS In Pennsylvania, as well as other populous states, the European idea of constructing entirely new towns to ease ^pressures on urban, suburban, and metropolitan areas, is in its infancy. Although our limited experience in this country indicates some promise of benefits, even the most optomistic expectations leave much to be desired. For one thing, should too much attention be paid to the development of completely new towns where none existed before, will funding limitations continue to cause the country to ignore existing communities which appear to be stagnant but which have some reasonable promise of potential development and growth if attended to? A car or plane trip anywhere in the east never fails to impress one with the tremendous problems of over­ population, congestion, air pollution, and the like, in highly urbanized metropolitan areas. With industry and business continuing to stick as close as possible to profitable populous areas, urban sprawl continues to expand and enlarge already overwhelming social and governmental problems. and private sources to encourage growth urban centers in economically depressed r as Northeast Pennsylvania, in order to enh ' nificantly the opportunities for residents in thes^' Cultivation of growth of such communities potential in the hinterland might well decongestion in populous urban areas. Center Strategy” r~ ir„e„C.omrnended fOr areas with development potential — ranging in tion from about 25,000 to 350,000 and capable of'.Popula. sion to 50,000 to 500,000 - "to create new jobs exPan. 5 nearer to or within the declining rural areas”. A "Growth is It is generally conceded that programs of Economic Development Administration, the Appa|acXthe ■ian Regional Commission and the Title V regional ' commis. sions have produced only limited success. The Commission urges that some communities will grow without outside intervention. For other communities "no reasonable amount of future investment could forestall the necessity for population decline as an adjustment to the decline in job opportunities". The Commission would not simply write off those communities in chronically depressed areas which have outlived their economic function. Rather than attempt to stem such decline, it would seek ways of easing the decline process, assisting, though not encouraging, out­ migration of those who may want to leave and maintain­ ing the basic services for those choosing to remain. This new approach to alleviating the problems of metropolitan areas by helping existing growth centers might be symbolized by the famous statement of Edward Bok, onetime citizen of Scandanavian birth, who, when criticized for having words of praise for his native land replied, "When I take a wife, must I throw away my mother”? In other words, is it wise to create new towns and commit the old ones to inevitable decline an The Commission on Population Growth and the American Future has officially recognized neglect of existing communities which are standing still or moving very slowly because more spectacular programs such as the "New Town” concept have received most official attention. What this Commission has now done, in effect, is to focus attention on a question that most who live in such "ignored” communities have long asked Why don’t we do something to take the pressure off excessive expansion of the nation’s metropolitan regions by helpmg smaller cities with some growth potential? In other words, why don’t we do something about my town? 6 ----» successful The Russian moon shots are much IIIVI more found 20 percent than the American shots since they f„. fewer cavities. If an object It’s easy to understand modern art. can walk bangs on the wall, it's a painting; if y°u ‘ In its final report just issued, the Commission called for removal of barriers to population stabilization coupled with a crackdown of migrants and restriction of around it, it’s sculpture. finished Did you ever stop to think, if Puccini had W0Uld Madame Butterfly two weeks earlier, his opera review'mm'|Vaa|Osn CUrrent.Ievels- subject to periodic jew. It also suggested overhaul of suggested top-to-bottom t----- ' Policy-making machinery to give the enuntrv r to give the c—■ on public and private actions influencing or infl a influencing by population distribution. g ° influenced have been called Madame Caterpillar. growth' inXtSeOxpaX8nif COntinued urban formerly rural fringe areas, isTneviublT B« MoS demise? WHN THOUGHTS FOR TODAY money to I found c_: ’ out that the government sends getti ng a I should be underdeveloped areas, I figure I -Lsizable check shortly. -r who Lady Godiva was the greatest woman horseever lived. She put everything she had oni one ° is the' The only quarrel with an inferiority compleX people who need one never have it. URBANKS?? ■ al officia's struggling their best to become I MuH'O11?^ the strange names of new federal programs , „j|iar aSSist local government financially are f :^edbe chaflenged by another. URBANKS! 1^aboutt0 oontrols the P|oSss' ofiS T t0° far-fetched to < the ultimate to envisage ,b”!h such a potential ly dangeroi The federal J " urbank” plan which is Othethat f°r neW bills in the Congress propose the A sP f various federal banks designed to assist creati°n ° nrnents in financing capital requirements loCal 8° g are not enough already. The idea behind all 3s ifther that in a time of troubled market conditions ofthemJhe better to sell state and local obligations to itw°u'd | government than through the traditional the It channels. I pf'Va proposed federal banks - "urban banks”, TheSe ks”. or- “Urbanks” for short, have a common I .‘rural ban Tha new federal "bank” would sell its own aPProach’b|igations in the general market and use the taxable °w pUrchase municipal offerings at lower "tax proceeds relying on the Congress to make annual '^adons to make up the difference. The appropria1 appr°Prl c|aimed, would leave the municipal borrowers i tionS’ 'nd would cost the federal government nothing. intaCt mention is that the Treasury would take back the The,C? „ by taxing the interest paid out on the “banks” 'u° Jions whereas no tax could be levied if the °b 'tinals were sold directly to the public. This claim mUn't|y based on Treasury testimony in 1968 that it I |S P ' in income ravpc: taxes, aa full full 42 42 nerr.ent percent nf of thp the I could recover, interest paid if municipals should become taxable than municipalities could lose by selling i which is more , taxable obligations. Thus the "Urbank” solution boils down to letting 1 municipalities sell taxable bonds indirectly through the federal “Urbank” with every level of government the gainer. These proposals may, of course, have some merit. One observation seems valid, however. Municipalities and their responsible officials should by now have i sufficient experience with so-called "give-away federal programs to realize that any plan which costs nothing to realize that any plan which costs nothing to anyone and 1benefits all at the same time should ■ --------------. At be suspect. At least they should be carefully probed. Some objections already seem obvious even before any of the proposals have been adopted. For example, a federal “urbank” free, but not com­ pelled, to lend could exert enormous influence over state and local government policies wholly outside of the proper federal sphere as has occurred under other existing programs. It takes no stretch of the imagination ,? “ee that in reviewing municipal applications, t e urbank" administrator may be influenced, even if only ““consciously, by a myriad of political considerations "poht’^ dest and t'le meanesc sense °f th6 wor Ri?°?er Possibility may be that the “urbank” concept gives 7 7 ■ | w dwarf and Perhap^e/et'. era• l government the potential “ltimately°dry "up'^the"interest of privateunder- I rtersS°:flf rmunicipal the Environmental'' WHN FEDERAL revenue FAVORS CITIES bill hivhlvdnnhrReVTe SLharing leSislati°n. which has been for LPn 6 rasJhe best hope for financial salvation for urban areas of the country, appears to be stalled in the legislative mill. So far, the most productive action promises to be the scheduled action on April II by the House Ways and Means Committee on a proposal to share S5.3 billion in federal revenues annually with $1.8 billion reserved for the states and $3.5 billion for cities and counties. Under the House Committee proposal, all incorporated municipalities would be eligible for aid, including governmental entities short-changed on federal programs for lack of required matching capability, ineligible for lack of planning, or lacking staff skilled in grantsmanship. The proposed formula for alloting shares of the total grant fund includes need, as reflected by low income, and tax effort as shown by the level of spending in relation to tax base. Should this proposed measure be adopted ultimately, the smaller urban and rural areas will again be short­ changed. On the assumption that the degree of urbaniza­ tion inflates public costs, not to say urban voting strength, there is a built-in factor favoring cities of 50,000 population or more, at least during the initial operation of the program. As interpreted by Committee sources, there is a strong urban bias, in fact, in formulas for allocation of funds among states, county areas within states, county and municipal governments within counties, and between municipalities of varying sizes. States would be given latitude, however, in allocating funds among counties5 a,J ' jndivMu^Hawors. city lobby, and the n recently organized lobby_for sm it would be naive not to expect favor the metropolises. In an(j fura| areas, weighing w : of the everi to problems The . . growing emphasis < or areawide for spending on a multicounty by providing f— taking hold. states where regionalisnn iss^ counties basis in Specifically, where two, or_ more certain have been designate £ offerings. Should “urbanks ever 1 f me the -a major or, perhaps, the only available source I 'Or ^ [p.. n.'5'Pal ■ borrowing, it increases the threat of •tation and control. At best we could be new spreading federal bureaucracy with al a.nd costliness of unravelling its red P^who of the implications of the old adage about v... farthest along Financing Authority, other _ grant-in-aid to finance the a Still others ere more general as urban development, of revenue sharing un s — couMbespent from state resources. (continued on next page) �' " * * ‘ *»IU| |W'»Mh ‘ »’ N <’ Hl m || ' ' «o the A : < ess. .s s ' a final .. me final enactment in recent z~ me ren-s>.' .ania Hare Ru e Act, which permits ties to cete—ne their own tax rates, may have a .e effect on the argument for extensive federal re s~arln= funds. Already heard, even before S-acc signed the Home Rule Act, was the nt- mat * =e--s-i,a-ia v_-:cipalities may set —=■ ~ “. me strongest argument for federal -set 3 go. err—ents strapped by stateoses s:-e «f ts conviction. This era revenue sharing s without zzzzz~ tea officia is mat the ~ tax . - Stations makes it more difficult bcc’es to : ead me need for federal help ie willing, they are not legally ur.ds locally because of state 33s WHN v ■ \ . ■..................... >.............! ■ Nursing Home in Drums; and, Assistant Professor Philip R. Tuhy, Associate Director of the Institute of Regional Affairs at Wilkes CoIIao® Wilkes College. IRA NEWSLETTER uoiiege *ilkeS-Barre, pa. lg703 Non-Profit Organization U. S. POSTAGE RetUfn Posta?e Guaranteed NEWS-LETTER ., Si.ne College l|ndei a n'' '"'il I'h‘ ■ - .: i.-.'.e.H of ■ Education, ' ducat... fro!) ? {her Education Act, 1 itla I. n«p'H f01 the the The purpose of the workshop was v5CXlX. NOJ — kES C 7/llKT' rr°LLEG6 ' atest knowledge and techniques of the ehab.station to practicing nurses, "lode,,, jE resurrection of king ^Pecimi \ lc»l we x 'g directly with physically disabled COAL -,-s-g homes and extended care facilities, lb|ed Dnf L th °se part offorNortheast Pennsylvania Patients A desperately many years to erase its has beer, home health agencies, both public and privai' hospits; in ! tals, W'n,?Coa| Region”. It was a proud appe te. image as The five-session workshop covered the appellation L' reign of King Coal which produced -1 during Mecical aspects (Prothetics and C ...^ Orthotica)' acr'CS as the .... , , *r---------J an an enviable of daily living, home-making-room adjustm, prosperity, in the area. area. V' in the With” the decline of anthracite rave tion activities, psychological and social economically and socially acceptable ^dusuial and domestic fuel, the i acceptable source of munity resources, and the organization and JXd from the major assetnow-scarred coal fields tion of rehabilitation. t to the most apparent the - ■ ce-a-c. liability- The cry to the outside world is that "King The project director was C. , ------was Dr. Arne Olson, Dean of the Nuclear energy School of Health and Sciences and Physical Education Coal is dead! >And, despite the fact that coal produc­ and Sciences requirements as was don remains a significant economic fact of |ife jn tile East Stroudsburg State College. Bruce E. Hayne' 'dgnificanr PCAnnmiSome time in the 5’?' Assistant Professor and Physical Therapist at the same area, there are many who wish he would stay dead. remam low and its j -_--e institution was director of the program. Miss Mary There are valid indications technological developments, a* ' e that the anticipated Margaret O’Donnell of ACSW handled the nomination of "Last Rites” may be somewhat participants for the Pennsylvania Department of Health. differences of degree in the f premature. There are projections, but all prognosticators agree that the demand f Members of the Advisory Committee were: Mrs. i for energy is inVincent J. Gesiskie, R.N., Director of Nursing Services creasing rapidly in the United States ---s and that it will continue to increase significantly__through at the Gesiskie Nursing Home in Waymart; Miss Mary part of this century. With other natural Ji the latter Margaret O’Donnell, ACSW, Regional Social Work facing diminishing reserves, and nuclear energy sources Consultant, Pennsylvania Departmentof Health, Kingston; energy still in the developmental stage, the several centurys ’ reserves Dr. Yasushi Sugiyama, Acting Chairman of the Political capacity to produce low-sulfur S of coal should once again become a major source of Science Department, Wilkes College; Mrs. Charles energy. minimizes air pollution and - ts coal ’a- a r - " Swankoski, R.N., Administrator at the Swankoski PAID Wilkes-Barre, Pa* Permit No. 355 Petroleum, gas, coal, nuclear energy, and hydro­ electric power are currently the primary energy sources. The percent of total energy consumed in the United States in 1970 from each of the above sources, in the " ... «.uc, are 43.0%; 32.8%; 20.0%; .3%; and, 3.8%. are Nationally recognized authorities have estimated the recognized tate of annual increase in energy requirements between aow and 1980 from a low of 3 to a high of 4 percent per j?ar' The Bureau of Mines recently predicted that by e year 2,000 the annual rate of increase in energy consumption will average 3,5 percent. The significant estion which will be of interest to the Northeast nnsylvania area concerns the amount of the annual ncrease shared by coal. suDnloU k')er factors affecting other sources of energy petrole Shoulb give an advantage to coal. In the case of disCovUm’ tbere has been a decline in the amount of oil States'n drilling and exploration of new United ’ta nati'e l Anting the past several years. Since 1967, by l97O°n-,s consumed all the oil it has produced, and Was im ’ a Percent of the oil consumed in this country the Dri orte(T Because of the shortage of domestic oil. Price Cc°nomi Cre,Wil1 Probably increase, making it a less °<nica|3 Source of energy in competition with ot er S°Urces The . 8a 8ass.' Be, 2causeSrhneral situation holds true for natural Se there has been increased use of gas in with other fuels. Other environments" as acid mine drainage and the ravages of str7- also affect coal’s future. A developing shortage arc mald'stnbut.on of railroad hopper cars have interfered with deliveries on long-term utility contracts. The industry has also been plagued by wildcat strikes and other labor problems, and it has been difficu t to recruit young men to take up mining as a life's work. Coal production will probably also be slowed by actions necessary to meet requirements of stiffer federal and state mine health and safety laws. Despite these disadvantages of coal, most experts agree that it has a strong competitive position as a resource for energy production. Coal’s share of total energy consumed in the United States by 19S0 may even shrink from the 1970 level of 20.0 percent to only 16.7 percent in relation to other sources. But, in terms of tonnage, the demand for coal production will steadily increase because there is expected to be such a large over-all increase in energy requirements. In 1970, for example, coal consumption equaled 526 65 million tons. Consequently, if coal produces 16.7 percent of the nation's energy in 1985, the total coal production in that year would be up to 850 million tons, according to the Bureau of mines. Should the coal industry succeed in its current experiments to make this energy source socially clean by conversion into other fuels, the future ot coal ts (continued on next page) �wH0 NEEDS SCHOOLS? may be paid at registration up to the fjrst or special arrangements for installment parranged through Professor Si les. The ~ fee has held to a minimum to help defray the exPensi testing, staffing, and supplies. °f^Ss INSTITUTE OF REGIONAL affairs NEWSLETTER VOL. XIX NO. 5 MAY 15, 1972 This News-letter, published monthly as a community service, originates in the Institute of Regional Affairs of Wilkes College. Notes and inquiries may be addressed to Director, Institute of Regional Affairs Wilkes College, WilkesBarre, Pennsylvania 18703. Subscription free upon request. even more enhanced. Pilot plants to convert coal (except for ash) into synthetic pipeline gas which is a complete substitute for natural gas are already operating in Chicago and Homer City, Pennsylvania. A plant to convert coal into synthetic liquid fuels, like petroleum, has been in operation in West Virginia for several months. Conversion into ash-free fuel, now in the pilot stage, yields a fuel free of ash and sulfur that can be handled either as a solid or liquid. If the predictions materialize, coal may once again be a prime economic resource in Northeast Pennsylvania. There are those who would eliminate mining entirely, especially strip mining. Such opposition would probably disappear with assurance that a resurrected “King Coal” would not ravish the countryside as he did in the past. There is some such assurance in the fact that Penn­ sylvania now leads the nation in stringency and enforce­ ment of mining regulations. Although the effort is somewhat diluted because the overwhelming problem of remedying past transgressions diverts resources from preventive measures, the experiences gained under current law may produce techniques and policies which will assure that a resurrected King Coal will be a benevolent monarch. WHN THIRD SUMMER R.E.A.D. PROGRAM Plans for the Third Annual Summer R.E.A.D. Program were announced this week by Professor George Sites, Associate Director for Educational Planning in the Institute of Regional Affairs. The Reading Excellence Attainment Development Program of Wilkes College for this year will start on July 21. Sessions will be held Monday through Friday from 9:00 to 12:00 Noon in Kirby Hall and the dormitory at 76 West South Street. The summer session will provide specially designed reading programs for all age groups, including children at the Elementary and Junior-Senior P' ' High School levels as well as pre-college students and "d any adults who desire to improve reading skills. Registration for the program is now being accepted by mail, phone, or in person at the Institute of Regional Affairs, 165 South Franklin Street, Wilkes-Barre, Pa. A tuition fee of SI25.00 is requested from new students, and $100.00 for students previously enrolled. Tuition ,es of The basic approach to the Readir individual attention made possible by"s. ’>• teacher ratio. Each instructor, qualified a instructor with a master s degree in this is responsible for only two students during/^ summer session. --entire I. ‘K-j All students receive a battery of tests imn?diately following admission to the instructional center and parents are kept informed of progress Students initial and final written reports. Interim reports through are also given when required and extensive counsel' ’ provided both students and parents. Ingd is Three types of instructional areas are util' Room "A” consists of a wide range of mechanical electronic devices which are not only highly sophistic instructional tools, but which have a fascination whi'h neither children nor grown-ups can resist. Room “B" contains programmed materials • for independent stud and self-directed instruction. In both rooms, trained aides supervise and assist each student under direction of his particular teacher. Aides are skilled under­ graduate students who have completed a professional semester which includes reading instruction. Room “C” is used exclusively for directed reading instruction, and the emphasis is on f ’ ____ Mi a relaxed tutorial atmosphere between student and teacher. Each student spends a portion of each session in each of the in­ structional areas. In addition, there are frequent field trips, including the Eugene S. Farley Library and the local public library, to give each student an opportunity to make a personal selection of books which he may enjoy throughout the week. Last year more than fifty enrollees, representing about 25 regional public and private schools, completed the course. Such excellent public acceptance indicates an increased demand for registration this year. Since enrollment must be contro lied to maintain the low pupil­ teacher ratio, early registration is encouraged. Since the R.E.A.D. Program has received such widespread interest, this year the general oublic public is invited to drop in and visit either class building throughout the Summer Session to observe at any time. BOOTLEG PRICES FOR SLUM HOUSING needs schools? would be a ridiculous question Wh° needs ■the man on the street. But it doesn’t sound /stupid when posed by the head of an army of ■achers and I,125,000 students. Participants •) tei Seminar held by the Public Affairs Depart Urban Fjrst National City Bank of New York got at a" of the men1 Tnt when made by Dr. Harvey B. Scribner, Chancellor the P01 New York City school system. Here are some of the remarks. of his “Public education in this country is on its knees.’ “School doesn't have to mean a brick building AU we need is a center where people can gathen don-t need a $30 million school building to accomodate students. All we need is space that's notin use, any kind of space.” “We’ve been thinking little departments, called math, science, English, etc. Not for students. There’s nothing that says this helps or is a better way of organizing a high school. Why is it done? To help us administrators. It satisfies our purposes and gives us an opportunity to elevate some people.” “What’s so special about September and June that we should start the school year and end it in Couldn’t we create educational these months? where young people could come 180 days out of a ------year,, on the days that are best for them?” “If you want to have art all morning instead of a 40-minute period, why not? Who says learning goes better in 40-minute periods?” “Would you be surprised to be told that classifying people in terms of first, second, and third grade is as realistic as classifying them in terms of 100 pounders, 110 pounders or 120 pounders? They would probably have more in common if you did it on a weight basis.” “We need some other way to define education besides paper certificates. If you trundled off to a university next fall, and left all your credentials home, where do you think you would wind up? — 95 percent of you would be freshmen again.” When asked if he had support for what he said, Scribner responded without hesitation: “'It must be obvious I don't have support from overwhelming numbers, ut I d rather be around a short time and say what I ave said than play that old game of patting everyone on tbe back and be around a long time.” Get the Point? Only local governments can deflate the bootleg of sum housing by strict code enforcement an taxation. A block-by-block survey survey shows tha A block-by-block Philadelphia, vigorous code enforcement has so e central-city housing prices that a large percentag or the 14,400 row houses now vacant can be bou > $ put, in decent move-in condition for $4,000 cas or This compares with an average cost of $20' new public housing, and $12,300 now budgeted Housing Authority to buy blighted units and over completely, no matter how much fixing really need. |f FHA or other special f'.r.s made available, this $4,000 would make it PoS’ oven relief clients, black or white, to buy decent used homes. f the L the"1 the/ whose Rights lrSS'°n |; . lease nose CAN 1 PUNCH? there0-^311^ Realistically, . . a a tax tax is is a a tax tax is is a a tax! tax! are taxes and there are taxes! Inevitable as death, taxes ’ may be an equally acceptable entree to a fuller life, ( now °r an unwe'come and painful ordeal without grace. How ■ Al"ericLdLe !S lar8e|y beyond our control, but, as every prem.,^1 Sch°°' Pupil knows, how we are taxed is the elected IVe °f the living taxpayer exercised through be nn a?er>ts. The only choice denied is that there tax«atall. choose their is bestseller list. “Tax aga'n number one on the everyone’s “0Ur song ” R I?™ f°r You and Me” is observation 'thlunste^of insFst°US t0 dramatize the inis year at the federal level the pain of the income tax was eased very slightly by an increase in the personal dependent exemption. This was heralded as tinnc ' Wh'le hundreds of Profit-making corporans paid no tax at all. Pennsylvania’s “uniform” income tax, enacted in spite of explicit and implicit protest among legislators, (“We think thou protesteth too much ) is in practice anything but uniform This too, was hailed as “tax reform.” So, too, was the pitiful relief from local property taxes levied against the aged. And what is the picture at the local government level? “Tax reform" under the Home Rule Act consists of continuation of the state restrictions on the kinds of local taxes, but elimination of the limits on tax rates, the naive expectation being that at last local govern­ ments will levy enough taxes to carry a fair share of the local service burden. At the same time, municipal lobbyists press heavily for state permission to raise the local earned income tax rate. Once we become aware that true tax reform must be equitable and comprehensive, we can recognize the deceptive fragmented “tax reforms” for what they really are - nitpicking. Ultimately, we suppose, equitable comprehensive reform will come at all levels of govern­ ment when the individual taxpayer refuses to be satisfied with an occassional tranquilizer and faces up to his obligation to insist on equity and fight for it, using all the built-in controls available in our democratic system. The starting point, perhaps, is to stop the evergrowing tendency of citizens to accept and applaud the efforts of their local, county, and state officials to evade financial responsibilities at their respective levels by running to the higher levels for funding local programs. We wonder, though, if the relief-seeking taxpayer may be falling into the historic trap of remote control taxation Perhaps we need relearn the age-old lesson chance of securing h — a right does not in itself ensure it. 'leal of pe nothing until exercised. And there is a goo bsve hepVldence tblat in this respect the American people n’ and may continue to be, in default. T is |_oca| government Washington? x-yrnon 76-1353JU WHN or �regional REGIONAL approach seminar ENDS JUNE 21st The Eighth and final session of the Wilkes College Seminar on the "Regional Approach to Loca Govern ment Problems” will be held on Wednesday, June 21st, in Room 53, Parrish Hall, South River Street, WilkesBarre, Penna, from 7:30 to 9:30 P.M. Each of the previous seven sessions was devoted to descriptions of cooperative municipal projects in specific services or functions which have already proved successful in Pennsylvania. These included intermunicipal agreements, councils of governments, joint purchasing, and other cooperative techniques which enable communities lacking the resources to perform services alone to do so by joining with adjacent or nearby municipalities. Joint problems or services discussed covered environmental functions, public health, planning and structural rehabilitation and renewal, and police and fire protection. The May session featured George Kandra, Public Works Director, City of Allentown, and Michael Kaiser, Executive Director, Joint Planning Commission of Lehigh-Northampton counties. The subject was “The Joint Approach to Problems effecting Traffic and Transportation.” Considerable discussion involved the recent discontinuance of private bus transit in the Lehigh Valley area and the prompt creation of a Joint County Transit Authority which will supervise continued bus service through temporary contract with the private owners. Plans call for eventual purchase of rights and equipment and direct operation by the Joint Authority. Also covered by the two speakers were the con­ sequences of individual community responsibility for street construction and maintenance, control of traffic, snow and ice control, mass transportation in the Luzerne-Lackawanna areas, joint planning and purchas­ ing, mutual equipment utilization, and contracting with private firms to provide needed municipal services. The June “wrap-up” session will examine “How to SamsT Ster lntermuniciPal <” Regional > T° atta,n this obiective, the speakers including William H. Hansell, Jr., Business Administrator City of Allentown - will utilize selected SUp experience in Pennsylvania e.... communities, such aspects as legal requirements, f f!nancingS.sing projects, education of the public, steps in coop®' .'nt organization process, controls, local n representat 'Ve periodic review and evaluation of Projects, anatl°n, excessive price of continued isolatiiOtl Which can'!!6 reduced by joint effort. an be The session is open without charge and withOut prior registration to any official or member of the general public. WHAT DO WE REALLY WANT? The most urgent question facing urban America tod is "What kind of City do we want?” Everybody talking about it, writing about it, and- making soeerk nes about it. But the more they talk and write LsPeeche. ; the greater the confusion seems to grow. Much of the talk comes from people who don’t like cities and just want to Ret away from them; and much of the talk com; .comes from peOp|e who think the local needs and problems -■••s of our cities can only be solved from Washington. What’s wrong with today’s cities could be cured a lot faster if people could be given a better understanding and a clearer vision of what kind of city to demand and insist on getting. THOUGHTS FOR TODAY Democracy is the art of disciplining oneself so that one need not be disciplined by others. Criticism can be avoided by saying nothing, doing nothing, and being nothing. Of all the labor-saving devices for women, a husband is still the handiest. If your wife laughs at your it’s because your jokes jokes it's because >a a I somebody told her she has beautiful teeth. A man who’s putty in his wife’s hands is apt to be in pretty bad shape. While attending an office party it is wise to remain seated while the room is in motion. People, like boats, toot loudest when they are in a fog. IRA NEWSLETTER Institute of Regional Affairs Wilkes College Wilkes-Barre, Pa. 18703 Non-Profit Organization U. S. POSTAGE Return Postage Guaranteed Wilkes-Barre, Pa. Permit No. 355 PAID �N- FLO^>s tm*?ARY O APR 14 1976 ' . BINDERS gOPSBUR^X �. ■ .• • ■ ,:Y; .■- ■ I .■.’- <:• ■ WILKES UNIVERSITY LIBRARY I: a.':: ■' IO' '■ ■.■■■ iff ■ ■ .•.............................................................. ••■••■• IIHIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII 1 :0CES52fl7 • sy; •■-■'■■? ' at •r •;■ ’ -1 ; v‘ <7 07 ■■ -7 .a7 J1 L-* -:' -C ■ | \ ... |f | s y..' ' J-' __ -•-'s?sv5s®?iji<“ S<< hs® j < ■ ■ '-■'■■/y' ' ■ 7- <■ ■ ■ .... . |®S& ■. .|M -; ■ ■■ '■'■ ' Wl Oil ■ ■7 ■ r . ■ . i — *•: •' . - . ■ • ,,®.. "; � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Luzerne County Newsletters and Institute for Regional Affair Newsletters, 1952-1975 Subject The topic of the resource Political Science; Luzerne County; Institute for Regional Affairs; Wyoming Valley Description An account of the resource A collection of newsletters created by the Political Science Department at Wilkes College from 1952-1975 for Luzerne County and later the Institute for Regional Affairs. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Political Science Department (Hugo Mailey) Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1952-1975 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource PDF Type The nature or genre of the resource Newsletters Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Luzerne County Newsletter, 1971-1972 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Political Science Department Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1971-1972 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource PDF Type The nature or genre of the resource Newsletter https://omeka.wilkes.edu/omeka/files/original/2ac33e0d6c2ddd5cb7d003514450dc44.pdf 0952ef58496060c4b45010a7b6a4410f PDF Text Text �k ) EUGENE SHEDDEN FARLEY LIBRARY 1933 WILKES COLLEGE, WILKES-BARRE, PA. �ARCHIVES ’ ‘ ffiEAdURE ROOM NEWS-L 35^1 ?uc; VJ?, IW ^l^OLLKeJLK&BW^Pa VOj- xyiiL NOj. A PPRAISAL TECHNIQUES I ,'.r Appraisal Techniques I to arranged ___ for College campus by the InterThe IRA has the Wilkes C. of Assessing Officers. This course l offered on t.. those persons who have not attended national Association is designed for ; and for those persons who have z ___ previous schoolsthe assessment/appraisal field. The recentlyoffers entered t instruction in the basic appraisal principles, course c— and methods. techniques, will be conducted from Monday, The course ..</ 19, 1970 to Friday, January 23, 1970. Registralanuary 19, 1970 to rno«z, u------- , don will be held in fRoom 50, "Parrish ' ' Hall, uz:n Wilkes xoe College. Tuition, an A and AP textbook, and a syllabus Tuition, an /. are included for $61.00. Arrangements can be made included for $61.00. locally for hotel or rmotel ___ i .accommodations. An examination wi 11 be given at the end of the course. Although the examination is not mandatory, a certificate will be awarded those who successfully complete the examination. Successful completion of this course meets the entrance requirement for CAE candidacy. TAX EXEMPTION In the last issue the article on tax exemptions for colleges and universities dealt with the constitutional and legal basis for exemption. This second and final part deals with the economic and cultural impact of a college on the community. The economic impact of a college — often not ful y appreciated - is the result of the dollars spent on p y ro"s, construction, and purchase of supplies an materials locally, and the economic power of its facu ty, "on-professional staff, and student body. While it may appear difficult to estimate the total economic impact, 11's a fact that colleges tend to be steady employers i„dusare re'atively recession-proof in comparison with banner lnstudies confirm these conclusions. Ernest R. ■' "The Economic f L°cal Cor Impact of a University on its "’’"'unity,•” (AlP Journal, September, 1969) stated: "Each derates’ dollar directly expended by the university 10 direct ' a host iof indirect transactions ... In addition and i iMhe Univa' indirect effects, the total economic impact :rsity , be assessed without considering Std afe?s cannot as well. The total impact will be '^eff.' the r 'acts.’•sum total of the direct, indirect, and The study est the university ii sales (in the Bou Another stud) impact of Husson a small college i income and emp surrounding area source of expenc above the colleg tures may not all Some students co from it. Student or scholarships v, within the area w was found that f 66 % of the total The income student spending The author < new jobs. In a employees and ; jobs. As a res the impact of found to be mu< the number of i that of a manu The author r to a hypothetic amount of expor concluded that a college than multiplier for tf Assuming that had the same hypothetical sh employment has In other wo three new jobs created indirec college creates Mt- Vizard multiplier dep, spending. Tht resources local Purchases large •t goes without �eugenb shedde library news-letter VOL. XVIII, NO. I WILKES COLLEGE, WILKES-BARRE, PENNA APPRAISAL TECHNIQUES I The |RA has arranged for Appraisal Techniques I to offered on the Wilkes College campus by the Inter­ national Association of Assessing Officers. This course is designed for those persons who have not attended previous schools and for those persons who have recently entered the assessment/appraisal field. The course offers instruction in the basic appraisal principles, techniques, and methods. The course will be conducted from Monday, January 19, 1970 to Friday, January 23, 1970. Registra­ tion will be held in Room 50, Parrish Hall, Wilkes College. Tuition, an A and AP textbook, and a syllabus are included for $61.00. Arrangements can be made locally for hotel or motel accommodations. An examination wi 11 be given at the end of the course. Although the examination is not mandatory, a certificate will be awarded those who successfully complete the examination. Successful completion of this course meets the entrance requirement for CAE candidacy. Another study by Richard Vizard on the economic impact of Husson College in Bangor, Maine, shows that a small college may have a significant impact on both income and employment in the community and in the surrounding area. The author found that the largest source of expenditures was student spending over and above the college fees. These supplementary expendi­ tures may not all represent a net addition to the economy. Some students come from the area and derive their funds from it. Students may receive income from jobs, loans or scholarships within the area. When the funds generated within the area were deducted from the total spending, it was found that funds from outside the area amounted to 66% of the total spent. The author stated that the multiplier also creates new jobs. In a growing college the demands of more employees and a larger student body create more local jobs. As a result of student supplementary spending, the impact of the college on local employment was found to be much greater than would be expected from the number of its employees. It is actually equal to that of a manufacturer employing many more workers. In the last issue the article on tax exemptions for colleges and universities dealt with the constitutional and legal basis for exemption. This second and final part deals with the economic and cultural impact of a college on the community. The author made his point by comparing the college to a hypothetical shoe company which brought the same amount of export income as the college to the area. He concluded that the employment multiplier is higher for a college than for the shoe factory. The employment multiplier for the shoe company was estimated at 1.33. Assuming that export income generated by the college had the same indirect impact on employment as the hypothetical shoe factory, the college's impact on local employment has a multiplier effect of 2.33. The economic impact of a college — often not fully appreciated - is the result of the dollars spent on payro"-• s, construction, construction, and and purchase purchase of of supplies supplies and and niaterials locally, and the economic power of its faculty, Dnn.^»_r ^'Professional staff, and and student student body. body. While it may ------ ' staff, appear difficult to estimate the total economic impact, it is a fact that colleges tend to be steady employers and indust^ relatively recess'on-proof in comparison with try. iMaimy studies confirm these conclusions. Ernest R. Bom Lo/Tr'H Th® Economic Impact of a University on its , Community," (Al P J ournal, September, 1969) stated: by the university, to dire^ 3 h°st indirect transactions ... In addition oftheeCt.and indirect effects, the total economic impact , inducean'VerS*ty cannot be assessed without considering ’ defied e^ects as well. The total impact will be ■JUced ff the SUm tOtal °f the direct’ indirect, and indi The study estimated that the expenditure of $1 00 by the university invokes $1.37 worth of production of sales (in the Boulder, Colorado, area). The income multiplier for higher education and for student spending was estimated at 2.9. TAX EXEMPTION generEaCh dollar directly expended JANUARY 15, 1970 In other words, the author concluded that for every three new jobs in the shoe factory, one new job was z.z"‘/ three new jobs at the created indirectly, but, every additional jobs in the community. college creates four Vizard further stated, "The size of the income Mr on the average amount of local multiplier depends < Thus, an industry which acquires all of its spending. •• — • —■ iueall, :.„s a higher multiplier than one which resources locally has __ large quantities of materials outside the area, purchases I without saying that because a college requires It goes \»>...— - . (continued) 12^687 �aS d^el°Plnd 3 -dit:Xigi;ae PedneXp' e‘r - v INSTITUTE of OF 'N Dr. Hugo V. V. Rtwvn- AFFAIRS REGIONAL Mailey. Director Mailey, a newsletter vol. XVIII NO. I JANUARY 15, 1970 This News:letteor’igjnaushin th™ Institute of community service, g Notes and ^-a'Affa^fXs Jd mDr. Hugo V. inquiries may be addres Affairs> EcX^£^'Pe'insyl7nia 18703 Subscription free upon request. fewer purchases outside, the economic impact is equal to that of a factory with a much larger number of employees. The direct economic impact that Wilkes College has had on the community can easily be ascertained when the following data is considered: - Wilkes students spend in the area ($2,300,800) - Wilkes payroll spent mostly in the area ($2,561,281) -Wilkes College operating expenses, excluding The balance sheet shows conclusively that the loss of revenues to a community because of tax exemption of college property is returned manyfold because the College HVM -Wilkes construction, all done by local contractors, was ($1,118,300 average annually) The operating costs, largely spent locally, now approximate $6,000,000 per year, increasing at a rate of $1/2 million per year since I960. Planned expansion costs in the future will average $1/2 million per year. Colleges and universities are industries in the full economic sense. What is frequently overlooked, however, is that all the other community benefits derived from tax exemption of such institutions, are of the indirect, or “spill-over”, variety which cannot be measured with the same yard­ stick. How do you calculate in dollars the value of a college to a community in its efforts to attract new industry? How do you calculate the worth of cultural assets of a university or college? For instance, last year Wilkes College sponsored: - 9 art exhibits. - 6 dramatic productions at the College Theater. -72 athletic events (football, basketball, soccer, golf, baseball, lacrosse, swimming, etc.). - 15 special films, including such classics as Anna Karenina, Woman in the Dunes, The Bridge The Critic, and Juliette of the Spirits. -21 concerts featuring such gri groups as the Wilkes College Band, Chorus, Opera, -» and the Town and Gown Concert Series. - 19 recitals by the students and faculty of the Music Department. 3 major lectures c on the subjects world population, and poetry. Further, how do you raln.j,. community service of a college o “rt of freedom, > W°rth of the COUNCIL i1 MANAGER At a time when the council-manager form of municipal government has become dominant in the United States, it may come as a surprise to be told that managers are now performing much the same functions within our political and governmental system, as they were more than two generations ago. If managers have not changed their functions in response to the new demands of a rapidly urbanizing society, it seems logical to conclude that the profession must be entering a period of infirmity ; ^antesi‘ ve I vt-eSp«nS J^ott Much less apparent, however, benefits. Colleges and universities '"crease prestige of a city or region, improve its ( pos'tion in e competition for industrial activities, offer c nm he P °8ratts which serve many residents not directly< a a part of the institution, and provide economic stability within an area. These are all important considerate _p"s in the marketability of a city and its environs, Cr|t'cisrn of tax exempt institutions overlooks the very signjf•■■leant fact that the major community benefits of universjf and colleges are not measurable in the same terms"ies are the benefits of tax revenues. The public read'as readily recognizes, and welcomes, the direct contribution" -La to the community through increased employment. But, th" future status of tax exemption for institutions of higher learning in Pennsylvania will be determined ultimately by the significance and relative weight which a Mm. munity and its officials place upon such intangible, but productive, benefits. is there. faculty salaries, were ($3,1 18,000) - the Certificates of Attainment from Arson p Street Maintenance?) Tax Clinic? conf' public school officials? Direct 61 ^stance t government officials? Upward Bound? And njse th t more tedUCvth beCal goverPe becaUSer is the. the Cound of the of of the of inientrhe turn at the Part of ts 3 m'all erlt P^'J alr of the ’ed i by d°ml . n ular It waSln muni<ed frorne*uppos -sed r< century-Packagem’ .reSent ; Ci goven ;ader • iunity le' is that ; myth 'anagerrringa"d eV0lV'"8 expert > recurhr' e8n considered <as an modern e^aS,S’,total °fth'S his htical even >n The 7 has us«iually The myth -f ha$ apohtica der- . >heTnn nation, but, """"Xy confined to a purely in *1 capacity as a capac|ty ci ties are • l-f Of & S "- ^iCa that that he he is a P1 . has be i and advisory role. and advisory iechn'CiL demographic. . than the s„ .he authors, that the truthhof »“ T'the hematter ”lX • major political actor is and has always ■“TTS distrlbX of political .««i! ’T determined t »»litical act'°?h! ” «p. «< of consensus among political y XX personality of individual managers well as the political values of the community. as COUNTY He has The Luzerne System will s°o1 was recently av missioners for th considerably low should begin witl The County bids for the radi future. The c< always had a leadership role in urban government, he identifies problems and suggests solutions on which the council can decide. The authors contend that there really was no such evolution of the legitimate and productive functions of the manager, despite the fact that the successive revisions of the IMCA Code of Ethics did reflect ar ' ' a recognition of' what they term “myths”. They recognize that the functions service agreemt and the Muni ci p< The Pennsyl the funding of tl of the county ba ZntoSXSCti0nS °f the manaSer VaHed in of the structure rUCtU? and public s°Phisticadon 'in their at it de/ municipal gc Bollens and John C. Ries, both of the They do J„,„. , —0 not avoid the obvious University . T”lous th« the University of of California, California, reach reach an opposite conclusion unctions of a „ in a monograph titled "The City Manager Profession- "tunity in which a politically f Myths and Realities.” The relatively brief book is pan '8 ly rt; apathy was the But the of the City Manager Profession Series which is being ^munitie;, — general atmosphere jn prpgreSsive enough to published by Public Administration Service. This litte ^nager p|ar a °Pt the counci |SUch thatfro mi book focuses major attention on the nature o e ^Ve always 1 the whole pa“m;:;ing, managers environment in which the manager finds himself. modln'Strat've. lershiP Unctions The authors agree with everyone else on the rapM mana| clerical, me r ‘*er Profession. UnCtlons attributed changing environment in our cities, but maintain ■ -d to the fro4ared by^'the/1 7°Urce the maintenance of the stable functions of manager5^ s °f tha manager th the face of such environmental change adds up^^ ■ politicai 37beginni tors 'n the /’ hat 's professional maturity, not old age and decline. - r^°fessiona| point of departure is that the functions and justi a, . form has of the manager profession at various stages u|g development were only myths created by Partl^ ta techn; Ce by, " Ure only has response to cultural values and social cond'tl°fl)nctio|' as'"1ic!‘l lev ,Sett'ng anaXiniit his eff °f. a mana ma technj *e*• The m local ‘ ger, given time, whereas, in reality, their constant eve[ n^rialc.a ones *ore loca| -JUes and has been their application of expertise in w , PoThus''^rsh a iss '" ’ ship. He “es t0 direction it may lead. a the iion! J^rhy^ilo ved What are the myths of the evolving manager pr° and decline. John C. . the rnent* to b® tinue -i th! con1been It has ent P .agemj the wh'chi has meet myths’ tial to essent the in It is pol i to Pe 3rtiS.e ctorexP litical a pol—i ti ng ,resen In P1 rnana2er coun cil-r" its ,tance> accep requ be should ncerned vitally co social technoloSlcT a aomonds more 'e.tosb’P ^Tmation which exercise. isinS ad"1 <ana re;desTlocal ‘ a."™ \o < GQ\ tt1 ■”«XT'h“”sh“" ”Tphere """‘■■•managerr"1^^ A Vermont Springfield) ha< in P-nSyita^ Sewer diSposa| governmental f statutei a Polic water rP°I luti on out this° POli Qy Since this is a to 2°ning. The Ts a" PeX?f Pn the (continued) ager <al -ins for Plan has t■Ch°ncePts gainer hat the •• in1 S'ven Ptes enCe In r ■ short, hap‘Ppened, •n a city/ is h a su is som etim, c,ty. a ’g. Co, SubiUrfc �Certificates AFFAIRS ONAL -y. Director Of Attai Street Maintenance?) public school TER Much benefits, 15, 1970 NO. I ed to Dr. Hugo V. of Regional Affairs, , Pennsylvania 18703 ton request. tonomic impact is equal ger number of employees, that Wilkes College has ly be ascertained when le area (22,300,800) in the area ($2,56 1,28 I) excluding expenses, 18,000) 7. D'tect a Bound?SSZtrfn'ce ' leSCol.PParent’ . “nd orany how' r -i!6 The balance sheet shows conclusively that th. i of revenues to a community because of tax expm , °SS college property is returned manyfold because the Colle°’ locally, At a time when the council-manager form of municipal government has become dominant in the United States, it may come as a surprise to be told that managers are j, however, is that all ved from tax exemption direct, or "spill-over”, :d with the same yarddollars the value of a efforts to attract new * the worth of cultural For instance, last e? he College Theater. II, basketball, soccer, imming, etc.). ng such classics as he Dunes, The Bridge, he Spirits. groups as the Wilkes jra, and the Town and ts and faculty subjects late the of the of freedom, worth of the r university? Guidance •airs (over 500 received f°Vetral non-political administration" to the present "nUhasis on the manager as a “community leader”. The sum total of this recurring and evolving myth is that T manager has usually been considered as an expert • 6administration, but apolitical even in his modern '"ythical capacity as a "community leader". The myth has been that he is a professional confined to a purely technical and advisory role. Moreover, today cities are undergoing demographic, technological, and social transformation which demands more leadership than the city manager can exercise. tion cion in tbeir their attitudes toward municipal government. They do not attempt to avoid the obvious that the functions of a manager in a politically unstable com- MANAGER Planned expansion $1/2 million per year. "'’movement against corrupt government at the turn reforrn century. It was initially a small part of the of | reform package. In municipalities dominated by ^"^iddle class, city management moved from "popular *l’e ml|T1ent” to "good government," which presupposed and decline. , , John C. now s industries in the full den’°cra difficulties of the times. Council-manager of the nt was tauted as a significant part of the 8°vern,I,rlt of popular government, a segment of the now performing much the same functions within our political and governmental system, as they were more than two generations ago. If managers have not changed their functions in response to the new demands of a rapidly urbanizing society, it seems logical to conclude that the profession must be entering a period of infirmity HVM COUNCIL increasing at a rate of 0. the city manager plan was developed to Orig'na putral efficiency, reduced expenditures, and a P'°vidi7budget. That is the myth because the original balance plan wanted to make government more advocate^ and more responsive to the people because The truth of the matter is, say the authors, that the manager is and has always been a major political actor in the community, The scope of his political action is determined by the distribution of political power within a community, the degree of consensus among political leaders, and the personality of individual managers, as well as the political values of the community. He has always had a leadership role in urban government; he identifies problems and suggests solutions on which the council can decide. The authors contend that there really was no such evolution of the legitimate and productive functions of the manager, despite the fact that the successive revisions of the IMCA Code of Ethics did ; reflect a recognition of what they term "myths ”. They recognize that the functions of the manager varied in relation t0 the political structure and public sophistica- nual ly) spent s f,for lQ'3| t; 'ever ’ are a Colleges and nr>the intan 6fs’ a city or region, Universities incre; Sibk competition 'mprove its tor industrial which serve raany ,.sile“„'ts ““''m'3' PositiOn • 'he many residents offer institution, and provide »“n»mic'TiCtly a Part of"s area. These are all ; economi stability’ 6 a" mportant the marketability ofF mportant consid f/"'‘y •"« Its env,,^'- , an tax exempt institutions the -S overlooks the 7 fact that the major — <— community benefits 7, and colleges are not measurable ■ ' t measurable in th» f Uni^rsiJ are the benefits of of tax tax revenues'" revenues Th Same t: terms as recognizes, and welcomes, the direct dirP" rPUblic reOn adi|y the community through increased emX — J? n-:_ - Ct c°ntributi ' uture status of tax exemption for ZtuT’ 'Hth* learning in Pennsylvania will be institutiontutlons: °f higher determined by the significance and relative ultimately weight which cb a community and its officials place upon such intangible" productive, benefits. -■ but ie by local contractors, ly D Confe‘Sj toi prestige of ished monthly as a es in the Institute of Col lege. Notes and > "T fr °m Ar. CUniC7 son officials?,Tax government officials? . ,, o ens an r Pies both of the Ries,iteboth n’nnD0S conclusion .. J University ofCah forma reac a. opp profession in a monograph titled ’ The City I lan g ook js parl Myths and Realities.” The relative y , jch js being of the City Manager Profession This little published by Public Administration Service, rhe nature of tbe book focuses major attention on , himself on the rapidly environment in which the manager fmdS i... rapidly the ------- everyone eihet c.n maintain tbal The authors agree with into1'1 t maintain ■---- --T cities, but ianagers ■changing environment in our chon/e' > stable functions < the maintenance of the the face of such en\vironmental professional maturity, not old age of i‘s that the functions point of departure is t various stages >SanSat3 profession at of the manager were only myths u. development cultural values and soc a mstant , response to wha'e' of expertise in n! has been their application c. - • ,rofessi° direction it may lead. „managerP' What are the myths of the evelvins man b —“d 7enS dme. X (continued; ‘MI " munity in which public apathy was the norm would be highly restricted. But the general atmosphere in communities progressive enough to adopt the councilmanager plan was such that from the beginning managers ave always exercised the whole gamut of clerical, a "’'H'strative, and leadership functions attributed to the m°dern manager profession. Tbe real political resource of the manager, that is isavuiLC VI UIV uiviivfe'-'l --------- ■- . . bX other political actors in the community fr Shared bee"1 h- Vei^ be8lnning of the council-manager form has alw" ”'S pro^ess'ona' expertise. Although he has a^s Performed all the modern attributes of a manager, i^" 'n tbe future on|y maximize his effectiveness and 'echn11^ by gettinS al1 local issues reduced to a as t'Ca JeveL The more local issues are perceived Mao'' n',Ca' °nes, the greater the opportunity for "ager'al leadership. PoPularh Wb''e the council-manager plan has gained Periods f,°n tlle bas'is of mythical concepts in given 0 history, the reality remains that the "presence (read po it cat i? vou w and exe c s“H u ° rv ' ParticiPating in the policy ’ Pr°CeSSes °f City government ment of loca r ^O'^ rnanagecontinue to be th 6 agencies' was‘ is‘ and will nue to be the unique contribution of the profession the mana?men?hiSrStabilitZ tbe funCtional reality °f myths, which hasPa°tteainednf t0 a" the hiStOrical essential L u ! f°r the Professi°n the maturity essential to meet the challenges of urbanized America' exnerXthe sense of applying their technological ‘ h“ ■ In presenting an ;analysis ' ' of the major aspects of the council-manager plan, i'ts historical" -1 development, its acceptance, its growth and future, this monograph should be required reading for ever, every alert citizen vitally concerned with the professionalism ...^.,,^.>1 of managers. PRT and WHN COUNTY COMMUNICATIONS SYSTEM The Luzerne County Emergency Communications System will soon be a reality. The Motorola Company was recently awarded missioners for the base considerably lower than should begin within the a contract by the County Com­ station at the low bid of $28,802, originally estimated. Installation next 90 days. The County Commissioners are expected to invite bids for the radio units in the municipalities in the near future. The county solicitor is presently drafting a service agreement that will be signed by the County and the Municipalities. The Pennsylvania Crime Commission will assist in the funding of the mobile units as it has in the funding of the county base station. SEWAGE DISPOSAL GOVERNMENT FUNCTION A Vermont zoning decision (Kedoff vs. Town of Springfield) has interesting implications and relevance in Pennsylvania and particularly in Wyoming Valley. A sewer disposal plant, constructed by the town, is a governmental function. The State has declared by statute a policy of water conservation and control of water pollution. The sewer disposal plant will carry out this policy for the benefit of the people of the state. Since this is a governmental function, it is not subject to zoning. The residence zoning does not apply. NOW YOU KNOW In short, an urban problem is anything that has happened, is happening, could happen, or should happen, in a city, a suburb, or a metropolitan area. In addition, it is sometimes something that hasn t happened, isn happening, couldn’t happen, and shouldn t happen in a c*ty, a suburb, a metropolitan area, or anywhere else. James A. Kalish Washington Monthly, 1969 �GLASS STREETS A Toledo, Ohio, street has been paved with glass in a test program to determine whether discarded glass containers can be substituted for the sand, gravel, and stone now mixed with asphalt for standard paving. The was finely ground to prevent cuts in tires and then glass ixed with asphalt and spread to harden. of glass, paper, and mi— Owens-Illinois, a manufacturer ___r_ _ with the University plastic packaging, is cooperating the U. S. Public Health Service of Missouri-Rolla and ~ " Its purpose is to develop practical means in the test. I._ of solid wastes like glass and plastics of disposing c.‘ . which make disposal simple and through systems inexpensive. NEW BOULEVARD Wilkes-Barre City Council has approved the corridor route for the extension off Pennsylvania " Boulevard, '------- ' for the State Department of thereby paving the way f«. Highways to begin drawing plans and specifications for the new four-lane limited access highway through the center of the city. The corridor for the “downtown distributor" was previously approved by the city Planning Commission and Redevelopment Authority and also was endorsed by the Wyoming Valley Motor Club. The highway, which has a No. I priority rating in the County, will run through the present railroad yard area in what is known as the city's Industrial Park Urban Renewal Project. The state Highway Department informed local planners that about three years from the date of council's approval would be needed to complete the plans and specifications. This would take the project into the late 1970’s or early 1973. The Industrial Park Project is now centered on acquiring the holdings of five major railroads which run their tracks through the center of the City to one end from the other. Acquisitions of these properties is paramount to success of the renewal project. The railroad land is needed for the right-of-way for the new highway. Negotiations with the railroads have progressed to a point where the city Redevelopment Au will be able to offer each a lump sum. Duri r'ty $o several months, the main problem has b ttle p>°’ relocation - where the railroads will t een 7 °nePast operations now carried on in the central cSfer % yards The magnitude of the negotiations with th has never been equaled in this country. Alth 6 through urban renewal have acquired acquired railroad railroad °U8h Uties these acquisitions mostly dealt with c- Pr°Penr«es , —1 one rL.'.' ,rai lroad' sometimes two. But no city has ever tried t0 deal -1 With five railroads at the same time. The Industrial Park Urban Renewal Pr°ject is . largest such undertaking in the region, tag of more than $15 million. It has been"" without the Industrial Park Project, nothing Said that has done or can do will make sense - alTh'^ C'ty has done or can do will make sense - a|| ( this project. For example, the city cannot rol;^ °n £ET Snews■------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- " ■ >4 traffic congestion until the boulevard is buiIt and rJned, WILKES COLLEGE, WILKES-BARRE, • ,,.7 EMERGE^ THE JOINT COMMUNICATIONS cations SYSTEM . —has been A Joint Emergency Communications System Commissioners^ , Commun _j with the Board of the County system., Funds are Board is in favor ' — ^ssedWd i n favor of such a II Council of the /ailable from the The County Com­ * ”a' J Crime Commission. award for the base a Crime ^'have already made the --of County have already The the Court TsJordy advertise for the base the advertise ^eBi ithe Reg,ona THOUGHTS FOR TODAY People who get down to brass tacks usually rise rapidly. Commissioners wH J |jty> that eventually s0 municipality, SXbce'departments will be tied to the network. Brevity is the next best thing to silence. |n the meantime thought must be given to br,nS'"* fire companies, ambulance associations, and hospitals IN THE LIBRARY THE CHALLENGE — Pennsylvania Department of Public Welfare — A bi-monthly publication dealing with mental retardation, child welfare, and public assistance. inI0 the network. Funds for these organizations are available under the Federal Highway Safety Act of 1956. A meeting of municipal officials, fire companies, ambulance associations, and hospital representatives has been scheduled for Tuesday, February 17, 1970, Police Department31 WO P.M. in the dining room of the New Men’s CHICAGO POLICE STAR-— Chicago _____ o__________ r. . The official publication with articles on current "Dormitoryf at Wilkes College. Mr. Robert L. Bartlett, 5“tive'^way Safety Group of the Department developments in the field of law enforcement. ’ TheselTn”' explain the guidelines under this act. CHROSTWAITE’S PENNSYLVANIA MUNICIPAL LAS answer p*Hod, REPORTER — Local Government Service - A’ wi" spin oLt'ndeta.|ng r monthly publication municipal law cases. (except Federal Highway Safety August) reporting o« *a that can be'fL^ can be financed "MWcosts nanCed °n a reimbursement of up Make ■ iase every effort . meeting. IRA NEWSLETTER Institute of Regional Affairs Wilkes College Wilkes-Barre, Pa. 18703 Non-Profit Organization U. S. POSTAGE PAID Return Postage Guaranteed Wilkes-Barre, P3Permit No. 35 FE penn/l to attend this very important mULAUCE f ' \ An importantmeeting of allASS th 0 Cl ATI QMS \ ™ Luteme County will be 1e ambulance.-— I with Mr. Robert L. Bartl ass0 ’ *e ciatiOns the OM'tce. Comprehensive I the general ptNisy\\iama Department of Health, U • Mr' John J ^"'tty, of the Ambulance TaskHealth Force Cplanning roTthe ’ ^bulan, "Ume County Medical Society, will and„ r.'. Dr.• Michael q ^'wentatives of the ambulance associate Committee " of the w'th the —i ons. Repre°n should 1 make Second meeti ng. >rt°f°tof -aff 9"16111 associateI the Imh ambulance effortt" . mbul very' important attend this AGREe meet MENTs lick ^aSe c Station a„ -Ju<=hik preernents ’ txecutjVe -- Orga .' : Civil Defense Tdand returner Director of the Di rec duly execute the basis for County, be a--. reements are CountyThe These Stations in the Base - the specifications that wi writing Commissioners in ad verti s County - stage in implementing th second lunications System. Commu. COUNCJLME borough Regional Affair The Institute of cooperation with the Public Se in again offer a course in local governt tion for borough councilmen. This c give newly elected borough officials ance with administrative them in their work. practices Topics that w the course are as follows: Structure Local Government; The Making of O Finances: Police, Traffic and Parking Fire and Building Codes; Waste D Health; and Zoning and Planning. fire COURS The Institute of TRegional Affai in cooperation with the^ - Public S offer a Fundamentals Firefightin, Fire Prevention and Inspect! on c officers in command The first course is positions, an designed to gi standing of such topics as Ladders Fires, Use and Care The second course wi IIof Masks, Re I present topic of Prevention Fire Hazards and Inspection, Fir Systems, In si and Causes,, Fire Pr< pection Procedures, I Procedure Records and Reports, Fire Safe Public Relati ■ F ire ons. Classes for Thursday at ~ the F -refMhting Co in Room 53,7:00 P.M. Laflin. Cla.,’ Parrish ’.^S'nning . Hall Course will sses for the a* Wi| Fire prev« on Febrv* meet every Wi uarY II, 1970 edne ^'Ikes Coll at ■'ege. in Room The courses are cate M- �STREETS has been paved with g'. glass in nine whether discarded -J glass uted for the sand, gravel, and halt for standard paving. The prevent cuts in tires and then ead to harden. ifacturer of glass, paper, and rperating with the University U. S. Public Health Service s to develop practical means stes like make and plastics glass simple disposal and ULEVARD ci I has approved the corridor of Pennsylvania ’or the State Boulevard, to a point where the i . will be able to offer c'ty Rede•velopment Authority each a lump sum. During the several r months, the mai n relocati on problem has been or\a — where the ra'lroads operations now carried w\\\ transfer on in the The magnitude of the central city negotiati has r* ■ been ' never equaled in this ons with the rail1(>44 country.. Although through ' urban renewal have acquired ra' lroad p these acquisitions mostly dealt property, with sometimes two. But one no city has ever rarhoei. five railroads at the tried to same time. heal The Industrial Park IRenewal Project is . _... Urban -.can largest such undertaking undertaking in the the renewal region. It has a in region. tag of more than $15 million. It has been said ' ,.j million. It has without the Industrial Park Project, nothing the Qu has done or can do will make sense - all hinges this project. For example, the city cannot relieveiu traffic congestion until the boulevard is built and open.j °Pene(j Department of plans and specifications for access corridor highway through the for approved by the city Planning ment Authority and also was Motor Valley □. I priority THOUGHTS FOR TODAY the “downtown Club. rating The in People who get down to brass tacks usually rise rapidly. Brevity is the next best thing to silence. the e present railroad yard area zity’s Industrial Park Urban state Highway Department t about three years from the vould be needed to complete This would take the project 1973. roject is now centered on re major railroads which run iter of the City to one end IN THE official LIBRARY publication with articles on current developments in the field of law enforcement. ons of these properties is the renewal project. The MUNICIPAL LA» Service - ; REPORTER - Local Government August) reporting »■ monthly publication (except the right-of-way for the new he railroads have progressed municipal law cases. CHROSTWAITE’S 10 WILKES COLLEGE, WILKES-BARRE, PENNA. XVIII NO. 2 THE JOINT EMERGENCY COMMUNICATIONS SYSTEM A Joint Emergency Communications System has been discussed with the Board of the County Commissioners, and the Board is in favor of such a system. Funds are w available from the Regional II Council of the Pennsylvania Crime Commission. The County Com­ missioners have already made the award for the base station at the Court House. The Board of County Commissioners will shortly advertise for the base control units in the municipality, so that eventually 20 to 25 police departments will be tied to the network. In the meantime thought must be given to bringing fire companies, ambulance associations, and hospitals into the network. Funds for these organizations are available under the Federal Highway Safety Act of 1956. THE CHALLENGE — Pennsylvania Department of Public Welfare — A bi-monthly publication dealing with mental retardation, child welfare, and public assistance. CHICAGO POLICE STAR — Chicago Police Department- The NEWS-LETTER PENNSYLVANIA A meeting of municipal officials, fire companies, ___ ____ „ ambulance associations, and hospital representatives has been scheduled for Tuesday, February 17, 1970, at 6:30 P P.M. -M- in the dining room of the New Men's Men’s Dormitory at Wilkes College. Mr. Robert L. Bartlett, Representative, Highway Safety Group of the Department of Highways will explain the guidelines under this act. The session, including a question and answer period, will spell out details of the Federal Highway Safety project that can be financed on a reimbursement of up to 50% of costs. Make meeting. Non-Profit Organization U. S. POSTAGE PAID Wilkes-Barre^ pa. 355 permit N®* •* every effort to attend this very important AMBULANCE ASSOCIATIONS An important meeting of al I the ambu lance associ ations ln Luzerne County will be held following the general session with Mr. Robert L. Bartlett. Mr. John J. Farrell, p 1 e Office Comprehensive Health Planning of the ^ennsy|vanja Department of Health, and Dr. Michael G. LuriSty' the Ambulance Task Force Committee of the reUZerne County Medical Society, will meet with the senteSentatives everytl'feS the ambulance associations. Repreambulance association should make e fort to attend this very important second meeting. Director of the Civil Defense Organization of Luzerne County, be duly executed and returned to him immediately. These agreements are the basis for the location of the Base Stations in the County. They are the basis for writing the specifications that will be used by the County Commissioners in advertising for bids - the second stage in implementing the Joint Emergency Communications System. BOROUGH COUNCILMEN COURSE The Institute of Regional Affairs at Wilkes College in cooperation with the Public Service Institute will again offer a course in local government and administra­ tion for borough councilmen. This course is intended to give newly elected borough officials an intimate acquaint­ ance with administrative practices in order to assist them in their work. Topics that will be considered in the course are as follows: Structure and Organization of Local Government; The Making of Ordinances; Municipal Finances; Police, Traffic and Parking; StreetMaintenance; Fire and Building Codes; Waste Disposal; Recreation; Health; and Zoning and Planning. FIRE COURSES The Institute of Regional Affairs at Wilkes College in cooperation with the Public Service Institute will offer a Fundamentals of Firefighting course and a Basic Fire Prevention and Inspection course for firechiefs, officers in command positions, and volunteer firemen. The first course is designed to give firemen an under­ standing of such topics as Ladders, Pumps, L. P. Gas Fires, Use and Care of Masks, Rescue, and Oil Fires. The second course will present topics such as: Principles of Prevention and Inspection, Fire Prevention Codes, Fire Hazards and Causes,, Fire Protection Devices and Systems, Inspection Procedures, Inspection Practices, Records and Reports, Fire Safety in Schools, and Public Relations. Classes for the Firefighting Course will meet every 12, 1970 Thursday at 7:00 P.M., beginning on fFebruary _. in Room 53, Parrish Hall at Wilkes (College and in Laflin. Classes for the Fire Preventioni and Inspection Course will meet every Wednesday at 7:00 P.M., beginning on February II, 1970 in Room 53. Parrish Hall at WiIkes College. AGREEMENTS which w 'mperat've that the Base Station agreements ere distributed by Nicholas H. Souchik, Executive FEBRUARY 15, 1970 iffered without charge to enrollees, The courses are of will be awarded at the annual Certificates of Attainment those who meet course requirements. May dinner to �MIDDLE MANAGEMENT SEm1n institute OF Dr. Hugo V. A ten-session Middle Management q possible under a Title I grant of the H- l1”' Act of 1965, will be offered to local i!7r Institute of Regional Affairs. The Econ dUStry by7 regional affairs Mai ley, Director newsletter VOL. XVIII ment Council of Northeast Pennsylvania wOh'C DeW| 6 NO. 2 FEBRUARY IS, I970 This News-letter P“b’,sh®d community service or gmates Institute of Notes and inquiries may be Affairs, EcSSiSX. Pennsylvania,^ Subscription free upon request. SERVICE AWARDS The Institute of Regional Affairs will again offer Service Awards at the Annual Graduation Dinner in May to those local officials who have contributed untiringly over a long number of years in the service of their governments. Kindly send the name of the employee or official who is deserving of this Service Award to the IRA. Included in those eligible for the Award are; school board members and secretaries, police, firemen, councilmen, mayors, solicitors, engineers, planning and zoning commissioners, and township supervisors. If there are any doubts as to whether a governmental official or employee is eligible, do not hesitate to get in touch with the Institute. This Award is given as an expression of appreciation for ability, wide experience and untiring efforts as an outstanding public servant over many years. A person who has merely minimal service should not be nominated. Nor should any person who has already received such an Award be nominated. ZONING LAW COURSE The Institute of Regional Affairs at Wilkes College will offer a course in Zoning Law and Administration for members of planning commissions and for members of zoning boards of adjustment. This 6-week course will review the legal basis of zoning, including the major decls'°ns that have upheld the use of this Major planning found 6 ma'°r definitions of this tool as frequently sh“ld ”•! consistently come into contact wi’thThVzoning (iT -,.,5lasLses for the course will February^' 7 30 P-M- beginning on F ' Parrish Hall at Wilkes Colleg. -"-,e ' the Seminar with the Institute. The SP • sPonJ conducted by John R. Boehringer of'"^ ^'H Associates. ^°ebrinje'r The purpose, approach, and method of the Seminar is fully described in a sPeciPa|e|y^tatl’» brochure available on request. The areas sei. Pr'"te< analysis and discussion at the sessions are: overview of middle-management I ....... ^'na, functicmanagement, personnel management, ; ..I-10", 0ffice accounts "*'n8 and budget control, procurement, production l. control, , ^lity control, inventory control, advertising and ■•J sales tion, and continuing self-improvement program".Pr°'’0' Program. In view of the fact that the Seminar will have only j limited enrollment, an early registration will assure hreservation of a place in the Seminar. « 'S'- AMERICA’S TRANSPORTATION TRAUMA highway facilities with mass transit. ple'nentin8v user funds are earmarked on the theory that pie*1 Highs should be reserved for facilities that benefit these taxes ta*e the levies. This rationale ignores the ay of modes of transportation. By relieving those who * P Knce interdepen transjt beneflts motorists as well as ,rdeP< congesiti tl0on d,’rs _ wh0 at other times are motorists too. riders transit ^jSSjon urges that all States give clear recogniTheC°mthe interdependence of alternative modes of tion t0 n ancj broaden the purposes for which traflSP°r-user funds may be allocated to include, parhighWa,yJ transportation planning and mass transit in tjcularl'’ urban areas. COORDINATION GAP Regional Director for environmental protection The Philadelphia area believes the Pennsylvania the in Department ought to stop harassing stubborn Health polluters with repeated visits from water pollution engineers, air pollution inspectors, sanitarians, and industrial hygienists. Rather than sending an air pollution man one month, a water pollution man the next, and a sanitarian the month after that, it is his opinion that the Department should strike the polluter all at once. Not only does this let the offender know where he stands, The Rev. Leonard M. Jones argues; but it also sets him up for a “quick, clean legal knockout punch” if he remains stubborn. A recent Report (No. 57) by the ITT Research Institute of Chicago under contract with the National Cooperative Highway Research Board, stated that highway congestion works against the car as a commuting vehicle. The Report went on to say that those who “For years and years, unfortunately, the different switch from auto to public transportation frequently public health disciplines have gone their merry way name the effort and strain of driving and highway con­ without any sense of togetherness. Take the example of gestion as the reasons for the switch. Moreover, the a solid waste disposal site of questionable character. older an individual is, the more apt he is to prefer some Pollutants leach from this site into the ground, and form of mass transit to the private car. If the commuter eventually into waters of the Commonwealth. From time is a man, elapsed time of the commuting is a decisive to time there are open fires on the dump, polluting the factor. If a woman, comfort becomes more important. airAnd it also serves as a haven for vectors of To meet the changing transportation needs of America, disease — mosquitoes, flies and rodents.” the Advisory Commission, in its latest publication As the governmental structure now exists, the anitary Water Board might issue an order to stop the entitled, "State Aid to Local Government, ma' several recommendations, among them that 0 c an^,, weter pollution; the Air Pollution Commission might . m- V a halt t0 the burning; and, the Regional Sanitarian so called "anti-diversion” policies to permit meet ^ig t cite the dump for harboring rats. Nowhere does highway-user revenues to be applied to r— m ePartment as a whole step back and take a look at transportation needs; Twenty-eight States, If the "anti-diversion" provisions in their ^°7|USiveiy qua|.Ump aS a s'n®'e Public health problem. ne y of the environment is to be improved, the requiringthat highway-user taxes be earmarke e < Sta«s essary ingredient is COORDINATION. for highway purposes. Most of the remain , W require similar earmarking by the statute. another mission views the "anti-diversion P° icy e highway total cost bidding reflection of the rural and intercity bias> in j. at at* or years municipal officials have encountered a programs. Earmarking provisions were ad°Phighway-,jse' "tajor ull 'lemma in trying to buy the best equipment when some States were channelling non-high", aKailable The problem centers revenues into welfare, education and ot er$ ncontribut aoutthe to meet their needs. competitive bidding process and the preparation programs. Without doubt these provision, - , rate h* °f bid specifications for such specialized motor equipto the development of the nation s _eavy-duty trucks, front-end loaders, back-hoes, chan«ed- ! ders. and system. ‘Wn d street sweepers. Specifications which are ' "^th' Today, however, transportation ®oa'S cboke :< may restrict competition or disqualify is Certain °° tightly” may City streets and even urban expressways vjron*. 1 11" feel "rti H"’^facturer ,,’s products; yet, some officials flow of goods and people. And the ur an^ urge^ $uP' that it wli Spec'f'cati°ns are needed to assure the city befouled with noise and fumes. The n t|Op bf 1 receive proposals for equipment that will the metropolitan areas to relieve con needs and specifications, even if competition < Stasb- Th-day at 970 ln Room 53, The -urse ___ _ is offered without charge to £Certificates of Auainr--' enrollees. • -.... ~r t0 those who -••e annual the course requirements. (continued) may be restricted and higher prices may result. At the other extreme, <--- "■ specifications that are drawn too loosely” may resu|t jn thg r.„. . ' ow birj” that represents m. e municipality receiving a but maximum operating cost r- ........ " -■'-I purchase cost resulting from excessive "sp:;;s;alaube°ve-average ^.tune,^-> -..J below-average for RTgrhdt”Sor°”|o7 .mUn'C‘Pal °fficial's Preference certain u e specifications, one thing is . ■ ■ e^h aPProach involves financial risks for the municipality and possible fail,,™ , KS t0 benefit from capital invested in equipment H'3’""’11'’' To help minimize financial risk and maximize return ln:eSt7 m equ,pment’ the concept of total cost bidding has been developed. Simply stated, total cost bidding is a procedure designed to take into account all major cost factors incurred in the initial purchase, maintenance, and disposal of a piece of equipment. Under total cost bidding procedures, the bidder is required to furnish: (I) his bid price for outright purchase of the equipment, (2) a guaranteed maximum maintenance cost for the expected useful life of the equipment, and (3) a guaranteed repurchase price for the equipment at various intervals within the useful life of the equipment. From the municipalities standpoint, the initial purchase price plus the total guaranteed maintenance charges during the life of the equipment less trade-in or repurchase price is the municipalities total net cost for the acquisi­ tion, maintenance, and disposal of the price of equipment. A number of advantages to this approach become readily apparent. First, the municipality receives guarantees that it can receive a stated amount as resale value for the equipment at some future date, and total repair costs for the equipment will not exceed a stated amount guaranteed by the bidder. In addition to these advantages, total cost bidding allows all bidders to meet specifications and include several possible alternates to produce the lowest net cost to the munic­ ipality. Finally, total cost bidding allows the municipal official to consider all of the cost of equipment owner­ ship, maintenance, and disposal at the time of purchase. SOUTHERN COACH GETS AID Southern Coach Lines, Inc., has reached an agreement with officials of five towns in Tennessee on subsidies that would enable the Company to continue service to these areas under reduced schedules. The city of Chattanooga has agreed on a subsidy of $63 000 to enable the company to continue service through next June 30. In addition, agreement has been reached on subsidies from other municipalities served by the local transit system with Signal Mountain to pay $2 000; Red Bank, $2,500; East Ridge, $3,250; Ridgeside, $25 , and Fort Oglethorpe. $1,650. golf course owner may petition for a In Hawaii a golf course i i the land's actual value. special assessment based on -» the land to golf The owner, however, must dedicate and there must be a course use for a ten year minimum <... covenant not to discriminate. �homes for agED HU „„rlv held that a The Delaware Supreme Coursebuilding non-profit“Themed ^handicapped is» exe-npt as though the corpotat.onschatjeto w break even that such rentals P exempt persona Beginning January 19 °. O J, property of non-profit property and thaLP°ndOenxcO|fusivelyPusPed in the operation corporation with leas A^P f corporation actual y of home for elderly persons a hold interest in a b°rn and if the lease provides obligated to pay property tax • The leasee for the title to vest eventually n to exemption 1974-75. L STJX. - “ must come from Pa^e" ’. no individuals; and on dissolution the «sets ar distributed to the exempt corporation. Assessors in determining the true cash value of the property of homes for the elderly persons, must consider exchange va u of the property; gross income that could reasonably be expected in renting to the public generally, less operating expenses and reserves for replacement and depreciation; location; and relative supply and demand for similar property. INVENTORIES Connecticut will begin exempting inventories of mercantile establishment under the following schedule: 1/12 in 1970; an additional 1/12 more each year until 100% for 1982 and later. Oregon will also begin to phase out inventories. Beginning August, 1969, there will be a reduction of 5%, with 10% in 1970 and 15% in 1971. In 1972 the reduc­ tion is to be 20% and thereafter it will be 10% per year until August, 1980, when all inventory is exempt. as" in (2) The resultant hourglass shape population profile with large numbers of and a relatively small number in the °f tlle Us y°Un« < ages b^ee„ (3) The continuing rise of the service as employers. lndustries _ (4) The shift, even within manufacturing itself, from blue-collar to white-collar jobs. (5) The increase in years of education and leisure and the decrease in years of employment per worker. THOUGHTS FOR TODAY Conventions are meant to guide, not bind us. Whatever your lot in life, build something on it! IN THE LIBRARY CITY MANAGERS’ NEWSLETTER - The International City Managers’ Association — A semi-monthly publication for members of the International City Management Association. CIVIL SERVICE JOURNAL - United States Civil Service Commission — A quarterly publication of the U.S. Civil Service Commission noting recent trends in public personnel administration. CLEAN AIR — Pennsylvania Department of Health -A monthly magazine designed for the purpose of promoting better health and community development through the treatment of air pollution. IRA NEWSLETTER Institute of Regional Affairs Wilkes College Wilkes-Barre, Pa. 18703 Return Postage Guaranteed news-letter (I) The huge postwar upsurge in births which duced the biggest ten-year population increa< Pr0. nation’s history. the t of the net earnings 1"' BMBSHEDDEN FARLEY LIBRARY Demographers are looking at five r-. .?'.°r forces will shape the next decade as they have ' ShaPed the that one. Those forces are: >aSt Non-Profit Organization U. S. POSTAGE paid Wilkes-Barre^ PaNo- 355 J permit WILKES VOL-TxvTiLNOlI SERVICE AWARDS The Institute of Regional Affairs will again offer _____ s at the Annual Graduation Dinner in May Service Awards local officials who have contributed untiringly w those long number of years in the service of their over a governments. Kindly send the name of the employee or official who ' Service Award to the IRA. Included is deserving of' this " school board in those eligible for the Award are: members and secretaries, police, firemen, councilmen, mayors, solicitors, engineers, planning and zoning commissioners, and township supervisors. If there are any doubts as to whether a governmental official or employee is eligible, do not hesitate to get in touch with the Institute. This Award is given as an expression of appreciation for ability, wide experience and untiring efforts as an outstanding public servant over many years. A person who has merely minimal service should not be nominated. Nor should any person who has already received such an Award be nominated. TAX EXEMPTION Two previous short articles in this Newsletter dealt with tax exempt property, particularly that of colleges and universities. The General Assembly has presently “"^consideration two bills (HB 1348 and I34A) which would place -- taxes on land of institutions of higher "ducation. The whole subject of tax-exempt property comes at a time when municipalities are finding it difficult i to match revenues and expenditures. The taxpayers’ revolt against new taxes and new bond issues seems directed against churches and colleges as the ScaPegoats. Amidst all the mis-statements and myths f subject, there are some clear facts. total" i^! f'rSt place- between 25% and 40% of the can be"11 area 'n a t>'P'ca' city 's tax-exempt. This time M6aSl^ ca'culated if anyone would just take the usually °St °f t^1's 'and area is in streets and highways, depend, amountin8 to about 20% of the total land area, temaind^ °n t'1e numher and size of streets. The ^XoofX °f th6 tax-exempt property (between 5% and t-hurche 6 tOta' 'ar|d area) is owned by schools, colleges, Cemeter^’ Par^s' railroads, utilities, private clubs, state, andSp hospitals, and governments (local, county, In tbe typi ,econd Place, most of the tax-exempt property j t^Ca city is owned by governments. The property schools, parks, state capitols, post offices etc men Thus taX'eXe,"Ptions were removed, one unit of’govern! collected.anO " W°Uld Pay 75% °f eVer/ tax dollar In the third place, there is no clear picture of what the assessed or market value of property is worth. A property is worth. retired English literature professor, Martin A. Larson estimated it to be $569 billion or one-third of all real estate in the Nation (The Churches: Their Riches, Revenues, and Immunities). A special study (Taxable Property Values) by the U.S. Department of Commerce in 1966 estimated it to be about $115 billion. The Professor based his figure on an extrapolation of figures of 12 cities and 2 counties. The Department of Commerce figure is based on a census of all governments. Who is correct? Perhaps the Professor should have confined himself to his literature, and leave “extrapolating” to the statisticians. In reality, most levels of governments that are responsible for placing market and assessed values on property don’t perform the function, knowing full well that such property is tax-exempt. Moreover, it is difficult to agree on assessment value when 2 separate boards assess tax-exempt property for 2 different levels of government. In a 1969 Real Property Inventory for Wilkes College, the IRA found the same property assessed at $61,940 by the County and $66,710 by the City. The County assessed still another Wilkes property at $13,280 whereas the City assessed it at $24,518. Still a third Wilkes property was assessed at $62,820 by the County, and at $192,850 by the City. The same 48 parcels of tax-exempt Wilkes property were assessed at $ 1,415,170 by the County and $ 1,713,469 by the City. This is a rather wide disparity of over $300,000 in assessed valuations. Multiply this disparity in assessment valuations by all the tax-exempt property in the City. In the fourth place, it is ridiculously erroneous to expect that if the tax-exempt privilege were to be completely removed (and anything less than that wou d be a gross injustice), local governments could expect to. cut their taxes by 25% to 40%, since 25% to 40% of the total land area is tax-exempt. In other -r ^ the myth runs rampant that if exemption is removed from th 40. of real property now exempted in a city the general property tax rate could be cut by 40%. The truth of the matte is that if all tax-exemptions were eliminated in "a“ . | fitv in the U.S. (and not just colleges and the T'c'l out of every dollar additionally paid in taxes, S'dty would pay about 20 cents more, the schools �institute of regional affairs Dr. Hugo V. Mailey, Director NEWSLETTER MARCH 15, 1970 VOL. XVIII — 'tnhscriotion Subscription free upon request. would pay about 15 . on cents the hospitals would pay _■ on. The cents^the sfatTabbut 10 cents , aridj sb .... churches another 5 to 10 cents and colleges would probably pay 2'7 occur by removing each. If this is what would typically gained except creating more all tax-exemptions, what is g jobs for bureaucrats? City revenue may not- be increased by the expected 25% to 40%. In the fifth place, local governments do not bear the burden of tax-exempt property. R.ather schools do. It just so happens that in the typical city, the city itself owns as much as 75% of all tax-exempt property as was mentioned earlier. If the city paid taxes to the other levels of government, including schools, and collected taxes from all tax-exempt property, the city would suffer a net loss (to expect other levels of government to exempt city property while the city taxes the property of the other levels would be a gross injustice). If the Wilkes-Barre, School District should tax WilkesBarre City property and vice versa, who would be doing the subsidizing? The consequences might be more farreaching than any of the City fathers can imagine. In the sixth place, it is part of the mythology of tax­ exemption that any and all tax-exempt property can absorb the tax with little or no consequences. Suppose a non-tax supported college is about to raise $3,000,000 in a capital fund campaign for a new building. Let us remove the tax-exemption privilege granted by all levels of government (including schools). The annual taxes could run from $250,000 to $500,000 on the new building, an annual levy the college may well decide it cannot afford. The trustees thus decide not to build the new addition. Presume further that tuition has already been ra'sed to meet the current tax bill. The trustees then decide .they have several courses of action open to them - make lt a publicly supported institution, restrict enroll­ ment, permit its buildings to deteriorate, or close its theTcannot abSsorbOaSetaxaZ^uST" if all tax-exempt pr perti (ex ludi ' * of government and churches X VALUATION cont’d.) ;$SED v‘ (ASSESS estate increased from $357,990,380 in 1969 to ' ~ at what "s161 8ID- The increase in valuation over 1969 !e?e’ents.. additional revenue income of $60,000 for the ’■The increase amounts to .2 mill since a full Count/of taxes yields about $341,000. price? INO. 3 ■ 'v as a oublished monthly m the Institute of This News-letter, P' originates i.. community service, C-T’ ■ . Notes and ’» College, Regional Affatrs of Wilkes Dr. Hugo v. addressed to to” L inquiries may be <• Regional mane/, „------- . Institute of R<_ 6____ Affairs. Mailey Wilkes .Director,. College, Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania 18703 \l I IIVWW these tax-exempt institutions closed their do, beCa, the tax cannot be absorbed? Suppose a JOrs | closed its doors in order to sell the property 7" taxes. Would there be a buyer for the church o7 ' a kind of property that has a limited use? °PeH Where does the city find a willing buyer for a hospital C°nSequence t “T the typical American city? Who would t0 were compelled to operate a collet d 8a'n 'f the city In the seventh place, removal of all tax-e ignores the difference between land and imp?e'''Ptions ro it. Land is hardly ever assessed at more t°hVem6nts of actual market value, whereas buildings are aan l5,i from 20% to 200% of actual market value. ThSSesse<l value of tax-exempt property is readily distort^'the tax-exempt institutions have most of their as^’^ assets buildings, whereas government (especially loc ^.tS in most of its assets in land (parks, golf courses e In the eighth place, the public furor over tax-exem'ot^ ’ for colleges and churches has diverted attention f the rise in public construction, assets of.private pe/01" funds, the lack of a uniform policy on unrelated busines?" owned by tax-exempt organizations, the replacement^ the property tax as a major source of local government revenue, the shift of the more enlightened local gOvern. ments to “user fees”, and President Nixon’s innovative proposal of bloc grants. The Presidents’ proposal of $5 billion in bloc grants by 1975 is twice what could be realized by taxing all tax-exempt property in the whole country. Just think of it! veral Luzerne County communities experienced increases in assessed valuation during 1969 while la^e 'remained stable and some decreased. The certified i lion figures show Plains Township with a tremendous V ase in valuation, partly due to the mammoth reassess'nCre of the industrial corridor along Route 315. The "ien‘ hip gained $1,648,255 over the 1969 total despite a in coal valuation of $440,780. Edwardsville Borough, site of major shopping center construction over the last few years, had an overall valuation increase of $731,770 in the last year from a total valuation in 1969 of $5,723,840 to the 1970 figure of $6,455,610. Hanover Township experienced a gain in valuation of $322,000, almost all in buildings and improvements. Wilkes-Barre Township, which had a valuation gain of $270,230 in the last year, may show an even greater increase in the 1971 certified valuations due to construction of the large Wyoming Valley Mall, most of which will be in the Township. HVM Meanwhile, the Wilkes-Barre City figures compiled by the County showed a loss in valuation of $167,740, found in all categories: land, coal, and improvements. HISTORICAL TRUST Pittston City’s valuation also decreased $20,606 due to a drop in the valuation of improvements. In Nanticoke, The Historic Preservation Trust of Berks County is the building and improvement valuation decreased seeking to have five buildings in Reading officially 583,050 while land increased by $6,460. declared historical by City Council. The buildings all date to the 18th century with the exception of one which dates to 1846. The bui Idings have twice within recent WHY PUT POLICIES IN WRITING? years been threatened with demolition. There are no ceil uiiccucii&m tviuii -------------------Results of ' • 1968 opinion survey taken of plans for demolition of the buildings, ut t e _ fan 'informal current [.... • ■ - waiting until state school board associations and state education Historic Preservation Trust is wisely not department official -- 1 suggests that upwards of 60% of the the next move comes along. of buildings nation’s local school boards (more than. 12,000) do not There, have been numerous examples Maintain a v but well-developed system for keeping written across the country being s be P°licies tip to date.. Lack of staff, time, or know-how main reasons for the confusion and doesn’t loom, but it is certainly safe. Many ti has been considerable regret about previous £en failure to preserve some part of our nation P result often has been expensive reconstruction. 1 the schools are under attack . * •««». teacher XL’*"groups, by rebellious students, oiri"1^' Coinm^' in the .a|| for Doesn’t Wilkes-Barre have deep roots ca- H to wealth’s history? Isn’t it inconsistent it tfl" that a s'111 renovating part of the downtown area so allow reflect proud heritage of the city and then existing part of that heritage to vanish? ASSESSED VALUATION * few. Iibrari«. a cemetery or tw0 ' ^'.^Pitals, fences, and all the veterans buiIdin , n°C'al Service The total property valuation increased nearly $13,892,062 for ....... .. valuation, from 5378,892,992. b' I estate Rea ,0« in 044,252 in 1970, for an increase of $14,053,872 ■u.’’’ d a slight decrease in 1970 with a total ?alue 53 I showed a s stl° - .q compared with $7,010,550 in 1969 for a $365,000,930 to by by norities, when taxpayer groups vent their anger ej, °n Svc- ool bond issues, and when federal funds for Ration 1 are being cut, the National School Board oSS°Ciati°n calls for school boards to put their policy h°use in ( ^ociati,,or er and commit their policies to writing. The states that’ 'n 'tS October- 1969 issue of The J°urnald6veloi’Ping many boards ______ system ----boards have no workable for and determining policy statements, or their fritter. anSfy mi !n Polic?es P°licie. ,c< Luzern*^ in over 1 1970 valu3Itio" ' a new (cont’d- on n' are woefully out of date, or their contradictory, or their policy statements are some unknown spot within the central office The Ncn. — Puttin,? l Pers tbe following reasons for school g their policies in writing: ?unninzaebnusiPnOliCi1eu eVeryone that the board behaZ SS"ke°PeratiOn- Reflect responsible ' ' , 'nfOrm everyone about the board’s intent, goals nd aspirations. Ambiguity, confusion, and trouble are more likely to result when policies are not written out. ■ ■ ■ They give credence to board actions. People pretty much live by the letter, even though they may not agree with every jot and title in the board’s policy manual. . . . They establish a legal record. This is especially important for those local policies that carry the force of law. . . . They are impersonal, administration difficult. make whimsical They . . . They foster stability and continuity. Board and staff members come and go but the policy manual (kept updated, of course) endures and helps assure smooth transitions when organizational -or staff changes occur. . . . They contribute to the board’s efficiency. Many routine decisions can be incorporated into written policies, thereby freeing up board meeting time for more important matters. . . . They give the public a means to evaluate board performance. Publicly pronounced policy statements prove that the board is willing to be held accountable to the public for its decisions. . They clarify board-superintendant functions. When the board establishes policy guidelines, the superintendant can get on with his daily work. They help disarm crackpot critics. The accusations ol local cranks seldom prevail in districts that have clearcut and timely written policies that reflect thorough research, sound judgement, and careful planning. Isn’t the above good advice for all local government officials? LET ME OUT! This might be the cry of city officials these days: me out of the enigmatic maze of legislative For example, the legislature enacts an dictates.” almost unworkable mandatory arbitration law. Arbitrators come down with decisions necessitating drastic financial arrangements by local officials. What to do? Raise taxes, of course. Wrong! The legislature says, "No, we will not give you the power to raise local taxes”, (as evidenced by the defeat in the House of 5. 106, the "Let occupational priveleges tax raise). Can’t raise taxes, so we’ll have to cut costs. Right? No, wrong. A recent bill (House 434) would amend the Arbitration Law to prohibit the reduction of the size of police or fire forces after a determination by a board of arbitration. There is only one answer left. Local governments are going to have to start printing their own money. Legislative Bulletin February 6, 1970 Pennsylvania League of Cities �ACTIONS SPEAK TOO as much as your words, . . . Your actions communicate supervisor don’t shut employees out of so if you are a ;y you do things conveys to the your actions. The way you of them and in turn helps mold staff your impression c. — their response to you. REAPPORTIONMENT The suburbs - not the cities or rural areas _ to be the big winners when state legislatures app|y IS? I census returns in the second wave of reapporti' under the "one man, one vote” mandate. 01,r"T>ent PREVENTIVE Remember: attend a conference or staff 1. No one should meeting without being told to pass the word. Nothing creates rumors like a communications vaccuum. 2. story. A new policy is more 2. Tell Tell the the whole whole story. easily accepted when the “why” is expressed. 3. Clarify your organizational relationships so that the channels of communication are short and everyone understands how to use them. 4. Eliminate communications blocks. 5. Employee participation in policy making ensures correct interpretation and helps gain acceptance. 6. A well-planned training program for each area of organizational activity helps promote two-way communication within the organization. 7. Don’t keep people in the dark — it just creates rumors. 8. Anticipate what will stir up controversy and get your word out before the rumors begin. Modern Hospital NEWS-LETTER Concord (Calif.) Transcript GEOLOGY Calling for “a more meaningful and practical dialogu among geologists, engineers, and city planners', Hollis M. Doyle, Assistant Secretary of the Interior fOr Mineral Resources, stated at a San Francisco meetin recently, ‘Mt’s high time we applied some preventive geology. To solve its deepening environmental problems resulting from urban growth, the nation must make better use of its earth sciences. Too often, a housing develop, ment is planned, a complex industry facility is laid out a bridge built, a road constructed, without knowledge of the terrain conditions or hazards that might have been avoided.” THOUGHTS An income tax withhold nothing. FOR cocktail is TODAY two drinks and you The girls with the least principle draw the most interest. LOCAL “, . . The Governor shall issue, annually, his proclamation designating and setting apart April 15 as Local Government Day and calling upon the citizens of the Commonwealth to recognize the vital role of local government, including municipalities and school districts, in the preservation of our heritage of freedom, justice, equality and self-government, and to remind the people that unless every individual citizen takes an active interest and assumes responsibility in his local government, there can be real danger he will be losing control to the State and Federal government over problems which he knows best, such as public education, health, and safety ...” ANNUAL CLEAN STREAMS - A quarterly newsletter concernin; The next reapportionment likely will bring the first urban-dominated General Assembly in the state’s history into office. Commercial Appeal, Memphis recent trends in the treatment of stream pollution. COMMUNITY concerning — A magazine problems in providing community informatio' administration. COMMUNITY SERVICES OF PENNSYLVANIA - This monthly publication presents information of federa and state welfare legislative activities. IRA NEWSLETTER Institute of Regional Affairs Wilkes College Wilkes-Barre, Pa. 18703 Non-Profit Organization U. S. POSTAGE PAID Return Postage Guaranteed DAY -e of the Act No. 22 of 1965 creating The language this observance states as follows: May, 1968 REAPPORTIONMENT GOVERNMENT LIBRARY . . . THE IN penna. Wilkes-Barre, Pa« Permit No. 355 DINNER The eighteenth Annual Dinner for Award and Certificate winners will be held in the dining room o the New Men’s Dormitory at Wilkes College on Tues ay, May 26, 1970 at 6:30 P.M. This is a gala occasion tor local officials, local government employees, and ot ers in Northeastern Pennsylvania, particularly in Luzerne County. This Annual Dinner brings to a climax a o the year year’’ss activities conducted by the Institute o Regional Affairs. The main speaker of the evening will be the Honorable William T. Schmidt, new secretary of the Department o Commerce in the Commonwealth. This department has assisted this area with large grants-in-aid in or er Emulate its renaissance and redevelopment, It is expected that Sei Schmidt will have a very timely and informative tcretary r message for all of us interested in the economic health and prosperity of Northeastern ennsylvania. Hfl2LET0N SetTohfe POLICE CIVIL SERVICE tute of Regional Affairs Civil /ules ;and regulations for the the rServi ce Commissioi'O so that the C°unci| can employ police ? der'ng^tes of the t0 Civil ’|g ls type of has prepared a Hazleton Police Commission and under the Civil State.' The Institute has been professional non-profit service erv'ce Boards and Agencies for the past 18 APRIL 15, 1970 years. Benefits of this type of testing service are: the selection of qualified candidates, the measure of employees' skills, the administration of promotion fairly, and the improvement of personnel morale. Thus, the Hazleton Council and the Civil Service Commission join the growing list of municipalities in Wyoming Valley who avail themselves of these testing services. WAGE DATA The IRA is preparing the 1970 survey of salaries, survey of salaries, wages and fringe benefits in Luzerne County municipal­ ities. The Survey has been a continuing project of the IRA over the past six years. Secretaries and clerks have been forwarded the 1969 Survey for reference in providing the 1970 data. The footnotes in the 1969 Survey should be carefully checked for any changes. The 1970 budget data on salaries, wages, and fringe benefits should be returned to-the IRA so that the Annual Survey can be completed by May I. If the information is not made available in reasonable time, the data assembled from the cooperating municipalities will be published. DIRECTORY The Institute of Regional Affairs maintains a complete directory of all local officials and organiza­ tions in Luzerne County, not only for the mailing list for the IRA Newsletter, but also for communications from the Institute of Regional Affairs. Fire companies and departments have been mailed forms to be completed and returned to the IRA so that a 1970 directory can be compiled. These forms should be returned immediately to maintain an accurate directory. WARRANTS A 62% increase in the service of outstanding tov m warrants has been noted by, the Los Angeles Police of the "automated want/warrant" Department through use c This permits the return of criminal want/warrant system......... - . — outerized file within seconds and information from a compi . .... toward a centralized, country-wide, is the first step U..ipid retrieval want/warrant information system. ra| �r and a short drive from any center city even now revea|s that its vestiges are still prevalent. INSTITUTE OF REGIONAL AFFAIRS Even in sophisticated “cities" like colonial g0 Dr. Hugo V. Mailey, Director and Philadelphia, the property owner owner ’s rain barrel °n ' ii ____ — U; firo __ t businl1 °r private well was his only fire nrrifpctinn protection. Tl The man lived in his establishment, providing his „ ’ . personal protection against invasions of person Person property by acting as his own watchman or wardino wardi"g the intruder with his trusty breechloader. Even SUc|) mundane facilities as streets once fronted cr.! °n|y the properties of individuals willing and able to do the Work themselves. Water was carried from a stream or well, | and its purity depended mainly on the good sense oj the owner to locate the source higher than his outhouse NEWSLETTER VOL. XVII APRIL 15, 1970 NO. 4 This News-letter, published monthly« a community service, originates in the Institute of Regional Affairs of Wilkes College Notes and inquiries may be addressed to Dr. • Mailey, Director, Institute of Regional Affairs, Wilkes College, Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania 18703 Subscription free upon request. TRANSPORTATION REGIONS A major transportation issue in Congress this session will be Senator Warren Magnuson’s proposal to establish regional commissions to coordinate all transportation policies within a given area. The bill (S. 2425) is pending before the Commerce Committee (of which Magnuson is chairman). Under the provisions of this proposed legislation, the Secretary of Transportation would be authorized and directed to designate, with concurrence of the governor of a state, appropriate “major transportation regions.” Existing regional commissions could qualify under the terms of the bill. Each regional commission would develop plans, research and development programs and demonstration projects for balanced and coordinated regional trans­ portation development. Each region would be required to formulate a long-range overall transportation plan designating the priority of transportation needs and identifying the transportation resources of the region. The commissions would also develop specific plans for the development of an improved transportation system within the region. Furthermore, each regional commission would initiate research and development programs to improve intercity passenger transportation and any other transportation service essential to the region. Actual demonstration projects would be authorized. Federal assistance would be disbursed pursuant to a formula based upon area of the region, population and number of municipalities, and would be limited to a maximum of 90%. Is Northeastern making preparation for commission just in case S. 2425 should pass? SELF-SERVICE MUNICIPAL OR such a COLLECTIVE RESPONSIBILITY? J--« — How did self-service give way to collective municipal responsibility? Not, as most people believe, because an omnipotent colonial municipal government or legislature, or even later, the state, recognized collective responsibility for the public health, welfare, and morals of its people by establishing standards of service and mandating public performance. Individual self-service merely led to voluntary private cooperative arrangements among persons and groups who faced squarely the inadequacies of personal responsibility as population and structural density increased. Primitive, but still largely private, collective responsibility, not state mandate, gradually replaced individual self-service with occasional group self-service. Municipal respon­ sibility was slow in developing, although quite early the “cities” eased into the picture of “municipal" service by various routes. Boston was rather reluctant, choosing to merely encourage private street construc­ tion by remitting a portion of taxes to those who built a street on their own initiative. Philadelphia, quite early, took a bolder step by exacting a certain amount of personal labor on its streets annually. Public assumption of responsibility for fire pro­ tection, today commonly acknowledged as a most necessary and basic municipal service, was especially late and hard aborning. The private rain barrel or well proved insufficient as buildings grew closer together. Private fire companies were the first response to the need for some form of collective and more certain security. Operating on the basis of fixed fees, they confined their service to those residences and other structures which displayed their distinctive identifiestion plaque, now the object of intensive search by lovers of antiques, which indicated that the fire victim was a member of the arrangement in good standingWise old Ben Franklin demonstrated a high civic sense and concern for those who could not or would not subscribe to private services by organizing the firSt volunteer fire company in America. The continuing predominance of this form of protection in our time obviously reflects no change in the traditional recogni­ itia1 tion of collective responsibility for this essentia' RESPONSIBILITY (Cont’d.) HCIPAL -rjns statement must seem incredible to the This of fire‘ who are under the false impression that every who citizellS,iity is required by the laws of the Commonwealth >ClPIIvania to provide this service. The authority of Penn ' the general or specific corporate p;-,-.-; powers is arn°P8the respective codes for the various kinds ......^ of l'st ■ lities. Only in this sense has the state: moved nwnicipa origjna| position of “self-service” toward Elective responsibility.” class cities are authorized “to organize a Third bureau, with °r without Pay” and “to appropriate fire ° for 'maintenance of fire protection facilities, funds ■ ment, and quarters.’’ Cities may “appropriate eqi insurance for volunteer firemen injured or killed in for . i of duty.” Boroughs “may make appropriations for line ""linteer” fire companies. First class townships V°U take all needful means for securing the safety of "may ersons and property,” “may appropriate funds for equipment, etc. . -” and “are empowered to take measures for fire protection, and have sole discretion !0 determine what money shall be thus applied.” Townships of the second class may “make appropria­ tions for purchase of fire equipment and to maintain fire companies and establish regulations for their governance.” Generally speaking, municipal authorities have exercised these corporate powers in varying degrees, ranging from well-organized paid or volunteer protection to little or no active support for this service at all. To contend, however, that all municipalities are bound by law to provide this service is a misconception. Essential as the service is, even in the remotest and most isolated community, the State to this day does not "mandate” municipal fire protection; it merely "authorized” and leaves the decision “to have or not to have” to the discretion of municipal governing bodies, Pennsylvania courts have consistently made it clear that municipalities cannot be compelled to provide fire protection. In 1945, the Pennsylvania Supreme Court affirmed a “erks County decision that the City of Reading “need not maintain a fire department, though it may organize tim're bureau” (Steffy v. Reading). About the same B°e, the Lackawanna County court held that the ^r°ugh of Taylor “may make appropriations for C0l|Unt?er fire companies, but no duty is imposed on BoroCL t0 do so’’ (Taylor Hose and Engine Co. v. Town h- °f Taylor)ln Luzerne County, Hanover first S|'P WaS told in 1947 that “Commissioners of for fjC ass townships are empowered to take measures determ^6 protectiorL and have the sole discretion to V- Han'06 W^at money shall be thus applied” (Uzdilla *»as i °,Ver Township). |n 1959, the Union Fire Company against the c----common hazard of fire. Little wonder that the timidity and I reluctant s-----SUpport of fire protection services by some i municipalities r— more and more frequently elicits from citizens ihe’ theco „ tne haunting n’’"3 question of what these municipalities municipalities would would du if . 1 granted the generous easure of “home rule" they 0claim —.,.1 as an inherent right! WHN ARBITRATION Pen'nVvan^heTo^ a recent decision by The < °f that an m requiring that the City pay premiums onTos^italS’ on insurance for the employes’ families, hatI exceeded ts power, because, under the Third Class City Code a s lp'“”!» oaneFs J m 6XCept the emP|oyees. and the panel s powers could not exceed those of the city Although the policemen of Washington, Pennsylvania would be more concerned about the loss of benefits for their families, students of local government in general, and of arbitration in particular, are more concerned about the substance of and the binding character of compulsory arbitration. The Court stated that an arbitration panel is neither a court nor an administrative agency. The inherent differences between an arbitration panel on the one hand, and courts and administrative agencies on the other, explains the logic behind the distinction. An arbitration panel is a temporary “one shot" institution, convened to respond to a specific conflict. Once it reaches a decision it is disbanded and its members disperse. The mandate of its decision must not be delayed indifinitely through protracted litigation. The Court quoted the Arbitration Act pf 1968 in its reasoning — “The determination of the majority of the board or arbitration thus established shall be final on the issue or issues in dispute and shall be binding upon the public employer and the policemen or firemen involved... No appeal therefrom shall be allowed to any court.” The law clearly limits the power of the courts in accepting appeals. Under the Law, a city does not have the right to appeal a decision of an arbitration panel. This means that the only course of action open to a city is that of refusal to comply. After such a refusal to comply with the award of a panel, the police would then seek a mandamus order to compel compliance. As any local government solicitor well knows, there is some risk in a municipality becoming a party in a mandamus proceedings. service. aPpropri°rtned by a Berks County court that “making ^iscreti atl°nS f°r maintenance of a fire company is Even if a political subdivision cannot appeal the decision of an arbitration panel, the door is opened in the nature of a narrow certiorari. The Supreme Court will review only: (I) the question of jurisdiction. (2) the regularity of the proceedings before the panel 3 questions of excess in the exercise of powers; and 4 constitutional questions. If this is the case the opening for the governing body of a mumc.pahty ,s On the other hand neither does it indicate muc*1 neither does it indicate change m the nature of the collective responsibility (In re unPary w'th the Board of Township Supervisors Un|on Fire Co.) small indeed. 0 t e state and local governments in general 0 protection of person DTonprtv naainct person and and property against the the haza h— rd5 C°"ectivptran^e tblat tble State has accepted the idea of ,t’andatreSponsib''ity f°r protection of public health tne rule even m later colonial America, (cont'd. on next page) n°t yet r 'n8 municipal treatment of sewage, but has eRtiired municipal responsibility for protection word of advice for The Court had a very strong Although the field of private labor­ arbitration panels, relations, hours, wages, and conditions of management (cont'd. on next page) �ARBITRATION (Cont’d) so in that such payment indirectly affected the But what would the Court say to such sub- POIl'A, % jobs affected by abolishment, job descriptions’ classifications, transfers, promotions, chens' iobfsuspensions, and a host of others. What a f,s. mandatory bargaining subjects between the p0|jc O % or settlement of grievances must be m with the law, which, according to the accordance v. a Court, means only those powers expressly given municipality by the Legislature. The essence of the arbitration award may only Court’s decision is that an £.■«>* require a public employer to do that which it could adjustment do voluntarily. The Court has taken the view that in spite of the fact that neither the relevant constitutional provision nor the enabling legislation clearly delineates the power of the arbitration panels, the salute cannot be inter­ preted to impliedly grant public employers the power to do whatever a set of arbitrators decree. It can only be hoped that the reasoning of the Court does not constrain local governments and their employees to innovate new programs and policies through arbitration. The enabling legislation which created the arbitra­ tion system in Pennsylvania provides that policemen and firemen “have the right to bargain collectively with their public employers concerning the terms and conditions of their employment, including compensation, hours, working conditions, retirement, pensions and other benefits, and shall have the right to an adjustment or settlement of their grievances or disputes in accordance with the terms of this act." The Court refined this to mean that “the scope of the submission to the arbitrators be limited to conflicts over legitimate terms and conditions of employment.” In the Washington decision, paying hospitalization insurance premiums of the members of policemen’s families may not have been legitimate terms or conditions of employment” because such payment was not “in accordance with the law.” In future cases, "legitimate terms or conditions of employment” may not be so easy to define. The Court rejected the policemen’s argument that such premiums were in the nature of REAL wages, and perhaps rightly certain confines. To recapitulate, no such exist in the field of private labor-management relatio'5 The Washington decision should teach <arbitrators a very simple lesson — DON’T SHIFT FROM PRIVATE ARBITRATION TO PUBLIC ARBITRATION WITHOuy FIRST BECOMING A STUDENT OF LOCAL __ GOVERN, MENT. Having arbitrated in both, I can attest t -“t to the fact that there are similarities and dissimilariti. -•des in both types of arbitration. HVM IN THE LIBRARY CONTROL CENTER COMMENTS - Luzerne County Civil Defense - This one page newsletter gjves information on the recent developments in civil defense in Luzerne County. COURIER - Department of Community Affairs - A bulletin reporting bills affecting local government which have been introduced in the State legislature and other news of interest to local officials. DELAWARE RIVER BULLETIN - Delaware River Basin Association — A newsletter noting trends in improving the scenic beauty and usefulness of the basin area. Tact is the ability someone else does. to shut your mouth before annual dinner eighteenth Annual Dinner for Award and The rtificate winners will be held in the dining room of ' New Men’s Dormitory at Wilkes College on Tuesday, Nay 26, 1970 at 6:30 P’M’ This 'S a gala occasi°n for local officials, local government employees, and others In Northeastern Pennsylvania, particularly in Luzerne County. This Annual Dinner brings to a climax all of the year’s activities conducted by the Institute of Regional Affairs. The main speaker of the evening will be the Honorable William T. Schmidt, new secretary of the Department of Commerce in the Commonwealth. This department has assisted this area with large grants-in-aid in order to stimulate its renaissance and redevelopment. It is expected that Secretary Schmidt will have a very timely and informative message for all of us interested in the economic health and prosperity of Northeastern Pennsylvania. WHERE ARE WE? According to the the February February issue issue of of the the Pennsylvania Pennsylvania Business Survey published by the College of Business Administration at Penn State University, the sixties ended with the best employment level in Luzerne County since 1953. l7r>o. According to the Pennsylvania State anning Board, the population loss of the fifties, when e county lost 11.5% of its population, turned into .a ght ^crease of 0.6% by 1968. Non-Profit Organization U. S. POSTAGE PAID Return Postage Guaranteed __________ WILKES COLLEGE WILKES-BARRE, THOUGHTS FOR TODAY Success in only a matter of luck — ask any man who fails. IRA NEWSLETTER Institute of Regional Affairs Wilkes College Wilkes-Barre, Pa. 18703 N EWS^TTER city? If these could be delineated beyond the gener in the enabling statute, arbitration panels (p'1'65. customed to imitations under laws) might stay°tac'l Wilkes-Barre, Pa. Permit No. 355 in A|'cornPanying the employment gains was a growth of p ar va'ue of retail sales that closely matched that Ttle v°lume in Luzerne County than nil10 $470.89l,000 in 1967, an increase of more nearly 260<7^rOni "Th® increase for the State was Hovvev— ^ver, improvement in the County's per capita !ncorne has h3 nOt been as 8°od as tbat in employment, in 11959 ~~ C°Unty Per caPlta income amounted to 81 % of the n 83 % fQrnational a*l0.nal average. Recently it was estimated at an increase i of only I %. The county per capita 'ncottig Wass calculated at $2,595, as compared with S3.l 59 or the Nation, ing and $3,176 for Pennsylvania, The article further states that it was the manufacturindi stries of the County that sparked job growth the sixties. They proved to be extremely stable ,.'960-61 recession. They expanded especially 1961 -62 and again in 1966. By the end of 1969, PENNA. MAY IS, 1970 these industries showed an average monthly employment or the year of 53,700, whereas in 1959 manufactures whC|U eSS than 35% °f the total employment while in 1969 they represented 40% of the total. Employment in nonmanufacturing industries of Luzerne County did not begin to expand until the second half of the sixties. Following the decline of the 1960-61 recession, they held steady until 1965, In most of the years following 1965 they expanded well and steadily. By the end of 1969, this sector reached the best job level since the onset of the 1957-58 recession. Monthly employment in these noncommodity industries is 67,600, amounting to a little over half of total employment. Meanwhile, unemployment dropped to less than 4% of a labor force that is the largest in more than 10 years. There has been little change in unemployment since 1966, although a slight increase appeared toward the end of 1969. The article shows some skepticism about the stability of employment in another recession, contending that there are elements of instability in Luzerne County’s economy. Some kinds of manufacture, especially the manufacture of durable goods, like machinery and metal products, are sensitive to change in market conditions, such as the production of women’s dresses, a major product of the County. Today the apparel industry is increasingly at the mercy of style changes. The article concludes that all the industries of Luzerne County show a high degree of sensitivity to seasonal change in their employment, perhaps as much as a 4.4% shift over the period of a year, merely because of seasonal changes in product demand. For Pennsylvania as a whole, the shift amounts to 4.0 points The seasonal fluctuation in manufacturing of points is much higher than the 1.8 fluctuation m the State as a whole. certification ---- , on a proposed bill Governor Oglivie’s signature -■-» makes it possible for before the Illinois Legislature r deputy assessor who has any Illinois assessor or c_r . purses of study and training completed the necessary courses Certified Illinois Assessing and has been presented a C-...... ■ > Illinois Property Officers Certificate (CIAO) by the 'receive from state funds Assessment Institute to r------of $250 per annum. additional compensation �will be administered by the staff of the |ns ■ Regional Affairs for “housekeeping" purpos^'11tut* Of INSTITUTE OF REGIONAL AFFAIRS Dr. Hugo V. Mailey, Director NEWSLETTER VOL. XVII NO. 5 MAY 15, 1970 This News-letter, published monthly as a. community service, originates in the Institute of Regional Affairs of Wilkes College. Notes and inquiries may be addressed to Dr. Hugo V. Mailey, Director, Institute of Regional Affairs, Wilkes College, Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania 18703 Subscription free upon request. HUMAN RESOURCES CENTER Plans have been announced by the Commonwealth to relocate State agencies providing human services in a new Human Resources Center in central Scranton. The Center will provide offices for 21 State, Lackawanna County and community human service agencies scattered through the City. It will be the first unit in a governmental and civic complex proposed by the Scranton-Lackawanna Development Corporation. The cost of the project, approximately 53,500,000, will be financed through a bond issue sold by Scranton-Lackawanna Health and Welfare Authority. The Center idea is a new approach to bringing services to people in one complex. Secondarily, it will help in the revitalization of downtown, a joint effort of local leaders and state and local governments. SUMMER INTERNS A Public Service Summer Internship program has been made an integral part of the Wilkes College Social Science curriculum in Urban Affairs. Selected students enrolled iin the Social Science curriculum in Urban Affairs will be given an c~; ** ' , to elect '. opportunity to participate in the practical work of public service ..-u zactivities under the personal direction and guidance of responsible administrators in municipalities willing to meet the degree standards of the College. The program is designed to s_rh supplement and heighten students' academic interest in his field of interest in the SSocial Sciences through e— .. , exposure to practical situations; to provide a "trial” experience for the student who is not already committed t: J to a definite career plan; to enable a student committed _d to a public service career to evaluate his i committment against reality as early as possible; to < encourage entry into a public service career. Students who meet the academic and personal qualifications required would serve as interns for a period of 8 to 10 weeks during the summer at compensation to be <agreed „ . upon by the student, the program director, and’ the ' i participating agency. Three academic credits will be granted for satisfactory performance in the summer internship program. The Internship Program the-job supervision of the student will be th' h" SO|6 i responsibility of the agency administrator, Student | evaluation by the director of the program and by the agency administrator will be continuous du ’ the I internship period. At the conclusion of each internship, both interns and agencies will be r-U'I'n’’ier requireii to submit program and student performance evaluat^" -uns. ( VIOLENT CRIME THE CHALLENGE TO OUR CITIES This recently published book, “Violent Crime The Challenge to Our Cities,” brings together the Report of the National Commission on the Causes and Prevention of Violence, and an introductory article by Daniel P. Moynihan, Counsellor to the President, entitled "Toward a National Urban Policy.” Both of these are concerned with the rising growth of violence in our metropolitan areas, more particularly, the core cities. The Report of the Commission delves into the problem of violent crime in detail, such as a profile of violent crime, the causes and rise of violent crime, and the prevention of violent crime. The conclusions reached by the Commission were: • of th® United States, the report does hold cities•ficance for Northeastern Pennsylvania, sig”' number of questions that will have to be 5^e are. a , adequate is our police protection, How ■riorating neighborhoods? How adequate , in deter eP^a"yr relations? Are the police adequately ’ our C°immunity they adequately funded? How long can Are twined? .lacent and think that it can’t happen here? comp I commonly accepted idea of “not getting we he '-[about the Wha r ied" which is prevalent in our society? inVC. Ttie Commission also emphasized the point that cities requires nothing less than progress safer/ ilS n tructing our urban life when it stated, in recon: i.e Federal Government must provide more and "The information concerning urban affairs, and should better i... extensive and sustained research into urban sponsor < and should sponsor extensive and sustained affairs, a.------... research into urban problems, and "The Federal Government, by its own example, and by incentives, should seek the development of a far-heightened sense of the finite resources of the natural environment, and the fundamental importance of aesthetics in successful urban growth." Again, although these problems are approached from a Federal point of view, it does raise a number of considerations of those urban areas in the North­ eastern section of Pennsylvania. What is your municipality doing about it? “Violent crimes are chiefly a problem of the cities of the nation, and there violent crimes are committed mainly by the young, poor, male inhabitants of the ghetto slum. “In the slums, increasingly powerful social forces are generating rising levels of violent crime which, unless checked, threaten to turn our cities into defensive, fearful societies. "An improved criminal-justice system is required to contain the growth of violent crime, but only progress toward urban reconstruction can reduce the strength of the crime-causing forces in the inner city and thus reverse the direction of present crime trends.” The Commission agrees with the Commission on Law Enforcement and Administration of Justice wherein their report they stated: “Warring on poverty, inadequate housing, and unemployment, is warring on crime. A civil rights law is a law against crime. Money for schools is money against crime. Medical, psychiatric, and family* counseling services are services against crime. More broadly, and more importantly every effort to improve life in America’s “inner cities" is an effort against crime.” Dr. Moynihan has outlined a ten-point program concerning the role of the Federal and State governments in the approach to violent crime, and the Commissio" agrees. The Commission emphasizes the point that the national investment in the criminal justice process be oubled, central offices of criminal justice be create at the metropolitan level, and that complimentary private citizen groups be formed. Although the Commission was concerned with the (cont’d. on next page) PRT COMMUNITY IMAGE Two short readings relating to community image are worth perusing for those who are concerned that North­ eastern Pennsylvania raise its stature. Elizabeth P. Dueterman writing in the February, 1970 issue of the Business Review of the Federal Reserve Bank of Philadelphia inquired into the reasons behind Philadelphia’s decline as a corporate headquarters by going behind the apparent economic data and talking directly to executives of Philadelphia’s major head­ quarters who make location decisions. Undoubtedly, many reasons fdZT’Kilad'elpTna's loss u eadquarters are primarily internal to the corporation. r e community may have little influence over these inaS?ns' 'n numerous cases, however, there are factors c te ree'ona' environment that strongly influence exeP°rate ^cation decisions. Civic leadership can is C'Se.S0Rle control over many of these factors. There transportation, local political environment, f- ■ corporate legal structure, and availability• -f of scientific and technical personnel. The rank order of the first ton judged inadequate by the 25 in J COmmunitX attributes image, hotels, loca[ po i ic ~"'ty of scientific and technics „ Onment’ availability environment (SMS A) di * Personnel’ regional political rssSSys the reputation a region has for being a favorable or unfavorable place in which to live and do business. The reputation may be based on facts or folklore It may be created by experiences visitors encounter today or by experiences encountered years ago. The reputation’ however, may linger long after facts change. But’ regardless of how the reputation is created, people are the chief creators. y\s is true in any study of attitudes, we know that people’s views of the facts frequently do not coincide with the facts. Attitudes of executives are no exception. Nevertheless, the subjective attitudes often count more than objective facts when decisions are made. How presidents and board chairmen of Phila­ delphia’s corporations feel about the region as a desirable location on which to maintain their home offices can play a major role in whether they remain in, or leave, the area. According to the writer, in each case, those attributes rated less than competitive with other regions relate to factors of human quality. She felt that these factors cannot be underemphasized. Corporate decision makers clearly consider the human quality for a community to play a much stronger role in the location of headquarters than in the location of production and distribution facilities. Furthermore, psychological costs appear to have greater weight in locating headquarters than in site selection for other corporate facilities. That the problem is human in nature is more obvious in some instances than in others. An obvious human problem is the unfavorable grade Philadelphia received as a source of top-quality and professional personnel according to the corporate leaders. Availability of these types of workers in a region is not one of the highest ranking factors evaluated in headquarters decision making. But still it is con­ sidered of above-average importance in the ranking envir aS'C need ?or better understanding of what these envir°nmental factors are. game. Local political leadership, in contrast to that at the state level has a stronger impact on negative attitudes corp0'1ratifaCt0rS ,isted in order of relative importance by state □ pypcutives toward ^^^rters tLoir inration tneir location. A community executives that influence the location of are the following: housing for management - --•< burden, major personnel, corporate tax ' — ■’,,'r P r °rate banking transportation for services, air Pr ?el’ '°«l availability of management and re ■ Ss'°na| r-----■ 7 enforcement, Personnel, community law ■ --'ivvis, space costs costs,, community. image, universities, cultural environment, regional of o2renVironment (SMSA), legal services, availability r0DProfe^ional Personnel (supporting office staff). oca home-office location. ----Philadelphia’s large If the resident executives of alucta human qualities of the environheadquarters evaluate and bread for visitors, such as hotels, ment, plusless bed than adequate, the author concludes that somewhat be real substance behind the region’s poor there may (cont’d. on next page) �reputation. If not, then opinions held by local execu­ tives, if voiced, tend to perpetuate a poor image anyway. A second piece of resistance is a recent publication titled “Prospects for Growth - Needs for Action distributed by the Economic Development Council of Northeastern Pennsylvania, an organization interested in the climate for growth in manufacturing and employment for a seven-county area - Carbon, Lackawanna, Luzerne, Monroe, Pike, Schuykill, and Wayne. This is the group’s second attempt to examine that climate. It does not analyze data from secondary sources, but pursues the same methodology by allowing manufacturers to have their say about what is good or bad about the northeast region from an industrial viewpoint. This project and its special approach offered EDCNP an opportunity to obtain other information from manufacturers in order to update and expand information obtained in a 1966 survey on plant location factors, growth potential, and related data. One objective of an earlier EDCNP survey was continued: Determination of the assets and liabilities of the region considered most important by industry and, specifically, how these relate to their business operations. The study underscores the importance of the generally favorable labor situation, the nearness to major markets and the excellent highway network reaching to those markets. It catalogues manufacturers' ideas of needed improvements in education, housing, political institu­ tions, and several other areas. When responding to, "What is our greatest liability? Specifically, how does it affect your plant?’’ about onehalf indicated labor. Although naming labor as a liability seems to contradict its being named as an asset, close examination of respondent's answers indicates that the problem was often one of finding a sufficient number of employees in certain skills. This was characteristic not only of Northeastern Pennsylvania at the time of the survey but of the State and Nation, as a generally tight labor market existed. The most common statements on the quality of labor referred to a need for better high school education locally and more opportunity for post-high school "nd vocational/technical training. Plant man and, considered that educational attainment of their « ei1' inadequate in high school science and mathematic^’ well as technical training at both the high ■sch0^d ! ’ Although the region is noted for its state parks Parks large private recreation development, recreation fac i-a,1(l criticized as maoequate inadequate at the local |, les > were usually criticizeo 5ve|, Thus, it appears from the comments that there is a eVi for neighborhood parks and a greater variety of ente- need1 Certain. I ment and amusements within walking or short dr""-"1' distances from highly-populated areas. Vln8 It is obvious that both these reports are hi hi highly relevant to our area. Not only must positive thinki be employed by the citizenry, but also the facing factors indicated must be corrected if the area is to grow and I prosper as a “good place to live and work.” HVM > IN THE LIBRARY REGIONAL REPORTS - Metropolitan Washington1 Council of Governments — A four-page Newsletter published to assist local communities in rresolving mutual area-wide problems in the nationalil capital region. CUES NEWS — Center for Urban Environmental Studies at Polytechnic Institute of Brooklyn — A Newsletter dealing with environmental problems in the Ne« York City area. DISTRICT FOCUS - Economic Development Council of Northeastern Pennsylvania — A bulletin devoted tt presenting community happenings of Northeaster! Pennsylvania. THOUGHTS FOR TODAY It’s true that gentlemen reverse is even more true. prefer blondes, but the When we kill time, we kill what life is made of. Non-Profit Organization U. S. POSTAGE PAID Return Postage Guaranteed 5S voTxvn NO. 6 ANNUAL ; WlLKE9COLL£SFWlLKES-BARRE, -------------------- # DINNER The Eighteenth Annual Dinner of the Institute of Regional Affairs held on May 26 at Wilkes College not only broke attendance records of all previous IRA meetings, but established the affair as the largest of its kind in the State. More than five hundred local govern­ ment officials from the Northeast Pennsylvania region, and their guests, jammed the spacious crescent dining hall of the New Men’s Dormitory at the College to mark the completion of another successful year’s program of in-service training for local officials and employees at the Institute and to pay special honor to two recipients of Service Awards for meritorious service to local government throughout a multi-county area. Arranged by the staff of the IRA, and “emceed” for the 18th year by Joseph F. Gallagher, Esq., Solicitor of Newport Township and Wyoming Borough, the program featured an address on “The New Northeast” by Donald Moyer, Executive Director of the Economic Council of NEPA and one on “Community Service” by Dr. Eugene S. Farley, retiring President of Wilkes College. Fred H. Miller, Executive Director of the Commonwealth’s Public Service Institute of the Department of Education, who has cooperated with the College’s in-service training program for local officials and employees since its lncePtion eighteen years ago, spoke on the need for continuing education and initiated the presentation of Certificates of Attainment. A total of 469 individuals received Certificates of IRA NEWSLETTER Institute of Regional Affairs Wilkes College Wilkes-Barre, Pa. 18703 NjaJS-LETTER post-high school levels. Wilkes-Barre, Pa- | Permit No. 355 Jtainment from the Public Service Institute in recognition successful completion of 19 in-service training courses i-_er.e<^ by the IRA. Service Awards were given to 60 local government officials by the IRA, nominated by their dedi C0lleaSues- in recognition of exceptional and cated public service to their communities. IRA t spec'al bronze plaque, awarded annually by the °utsta°rtt^at 'nd'vidual in the region who has contributed comm 11 ln£ serv'ce to the cause of government or citize membe ' Boroupu afTairs, was awarded to two distinguished The H°norable Frank O’Connell, Kingston, a tbe “f the Pennsylvania General Assembly and to atl(j otincil member, was honored for his devotion governmaCCornp'ishments in the promotion of better local Parley ent 'n bis community and State. Dr. Eugene S. the Aw ret'r'ng President of Wilkes College, received ^mun"d f°r b's dedicated service to the regional therefo,. because of his support to the IRA and e for his support in the cause of good government. penna. JUNE 15, 1970 Dr Maithe Service P|adue to Dr. Farley, Dr. Ma, ley made the following remarks: you’l^fHJ iS/° t0 repeat the storX of the IRA- x “”, “*-■ x the annual ,ep„ of It has only been because of his understanding of what the Institute of Municipal Government and its successor - the Institute of Regional Affairs - was trying to accomplish on the campus and off that I stayed at Wilkes. '‘The Farley Era of eighteen years was a most productive one, and local governments are all the better for it. “■In grateful recognition of his accomplishments toward community betterment for a third of a century, his dedication to education at every level, his supportive service to the cause of good government, his optimism and imagination in creating the “tomorrows” from the work of the “todays” and in recognition understanding, and support to the Institute of Municipal Government and the Institute of Regional Affairs since 1951, I present this 1969 plaque to E. S. Farley.” Dr. Mailey remarked on both Mr. O’Connell's service to Kingston Borough and in the General Assembly. He stated, “The recipient of the distinguished Service Award is certainly no stranger to the people of the West Side. Upon two different occasions he received both political party nominations to the Kingston Borough Council. He has served in this capacity for a period of ten years, four of which were spent as chairman of the Council. As chairman many changes took place. A swimming pool and park complex became a reality. A new municipal building was erected, the library was enlarged, and the Borough became active in two major authorities, the West Side Land Fill Authority and the Wyoming Valley Sanitary Water Authority. Additional land was acquired for the expansion of industries, parking lots were developed and streets improved. On the state level he has been quite active in the General Assembly, serving on a number of important committees, such as mine and mineral industries, transportation, conservation, and water and air pollution. He has also been an active member of the Joint State Government Commission for the study of the Susquehanna River Watershed Development Program.” (cont’d. on next page) �THE INSTITUTE OF REGIONAL AFFAIRS Dr. Hugo V. Hailey, Director NEWSLETTER VOL. XVII JUNE 15, 1970 NO. 6 This News-letter, published monthly as a community service, originates in the Institute of Regional Affairs of Wilkes College. Notes and inquiries may be addressed to Dr. Hugo V. Hailey, Director, Institute of Regional Affairs, Wilkes College, Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania 18703 Subscription free upon request. Both speakers at the Annual Awards Dinner left little doubt that the main ingredients of the great revival in the Northeast region of Pennsylvania have been energetic people dedicated to the redevelopment of the community by organized effort and to the concept that fragmented local effort must be combined under a cooperative regional attack on economic and governmental problems which have plagued the region since the demise of the coal industry. Donald Moyer, Executive Director of the Economic Development Council of Northeast Pennsylvania drew a thrilling picture of the ‘‘New Northeast” which, he said, has in the last five years received national recognition for its superior attainments in economic development. Citing a long list of accomplishments which have raised the region to its present status, he pressed home the contrast of the image of what was once a one-industry economy with the current soundly diversified industrial and commercial complex. Emphasizing that the national image of the region as the "coal region” has now all but disappeared because of the long effort of regional leaders and the people, he predicted a promising future for the Northeast as the center of a population of more than forty million along the east coast, provided that remaining localism is replaced by a spirit of regional cooperation in all areas of community life. Dr. Eugene S. Farley, President of Wilkes College, and one of the original prime movers in the renaissance of the area, spoke proudly of specific individuals, who at the low mark of e —J " economic decline, initiated the programs wfaich have culminated in current progress, _I i.i our Tracing the slow but su; sure growth in the number and dedication of individuals o'.s who worked unselfishly for general area progress, Dr. Farley emphasized task of revival and development is not __ d that the finished, and still requires “people to do the job”. I Noting that the dinner guests were all associated with local —I governments in the region, he emphasized the fact that fragmented local governments are one of the greatest remaining obstacles to a full realization of the region’s potential. Referring to historical experience of our country's growth once the narrow localism under the Articles of Confederation had been supplanted by the cooperative national interest, he called for earnest efforts of local officials to create larger units of local government which ould be capable of handling problems which now cross narrow municipal boundaries WHN ,„st1stablishment tute OF inregional aFFM>!i, 1947 Wilkes College Since its estalbl nity effort towards econ ^Tthe^^ leaders believedI 1 inextricably linked to development J1®*®^un-ity and the region. fortunes of tne M,,nicipal Government, formed The Institute °\ , . . _..d gown to In 1951 out of a mutual desire of town and with one another for the advantage of both — hadd as iia i , . 1 fundamental purpose to guarantee the semi-; ■autonomous I structure of American local government, so long as n would retain the capacity to solve its own problems, l Many innovations in local government in the North. , eastern Pennsylvania . reeion had their S • • beginnings^' Institute. workshops and conferences sponsored by the The commitment by the College in community affairs i was duly recognized in I960 when the Ford Foundation funded the Institute of Municipal Government, the Area Research Center, and the Labor Management Citizens Office. j In 1966, the Institute of Regional Affairs replaced the Institute of Municipal Government as a multi-purpose I College organization which views regional problems as belonging to no simple academic discipline, but rather i as a contemporary phenomenon spilling into many disciplines. The very creation of the Institute is proof positive that a full across-the-board commitment has been made by Wilkes College. Its resources include not only the College faculty in the Social Sciences but also experts in the region who can lend their assistance. The Institute of Regional Affairs, in bridging the gap between the scholar and the community, has three basic interrelated goals: — to help the College relate effectively to a constantly changing urban society. — to help the component communities of this region to develop a greater capacity for dealing with urban problems and for guiding urban development; and, — to help contribute generally to the development of knowledge of urban society and processes or change, and to methods of applying this knowledge- Wilkes College does not have a general extension division as state universities and land grant college5 have. The Institute of Regional Affairs has served as* point of first contact for community requests to deliver extension activities and operate a variety of continuing activities in the community. The Institute of Regi°na Affairs has been the buffer in handling these servic* activities. Instead of separating the “extension” the “academic” personnel, the College through th' Institute of Regional Affairs, has been able to h" people who have been able to coordinate functions fro scholarship to community service under a single canoPf' By utilizing this approach, the Institute of Regi0^ Affairs has operated as a catalyst in stimulating anil m ucing positive community responses to needs anil opportunities. The result of this approach is an l>--Institu1' (cont’d. on next page) . Affairs which devotes most of its technical ft"-- al nDii=J research on a local basis, deals with °fforts t0,ah0|ts” operating problems of the communities f.^ts a,ld.on and seeks to infuse some new understanding »fthhaRnep^°mena’ written to granted. The improvements = j community desiVe jP,nent'nvolves an 845' permits ofpr its very beginnings has Wilkes College ever from as the ideal American institution of higher viewed'^located in a peaceful, small, relatively where where its community of scholars could be iso ;0|ated |ated from the noise and confusion of the world and the r._ shut off ,r0™ order to devote their time to intellectual region in °rder t0 the regi°nJ"e transition from a relatively simple set of .its The t • __ pursllits' in jursuit Northeastern Pennsylvania to the highly C<,l, hnica| “"':"■■■■ of 7 the 1960’s and the :ondltl °?Sand S,nd complex complex C conditions has called —led for for vigorous and alert response from -s be they governmental, educational, institutions local or social. Not only has the College been a e<■conomic,in this transition, it has made an investment partner the work of the Institute of Regional Affairs through techniques, and insights that a rhat has yielded ideas, 1 s college may profitably examine as it small liberal arts into complex community and ventures more deeply d area problems. PRT PUD According to Research Report #6 prepared for the National Commission on Urban Problems entitled “Local Land and Building Regulations” by Allen D. Manvel, with 3,664 governmental units responding to a questionnaire, his study reveals that four out of five major cities, two out of three smaller cities, and nearly half of all cities reporting zoning ordinances have now adopted a PUD ordinance. This is a far cry from the bare 80 cities reporting Planned Unit Development ordinances nearly a decade ago when Urban Land Institute published its first major work on the subject. The actual statistics show that of the 3,664 total, 45% (1,648) have PUD provisions; among cities with 50,000 or more population, 63% have PUD’s; and, America’s largest cities with 250,000 or more P pulatlon. 83% (43 out of 52) have PUD’s. lon^^ concept of Planned Unit Development is no Planni 3 n6W 'dea from t'1e standpoint °f t^le physical Penns'1? 'and use and development. Recently, the passed ban'a SUPreme C°urt sustained the PUD ordinance Enablin BoroLI2h of New Hope under the Standard density'^H Ct' "Pde 'and was originally zoned for low the de’ | tached, single family use. At the request of Passed e°Per’ a PUD ordinance was introduced and of the |Un er th6 Standard Enabling Act with the approval 'nthisj°Ca' planninS commission. The PUD ordinance Uses andtanCe speBed out density standards, permissible ^tween1 k^e percentage of open land and distances ^cation buildingsIt left for free distinction the loc?'req? anb d'd awa7 with rigid front, side and rear yard natulr?mentS‘ tb|us allowing the planner to preserve the distincti contours of the land. The interesting summer theater town^at Ho^' -"i'ch is * A ^oup of Protestors anartCOlony‘ tPhemitr'dbUttheSupremeCoXaf P^ |iSSUanCe °f the the vahdity of the permits aDDrns{lvania sustained he Supreme Court held that th tbe PUB concept. ordinance with genera of passio? an loci administrative officer or build’ h “ a. than the zoninS filling up the detaUs wa '7 ,n,Spector) ‘he task of Standard Enabling Act The PUD w-0”" the that, after the passage of the nT Ordlnance provides made to the planning ° ordlna"ce, application is well TsoLnp"6^ aT°aCh t0 Z°ning fairs reasonably bas s nddevelopment takes place on a lot-by-lot basis, and so long as no one cares that the overall ppearance of the municipality resembles the design achieved by using a cookie cutter on a sheet of dough However, with the increasing popularity of large scale residential developments, particularly in suburban areas, it has become apparent to many local municipalities that land can be more efficiently used, and developments more aesthetically pleasing, if zoning regulations focus on density requirements rather than on specific rules for each individual lot. Under Density Zoning, the legislature determines what percentage of a particular district must be devoted to open space, for example, what percentage used for dwelling units. The task of filling in the particular district with real houses and real open spaces then falls upon the planning commission usually working in conjunction with the individual large scale developer. The ultimate goal of this so-called density or cluster concept of zoning is achieved when an entire selfcontained little community is permitted to be built within zoning district, with the rules of density controlling not only the relation of private dwellings to open space, but also the relation of homes to commercial establish­ ments such as theaters, hotels, restaurants, and quasi­ commercial uses such as schools and churches. The present controversy before this Court involves a frontal attack upon one of these zoning districts, known in the trade as a Planned Unit Development (hereinafter PUD). “We must examine the statutory power of the borough planning commission to determine whether such an administrative body may regulate the internal development of a PUD district. The Act of February I 1966, P.L. (1965) - requires that all plans for land laid out in building lots’ be approved by the planning commission before they may be recorded. Thus, the traditional job 'be Bpro°n /*as that, within the general frame of reference, t0 aPPrpvS P'anning Commission was then designated of the commission has been to examine tract plans to determine whether they conform to the applicable borough ordinances. The ordinances most frequently interpreted and applied by the planning commission are those bpildipgs 6 tbe details such as the placement of the Systems ’ the open sPace. recreation facilities, road (cont’d. on next page) ' and so on. A subdivision-type agreement was �USER FEES ^e'Hthrso-caUe^'pubHc'i'mp'rovements^HoweyeG the si— to ordinances dealing with perm.ssible building use as well Thus, the borough planning commissi remains the only other body both qualified and statutorily permitted to approve PUD. Of course, we realize that a planning commission is not authorized to engage in actual rezoning of land.” The Court noted that the Zoning Board of Adjustment was a statutorily created body for the purpose of hearing and deciding appeals on a case by case or lot by lot basis, strictly within the traditional zoning framework. Such a board cannot deal with large developments. The basic idea of a PUD development is to allow flexibility for both the municipality and for the developer. The developer must attempt to include certain features into a PUD that will give the potential buyer the assurance that the property value will be protected. Since the future tax base of the community is a vital factor too, the developers must build in those features which will help support the economic base of the community. He must respond flexibly and quickly to the market demands. Undue restrictions would be very self-defeating for the municipality. The effect of this upon the economics of development is difficult to foresee. It will, however, permit large corporations to develop vast acreage of land on a programmed basis. Large amounts of capital will be needed for this type of development, many times not found locally. Small size individual operations in the building industry may be shaded into the background. This kind of imaginative planning will make it possible to develop large tracks of land and at the same time meet the aesthetic needs of the people. It may ofTanCd°T /hat KaS been the haphazard development of land, tending to create the standard appearing sub- with small pieces °f °Pen land whichman? timeshas b^ times nas become 1 «3come an an eyesore. eyesore. If the NEWTOWN concept is not implementable PUD creations may be the next best thing. ’ U HVM “Many Local Officials Increase ‘User Fe Fiscal Pinch” headlines a lead article in the Wai? Journal. These "user charges” amounted to S22 PiN? for fiscal year 1968, or 19% of all city revenues blIli<*i. The Urban Data Service of the lnternatiOn Management Association has stated that us3 nearly tripled between 1955 and 1965. State and fees sales, income, and property taxes more than doubl W the same period. The UDS predicts that in the dtUI ending 1975, “user fees” will increase by compared to forecasts of only a 75% increase in tax jULliW NEWS-LETTER >1 Major cities where user fees sewer service charges, golf course fees, auditorium ..„„ls and see i.eois as S, a page copies THE VOL. LIBRARY FBI LAW ENFORCEMENT BULLETIN - Federal BureJ of Investigation - A monthly magazine noting recent trends in the field of law enforcement. FIRE JOURNAL — National Fire Protection Association- A bi-monthly magazine containing information on fire prevention standards, fire records, and other material of permanent reference value. FIREMEN — National Fire Protection Association - A | -r and2 employees in September. The record of «»., 500 CertificatesJinn.^ of Attainment awarded at the — r attests to the growing lT.S.Jn= .bls Fall sh.old reach awareness of the value of the IRA program, and indicates ui__.............. high. The courses will again be conducted by members of the Institute staff and selected professionals in each field, and will as usual enjoy the full cooperation of the Public Service Institute of the Pennsylvania Department of Education. There is no charge for any course. Civil Defense Training courses which have been firmed up for the Fall Semester are as follows: Course monthly magazine dealing with fire-fighting technique THOUGHTS FOR TODAY No real gentleman has ever heard the other fellows joke. Sept. Sept. Sept. Sept. Sept. Sept. Oct. Return P0Stage Guaranteed CIVIL SERVICE RULES Larksville Borough recently took another forward step in municipal administration by adopting in May its first tailored formal civil service rules and regulations for the Police Department. The rules and regulations were formulated by the IRA staff at the request of the Civil Service Commission. The regulations cover the organization and functions of the Commission, qualifica­ tions of police applicants, application and examination procedures, and certification and appointment of officers, as well as rules for suspensions, removals, and reduction in rank, and record system. The report of "Salaries, Wages, and Fringe Benefits in Luzerne County Municipalities" for the fiscal year 1970 has been completed by the IRA and is available at no cost on request by mailing a post card to the IRA in Parrish Hall at Wilkes College. Published annually, this survey is primarily intended to provide local officials with salary, wage and fringe benefit data for elected and appointed officials and employees in each municipality in the County. Officials have found it to be a realistic and valuable tool in the preparation of the 15 16 16 18 21 24 I Courses in other areas will be listed in the August Newsletter. ‘RA NEWSLETTER Institute of Regional Affairs Wilkes College Wilkes-Barre, pa. |8703 JULY 15, 1970 SALARY AND WAGE SURVEY Starting Date Basic Communications Light Duty Rescue Auxiliary Police Medical Self-help Civil Defense Operation Radiological Refresher Radiological Monitoring PENNA. ~ proposal for merging the police departments of Dallas Borough, and Dallas and Kingston Townships which is being considered for adoption in the near future. . critute of Regional Affairs is now Fpolishing ” ’ :..o The "r ,rse School bell w call inw session >ts ins.i.k. gaining el.s^s Io, local Short ia,s j.,.2 rescue techniques, and prevention programs. It’s hard to tbelieve " that the whole American Revolution started over just one tax? WILNO^------------------- WILKES gLKKCgLLEGE SHORT COURSES TO BEGIN IN SEPTEMBER have substamtaxei s ' outraced general tax increases include Atlanta, Buff | i Cincinnati, Denver, Kansas City, Philadelphia, Antonio, San Diego, San Francisco and Oakland, i? Oakland. " 1962, user charges negligible” In in O. ______________ ... "were negligibleklan'd. ,5 in O7fl ------- -- ' ' in I1970 about 13% (about $8 million) will come fro- IN 1 UBWW annual budget. POLICE STUDY Non-Profit Organization U. s. POSTAGE PAID Wilkes-Barre, P^1 j Permit No. 35Sj COMMUNICATIONS SYSTEMS Fairview have i ■ :w ar,d Wright Townships in Luzerne County joined *the . a Nuit u‘ ranks of progressive municipalities eterminedi to communit" uP8rade police services in response to ty growth Sr°wth attendant to economic development. The Institute of Regional Affairs and the Public Services Committee of the Greater Wilkes-Barre Chamber of Commerce have been working on a County Emergency System for the past five years. This system is intended to embrace all aspects of personal and property protective services, including police, fire, ambulance, and civil survey andSt'tUte °f ReS'onal Affairs has completed a two townsh’ report recIuested by the supervisors of the ar>d Wright -r-PS tit;'ed “Joint Police Service for Fairview Survey of °wnships.” The Report, based on a thorough SUl”uiari2e the c'laracteristics of this growing area, SeP3rate S aspects °f police operations current in the ■ yuiicc opeiduuiid t_uii^nv ... ^risdictions, describes the various options f°r c°oper«r Jt ' *Ve police activities available under existing Proposes a specific cooperation agreement conditions prevailing in the two townships, Whi lnhE• the -.a way for a more sophisticated arrangeother neighboring communities might join in ‘>C.eh Th' '-Wright Report was preceded by an I.R.A. ------- defense. There are three basic steps involved in developing such an emergency system. The first, that of purchasing equipment to serve as the base station of the entire system, has already been completed when Motorola Company was awarded a $28,802 contract for this portion of the network. The second step, that of purchasing 20 fixed-base control be located in designated control units units to to be L— consummated with the communities, has also been the County Comexecution of agreements between missioners and the municipalities. (coat’d. on next page) �INSTITUTE OF REGIONAL AFFAIRS Dr. Hugo V. Mailey, Director THE ECONOMICS OF HlGHWflv EMERGENCY AMBULANCE SERV|ce$ NEWSLETTER VOL. XVII JULY 15, 1970 NO. 7 This News-letter, published monthly as a community service, originates in the Institute of Regional Affairs of Wilkes College. Notes and inquiries may be addressed to Dr. Hugo V. Mailey, Director, Institute of Regional Affairs, Wilkes College, Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania 18703 Subscription free upon request. The next step will involve the awarding of contracts for the units in the police vehicles. The IRA is presently working on this phase of the whole plan, which involves securing certain data and information from all police departments in the County. Finally, numerous mobile radio units governmental, university, and private sources, an integrated clearinghouse for informative -Jn On aspects of urban affairs. mounted in emergency vehicles will be joined to the system to form a comprehensive communications net providing 24-hour protection of lives and property to most of the County’s 350,000 people. It is expected that the first two phases will be consummated by the end of September and the third phase by December, 1970. THE IRA LIBRARY One of the unique features of the Institute of Regional Affairs is a library which includes a selected, com­ prehensive collection of about 4,000 contemporary materials dealing with various aspects of urban studies, government, land use, transportation, management, social welfare, education, recreation, and public finance. In addition, the IRA library houses 190 periodicals covering virtually every aspect of urban affairs. These include such magazines as the American Institute of Planners Newsletter, The American City Magazine, American County Government, American School Board Journal, Chicago Police Star, Community Services of Pennsylvania, Council of Governments Regional Reports, County Government, Firemen, Fire News, FBI Law Enforcement Bulletin, Governmental Research Associa­ tion Reporter, Horizons, (of which the Institute is a contributor), International City Management Newsletter, Municipal Finance, Nation's Cities, Parks and Recrea­ tion, Pennsylvanian, Pennsylvania’s Health, Penn­ It is becoming increasingly risky to be injur auto crash or other accident requiring emergency amh 11 service, at least according to a report with th Ulants title by the U. S. Department of Transportation 6 ab°v* sportation. The Report indicates that governmental units5 “lien provide only the most rudimentary r management < total emergency system, resulting in of tilt 1 fragment ltat,on am an uneven blending of private enterprise and responsibility. Ambulance service r~ by funeral official homes predominates in the southern ern states and commercial ambulance firms in the west, Volunteer groups are most prevalent in the middle states and municipal services in New England. The e economics of of such such., service is described as "precarious” as precarious as to profitability profitability for private operators, quality and continuity of servicea; community receives, and from accident victim’s survival. the standpoint of the ' standpoint of Depending where your accident occurs, your chances' of obtaining quality emergency service may be affected. by many common inadequacies. Fast communications are often unavailable. Hospital routes are poorly marked, i and ambulances must travel streets clogged with traffic. ( Emergency units in clinic and hospitals are understaffed, and ambulance crews either lack even elementary elementary' training or are incapable of dealing with common condi­ mnn tions such as respiratory blockage and hemorrhaging. Scores of counties are without e----- " emergency treatment facilities and paramedical personnel of „f any kind, or even doctors. i On the basis of the surveys conducted for this Report, a number of specific ..industry concerns and | trends were noted. These include: 1. Finances. Bill collections, particularly for traffic accidents, a — are major problems for commercial firms and funeral ---- 1 homes. irnes. 2. Personnel. Commercial have pivuiviii-' problems ■in” ____ _ firms nave personnel recruitment, training and retention, primarily because of low wage rates, especially since the Fair Labor Standards Act raised the minimum wage to SI-60 per hour. Volunteer groups daytime personnel. 3. Abuses. ""n'orance °iqUes, and a passive attitude on the part of saving'^" officials and professionals, including the n,any *e 1 ofession. Therefore, the problem of public of paramount importance, along with the educat'on of leaders to face squarely the growing crisis, wil|i^neSantial proportion of the estimated 20,000 who if a subStaerish because of substandard quality and annl)allyofPemergency services are to survive. qUallt'ty estimated that about one-third of the funeral n |S bu|ances will be discontinued because of the home am facts of life. Services by volunteers are economic ° continue_ but services will be effected by eXpeCtjng costs of personnel and equipment, aggravated the r'he apparent reluctance of government and the sylvania Magistrates Reporter, The Police Chief, Public Administration News, Public Management, Public Works, State Legislature and Progress Reporter, Traffic Digest, Transaction, Urban Data Service, Urban Land, Western City, and a number of periodicals from individual states which serve as a basis of comparison for the municipalities of Northeastern Pennsylvania. purveyors feel that the public abuses their emergency service for — —r non-emergencies. 4. Competition, Commercial firms complain 0 competition from other the need for exclusive purveyors in their areas and fee contracts to assure a more sta level of demand. Although the preceding listing is but a sample of the periodicals that are available to governmental officials and students, it does indicate the width and breadth of information that is available to the public about municipal affairs. A close liaison is maintained with similar Nationally, commercial amhn?Iage Char*es per ambulance call for 3 t range betwee" $25 and $35. c arge $15 or |ess per ca||f and government services generally fa|| in a range of $|0 to 515. Usually | plagued by high1 cn^°r^ typically funeral homes) are c°sts, low utilization, and low charges (cont’d. on next Pa?e’ The City then decided to retain a professional insurance consultant. The City’s insurance committee, in reviewing problems encountered in obtaining liability insurance, recommended that the Cifv u- — .... o ..uvimy be self-insured on its public liability insurance up City to SIOO.OOO and j tbat it secure excess coverage only over the SIOO.OOO _amount. the SIOO.OOO Informal proposals were then obtained The insurance consultant suggested on this basis, changes in the insurance s several other finally accepted providedspecifications. The proposal d the desired comprehensive coverage for 55,000,000 coverage over SIOO.OOO of self-insurance under aexcess [ policy with one company plus an additional 51,000,000 ) excess coverage over the 55,000,000 to be ffurnished by a second company, or a total of 56,000,000 e ?3 excess public liability insurance. When the City was willing to accept _rt a policy with the self-insurance proviso, the three-year cost came to 535,825 or 511,941 annually. general public to respond to growing financial needs. The question of who should pay for emergency services is a fundamental one. Should more of the burden be put upon the specific users themselves, that is the traffic victim, or should society as a whole bear more of the cost because of the broad extent to which services are utilized? More and more local governments are aiding services by franchising and zoning service areas, rotating emergency calls among purveyors, providing direct subsidies, and guaranteeing payment for dry runs and noncollectable emergency calls. Among commercial purveyors, 30.6% receive some type of financial support from their community. In rural areas, there is increased numbers of centralized communication and control centers. Areawide planning = and - r cooperation between municipal, volunteer, and commercial ... services offers a partial but incomplete solution. Any viable system will cut across boundaries. municipal, county possibly and and Only by careful planning and medical, "lc0'cai, police, police, rmanufacturer, and and municipal authorities, can a real --d operations be avoided. state coordination among r , purveyor agencies, crisis in ambulance WHN SELF insurance complain of a lack o , Both volunteer groups and governmental Most funeral home, which the community has become accustomed. arative disarray of the nation’s emergency per^ t0 coniPceS is due in no small part to public apathy, The SerVf' the development and application of life- it attg11^3'6’ Ca''f°rn'a encountered some problems when thetempted rbPted to renew its liability insurance. In 1965, . 5 C y secured a comprehensive public liability 'nsurai Aprifeio°Verage Policy for the period April 12, 1965 to Ls w ’ for a premium of $51,969. Policy Nrnits jV $50°.000/$l,000,000 for bodily injury and I'oo.ooo or property damage. For the first time in the C|ty’s ^lude ■story, liability coverage was extended to detletS' S'devvalks, and vacant property and was °r C0(nplete pt“ comprehensive liability insurance. f°rtns an(j1>-rUary' l968> the city> sent out bid proposal '"trance Pecificati°"s to obtain renewal of its liability ?as recni Prov'd'ng the same coverage. Only one bid ?'383 er Which called for a total t premium cost of nd Mer or $369. 149 forr a three-year period, b'8 Was ■ d|d not n°t meet meet the rhe City's ri • specifications. The S Elected. --------- NATIONAL LAND USE POLICY A national anarchy” is the way Senator Henry W. Jackson (D-Wash.) describes present land planning and adds that ”60,000 governmental entities now have local zoning authority, and none wanting to give up any power.” On March 24, as Chairman of the Senate Interior Com­ mittee, Senator Jackson opened hearings to develop a bill that would establish an almost compulsory land use policy and would virtually compel states to zone all their lands. A 1969 Advisory Commission on Inter­ governmental Relations report, “Urban and Rural America, Policies for Further Growth,” recommended similar statutes. His bill will “force" states to exercise their states’ rights by allocating land for future industry, recreation, homes and natural preservation. His proposed bill would offer states grants-in-aid to establish state or regional planning bodies under the governors, penalize states that do not participate by withholding federal highway funds, give the newly-created state bodies three years to inventory all lands and then a fourth year to complete compre­ hensive planning, and create a federal Land and Water Resources Planning Council headed by the Secretary of the Interior. If Senator Jackson’s bill becomes law, it is doubtful that Pennsylvania’s zoning ------ ’ laws, which presently permit local ordinances to take precedence over county rdiuarices, can remain intact and unaffected. zoning ordinonces, can ,s of Federal Highway funds will be too great for The loss r like Pennsylvania to make up from state revenues, a state I..— ■ ------approach used by the Federal The "carrot and stick" effective method of attaining government is such an centralization!! I BUILDING permit forms ■_ j a new buiIding The U.S. Census Bureau has designed could help standardize permit application form which c„_._ throughout information collected by local governments the nation. and city offices now issue Some 13,000 county , ; widely in form and content. building permits that vary to compile comparative This makes it extremely difficult (cont’d. on next page) �information on new construction. The recommended building permit form was developed by the Census Bureau, an agency of the Department of Commerce, in consultation with the Bureau of the Budget, other government agencies, building permit officials, trade associations, and other organizations. The applicant provides approximately 20 relatively simple items of information in four major areas; location of the building, type, cost and purpose, selected characteristics, such as dimensions, type of frame, heating fuel, water supply, sewage disposal, air con­ ditioning and parking space; and identification of owner, mediation and fact-finding to be handled by th Arbitration Association. Not only are stri k 6 hibited but the use of any form of legal restr not P? ' is strictly limited. While granting the State"'ng Education more power, the Connecticut rev^ • B°ar(l w provide that the legislative body responsib|eSf°ns ’Is | priations (usually the town council) has 3n°f appt^ ‘ reject the negotiated agreement. Act had been exhausted. contractor and architect. An early version of the form is in use by 30 permit­ issuing offices in the metropolitan areas of Cincinnati and Columbus, Ohio. In each area a central organization compiles and publishes data on new construction. BARGAINING Eight states have enacted initial teachers bargaining legislation or revised existing statutes during recently concluded legislative session, bringing to a total of 22 the number of states with such legislation now in force. States placing statutes on the books for the first time include Maine, Nevada, North Dakota, and Vermont. Revisions or supplementary acts were passed in Connecticut, Nebraska, and Oregon. Binding arbitration except in personal welfare considerations is a noteworthy feature of the Maine act. Nevada confines bargaining to wages, hours, and conditions of employment and stipulates strict anti­ strike provisions. Legislation in North Dakota recognizes bargaining agents and establishes a three-member factfinding commission. The commission is empowered to adopt rules and regulations, including those governing representative elections, as well as acting as a factfinding body in impasse. South Dakota’s statute gives public employees the right to be represented in matters concerning grievances or conditions of employment. Strikes are prohibited. es P|| HVM IN THE LIBRARY... FIRE NEWS - National Fire Protection Association I Publication Department — A technical and educa. tional publication designed to inform .... members Of' meetings and current events of fire protectioi ■ on interest. / GOOD GOVERNMENT RESEARCH BULLETIN National Civil Service League - A quarterly publica-1 tion with evaluations and analysis of government' proposals, and articles dealing with needed reforms. GOVERNMENT RESEARCH BULLETIN - Political' Research Institute of Florida State University-) Published five times during the year, the Bulletin focuses on both political and governmental problems and interests. THOUGHTS FOR TODAY Give it another several years and the wild younger generation will wonder what became of the wild younger' generation. A paradox is a man walking a mile but moving only two feet. AUGUST 15, 1970 RETARDATION SEMINAR the mentally retarded have generally been Until neglected now, because society has taken a hopeless socially j them. In the past, institutionalization of attitude toward was the accepted pattern. Custodial care the retardate v. the only type of assistance given by most states. was t , the retardation stems from social conditions, in Often of the child in isolation is futile, which case treatment Studies of the impact of the social environment on the _ I that will be ineffective unless retardate reveal t..— treatment contributing sources to the it involves all C. possible r condition. New concepts in the treatment of the mental ly retarded are constantly being formulated. Today the focus is on a continuum of care provided in the community so that the handicapped individual may remain at home. To realize the goal of keeping the retardate in the community and trying to train him to be a contributing citizen, a greater burden is placed on volunteer social agencies, and medical personnel and especially nurses, and more importantly on the parents of the retardate. The problem, then, is one of training parents, nurses, and even doctors, together with all those who will be working with the retardate, so that they are capable of accepting new concepts of treatment. There is a need to help the retardate to learn to IRA newsletter Return Postage Guaranteed WILKES COLLEGE WILKES-BARReTpENNA? VOL- ^MENTAL The Vermont law provides for negotiation rights, with Institute of Regional Affairs Wilkes College Wilkes-Barre, Pa. 18703 NEWS-LETTER Otherwise ^Isl abide by it. The Nebraska revision extends the ■1 tion of the Court of Industrial Relations to r '^'bit­ disputes in public employment which would only^ 'a|>Cl school employees if all provisions of the stJlp,pll'ti Non-Profit Organization U. S. POSTAGE onction semi-autonomously by way of gradual contacts ind' the larger social system. Hopefully, the retarded 'earns to live within the social system of the chilZ ^mp'lasis on treatment of either the family or the costl t0/ exclus'°n of the other has already proved and X (approx'mately three billion dollars annually), ’ ore importantly, futile. PAID talent 'f ')ecause Parents of retardates are a reservoir of Wilkes-Barre, PaPermit No. 355 Affairs °h Ctlese handicapped that the Institute of Regional member undertaken to offer a program for the family of the retardate. Higher Fd'65 sem'nars funded under Title I of the who Ucation Act of| |1965 will be directed to parents ■■ • yu J Will O'. — -- . w. are most directly concerned with the retardate and -J co feel ^e need for basic training. The programi will e Sist of a of■ ten ............ evening sessions. Free e><change f . series ------- “ .. -f’eld will l° i^eas with well known authorities in the The" be encouraged. vii ®nd in Mav^T"1 'S scheduled to begin in September and nstitute nformation may be obtained by calling the Regional Affairs. CIVIL SERVICE The Institute of Regional Affairs will conduct examinations for applicants for the position of police officer for the Larksville Civil Service Commission on August 29. This adds another regional municipality to the long list who have turned to the Institute of Regional Affairs for assistance in drafting rules and regulations, developing application forms, and testing police applicants. GROWTH CONFERENCE • I*16™.1'0 'S aga'n invited t0 attend and participate FERFNcJ THk A.NNUAL C0MMUNITY GROWTH CON­ FERENCE 30, to be held at Wilkes College on Wednesday September 1970 z’ The general purpose of the Conference is to provide local officials and the general public with the informa­ tion necessary to deal with emerging issues that arise in the redevelopment of Northeastern Pennsylvania. The Conferences of the past have been successful in bringing together local government and civic organizations leadership with nationally known authorities in their fields. The theme of this year's Conference is "Goals for Human Needs.” The two panels set up for the Conference will discuss "Comprehensive Health Planning at the regional, county, and local levels” and "New Concepts in Housing at the regional, county, and local levels.” Among the speakers who have accepted invitations to speak at the Conference are: Henry Walkowiak, Director, Comprehensive Health Planning, Pennsylvania Depart­ ment of Health; Robert MacGregor, Executive Director, Health and Hospital Planning Council of. Northeastern Pennsylvania; Harold Sherman, Executive Director, Welfare Planning Commission; James E. Reynolds, Peat, Marwick, Mitchell and Company; Francis E. Moravitz, Director, Housing and Community Development; Jack Croes, President, Capital Industries, Inc.; Raymond Condo Executive Director, Ecumenical Enterprises, Inc., H. Gordon Council, Director, Breakthrough Operation, Department of Community affairs. of the speakers and the timeBecause of the caliber it is important that all community liness of their topics, L ia take advantage of leaders in Northeastern Pennsylvani rx ..... DATE ON YOUR CALthe Conference. MARK THIS L. ~ SEPTEMBER 30, 1970! ENDAR. DON’T MISS S_. �ACADEMIES” IN NEW JERSEY The “red ash” may even prove to be SUD INSTITUTE OF REGIONAL AFFAIRS Fr°m a con Dr. Hugo V. Hailey, Director tion standpoint, the substitution of red NEWSLETTER VOL. XVII AUGUST 15, 1970 material now being generally used in10 ne respee'cT|’U». a more abrasive quality that should mean better A' for automobiles when the road is wet. stone would save that resource, and it NO. 8 This News-letter, published monthly as a community service, originates in the Institute of Regional Affairs of Wilkes College. Notes and inquiries may be addressed to Dr. Hugo V. Hailey, Director, Institute of Regional Affairs, Wilkes College, Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania 18703 Subscription free upon request. LEEP Under the provisions of the Safe Streets Act of 1968, awards have been made to colleges and universities to provide a program of student loans and/or grants to state and local public enforcement personnel and to persons who promise to enter the law enforcement field. Wilkes College has been given an initial award under the Law Enforcement Education Program for grant purposes. The goal of the Law Enforcement Student Grant Program is to encourage in-service law enforcement officers to upgrade their educational levels and to enhance their skills and capabilities for effective law enforcement service. Grants are, therefore, available to currently employed law enforcement personnel up to $300 per semester or $600 per year, not to exceed the cost of tuition and fees. Eligible law enforcement officers may enroll for part-time or full-time study in directly or indirectly related to law' enforcement in such fields as Business Administration, Accounting, Psychology, Economics, English Com­ position, Computer Science, and Public Administration. Grant funds can be advanced only to applicants who agree to remain in the service of their employing agency for two years. If there are any law enforcement officers in North­ eastern Pennsylvania who wish to seek profession growth and development, they should immediately contact any member of the Institute of Regional Affairs and arrange for a conference so that a schedule can be developed for him. RED ASH TEST The State Department of Mines'is conducting an experimental project with burned ----out anthracite mine refuse material, could solve ’ that ' a two problems - recovery of the extinguishment on the burning culm bank projects and clearance costs of the land now occupied by the material for other uses. The so-called "red ash" is being used as a paving aggregate in several pilot road building projects, in n the rho area. If the material proves acceptable, and indications are that it will, it is reasonable to expect that eextinguished anthracite refuse would be included in futi .ture Highways Department paving aggregate specifications. return to normal use, hundreds of aSh for J'"' i could gr occupied by burning and burned out banks HOSPITAL DISPOSABLES The “disposables” - bedding, gowns, dishes other items of paper and plastics - so popular in hosn and nursing homes today are not an unmixed ble^’ according to Dr. William H. L. Dornette of the Cincin' ’ (Ohio) Veterans Administration Hospital, While -nan i ’ thJ lessen the dangers of cross-infection and save on lah» I costs, they are increasingly a trash problem -a and ;3 fite | I------------------ 1 hazard. "STREET torefront “street academies" have been of s’ the New Jersey Department of A number :ently by small, informal schools offer a started recc Affairs. The limited number of school Community / “'chool diPloma, 1for a high school being funded by a special sc The schools; are dropouts. The -opropriation. $480,000 api a,,v—•- and overal1 administration are fund allocation While f„ Department of Community Affairs, the city the L>cp“..... handled by , agencies jgencies work out many of the specifics in toverty anti-pc.^™ ' their local street academies. ind administering setting up;ai •ed academy system in New Jersey is idministeri The state-ai successful city-based system. The after a s. modeled v IUrban League pioneered storefront New York sometime ago. New York now has many Greater in Harlem s_. schools in various sections of the City. of this type i academies ; for the New Jersey academies ? students prospectiVe are recruited by special “ ' street workers” who dress and With the present concern over air PoHution,, the bi, question is how to dispose of the disposables . without/ incineration, Dr. Dornette pointed out out at at the the 7-ttn 74th Annua' Annu; Meeting of the National Fire Protection Association.1 ---------- . —MLiaugt Thaw ---- *-L 1 before r They rmnetiti'fa constitute a fire hazard Iboth and after use 1 because of their combustible nature. He continued tha: the young people in inner city areas and mingle talk like t in popular recreation centers and other gatherwith them The street workers concentrate on developing ing places. personal rapport with these young people while encourag­ ing them to try the street academies. To help provide while they may be slow-burning, they still burn and will 1.. . I • • produce large quantities of toxic combustion products, when burning under conditions of inadequate air supply. workers spend much of their time at the storefront schools, where they can help students with difficulties The fire problems associated with combustible disposables are particularly acute in nursing homes, Or. Dornette said, where most of the patients are bedridden or incapable of acting on their own, and staffs are not large enough to give help to those who need it in ai emergen cy. SHORT COURSES The following courses co-sponsored by the Institute of Regional Affairs and the Public Service Institute of the Pennsylvania T Department of Education completes th offerings of short < courses for the 1970-71 year: STARTING DATE COURSE Small Arms Advanced Assessors Course October 5 October 9 October 5 Octobers ' October 6 October 7 September H Collective Bargaining Public Works Equip. Mgt. Township Auditors Fire Apparatus Maintenance Ambulance Attendant Informational notices will uc be maneu mailed to — munic'P,s employees and officials within the next several «e CERTIFICATION necessary continuity for students who do enroll, street in the readjustment to studying. Primary function of the street academies is to train students in basic study methods which can be used later in more formal schooling. Emphasis is placed on increas­ ing reading ability to the eighth grade level, along with remedial work in mathematics and English.The curriculum is flexible and informal; each student begins at his own level and proceeds at his own pace. The storefront buildings also are used after school hours as study tenters and headquarters for tutoring programs and related activities. Transitional schools" are being planned for students 0 have reached the eighth grade reading level in the torefront schools. The transitional schools will be more sch^r^’ W'^ a course r°£ram °n ^e early high course P program proc° 6Ve' nra^5, preP school. f’na ..ul| stage stage in i the - remedial education completion of high school in a special NEW TOWNS Evi'ery year in the U. S., a million acres are converted from r tetal to urban use. Most of this development is “"controlled" -•’ unplanned “UIUUII urban sprawl.” The question Of riP\A7 «. '------ ■•••'-« feasible towns to"! CenterS and centers on whether it is desirable c--------Preplan6 t0 channel at least some of this growth into best n6d communities communities which which would would incorporate incorporate our Governor Oglivie’s signature on a propose ..|l|||in° bef°’fs the Illinois Legislature makes it possible for a ^te(j the 'ba|anJ1'~I,Pts °f amenities and aesthetics, and would be assessor or deputy assessor who has comp e(1tei courses of study and training and has been F’ rtjfjcote a Certified Illinois Assessing Officers .|tute ” (CIAO) by the Illinois Property Assessment n (.On 0 the l93n^e: exce Ptions of of the the three three Greenbelt Greenbelt Towns Towns of exceptions "frlitary S and a few Federal towns built around remote c°untry h''nSta nStalla ti°ns, development in t is ry h ''a*■' ons’ new town ---------. receive from state funds $250 per annum. and best aS as Jbeen deen left entirely to private resources, resources. ven lhe E'■a. and most successful examples of this decade in ' Columbia, Md., and Reston, Va., have ha additional compen e economically, ethnically, and socially. serious difficulties. Each has required more than $50,000,000 and while each 1 | an investment of the hump” financially, neither one has probably is "over ’ yet, five to seven years, shown any substantial return to after its backers. Skyrocketing interest rates and construction costs, combined with increasing difficulty of land assembly (Columbia is 15,600 acres; Reston, 6,750 acres) can be expected to developers. discourage Pennsylvania has other seen no true "new balanced town" new town ten^edTT Communities before that ended to be one-industry towns, good (Hershey) and bad (coal towns). Levittown is a planned new community, but. is not considered a "new town” because it is frankly a large residential suburb without its own economic base. Because new towns seem to offer a good alternative to what otherwise will be chaotic urban expansion, many influential planners, architects, social scientists, and government leaders recently have urged various kinds of governmental assistance to promote new town develop­ ment. This trend is reflected in Title IV of the Housing and Urban Development Act of 1968, which would permit Federal loans of up to $50,000,000 for new community development. In Pennsylvania, the question of State involvement was precipitated last year with the start of construction of a new assembly plant by Chrysler Corporation near the unincorporated community of New Stanton, 32 miles east of Pittsburgh on the Turnpike. State assistance to new town development has been suggested in the forms of (I) use of eminent domain powers to make possible the assembly of land; (2) financial relief in such forms as grants; low-interest long-term loans; and tax relief; (3) financing of such public facilities as streets, utilities, schools, recreation, public safety equipment, and transportation on the basts „r anticipated, ,nririnated. rather rather than of than demonstrated, need, and ( ) planning, zoning, building some degree of control over codes and concepts to permit innovative technology and variable land needed for economical construction uses for planned unit development. towns, here and abroad, suggests Experience with new tv that they are economically feasible, but only over a long -----period of time. Planned,, balanced new communities offer the prospect :ct of a more satisfying style of life for many persons, increased increased efficiency, efficiency, and and a a ddiversion from otherwise uncoordinated uncoordinated sprawl. sprawl. U. U. S. S. experience experience also indicates, L — new towns s, however, ‘that towns may may mean super­ for the upper-middle class only, and as such will ----- 1 needs r.—J of suburbs fv.a diversion of funds from the urgent relief from city represent < without offering any real relief the cities problems. UNDERGROUND WIRING ruled that all new of Pennsylvania has i IIVC v.' more homes must The PUC M,.— developments ’ 's of five or residential State’s electric companies underground wiring. The S have tthirty days to adopt the new rule. It requires that inches below the have i lines must be at least thirty the esthetic power , and should immeasurably improve o value of new housing developments. Unsightly wires and ground, utility poles will be passe in Pennsylvania. �SCHOOL ONE MAN, ONE VOTE In a 5-3 decision February 25, the Supreme Court held that the one-man, one-vote principle must be followed in the election of school boards. The court ruling came in a case disputing the election of trustees of the junior colleges in the Kansas City, Missouri, area. Linder a formula prescribed by Missouri Law, Kansas City had about 59 percent of the school-age population, but elected only three of six trustees. A group of taxpayers attacked the arrangement in court. The Missouri .'7 ! Supreme ------ Court had held that the one-man, one-vote rule did not apply to the election of school officials. The U. S. Supreme Court, however, held that when members of an elected body are chosen from separate -”"t be established on a basis districts, each district must as practicable, that equal which will insure, as far f vote for a proportionally equal numbers of voters can numbers of officials. POLICE BLOTTER Generally speaking, a police blotter may be charac­ terized as a book or an index which contains a permanent, chronological record of every official act that comes before the police officer in charge of the desk. Such an index is a skeleton report of a police station’s activities for a given period of time. Only the most basic facts are recorded in the blotter. It is not meant to be a detailed report of the particular incident in question. From this report it becomes possible at a later time to cross-index with other police records to obtain a complete report of the incident. The entry in a blotter is generally the first police notation that is made of an incident. Depending on its final disposition, other report forms may be required, such as general complaint forms, investigation forms, missing/wanted persons, and monthly incident and arrest reports. Therefore, the blotter serves as a reference index for members of the force and becomes an integral part of the police files. Does your police have a police blotter? J' BUS Tv Teachers in Cayuga County, N.Y., are to start kids learning oq the way to students spend an hour on the school NEWS-LETTER coming and going, Dr. Ernest J. Rookey, Finger Lakes Region Educational Developu,rectot decided to equip the bus with Ampex vid, ’'Parent r, leotaPe and TV set and transmit educational p —Programs. | '% % to showing lessons en route to school' th ” he bM, system is used in connection with field t' WILKES COLLEGE WILKES-BARRE, PENNA. from visits to science museums, students TV what they’ve just seen, thereby , growth conference learning process. “The idea,” Dr. Rookey says, ”is blic is again invited to attend and participate COMMUNITY GROWTH CONtenth annual Wilkes College on Wednesday, pERENCE to be held at Member 30,1970. The general purpose of the Conference is to provide t0 taka so,.' . J? educational and constructive advantage of tra«l time. ‘ al officials and the general public with the information necessary to deal with emerging issues that arise in the redevelopment of Northeastern Pennsylvania. The Con­ THOUGHTS FOR TODAY A man may be a ham, but his sugar will soon cure hi- ; People over forty can seldom be permanently vinced of anything. At eighteen our cconvictions are hills’ ferences of the past have been successful in bringing together local government and civic organizations leader­ ship with nationally known authorities in their fields. from which we look; at 45 they are- caves in which i/ I.. hide. The theme of this year’s Conference is “Goals for Human Needs.” The two panels set up for the Con­ ference will discuss “Comprehensive Health Planning at I the regional, county, and local levels” and “New Concepts in Housing at the regional, county, and local levels." GRA REPORTER — Govermental Research Association. Inc. - A quarterly publication of the Govermentf Research Association reporting on agency projects. Among the speakers who have accepted invitations to speak at the Conference are: Henry Walkowiak, Director, Comprehensive Health Planning, Pennsylvania Department of Health; Robert MacGregor, Executive Director, Health and Hospital Planning Council of Northeastern Pennsyl­ vania; Harold Sherman, Executive Director, Welfare Planning Commission; James E. Reynolds, Peat, Marwick, IN THE LIBRARY GREEN MOUNTAIN GOVERNMENT - Vermont Leagu; of Cities and Towns and the University of Vermont-] A publication of the Vermont League of Cities an: Towns presenting material on local governing poli cy. Mitchell and Company; Francis E. Moravitz, Director, pOusing and Community Development; Jack Croes, tesident, Capital Industries, Inc.; Raymond Condo, ^xecutive Director, Ecumenical Enterprises, Inc.; H. GRI BULLETIN — Governmental Research Institute-r monthly newsletter concerning recent development-^ in the federal, state, and local governments. Non-Profit Organization U. S. POSTAGE Return Postage Guaranteed Wilkes-Barre, P3' Permit No. 3$ Director, Breakthrough Operation, Partment of Community Affairs. lines61"31136 ca''ber °f the speakers and the timeleade^ tde'r top'cs’ ’t 's important that all community the r~S f1 ^ortbleastern Pennsylvania take advantage of ENDApnfn^nce’ MARK THIS DATE ON YOUR CAL- IRA NEWSLETTER Institute of Regional Affairs Wilkes College Wilkes-Barre, Pa, 18703 Council, °r on K’ DON’T MISS SEPTEMBER 30, 1970! PAID SEPTEMBER 15, 1970 concepts of treatment. MeNTAL RETARDATION SEMINAR are cop C°ncepts ln the treatment of the mentally retarded There is a need to help the retardate to learn to function semi-autonomously by way of gradual contacts with the larger social system. Hopefully, the retarded individual learns to live within the social system of the family. Emphasis on treatment of either the family or the child to the exclusion of the other has already proved costly (approximately three billion dollars annually), and, more importantly, futile. It is because parents of retardates are a reservoir of talent for these handicapped that the Institute of Regional Affairs has undertaken to offer a program for the family members of the retardate. A series of seminars funded under Title I of the Higher Education Act of 1965 will be directed to parents who are most directly concerned with the retardate and who feel the need need for for basic basic training. training. The program will The program consist of a series of ten evening t.c sessions. Every will be provided with easy-to-read materials participant \... so that he will have the feeling that he is and pamphlets education program. Films will be used attending an assist the parents of the retardates. The extensively to will be published in a formal remarks of the speakers ; in me cm,,, ----of 1971. Certificates of Proceedings..... in the early summer to those participants who had Attainment will be awarded number of sessions. Participants attended the required r.—all sessions to assure a comattend will be invited view to of att the— retardate and his problem. prehensive \ Seminar for Parents of Retardates is scheduled •o.. -n September 23, 1979 at 8:15 P.M., Stark Hall The S— i ic, Wilkes to begin on College, when the speaker will be Dr. Kurt Hirschhorn, Professor of Pediatrics, Mount Sinai School I 16, of Medicine, New York, His subject for the first session of the Seminar will be “Causes of Mental Handicap." Dr. Hirschhorn will speak following the welcome remarks 7 Di. Francis J. Michelini, President, Wilkes College; ind Clifford Bigelow, President, Luzerne County Associaby Dr. for Retarded ChiIdren. The moderator who will introar—: the speaker on September 23 will be Dr. Benjamin tion ‘ Superintendent, White Haven State School and duce Clark, Hospital. ContinuntanC'y being formulated. Today the focus is on a handic care Provided in the community so that the the goa^V individual may remain at home. To realize ‘tying t0 °f keePing the retardate in the community and hurden ' 1 .tra,n him to be a contributing citizen, a greater ,l'ed'n:a| S Maced on volunteer social agencies, an i,nPortanHPerSonnel and especially nurses, and more tben, is °n ttle parents °f the retardate. The problem, doctors, tOgether training parents, nurses, and even with the ’etardate al1 those who wil1 be working accepting neW s° that they are capable of accz; clearing SNOW Law has been clear snow, but Section 522 . in cities, and amended to lfc r ‘ » tr0 f highway5 to enter into not carry it away, snow from highways authorizing the the Departme^ L. snow. agreements With C,t cit es for clearing •imbursing cities and from rei I �should have the opportunity to ?shift in population from the a assess the objectives of , config,1 communities. In the final its regional council and develop suburban <--■■■■ a system which meets these goals. Unfortunately this ?option is becomii -----one-vote system *- of the one-man Wall»p: iS <ch dties ing more Section 702. Public employers shall not be and more restricted. , t-the central city’s role in 'X 11 weakening prop1 bargain over matters of inherent rnanagerja.rec'uire1j i are _rre •engthening nothenmg it. nntRh8'Onal C°UnCllS mUSt stren&then local government, to If not sue- « shall include but shall not be limited 1 Ni^ Poli( which ,nal f°runl! by protecting the status quo, j>ut by helping the 1 of discretion or policy as the functions t0° ’ •_-s raised by the early OEO , basic questions areas < status quo respond to new government public needs at and the \ American federal system. If of the public employer, standards of servj( . Pr. of the grams i the local level. Regional councils must be bold in -esently structured, is unable to Soi”6 1 budget, utilization of technology, the or« ‘ overall f recognizing local government deficiencies and take eX SStill ' h the minority and the majority, and selection and direction of Per$ nUi •*a. )7 ernment ’ tional structure ieeds of both steps to correct them. make adjustments in our basic Public employers, however, shall be required to me«ine|t to the ntmust r..~ In the end, the question of citizen voting and repre­ discuss on policy matters affecting wages, hours • and :rhaPs we sentation is a manifestation of the increasing domestic terms and conditions of employment as well as tl._ rk ■, icess, • -t an academic question for needs we have been struggling with for the last few than just theron upon request by public employee representative. y federal agencies, that are ; more ■«S. Many f years. Regional councils must form a bridge between This is Section 703. The parties to the collective bargain-' s through regional councils, are councilsexisting local governments and new regional delivery regi»"a' t their funds f’Correct process shall not effect or implement a provision inJ this representation deficiency systems to better meet the basic needs of all people. channel' ng incilsto cor.-iriencies in their areas. A case collective bargaining agreement if the implementation I COUI Richard C. Hartman, Director (equi'ing resource Trtment of Housing and Urban Developthat provision would be in violation of, or inconsistent as we11 as ’ Regional Review, July 1970 . is the Depa. with, or in conflict with any statute or statutes enacteJ H sewer requirement encouraging National Service to Regional Councils in point "Tcitizt-minority group interests, which by the General Assemply of the Commonwealth of recent tnent’s .. . ,h'“,£h ,he Pennsylvania or the provisions of municipal home rU|e mlvement the inw TO BE HUMAN believe iic*'' ar elective process. charters. they t”hiC" m’k' Section 704. Public employers shall not be required present '" I- “'.‘Ze Forbes, the distinguished editor, who was B. C. g pressing to bargain with units of first level supervisors or their ' ’i most of the business leaders These intimately acquainted■ with difficult task for representatives but shall be required to meet and discuss said that the single regret most retired council r of his time, s-.- — It now becomes _ and ascertain their executives have is that they somehow got so wrapped up with first level supervisors or their representatives, on question, to review these pressures in their personal careers that they lost sight of the fact matters deemed to be bargainable for other public ■____ | region. In making this councils if any, for their own r_, councils should consider several that the men working for them were human beings, I implications, employees covered by this act. regional <— — Section 706. Nothing contained in this act shall impair | evaluation, machines ... basic questions. At the time of his retirement the head^ or mission of the Council? Is the employer’s right to hire employees or to discharge America’s greatest corporations wa^^.k^d^ again, o What is the purpose protective device for existing employees for just cause consistent with existing i llssimply „„p.y a coordinating or t a device to meet federal 1 it legislation. would do differently if e c°u b d b thinking units of local government? Is i^t "I wish," he answered, \hat' Xs Suppose or a means for logical planning grant-in-aid requirements cr - • about the answer to that ques I 7 question. REPRESENTATION: A BASIC QUESTION and action? of regional1 „ Based on a definition of purpose, how’ *the The representation and voting structures t Maybe now would be a g ; of growing I counc j| assure adequate geographic representa i council governing bodies has become an issue .. „ your answer. Ljnle Gazette -r °f tbe region? Should the system e a -n importance in the regional business. A number of recent, parts ind it it is is ta chief elected elected executive executive from from each each unit unit or of 8 gov ,. cy June, 1969. developments have highlighted the issue, and chief 0V®''' i: the area? Or should a unit receive seats on question most every council will be reviewing this year. ' ' ■ i of the region s popul There are several reasons why the representation- body in proportion to its share i i i‘ ocv'.i ui i caovno vviij viiv, ■ — r • Or i r*is it I— imperative that an nr arbitrary, negotiated y CENSUS •—L thg fir ——. ~ voting issue is of such vital concern. To begin with, t e -d to assure adequate representation. growing emphasis on regional coordination ooff local l°ca I be utilized If anyone doubts that or farmers, last » Can local officials really represent the government activities has transformed regional counci . j have represent^ into influential agencies with a great impact on the iv °f all citizens? Should you or can you week’s Preliminary tion of both majority and minority interests. I ,d of citizens in their jurisdiction. In light of this whethe' regional council believes that elected off!c'a * ;t-,nnal make importance, regional councils must reevaluate everywhere ;entatio» I °rm the major component of the council, wit a or not they have the proper voting and represi representation from other interests in the region, systems to handle increasing responsibilities. ' t to ’ esic question becomes one of how these reprasenmeans The voting and representation issue was brought be selected. Councils may devise other means, head in Cleveland last March, when the mayor filed T-’ su't ,i Surprising the Census , Jer-thLnXSed number “^'llf^the I nee^ ^an 8°verning body representation, to m against the Northeast Ohio Areawide Coordina m iber of coi U.S. 3,000 .ger.than-exPected numbof the almost Agency (NO AC A) to require reapportionment T now 8 It (t no w appears that a'iiweearl.ierbad estimated bashJ™1!’real <es. WP< »' "’'T."".'"" "We council s governing body on a one-man, one-vote^ tion. are S(somewhat will chow show a decline. decl lose and we ; metropolitan counties . wi |d lose that The plaintiffs in the Cleveland suit assert t.. — the about a third woU would of m developed is performance in meeting that only about h of migration Director| . . , votins a PeoP'e in the area If regional council members^ 0I migration of is allotted approximately six per cent of the sed by the degree approximately 75 power on NOACA’s board, but has ap; achie^Sentation'vot'n8 system which wl j5 reach r—«'■ sections of the new law that carry the greatest OF REGIONAL AFFAIRS INSTITUTE Dr. Hugo V. Mai ley, Director newsletter VOL.xyl| SEPTEMBER 15. 1970 NO. 9 This News-letter, P®^^ t™|nstHute of community service, °r|S' inquiries ||ege Notes and may be ^resse Ec2Sii« ’pennsy,vania18703 Subtaiption free upon request. the educational park The Educational Park: A Guide to its Implementation, a pamphlet published by the Center for Urban Education is based on an illustrated book prepared under the direction of Dr. Max Wolff by experts in the fields of internal space environment, architectural design, educa­ tional economics, school administration, city planning, and transportation. Mini schools have small enrollments and are dotted around the community. In many situations, they may be the best answer. The Center for Urban Education has worked to develop an alternate method, however, to fit other situations. This method is the Educational Park that incorporates mini schools into a larger framework where different sizes can share their advantages. Since the Educational Park concept was first proposed about five years age interest in it has grown. The pamphlet just published by the Center for Urban Educa­ tion states that “today more than 100 communities are actively studying, planning, even building Educational Parks." What is an educational park? It clusters educational facilities, that can be broken up into small units, in a campus-like setting and utilizes centrally organized common facilities. It brings together the school population of many small neighborhoods, serving the children and all the citizens of a larger urban community. Its proponents marshall arguments showing its advantages for education in general, for the individual student, for the teacher, for the administrator, and for the community. Educational parks can become the cultural center of the community serving as the central place for meetings, recreation, adult education and training, museums, art centers, and health facilities. Desegregation also is a result of the reorganization of the school systems into educational parks, and some educators believe that integration can be facilitated by this kind of school reorganization PENNSYLVANIA BARGAINING COLLECTIVE LEGISLATION From time to time, the Newsletter will carry the lollV't 7 *'sn,f,cant Prions of the newly enacted and oUb|-r S,a'ning 'egislation for Public employees and public employers. Reproduced below are four of the i they m -the 7 cent of the area’s total population. As a result, they the citizens of Cleveland are not being repre$e equally with the citizens of other local government the area. The 1970 Census, and consequent reapportion^ based on the new data, will reinforce discussions ot , r-ys" a de . nf> these objectives ... a council w i ^S|on and implement it. Mil rpW°u'ci hope the representation and voting issue Congress, federa,a,n a question with flexible answers. should not attempt a8encies and other national groups . iry evB,?° davelop a rigid pattern wl----- T““5.1.„ areaS’ of the Census, who dir ( d developers an Bureau of residential land typica| interesting in Most inter® 5 1 8 (to b)e drop 1" 3.17 P®r5on! iS thehon|Od ^om -from 3.3 3.33 pet' SerSn' household the change �three significant factors; I) A declining birth rate (1968 had the lowest in American history!) 2) Large increase in single-person households and 3) Strong rise in the number of young people who move out of their parent s home at an earlier age. Comments Taeuber, "Widowed grandmothers don’t move in with the kids as much any­ more, they get an apartment.” CLEAR THE AIR Shippensburg State College has a new twist to the ombudsman concept. He’s called an "environmental ombudsman.” The duties of the environmental ombuds­ man will be assumed by the college’s newly appointed director of safety and security. The ombudsman will be a receiver of suggestions and complaints concerning real or potential pollution problems on campus.” Clean air will make for clear minds!!! Or is it the other way around? COLLECTING PARKING FINES Fort Lauderdale, Florida, has more than doubled city revenues from parking fines since the city installed a computer system in October, 1969. Before the computer, the average monthly collection on fines was between S1,400 and $1,500. But during the first month of computer processing, revenue collected on fines totaled 53,700. In this new system, a meter maid issues a citation with one copy for the car owner, another for the court, and a third for the data processing office in city hall. The citation is a pre-numbered IBM card with appropriate spaces for pertinent information. The violator is requested to send his card to the data processing office with the fine. There the card is cancelled as paid, and informa­ tion on the violator transfered from an active tape to a memory unit for possible future reference. If the fine is not paid within 72 hours, the computer rejects its copy of the citation and types a warning letter to the person to whom the car is r--; re£istered same time, increases the fine. Should the r n"N the fi’naend nt I be paid after additional five days, the Cotn 'ne s«lli mPut0| Pr'nts warrant for the arrest of the car ownerc°and at his house to pick him up. He is then fjn Police J booked, and must post bond before his release news-letter The town fathers claim parking violation f not be considered a revenue source. Tax-pa?®5 s|,t* not support the prosecution of parking viola?5 Sh°uk violators should pay for it themselves, and th'0"5' Tf|t should be self-sustaining. e Pro8raj WILKES COLLEGE IN THE LIBRARY PENNSYLVANIA COLLECTIVE BARGAINING LEGISLATION HUMAN RESOURCES - Journal of Human Resources.., —... — u. emphasis^e quarterly publication which gives primary the role of education and training in 1 enhanciik productive skills, employment opportunities, anJ trends in incomes. INTERNATIONAL NEWSLETTER Chiefs — This information and prevention, fire e the Pennsylvania Collective Bargaining Act ssumed tremendous significance at this time of the h’S asince it is budget time for many municipalities, the r.'irute of Regional Affairs presents another very ASSOCIATION OF FIRE CHIEFS - International Association of Fire newsletter is a source s-------- of valuable educational material ’ .1-1 rrelating to fire protection, and fire fighting. important article of the Act — Article VIII. tion a dispute or impasse exists between the representa­ tives of the public employer and the public employees, the parties may voluntarily submit to mediation, but if no agreement is reached between the parties within twenty-one days after negotiations have commenced, but in no event later than one hundred fifty days prior to the IUPA LOCAL GOVERNMENT NEWSLETTER - Institute for Urban Policy and Administration, Graduate School of Public and International Affairs, University of Pittsburgh — Published at the University i H.UUUIJH -ruuiisueu aiuie urn versi ty of or Pittsburgh, r i ttSDurgh, ; this bulletin gives recent trends in local government. | "budget submission date,” and mediation has not been utilized by the parties, both parties shall immediately, in writing, call in the service of the Pennsylvania Bureau THOUGHTS FOR TODAY Whiskey kills more bullets don’t drink. people than of Mediation. Section 802. Once mediation has commenced, it shall continue for so long as the parties have not reached an agreement. If, however, an agreement has not been reached within twenty days after mediation has commenced bullets because ' If marriage is an institution, and marriage is love, , and love is blind; therefore, marriage is an institution for the blind. °r in no event later than one hundred thirty days prior to ' e budget submission date," the Bureau of Mediation 5 a' notify the board of this fact. Upon receiving such find'' board may ln Its discretion appoint a fact- threp1^ pane' which panel may consist of either one or stall Te?\bers’ a Panel is so designated or selected it an(j sl° hearings and take oral or written testimony Parties'h "3Ve subpoena power. If during this time the make finHaVe nOt reached an agreement, the panel shall IRA NEWSLETTER Return Postage Guaranteed OCTOBER 15, 1970 ^ct-fincHng pan^’the Sha" pay one'half the cost f sha" be divided equally blmainin£ of the cos shall establish rules and regulations' The board shall operate, including, but not iJ? a Which panels for panel members. m ted t0- compensation Vie Public c™pioyees'eandP[rheebUbr',eS 8,ther or both Section 801. If after a reasonable period of negotia­ I I Institute of Regional Affairs Wilkes College Wilkes-Barre, Pa. 18703 WILKES-BARRE, PENNA. Non-Profit Organization U. S. POSTAGE i ) PAID- | lngs of fact and recommendations: Sent by re !' nd'nSs of °f fact fact and and recommendations recommendations shall be findings 1,01 "’ore th'516?6^1 mail mai' to t0 the tbe hoard and to t0 L-" both Parties board and bas lotifieH0 J°rty days after the Bureau of Mediation ParaEraph. ;--^in? the preceding notified the the board as provided in tl- Wilkes-Barre, P3' Permit No. 355 0) ^mendati?^ than ten days after the findings and recorrn I ' I ’ sent, the parties shall a°tlfy the h ns, shal1 have been .... r wneuie. of not they ifCcePt the rp°ard ar|d each other whether or fact-finding panel ana do not°Tndations of the <....... " panel publicizes its findings of fact and° rec r- ommena • (3) N naatlons- ?6r the Notpu'be.SS tban five days nor more than ten days talons .!'cation °f the findings of fact and recomtion °tber wheX part'es shall again inform the board and s °f the , or not they will accept the recommendaIact-fmding panel. orders as provided for in Article XIII. Section 804. Nothing in this article shall prevent the P rties from submitting impasses to voluntary binding arb'trat'on w'th the proviso the decisions of the arbitrator, which would require legislative enactment to be effective shall be considered advisory only. Section 805. Notwithstanding any other provisions of this act where representatives of units of guards at prisons or mental hospitals or units of employees directly involved with and necessary to the functioning of the courts of this Commonwealth have reached an impasse in collective bargaining and mediation as required in section 801 of this article has not resolved the dispute, the impasse shall be submitted to a panel of arbitrators whose decision shall be final and binding upon both parties with the proviso that the decisions of the arbitra­ tors which would require legislative enactment to be effective shall be considered advisory only. Section 806. Panels of arbitrators for bargaining units referred to in section805of this article shall be selected in the (1) following Each party manner: shall select one member of the panel, the two so selected shall shoose the third member. (2) If the members so selected are unable to agree upon the third member within ten days from the date of their selection, the board shall submit the names of seven persons, each party shall alternately strike= one name until one shall remain. The public employer sha II strike the first name. The person so remaining shall be the The costs of the arbitrators selected thirdc memberR07 and chairman. ; 3 arbitrators of the 806 shall ■ _'-s of section I regulations Commonwealth under under rules rules and £•■■by the board. �INSTITUTE OF REGIONAL AFFAIRS By a five-to-three vote, thp the U.S. "c Su ~ prern voi ded property qu ali fi cati ons for muni ci pa| b0 * C°u't h> The decision was made in the case of Kolod elect> Dr. Hugo V. Mailey, Director NEWSLETTER VOL. XVII OCTOBER 15, 1970 NO. 8 This News-letter, published monthly as a community service, originates in the Institute of Regional Affairs of Wilkes College. Notes and inquiries may be addressed to Dr. Hugo V. Mailey, Director, Institute of Regional Affairs, Wilkes College, Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania 18703 Subscription free upon request. LESISLATION ON REGIONALISM The Maine Legislature has passed two monumental environmental bills, one of which can be interpreted as a statewide zoning action. This site selection legislation gives the Environmental Improvement Commission veto power over commercial and industrial development any­ where in the state. The State of of Vermont Vermont has passed comprehensive ,ne state environmental control legislation, which provides for the establishment of environmental control boards in each of the state’s environmental regions. These control boards will review all intended improvements to be made on property that is ten acres or larger to ensure that the improvements comply with state environmental legislation. In counties and municipalities that do not have sub­ division regulations and zoning laws, the boards must review all property improvements that involve one acre or more. The governor of Maryland has approved legislation which provides for the creation of a State Environmental Service and service regions for water purification and solid waste disposal projects. Upon adoption by the Environmental Service of a five-year plan for each region, service districts will be established and proceed with the acquisition, extension, and construction of facilities set forth in the plan, and will assume jurisdic­ tion over and provide maintenance for their operation. All state agencies in Nebraska have complied with the governor’s directive to bring their administrative or planning districts into conformity with the 26 standard sub-state districts previously delineated within the state. The state was divided into approximate socio­ economic areas (adjusted to county lines) as they are projected to exist twenty;years from now. A significant feature of the Nebraska program is its “building blocks” orientation. This concept permits the combination of contiguous regions for different planning purposes. The governor's office continues to promote the formation of regional planning bodies within these districts, and hopes such “umbrella” agencies will cover all portions districts, of the state by July I, 1971. The C--------- • r— Division of the Nebraska Departmi rcover all pviuons ientofFrni'nUnity Affairs ment, in cooperation with the :°nomic Deveh Programming, recently drafted ,'f plannin lannin,S and a model in, agreement and related bylaws 1 1for this L intergovi "n!?.0Vernme”tal Purpose. INVALID PROPERTY E‘-E,CTlLo'BFsIC«l|0hl IN BOND I the City of Phoenix, Arizona, involving the some $60 million in various purpose generaM?^ bonds in an election that excluded non-propert0%titJustices Stewart, Harlan, and Burger disse Justice Blackmun abstained. The majority I written by Justice White. 'ni°n vqs | The Court noted that the .... argument justif • argument j property qualification for bond elections proceed"1 ?’ "First, it is sa^h^X;^ elections two fronts: ‘‘First, it is said that the Arizona stat ' the Arizoi require thatt property taxes be levied iX in ” an arn sufficient to service the general obligation the general obligation bonds*' law thus expressly placing a special burden on prop'S a special burden on cowners for the benefit of the entire Seco"? encire community. community.^ and more generally, whereas revenue bonds are secure revenue bonds are <•by the revenues from the operations of particular facilities and these revenues may be earned from both propert, Pfr2iC?Xfad|X': owners, general obligation bonds are secured Properly by th general taxing power of the issuing municipalities." However, the Court found that ‘‘the differences betweethe interests of property owners and the interests of nos- property owners are not sufficiently substantial to justify1 excluding the latter from the franchise .” The Court observed that although property taxes majj be paid initially by property owners, a significant party J the ultimate burden of .. each ___ year’s tax on rather rental than property ‘‘will ill v-, very likely 'be borne by the tenant th; landlord . . . Moreover, [ “ property taxes on commercia property, much of which is owned by corporations having I no vote, will be treated as as a cost of doing business at:; will normally be reflected ted in the prices of goods aid and services purchased L, by non-property owners and property > owners alike. We thus c: ______ us conclude that, although V»» ownerso . 11 real property have interests somewhatUlLIIVUgH different from tha I interests of non-property owners in the issuance o t general obligation bonds, there is no basis for con eluding that non-property owners are substantially lesS interested in the issuance of these secruities than a'1, I property owners.” In addition to Arizona, thirteen states restricted voti’i on bonds to property owners: Alaska, Colorado, Flo” J Idaho, Louisiana, Michigan, Montana, New Mexico, M York, Oklahoma, Rhode Island, Texas, and Utah. P611 sylvania , .....a v/s; was not one of the states restricting voting , bond issues. ----- | THE GOLF BUDGET! Americans will invest nearly $2.8 billion in g°|f?ji year, according " ---. ,z 4>z..o umion in s“" . .[ ■ _ by the National G^i ha„ Foundation, a 'g to an festimate non-profit organization. That is mor , 10 times as '0 a; much as last year j, transportati0i /ear’’s s federal federal budget budget for for m and is r nearly equal to the annualimiH na. ‘ofl! of israel; _...... ..... here are approximately I I fers in the —U. S There — <of eve”'1 A««, s^nt spending about 49<tt out on athletic equipment. What |0ca| governments couldn't do with the g°|f ■ budget!!i ANSWERS QUESTIONS "l . AUTHORITIES S°essions° wUhtuU^ an authority me. then only with v|vania Municipal Authorities Association fhe Pen pblished a ready-reference manual which s recently ndable answers to many of the recurring Ovides defP®ed by local water, sewage, and other <lueSll^a1 authorities. ■ublication, i"1"" P ublication, consisting of reprints of articles The ne//Williami (Bill) Markus, Esq., legal counsel author^ byAA since 3 its inception, uses the ring-tvoe ring-type tfaf finder ' r to facilitate addition of future reprints Authority articles appearing in the PENNor original, van i an. SYL' ' Although .I...;--/ interest to members of local of K primary and their solicitors, the manual makes Authority boards „ .... first time a ready reference also useful available for^the -rs of municipal governing bodies involved in the to members < relationship between themselves and authority complex This is not a catalogue of terse questions with boards. and no answers, but a series of interesting and yes articles based upon court decisions, which leave^fttle doubt on what authorities or their appointing little doubt on municipal governing bodies, as well as private citizens, P°Wer t0 rem0Ve" « TraPP°'nt 'S prov ded in the Constitution of Pennsylvania. The PMAA legal counsel’s article, citing three major court decisions erases all doubts that the court alone can exercise this power. Out of these complex decisions, he draws the logical conclusion that if the legislature creates an agency, it may provide whatever procedure for appoint­ ment and removal it chooses. Having designated a single method in the Authorities Act, no other is permissible. This example is not an indication that the collection of reprints propogandizes the side of the authorities against their governing bodies. Far from it, for the article on the Authorities Code of Ethics clearly fixes authority responsibility to the municipality and its citizens. There is sufficient merit alone in the selection of topics covered in the manual to recommend it. Its over­ riding merit, however, is that they are written to be understood by laymen serving their communities as members of governing bodies or authorities, and that when Bill Markus says it, so it is. WHN may or may not do. Every article in the initial publication deals with a fundamental question, most of which have been or are the source of misunderstanding or friction involving local officials and private citizens. Must an authority provide water or sewage extensions on request? Is an authority, or a municipality operating a sewage system liable for damages caused by sewage back-up? May water be shut off for non-payment of sewage bills? May a governing body remove an authority member? May authority opera­ tions be taxed? How does a lease-back effect responsi­ bilities and liabilities in water and sewage, or other local authority-type projects? Under what conditions may patented ’ articles be purchased without advertised bidding, and may an unsigned bid be accepted? Are authorities subject to zoning ordinances, and can an authority condemn property beyond the boundaries of the ,ncorPorating municipality? Can sewer lines be installed f"ou"d°Pede^ streets? Who decides if water is to be uthority boards and governing bodies, of course, should ■ always rely on their solicitors for legal counsel on sse and other questions. The manual does not intend to , Sp ace solicitors. But Attorney Markus’s legal Mutation' In °n matters of authority and municipal law, and esPecia||y' ’ his down-to-earth writing style, makes the ,p,ub|icatio? a primer for officials enabling them to aim eir questions' to the heart of the problem. „ ?at ^e should prove beneficial to _____ ;-t vividly body members is most the “by reference to several articles dealing with * to several articles < bod|es °?chy” relationship between them. Governing publication ■Jjty and _governing . ...... 6 fact that ,h“ently forget’ or find it hard to accept, t e 6llds with 7 control over authority members begins an "Mani," the P°wer to appoint. The ultimate control ,a"ism is Sovernin ,'S tbe power to remove, and quite frequent y asathrJL, ies use, or consider the use, of this power athr. t0 restrain the freedom of action of an authority. Markus Points P0|nts oUt that despite legislative location of the CENTRALIZED PURCHASING Wyoming Valley Hospital Council, comprising five local hospitals, is studying a joint proposal of two regional health planning councils to set up an agency for centralized institutional purchasing of hospital supplies and equipment. Robert C. MacGregor, executive director of Health and Hospital Planning Council of Northeastern Penn­ sylvania, and Richard H. Landis, executive director of New York-Penn Health Planning Council, have said the proposal of the two Councils was initiated through a series of discussion meetings co-sponsored by the two planning organizations. The Northeastern Council, which represents Luzerne, Lackawanna, Pike, Sullivan, Wayne and Wyoming Counties, was chartered as private and non-profit, organized in April to work with residents and institutions of the region to identify and meet local health needs. The New York-Penn Health Planning Council represents Bradford .and Susquehanna Counties in addition to the Southern New York State. stated consultations The health planning directors with hospital administrators in both council regions growing interest in indicate area institutions have a ( said area hospital in group purchasing. Mr. MacGregor alternative approaches administrators had considered three ' „ihi.itv t0 group purchasing and now are studying the Poss.bdrty "He said the proposed of a central services corporation, corporation plan could result i.n '■ area hospitals. Mr. MacGregor step taken by the proposed cc , purchasing of supplies an. -. the region's hospitals. �QUALITIES OF A SUCCESSFUL MANAGER KEYS to 1. He must make people want to do things. 2. He rust know what makes each subordinate tick. 3. He must be a good listener. I A He must criticize or reprove constructively in private. 5. He -ust be able to praise subordinates publicly. 6. He rust be considerate —give credit where it is due. 7. He rust be able to delegate responsibility for details to subordinates. 8. He should let his wishes be known through sugges­ tions or requests rather than through commands. 9' D^ra™ d keeP subordinates Informed of plans and SUCOESS Most people use only c~- for work and original thought to'ai and you will be amazed at the'.■ harness Xour results If you persevere, and push fu" Pol'"' ’ ar>d hai you will wear down the opposition '"g on Decide what your real dream. Th./.r.cl.s„,h, Tou seldom accomplish very u ls for ' by Xourseif 12. r ■ H^hoyid be big en h t0 seek h it and to adm.t it when he makes mistakes or is in error. 11 Xxi: ss," •""•*. carry out their '5. He must give subordinates a f „feelin,g.of Importance m their work, give them goals, and let them "here they stand. -•'-■■I know PLASTjC /he Mount Joy pa anUAL Achieving success demand. ’ distractions. mands total , effort. Conduct your affairs as j f you last day alive. expect tOdayt°bey0l, ROOF Management Di gest June 7, 1967 IN THE LIBRARY IPS ILOCAL —■ GOVERNMEf”Public -' a Juki:- SeTvke o • ■■ec-rroL.t I ERR i newsletter Publication of the? t._ nStituIe“i Gonnectic"*" °f the University?" —icut, dealing' with .......... 1 current develoi I oca I g~ ■ • - c.'opments in government. JOURNAL 0F THE /■AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF PLANNERS - American Institute of PiannerL0! monthly review of current employment developments and prospects. . ■ M n i,s -U.U SECRETARIES The Municipal Secretary’s Manual, prepared for the mation Services Division, Pennsylvania Department , community Affairs, by the Institute of Regional Affairs of Wilkes College should now be in the hands of all secretaries of record. The prime author of the Manual is Walter H. Niehoff, associate director of the IRA staff, who has had extensive experience in the field of local government both as a borough manager and as the Director of Research, for Pennsylvania Economy League. Publication by the Department of Community Affairs under direction of R ichard L. Karshner, Chief, Information Services Division, was financed in part by a HUD grant under Title IX of the Demonstration Cities and Metropolitan Development Act of 1966. In accordance with the Department of Community Affairs’ policy of aiding municipalities, partly by revising and updating, or publishing anew, various materials, the IRA contracted If you c— cross a sheep with a kangaroo, you’ll get I w°°Uy jumpers? M»m,.i r°nS‘ ...p t0 now- the Borough Secretary’s the onl/'official's^i m 1956 and revised in 1962, was I serve rhn 7 State guide available, and it did not •^ships o ethA ClerkS’ and Secretaries in «me, all <=Pr h f|rst and second classes. For the first <,,, se hin.6 ar'eS 'n Pennsy|vania cities, boroughs, I townshii which should .are p™v'ded with a “how to do it” manual °f their their dutip.°ntrJ Ute mater'aNy to a clearer definition ' more effective ” an resPon si bill ties and suggestions for Per ormance. The task was-not a simple w i e the duties and responsibilities of diffSeCretaries may be similar in some respects, they :'pre?atdely because inter'*-ms ~ °f municipal codes, judicial Hieiatioi i Manual ’ i°cal policies, and tradition. The -1 accommod. infoi 'Stationi whi hateS tbe pr°blern by including areas of Sivir „'C. are common to all secretaries, while ln« due arr t tten tion to specific differences. While >‘eriesthe PthmaPy purpose °f the Manual is to aid in Sbt that the mu'r' W°rk’ tbe h'nal product leaves no t°Wnsh niCIPal secretarX from the “smallest °r the . -U 'nodis.Pansibi'le 'P,t0 tble largest third class city, is and ee' tbat g'ves motion, direction, ?^iy thlnuity 1to local government, and that he is ^tarc^/ore r key figure in the local government The c; cow’s reaction to [— ' mind them was that she didn'i taking her milk, People it’s ’the down. - -.a jerks that get her ,RA newsletter | '■ ' I Affairs ^'Ikes-Barre, pa 18703 because. Non-Profit Organization Guaranteed MUNICIPAL e7„re„Pare a ranUal using the question and answer h n°Uld Serve secrataries of all municipal for today Postage NOVEMBER!5, |970 for > i THOUGHTS Return ------------ •------- —WILKES CoTLEGEjlLKESj^RE^j^ VOL. Yoy Be^tf M. He i own NEWS-LETTER l°n8 % then reacl> Serve the public Finn needs. The more people whoT^ that :flat f|H th you, too. P P e Who benefit, , the better jtP^C mUSt get the assistance of others pi ugrams. io. He must be consistent in his policies EUGENE SHEDDEN ca U. S. POSTAGE PAID Wilkes-Barre, Pa« Permit No. 355 1 model to The lnstitute of research Undertak, Regional Affairs has been requested e a $40,000 ■--0 research project for the Model CITIES 'nstJi^^X^^ities because it can supply an eval dertaklng the research without being undu?y ,0^0000^^0" °ftheSe SerVi“S relationships, and also because it has'V h7 carry out such , „ • e 1 has the ability to organization. “ aS a" °Veral1 community Model rT ?Ur'ng the firSt year of Pining on Model Cities, much research was conducted; however many problems revolving about integration, coordination: and duplication of services still exist. The purpose, therefore, of this project is to take what has already been developed during the initial planning year and carry it one step further by specifically identifying just where the problems occur with each agency. A more important part of the research is to recommend a course of action, which hopefully will lead to both better coordination and integration of services. It is anticipated that residents will be employed in this undertaking. Residents will become deeply involved in reviewing the results of the project. They will help provide an in-put into what they feel needs to be accomplished in making available services more responsive to the needs of the residents. Dr. Hugo V. Mai ley, Director of the Institute of Regional Affairs, will coordinate the various Institute resources in the form of faculty personnel who will participate in the project. Dr. Jaroslav G. Moravec, Chairman of the Sociology Department and Dr. Raymond M. Weinstein, Assistant Professor of Sociology, will prepare a service profile of all agencies and institutions providing social services, analyze and classify these services in terms of the problems they seek to solve and write up a complete description and ana ysis <of the present relationships between services Mr Valter H Niehoff, Associate Director of the Institute of Regional Affairs will develop a complete soc.al service Sd keeping system which can provie a current^ of existing conditions - physical soc I Mr. Philip R. Tuhy Associate D,,:eand recommend the of Regional Affair , needed for coordinated social services. • J work on a subMarwick. Mitchell & Affairs to identify contract from the Institute o g iveness of these the degree of adequacy and effect services in meeting commu X services provided to tn type of Neighborhood, �completed the Department of Health AmbU|a Program. ar’ce At^ Time being a critical factor in seri0 frightening to note that only 22% of the statJ Cases 0F REGIONAL AFFAIRS institute V. Hailey. Director Or. Hugo NEWSLETTER iVEMBER 15, 1970 VOL. XVII NO’ Thi! NO. H ■ ■r as a in the Institute of News-letter, f»K C»ll«<. Affairs of Wilkes College Notes, an may be addressed Mailey? iSilkeX'e. Pennsylvania 18703 18703 College,Wilkes-Barre,. - It is hard to understand why 34% ambulances have below minimum equiPment?e a*ai|a|)| treatment enroute, since, with the possible Ferrier8enc' oxygen equipment, the list of the Colley « comprises little more than simple first aiHUX costing very little. matetials As suggested, Luzerne County compares compare; favorably in the number of services, pieces ofn°re **1 of vehii equipment, ambulances with at least minimum and the training of attendents. There are 45eeqidpm 9uipme.. '«t, C5 services in the county serving a D00llarnb , .ulan ,an'e approximately and analyze and evaluate tha ^“'^^Mrs. Margaret services ,n u^^^Reso^rces communieJ 's 'Catlan bejS have direct two-way radio vehicles and a hospital. Coordinator in Model 350,000 residing equipment standards, and 41 Institute of Regional Affairs. FOR WANT OF A NAIL A well-manned, well-equipped ambulance is a handy thing to have available when illness or accident strikes! There is always room for improvement, but the people of Luzerne County have reason to feel comparatively secure in relation to other Pennsylvania counties, at least in the number of ambulance services and pieces of equipment ready to serve them. This conclusion is supported by the results of a Survey of Ambulance Services in the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, published in August of this year by the Emergency Health Services Unit of the Office of Compre­ hensive Health Planning in the Department of Health. Every identifiable ambulance service in the state was contacted by questionnaire and personal visits, in some instances, and with 97% responding, the conclusions are difficult to challenge. Considering that the state has r..w,w “, more than 2,500 municipalities, the total of 1,018 ambulance ------- ..x.2 services currently available, suggests that more than one-half of them are unable or v unwilling to provide direct local service. Such service is : ;s provided by only 63, or 6% of the thousand s: __ ; services in the state. Private service only is provided in 273, ’ °r 27%, including undertakers and profit-making enterprises r—~. Only 9 hospitals provide a mere I % of the sc; rvices, while there are 673, or 66% volunteer ambulance flre company service. services, including separate and in 74 munic^'i".’1 Of these services, six are private, including J sional firms, 2 undertakers, and I other. Only | sP,°fts' is government owned, while 37 are volunteer ind'd'" 16 by fire companies and 21 by volunteer ’ambulan service only. Thirty ambulances meet or exceed mining­ provide 24 hour service Only 163 of the total 973 attendants lack completions one of the three types of training. Only 6 services hau two-way communication direct to hospitals. Here’s rescue vehicles _State- only 66% of the -- Formal mutual aid agreements may provide the basic nail required to upgrade ambulance services in Luzerne County. For want of an ambulance ... a life was lost! WHN ---------- County Luzerne Bucks Delaware Lackawanna Lehigh Montgomery Phi I adel phi a Westmorel and Population Ambulance Services 45 19 32 26 18 9 21 44 349,100 367,400 600,000 234,400 241,000 581,000 2,085,400 375,900 FEDERAL REVENUE SHARING tell the whoh This comparison, of course, does not -t indicate story, for the number of services does not treatment equip* number or quality of vehicular or of attendant trar nor the quality or extensiveness ; in service’-; Undoubtedly, much of the differenceof fragmentat 1. equipment is determined by the degree For ex*' of municipalities within a given count^.‘. philadelP" Luzerne County has 74 local units, w 1 of County has only one . . • the c'tT comPar Consequently, 45 services in Luzerne that the 26 in Philadelphia does not mean t.. ■3 better service than the latter. obvi°u,s • 5- own. a partia' Federal revenue sharing is based on the fundamental concept that the federal government cannot make local ecisions nor hope to manage programs that solve many 0 the urban problems. Also underlying revenue sharing is r*'------• recognition that the income tax comes from the American I people in every city and county and should not be the exclusive province of that government which can evy and collect it most easily. The adoption of avenue sharing will give further substance to the federal < system by strengthening the state and local Partners. Revenue sharing will extend Federal financial ass'stance t, to states and localities in a broad and “n'0nditional *1 manner. Every county, city, and township V/||| L . ------------- • l-Wi; k-WUHU/, X-. VZ ,------------------- ----------------------. sharin f'nc udec -'--J^ directly in the allocation of revenue their u| Unds’ local needs and priorities will determine defied t/mate distribution. Specific allocations are arise from this multiplicity of mun - . county. With 51 ambulances in Luzern The state survey provides In response to numerous public requests for detailed information on the fiscal impact of President Richard Nixon’s revenue sharing proposal, the Office of the Assistant Secretary for Economic Policy in the U. S. Treasury Department prepared a publication last July, showing the full-year effect of revenue sharing for all 50 state governments and major county, city and township governments. '-s Program and 22% Penn- “For want of a nail, the shoe was lost. For want of a shoe the horse was lost. For want of a horse the king was lost. For want of a king the battle was lost. For want of victory the kingdom was lost”. ambulance services: „ *er Advance Red /* occurs. how Luzerne compares with other countie-1 by 45 ambulance services, it |S while the communities have but one vehicle, The questions P^1 of the 74 have none, vjtnin who provides additional service 3 to when its one ambulance is enroute serv'ce without who provides service in areas requirements of Ten counties <have^no°f Surge°ns epu'Pment needs. np rescue vehicles —t standards, to serve their There are 19 44c _ , , sylvania, 81% k' ambulance attendant • service, from whatever community provided, when in need. A one-ambulance community may be a no-ambulance community when the one vehicle is enroute. A network of mutual agreements would place all ambulances at the disposal of a person in need no matter where the need having close to or greater population in the numbered The real significance in the survey, Of the 1,470 ambulances, and 39k that of the 1,018 ambulance services, 772 have sho*s' aid agreements to supplement each other or mutual , communities without ambulances. The nature of provide agreements has not been surveyed statewide. these £, ’ k is known from previous surveys in Luzerne County hnwever, that many of the mutual aid agreements are „| and informal understandings, not written agreements hich clearly spell out the rules or guidelines for mutual w , The Luzerne County Ambulance Association, now a' the process of organization, can make a significant ontribution to the efficiency and certainty of ambulance Cervice to everyone in need by encouraging the adoption Sf formal written agreements assuring that no person °nywhere in the county is without available ambulance and det y f°rmulas, spelled out in the proposed law, Popularerrr|ined by the latest available statistics on °n’ Incomes, and revenues. tbe ^locations shown in the tables reprinted in this - ^Publication are based on 1968 population and 'C: eniph^siz??"" a; 6 and income data, it is important to that they do not represent actual expected of impact.5 ThiT'iTbl Sharing durin8 the first full year Provided nlh \ m CarUSeth\aCtUal allocations as rne Administration bill win k„ k,,. j the latest available published data „r ! °n incomes, and revenues Thus u f Population, tables would be expected a rk e changes frorn these allocation formulas ch^e over ti^:'°r the assumed nldonw’iSe ^stributi'on^f SS billiom'^hi^wili the first full yea?o^ZLm^m^JeXZoTspS °“ ?eadii? c d niVidUal Statg and governments termS’ but these amounts can be anv ass u 'nt° Percentages and then applied to pJerv 1 Id nationwide or statewide distribution. Every local government eligible to receive at least ihe tables6"' a"™"' appropriation is included in State area allocations are primarily determined by he state s share of national population. An adjustment for revenue effort rewards (or penalizes) those states making an above-average (or below-average) effort in taxing the incomes of their citizens. The payment percentage for any particular state can be found by multiplying that state’s population by its revenue effort (defined as the ratio of general revenues from own sources to personal income for the state), and dividing the product by the sum of such products for all 50 states and the District of Columbia. The total amount allotted to the Commonwealth under the proposed revenue-sharing plan is $251,614,532, or 5.032% of the total sum. Within each state, the allocation of revenue sharing funds between state and local governments is based on the relative importance of each unit of government in the collection of total state and local general revenues. Of the amount above $190,793,020 is marked for state use and $60,821,512 will be the local government share. Once the state area allocation is determined in accordance with the above formula, calculations must be made to determine the total allocation to local governments, and the state government allocation. Under the President's proposal, all general purpose local governments (counties, municipalities, and town­ For every ships) are included in revenue sharing, revenue-sharing payment allocated to a state, the general purpose local governments will receive the 's to the ratio fraction of that payment which corresponds ; —3 t» to total state and all local of local general revenues fraction, of course, will vary by general revenues. This , state depending on the existing division of public The breakdown in Pennfinancing responsibilities, sylvania would be as follows: Cities Counties Townships S40.743.074 13,291,018 6,787,420 in a state would receive a Each local government which corresponds to the ratio of its general share w. from own sources to the sum of such general revenues for all eligible local governments. Under the revenues local units are listed: Presidents’ proposal, two S204.645 Wilkes-Barre city 367,880 Luzerne County �not revenue may r amounts of adda of revenue; sharing Although Je long-term benefits Luzerne County. appear large, a salutary effect o HVM can only have local INTERGOVERNMENTAL COORDINATORS Over the past four or five years a new breed of state and local officials has appeared in state and local governments across the United States. They are co­ ordinators of federal and state grant-in-aid. The number of governments which have appointed coordinators chas — -rs do not, howgrown remarkably fast. Most coordinators connected with full time to activities c_ ever, devote Some coordinators work as planners, grants-in-aid. administrative development personnel, community when they are not assistants, or in similar positions „ The policy activities where coordi sibilities are most important are j '? r:atOrS’ r» coordination, selecting programs for which'lePart^Ptl’ment applies, and federal agencies. o Transportation and poverty programs difficult to coordinate at the local level. • Large cities (250,000 population) with federal coordinators received substantially higher per capita grants than smaller cities with coordinators. • 77% of the reporting cities described their relationship with federal agency officials as cordial and friendly, non-competitive. 80% of both the counties and states responding reported their relationship with federal agencies as cordial, friendly. • The greatest portion of coordinator’s time is in coordinating and administering grant programs. areth^S1 o The Chamber of Commerce and consult, active groups on stimulating local :anU art governments to for grant-in-aid. aPpl, o The median salary for coordinators while the median budget for their offices '.s SI4.253 ,s S25.030’ Now comes the $64 question. Are theX worth »> PRT which provide or part-time coordinator positions jurisdictions with full already established: States-49; Counties-246; CitiesThe urban Data Service of the 309; for a total of 604. „„„„_____ City .... Management w------ 1 Association recently International conducted a survey of these coordinators. The following is a summary of their findings in the August, 1970 issue: ARY 1 their "^icipaJX DEC id 1970 7 to o The majority (49%) of city c : located in the office of the chief adminic°ordir ‘"ators ■lstratiV( 'Official „ 42% of city coordinators work most cl0. the chief appointed official in the determinat;or grant application priorities. ■»n M functioning as aid coordinators. The four public interest groups for the coordinators national professional organizations; fcr Conference, National Association of (Governors’ ' __ r and the National League of Cities, U. S. Counties, <Conference of Mayors) reported the following number of representing their IN THE LIBRARY LABOR MARKET NEWSLETTER - Pa. State Em | ment Service - A monthly review of current emploment developments and prospects in Luzerne Count LEGISLATIVE NEWSLETTER - Pennsylvania State Association of Boroughs - The official bullet;, reporting legislative developments affecting tht Association members. LEGISLATIVE RESEARCH CHECKLIST - Councilt' State Governments — A quarterly publication reportirt legislative activities affecting state governments az a listing of recent research reports. THOUGHTS FOR TODAY Our country must always maintain the two pat? pat system because they need each other for alibis. A successful man is the chap who can lay foundation with the bricks that others throw at NEWS-LETTER VOL. XVH, NO. I 2 merged WILKES COLLEGE WILKES-BARRE, PENNA. The first complete merger of autonomous municipal olice departments in Pennsylvania has been con­ summated by Dallas and Kingston Townships in Luzerne County. The real significance in the move lies in the fact that the terms of the merger agreement reveal a unique formula for surmounting existing limitations and uncer­ tainties which hinder attainment of true intermunicipal cooperation in many municipalities. With the joint agreement signed and the initial phase of the transition underway, the merger will be completed according to recommendations contained in the study made for the governing bodies by the Institute of Regional Affairs of Wilkes College. Although the original authoriza­ tion forthe study to merge the police departments included Dallas Borough, which is surrounded by the two townships, the former has not accepted the agreement as of this date. However, the agreement is of the open-end type, permitting tne Borough, or any other adjacent borough or township, to join the merger at any time. The governing officials, police chiefs, and, no less, the citizenry, were long aware of the growing difficulties in providing adequate police service in this "Back Mountain” area and the conditions which called for immediate remedial action. The report showed that the entire area comprises 65.5 square miles traversed by about 150 miles of roads, with about 12,000 inhabitants, living, for the most part, in widely separated clusters, including, in many instances, high value residential and commercial properties. Under these demographic con­ ditions, the pressures for adequate police coverage by IRA NEWSLETTER Institute of Regional Affairs Wilkes College* Wilkes-Barre, Pa. 18703 Return Postage Guaranteed Non-Pr»fit s Organization u. S. POSTAL ; PA|Dpi Wilkes-Barre, permit N0, 1 under-manned staffs afforded by each municipality within its c"own borders were rapidly becoming overwhelming, Demand: '-nds of heavy traffic control, criminal investigations, and c -’ other basic services, consumed practically all available ppolice time. Thus, a regular program of areawide car patrols 3 was impossible, as were other much-needed services. concf16 .t0Wnsh'P officials recognized and accepted the type USf'°n Of the IRA reP°rt which indicated that some reduC'° *°'nt Police effort offered the only hope for servi^ °r eRm'nating the growing obstacles to police ce °n an individual jurisdictional basis. statutnUmder PoliceeSf' DECEMBER 15, 1970 police departments °Ptions were open under Pennsylvania municipality could supplement its regular Serve °rce w'th additional auxiliary police who would eli„ On an " available” basis. Any jurisdiction could , minate its ^wit*1 own regular force and contract for complete an expanded force of an adjacent jurisdiction. means agreements for mutual use of police on an "as needed" basis. Since none of these options satisfied the variety of conditions and problems in the area, an agreement was entered into by the two townships under authority of the Joint Municipal Activities Act, generally called the General Cooperation Law. This act grants a very broad authority for municipalities to enter joint agreements to perform any power, duty, or function which each may under law exercise and perform separately. This option offers at least three distinct advantages: (I) It provides specific machinery for formulating the initial agreement; (2) It lays the groundwork for extending intermunicipal cooperation in other than the initial function by providing for a joint advisory board to advise and aid the governing bodies to implement cooperative actions in the future; and, (3) It preserves the legal prerogatives of each municipality, and thus reduces the political or psychological barriers to voluntary cooperation between separate jurisdictions. The Dallas-Kingston Township merger agreement eliminated the source of interjurisdictional misunder­ standings under the other options by establishing a single police district comprising the total geographic area of the two adjacent townships. The police district has been designated as the Back Mountain Area Police District. The police function is under the general supervision of a Joint Police Commission, consisting of one repre­ sentative of the governing body of each participating municipality. If a borough joins the agreement, its commission representative would be the mayor in order to comply with the Borough Code requirement giving that officer responsibility for his police department. The terms of Commission members and officers is fixed at one year. The annual budget for the Joint Police Department is to be prepared by the Joint Commission and submitted to the respective governing bodies for consideration not later than October I each year to enable each (urisdiction to accommodate it to its total municipal budget Should the governing bodies fail to approve a police budget the prior year’s police budget shall be operative until one is adopted. between of real property I �municipal governing bodies, each CSi Casting While the initial venture includes only one „ . "1e tw0 townships, any adjacent borough or towns)? t0 join at any time by formal resolution an![P is pant may withdraw from the agreement Uni any REGIONAL AFFAIRS institute of Dr. Hugo V, Mai ley- Director three months written notice. newsletter VOL. XVII " f as a p.bU<h"1 "5. 7n the Institute of -. Notes and Thi, ... Dr. Hugo 18703 joint Police Commission its proportionate share ot the annual appropriations on the first day of each quarter These funds are paid to the treasurer of the Commission and deposited in a special Joint Police account. All police expenses, therefore, are to be paid from this fund by the Joint Treasurer on authority of the Commission. The agreement further provides that a special annual report of the Commission’s finances shall be filed with the Department of Community Affairs and with each governing body. Audits of the fund are to be made by a certified public accountant. The Joint Police Commission will supervise and direct all police activities in the single district and assist in the enforcement of participating municipal ordinances. It will make uniform policies on wages, hours, conditions, and terms of employment, and all other matters consistent with the laws of the State. The current police personnel of both Townships, and all future police appointees, are deputized to perform any and all police services in any part of the police district, regardless of Township boundaries. All police and civilian personnel are appointed by the Joint Police Commission, and when civil service regulations are applicable, the Joint Commission acts as the Civil Service Commission. All police equipment, materials, supplies and property existing on the date of the effectiveness'of the agreement shall remain that of tho \ municipality until the same is replaced All neweT'"2 Police Commission. In the at The unique feature of the Dallas <• Police Agreement is that it attains com£n Joiflt NO. 12 DECEMBER >5.1’™ p°n ACT 195 - event that any municipality terminates its agreement, common property will be appraised and either sold c °r retained end distributed in the same proportion as the -s assessment of police expenditures. By agreement, the central police f the headquarters has in the new i— 'P-.This will serve as the = of Dallas actlv'^ in the single district" «nter for a|| po|jce b ex|stmg and future police i * centralization ’’ standards and M procedures. under —-r accepted Any differenc'en«s arising under the ^0|ved by the” days' if not Jomt Police Commissreement shaU be ‘ suc«ssful, then by h°n Within si“y y the Participating under centralized authority of an int te "leJ commission appointed by the governing bodi 8rniUnicipa| terms, and at the same time retains in the h* f°r sS governing body of each jurisdiction ultimate^5 of ’he The precise definitions under the Act are - I “Supervisor” means any individual having authority in the interests of the employer to hire, transfer suspend, layoff, recall, promote, discharge, assign, reward or discipline other employees or responsibly to direct them or adjust their grievances; or to a substantial degree effectively recommend such action, if in connec­ tion with the foregoing, the exercise of such authority is not merely routine or clerical in nature but calls for the use of independent judgement. the police function. Undoubtedly, the Agreement011''01 «f with both letter and spirit of the new local COniplies provisions of the State Constitution. 80Vernrneni Trials and tribulations in fully impleme :entinSthens# and unique arrangement for joint police services ar{ naturally expected, but the enthusiasm 1 °f t0Wip officials and members of the individual | P°h« depatt. ments augurs well for the experiment. Its s.. --s , success should encourage other municipalities in th'e Back Mountain area, as well as other parts of the Cor >ninionwealth, to follow suit. 2. “Professional employee” means any employee whose work: (I) is predominantly intellectual and varied in character; (II) requires consistent exercise of discre­ tion and judgement; (III) requires knowledge of an advanced nature in the field of science or learning customarily acquired by specialized study in an institu­ tion of higher learning or its quivalent; and (IV) is of such character that the output or result accomplished cannot be standardized in relation to a given period of time. Short of the little-used and difficult procedure 0| municipal consolidation, complete merger of servicesby this type of cooperation promises the best answer to the rising cost of municipal services, as well as the best response to demands for improved services. The DallasKingston police merger, though small in scale, is regionalism at its best. 3. “First level of supervision” and “first level supervisor” means the lowest level at which an employee functions as a supervisor. WHN SEWER SOCIOLOGY “We’ve been doing our thing quietly, but we really plan to fly after the November election,” a highly place! r ' • j 11 l official of the Federal Department of Housing and Urbai Development (HUD) recently said of his departments plans to use Federal grant-in-aid programs to produces racial balance in America’s suburbs. HUD s chosen opening? The sewer systems of suburban America! ? I I I | ' eioned U , Regulations effective October I have been designe J r without ' make it virtually impossible for a community Federal , blacks or low-income housing to qualify/ for I .. The idea, of course, i water and sewer program assistance, to accept integrate-1 is to force suburban communitieslalify to for much-ne* low-income housing in order to qua..., sewer grants. and rad3' Despite the fact that housing Prociac^°a comi"tl,lili 1 inflamed ' relations are bound to suffer from . committedI to hostilities, HUD remains openly .. I balance - ‘'racial do",1‘‘’l1 , Federal housing programs to engineer ra^longressi° in the suburbs. Although there is no authorization for HUD’s use of water and funds to remake the social and resident! s.ste£jse'';er' i suburbia, sociological goals for federally a have been created in the HUD bureaUCJa|egislati’n? can, of course, simply pass prohibiting o sonie even transfer the water and sewer Pr°SratjOn agency, such as the Environmental Pr° yVheth where it will be safe from HUD sociolog not Congress can muster the effort to °f social engineering’’ will be interes ter tb'Le- ; 4. "Management level employee” means any individual who is involved directly in the determination of policy or who responsible directs the implementation thereof and shall include all ciupiu/ccd employees auuvc above liic the i first «• *-*i i vi ouai i iiiv .iuuc aii i i ol |eve| of SUpervisjon 5. “Confidential employee" shall mean any employee who works; (I) in the personnel offices of a public employer and has access to information subject to use by the public employer in collective bargaining; or (II) in a close continuing relationship with public officers or representatives associated with collective bargaining on behalf of the employer. The employer determines who is a supervisor by the ^ar|ner in which he describes the function of the job and ^quires the function to be performed. The employed the^d'0'08 agent can challenge this determination when LRr 6 ln't'on bargaining unit is being considered by will e LRB wilI make the final determination. There dete nOt be a s'n?le valid interpretation but rather a will r^'nat'on by each public employer as to where it ave erprofra. nSo DEFINITIONS Definitions are always worth understanding. Definiin certain laws will help to understand who is vered and who is exempt. Management level employees c fidential employees, and supervisors are excluded the bargaining under the new Public Employee CoHective Bargaining Law. abandoned cars ‘■eyIsoere^tya°bfanWdilkeS/Barre trucks 'and taX°s ar Undertaken to remove - PaSSenger cars‘ Police Chief ik ,at ,t,:. e cost to the taxpayers, directive in lune to ISSUed a department-wide that the m members of the Bureau of Police that the new Motor Vehicle ■ e ahandnnea l.■ i ven|cle Code provisions covering abandoned vehicles were to be strictly enforced The resuit was a check on all abandoned vehicles reported did^^r h113^6'5’ After determination that the vehicles d d not have proper license plates or inspection stickers, Shker Towing Service, one of three qualified salvors in NLPA, was ordered to remove the vehicles. The Sliker service receives SI5 for each vehicle removed. The City pays the SI5, after which the salvor presents documents that are forwarded to the Abandoned Vehicle Division of the Bureau of Motor Vehicles in Harrisburg The City then gets SID of the $15 cost for the removal of the abandoned vehicle. The net cost to the City is only $5. In July, August, and September, a total of 34 of the “worst eyesore abandoned vehicles" were removed from the City streets by the Sliker Service. - II in July, 9 in August, and 14 in September. The City expended S510 and was reimbursed S340. ARBITRATION A law permitting the use of arbitration at public expense in cases involving property evaluation for government acquisitions has been placed on the books in California law by Governor Ronald Regan. The new law, drafted by the California Law Revision Com­ mission, sets forth procedures for arbitration under mutual agreement of both the agency seeking the property and the property owner. Under provisions of the bill, the agreement to arbitrate would be subject to and enforceable under the California Arbitration Act, and the public agency seeking to acquire the property would pay for the costs of the arbitration procedure. The eminent domain law is offered as an alternative to jury trials in such cases. Under the previous law, the California Constitution required jury trials to break deadlocks over compensation. According to an analysis of the new law prepared by the Law Revision Commission, “arbitration can reduce the costs, delays, and ill will frequently associated with judicial proceedings and, at the same time, relieve the over-burdened courts of a heavy volume of jury cases. 12^687 level supervisory work performed. Perf0°r exarnPle: Does the person evaluate the work firinprmanCe °f otber people; effectively recommend hiring, PLASTIC ROOF Perso' prom°tion, transfer, or re-assignment of other of under his supervision; or direct the work effort to rs SUch as the techniques to be used, materials even t^'^ etc“ a person does some of these things, The Mount Joy, Pa., Borough Authority has installed a plastic roof over its water supply reservoir, believed first such installation in the East The roof ought to improve the payability and quality of the such dut°Ue8h devotin§ a small percentage of his time to wi|| ijL11,65, tbe designation of that person as a supervisor a Hg a-ee y withstand challenge by the employee bargainnt and will be excluded from the bargaining unit. resting place for migratory ducks. it doesn’t help the ducks any.• • Of course, �SNOW NEW APPROACH t0 '"’’X co™. The city approved a s- of Manhattan iendation that each FENCE ACT The erection and dismantling of snow June I. 1945, was amended, effective oct feb"ce, , of -□er to read: bl Q,’ Si % I “The Department shall have the allowance be — of grouP selectedhfrom“four ^"'J'^KsurlnTeTual to one ivailable types major medical, group dantf0’ng.terrn disability ^urance times annual sa|ary. employees overwhe: ming y at 60% of base pay. The by subscriptions in endorsed the program as disabi|ity coverages excess of 95% for me 'C ^e The former city policy was and 30% for denta group medical and life authority V 'o Pn upon private property adjacent to anX State and place thereon snow fences a, any . at any necessary, in order to eliminate snow drifr'nt snow (■ ■ en’elj traveled portion of the highway. Such 'ng Such shall not be placed more than 100 feet fro Sn°W St way line of the highway. rn the ri8ht0f “No snow fence authorized under this placed prior to October I; however, if the fen? Shal1 erected on private property containing unharve^ it may not be placed prior to November | u?dcr0|ls written consent of the owner of the adjacent p" ttlE PrT" °Perty i‘ obtained. No snow fence authorized under shall remain in place after April I of the f- -'Ss act Succeedinf year, unless the written consent of the owner of the adjacent property is obtained.’’ to a limited program. SECRETARY ROMNEY In his NAHB speech recently, HUD Secretary Romney gave this as his ten-point checklist of needed ingredients for a national housing policy. 1. Inflation’s end and easing of monetary controls. 2. Steadily expanding economy. IN THE LIBRARY MICHIGAN BUSINESS REVIEW - University ofMichige- Published bi-monthly as a service to the business and academic communities. MICHIGAN MUNICIPAL REVIEW - Michigan Municipt' 3. Housing to have a higher national priority. League — A monthly review confined to reseat and legislation with special articles on finance, purchasing, and personnel management. 4. Adequate, growing supply of mortgage financing. 5. Revised and strengthened land use policies. 6. Adequate level of government assistance for housing low-income families] MID-EASTERN COUNTIES BOROUGHS REPORTERLafayette College — A publication used as a meats of distributing municipal information among thos-: 7. Property tax reform. who serve in borough affairs. 8. Efficient administration, prompt processing of government programs. 9. Develop, introduce new technology, financing, marketing, management, methods for greater volume, lower cost, higher quality. THOUGHTS FOR TODAY Cross pigeon. 10. Concern for social implications. a sto:' I a dove with a toad and you'll get ! He who slings mud loses ground. IRA NEWSLETTER Non-Pr0^ Organic" u. S. POSTAL Institute of Regional Affairs Wilkes College Wilkes-Barre, Pa. 18703 PAID Wilkes-Ba"e' permit No- & Return Postage Guaranteed 17195 I �F 5 - 11lDQ025DEa5 IIII1111IWI WILKES UNIVERSITY UBRARY ■ . L ■ -.1 8 1 i- ■ ■: - ?.,.<- . B : Bii? I' J h IlhfifiMl it? »./ It •t <-■- ?,<•--.5--n "■ • iRnamBS^^Wy . $ jjh: ' hi ■. . Bl. ■ . '.' J - • > ' ■■ ISgfV^^ iJiM: ■ g .. ............. _.......... ;■ : ijj!' •■ ■ $5- X .■ :-.j ...' ■ - °■'■ InhUi'J;! :;W| \ ' .- -i ■ > g.; - i . eHSSaaife 5? . ■: ‘-J 'y J"'':. .7- Bdj• .... � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Luzerne County Newsletters and Institute for Regional Affair Newsletters, 1952-1975 Subject The topic of the resource Political Science; Luzerne County; Institute for Regional Affairs; Wyoming Valley Description An account of the resource A collection of newsletters created by the Political Science Department at Wilkes College from 1952-1975 for Luzerne County and later the Institute for Regional Affairs. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Political Science Department (Hugo Mailey) Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1952-1975 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource PDF Type The nature or genre of the resource Newsletters Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Luzerne County Newsletter, 1970 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Political Science Department Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1970 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource PDF Type The nature or genre of the resource Newsletter https://omeka.wilkes.edu/omeka/files/original/b3b9f79c0dce66ee6758718f0068505d.pdf 860322e27bbaf619eadd1f8608e56556 PDF Text Text ■M " ■■ ■ ■ o ■ - ■■ ;■ - v' \iWwiw ?• . j. J.v, ,t ■•‘.I.L,.:- i 1 1 ��L �archives TREASURE ROOM IS^-51 I.M w w / WILKES'BA VJ? •> 1, XVII, NO- co^GE’ WILKE5 REMINDER. TheInstitute will continue its diver siii Spring semester by offering ten COur se s for 1OC Of the ten courses, five are for civil defense T liceand firemen, and three are for administra ficials of cities, boroughs and townships. Pa to the courses in purchasing, street mainten. vision. These three courses will begin in tt Call the Institutefor registration if you have r The Institute of < ' Regional Affairs the is ag cooperation of Mr. making thes e courses Fred Miller and the available to local Ployees. gov< I' Wa West Side dale b.? .* d Plans to Landfill transfer y th* end as leaSe< from M °f th. e year. Are ■will- be tionsince itsa ■which formation is c 5bip mined. Its location is JCoorn® the (■ Larksville. third lo b Bi. —tie decis. J‘ Pott l°n te<l. describ “'’he, is r 6 toinking J Mad Pf-a-ns cat oal ed as ne q to con t{^ce st*uc ^as �underground™^ XyrfDe»ve°r”m»o« install single-phase underground wiring in 8®; ’SamUy residential subdivide, upto.maximum investment of $6oo p ercustomer. A special consumer ra e, winch var.es With the custoni. er's electric usage, will cover normal underground wiring costs. Customers already served by underground wiring may either re­ ceive a refund of payments previously made for the difference in cost be­ tween overhead and underground wiring, and then be served under the new rate, or leave the payments with the company and continue under als to Hannigan Electric Construction Company, lowest the si®bidder, 11' responat its bid of $79, 672. sibi6 The new signals will beStreet the overhead direction. Signals at Pierce and TT <■ yPe’ With tw° faces ; ,-advance" timing as the present signals T WiU have theV^ move first. 6Mls' Permit left.lnrn An innovation in Kingston will be new “•type signals for pedestrians.pedestrian These signals, to be placed at the curbs ’ will \ for crossing. 111 show red and1 green A POTENTIAL EMPLOYEE present rates. COMMUNITY EXCHANGE The New Jersey Department of Community Affairs has developed a novel approach to inter-community cooperation. Under their municipal interchange program, a community may borrow personnel with needed expertise from another community. The Department then reimburses the lending municipality for the time spent byanofficial in the other com­ munity. Although it maybe almost too obvious to mention, it is a fact that filling job vacancies, an employer is not just concerned with "hiring in bodies. " On the contrary, he is looking for a number of specific things in a potential employee: 1. 2. Someone physically and mentally equipped to handle one of the vacant job slots; Someone who has the prerequisites interms of educational background; and, The most recent product of this program is a study, conducted by the director of the Woodbridge police, for Englewood, New Jersey's po­ lice department. The report of the six-week study recommends changes in the police department's physical plant, organization, administration, procedures; and suggests ways in which it can secure financial and tech­ nical assistance from federal agencies. e stu y also includes a detailed proposal fora police cadet pro­ gram and numerous i--------recommendations to help the police department live up to its potential "to become* a one of the departments in the State. " This program is one that regional councils could develop for communities in their area. NEW SIGNALS New traffic t signals to be installed on Market Street and Wy°” ming Avenue at a cost of clos e to $80, 000 tions in Kingston. will be placed at 15 intersec Kingston Council awarded a contract for furnishing and installing 3. Someone who has attitudes which are compatible with the job to be done. EARLY TAX BILLING lived not needfor the borough. now adopting their budgets by December 31, there to delay in mailing out the tax With boroughs i Law (Section 6) requires the tax is no justifiable reason for tax collectors bills- In fact, the Local Tax Collection within' 30 days after receiving the tax r tout a the---------i 'an early tax billing should contact c °Uector to thei mail tax notices tax notic C°^ ecf:or andesiring d arrange the early printing and mailing of the buPlicate. Boroughs tofor have sb°uld a]63 the taX collector in the initial months of 1969- Boroughs •*’ tax collector and arrange a so alert the county assessors office to furnish the assessment notices by the tax collector �tax duplicate roll in time for delivery to the tax to prepare the flie I.R.A. News-letter Collect0l.i t t-preovernmental Purchasing Committee The Voluntary ^er“overnmental Action has established , of the Allegheny than one hundred' purchasing cifications Center contain ng which were developed by the Commo*' frw f-wenty-one item fications for twenty , County of Allegheny and nineteen cities, bor' y06- XVII. NO. 2, WILKES COLLEGE, WILKES-BARRE County. ROLE OF THE MANAGER items for which specifications exist are* Ant-' Freeze TXXpyiies- Tires and Tubes, garbage Disposal, Road terials ’ Police Uniforms, Park Equipment, Anti-Skid Materials, Gas, on, and Diesel Fuel, Office Furniture and Equipment, Vehicles (Po. lice/other), Public Works Equipment, Printing and Stationery Items, Services (window cleaning , exterminating), Fertilizer, Pipe, Signs, Paint, Insurance, Guard Rails, and Shade Trees. Municipal purchasing officials, secretaries, managers and other public officials responsible for purchasing municipal supplies and equip­ ment are welcome to use, and are urged to use, the Specification Center. There is no charge for borrowing the specifications of the Cen­ ter. The specifications may be borrowed for no more than two weeks. The Center assumes no responsibility for the openness of the specifica­ tions. Municipalities participating in this service are required to send o e enter any specifications which they may develop and use for in­ elusion in the Specification Center's official file. thoughts FOR TODAY Anybody who thinks youcan'tkeep a good man down doesn't understand office politics. things. * b,reiinis anVthing that's notas much overpriced as PA., FEBRUARY 15, most other PUBLICATION This Newslpttandginated-ln the Institute of RpS?ed monthly as a community s ervice. gional^f163 be ^dressed8;0^1 Affairs of Wilkes College. Note5 Affairs, Wilkes c sed Dr. Hug0 of Re' 187°3 tlkes-Barre, Pennsylvania. "In today's dynamic communities, he must direct a machine of specialists. These specialists should possess not onlynew management techniques, but must also have a dedication to and an understanding of the urban scene. In today s complex and changing society, competent management in local government requires that someone, like a city mana­ ger, be assigned the very important role of urban catalyst, a coordinator of technical and professional resources, as he recommends positive poli­ cy to the elected officials which he serves. Only in this way, can he hope to professionally assist a council of laymen to meet the challange of the 2 1st century. Only in this way, can the manager of the last quarter of this century.integrate the numerous services which an alert citizenry will demand. Only in this way, can the profession of city manager be enhanced among the growing number of professionals that local govern­ ment is increasingly adding to its personnel force. " The above paragraph is an excerpt from an article on the role of the manager by H. V. Mailey in the magazine, The Pennsylvanian, October 1968. has somebody and The foregoing presupposes that the manager something to coordinate. The foregoing presupposes that the local gov--------- "3 in ernment has technical and professional- resources i„ the - first place. The role of urban catalyst. foregoing is a recognition of a new i— — Of course, implicitin all of this stand what urban catalyst means. is that the elected officials under- SERVICE AWARDS TV PT the Institute of Regional Every year at the Annual May Dinn , who have conAffairs presents a Service Award to those loca service of their tributed untiringly over a long number of _V®ar these Awards again res pective governments. The Institute will offer respe cti- 1969. �. rraduation Dinner. Included ~vxuUea in in those ■ May at the Am "‘’"wol n,emberS ’nd Se"etarle’. POU el, this year ward are school itorS, engineers, planning s,and ce, igible 1for — *eaIlmen, may°rs’ nervisors, and school directors firemen,^Assioners. coin si on of appreciation for ability, wide This ing coiwni--— 1Ven as an express outstanding public servant over AWard Vand untiring efforts^ dedto the IRA immediately, ex> 171 any years. CREDO Of American Election and Registration Officials believe in the United States of America, a free nation of r-men , ,nmen who govern themselves through free and secret balloting.' 3 ' I believe the right of each citizen to vote without hindrance is basic to the American way. . I believe every adult American should vote. I believe the law and procedures should facilitate the act of voting for every citizen. I believe the duty of every official is to simplify procedures and assist each citizen to exercise his basic right without obstruction, or complaint of official inconvenience. I believe that interpretations of laws and regulations should be resolved whenever possible in favor of the right of the citizen to vote. I pledge to the public that while I serve as an election officer I shall commit no partisan act nor permit any distortion of the will of any voter within the law. I ffurther •• pledge that whenever I observe that a statute or procedure denies -- 0 or obstructs the free exercise of the right to vote. I will advise rappropriate -" officials of this experience so that improvements in the law and —, — —d procedures may be made; f tk ® Because ecause I(• believe that voting in free elections records the will m > t-m■ * °^’ e and iS th® ultimate act of free men in our free nation, I extension ^ commitment 01^mitrnent in addition to my formal oath of office and as an the traditional American "f alleXnX 111011*1 pledge pledge which loyal citizens attest their allegiance. ENROLLMENT UPSWING Few will dispute t upswing, but perhaps one“ of the m c°Lege enrollments today are on the and to what degree? ore intriguing questions is: how much by the fot P«r. insylvania can be found in a reportjustprepared Statist, " of State Department of Public Instruction which notes that total • Pennsylvania ,• learning numbered 371,enrollment 082 in mX an upswing of 47, 023. and c°mpares withXX8 of higher h 324'069ini9866 . As might perhaps be expected 1 ment is in the Keystone State's 71 nmXgeSt Sin§le "type" Of 120, 183 last year (115, 193 in 1966). . N 6 Colleges and univeX"011' students is the three state-related universR^Vm 8eSt CUStod^n of cX ' ;e ple) with a total enrollment last year of Pitta"dTem’ (96, 312 in ig66)_ Pennsylvania's 14 state-owned institutions (’university) were in third place with total enroll™ X (13 colleges ~ and one up from the 5 1,441 of three years ago. °llment las —-i‘ year of 63, 871, Were there any enrollment decreases ? Perhaps surprisingly, the answer is - yes, in two categories: private junior college enrollment dropped from 11,327 in 1966 to 8, 791 last year, while during the same period the enrollment in private state-aided institutions dipped from 36,785 to 35,590. Largest single increase was taken by the community colleges which virtually tripled in enrollment from 10, 564 to 30,676. OPEN TRASH BURNING Open burning of papers, trash, garbage or any material will be banned under Regulation 5 of a State-wide air pollution control law that should be in effect within five weeks. Theban on burning will cover all industrial, commercial and resi­ dential dwellings - the latter limited to those with three or more units, once the State Attorney General and the State Department approve the law. The State Health Department will enfor gional air basin. The first two offenses wi fenses with fines ranging from $100 to $ • ■ ■' i 5 in the reonsidered summary ofthird offense will be $1000 on conviction. considered a misdemeanor with fines o Regulation 5 of the State air open burning by commercial and in u dential dwellings of three or more u law will prohibit a:.nd by persons in resi- - . ...-?cted to passorLocal cities, boroughsand townshipswill be expe ingle-family and double ^nances banning open burning by persons in si w �Yin* I.R.A. News-letter Staled. State law is anticipated inthehcStrictenforc^ ^irnew pollution problem in Wyoming VaR, °Pes -ley. of alleviating aPOltlOn HOW MUCH WATER IN AN INCH OF RAIN? 0k xvii, NO. 3, WILKES COLLEGE, WILKES-BARRE, Pa MARCH 15, 1969. An inch of rain falling evenly on 1 acre of ground is Huivalent to about 27,154 gallons of water, according to hydrologists of the "" U.S. Geological Survey. Onewould inch amount of ram to falling evenly over Here's vhow -t's i determined: ground a total of 6, 272, one acre (43, 560 square feet, This is equivalent 3,630 cubic feet of 640 cubic inches o wa weighs about 62.4topounds. Therefore, water. A cubic o 1 of Qver } acre would be about the weight of a unifor f 1 The wei ht of j. UiS. gallon of "bX 8 3 p'oLs. Consequently, a nainlall of 1 Inch ove, i acre would mean about 27, 154 gallons of water. Of this total, about 25% would run off immediately; about 15% would be evaporated; about 40% would be taken up by surface soils; and about 20%would filter down into sub-surface, water-bearing rocks (aquifers). "These percentage figures, " T Survey hydrologists explain, "can vary considerably, depending upon many factors such a: __1- — ' density of .ivegetation, as rate of rainfall, topography, soil condition, humidity, soil condition, of urbanization, etc. " , extent SERVICE AWARDS Every year at the Annual May Dinner, the Institute of Re­ gional Affairs presents a Service Award to those local officials who have contributed untiringly over a long number of years in the service of their respective governments. The Institute will offer these Awards again this year in May at the Annual Graduation Dinner. Included in those eligible for the award are school board membersand secretaries, police, firemen, councilmen, mayors, solicitors, engineers, planning and zoning commissioners, township supervisors, and school directors. This Award is given as an expression of appreciation for ability, wide experience and untiring efforts as an outstanding public servant over many years. Nominations should be forwarded to the IRA immediately. CLEAN-UP LAURELS Reprint: U. S. Geological Survey September 4, 1968 THOUGHTS FOR TODAY Theler ■’ !ngfhof the seige humiliates Oman's glory? a man; on the contrary, it makes Passion often fools ell makes clever ever men. men fools; sometimes, it even makes PUBLICATION This NeWs.. -letter, originated Published m andinquirie ..Lute of Regio:>nal .°nthly as a community service, Note® gional Aff.; ,S may be addre ' ' l.essed to Dr.Affairs of Wilkes '■ College. ia. airs- Wes of Re' ^8° V. Mailey, Institute College, Wilkes-Barre, pennsy va 18703 Wyoming Valley Community Improvement Council, sponsors of the area's annual spring Clean-Up, Paint-Up, Fix-Up CamPaign, has again received national acclaim by the National Clean-Up Award in competition Bure au by receiving a Distinguished Achievement ---------with communities in nearly every state. , entry showing beauThe Award was ca-PaignMaytificationprojects completed in th commerce in behal entry was submitted by the Chamber o Valley Community Improvement Coun community representative s Presentation of the Award to Ce a special ceremony on February 25 at the Statler Hilton took 1 <x ceremony - Wyoming at a special More ceremony Washington. than thirty Wyoming Valley communities Hotel in Washington. More than paign under - in -a ilast campaign under ^ticipated a%t spring's spring's clean-up clean-uP^ of Heaith . Hethe chairmans i 5 Depa . . He was assisted by of Fred Karl, Pennsylvania �ENVIRONMENTAL East Side Vice partmentaiFire Chief. At the recent annual dinner or tho of the the Stony Stonv Brook-Millstone " Watersheds Association, the attendants impr were much impressed by a talk on "The Crisis in the Environment " 1by Dr. Barry Commoner, environment, author and h^d of’ th7bota7It’waSl ity on — the botany department ; ington University, St. Louis. Following are quotations from his talk; SINGLE FAMILY HOMES Do single-family homes pay their way? Frequently mu • *na1 taxing bodies claim that moderately-priced, single-faxnily ’ ' d^not add to local revenue as much as they add to local service costs. This conclusion has resulted in local policies aimed at discouraging this type of housing developments. A recent study in California, New Jersey, and North Caro­ lina by the Urban Land Institute, under a grant from the National Asso­ ciation of Home Builders, says the claim is not always true, in fact, that it may be the exception rather than the rule. Whether or not such housing will "pay its way", or not, depends on (1) local improvement policies, i. e. , the extent to which the developer is required to meet the cost of initial capital outlays for pub­ lic improvements; and, (2) the state-local fiscal structure, i. e., the extent to which continuing costs of public services are met from local rather than state-raised revenues, and especially the degree of reli­ ance on the property tax. The conclusion is that if the developer of moderate-priced, single-family homes is required to meet the cost of local improvements, such homes will pay their own way over a period of time for local pub­ ic services appropriately charged to them in most states. Only in states which rely rely heavily heavily on on the the property tax for local revenue, and h develop developments *S ^V low. is relatlve relatively low, will will exnenditures expenditures in in such exceed the revenues they generate. , . iiin the From this c~ that, 111 long run UUb conclu sion flows the suggestion mat, f community leaders > concerned with potential tax new residentia^d 111^ leaders tax burdens bur e n‘ may find positive efforts ain>ed at f « aimed at 'at b°‘h State “d 1O=al U''elS) it is needed. " issues discourage sound residential residential develops develop*116111' lscourage sound "I believe that we are practically blind not only about our fellow men, not only about our society, but also about improtant aspects of nature. I believe that we are dangerously incompetent not only in our relations with each other but also in our relations with the natural world" I think our survival is threatened not only by a growing social crisis but also by a technological crisis." "In the last two years, with a sudden shock, it has become apparent that modern technology is changing the environment for the worse. The air that we now breathe not only supports us biologically but it also can lead to respiratory disease. Surface water, which we always relied on to purify waste, is now losing that capacity for self­ purification. We are pushing the structure of the soil in the United States to the point where we cannot use it without polluting our water and our air. The environment is being stressed, I think, to the point of collapse. "I believe that we have also learned that the environmental crisis can be resolved but only if we accept the fundamental facts that man is not designed to conquer nature but to live in it. " "Environmental pollution is not a matter of keeping the birds twittering and the elm trees bearing leaves and the smell and the countryside good to look at. That s great u we vive, f 5uppose, in some sense.penh.ps not in a rium, looking at broken down cars rather than trees. psthetics. making is that environmental pollution is not a ques’ 10. j think it is a question of survival. The environment is da to the pointwhere it is threatened as our source of biologica can be resolved only by , these issues be the prerogative of "As far as I can see In a democracy this ought to a moral judgment. every citizen. " Reprint Watershed News January, I?69 �EUGENE SHE flie I.R.A. News-letter WILKES COLLEGE " ’ VOL. XVU, NO. 4, WILKES COLLEGE, WILKES-BARRE, PA., APRIL 15, 1969 -oduced by the Luzerne County a rist brochure pro honors in a recent publications The new touriS t placed Tourist Promotion Agency w pennsylvania Department of Commerce, competition sponsored by t Springs in conjunction with atourThe announcement was ma Travel Development Bureau. Entries ist promotion workshop o effective design and copy in accomplishment were judged on the baS1S..terature that was submitted. Competition inof the objectives of the . preSenting tourist centers in all parts eluded approximately 100 entri of the state. The county brochure was cited for "overall excellence" in . r„n of Luzerne County as the center of the northeast recreation Presentation of Luze^^ highways system. The bro. chureaemX-'Pennsylvania Excitement is the Center of the New North­ east '■ Effective use of color photography, clarity of the county map, and intriguing and informative copy were named as contributing factors in its selection. Production of the brochure was made possible by the com­ bined use of local funds raised through memberships in the agency and state matching funds made available under Pennsylvania's Tourist Pro­ motion Law. THOUGHTS FOR TODAY Bachelors knowmore about womenthan married men. else do they stay single? Why SERVICE AWARDS Every year at the Annual May Dinner, the Institute of Regional Affairs presents a Service Award to those local officials who have con­ tributed untiringly over a long number of years in the service of their respective governments. The Institute will offer these Awards again this year in May at the Annual Graduation Dinner. Included in those eligible for the award are school board membersand secretaries, police, fire­ men, councilmen, mayors, solicitors, engineers, planning and zon­ ing commissioners, township supervisors, and school directors. This Award is given as an expression of appreciation for ability, wide ex­ perience and untiring efforts as an outstanding public servant over many years. Nominations should be forwarded to the IRA immediately. PURCHASING If any community is to attract people and industry, it must be one where local government is operated on an efficient basis and at the most economical cost. One of the areas where local government can realize an increased and high quality service through savings is in improved municipal purchasing and supply management. Intergovernmental pur­ chasing agreements are one way of saving money at the local govern­ mental level, as has been proven by the Voluntary Intergovernmental Purchasing Committee of the Allegheny Council for Intergovernmental Action which includes Allegheny County and nineteen cities, boroughs and townships within the County. household.'er. Marriage is a bribe to make a housekeeper think she's a PUBLICATION In order to learn more about centralized and cooperative pur chasing, a dinner meeting has been scheduled by the Institute of Regional Affairs to hear William H. Hansell, Jr. in the Dinina Room of t e New Men's Dormitory at Wilkes Coliegeon Thursday, Apri b;30 p.M. , - h Valley CooperNotl’s ?H81nated in the InsHtutPUbf1Shed monthlY as a community serof HegiX;^^5 maV be addr// R"gional A«airs of Wilkes College. a AffairS| Wilkes ColleTM *° Dr- V. Mailey, Institute ge’ Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania 18703 City Managers Association in Pennsylvania tie manager of Catasauqua Borough t ree Catasauqua, White­ �the Lehigh Valley Cooperative which now , Bethlehem formed municipalities. hall, and Bet icipatlng has grown to 24 P ;i£sted in the concept of professional pUr_ A11 local officials intejes rative purchasing in particular, are invited attend this OPERATIVE PURCHASING CO-1 the idea of co-operative purchasing by a number In recent years’tal legal entities has gained considerable promof separate governmen governments can secure a greater inence as another means blic funds. The oldest successful joint return for the expen i iated in 1931 by the City of Cincinnati Board buying agreement was Countyj the Public Library of Cincinnati and of Education, Universityof Cincinnati. Inessence, theproC°”‘yth “he()ry a”dof centralized purchasing beyond £“Xf individual legal entitles making itpossible for the small user secure the price advantages of large quantity purchases. In its first vea^ of operation there was a savings of $57, 160 on $410, 900 of joint purchases. The combined savings of three Florida cities (Fort Lauder­ dale, Hollywood, and Pompano Beach) in 1959 dollars was nearly $35, 000. In I960, the City of Louisville and the surrounding area secured discounts of 49. 3%. In April 1968 the city purchasing agent of Cranston, Rhode Is­ land stated that the savings on lubricants alone were 55.9% or about $2,000. In 1965 when the Lehigh Valley Purchasing Council was first organized, Hellertown, as a member of the Council, was able to save $1,541 out of total purchases of $3,831, which included only 5 items purchased. The requirements fora successful co-operative purchasing pro­ gram, should be of interest: 1. 2. 3. It must start with a desire or incentive to promote the best interest of the supporting taxpayers without prejudice or favor. of standard. Tbk awilhn§ness to approach the development Wirements "■“Bering actual usage reThe procedm. , han bein§ tied to any preferred brand, mean loss of6S J °U^ set UP m a manner which will not independence of action by member agencies. Items 1. USt Possess the following qualifications: Must be an Ho™ m °r a service of common usage. 2. 3. 4. 5. The end use of the product must be similar satisfactory specifications maybe adopted. so that common The demand for the item or service must be continuing. It must be an item whose price will respond to quantity pur­ chasing. The item purchased jointly must be procured in sufficient quantities so that the anticipated savings will be great enough to more than offset the added time and expense involved in a co-operative bid. There are two principal methods of co-operative purchasing, the dir ect purchasing method and thejoint bid method. In the direct purchase method, one jurisdiction purchases an item in quantities in excess of its own needs and resells the surplus to co-operating units. The joint bid method is simply the pooling of individual requirements of all units into one bid. Each unit makes its own contract, writes its own purchase or­ der, is billed separately, does its own receiving and inspection and is­ sues its own checks for payment. The latter method is the one most widely used. FARMLAND Where farmland, forest or open space land is leased, Rhode Is­ land assessors must only consider factors which relate to use without regard to neighborhood land use in determining full and fair cash value. When such land is used for other purposes, it incurs additional "roll back taxes. " To determine the amount of roll back taxes, assesseemust consider full and fair value, the amount of the assessment, the amount of additional taxes and the amount of roll back tax for each year. As­ sessment, collection, apportionment and payment of roll back taxes is the same procedure as for omitted property. Condemnation may not re suit in roll back taxes. • Delaware, the value of land For general property taxpurposes horticultural or forest will be that which such lands have for agricu assessment, and there Use. The owner must apply f°r this pre e? devoted to such use for must be at least five acres of land active: y„ tax year. In a ieast two successive years immediately P itt has been create dition, a Farmland Evaluation Advisory Commi help implement the new procedures. ASSESSORS NEWSLETTER February 1969 �fhe I.R.A. News-Ww 1970 TAX_SALENDAR. SYMPOSS^^ . 1967 enacted a series of laws that re. -ombly inrnment and enabled them to operate On The General Asse. S°ve ab0ut a greater uniformity between shackles on focal 1moved the :for the entire- year , fiscal procure schedules. a budget unent m thel classes <of governi—every county, depending upon class, must As a result of new laws, calendars caused many problems „ bhe new calendar. The 25 years. Many studies in lineal governing ^J^f uniformityin the old tax calendars. The t0\ , J indicated the lack progressive step toward alleviating calendars will ‘^^ver, many questions still remain to be ^nylocal tax ^^c^JyBo^rdfor the Assessment and the Revision Solved. The Luzerne County * g 10> 1<?69 at 7:00 p. M. in the of Taxes has schedui re pa. inorder to clarify the new laws for Hotel Sterling in Wilk®S’ “ ’ councils and boards of commissioners tax collectors, school boar , and supervisors. The agenda will include Francis M. Geisler, Chief of Municipal Statistics, Division of Department of Community Affair s, Commonwealth of Pennsylvania. Mr. Geisler has done considerable research on the various laws affecting taxing authorities. The discussion will cover the old versus the new tax calendar and will also cover additional steps that maybe taken to streamline the tax procedures. TEACHER FINED The March 3 issue of the Education U. S. A. carried this story. A Montgomery County (Md. ) teacher has been ordered to pay $6, 131 to udent who was injured when the teacher left her classroom for four imm^nie>KnifnUteSj The Judge ruled that the county board of education's immunity from damage suits does not extend to its teachers. THOUGHTS FOR TODAY The average woman has a smaller stock of words than the ordinary man, but the turnover is greater. Judge a man not by his clothes, but by his wife's clothes. PUBLICATION ■^his ^.nd mquiries ^Stitute of Re„-^d monthly as a community service "al AffairS) J be addressed to Affairs of Wilkes College. Notes es College Wilk" Mailey, Institute of Re' s Barre. Pennsylvania 18703 Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania VOL. xvn, NO. 5, WILKES COLLEGE, WILKES-BARRE, PA., jfiWs.WF ANNUAL DINNER The Seventeenth Annual Dinner for Award and Certificate win­ ners will be held at the New Dormitory at Wilkes College on Tuesday, May 27, 1969. at 6:00 P.M. We We expect expect to to make make this this a gala occasiok for local officials and local government employees in Northeastern Pennsylvania, particularly in Luzerne County, This Dinner really brings to a climax the year's activities in local government which the Institute of Regional Affairs has conducted. The main speaker of the evening will be the Honorable Joseph W. Barr, Jr. , Secretary of the Department of Community Affairs. This Department, which became operational on July, 1966, has as its primary role a strong institutional channel for a working relationship between the State and the Community relating to the entire community develop­ ment picture. It is expected that Secretary Barr will have a timely message for all interested in local community problems. LOCAL AFFAIRS DEPARTMENTS State governments should establish offices for local affairs which are directly responsible to the governors, the Council of State Governments recommended recently. This proposal was one of a series issued by the council to help state governments assist their cities with urban problems. efforts The local affairs offices would COOJda^ Votld serve as ; an inof municipalities to solve common pro e ,al grant programs formational center for federal, state, an serve as clearing- and application procedures. The offices houses for information on experim-nta p amg, evaluate programs, and advise the governor and the legis a flexible block grant approach in awarding The council favors with provisions to assure fair allocations to federal funds to the states, It feels that federal grant programs should be coiocal governments. �ordinated lations shou officials. - and that federal guidelines and regu_ , agencies, tly after consultation with state and lOCal stablished onl. , u if necessary,, change their laws and constishould, it 11 ______ ___ local and metro, The states ■xistence oi cooperative co H d j agencies --------- ?jlit the ei—and tax and debt capacities should rule power J tutions to Permt\ L^.-rfs. Home iicipalities# P"u,“ mted W to also be grar > states should adopt statutes coorcouncil felt the Finally. the and should participate in programs to -r activities dinating local.* housing’ housing, rehabilitation, and other reand middle income develop low a— newal activities. GOOD CITIZENS PROGRAM • lifted in the same way, and some are capable Not everyone is ■ dgment fn matters of government than °IhbetterB^daUcttniZens, according to their capacity, should try to put f effect in their own lives the following program suggested by Father James Keller of the Christophers under the heading: Government Is Your Business; To inquire into the management of public affairs. 1. 2. To pray for those in public office. To encourage those with character and competence to dedi­ 3. cate themselves to careers in public service. 4. To study the records of the candidates. 5. To participate in political meetings. 6. To stimulate others to vote. 7. To consider legitimate political activity as a moral obliga tion to God and Country. 8. To vote for those, regardless of party, who stand for the heritage of free constitutional government. Following from high 6 graduation ■ uauiun Horn high school k and upon discharge kept his National Service Lif/i 6ntered th'e Army polled in an Ohio university, receiving r'^lart He then graduation, he married a Public Health nurse, bought a fa Upon ern Ohio with an FHA loan. ght a farna m south- Later going into the feed-and-hardware business in adrl't-farming, he secured help from the Small Business Administration wh his business faltered. His first baby was born in the county hospital This was built in part with Hill-Burton (Act) federal funds. P Then, he put part of his land under the Eisenhower soil-bank program and used the payments for not growing crops to help pay his debts. His parents, elderly by now, were living comfortably in the smaller of his two farm homes, using their Social Security and old-age assistance checks. Medicare covers most of their doctor and hospital bills. Lacking electricity at first, the Rural Electrification Adminis­ tration supplied the lines, and a loan from the Farmers Home Admin­ istration helped clear the land and secure the best from it. That agency suggested building a pond, and the Government stocked it with fish. The Government guaranteed him a sale for his farm products. The county public library delivered books to his farm door. He, of course, banked his money in an institution which a federal agency had insured. . . . As the community grew, he signed a petition seeking federal assistance in developing an industrial project to help the economy of his area. About that time, he purchased a business and real estate at the county seat, aided by an FHA loan. His children in college received financial assistance from the Federal Government, his son under the National Defense Student Loan Program and his daughter under the Nurse Training Act. Both lived in dormitories and studied in classrooms paid for with federal funds. He was elected to office in the local chamber of commerce. FEDERAL HELP A s' _ story 'by Senator Stephen M. Young points up how much a pa3"l unaware of American life Goveri \ — --nment assistance has become--and how people6 Pk are6 ° off-the benefits they receive. In a newsletter to his coMtihXt s> e Ohio Democrat related the following: A little later it was rumored he joined a cell of th® J°h”^pS^ Society and also the Liberty Lobby, both right-wing anting outlandishly false statements. housing his parents in a low-cost public schoolCounty (Ohio). He attended a public e he free school bus, enjoyed the free-lunch program. (fovern. e wrote his Senators and Congressman denouncin NafiOns, high -pending, medicare, big government, the Umted Nat » etc. , and enclosed John Birch propaganda pamphlet., so» He wrote: A young man lived with t- "I believe in ru8ged individualism. n two feet, not expect Government aid. I their Qn my own two feet. �The I.R.A. News-letter I —1 have been voting for and de trends you all those socialist • ■ - I and my neighbors in_ -.enterprise system. L I oppose -n to the free-emand return this year. " vote against you t- • tend to v — NAP for business expenditures to irnproive f fax credits A program Mpov.rish.d neighborhoods^Pennsylvania is ~ s now underithorized by Act 292 of 1967, was broadconditions 1 n, originally autway. The program isiderably by Act 231 of 1968. ened in scope cons. Department of Community Affairs, the agency The Pennsylvania has recently is sued regulations for tax creadministering the program, dit eligibility­ The purpose of the Neighborhood Assistance Program is to: (1) Improve impoverished neighborhoods, 2) Provide job training, education and community services to individuals in impoverished neighborhoods, or (3) Prevent crime and delinquency. Although the primary purpose of the program is to directly in­ volve the problem-solving capabilities of business in community im­ provement projects, business participation through contributions to eli­ gible, nonprofit neighborhood organizations may also be acceptable for a tax credit. Such contributions, in order to be eligible, must in the opinionof the Secretary of the Department of Community Affairs comply with the purpose of the Act. THOUGHTS FOR TODAY In the old days, when a man finished a day's work he needed a rest; now he needs some exercise. A moonlighter is a man who holds both day and night jobs so that e can drive from one to the other in a better car. VOL- XVII, NO. 6, WILKES COLLEGE, WILKES-BARRE, pA., JUNE 15, 1969 SEVENTEENTH ANNUAL DINNER At the Seventeenth Annual Dinner of the Institute of Regional Af­ fairs, 609 Certificates of Attainment were awarded to local government officals and employees who completed prescribed courses, seminars, and workshops during 1968-69. This brings to 3,516 the number that has earned Certificates from the Institute since 1951. The courses offered during the past accademic year included the following: Advanced Com­ munications, Arson Detection, Auxiliary Police, Basic Communications, Civil Law, Community Leadership, Community Planning, Control Center Operations, Dynamics of Regional Affairs, Fundamentals of Fire Fight­ ing, Hydraulics, Medical Self Help, Light Duty Rescue, Principles of Purchasing, Radiological Monitoring, Radiological Refresher, RuralAssessment, Small Arms, Street and Highway Maintenance. Service Awards were presented to an additional 50 local govern­ ment officials and employees in Northeastern Pennsylvania for their con­ tributions and dedicated service to local government in their communi­ ties. The Annual Service Plaque to the outstanding local government official was presented to Ruben H. Levy who served as the Chairman of the Wyoming Valley Sanitary Authority through its formative years from 1962 through 1967. The Plaque was presented to Mr. Levy in gra e u recognition of his accomplishments and service in providing ea. ers; 1 and developing a spirit of common responsibility among t e our e munities which originally incorporated the Authority and nine ad customer communities of the Authority- PUBLICATION originated in th6^!316?461^’ publisbed monthly as a community se* . g «in, iX “Regional Affairl of Wilkes College. N»‘ J ^•U«a't.XeeessadCo nSSe'! °rVCollege, Wilkes-Barre, InS‘itUt18?0P ,e87° 3 Pennsylvania In his his editorial editorial on on Mr. Mr. Levy Levy on In B1gler of WBRE-TV stated, "Things don t ge because they need doing, or because some y °ne has to take the time and make the effort, M°re often than not, he has done his work e not, recognition and without any other rewar made this a better place for all of us. " th^ community just ^em Some. Levy has done. sceneS and without satisfaction of having �COMMUNITY LEADERSHIP al Affairs of Wilkes College received a The Institute of EduCation Act for the express purpose ant under Title I of the Hig probiems of Democracy teachers conducting .emiwrs lor C included approximately thirmNorth«.su"^rn Pennsylvania. ty-five teachers in of the grant was to acquaint Social Science The general Purp0S°nal roblems and suggested solutions to the teachers with specific reg1 objectives of the Seminar were; a) to acproblems. The more with reports, surveys, and studies requaint the social sCie"“ g of Northeastern Pennsylvania; (b) to make the lating to regional pro emk^o^iedgeabie concerning the solutions which social science teac ers^ profc)lems; c) to prOmote and encourage have beensugges e thrash out ideas on regional problems with the social scie"“ eQafCthe gOvernmental and non-governmental agencies the represen irr.orovement; d) to create a contact between the teachen8aa8neddtherea8geOncy representatives which could be an enduring source of enlightenment lo b°rb as to their problems and possibilities for their so- lution; .) to assist th. social science teachers x„ developing sjsy labus on regional problems and solutions in order that they will be able to de­ velop a unit of teaching on metropolitan problems which will become a part of the high school curriculum. Materials were organized into a fact file, condensed and non-interpretive, to encourage analysis of regional problems. The topics selected for the seminar, as suggested by an advisory panel of social science teachers and agency representatives , were planning, social wel­ fare, industrial growth, local government, environment and appearance. SEMINAR The Institute of Regional Affa' three year sequence of a Title I progr^Xt'* *i' « community leaders. lth three distinct groups Qf The Community Leadership Seminar was designed; (1) to assist public and civic leader s to prepare for and to assume important volunteer responsibilities with governmental and non-governmental organizations t0 promote sound area development; (2) to provide an opportunity for leadership to the many civic and community agencies to thrash out ideas and to examine the broad range of alternatives based on facts; and, (3) to broaden the outlook of community and area leaders on the inter-re­ latedness of area problems. The seminar format was used to bring together nationally known authorities and local resource personnel involved in the problems. This permitted lively, quick-moving, conference sessions, rather than a for­ mal approach to the subjects. Every participant was provided with a fact file, condensed and non-interpretive, to encourage interpretation, evaluation, and recom­ mendations. A syllabus of facts onthe subject to be discussed was sent to the participants a week before the session. The fact file consisted of (1) readings - general and local on sessions topics; (2) quotes and ex­ cerpts; and, (3) discussion guides. Each participant was required to summarize and forward to the Program Director the main ideas which he gathered from each session. These were compiled at the end of the Seminar for purposes of evaluation. Topics for the sessions were: (1) Planning for what?; (2) Environment and appearance; (3) Social welfare; (4) Manpower problem; (5) Education; and, (6) Governmental Leadership. MANUAL FOR SECRETARIES The purpose of this pro' granted a contract to the ° prepare a Municipal Secretary's Manual, enough to serve the secret Pr°V^e a manual which is comprehensive class townships within th a^les °i cities, boroughs, and first and second taries with a how-to-do-it t Ornrnonwealth, and to provide these secreln meeting the obligations gUide f°r the Performance of their duties 610ns of their office. •As one phase of P r o i e r f- ’ n^Ues^onna^res are beingmailedsecC1• i. y clerks ofs local retaries or t" ‘’s> as well as thg°Ve^nment units. The Department of Community Affair tainlY aPpreciate y°ur cooperationnS itute of Regional Affairs, willcerons for the ™n Hiking this project a success. R anual, send them tQ the Institute of mailing costs of state and local governments On March 10, 1969, Robert G. Edgerton, CPPO, President of the Pennsylvania Association of Public Purchasing Agents, and Purchasing Agent of Luzerne County, Wilkes-Barre, wrote to NIGP: "Enclose Piease find a copy of a letter I have written to the Postmaster enera . 1 would like your opinion on this matter, and if you think it has W™;. you flight publish a paragraph in the NIGP members and they too migh « letter so their gov.r.m.nt entities eonld proht fro™ .t I be "axions to hear whether this subject ha. ever come up Previously. " �> postmaster Winton M. Blount reads as fetter to r Luzerne County, Pennsylvania . Edgerton's Mr basing Agen dQ. and L too, aim to save t^ has the Pure follows: ;nt depart^ j can save government monies is a governmeiI manage in which I fee investigation and ultimate change One area dollars. "b^t'this will require po mail at a rate of j. 4 In mailing ___ ------- ’ 1icies. Non-pr°flt g include local governments, must "'^^/rate. Other group*, aps as labor unions may use the in pos — bUlk Trate of 3. b6 cents. 1 (rivilege rate surely this privileg NEWS-LETTER Mkes_collegejvilkes-barre, be extended to governments sup- the new look Have you noticed the IRA News-Letter’s NEW LOOK? Under Chapter 1, Section 134.5 of the Postal Regulation, mu­ nicipalities, countiesand states do not qualify as non-profit organizations under bulk mailing rules and regulations. This rule should be revised so that all governmental agencies qualify. The differential on the samllest bulk rate for non-profit organizations is .014, and commercial organiza­ tions, under which governmental agencies are classified, in . 03b per piece. This differential in many governmental agencies could amount to a substantial dollar value in a given year. Nothing matters when the s-letter arrives each month except to dig right in to satisfy your hunger for its stimulating enlightenment and its "corny” wit. As faithful readers of the IRA News-letter may have noted, there is a new look about the publication. Note the new masthead! Distinctive? The new reproduction process! Compatible to the bri I lance of the World? The' new means of reproduction has been adopted to make for easier understanding of the deathless prose normally contained herein. The new format proves that the ease and beauty of our age never ceases. We hope you like the change. Since the birth of the Institute in 1951. there have been many changes, and, we trust, all for the better. The original Institute of Municipal Government confined its programs largely to local government, and the Luzerne County News-letter, was zeroed on that target. As the reputation of the Institute spread, and the realization dawned that problems in the County are problems of a wider region, It became the Institute of Regional Affairs. reason Another THOUGHTS FOR TODAY We are all in the gutter, but some of us are looking Of course you haven't! for the shift has been that the circulation of the News-letter has increased tremendously. at the stars. e new format will make it easier for the Institute to 8etthe News-letter to you on the scheduled date. first Dead1 year ag°' after a belated huzzah “The King is away 'd°r'S 'iVe the King!”, the old publication passed It is not necessary to repeat gossip if you speak clearly the time. toref,an a new one appeared as the I.R.A. News-letter y^eCt ^'S new regi°nal response. Man has evolved so that he can walk straight, but his eyes keep swinging from limb to limb. ; JULY 4, 1969 SOLID WASTE STUDY ported by the people-" Mrh I feel should be re-evaluated is the criteria "Another area W h to bulk mail. In my County, this reclassi. for first class3 ^dPre°SSult in a savings of $14, 000. Why should the taxfication alone W v° ate to the Postal Department which is supported by ment departments which are non-profit payer pay a 1higher rate tax dollars?’ ho'uW cooperatei"">'thodsof savi”S ‘hemoneyol thetazorganizations ETleelXlident Uat you will investigate the proposal and hope payer. - -you will agree. penna. progrej NEW L00l< complies with I.R.A.’s pattern of future?’ We trust it will add a bit of seasoning to ure menus. The Luzerne County Planning Commission has taken preliminary steps for a proposed Solid Waste study for Luzerne County. The Commission has recommended to the County Commissioners that they apply for a grant of $24,000 from the Pennsylvania Department of Health and submit an application for financial assistance to the United States Department of Housing and Urban Development. It is estimated that the proposed cost of the study, according to the Com­ mission consultants, will be $48,000. The County's share of the study may range from $8,000 to $24,000, contingent on HUD approval. JOINT PURCHASING An annual saving of $53,000 will be realized collectively by the municipalities that are buying their gasoline through the joint purchasing plan of the County of Bergen, Hackensack, New Jersey. This was announced recently by Freholder Frank A. Buono, Jr., Chairman of the General Services Committee. The project has grown from 16 participating towns in 1968 to 49 so far this year. The bid price for premium gasoline this year, based on the combined county and municipal needs of over two million gallons is 13.90 cents per gallon. This price, said Mr. Buono, is only three-one hundredths of a cent higher than last year. He termed this a "negligible increase in the face of a basic industry-wide increase of almost one-and-onequarter cent at the bulk consumer level.” The municipal government share of the 2,076.000 gallons of gasoline involved in this year’s bid is 1,600.000 gallons or almost 80 percent of the total, Mr. Buono noted, as he praised the work of Robert A. Belmonte, Purchasing Director, in coordinating the joint purchasing project. DEMINERALIZATION PLANT PUBLICATION orThis Newsletter Institute of community service 1 published monthly as a j\ToteS iginated in the gional Aff^5 be n^nessedTn Affairs of Wilkes College. and inquiries of Re' Affairs—- Wilkes GolC? t DrV. Mailey, Instituted' ~ ----i™ a 18703 Wilkes College, Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania PLANNING survey The United St; So'Fprnent i/ SUrveT ho. ates Department of Housing and Urban has ; approved $125,000 Federal advance n Planning ffor or a proposed low and moderate enewa| . ln® Project for the 44-acre Oxford Urban >i|y Area 'n Hanover Township. The project is one of rehabilitation with 201 buildings to be Rehabilitated and 70 buildings proposed ‘“IT the !rn°lished? exe<tution' HUD has placed in escrow $1,295,000 °f the proposed project. Signing of the contracts by Governor Raymond Shafer on behalf of the Commonwealth, authorizing the Westinghouse Electric Corporation to build the world world’s convert acid mine first facility in Hanover Township to drainage waste into pure water, constitutes a miles o e in local history as well as for industry. This couldI be the possible beginning of a new surge in industrial development in Northeastern Pennsylvania. Conceived as a means of abating acid mine water pollution of the Susquehanna River, the plant w. 11 take �by “investigators,” formerly called regional colleges. or rraoNAL subasses. 's0rSi at I He concluded that he foresees the da future, when tax rate the n when the the tax rate in in this this area Z* and industrial industrial enterprises enterprises will will yie|d $r c°mmer(.E’ income because ? because of of the the demand demand for for the th land by these businesses. °r expansi’* affairs NEWSLETTER No. 18 monthly This News-leoro [he institute the Institute of —. Notes Notes an a community servic , College. Regional Affairs of Wilkes ,“Dr. Hug0 Hugo V. inquiries may be a f^egjonal Affairs. Mailey rTgTwilkeV-Barre, Pennsylvania 18703 WilkeSC°sSip2n free upon request. MODEL CITIES The Model Cities Policy Board of the CJty of Wilkes Barre has received the results and the data from? diagnostic survey as a preliminary to app|icatiOn J federal funds for both short-range programs. The basic document which ha1 is divided into such categories as teducation, hOuPjJ income maintenance, social services, portation, health, crime and juvenile delinqu?' the place of the abandoned Loom.s Blue Coal Corporation b the treatment plant and^aste^.g^ p|ant together po|lution will go far beyond creating the steam to operate the control device. In will be generated tor treatment system, electric power ' lcr, a mineral sludge of marketing. In purifying the water, be created for possible will be created at an initial volume of five-mill ion gallons a day with a potential volume of twenty-five- million gallons per day. Governor Raymond Shafer signed two contracts with Westinghouse at a total figure not to exceed S142,200,000. The initial plant operation is scheduled for July, 1971. The Governor stated that the State would pay for the plant with funds from its $500,000,000 land and water conservation bond issue. RISING LAND VALUES Thomas P. Garrity, Director of Luzerne County Board of Assessors, stated that the economy of the region is growing so rapidly that some parcels of land are becoming increasingly in demand for commercial and industrial use, thus offering a potential for increased property tax revenues. Garrity said personnel of the assessors office arg streamlining the entire assessment program with the cX7y Daft^P“7 C°mmiSSiOnerS and the couldresuk in i 7 Pr°gram which eventually f°r Pr'Vate or residential . Property owners. complete^ile sy'sTemVatHn7edlnoUOdUCed Garrity 'S a W'H eventually include alhnt Pr°Cessing’ which eventually include and building in Luzerne Coun^^ °f eVery residance °f ne'gbborhoods and background'^ photograPhs the b°ard of assessors 0ffigrro°Und||data’ He explained suPPly vital information to V attorneys for a a Positi°" to and «- Xi*? sessions and h ’ Garnty has undertake P lous iack of employment. There are also statements of ad an< tive structure and budget, research and ev"?'5^ and programs, over-view of citizen participation ati<" participation, prehensive relocation plans, and a summary of the””' summary of the year action programs. °ne’ The program as outlined in the document r requires tintensive study of existing conditions in ■1 order to identify problems and isolate their causes. ma nAGEMENT innovator 1969 issue of the IRA Newsletter, February ce *as made to the new and very important role O6„.. It was suggested that he should be referen?ity manager; je of urban catalyst, a sort of coordinator aSsigne<J “i“and professional resources as he recommends oftechnic3 the elected officials which he serves, ositive p0"his new role presupposes that the manager Of coUrSe’hing and somebody to coordinate. It also has soniet that the local government has technical presupP°sej | reSources in the first place. 968 the International City Managers’Association ln d an annual awards program to recognize managers initiate jficant innovations in municipal government Slgngnt - a The role of a neW new role of innovatornanageme upposes more than merely doing things presupposes i'"1°Vat°riv although this is important in and of itself, differently» ____------------------------- ------------- m. . . f, person can be b- innovative without necessarily being at the local government level would C,edoubt be accelerated if some creativity were injected 00 it Failing that, a little innovation could go a long 'nt° But, as Pamela A. Cohen, Editorial Assistant of Public Management, states in the March 1969 issue, “a four-pronged tool opens the door to progress - two-way flow of communication, empathy, open-mindedness, and The social services component of the t document I representative leadership.” Of course, this new role makes reference to two specific areas which perhaps presupposes that both the manager as innovator and the are not general public knowledge: (I) the need fe representative leadership as listener communicate with social services, and (2) discrimination. In thefirstis each other with a sense of humor. indicated an obvious lack of coordination betwee: [ When Thomas W. Richards ended his second term as existing social service agencies and also an underChairman of the Arlington County (Va.) Board, he listed utilization of the social services by the people. Mud the selection of the County Manager as the most important of this is due to the fragmentation of the administration action of his administration. Throughout the country, of the social services and the inconvenient locations officials like Mr. Richards share with the manager the of the facilities. responsibility for management innovation. How do these In the second one, that of discrimination, methods officials view the importance of general management to will have to be provided to eliminate the incidencediscrimination based on race in all areas of community life, and to develop mutual respect and good re atio ships between the races. Unbelieveable as it may a Human Relations Commission will have to e peopk for the City of Wilkes-Barre. The fact that more in hr consider racial discrimination a greater pro e 'of rhe dif model cities neighborhoods than in the reSt G n of bl’cl may be accounted for by the concentratio iseholds 1,1 households in the area. Of 283 blac the city, 111 are concentrated in the area. -s mo" I indicate* The diagnostic survey data also in the r^ than i■ jnkenesS unwed mothers in the model city area_ arrests for dr^' of the City. However, statistics on a., public ; i are *e and the rates of persons receiving -*oblerns confirms the fact that these two pro of the prevalent in this area than in the rest c- assiS‘aJ C"y’ ThJ It is not surprising that the area has jities*" model is the reason for its selection as a ’e'.as f shortt-rang ­ hood. The objective of both the '-roble'1', ar e,h(i( convert Prl , .^1 long-range programs is to h area5 I call such ‘ model areas. Perhaps to model ccitieswait^Z re-making and re-creation r to \is a misnomer. IIt might be better, before d fruition the programs have come to Lthem as model cities areas. city problem solving? The comment of five mayors sorving in all kinds and sizes of cities from 72,000 to 506,000 are found in the March 1969 issue of Public Management. the"?er comments of Mr. Richards, former Chairman of residJ?gtfn County Board, serve as good advice for resider,ts of Luzerne County. •«r- - b°ard o^f A^earS' exPer'ence a$ a member of the County as Board ?lngton County, Virginia, including two terms BLoard Chai, N the c a'rrnan. have convinced me of the viability Countiescounty 0Ur,ty manager form of government for urban •s. experimentation and Problem solving. "Arlington’s in my estimation,Afreet r« these demands is Arlington has oper?e°f 8°Ver~ S'nce 1932. The clear definYt „n ?Unty manag<* form Legislature establishing the county7 °f Virginia for Arlington, has led to a basic X manager government that the Board initiates and setsTinityfundersta"dmg government and that the count? P 'Cy for the county policy through a professional staT^ 'mplements that nas felt secure in addressing in an objective way the He isemablend °PP°rtU.nitieS that confront the community. He is able, without fear of adverse political pressure to present problem solutions in an atmosphere that is conductive to both Board and community understanding, uch understanding has led to program acceptance and accomplishment. "Strengthening the county manager’s role in Arlington occurred at a time when sister jurisdictions in the Washington metropolitan area, frustrated by their inability to solve the critical issues before them, experimented with new urban county forms of government that reduced the manager’s role and opened local government to additional political influence. "The Arlington experience, in my opinion, demon­ strates the utility of the county manager form in con­ fronting today's local government problems. This form has much to offer other urban counties as they struggle with current problems. The essence of the Arlington experience is to leave politics at the courthouse doorstep, address policy at the elected official level, and I eave the day-to-day work to competent professionals.” The comments of Milton H. Graham, Mayor of Phoenix, Arizona are well worth noting by the residents of Wilkes-Barre. “The classical definition of a manager’s relationship with the city council revolves around the concept of a professional making recommendations on administrative matters to the elected body. To transform recommenna­ tions into implementation, the city council must first respond to the initiative of the city manager and then be capable of providing the political leadership> necessary to inform and "sell” these innovative measures “Arli, during these eight years experienced ‘hanSe fr0gon “ 11 eXciting ara relatively sleepy suburban community to ^and dramatic role as part of the core of the community. litiral leadership, the manager “Without adequate political P ,£ js '"°uge vy 'n^ton metropolitan area. Accompanying asSoci=,. '°c'ated8 d* --.s- usua usual' pressures pressures and ana tensions tens>iuo» and u..u and emands Is for increased community facilities dditionally, the citizens demanded that side expand its ---» role into areas heretofore conand -te or or semi-public, such as special health agenda he prepare $the —s and preschooling activities. dei mands for community services increased, 1 kept Pace and has frequently been a leader the ftetropoiitaj metropolitan region and nationwide in would be working m a va^ul^ |d further than the doubtful that h^^^'^^uncH. another t0 “For this rea* n’ “responsibility. If a manager managers total resp an adequate the city [hat his city does n that is finds structure to Proce h take, the manager pol itical innovative steps he mig^ gncourage the vital to any do all that is should then, of adequate formation c. This involves Luncil. and city nf,iitical communication. the mayor, �is fostered. concept a team ; office to manager's the city > and innova­ | expect a responsive ■■As may°r’ initiative in1 building t- selection of the present city take the i success has mization. Our this basis. His ! number ot tive orgai was made on of a great manager ' ihievement c Aggressive r council. - city we have had made pcsuccess ' objectives !_:~n the key to any been of ?' Phoenix. ” innovation has the problems c..' * in approaching Clearly defined and that ’-S^bXthe YOUTH HANDBOOK .... ng people understand their community, iderstand their u,c To ___help „ y°vunCounty (Md.) Council has released a S v ._ ) Council has ri 71-page handbook, Guide for Citizens and the Montgomery C "A Guide for Young Young C their The handbook be used as a 71-pageParents. -----” handbook will will be supplementary text for seventh and tenth grade social seventh and U..... studies classes in the County school system for a the County course entitled, "Citizenship and Law.” The booklet was prepared with the advice of the Enforcement and and Criminal criminal Justice — Commission. Law Enforcement The four-part handbook outlines in question-and-answer ”t handbook outlines form the local government structure in Montgomery local government County (pop. 418,000), County laws and how they are enforced, treatment of juveniles under the law, 39 agencies in the County that offer community services to youths and their parents, and “tips for teens” which includes a list of 100 potential employers selected at random from County business firms. The booklet also includes a glossary of legal terms, a bibliography on narcotics and drugs, and true-false quizzes for class­ room use. ACIR - FEDERAL SUPPORT The Advisory Commission on Intergovernmental Relations (ACIR), after a year-long study of "State Aid o Local Government,” has proposed that the federal government assume "full financial responsibility” for tan iaH?TfnCe ,and the StateS assume “sub­ schools^ ih eCt /fed0"?'"'168 ,0Cal capacity to beuet me!/0Vernment the fiscal ACIR declares are a ore eXpenSes’ which the re a pressin2 national problem, the states and local governments should Speaking of C°nt'nue minister these programs. ••nh°0|s,A'; f Chairman Farris Bryant emphasizes that authority and the opportunity forr f P0|'Cy/Cl; enrichment should be retained at the I Urther i 3'". though the state should assume al schOo|' The study has led the Commission t0 make - C0S|i. of additional recommendations: (I) States should bujld greater ?JUa|RatiOn their aid programs for local health services and facilities; h Return Postage Guaranteed NEWS-LETTER . I -1 and<; (2) The federal government should revarri|'» its h,.. way aid program to provide a new state primary highways, urban : sVsttn,. | streets and rural roads and highways; ar|d roa;. j more populous states (3) The financial assistance for the acquisition, j. I provement, and operation of mass transportat;.. I facilities; shouW PronJ (4) should restructure their highway 5.j programs to recognize more directly highway needs, the extent of urban finance ability to meet these needs, and variations • local fiscal capacity; States (5) States should amend their constitutional a-1 statutory “anti-diversion” provisions so as < I permit the application of highway user fundsql broaden transportation needs, transportation facilities; including (6) States should develop detailed guidelines':" evaluating the effectiveness of both federalr: state aid programs; (7) States should establish guidelines for assess!:; the ability of local units of government!: provide essential public services and facilities. THOUGHTS FOR TODAY WILKES COLLEGE, WILKES-BARRE, VOL. SHORT COURSES of Regional Affairs will begin its The with a variety of short courses for eighteenth year officials and public employees. Fourteen courses public are included in the diversified in-service training pro­ courses will again be available to police, gram. Short magistrates, civil defense workers, and public firemen, _ ,r’ ;----- . Three new courses - accident in­ works employees. vestigation, public works equipment management, and sewage plant operation — will be offered for the first Institute. time. Eight civil defense courses are scheduled to begin Enrollment for the courses can be September 9, 1969. made by calling the Institute at Wilkes College - ex- tension 229. The Institue of Regional Affairs is most fortunate to have the cooperation of Mr. Fred Miller, Director of the Public Service Institute, in making these courses available to local government officials. The P.S.l. has assisted the I.R.A. in planning the in-service training program for each of the seventeen years it has been conducted. The human brain is the greatest example of unemp.ment. It’s fine to see yourself as others see you, but it's far better to see others as they see themselves. IRA NEWSLETTER Institute of Regional Affairs Wilkes College Wilkes-Barre, Pa. 18703 AUG 2 0 ;969 Non-P'ofil i Organiza*'®" ' u.s.po^ PAID growth conference The public is again invited to attend and participate FpremNINTH annual COMMUNITY GROWTH CONNlCE t0 be held at Wilkes College on Wednesday, September 24, 1969. ..The general purpose of the Conference is to pro­ V|de local officials and the general public with the in­ formation to deal with the emerging issues 'hatatisenecessary in the -.4 redevelopment of Northeastern Pennsylvania, he Conferences of the past have been successf“l in r,nging together local government and civic i?auizati '0' ■ f n.s n their . Ie Cce wi|1 'ea<3ership with nationally known authorities sThe theme for this year's Conference sm.” Th The e jtwo wo p panels ane|s se sett up for the Condiscuss Mass Transit and Solid Waste Among the speakers who have already ^nvitations to speak at the Conference are. i0c'ation '"enbrand, Executive Director, National Pf Solid So|id'°W a0ff Coun Counties; W,° ties; Albert J. Klee, Chief, Bureau pT'^Sor p:°fessor. c Gr?e.. St,e Nlanagement, Ma1aSement, H.E.W.; Maurice Shapiro, c'.^rgh: r i.Uate Sch°ol of Public Health, University of 1 Armond, General Manager, M NAR|< t ranSlt Authority. TrmLDATE °N your CALENDAR. I$SSPdSEpTE( ■r’BER 24, 1969! New DON’T PENNA. __ AUGUST 15, 1969 COPLAY-WHITEHALL The most most recent recent illustration illustration of of the the ever-widening rinfluence and reputation of the I.R.A. is the prepara. ------...a I.R.A. is the tion of a Personnel Policy Manual which has been delivered to the Coplay-Whitehall Sewer Authority in Lehigh County. TU The manual " ~ “.ucl was requested by the Director of the I.R.A. at a rsectional ' workshop of the Pennsylvania Municipal Authorities .* Association ____ ____ i at Hershey in November, 1968. The contents of the Manual are tailored specifically for the Authority on the basis of I.R.A. staff research and on-the-spot conferences. It also reflects the fore­ sight of the Authority Board to lay the groundwork for future growth and expansion of its operations. Consist­ ing of a position classification plan, individual job descriptions, policies, rules, and regulations, it has been distributed to all Authority members and to every current employee. SPENDING FOR WHAT? "NASA has spent a total of $50 billion since Sputnik appeared in the skies on October 4, 1957, half of which has gone toward the Apollo program. Much has been quite rightly said about the irony of spending billions getting to the moon while the mass of humanity at home lives in a stew of exploding population, poverty and pollution. But all that will be but as a pinprick in our hide, should we seriously decide to strike out for the planets. They are more than a hundred times more re­ mote than the moon in distance, in time, in economic and human cost. The time of decision is here, and the euphoria of the moment - however understandable it may be — must not be allowed to obscure our judgment. The Nation 7-28-69 HOUSING HOUSING - RECORD RECORD AND OUTLOOK National policy, first proclaimed in the Housing Act of 1949, remains "a decent home and suitable living environment for every American family.” Despite twenty years of experience, billions spent, and an increase in the number of families„ to be housed, the average annual of experience, starts iber in the of families sixties was lower than in the previous the such sixties was record lower in a decade remarkable decades. Why a poor Why such a poor record in a o nf housing and urban developfor an unprecedented volume of housing of imaginative ment legislation and the large number measures incorporated in the legislation? �__ affairs 0F regional V. Haile/. newsletter VOL. XVII august 15, 1969 NO. 8 .ublished monthly as a ___ s in the Institute of -s College. Notes aand Regional Affairs of Wilkes dressed to Dr. Hugo V. x:sDi^n^ <of Regional Affairs. ..Pennsylvania 18703 WlkeSCS;2XXn request. Morton J. Schusshe7 ^to/sonJ explanations in University of Pennsylvan , gconomic Develop- available to stimulate housing production to such factors (|) Housing, particularly for low-income groups, involves extremely controversial social and political issues — civil rights, open housing, as a tool for dispersing or for further con­ centrating large-city ghettos, and redistribution of income through subsidized housing for lower-income groups. (2) The Congress has been much readier to pass legislation than to provide funds for im­ plementing the legislation. (3) The cumbersome governmental bureaucracy, concerned with housing at federal, state, and local levels, has been unable to respond adequately to the needs of the times. (4) Generally high interest rates and recurring credit crunches raised financing costs, while technological innovations are inhibited by archaic codes and labor practices. rnmr°feSS°i Schussheim details specific areas of short- I”"” ■ sound to induce larger efforts as well as Peopie. The emphasis on rehabilitation, national housing Partnership, turnkey ,P“bl“ housing construction, in! terest and and r ' ^elDpment-cX;^-signs of “,ht d^1'1 in the sixties ’s could not attainment of the original no likelihood of a burst of comparable slow-down rENt withholding in performance level. On the contrary, th high housing goals, many new tools, social’ and institutional machinery which could mCial ln*< set mean the 'S volume production conducive to the Original goal set in 1949. "a| long^l ence of extensive substandard housing, The eX'7urban areas, is a problem of the highest rtku|arlyPennsylvania. The great variety of federal ^ority in mS available, here as elsewhere, basically Cing Prograthe voluntary action of some local govern- Professor Schussheim’s p —----prognosis js lnhat with absorption and integration of the new thg pr°gram policies evolved during the sixties, °,Qiriss . and good management skills, and the streamiinj| ministrative procedures, the gap between fulfillment can be closed. Lnds up°n non-profit agency, or the individual propo . nriv*' orivate major gaps in the attack on blighted and of thehousing in this State has been the almost J*" subs*- lack of an effective method to induce landlords, Conpl£te refuse to eliminate blighted or subneglect or - -o 7conditions, to remedy them. Until recently about I standard CHAMBER TO BACK BUS SYSTEf • -•> weapon to compel action has been only legislative c the c-'“ The Richmond, Indiana, Chamber of Comm ' local authorities to declare a property a ithority of I to go into the bus business. James Carter Plans the sui health, and to compel improvement or ■ -, life or hazard to at the owner’s expense. For various of the Chamber, announced recently that the or the property had signed a contract with Richmond City Line'2*''0" razing' ' -t_:<- niirh authority has been little used by local reasons, this promising to provide management assistance and' governments. anteeing the company a profit for the year bep ?W'’ i Pennsylvaniai has now taken a forward step in its June 15, 1969. The Chamber is guaranteeing a profi/ committment to tdecent housing, by the enactment of a 6% of operating costs, not to exceed $7,500. The C r low” in 1966. Under its terms, if a "rent in excrow pany had about 700,000 fares in the past year wh? by a city or county dwelling is L certified -----■ . . ,as . "unfit for shewing a loss. The President of the Chamber statu human habitation”, the tenant may withhold rental pay­ that the goal is “to prove that an efficient transportatio- ments, which are paid instead into an escrow account system, responsive to the needs of the community, cat | apprOv’ed by the city or county until the conditions are WHN r- “ be profitable.” remedied. If the dwelling is still unfit after the lapse of six months, the escrow funds are returned to the tenant or used to make the needed repairs. THE CHURCH IS WITH IT This effective weapon has since 1968 been author­ In the January 15, 1968 issue of the IRA Newsletter, ized for all classes of cities in Pennsylvania, but, it was editorialized that institutionalized religion in unfortunately, not to boroughs and townships which also America has a poor record on metropolitan problems, sue , suffer from blight. as sponsoring low-rent co-operative housing for the A remaining difficulty is that standards to determine inner city poor. It was suggested that the Church in "unfitness for human habitation” are largely immeasur­ America had better recognize that “social redemption is able. But this, too, may be eliminatedby utilizing the as important as “personal salvation.” compliance provision of a municipality’s housing code, A local group of clergy and laymen has given serious bis would be a practical and effective tool to enable consideration to substantial participationi in meeting n- j ^ governments at last to fulfill their increasing challenge of blighted areas. Eccumenial Enterpu ■ committment to a decent home for every family. Inc., composed of a board of Protestant, EDUCATIONAL on a rehabilitation project in Wilkes-Barre. the financial EEI, a non-profit organization, which baSanton. Onman n Roma” ; support of the Protestant churches, the cr plans » Catholic Diocese and the Jewish cor"nW?y pur Kjrchasinf ,i serve low income family housing nee s dwelling 50 residential eyesores a year, rehabiI*tat^arnj||es. fm go')V£,t' : I ment mortgages at 3%. uilding ■ -s the bbu>ld in® n „„„ Ecumenical Enterprises, also mpoderate-in^ 'aa7tA-incoi' ,ee.„f j '/milies Is 1 complex which will house 200 income < 3 city- 7 type apartments for moderate of the .Jogn'1' • 10-acre site in the Heights section Pr°8rajerate-i,’cl’i/ new Heights housing development for the first time the growing need that pjth'er the 10 ' parks project An "educational --------1 park” clusters educational facilities in a c" — campus-like setting, utilizing centrally organized 'v'ninon Alkies & and drawing its student population f,°m the entire community, The varieti. advantages of educational parks are many and t Hie Educational Park facilities widen enr'chrr>ent of curriculum to serve ^orei ad6quat Y ec°nt)mica|iv7 needs of the individual child on an ^''dren and ,easible basis for the community. Gifted KSt0^rve th°W learners <=an find in it adequate facileducation 7 growth patterns and educational needs, t/^nity and Park reflects the diversity of the whole 6pOmniUnity’sP^V|ijeS eciually for the education of all in^°on/^^ariL He finds stability in attending family apartments, in view of the fact in the City 1 outk'^mmunit^k setting as lon£ as his family liveS serve has been directed to s< income or the elderly. pfj at all t' times during his 'ng; and he has the rschoolopportunity lationships with other' 7 to develop sound re­ r students fromi all community segments. speSnSSftanH; Can teach i" the field of his becoming the ma^eVTeX5510^^ ' as a teacher and teaching less-experienced teacher/ ispecific field contact with his pupils’ previous tea/ers He can be in and guidance counsellors. He will have an opportunity for high quality in-service training. the iBnSSo o^cSr'or/choot’"X greater number of pupils in one complex provides an opportunity to organize the schools most most advantageously for greater educational benefits. niageousiy For the community. Educational Parks can become the cultural center of the community; they can serve as facilities for meetings, recreation, . - • ----------- . adult education and training, museums, art centers, or health facilities, as well as servicing other community needs. Desegre­ gation also is a result of the reorganization of the school systems into educational parks and some educators believe that integration can be facilitated by this kind of school reorganization. HUD OFFICE AIDS SMALL TOWNS Earlier this year HUD established a new office of dmall communities to sharpen HUD’s focus on less populous communities and to improve the delivery of program information and technical assistance to small town officials. The Department has now issued a pamphlet on its Office of Small Town Services which describes HUD programs that aid small towns. The Office of Small Town Services within the Office of Metropolitan Development complements the activities of the Office of Demonstrations and Intergovernmental Relations, which works with all levels of government and progessional organizations to identify and meet com­ munity needs for specialized information and technical assistance. at 0 1 ’ Jewish clergy and layman, will soon put its co religious imagination to work on a housing complex and resell the houses to low-income purchaser of the dwellings would get 0 under a doctor’s direction 's school ’ ”e bas continuity of guidance throughTears; he has access to medical facilities FRINGE PARKING PROGRAMS The way has been cleared for States to apply for assistance in building fringe parking lots to keep.auto­ mobiles outside downtown areas and reduce rush hour traffic iams The Federal Highway Administration " sued ™ instructional memorandum outlining^procedures for a limited program "^ch States will acquire Highway Act of '968, , hi h land adjacentt to Fezderak d g. s for the construction existin r of fringe parking lots to De A sma|| number planned public transpo’’ta /thorized in order to evaluate Je^c^^w services. AMBULANCE SERVICE -V Civil Defense Control A recent survey by the County in Luzerne County revealed residents. Center on ambulance service currently service county that 39 ambulances c-..er firemen> Only two manned by �In a situation like this, the most imD policeman’s decision to give a ticket a°rtant factt labor record Northeastern Pennsylvania ’s boosters have frequently a questionable "image" of the area as one has more labor problems, more work stoppages; and chafed about man-days lost due to labor disputes. It just iisn’t that more And they're right, according to an analysis of data so,, they say. "work stoppages" recently made by EDCNP and based statistics published by the United States Department on Labor’s Bureau of Labor Statistics. Actually, the on ■e number of “ ofNew Northeast” shows up lowest in average r.—.._ .. ’ththe I l-year man-days idle per 1,000 employees over ; the Northeast period 1956-67, if Scranton is used as t..- . city. And if the Wilkes-Barre/Hazleton Area, combined And if theand identified under a generalI bureau is used as a with Scranton “Northeastern Pennsylvania” i_ heading as this area also makes a very creditable comparison, showing. District Focus 3-69 PULL OVER, BUDDY advice for drivers in the Cambridge, Here is some If drivers feel the urge to speed, Massachusetts area: n a stop sign, they should do their or are tempted to run a stop Somerville side of the Cambridgelawbreaking on the iuc. The police in Somerville are in­ Somerville border, traffic offenses; the police in Cambridge dulgent about t-----are not. This piece of practical driving wisdom is derived from a study by John A. Gardiner while he was a V. 0. Key Jr. Fellow of the Joint Center for Urban Affairs of M.l.T. and Harvard and reported in the July-August, 1969 issue of Transaction. In his study of 508 cities, towns, and townships with I960 populations of 25,000 or more, Mr. Gardiner found a very wide variation in the way police enforced traffic laws, as measured by the number of tickets issued in 1964, in cities of comparable size. While the lenient Somerville police wrote 750 tickets for a population of 100,000, the sterner police in adjoining Cambridge, also with a population of 100,000, wrote 5,457 tickets. encouragement that he received from his e, d to h' The researcher buttressed his assertion K°r <>V the ticketing rates in some cities when ? ^tra'"1 with different ideas about ticketing, assum.? ne* police chief. A new chief could always d th* off,'e centives to reduce the number of tickets w ■ Ce% f ^ritten,^ evident to the graduate observer that the r'tten’ k ' WILKES COLl f news-letter “ML the police chief is common knowledge alXpectati.n^ and file police officers. theN Mir. Gardiner also found two other C0Urt Procet^l , some impact of ticket issuance: population mobility. There is a tendency for "'-I volJlLLl---— tickets to be written in “first call u dties "here ? arresting officer must go to court on the i day e_ 1 in citi «thwhere] has been ordered to appear than in officer must appear where a motorist pleads He also found that cities with highly stable" not guilt, Populati-J had generally lower rates t' of ticketing ’ ‘ than citii Lies winA 1' high proportion of new residents. The study raises a number of basic questions 1 administration of justice. Are the police the best a™?? for enforcing traffic laws since the policeman's goal­ handing in enough traffic ticket violations to saw his superiors has little if anything to do with the munity’s goal of promoting traffic safety? If the nutt* of traffic tickets issued are contingent on the predilectioof the chief, how does this contribute to public safe;, if at all? Not only is the ticketing policy of lenientin one town and toughness in another bewildering torgeneral public, but also infringes upon the citizen right of ‘‘equal protection of laws” guaranteed in ft Fourteenth Amendment of the U. S. Constitution. HVM THOUGHTS FOR TODAY Legislators keep authorizing dreams and appropriate peanuts. A miser isn’t much fun to live with, but *1 wonderful ancestor he makes! growth MARK THIS Return Postage Guaranteed Non-P'°fit I Organiza"’" , U. s. p°sTAG 1 PA!Dpi WlkeS.'Bre3S5 permit N0-^, WILKES COLLEGE, WILKES-BARRE, PENNA CONFERENCE ON YOUR CALENDAR. DON’T , 19691! -- The Ninth Annual Growth Conference. Community C-----The general purpose of the Conference is to provide The I officials and the general public with the information l0Caessary to deal with the emerging issues that arise in the redevelopment of Northeastern Pennsylvania. The Conferences of the past have been successful in bringing together local government and civic organizations leadership with nationally known authorities in their fields. The theme for this year’s Conference is: “Regionalism.” The two panels set up for the Con­ ference will discuss Mass Transit and Solid Waste Management. Among the speakers who have already accepted invitations to speak at the Conference are: Bernard F. Hillenbrand, Executive Director, National Association of Counties; Albert J. Klee, Chief, Bureau of Solid Waste Management, H.E.W.; Maurice Shapiro, Professor, Graduate School of Public Health, University’of Pittsburgh; Joseph Armond, General Manager, New Castle Area Transit Authority; Edwin W. Bickhart, Chief, Mass Transportation Div., Dept, of Community Affairs; Joseph rmond, General Manager, New Castle Transit Authority; alph r, Widner, Executive Director, Appalachian Regional Commission. IRA NEWSLETTER Institute of Regional Affairs Wilkes College Wilkes-Barre, Pa. 18703 SEP1 ^1 SEPTEMBER 15, 1969 there have been few studies manpower supplies and needs. of local government PAT The study had five purposes: L Locate the current supply of professional, administrative? —, and technical manpower in local government; identify those PAT occupations for which local governments have the most pressing needs; project the PAT occupational needs of local governments in 1975; stimulate local governments to consider their future needs for PAT manpower; and develop a workable methodology for conducting PAT manpower studies on a statewide basis. The demand for PAT manpower in local governments in the 1970’s can be better understood if it is conceived of as an aspect of a much larger phenomenon, that is, the well-established trend toward increasing performance of service functions by government. In the twentieth century there has been a steady rise in the percentage of the total civilian work force that has been employed in government service. In 1919 less than one of ten civilian workers was employed in the government service, whereas today approximately eighteen of one hundred workers are employed by some level of government. While the percentage increase is impressive, the increase in the absolute numbers of employees is astounding. The increase in governmental employees has been nearly fourfold since 1919 with approximately ten million people in the United States employed by all levels of government. The creation of governmental programs is a response to demands made from outside or within the government PAT A recent report by Thomas Vocino of the Public Affairs • Research Bureau of Southern Illinois University titled ipo Professional, Administrative and Technical Man per 'n Illinois Local Government”, points out some . s Ptlca' areas in local governmental administration, The < eval WaS con<^ucted in order to identify, analyze, and t . — Uate Professional, administrative and technical <pAT) inan,P,?V/er suPply and needs within local govern•hits inois (excluding school districts). PAT rnanPower r8e°Vernnientsas been defined as those positions in local that require (whether a formal or informal «'*«) at least two years of post-high school or ent before an individual can be considered. a multiplicity of training programs have been or are in progress in many states, yet, there Or tf>tture le systematic knowledge of present demands growth. The reason for this data gap is that SS- tion, crises situations income, and rising i neither the exclusive fac grants^.n-a.dj' th are sjb|e for the growth Pdiscretely independent in public employmen be difficult to ascertain of each other. Thus, it wo Id any one eonmlwws >« The returns from th needs” questionnaire in f paT occupations are and recreation, sewage "supplx •"-> greatest number found jn the function of ontro| highways, parks pRT �E 0F REGIONAL Wilkes College has instituted an academic n Urban Affairs which will lead t0 the Social0^ ' Degree. The program is based upon the a '1 s<51 the value of a broad liberal ; student is expected to take courses in Ja< sciences, humanities, and social Science"is- The .Si Liberal Arts background (freshmai 'n-sophomoref'> will not be disturbed so that the 1 student - •-t ccan buiaT urban affairs experience on the :traditional -1 Hber S background. 1 arts The Social Science major c concentratim affairs will consist of 39 semester l,„u °n urbs. —-r hours In po|itic8| science, economics, and sociology, with •i a 12 semester hours in each. Economi « 236 Finance), Political Science 251 (R0|e '(PubiJ affairs artS ^atiofS KST-.f V. NEWSLETTER VOL. XVII SEPTEMBER 15, 1969 NO. 9 ■ 'v as a This News-letter, published monthly the Institute of Notes and Regional Affairs; of w“Q Dr. Hugo V. inquiries may be dd te of Regional /Affairs, Mailey?D|l|eeeet0Will<es-Barre,Pennsylvani a 18703 -V*. . ^ilkeS Subscription free upon request. SOCIAL SCIENCE Urban Development), and Sociology 215 ’ (Sociology i( Urban Life) are required. -I ol DEGREE JOINT POLICE SERVICE The problems of people cannot be: d'^e^ed ■ ,ioi nnlitical educational, et ai. me •Z'cities’’ approach is a recognition of this single fact kn uJban problem refers to the same phenomena people An urban problem results from a lack of coordina­ tion in solving human problems. The pre-eminent urban problem, therefore, is the lack of integrate of com­ munity units in the face of interdependence. Since it is no longer feasible - physically or economically - for urban areas and regions to change without direction for their future, a high degree of creative skill is necessary to guide and channel growth and to serve the general welfare of the people. Attempt­ ing to understand urban environments and seeking solutions to social and physical urban problems require the concentration of many skills and varied expertise. The rescue of our urban communities today requires intensive application of our total resources in new ways. America’s universities are among its most potent resources for the expansion of knowledge and the im­ provement of national life. While the study of urban phenomena is almost as old as cities themselves, it has emerged within the past few decades as a major aspect of the university scene. Consequently, institutions of higher learning have had thrust upon them, sometimes reluctantly, a new task of imparting a broadened learning, reflecting this awareness for comprehensiveness. In this age of progressive disciplinary specializetion, no individual department possesses the strength to capably' o?31"'31" *1 °f broadly trained s^ents knowledge Xi? inbatnhePr°socTal' °f in the social ^levant to the urban system is SC'e"CeS a"d continually growing and Can be meaningfully applied structured into an It follows the, primarily i^the^sX^f f'eld has come t0 be rooted [ ' Particularly Sociology, a"d in certain allied fie|ds’ and c'ty planning ” pub'ic administration and n°tab'y de«tee, engineerin.'8- education sOr’i f d> t0 a lesser Public health. [ Each urban studies n W°rl<’ 'aW and Sloped with c^c: ■ var'°us interests. - disci>iines- is™ xt: According to a Study by the staff of the Instit Regional Affairs, the police service problems of'th Dallas area can be alleviated or eliminated only by­ effective type of joint police service, tailored toil conditions and the wishes of the residents and publiofficials. The Study made for the officials of Dallas I Borough, Dallas Township and Kingston Township states that the 65.5 square miles traversed by more than |jj miles of improved and unimproved roads, containing more than 12,000 inhabitants living for the most part in widely separated clusters, with, in many instances, high values in residential and commercial properties, ................. deserves more than under-manned, inadequate, and unco­ or Dallas Borough. Town5hip and Supplies. All existing police D3H*S EquiPtnent,ic ;3 and supplies, should be the property 6. 1 municipality until replaced, at which equiP^‘ ; and additions should be purchased oflhe, -v by the Joint Police Commission. p f’O.mmon l of Personnel. Each governing body - -jtization < aS 7 DeP ul deputize all officers of the merged i^r II c ■ J f°r toa perform police duties in order to legalize A- irtment: r of such duties of police personnel in ief3.« ’- rformancc ..................... police district outside of the the Ppart el of the single o municipality. an/ F” ,rS’ apPoirltirlg officer ' ^erger Agreement. A merger agreement should be 8. by ordinance or by resolution, automatically adopts from year t0 year unless terminated by the renewed body of a community. governing of police service in the three communities Economy ct <-. argument in favor Lp strongest o . of a functional,- •joint is ine i. Tho The aroument argument of improved oolice police se.rvirp service police program, sufficient to offset the disadvantages is more than i the loss of freedom of individual action stemming from in police matters. of all three municipalities. 1. Single Police District. Municipal boundaries which currently restrict the jurisdiction o Je existing police departments should be erase 'n ^.i, future police activities are concerned, so t a police district comprising the total 8aogra? the borough and two townships is establis e . if CHANGES IN INDUSTRY STRUCTURE OF THE STATE Everyone understands that technological changes cause shifts in an area’s economic structure, resulting inunemployed or underemployed resources. Pennsylvania has over theyears experienced serious dislocation through technological changes. In time of continuous and rapid national growth, one of the more pertinent problems of initiating and maintainln8 a dynamic economy within the State has been that of influencing uniform growth and development which would Permeate all segments of the economic structure, ^ennsylvania’s great strides in industrial development nave been motivated by the objective of attracting ^on°mic activity which would uti lize the human resources ^Placed by technology. In order t* -to attain uniform growth, and maintain it, c“"stant attention ------ 1 must be given to shifts in the character Of economic r department should be under the genera sup^g governioi activities which might create shortages in human i Joint Police Commission, responsible to I "Ihers resources — in ..i one area or activity and surpluses in bodies of the participating municipal'1165' The | Comnl'Sfr'fof 3. Functions of Joint Police C ■ the a budge . ,he and J. Dean Jansma, College of Commission should prepare annually Pennsylvania State University, have merged police department and supervise .edp°l'cedP entify significant shifts which have taken police activities of the single rnerg' 'Ural ' var'°us i industrial classifications in urban and The number 4. Police District Personnel, state between 1961 and 1965. The ^ep<)orte 0T their and/or civilian personnel allotted to ea' analysis, based on Country Industry hy the Pennsylvania Department of as set forth in the agreement s.warning °d ’ the n-an<D<'U're more’L-^Ureau Statistics, since ,rw., 1961, was5 - °f -■ rghsuls, amuG removed by the respective go' licable c ;nd■ a‘ion , knowledge i of p Cation of knowled ge as to the nature, magnitude, the Civil Service Regulations apj> recomm®' Bui| nnsylvaniaeCent chan8es in the industrial structure ipality and after consideration of c a 1 Struf"1 756 I,' "Their conclusions are revealed in the Joint Police Commission. tu'e in pPn ne '969, titles “Changes in Industrial single 5. Police Headquarters. A ^Sylvania|Ocate“ department headquarters should be 2. Joint Police Commission. The ofi *1 ‘“«U Thn£r,d’ ________ _................ . “f.'l.s"'' with the Standard Industrie ClaS °f-ment’ aCCOrdan« four-year period. The efferr f'“tlon Code, for the wages and salaries in the rural u tbeSe Changes uP°n investigated, als° investigated, as were the change fn th^i^ manufacture. ges ln the value added by The major conclusions of their investigation are: 1. Manufacturing employment has increased at an average rate of 3.4% per Per year in rural counties or slightly more than twice the - -3 1.6% per year increase in urban counties. Rural counties also increased their share of the state’s total manufacturing employm'en't bi 1% during the same period. 'Payment try 2. Changes in the rural industrial structure have had a tendency to reduce the annual wages and salaries for manufacturing in these areas. The opposite is true for urban areas. 3. The industrial base in this State is broad and stable. Most of the industries included in the classifica­ tion code are found in both rural and urban counties. 4. Primary metals had the highest growth in both urban and rural areas. ordinated police protection. The Study made recommendations that certain general features of a merger should be incorporated into specific provisions of an agreement duly executed by the officials The Study estimate economic growth in bothf^l Tx °f Pennsy,vania’s the changes in manufactur nAnI " areaS by n°ting 5. Counties which have grown at the highest rate have done so on a broad industrial base while the declining counties generally have small employment bases in manufacturing employment. 6. Proximity to a Standard Metropolitan Statistical Area is not necessarily associated with industrial growth. 7. Growing rural counties do not follow any definitive geographical pattern as to location, although there are some continguous groups of growing and declining counties in terms of manufacturing employment. 8. Value added at the classification level which includes primary metals, apparel and related products, transportation equipment, etcetera, increased by 24.5% in rural counties, while in urban counties it increased by 23.5% during the four-year period. In general, results indicate that rural areas have increased their share of total manufacturing employment, and in so doing, have tended to attract industries similar to those attracted to urban locations. There was however, a significant tendency toward lower wages and salaries to employees in rural areas. Manufacturing industries showed no particular affinity which supports the for locating near urbanized counties, areas can attract economic activity contention that rural successfully in today’s complex which can compete well as provide increased utilization economy, as local resources. The authors conclud industries should be indue d flf what ^cate in terms of the of continued resources of variouslocaliti unanswered. growth and stability 8 industrial response Their inquiry into wha has be^ q{ ya, to various l0Ca:'°Jnti; 'In'bVexpected to successfully indie.®!*given «—"* �$600 Per year’ not t0 exceed the cost of tuit- short courses The Institute of Regional Affairs will begin its eighteenth year with a variety of short courses for public officials and public employees. Fourteen courses are included in the diversified in-service training program. Short courses will again be available to police, firemen, magistrates, civil defense workers, and public works employees. Three new courses - accident investigation, public works equipment management, and sewage plant operations - will be offered for the first time. will be ol defense courses have starting dates The eight civilto November 20, 1969. Enrollment for from September 9 be made by calling the Institute at the courses can Ext. 229 or 262. Wilkes College Af.Gi.s is most fortunate to Institute of Regional Affairs The-------Fred Miller, Director of the have the cooperation of Mr. *’ ? these courses ■ ..... Service Institute, in making Public S— . ■ — officials. The PSI has available to local government the in-service training assisted t... ■ ----the IRA in planning each of the seventeen years it has been program for conducted. LEEP Under the provisions of the Safe Streets Act of 1968, awards have been made to colleges and universities to provide a program of student loans and/or grants to state and local public enforcement personnel and to persons who promise to enter the law enforcement field. Wilkes College has been given an initial award under the Law Enforcement Education Program for grant purposes for approximately 10 applicants. The goal of the Law Enforcement Student Grant Program is to encourage inservice law enforcement officers to up­ grade their educational levels and to enhance their skills and capabilities for effective law enforcement service. Grants are, therefore, available to currently employed law enforcement personnel up to $300 per semester or IRA NEWSLETTER Institute of Regional Affairs Wilkes College Wilkes-Barre, pa. 18703 Return Postage Guaranteed 1 Eligible law enforcement officers ma/ en'°,n. fe.. time or full-time study in directly related " Da ' law enforcement in such fields as Business a^te? tion, Accounting, Psychology, Sociology r drn'nis? Political Science, Economics, English ’ f?°^rnrn ‘ NEWS-LETTER Computer Science, and Public Administran P°si^' funds can be advanced only to app|icants QIa.: remain in the service of their employing agen° Wtj1 Cyf°rt»J years. If there are any law enforcement cffj, °fficers wk professional growth and development, immediately contact Dr. Hugo V. Institute of Regional Affairs, and arrange for Participation in this program ------ . n I ■^,‘d !eforac°nf5il WU<ES~cbLLEGE, wilkes-barre: PENNA. wHY REGIONALISM? marks anoth'erenCS' forward for Wilkes College, and particularly the i" S,t; of Regional Affairs, in assisting law enf officers of Northeastern Pennsylvania. rcemt': I IN THE LIBRARY . . . ■ are excerpts from the key-note (The following the Ninth Annual Community Growth address at These remarks were delivered by: Conference. Ralph R. Widner Executive Director Appalachian Regional Commission) To a certain extent our metropolitan areas are "inside out”. The specialized, white-collar jobs and services find the city centers the logical location, but the people who work at those jobs seek the attractive AMERICAN CITY - American City Corporation - j surroundings and space of the suburbs. On the other monthly magazine of municipal management ar: hand, the labor using, manufacturing jobs required by engineering. ghetto residents must locate outside the central city AMERICAN COUNTY GOVERNMENT - National to find enough land and lower costs of congestion. And Association of Counties - A monthly bullet,- the more unskilled service jobs tend to be available concerning recent developments in the field f! outside the central city, too. Thus in our metropolitan federal, state, and local county governments. areas the jobs are separated from the people who need them by a rather substantial bus fare, at least. AIP NEWSLETTER - American Institute of Planners. * k...!-:' in A bulletin giving recent developments of urban, regional, and city planning. THOUGHTS FOR TODAY Summer is a time when people who’ve never seetheir own cities completely take guided tours of others. In the rural areas this drain of people has meant that many of the smaller jurisdictions are less and less able W generate the tax base required to provide adequate Public services in such vital fields as education, health, waste removal, and transportation. This only aggravates their inability ! to attract economic growth, and this lack dresses in the window — and he looks at the skirtsc I stimulates stillI more out-migration from the cities, which 'nrther compounds the the sidewalk. .e metropolitan problems. Non* Of this is rnews to ■• Northeastern IMany "any of tthe k —-»•••***-***-**••• | Pennsylvania. have beene|rUra' areas 'n Upper Susquehanna Valley been losing people hard put to fSlng pe°P|e f°r a long time, and they are Put to find' . their preset ■■•J the ^e. taxes 13X65 t: to r provide the services that Non-Pr°fit Present Population requires. Organize" And i u. s. p°sTAGE r'ght here in the cities of the Wyoming Valley "e have PA|Dp> many juri lost many people, too. And there are a good sdictions lining the Valley, each with their own Wilkes-Bar,esPecia| permit dur aH of them with some common needs and,. pr°blems. . Th, bothq;hestion is: What can we do about these needs I Remincti the rural and urban centers of Northeastern "syNanja? You know they’re married when she looks at fe| The , , RRa'acbian Commission — the country’s biggest 61(air "Pple rogional' coooerarinn linUno as 5tstat( ates regiona cooperation, linking - it does 13 | ' *unds tand t'1e federal Government — rece — recently "lent ° Commonwealth to survey the the ' Pennsy7van\emS 'n the 52 toAsurvey PPalach,an inia. ' Th e an ' aTh, rePort Points out the need for OCTOBER 15, 1969 leadership in implementing implementing the intergovernmental powers whicht are authorized under the Constitution so that atbetter level of services can be provided, particularly in rural ?------ by spreading the cost of services among _| areas, many jurisdictions. other state ^tmake^liitle^'^'T C°Unty than any its neighbors, if that --t same service can be provided more efficiently and economically by sharing the service among a group of communities. Too often in the past, however, local pride has triumphed at the expense of local pocketbooks. Those few of us left who remember World War II refer to this as the Kamikaze” instinct. It is cutting off our noses to spite our faces. In Appalachia we believe that a new and more economical way of providing public services can be developed if we can all work together. This regional approach recognizes that towns and countryside are tied together. We look to towns for our services and jobs. The towns look to the country­ side for their customers, the agriculture and resource requirements for the town economy, many of the workers who will man the manufacturing plants, and recreation opportunities. At the local level, municipalities and counties must work together if we are to build quality area schools, area health facilities, area sanitation systems, area water supplies, instead of the fragmented below-par services which many jurisidctions can only afford. In creating the Wyoming Valley Sanitary Authority you are moving in this direction, and soon let us hope the people will feel the benefits of that venture. Today you are going to discuss solid waste disposal and mass transit. But there are many services we can provide better together than separately. ss^-^-xxs added costs of providing fire, police, sewage _ sharing them Je time making with nearby com™™ wth in these townships to help de^part of til costs of the services from the older provided local governcounties of of both. This is the regional approach. strong state �aPPro^ate. f ,TP OF REGIONAL AFFAIRS ' n”le’- NO. 10 OCTOBER IS. IW This N.«-°> community service, ong Notes and Regional Affair w Dr. Hugo V. inquiries may be Regional Affairs, ^''^rllMTw’ilkel-Barre, Pennsylvania 18703 ^''keS'subscription free upon request. SWOYERSVILLE POLICE CIVIL SERVICE Tht•<x SS"! -- -»*= Service statutes of the State. The Institute has been rendering this type of pro­ fessional non-profit service to Civil Service Boards and Although New Columbus boasts miles of roads within its boundaries, employees on the municipal payroll, When commissioner works for the borough, he ‘he e is f hourly basis. Additionally, much of the \ Work the municipality is put out to subcontra<loi the problems faced by the government ofactors. Ne! COOPERATIVE local governmental officials. Benefits of this type of testing service are: the selection of qualified candidates, the measure of administration of promotion s''I their officials can no longer cope with 3"^ -'‘h the admini adminis^ technicalities demanded by the State and Fed^l governments. If one deliberately sets; out . t0 ParalH, these small municipalities as effective instruments ;■ government, no more insidious means can be fB... than the avalanche of bureaucratic ppaperwork whip could bog down the local government machinery. small municipalities.) the of four reporting governmental units one out ifved more than 100% of departmental to the president of the Company J Ch6|k $75’000 action. The combined cos7of L u C°mplete the trans’ Nearly By far, the largest number of local £government are relatively small in population and resou'rc""1'"<11 resources they are vital and indispensable organs of |^^ ■ organs of |Oc', expression and self-government. It is a tragi eV staff from the Institute provides policy on rules and procedures, administers the tests, and appraises the results without taking away any of the authority of the skills, Ownership of the Wiiii, recently from Edwards Moto^T BUS C°' Was transferred Mayor Richard J. Cal nr° T* Co' t0 City S Of. Borough is the mounting pile of paperwork squired State and Federal governments. byp. Agencies for the past 18 years. It provides a program of testing services to people and Municipal Personnel Agencies relative to their needs. A technically trained employees’ . ct. Most governmental units set fees at meets at least 70% or more of the ofthe> 1 Radula5 'the building department, according to a °f conducted by the Building Officials eXPenSeSsUrvey .ofAmerica. _____ ?_________ charter in 1859. NEWSLETTER VOL. XVII |0 square miles and has a population of aDn The borough is not “alien” to its neighb.'0” Township since both are mainly farmjr 'n| Tarm'ng i The borough was carved out ofwHantit’gton>iti; originally and was incorporated (Note to Federal and State Agencies: This mayfe one method of getting rid of ineffective and inefficir H V M PURCHASING AGREEMENT Bergen County’s (N. J.) voluntary intergovernmenii program of public bidding and cooperative purchasi-i experienced its greatest growth by far in 1968. K year-end 1968, 20 out of Bergen County’s 70 municipa' fairly, and the improvement of personnel morale. governments were enjoying s ignificant economi cal bene.; The Institute of Regional Affairs is affiliated with the Public Personnel Association in providing this type of consulting service. resulting from the participation in this program. ■■■ are expected to join the program weekly. Foreadimo,. sees the expiration of local supply contracts,? municipalities are showing a strong inc,ination.tl’^g Thus, the Swoyersville Council and the Civil Service Commission join the growing list of municipalities in Wyoming Valley who avail themselves of these ----------testing services. The " - - is presently preparing rules and |RA regulations for the Wilkes-Barre Fire Board and the Hazleton Police Civil Servici -6 Commission. The testing service, based upon standardizing tests, allows the Commission a firm foundation for the selection of candidates. wi" be ^XoXLTa/VT COlUmbUS B°r0Ugh DISPOSAL of abandoned cars The Regional Affairs Center at Hartford University developed “A Model Program for a Regional System (Collection and Disposal of Abandoned Motor Vehicles.” ° major recommendation of the Report was that efforts to establish a municipally or regionally owned, operated or leased metal processing operation should only be undertaken by the towns of the capitol’s region. It was also recommended that groups of towns select one existing junk yard to be a designated junk car collection point. In addition, it was noted that combinations of towns should establish area pounds as collection points for cars prior to disposition. Finally, it was recommended that vigorous and uniform enforcement or ordinances regarding abandoned cars to be undertaken by all towns Could Luzerne County or Northeastern Pennsylvania profit from the recommendations? Take time had decided to enter the program, bringing to Take time of communities now participating. Annual savings of taxpayer’s dollars rea^e c01lW’j Take time wos» conceivably reach $90,000 or more annua the program. It would be higher yet 1 regional public school districts in Berge $72,682 by the State, and $.77,000 by £ City0"™^ purchase of new buses and ■ s rage’ me h u, new ouses, and the improvement of buses and maintenance equipment now being used. IAA0 COURSES The Institute of Regional Affairs has arranged for a series of courses to be offered on the Wilkes College campus by the International Association of Assessing Officers. The first three courses in the series, IAAO Appraisal Techniques, I, II, and III are designed to help assessors fulfill requirements for lAAO's CAE (Certified Assessment Evaluation) designation. The first course in this program at Wilkes College offered to assessors in Pennsylvania, New Jersey, and New York will begin the week of January 19, 1970. Some of the nation’s foremost assessor-appraisers, each of whom has a proven ability to teach, will serve on the staff of lAAO’s educational program. Informational materials will be forwarded to all assessors and others interested in the courses within the next few weeks. ^|( county"' j DEGREE IN POLLUTION STUDY The staff of the Charles County Community College at La Plate, Maryland, with assistance of a grant from the Federal Water Pollution Control Administration has TIME AND YOU the program. As of Mid-March, 1969, 29 more mu"'CL102 by those municipal governments then in program as it related to gasoline only was over $35,000 in the aggregate. T at tion and relocation, improvements a^0"1^aCqUiS’ expected to exceed $380 000 Of thic neW buses is $188,600 will be paid bJ °h^^approximately in the region. levels of consumption) if all 70 rnun'.<51 b, 74 Iota'15j NEW COLUMBUS 't fee income. ~ ' ’* half reported Over permit mr *• -q$e> - ~ of their expenses were met by permit eXPef,: 70% G at leaSt that 2 -cn way to determine permit fees is to feescommon most construction cost of the new structure; The on the_5~; base'them half (53%) use this method. Another 15.4% than the area (square feet) of the structure, m°re fees « USe the volume (cubic feet) of the base — on -~ only the basis for permit fees. Nearly one-third while suucturo as nt units use a mixture of both construction ofthegc'---, other basis, usually area, in establishing t and some cost £■— permit pnitfeesfees. ““ BU¥S WILLIAMSPORT FIRM to work, it is the price of success. developed a two year Associate of Arts degree program to think, it is the source of power. to play, it is the secret of youth. Take tim< le t0 read, it is the foundation of wisdom. Take time le to Pray, it is the way to Heaven. ^ke time to1 dream, it is the highway to the stars. Take time to1 be friendly, it is the road to happiness. Take time to1 'augh, it is the music of the soul. Take t' ti,ne to look —•< around, 't is th.le short cut to unselfishness. maximum returni be obtained on If an advanced degree of 7“e’s at iotbe November "hether their community °V,eniber 4 election b£•an"ulled2ndtheterritorvrPin;^d,Char‘er shou'd Township.'l"cterritory ^incorporated int< to Huntington Papers filed with thi le court did not why the pPetitioners want their -ton Township, it was Of Pe°Ple wi||ing reasons is the scarcity t0 Serve in the New Columbus -p local government. c°vers an area ' a of slightly more than 1969^ jha 46 jOintP^; A schools in Bergen County participating^ , types of 'fsi'T bidding with the County on two fuel oil, commonly used in school the taxpayers $70,000 during the BUILDING PERMIT indie f“overnrnent employment covering October, 8 percAr,ateS ^at Public works functions utilize ProtecH °f °n year. F E Es ....^‘ baSdeling A majority of governmental un and remode fees for both new construction s- people '968 1 1,69 public works city employment, police and ut'lize 24 percent, and libraries and Percent Count f°r 20.5 _ percent. ______ The remaining ,ePr( according to the Census Bureau survey. te"era| People concerned with financial and ""micipai 1 administration. these facilities must be attained, the personne p Co||ege is cooperatbe competent and well trained. The con g in helping to train the needed personne. voters in New Columbi participants as well. It was announced in July, River BONO BUYER’S INDEX RECORD •- Index of 20 municipal bonds Bond Buyer __, ’s> lna . „„ c 1949 when it The alltime high on Ju , in established an i Not since mcepon of m reached 5.73%. 1940 has such a -■ ‘-red in tinued iis climb, reaching 5.69% register high was ^S^sHghtiy^^ broken, t. had been 5.82% on June 12, 1969. on June 17, 191 w'bl,TbX' » oJ.'i.’.t-.i.' �5 HOUSING CODES The legal aspects of achieving minimum living standards in existing housing are the subject of a report prepared by Frank P. Grad, who is one of the leading authorities in the field of housing code enforcement. The report is entitled "Legal Remedies for Housing Code Violations." Professor Grad analyzes the effectiveness of various of housing codes: tenant unions, and landlord-tenant bargaining agreements. His major recommendations include the following: I. The Workable Program should be broadened to require that localities have available a wide range of remedies for housing code violations so that the best solution for a given situation may be applied. (This runs counter to pressure from some quarters to water down the Workable Program, j£e set of actions which a locality must carry dfiwlb qualify for certain Federal grants for housing and community development.) 2. States and municipalities should shift emphasis from criminal prosecution to civil procedures and from punishment of owners to correction of housing conditions. Specialized housing courts should be used. 3. The law of landlord and tenant should be reformed so that residential leases have the character of ordinary contracts, with the ttenant’s covenant -■ to pay rent dependent on the landlord's covenant to make repairs. 4. Receivership p ---------- should ' L receive Federal programs support. Receivership has been rr.:..o ...» among the most effective "" ’ means of dealing with seriously _____ deteriorated but still salvageable o_, yet this ------ '' dwellings, approach has been tthwarted L by lack of adequate funding. 6 Federal and state cooperation to sionals to help slum area tenants i Prof I housekeeping would offer a ' 'real istt Pr°ve ? I to fruitless tenant prosecutions Cf violations." f* hOuJ <5^ °f prt o ’ Wilkes-Barre, Pa. )87o3 tUr" Postage Guaranteed news-letter EMERGENCY JOINT COMMUNICATIONS In spite of long months of silence, progress is bein ! „ade on the Emergency County-wide Communications System. A dinner meeting has been scheduled f I Monday, November 24, 1969. at 6:30 P.M. jn th J r IN THE• LIBRARY . . . AMERICAN SCHOOL BOARD I------- JOURNAL - The Am, School Board Journal ma! — - An administrative ’erics, board members, superintendents, business '■ 1 guide fe and architects. manage; | Men’s Dormitory at Wilkes College. Municipalities a 1 ur8ed to forward to the Institute of Regional Affairs th Resolution of Intent to become a part of th ' 5 system. Municipalities are also strongly urzed tn 1°',™ provision in the 1970 budget for the exno aa^e APPALACHIAN DIGEST The Appalachian Commission — A bulletin Region?; of development in the Appalachian area. activities Beta, f.eld U communities will definitely have to make a decision^’ joining the network. Come to the meerino m °n ber 24, 1969 to hear Harry E. Russ I tf o N°Vem- APWA REPORTER - American Public V ... Works AssociJ Di*ctor °f tion - A magazine especially established . ................ for ' i:-ak °n organizations that wish to promote the advances: of public works, engineering, and administrate. | Pennsylvania Crime Co’mmissio^ "’wh" Funding °f the Jo- Communications MEETING There will be 1 an important meeting of the Luzerne County Boroughs African proverb — When two elephants fight, it's du Association on I. November 24, 1969 in 'he Dining Room , grass that suffers. of the New Men’s P —, — ,°"eLe. following the r-—„ ~- A Dormitory at Wilkes ^iiege, ■ ’ meeting of local officials A teen-age girl can do her homework in the sa"; , Joint Emi —.3 on the n^Ie?CyL Communications length of time it —System. officers m ------ . t takes her mother to wash the dishssElection of must be held for - .-r 1970. f I | Non-Profi' Organization U. S. postage PA!D Wilkes-Barre. Permit No. . I , I i '1 ! 1 ' LOCAL °F INTEREST government Act 39: rlease sp ^ranting to all pairing authorities power to parking and authorities space abQCe 'n tde parL'nS facility to sell or lease / and to sell or lease .the faci,ity other than the sale of gasoline mobile accessnri ., . Act 36: • m accessories. c°st “f livit Authorizing third class cities to P1 from 'ng increases to persons receiving Pol ice and firemen’s pension funds. Acts Second rA'. ,= 42, ” 43: 'Allowing first class towns ,. P tracts township: °,herthanft°?mbu ^nce, A a non profit.rescue, and life saving servi r.u,it community organization. Providin '^owe^of Pr °viding for benefits tP ^'^0 died *'h’le emP'°yees in third class cit become employ-'"sibl/'J emPloyed full time, after having “CrLf°r Pension, and providing that employe « the time council e!ects to make pa men < °Ws ’--- ^tEHXT969 to have a widow or .wid°wer receive such then not be 1 responsible or the payments toPayments and coverage. ‘ secure such Act 46: Increasing Penalties for alarm of fire. turning in a fa|se Act 47: Extending to second authority of elected and appoii class townships the appointed township officers to attend conferences, institutes Commonwealth, and ft.' '——3 and schools within the —..... “" u provides thatregistration the Township their expenses, to the limited fee,may IOCpaya mile circular mileage payments, and room and board at payments, and $20 a day. Acts 48, 49: Extending to first and second class townships the authority to adopt codes by reference. widowers, may, within 30 days, elect ment Law that reinstated memberships, following restoration of withdrawn accumulations, receive annuity rights as they existed at the time of separation from service. Act 69: Permitting housing authorities to sell any dwelling unit to any member of a ter.ai tenant family if the dwelling is sufficiently separable from other property retained by the authority to make it suitable for sale. REGIONALIZATION IN MINNESOTA LEGISLATION TO PENNA. Act 61: Providing for the inclusion of third class cities within provisions of the Municipal Police Retire­ THOUGHTS FOR TODAY IRA NEWSLETTER SesUtCoO||egeegi°nal Affairs ^28 1970 i & States should amend laws so that whe inspector is refused access, search Wa ’ h°usir. be issued in compliance with the Su decisions in the Camara and See cases^ This publication prepared by the National r on Urban Problems should be required readin "h ma| Councils, Planning Commissions, Rreead -d in ®. f°r all -<'eve|, e’: Authorities, and Housing Authorities. ReLocal officers should certainly find a wealth ofLocal i„r'.Pl,b||t in this publication. library There is, I think, a general agreement in our country that a single national government cannot solve the problems of a country of more than 200 million people, scattered in 50 states, drawn from a variety of social, ethnic and regional traditions and interests, and living in a rapidly changing, crowded and mobile society. Local governments were not weakened as a result of raids by federal and state bureaucrats. National involve­ ments grew in what were once considered local respon­ sibilities because local governments were not able to meet the needs of their constituencies. This has been true in education, health, welfare, transportation, community development and conservation. Most states have found it almost impossible to respond effectively to. the crises of depression, wars, md overcrowded cities and social declining rural areas ar .......' turmoil. Their jurisdictional boundaries> were drawn for Their constitutions are rigid and outan earlier age. . — -- 3 structures are products of moded. Their administrative and entrusted bureaucracy. neglect, special pleadings a �Each commission will have fOur sibilities: mand' at°ry , OF REGIONAL AFFAIRS institute . , . Hugo V. Malley, Director Dr. newsletter VOL. XVII NOVEMBER 15, 1969 NO. 11 .... Plan f°r the review of long-term comprehens ’.vp — r-government units within the region P a°s of for funds and state legislatures have starved them and change with a denied them the opportunity to grow <.... They are not large enough to cope changing society. wither0 pollution, water pollution, mass transportation and law enforcement problems which tend to spi local boundaries. In some instances they are not too large to be responsive to the needs of communities in their boundaries. Money has a lot to do with the incapacity of states and local governments, but it is not everything. Structure and authority are part of the picture, but not the whole picture. Many of the difficulties which plague states and local governments are the by products of political indifference. So local government, at its best, performs caretaker functions: It tries to conserve and keep going what is there but shows little innovative capability or desire. Reform measures at all levels of government are sporadic, slow and thus far without major impact. None of the various approaches to improve our capabilities in governing an urbanized society seem to to be be sufficiently sufficiently responsive to the changed nature of our urban problems, 'their beir tlarger larSer sc scale, ale, their increased interdependence and their higher « -■ technical —..... ——I content. The idea of regional g~— government as a solution is either non-existent (as is the ..a case with comprehensive metropolitan government), or ffunctionally overspecialized and removed from control and participation by the citizen (as in the case with metropolitan districts, authorities, or commissions.) S ;Ss„ t state nsy|vania is no exception. It seems Lotionsproblems are going to be solved on a d'5“ft reg'0/1 . the 1970’s, state government must stop th3t0na| baS'.S ' on the principle of inter-governmental 'f ing sole states must explore, encourage, and even ' „erati°n- . ,|ism wherever it is practical and . review of applications of governm reg'Ona\, sljde into it laterally on a piece loans and grants from the federal go/0131I Ur^7slide into it laterally on a There needs to be an states whether or not such review is^^ requ7ed A ' | basis state role because the state s active state is federal government. >#|i Action of aQf genera| government with ' ' the ' ■legalI power, Under the Regional Development Act of |9, affluent/ “■ “and the finances to experiment on a by the State Legislature, the Governor .magi"3110" and above all, it has the capability to ’ ‘PPttvu the »=> the ire ■ . basis, , planning officer, is authorized to make ’■ as ' e, ' i the grantSofS2 7s regi°nal municipal jurisdictions. for each of fiscal years 1970-71 to feach coJ? .vercome, local r H VM upon submission of an acceptable work pr°8ram. 7t? act'vities after, the commission can finance its activ ’ ■ 5 one-half mill regional tax levy. This is r "'eS ^ally time that any regional agency in a state has been «• taxing power. The Act <anticipates ' that by utilizing SWOYERSVILLE inn inp fiinHc a funds and federal planning funds, L_ --.a commission develop a substantial budget to enable it ---t . _ . ------ ’t to conduct:The Department of Housing and Urban Development effective program of regional planning and develop-;.. has awarded a 5509,750.00 grant, under the water and coordination, and especially the latter. facilities grant program, to Swoyersville and sewer ' r a basic new sanitary sewer A prototype regional agency has been set up fort. Municipal Authority for. borough, estimated to cost Minneapolis/St. Paul metropolitan area, — the -■ The agent, collection system ffor actually has responsibilities from a series of six Sts upwards of S1,500,000. .According to the announcement, acts which offers means for carrying on functions tot: portions of the existing system will be abandoned and undertaken through regional implementation systems, which do not rely solely on voluntary, cooperati.e actions of local governments, but accomplished tap strong state support. It was inevitable that this type of agency would be created because of the absentee! special purpose agencies through non-voting cow®1 member representation on the policy bodies of agencies. Its position is as an umbrella coordinates agency without taking on first line operational active through local arrangement. When state governments io * ""’J «'<»« nen aPPropriate to make a distinction between agencies t on the one hand and agencies that <" services, between mechanisms t 'h t brokers level of effectiveness as programs and ai,d fin0|!'’ t0'erance °f the Carpenter of Nazareth, the nap3 an 'ntlknowledge of every branch of the r-all these h biolo£'cal- and social sciences. If he had 'll the: he might be a good policeman. Read Bain The Policeman on the Beat Scientific Monthly, 48:5, 1939 ii ent. a c0Cnr ' the oe' created f° oPr erate a' <— serve in an advisory capacity and „..J aid The citizen expects police officers to have the ^isdom of Solomon, the courage of David, the strength jti’” andthosethatimplementthesolutions, e and tecbl'(|1itl and for implementing the regional appr°ac eencieS / useful in seeking solutions, betwee .mmuni^erf'' ^^unic^rf111 mechanisms l«" fl|i’ tbe Municipal one year period during which the h''m'ted '° tbe at 7%. 8 Ch the bonds may be issued years. COUNTY PRISON Reforms at the Luzerne County Prison were recently recommended in a report prepared by The State Bureau of Corrections. Highlights of the published report recommend con­ struction of a new community based penal facility for short-term confinement for not more than 100 prisoners and detentioners; transfer of all prisoners now serving terms of two or more years and with at least one year remaining to the Bureau of Correction as soon as practicable with arrangements to be made with the local court to restrict future commitments to maximum sentences The report goes on to state that current salaries are actually the lowest among the third class county prisons, lower than six of the ten fourth class county prisons, A POLICEMAN overnn,ei111 consider »■ — Borrowing Law. increase the int^ and other obligations issued bv " I Ceiling °n bonds districts and municipal auJhoHt T'C'Palities’sch°o1 a one year period. The adS’S 6% 7% for throughout the term of the is^ue’ ,'ntereSt ma/ be paid of less than six months. voiun'311 mechanisms on a metropolitan basis, ^at find “XT " "'""'"U Valley Sanitary Authority. (I,. ay!Son’ Patience of Job, the leadership of Moses, train''ndness t*le Good Samaritan, the strategical of Li"8 |f Alexander. the faith of David, the diplomacy With its new taxing power, it can now mesh p and policy-making with implementation. is that it can Its most important innovation planning, policy, and implementation s' Pennsylvania might well consider Minnesota I. raphical frameworkk within which ai| C°nSIStent geog, P 7ng a“d development programs will "0"'^°^^ epresentatives of loca[ 'ative - composed of with representation evenbrhTntS Citizens at a d ^nicipal officials Fa 7 balanced between county The work will be part of a tandem project which includes a forced main and pumping stations. Sewage will be treated at the new facilities of the Wyoming It emphasizes regional policy making (nothing ne« about this). It also coordinates separate areawide A serious obligation of all states the creation of some kind kmu of u, regional ,-b-more can states tread tread gingerly gingerly <arid hoping that regionalism will be by a regiona, °Cal ^its or the GovenrnJ° be created by petition of other portions wi II be rehabi litated. local agreement. Minnesota is one state where a move bas been made toward regionalization. tk c counties to establish'! int° 11 regions of cz_..; el°P'ng policy P'° % . . review of similar plans of indepeu commissions within the region. dent “imciP.L BOHO „4TES t,|en’sbey° |egislatures have refused to note these "O' J>cal afteris t0° late’ There needs t0 This News-letter, community service, c" Regional Affairs c. . inquiries may be “ addresse ““"““I ’Z.X j the talking, planning, and review stage. x . development of a comprehensive ¥( The 1 // a IS THIS A MANDATE . a regional jail for How does H even change sound? I_ just ONE JAIL counties. Nnw there’s an idea. ,7 for the elected mayor of Maeser, Utah, b°llow U'e elected mayor 'hough he rie. t.For For.- al althmiah ho 5-1 <7 hill and two of the seven fifth class county prisons. It was suggested that the best thing for both the citizens and offenders of Luzerne County is for the county officials to get out of the criminal rehab,htat.on busmes: pre-trial detention primarily. and confine their efforts to f -y general’s office makes The report of the attorney known fact for some years, crystal clear what has been a k. :;-3 County prison is no mainly that the century-old Luzerne iriginally intended to do. longer suited for the job it was or „ of Luzerne County Ar the same time that the citizens report, Joseph were reading about the Gambia County p. Roberts, as the essed the opinion that Board of Commiss.one exp measure i»IS h” '. and that regional jails shoui won by a better bXl4.| . ’ the voters „, .,,,„ Utah community of this tu 0 disincorporate the town. The assets water improvement district. t0Wn wi11 be conducted by the county. create the i..r region!'! Might even has dropped- • • HVM �SYSTEMS HOW To MANAGE "“r,’^prob|„. It is area of I”'«,n,j" “ ““TXT '"“v1"' organizations, it Administration The Federal Water Pollution Control $8 estimates 'ndicat® , for the> construction construction of sewerage between l96!lndr'9m3eeft°wateerC quality standards An ■—s to meet water quality S-Zo'al $7 billion is needed for samtary collec $7 billion is r--------- sewers. development and of water resources The management -s on a regional basis of programs the implementation of a governu—..-.a and ffunctioning “> requires the construction and vested with fitted for the task mental mechanism f-----authority and power. rnmem , _r substantially, it If county government is beefed up solution to the regional approach in can be a partial s«.-----regional system for water planning and managing a the flood of urban and pollution control concerned with reconstructed, it will suburban waste. Unless it is remain the anachronism that it now is. Soil conservation, water, sewage and flood control districts have been known to operate geographically in the same area without any communication with each other, all of them really deal with water resource development. A voluntary COG may well be the only possible organization that can be created to deal with areawide problems where excessive fragmentation of local units has reached the point of no return. It can even provide a mechanism for areawide cooperation where compromises would have to be made because a simple region-wide government is unattainable. Pollution problems, because they are related to and a part of water resource development problems, require the construction and functioning of a governmental mechanism fitted to the task, The i irnp'ement watershed or river basin agencies to1 dea| u?a% problems may be the most practical. I A river basin commission can coordin and low flow augmentation in the river anT flo°dc0 I with dynamic pollution control criteria to *tS tibuta": quality in reaches that are presently unsar^6 4 to maintain existing acceptable quality ,Sfa%I equitable distribution of the costs involved i ' and maintaining the various levels of quah eStab|* American version of the German River Basi 'a' °n|H-l can develop an assured method of financin ASS°% the use of long-term bonds, a revolving trj’ money raising effluent charges. The basin a^ be used to encourage regional sewage treat1 for the many small communities that otherwis^”1 unable to obtain economically the degree Of hI 4 NEWS-LETTER WILKES COLLEGETWQES^AW^mTr VOLjcvhTnclJI COMMUNICATIONS SYSTEM ,f a centralized emergency communications The need of would provide the inhabitants of Luzerne which '■ that will be required, combining treatment plant! system an efficient communications service domestic and industrial wastes. sfo'b:?j County with ensure safety and protect property is ■ -V to i necessary rdily apparent. At the present time, there are approxread.., IN THE LIBRARY . 119 mobile units installed in emergency vehicles imately Wyoming Valley, the greatest single user of the base ARCHITECTU RAL FORUM — The Architectural Foi>stations being the Police Department. The ultimate A monthly review of events and ideas showin-..' responsibility for accepting a Joint Emergency Com­ emerging maturity of modern architecture. 81 munications System rests with those who will make the ASPHALT QUARTERLY - Asphalt Institute -j greatest use of it - the police department, fire com­ magazine published to serve both users and produce- panies, ambulance associations, and the civil defense of asphaltic materials through programs of engineer, organizations in each municipality. service, research, and education. It has been decided by a committee of county officials, ASPO NEWSLETTER - American Society of Planni-j Officials — A newsletter whose purpose is to tat the best techniques and decisions for the plan'.:; development of communities and regions. THOUGHTS FOR TODAY Hay is something we must make between the time<! get out of it and the time we hit it. representatives of the Institute of Regional Affairs, and representatives of the Chamber of Commerce that it would be economical and practical to seek funds from the Pennsylvania Crime Commission. Funds for the project are available in the last quarter of 1969 and in 1970. However, decisions relative to the implementation of the communications program must be made immediately. Applications within the procedures set up by the Pennsylvania Crime Commission will have to be filed within the next several months. One thing we know about the speed of light: it^l here early in the morning. TAX EXEMPTION IRA NEWSLETTER Institute of Regional Affairs Wilkes College Wilkes-Barre, Pa. 18703 Non-P'of'1 Organize11" u. s. post*gE PA|Dp> Wilkes-Barre. _ Return Postage Guaranteed permit No- Financi ng local government today is a seriously growing Problem. Local governments have several sources °f ( income to meet the demand of increasing ""inicipai services ranging from the general real property ta* to donati '"ations by various groups. Although local t 'Cials -e continually searching for new revenues, fey f|nd that th the real property tax remains the backbone 01 local government finance. ^^CQpt fr» little the r P r°ductivity, general property taxes have Productivity, te$ts of ret'ca ’•l support. When subjected to the practical Pr°Perty taConomy. equity, and administration, general ^less n/tn ^are even w°rse than they do in theory. st?" I?11’ amr>n„° erns arise in the use of the real property ta'n typU'e most vexing be'n§ t*iat °ftax exemPt'on’ 1 ^Pes Mu'cCat'onai eS ,°f Property, notably that belonging to '°nal and cbar .... itable institutions, are exempt from 'ea|'Pr°Perty4 ty taxatioi -•on in a!I states, under stated conditions. eXeMhonC°f the £. general public looks with disfavor on tax ,1 which produces an overall reduction in real dec|m||r757[769 critics maintains as schools, churches, colleges, should either be taxed or should make payments in lieu of taxes to local governments for services rendered. and This article will be divided into two parts: first, the constitutional and legal basis for tax exemption; and, second, the economic impact of a college on a community. In Pennsylvania, the power to grant exemptions to certain classes of real property emanated from Article IX, Section I of the State Constitution. This Article provides that the General Assembly may, by general law, exempt from taxation institutions of purely public charity.” The Pennsylvania Exemption Act of 1874, passed pursuant to the provisions of the Constitution of 1873, contained the proviso that the tax exemption shall not apply to property which is used for purposes other than those specified (e. g. charitable, hospital, or college) and from which revenue or income is derived. Pursuant to the Constitutional provisions, the General Assessment Law of 1933, as amended, provides for the exemption of hospitals, universities, and other charities as follows: Section 204. Exemption from taxation. The following property shall be exempt from all county, city, borough, town, township, road, poor and school tax to wit: ... All hospitals, universities, colleges, seminaries, academies, associations, and institutions of learning, benevolence or charity, including fire and rescue stations with cn z’ -J and necessary for the the grounds thereto annexed of the same, founded, occupancy and enjoyment c endowed, and maintained by public or private ■ j revenue derived charity; provided, that the entire the“ support and to by the same be appliedj to to t' md facilities thereof, the increase the efficiency ar.„ __ increase of grounds and rapid and the necessary other purpose. buildings thereof, and for no states under one! of Tax exemptions are granted by Under the first, or Ithe two types of presumed burdens. U -i is justified on “public burden” standard, the exemption assuming a public the ground that the organization1 iisS assi if the -t v.cj'.d would have to assume service which government did not. Under the second,, or the exempt organization did not. Under justified on -'I is itadan” standard, the “humanit2'i=n ” standard, the exemption or sociallyy desired "ta that the humanitarian should be is performing s the ground which the organization iactivities v. (continued) �ships. Unless a college or university js hj . , these two criteria can easily be met. gn|7 OF REGIONAL AFFAIRS institute Hugo V. Mailey. Director °r °tber Dr. NEWSLETTER VOL. XVII is, IW Furthermore, the .courts have interpPreted language relating to income or revenue’’ tbe br fees paid by students, patients, or other not of the charity. Later amendments i ;nserted in the language specifically exclude from the PreSb le Drn. income or revenue derived “from recipients Jr°Viso th' of the institution or charity.” Therefore he W income from tuition fees, patient fees, and th’ ,eceipt ' not jeopardize the tax-exempt status of a'^’S Additionally, “revenue producing” does ’ Pr°Pe'V NO. 12 ls News-letter, published monthly • 'i as a in the Institute of community se-ce ori^es College. Notesand ^".^ly'e addressed to Dr. Hugo V. inquiries may u? , Regional Affairs, Mailey, Director, Instituteo ”--|vania |8703 such integral aspects of an institution’s operar as residence halls, dining facilities, parkin? 'l°nS Sul1 aCt'ln Pennsylvania, tax exemptions to educational and responsible for the welfare of the general citizenry a-the representatives of educational institutions of high/, learning, responsible for raising the educational |ei!i of the youth of that citizenry, will have to face up top; same underlying question: What is the communityrols of colleges and universities? The benefits thatf!o» from a college are both tangible and intangible, bof measurable and unmeasurable. The future status tf tax exemption for institutions of higher learning ■ Pennsylvania will be determined ultimately by th significance and relative weight which a communityr! its officials place on intangible as well as tangible benefits, rather than by legal precedents. These benefits are economic for colleges and universities and industries in the valued economic sense. cr.cc. The second part of t j article will deal with the economic impact of institute institution public burden” standard. Pennsylvania's “public burden standard is repre­ sented in the following language from a 1936 Supreme Court case: "There are substantial reasons why institutions wholly devoted to public charity should be exempt from taxation, since one of the duties of govern­ ment is to provide food and shelter for the poor. Any institution which by its charitable activities relieves the government of this burden is conferring a pecuniary benefit upon the body politic and in receiving exemption from taxation it is merely being given a quid quo pro' for its services in providing something which the government would have to provide.” (Y.M.C.A. v. Phila. 323 Pa 401, 1936.) Studies by the U.S. Chamber of Commerce and the U.S. office of Education indicate that the cost to the state of educating one student at a f four-year tax supported college is approximately S2 500 •J per year. This means that the 1,830 Pennsylvania s'tudents ' Wilkes, not supported by state t- now studying taxes, save the Pennsylvania taxpayers more than S4 million' The single ...... -.I each year, community that has the the total ailment fgreatest number of is Wilkes-Barre-not Laflin. ..-.^'!!.thereis little c --question about the words “founded" meaning of the and “endowed" of cases ha. by charity, a number ,ve reached the Sui ipreme Court of what constitu tes -■t on the question tained" bx charity. an educational jinstitution “mainAccording to the does uot mean tlthat all, or even a 2 courts, the term °Perating expens. JPajor portion, of the substantia| Jon fees and that a ■T^t be on scholar- Not only will i, a .develo (' income housing to applyfo" for a PeF of lowa mT* permit “ build’ but * will now be possible for him to on June 30, 1969, the the delegated delegated power power by the boards of and because such arbitrators are “public the purpose of their determination. Ybe Rhode Island law is more specific than the ia law Pennsylvania law in in “specific standards” that the arbitrators must observe, including “a comparison of or hourly conditions of employment of skilled «age rates employees of the building trades and industry in the local operating area.” Wage rates in other communities must also be considered and “weight must be given to the interest and welfare of the public," as well as other factors. The Court pointed out that these standards "limit” the arbitrators and provide a guide for possible judicial review. The Rhode Island Court raised, but it did not determine, the question of whether a section of the Act, which authorizes the Chief Justice of the Supreme Court to appoint the third arbitrator whenever the two arbitrators selected by the parties are unable to agree upon the identity of such third arbitrator,” violates the doctrine of the seperation of powers by requiring the Chief Justice to perform a legislative function. The Pennylvania Act avoided this problem by providing that lf there is no> agreement as to the third arbitrator, the American Arbitration / ' • Association nominates three, with one^ arb'.trator having the right to eliminate one, the HVM (to be continued) COMPULSORY LABOR1 ARBITRATION FOR POLICE AND I PENNSYLVANIA ANO RHODE ofth^pg'H'iH,8 becoming the third member and chairman The High Courts of Pennsylvania ’"““X'dpal have recently upheld the' const, arbitration statutes applicable fire department employees. I*'' i Massachusetts the penS' - v. R^Jani^ Ad On June 27, 1969, in Harney sylvania Supreme Court, held that the P a(ld art1'' set a to °btain Precedent for similar action in other states °btain Pas'Tag sing a a m.ore 'ow' and moderate-income housing by tion of disputes between policeman an or || public employers did not violate Art'i()s Pennsylvania Constitution or the Fou | reas°nab|y des'gned to eliminate or modify un^n'Hg °rdin ' reciuirements in local building codes, I at have m ances. and other development regulations , of the United States Constitution. Local intended to overcome Erie Fj^^vio1^I Gardener, which held that a 1947 of the Pennsylvania Constitution de|egat ngtpep 7 After nded tive powers to a board of was a<" Constitution case, the Pennsylvania housing law ISSaaCbusetts chusi Ml set has taken a bold step — which may of 1968 providing for collective bargainin^^ d I appeal to a state review board if h The municipal board of a1 s Uo’ ^families'1 uneconomical to build housing for low- diu:.ba ’aw tol endc0rpor:,Ptecifles that public agencies, limited u'ld pu5[j l0ns’°r nonprofit organizations proposing lc 7 supported low-income housing may adm,nistrative request to build, is requirec^ tn h m SUbmission of The board must render its rU ■ • 0 d a Public hearing. II .h. ,nd,he the Rhode pi,e'was constitutional because it established 11,6 fACtnt standards for the guidance and control of an suflC'e nf exercise or arbitration.” officers" for tequtred. The agency does noTh ^0" is a" that “uncH planning bQard. « not have to apply t0 the c ‘ f yvarwick v. Warwick Regular Firemen’s ° decided Assocl3tlon’ Court upheld the constitutionality of the Island Supr^ Arbitration Act. The high Court held that of higher learning. IN oca body having control overth™"1’ °theF location of housing. the construction or hitrati011 lS’. case on its own merits in order to arrive with eacnjse which is fair to both parties.” It de a comPronl ed the appellant’s argument that the law ’h'erefore reject use jt did not contain necessary ln college and university properties, especially ,/"'"i centers. One such attempt in Pennsylvania is n subject of litigation. Regardless of the outcome of' / decisions on the question, both the public offiq? by public or private charity, the basis for the between P° ointed out that: “The great advantage of The Court Pafter a||> the abi|ity of the arbitrators to °lS' Mi I ail>itr:ltor the like. -n though government would not otherwise encouraged, even assume the burden of carrying out be forced to a- and universities, as such, which is the practice of many other states. The exemption is restricted to those institutions which are “founded, endowed, and mai ntai ned submit an application to dn of appeals. This sing^° So to ^e municipal board ,,as defectiv ndards“. The Court also held that the !'specif'c st3g vOte principle” was not applicable to "One n1311'. ° of arbitrators, since such a board of !he seloerCst'i°snnot “legislative in nature.” In the mad scramble for additional source revenues, public officials have cast an eye toward °f t!| SXitthe'exemp^on^not^ .would provide for panels “selected and t laws tha ,ance with law for the adjustment of perm1 in acc° utes or for collective bargaining If the application is denied, or if it is granted with con ^ons that make the project uneconomical, th applicant may appeal to a five-member housing appeals contnuttee o the state’s Department of Communit Affairs. If the committee finds that the decision of the board of appeals was unreasonable and not consistent with local needs it will direct the local board to reverse its decision and issue a permit or modify conditions that make the project uneconomical. In reviewing applications one factor that has to be considered is whether the community already has a reasonable share of low- or moderate-income housing. Presumably a board of appeals will be on safer grounds in denying an application if the community already has low- or moderate-income housing “in excess of 10% of the housing units reported in the latest census or on sites composing I ’/z% or more of the total land areas zoned for residential, commercial or industrial use.” The intent of the law is to remove obstacles to the building of low and moderate income housing. There are some decided limitations in the law and some potential problems. For example, the law does not apply to all low- and moderate-income housing, t applies only to that fraction of the total housing supp y tha is “subsidized by the federal or sfate government *1, »—.- middle income housing . . middle-income housing market by build.ng nexpensive P mobile home subdivision is not assisted Perhaps the biggest prob’em ml^be y .se^shionab|e conditions make a project uneco ordinances, building these days to point to zoning zor ng |ocks in the ^subdivision regulations codes, and subdivision reg a o js nQ d bt provision of housing for the Pol­ .ons at times have and building regulation^ that land use and budding g objectives. However achieve improper |o£.a| ord,nances been used to achiev eliminating barriers harriers c. cea 7^ 1om1 develop ' - te dearly not, sufficient, -^e^ with high interest rates, would Still have -s, to and inflated land values. ■,-t the importance of rising labor costs run, it is probable that t„In the long • more to do with the3 ra the law has ■Kir,ties than with t.. b“ ■- ■ msibdities f ting respor- ° Massachusetts, m conIUV(continued) �taken away certain prerogatives of local governments. Increasingly, it is argued that certain kinds of land-use control powers- should not be in the hands of local governments, particularly the smaller ones, since their frame of reference is too narrow. If municipalities continue to be unable to define their local interests broadly enough to include a more general concept of' the —y more states public interest then we suspect that many 'certain rights to will follow Massachusetts in denying c_... local governments. Frank Beal, Project Director ASPO, November, 1969 Comment: This is another illustration of local govern­ ments losing power because of the inability to meet today’s problems. WHAT PRIORITIES! ($63783,000.000) of the American GNp v._ Went f0r expenditures in 1969 - an amount which entire GNP of Canada, of Italy, and the es.. even of mainland China. 'ate1 KINGSTON Kingston. The increase brings the Federal r°iect i. thus far to SI,738,810. The Luzerne County R7't,,! ment Authority, which is carrying out th reported the increase was necessary because 0L Pr'>itt’. administrative costs and additional relocation 7"^' Kingston Borough already has contributed $84 onn"16"1''I approximate share of $260,000 for the project, '4 .'1! ' will match the Borough contribution. the project exceeds S2,000,000. billion, 7% of the world’s gross product. The sum is the equivalent of the total annual income of Latin America, South America and the Near East. It exceeds by 40% worldwide expenditures on education by all levels of government, and is more than three times the investment in public health. The ACDA provides a translation: the average public investment worldwide for the education of children, ages S to 19, is SI00 a year; public outlays for health care average S50 per person in developed countries, and only S2 per person in less developed countries. The annual expenditure per soldier, worldwide is S7,800. It is abundantly clear that a significant share of the increment in real product does not contribute to the improvement of living standards. The figures speak strongest against the U.S., the most profligate of military spenders. According to the survey, 8.5% TbeSu The total a| cost J I The Arms Control and Disarmament Agency’s annual survey of military expenditures has been released, and again the whole world shows no inclination to shift its priorities. Global expenditures for arms have climbed to SI82 RENEWAL The U. S. Department of Housing and U h ment has approved a SI 10,000 increase j„ grant for the Third Avenue Redevelopnient hpe IN THE LIBRARY... ASSESSORS JOURNAL - International Association of Assessing Officers - A magazine developed u improving standards and developing better technique; in assessment administration. BULLETIN OF PA. STATE SCHOOL DIRECTORS — Pennsylvania School Boards ASSOCIATION A magazine quarterly concerning Association school board, staff, and community relations. CALCIUM CHLORIDE INSTITUTE NEWS - Calcim Chloride Institute - A quarterly digest of current of calcium chloride development in the field c. ------ --------------- usage, i THOUGHTS FOR TODAY Everything you have — especially your was earned by someone. freedom - . •r Ii of speech but, Most of us don’t need more freedom something to say when the opportunities arise. I IRA NEWSLETTER Non-ProW Organizatl0" U. S. POST*66 Institute of Regional Affairs Wilkes College Wilkes-Barre, Pa. 18703 PAlDeP^ Wilkes-B^ ’ permit NoReturn Postage Guaranteed I 14726 �■ ■ - < • ■ ■■ . . ■ - -■ • ■ ■ ■ . ■ . ■ ih ■ ■ ■ � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Luzerne County Newsletters and Institute for Regional Affair Newsletters, 1952-1975 Subject The topic of the resource Political Science; Luzerne County; Institute for Regional Affairs; Wyoming Valley Description An account of the resource A collection of newsletters created by the Political Science Department at Wilkes College from 1952-1975 for Luzerne County and later the Institute for Regional Affairs. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Political Science Department (Hugo Mailey) Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1952-1975 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource PDF Type The nature or genre of the resource Newsletters Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Institute for Regional Affairs Newsletter, 1969 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Institute for Regional Affairs Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1969 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource PDF Type The nature or genre of the resource Newsletter https://omeka.wilkes.edu/omeka/files/original/cf2920c280d943445d0cb4ec0177a368.pdf e1b8681ffa2da9cc451be8cb0f74bb8c PDF Text Text W" 4 ....«» ' . ■ ms i® : I .-•. ■ ,•: 15 '.'7: ?'< < i? .. .■!>.■■., .a MM®®-Y ■ < . •■■■■■■< .■■■■ ; ®® ■ ; a-.. I K#t . ■ <. a a >' :a '<a y ■ .ias» YlaY. hh^HI ■ ■. A<* ^■\ • ■ ■••i® •- *■'• ■ .................... •■••.■; fcW■ ’ ' .■■ ■' . r,’v' ;■■ •''.' ' ‘.'Ca' < '■•a . ■a . | ��\$O'. 1 WILKES COLLEGE, WILKES-BARRE, PA., JANUARY 15, 1968 X SOCIAL REDEMPTION The Church, a group of Newark priests agreed, has to shift gears, change speed and direction: personnel in inner-city parishes should be priests who feel an apostolate to all the people living there; the Church should sell little-used property and reinvest in new projects in highpopulation areas; and it should stabilize neighborhoods by sponsoring low-rent co-operative housing for families. An internship for clergymen in the Urban Ministry has been es­ tablished at Western Reserve University, Cleveland College, in Cleve­ land, Ohio. It is a pilot program funded by the National Institute of Men­ tal Health. Fifteen persons will be admitted each year to the program which has been funded for three years. Experienced clergymen from any denomination are eligible for the program. In most instances the internship will be combined with service in a local congregation, parish, temple, etc. John Cardinal Krol of Philadelphia, in speaking to his church's Commission on Human Relations stated that seminarians would be put in inner parishes one day a week to have them experience interracial work. The Methodist Church will make a large investment of funds in inner city Detroit. Well, isn't it about time? The only comment that can candidly be made of these gestures °n the part of the American church is that it is "too little" and it may be "too late." ed religion in America on metropoliThe record of institutionaliz It talks earnestly about the; Cross and tan problems has not been good, at the carrying one, but it draws back I endorses the idea of everyone an undesirable neighborhood. thought of risking its life in n ' k -Motivation of people is the key to the revitalization of aging urban 6 orhoods. City neighborhoods, which are increasingly vulnerable �e SupP° ■ 1 tensions, blighted commercial districts, ”eC e\dlh »<l hardcore hirdcore unemployment, unemployment re. a “»l‘°“ and crowdedsc for their preservation and betJS45iohoki»g<p««‘'’.°7';"”of*Uci,ize”5 t0 deteriorating ■m q 7-J.U „„ir efforts oi’ with capable leadership, utilizing all the quiree the the sustained s' Intelligent people, can with professional guidance, bring terment. resources there are in a- -city conducive to good living for themselves and an environment cinto being the goal of the Model Cities program. their children. This is t-_ „ i soundly based institution in any comThis is where the church, a stimulating people to want to live bet­ munity, can take the initiative in help solve local problems. ter and inspire lay leadership to Both clergymen and laymen of the three faiths feel generally the Church has a responsibility for community improvement. However, there is generally little precise knowledge as to what to do. Continu­ ity of the religious institution is apparently the strongest motivation to­ ward community improvement among all three faiths. The preserva­ tion of the organization is usually more important to the members than a program of community development. None of the churches that have been studied in many of the large cities have clearly defined goals which could guide the direction of the churches. Churches always seem to be pleased with an urban renewal project which removes low-income people or Negroes to provide land far new middle income apartments. Catholic parishes seem to resent it when DPA cases move into their neighborhoods--relocated from aformer slum area. Protestant congregations seem to resent the transformation of its residential church area into a blighted commercial area with its public welfare families. Jewish synagogues seem to want to move to the sub­ urbs. Tf AN churches seem to follow their memberships to the suburbs. conclrnTd fo T remains- its members become completely un­ concerned for the church's neighborhood. interests from all na draw people of similar backbrounds and any strong concern for the neb ™etropolltan area, this mitigates against the real problems of the f t orhood and therefore any concern about dents of a slowly deterior j-Ure tf the underprivileged restaid of the churches of the area do not become the recipients of the ciety will have failed to und cburcb as an institution of our soth' Population. PPderstand the problems of nearly one third of them, Local churches should r_____ attention to the neighborhoods around members who live out of the area. If a city is aS Wel1 as to their m?TPay rtto r arne b not giv church of the s ot even be can the ighbo rhood o into ue If, b°W which may as ® er -nals churche: ,„e itsC;U’ e oibrought togethconomic go -so eople their sOcioe it store-front ­ A11 churches jize .ore the A ches rrrw city’of£thu-ivirg ”’ : is The change Chur This area1 forces, the •'e s‘tS«>tal urban , task in tn<=the politica the toi huina-n tions, °r , iK>P' 3 ,niza1 ;bhgntion a1 renewal, 1 dth the lfare Pr 8 on urban ,cial we And yet, >t0 deal «. soe■■ inform changeand the ek out -jectsare st se WS, clergy WU! jblerns co£CT ?the renev/alP^l imp°rta' ,d pro 1 fhe “> ““X Xho should play an city ai itizens in a very people of c' clergy , the lUnity goals- tha‘ rve i “‘^conununu, mui of the future » that churches isn’t it <=lear tlXe individual individual ethics ethic s to a true^ un y es and pn»>«y'»"C,erTnhrsocial etM and the the soc: individu’ the compassion Senate different fr^om ^“^Xders and church r Church leaders , our so that they fore modify their °rSanlZ^onl personal ministry a only personal utp The church which stresses on y H , cteasingly irrelevant in the exploding metropolis of th S:Xofl^:Xaa'S means participating in the power struggles, in e organizations, in the automated society of the future. The Churchin the America of the future must rec cial redemption" is as important as "personal salvation NEW JUSTIFICATIONS FOR THE COORDINA1 Suggested th.11 tW° years ago the National As sociation of or Federal Aid^01^ C,°Unty create the position of Count' to Provide seveJ°r inator- We suggested that this po 1 services to the communit new official would keep ] fully informed o and technii -^ical’ assistanc atiOns> *ee programs. He satisfaction of < tobeav°r' various celigibility requireme: Offiees alaif ■S°n the --------- The office w; M to “ county and the Serve as in£r -----: respective Wch pities, ornaation center and progra: eceive < > and even private gru 1 asSlst; ance. State �ratingho ^Sfug . affic c> oVer. s’ racial raC‘al tensions crowded r!Ustained eff ’ blighted con, aCho°13. and hardcoreun^ efforts °f all l distrJ CIWens for their n UnererCia gent People *Plovther e are in a ciK with <CaPable lead an enviroy-,^ CltV> can, •’"‘UW b,t.' shlp; ronment ren. ne‘lg aU th* Thls the c°nduciv, e to S°od li vin 1 8Uid^ living"," goal of the M°del Citi ® °r e’ b^ng ‘ -1 CitUs „ r ‘h«««l Ls is where th Ves and les Program> n take the in’!-C UrCh> *sou"dlybas,d j pire lay leadera‘1Ve “ Citation in 3hiP to l>e™“XenteliP1€ want to liv, — ve betxocal probl ems. X S6rv’"o,. X‘h py=i«ssiona7 °f the ^ree faith s feel gc°rnmunit generally the ^ious InstitnX^ knowledge as_lm toPr°vement. However, what to do. apparently the unity improVement Continustrongest among all f motivation torganization is usually ree -faiths. The important preserva----- z to the members than ”«aU Xhility f°r - =o_ity deXX—6 c?aX Xat XVxrx “ h Hcome apartments. Catholic parish.X" Pr°Vid<! land br -ve into their neighborhoodLXloc Ae'd'r ‘“T"* “ stant congregations relocated from a former slum church area , "to a hllX d esent th'transformation of its lies JXh blighted commercial area with its public lies. Jewish synagogues seem to want to move to the sub- hurches seem to follow their memberships to the suburbs, city church remains, its members become completely unr the church's neighborhood. rches continue to draw people of similar backbrounds and a all parts of the metropolitan area, this mitigates against icern for the neighborhood and therefore any concern about .ems of the future of the city. If the underprivileged resiwly deteriorating area do not become the recipients of the rches of the future, the church as an institution of our soe failed to understand the problems of nearly one t ir churches should pay attention to ‘h' as to their members who l.ve out of the area a revitalize -inizati°n "faith ? ° striving to realize their socioeconomic goals as set forth h *Great Society". This is where the "store-front" churches perform ,lmost impossible task in the changing city. A11 churchcs » nize their obligations to the total urban area. Churches must, therefore learnto deal with the organizations , the political forces , the power struc' tures, and the social welfare programs that have human implications. The clergy must seek out information on urban renewal, urban change and the broad problems of community change. And yet, the last group of citizens in a city to know about the renewal projects are the members of the clergy, the very people who should play an important role in for­ mulating community goals. Isn't it clear then, that churches of the future must move from primary concern with the individual ethics to a true understanding of social ethics? The social ethics and the social concern of the city of the future is quite different from the compassion with individual ethics in the village setting of the past. Church leaders and church members must seethecities ofAmericaas essential to our civilization, and must there­ fore modify their organizations so that they remain relevant in the fut­ ure. The church which stresses only personal ministry will become in­ creasingly irrelevant in the exploding metropolis of the future. This means participating in the power struggles, in the development of vocal organizations, in the automated society of the future. The Church in the America of the future must recognize that "social redemption" is as important as "personal salvation. NEW JUSTIFICATIONS FOR THE COORDINATOR Nearly two years ago the National Association of Counties ( I __ ) suggested that each county create the position of County Uiban Advisor or Federal Aid Coordinator. We suggested that this postion e create d to provide several important services to the community. as™’ aXeXe’a'l XstX grant applicationS) satisfaction of eligibility requirements, ar also designed ships among various county departments. The office was e. and federal to be a liaison between the county and the respec iv coordinator foi offices and to serve as information center and Pr0^* in the county ^nnicipalities, school district, and even priva e g Whlch receive federal assistance. lOOlZtf �Some four hundred counties established such an offiCe. e present time, in cooperation with our National Conference of c Development Coordinators (NCCDC), the National Association of Co ounty is preparing a series of manuals which should be very helpful to c n^e!S wishing either to establishthe position of County Development Coord' nLleS' or to revise and strengthen this position. On the basis of nea 1 & °r years of experience, we have ample evidence that the County De *’W° ment Coordinator position is extremely valuable and repays its c °P~ times over. ostmany by Bernard F. Hillenbrand, Executive Director ; tfiLi ^31968 WILKES COLLEGE, WILKES-BARRE, pA I yoL I _ FEBRUARY 15, 1968 A SOUND MERIT SYSTEM Naco 1967 ACTS OF INTEREST TO LOCAL GOVERNMENTS Act 38. / ____ by increasing Amends the First Class Township Code the maximum rate ofr the annual tax ____ ,, <• for ■” fire - ■ fighting ■ - from —j one mill to two mills and allowing the revenue from the taxto be used for operating fire apparatus as well as for purchasing and maintaining it. Act.41. Amends the Optional Third Class City Charter Law by prohibiting any member of <city " council from heading an ; ’ administrative department under the council11-manager plan of government. Act 47. Amends the Local Tax Enabling Act to give municipal­ ities imposing earned income taxes discretion (rather than requiring that they do so) on crediting payment of income taxes to other political subdivisions by their residents, where the residents of the political sub­ division exercising that discretion are similarly given credit. THOUGHTS FOR TODAY A good woman inspires a n A beautiful woman fascinates him:man: A brilliant woman interests him: And a sympathetic woman gets him. Behind every successful more surprised. man stands a woman who couldn't be PUBLICATION This News-letter, originated in the Institute published monthly . as a community service, and inquiries may be addressed of Regional to Affairs c College. Notes gional Affairs, Wilkes College.’ W> Dr. Hugo V.°f Wilkes __ ,, • Mailey, Institute of Re" -ege, Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania. ' A merit system is peculiarly an American term as an r a public personnel management. No one else uses this term The BT' and some others occasionally speak of "merit principles", but only in the United States is the phrase "merit system" used to describe a governmen tai personnel system with three very general characteristics- (1) selec tion by merit through competitive examination; (2) protection from par tisan removal while on the job; and, (3) some limitations on the partisan political activity of civil servants while on the job. The Pendleton Act was revolutionary. It was not revolutionary by the curbing of patronage, important though that idea was. Itwas the more subtle provisions that acted to set United States public personnelmanage­ ment off in a direction that no other country has explored to the same extent. The "revolutionary" concepts that created an exceptionally fluid style of merit system mechanism were as follows: (1) the idea of nation­ wide examinations open to all, with no restrictions because of social class, the university attended, residence in some particular part of the country, or prior political affiliation; (2) the specific requirement that examinations be practical and as little tied in with formal education as Possible; and (3) the omission of upper age limits for entrance into public service. be consonant with good .trxs management. will answer the following: —- »“■ g°°d 1. Does the system recognize individuality a for that individuality to express its el m 2. 3. 4. 5. “ competition and cooperation with others? nition of superior talent? Does the system provide for the iec°^ oj tbe inferior? Does the system provide for the rejec _ Does the system permit managers to^ onSj,veness to the genera Does the system help encourage r P will of the body politic? �our ;77ntoeXnbHc XTcTInd^ are him move they are 11 i. les well-Lsigned tohelp the new person utilize his talents cases, even In otherwords, ourmerit systems have provided oppor. to the utmost, of ability, but most civil service commissions have tunity for persons them to appear. This is especially true of local g0Vtended to wait for ernment. Many jurisdictions could do much better in terms of incentive awards systems. Where these systems have been well worked out and where the awards are really worth something, they have proved bonan­ zas in idea production. If talent is recognized, the inferior can be left behind. Super­ visory improvement is left to chance in too many jurisdictions. But this is not enough. Better supervision and guidance of the individual em­ ployee can help in many cases. The most important device for the eli­ mination of inferior employees - the probationary period - is not used enough. This is true at all governmental levels, and especially at the local level. Some sort of severance pay system to provide more of a cushion than is now customary for those to be -- and who should be -let out of the public service should be built into a merit system. Per­ formance ratings donotalways present the adequacies and inadequacies of employees. wer for the future lies in labor and time saving equipment, and onlyhighest utilizati°n °f emPloYee skills. the 1 Merit systems will continue to increase, of he question of whether a merit system, once e greatest significance stablished, meets the is 1 ^Antioned criteria of good management. taiforern When the ordinances creating a merit system were passed by the Board of Luzerne County Commissioners and the Wilkes-Barre City Council, the Institute of Regional Affairs greeted the news with cautious optimism. Whether the County Commissioner s exercised powers within the framework of the County Code and whether the City Council utilized powers within the meaning of the Third Class City Code was and still is a legal question beyond the scope of this article. And although both ex­ periments were short lived, the establishment of a merit system is bound to come to local governments in the not too distant future. What then? Will a system be created that will recognize indi­ viduality? How? Will provision be made for superior talent? Will an active recruiting and testing program be incorporated into the merit sys­ tem? What about pre-service and in-service training? Will a system of incentives be included as an integral part of the in-service training program? These questions, and many others, must be discussed now, lest undue importance be attached to but a single aspect of a merit system, such as the prohibition of political activity by public service employees. Perhaps American public employees are almost too responsive o t e public. At the state and local levels such problems of responsiveresnprt 7 to derIve from inadequate rules and regulations with regulation/ conflicts of interest. Moreover, even where such so that emnloX1St’ *7 ade9uately explained and interpreted employees understand or know what is ejected. system. in the begin^™3 started ln government to combat the spoils recruitment, testing t^^’- gOvernment was far ahead of industry -- in a matter of fact goVP1^lning’ c^assifioation, and employee rights. As In recent years,’industrvTntP1°neered the entire field of personnelPrograms. Governmental the need to develop good personnel lag behind. mental J^-dxctions, especially the local units, now Governmental units lems. ■y true i OnStantlY faced with recruitment pr°b its c-retaining' emnlo11 C°mpetition with industry. Financing utilizin. —‘g their high, '-lls^ getting the most from them, a"d - lest skill. op-X*' :ruu' q“‘resa™«chbetterjobo£tralning. Th' LIGHTING IMPROVEMENTS IN PLYMOUTH Luzerne Electric has received enthusiastic approva • ' L>m Ply) further develop two pro­ mouth Borough officials and business leader s to community's Main Street. Posals for beautifying and modernizing the c substantial reduction The proposals would involve elimination or wires criss°f the number r of poles lining Main Street and the maz crossin. -ig overhead. Richard H. Demmy, UGI A "workable" suggestion presented by Electric, and Robert L. e President and general manager of Luzerne is to move present ei-SSe^e'rry> Luzerne Electric operating manag Main Street. ctric lines behind the buildings fronting on -third of the present The plan also calls for the removal °f aiuminum poles ^Ood.•en poles and replacing those remaining v �eight inchesin diameterand some 1 5 feet shorter. Modern street bights would be affixed to the aluminum standards. According to Demmy, this plan would improve Main Street' appearance tremendously. "It would appear wider, neater and unclut tered, " he said pledging Luzerne Electric's willingness to initiate th" program and cooperate with borough leaders. xVI NO. yOb. XV ’ WILKES COLLEGE, WILKES-BARRE pa ’ u4d MARCH 15, 1968. Underground wiring was a second alternative. But this system while possible, may be impractical because of underground conditions’ Demmy said. WHAT ABOUT WILKES-BARRE? ? ? Luzerne Electric joined the community in seeking a solution to the problem at the request of the Plymouth Business and Professional Men's Association. Which American cities are most likely to have race riots? An article with many local implications appeared in the January 1968 issue of Public Management, the Journal of the International City Managers Association. A RULE OF THUMB For those who may wonder how to <deal ’ with ethical problems, what standard to use for maintaining honor, consider Senator Joseph Clark's rule of thumb: "Using influence on behalf of constituents is not itself immoral; indeed, it is appropriate, Benefiting per sonally from the use of the influence or taking reprisals against parts of the Government when the influence is unavailing is unethical. " ) The late Senator Claude Swanson of Virginia who, when asked to what he attributed his long and successful political career replied: The overall purpose of the study was to examine the characteris­ tics of such areas and determine what city planners . terested citizens could reasonably expect in terms o p "To m;iy unfailing adherence to three maxims of political conduct - First, be bold1 as a lion on arising tide. Second, when the water reaches the upper deck, follow the rats. And third, and most important, when in doubt, do right. Maloney's statistical analysis used 7 citizens over 65 to tion fo r each city. This ranged from the Per^® . when sorted out, the percent of workers using public transpo factors__metropolitanthes e facts could be grouped into eight bunc e empl°yinent’ highway ism, urban growth, southern syndrome, sp° drome, and low density, THOUGHT FOR TODAY The trouble with the modern generation is that it has made super highways out of almost every path except the straight and narrow one. I1 spending, Negro concentration, surbur an ne 22 actually Of the 25 cities calculated to be^th^^ Maloney^ had had riots in the four years Prior ., ility to riots an in PUBLICATION This News-letter, published monthly originated in - -a the Institute as a community c— service, of Regional Affairs and inquiries . of Wilkes -- College. Notes gional Affairs,maY be addreessed to Dr. Hugo V. Mailey, Institute of Re’ Wilkes Colleg, je, Wilkes -Barre, Pennsylvania. Northwestern University's Urban Journalism Center has comple­ ted a study which picks out riot-prone cities. The computerized study of 85 cities by Professor John Maloney, the Center1 s acting Director of Re­ search, also sorted out factors that make certain cities susceptible to high rates of murder, rape, general crime, suicide, auto deaths, and unemployment. > ranks the 85 cities as to their susceptwi Past riot experience. I the list- Scranton did Wilkes-Barre/Hazleton was ranked 64th on not aPPear on the list. Here are some hard questions which arise from the study: �, How did the researchers use the factors mentioned above in arriving at Wilkes-Barre/Hazleton'' s; rank, and are the factors that dif_ and Scranton--both of which are located ferentas between Wilkes-Barre Should the citizenry give a second look jomurdlr 'rape.^uto^X^etc. in Wilkes-Barre/Hazleton? Or, _ , auto deaths, etc. in Wilkes-Barre/Hazleton? Or > per­ tom ’ P led toa conclusion that is wholly unwarranted? haps, the researchers are sound ground in using data on a Standard Metro­ Werethe researchers ont: politan Area when the two principal cities in the Standard Metropolitan Area are 25 miles apart? ’ s a riot-prone city (which could be open to 2) If Wilkes-Barre is by the Journalism Center at Northwestern, what, question) as iindicated ----if anything, have the city officials, the city police, and all of the volun­ teer agencies done to ameliorate the conditions that could lead to a riot this summer? Is the Wilkes-Barre citizenry fully aware that it has been classified as a riot-prone city--ahead of Norfolk, Wilmington, Char­ lotte, Nashville, Birmingham, Chattanooga, Knoxville, Fresno, and Mobile? Do the people in the Wilkes-Barre/Hazleton Standard Metro­ politan Area care about their "image" ? LOCAL COMMUNITY--THREAT AND OPPORTUNITY The local urban community is in a great deal of trouble. The metropolitan region is made up of groupings of subcommunities only in a weak and weakening sense. Much of what is said about city life is based on a romantic view of the city as it existed 50 years ago. The ethnic com­ munity is a dying phenomenon now that immigration has virtually ceased and the processes of assimilation are continuing. The Negro community s a community only in the sense that it is a geographic location containmany bemoralized prople. It doesnot represent a distinctive way of life cherished by the residents. ... in the past have been largely destroyed. They are increasingly iS0d in their own communities. of the r- , 1P- they just move into a place to live. Thus thPTo • 7 whole, tney j _ r lus, there is a great defic­ iency in organizational links to the community. In the case of Negroes this deficiency in social organization is almost total. Significantly the initial proposal of local leaders m San Francisco's Western Addition was that all the federal anti-poverty money at the beginning be used to build organization on a block or neighborhood basis. This represented an ef­ fort to fill a vacuum of organization. Without organization there is no power. The Negroes want the power to say how the anti-poverty money is to be spent, what directions urban renewal in their areas is to take, and how legal services for the poor are to be administered. This situation represents botha threat and an opportunity. It can be viewed as a threat because it offers a way of fighting city hall. Thus the large city mayors appear to be almost uniformly unhappy over the organization of poor Negroes. Again, the threat is that we will have only a devisive power struggle instead of a movement toward constructive so­ lutions. But the opportunity lies in the possibility that the new organi­ zations will generate new sources of energy and innovation to solve pro­ blems. The crucial question in places like Watts is whether social or ganizations can be developed by the residents so that they can govern their own communities (with the help of outside financial and profession assistance). William Kornhauser Professor of Sociology University of California, Berkeley RIDERS IN UTICA NOW OWN BUSLIN^. temnorarv quality of co St a t'le clua^ty °f community life is declining in coneriCa‘ Allenation is only one aspect of the decline in the '■ °r " -S»tea„t sources ol the de- able relationship a °Cla organ^zat^on> in the whole complex of durto build social ornanizT Pe°ple‘ We must face squarely the urgent need g"’“t*°” “ Afferent ways than tn the past... • one being'a strutr There may not be anything different in the r' , 0Wned by read "Utica Transit Commission". Transit Commissioner Joseph Cardas . ending these cleavages in our society take many forms, vages. But in a' PluraliC °r power- Leaders cannot avoid these cleathem has to be a Political^eader^ °f leader whocan deal with sity, rather then a civic lead l °1S resPonsiveto conflict and diveriife. The kinds of social Grp61" W ° tries to represent a common way of zation members of the old middle class , ^8 buses--some old, some not so old--are dif ®ren Been changed to the People of Utica and the lettering on the sxdes has 1 the immediate letseries of innovations terin;■g change was the first step in what wi bY th.■e city-owned bus company. of Utica--let'suse it:’ "This is your bus company-you the pe°Ph ges in the bus °Peia appealed as he unveiled these cl’“g tion. II �'■ ,, "Ladies Day" service On July 12, and each Wednesday thereafter will begin. Fares during shopping hours will w-ll be reduced from 25 cents to a dime. In the near future, at a date tobe announced, express service from the New Hartford village line to downtown Utica will be inaugurated. The run is expected to be almost non-stop, with just pickups at Uptown and yOL xvi. NO. 4> WILKES COLLEGE, WILKES-BARRE, PA., APRIL 1 5, 1968. i/co no.! i Oneida Square. "As our readers know, the Institute rarely takeJ a pulAic posi- At close-out ceremonies in City Hall, the 19-year-old Utica Tran­ sit Corporation was sold to the city for $690, 250. The transfer ended three years of discussions on the sale. Wallace S. Sweet, president of the private company finally received approval of the sale from the State Public Service Commission, the last hurdle before city ownership. He had announced some years before that he could no longer operate the company profitably. local government matters. As a service agencyfor localgoverntion on x we have accepted the policy that we should not, exments in the region, mostunusual instances, express an Institute position on pubcept in the 1. lie matters. The above is the stated policy of the Institute of Local Govern­ The above is the ment at the Univer sity of Pittsburgh. THIS IS NOT THE POLICY OF THE INSTITUTE OF REGIONAL AFFAIRS AT WILKES COLLEGE. The IRA has never hesitated to take a position on public issues which affect local SOMETHING TO THINK ABOUT I The January issue of the FBI National Academy Newsletter car­ ried an interesting article on anew pay incentive program put into effect September 1st by the Monroe, Louisiana Police Department. government. At times, the IRA has deliberately stirred up controversy and debate because of the salutary effect that discussion produces. The Constitutional Convention finished its work the basic document and now the fruits of that Conven ion will be subas Promitted to the voters. The local government article wi P A Monroe Police Officer with one year of college work receives a bonus of $50 per month, $75 per month for two years of college, $100 extra for three years of college, and if he earns a degree, is entitled to an extra $150 per month. These are bonus payments over and above the regular base pay for Monroe Police. posal No. 6 on the ballot. papers tovote^on pro. THE IRA URGES ALL OF ITS POSAL NO. 6 WHICH WILL BE SUBMITTED AT TH The program has already had a tremendous effect on recruitment with a number of applicants having college degrees and considerable col­ lege work. The ultimate goal of the program is threefold: to increase standards, increase proficiency of the individual officer, and to be able to offer the applicant higher salaries. 59th sLhseiJn°gFBINAaSCOnCeiVed Chief°f Police James APR 191968 VOTE YES! 1 ! In the fall, Sunday and evening service will begin. C. Kelly, Jr. PUBLICATION This News-letter, published monthly as a community service, originated in the Institute of Regional Affairs of Wilkes College. Notes and inquiries may be addressed to Dr. Hugo V. Mailey, Institute of Re­ gional Affair s, Wilkes College, Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania. 18703. election. I <xt of Proposal No..6. They tnd 3; County ;ed in Sections 2 am Six major topics have been 4 and included in other see­ are; Home Rule and Structural Options ded in term "municipality" asusGovernment treated specifically m Lent trea and Area Governmi tions by virtue of its inclusion withm 8; Appr0treated in Section ^e Proposal; Intergovernmental Coope 10, and 12; in Sections 9, 1' ted in Sections 5, 6, and 7; Boundary Ch^ ated g Priation for Public Purposesand De and Local Apportionment treated m 11. •. concur ower and the strict con•ule charter p°'the rule of *■The proposed grant of home $ reversest rent grant of residual power s �Another approach to intergover struction of the municipal charters, commonly known as Dillon's Rule. Local governments operating under the "residual" powers philosophy will be empowered to exercise all those powers not specifically denied to them by their charters, by the Legislature, or by the Constitution. A home rule charter could encompass all those powers a municipality may desire to be a governmental unit responsive to the needs of the people. Whatever powers are to be included in a Home Rule Charter must receive an affirmative vote of the people in a referendum. The most obvious problem that the Legislature will eventually have to solve under this section would be the allocation of the proper di­ vision of responsibility between counties and other local units since both levels of government would possess "residual" powers. In Section 3 of the Proposal, the i’”_---philosophy of "home rule" rule" is again evident. If a municipality does not choose a Home Rule Charter form of government, this section provides for ernment. A good illustration is second class ■ • "Optional Plans" of gov­ townships. Today, these townships may have a three-man Board of Supervisors, lation is over 10,000 the township may elect a five-man Board or if the popuvisors. In addition to these choices, this sectionwould permit of addition Super-­ al forms which, by referendum, the voters of the township may adopt. The Proposal would also insure to counties the flexibility to adopt forms of government suited to the characteriste would provide a slightly modified form of the cs of the counties. It government for those counties not choosing present structure of county of government ora home rule charter form,ig to accept an optional form vention because the county level of government is was done by the Con­ . This solution of metropolitan and area-wide problems that an ideal vehicle for the boundaries. spill over municipal Some of the provisions of Section 4 are: the oner and surveyor would be discontinued; the ~ — county office of cordefender is mandated; all county officers will be than fees; and county treasurers may succeed appointive office <of public -c paid by salary,, rather themselves. The Proposal also contains three sections municipality to cooperate, either voluntarily or tation, with other governmental units, on public r! that would permit any and fire protection, garbage disposal, and air and upon voter implemenservices such as police tion 5 of the Proposal expands previous law to include J water pollution. Section as an optional method of initiating intergovernmental Further, it permits municipalities to transfer functions to other voterimplementamental units, including the State or Federal government. _j;_1 cooperation. govern- „ provide for governments ofareas inyf'""’1 As^U°P“'M out ty, an "umbrella" government with inte,p8niOre thanone enip°Wered ty- The hot question of consolidation governmental dlctl°n. annexati°n is r- . resolved0 in the t0 the delight ofZ?^ — J class vention decided to permit partial annexat °r°Ughs and cities The Conration of a majority of eteetors voting upon , c°mplele unit. proposal by leaving it to the voters--m” townships and to the greater chagrin nfk Section 8 of the Proposal gives the General Assemble t0 enact "uniform" legislation establishing the procedure forCsohir tion, merger, and boundary changes. The General Assembly is to desk nate an agency to study boundary changes and advise municipalities of the result of their deliberations. If annexation is recommended then the a gency may place the question on the ballot. The function of the State a gency would be to serve as an impartial body to study potential annexations and to provide information on the possible impact of the boundary change to enable the voters to make intelligent decision. The present limitations on municipal indebtedness limit munici­ pal debt to 15% of the assessed valuation of taxable property, and further local borrowing may not be incurred beyond 5% without the consent of the electors. -------- k the debt limit The Constitutional Convention Proposal remo based upon i a percentage of assessed valuation and mandated a base that will be‘ a percentage of revenues computed over a period immediately Thus the real criteria (ability to preceding the year of the borrowing-----repay th.e orrowed money) for debt limits is tailored to fit each local unit of government. ■ 3 onmuniciThe delegates to the Convention felt some av0^d t„_ the rigid limiPal debtt were desirable, but they were anxious twenty years, tations which restricted local governments or ving it tothe LegisTheY felt greater flexibility could be achieve y vided by the Coniature to establish the restrictions withint e ha|-the Legislature wi stitution. While it is notpossibleto predict now uniform for all types Provide is probable debt limits wi the class or siz nf » it - -« MUcXUie that LllcLL the LL1C ULMV *-----Of ^Unicipalities and that rates will vary depen the lorai cal government unit. authority financi^ Borrowing The Convention made no attempt to eliminate beeaUs or self-supporting nature e of its self-liquidating �anticipation of current revenues has consistently been 1 exdud, term "debt". Both of these Convention clarifications ;are the decisions of the Pennsylvania Supreme Court. 1 the stent. With the principle of ' SKt-i>»llb,P2nsal guarantees cay » 1962, U.S."one Suprwi; Since the ^/"utical and legal controversy m reappor. °ne Uncs have created a d state legislative reapportionment. • Sui C°Urt Tat focusing of congreSSs1entation has been excluded. In Pennsylie tionnae ’;n local level repres t deal with local apportionment EqUa 1 Ythe present Constitution blyhas provided that the power , VOl" XVI, NO. 5, WILKES COLLEGE, WILKES-BARRE, pA., MAY 15, 1968 provided that cities, boroughs, _ Ls> and and townships be SIXTEENTH ANNUAL DINNER In proposing Section 11, the basic considerations of population (not voters) and representation are mentioned. Federal census figures aretobeused. More recent figures maybe used if the governing body of a local unit deems it necessary. In determining standards for Section 11, districts are to be compact, contiguous, and substantially equal in popu­ lation. No provisions were included to prohibit gerrymandering. The Legislature will have to enact auniform law to make this Section opera­ tive. make this Section The essence of Proposal No. 6 is that local government should be in the hands of the people, whenever feasible, have the Under this Article, the electorate should, actions by majority vote. opportunity to approve or disapprove local The p~Prerequisite is clear--only an intelligent voter can assist in grating l0Cal v°ter can even government in the future. But first-only an intelligent Pretend to understand Proposal No. 6* VOTE Yes °N APRIL 23rd! I i I J J i 1,68. at 6:00' P. M. We expect to make this a gala occasion'for Lai officials and local government employees in Northeastern Pennsylvania particularly in Luzerne County. This Dinner really brings to a climax the year's activities in local government which the Institute of Regional Affairs has conducted. The main speaker of the evening will be The Honorable Bernard C. Brominski, President Judge, Court of Common Pleas, Luzerne County. There have been many changes in the responsibility and role of munici­ palities in our expanding economy. I am certain that Judge Brommski will have a timely message for all interested in local government. Every year at the Annual May Dinner the Institute Affairs presents Service Awards to those local officials a^n y^_ who have contributed untiringly over a long number o year vice of their respective governments. The Institute will-J^Xnty. annual service plaque to an outstandingpublic servantin Luzerne ^S2^^2HTSFOr_toDAY College Plan to be there, May 28th. P^idents never die, they just lose their faculties. to i'm not denyin match the that women men. are foolish; This Nev- °riginatted , m the ] pandinquiriec S10nal AffairSniay be *'s’ Wes God Almighty made 'em £^il2ATloN onthly as a community service, egi0nal Affa ; Wilkes College. Notes J Dr Hu g0 V College, ivfailey, Institute of Re Pennsylvania. 18703- adcr;ssew THE SUPREME COURT ANDPOLICE , s Supreme Court has _ U lited States S P rede£ini - '• ied the During the seven years -umw me past past seven y«^^-the Un. have comply V .11 citizens down a number of o£ decisions wl— goar»»t«d P°Hce officers' officers' role role in in protecting protecting rnnstitutionofthe United States. All decisions and mader the Fourth Amendment {amiliar with ue Fourth Amendment to to the the Cons *ell informed police officers shou rmed police officers shoul the nature of their effect on police :e �stating that although the Mapp decision sanction of’ exclusion of____ illegall^X 7evide “^ °ec 1S10n . convi cffon stailug it __ ,lies in federal courts, does not imnl, nceto the 1 state courts « £er' s this test still being largely J, I reasonablesa^e of the individual state. app’■ther, although the federal rules requir enforcement -4 e the announce E purpose n1 not apply to officers,these rules are ---------not of Constitutional status fur’ the states. of law Right to be Free from Unreasonable Searches and Seizures I FOURTH AMENDMENT The right of the people to be secure in their persons, houses, papersand effects against unreasonable s earches and seizures, shall not be violated and no warrant shall issue, but upon probable cause, sup­ ported by oath or affirmation, and particularly describing the place to be searched, and the persons or things to be seized. Mapp Ohio (1961) Police officers, without a search warrant, entered the home of Dollree Mapp, a suspected violator of the gambling laws of the State of Ohio, and seized a quantity of obscene books and pictures. The Su­ preme Court held that the seized material could not be used in evidence in a criminal prosecution. In effect, this decision applied the exclusion­ ary rule, which had been in use in the federal system since 1941, to criminal prosecutions in state courts. The Court reasoned that "---- if letters andprivate documents can thus be seized and held and used in evi­ dence against a citizen accused of an offense, the protection of the Fourth Amendment declaring his right to be secure against such searches and seizures is of no value, and, so far as those thus placed are concerned, might as well be stricken from the Constitution. " Wong Sun v. U.S. and d° (1964) Texas Aguilar v. :e officers seize- -San . Antonio polic narcotics. Theentered searchthe andh sX^ appellant and the authority of a warrant which gave as probable WaS made under eized quantity < the facta that the affiant had received information fm^6 f°r.the search ithority of a thatfact narcotics were being that the affiant hadstored on the premiseTV Credible Person evidence, the Court ruled that the same standard for ? SUppressing the rcotics were being < warrant on the federal level applies to the states Tk a ®earch the Courtbecause ru' case was, deficient it gave no basis *" lhis on the ituthfulness andfederal did not state how the informant came harX* deficient because and did not mation that he passed on to the police. I (1964) Stoner v. California California police obtained incriminating evidence from the hotel I room of the defendant which they had searched, without a warrant, upon the consent of the hotel clerk. The court suppressed the evidence, ruling thatonlythe occupant of the roomcould give avalid consent to the search (1963) thereof. Federal and State Narcotics Agents unlawfully entered the de­ fendant's home and arrested him. As a result of this arrest, the de­ fendant confessed involvement in narcotics activity and told the agents where they could find a quantity of narcotics. The agents went to the address given by the defendant and found the narcotics were not admissable into evidence against the defendant, The Court reasoned that since the evidence was found as a result of the confession which was given by the defendant after he was illegally arrested, the evidence was "the fruit of the poisonous tree". In I other words, the illegality of the arrest tainted all evidence subsequently obtained. Ker v. California Sanford v. Texas (1965) r of awarde r the authority ; literature perrtaining to Courtt ruled the war- Texas police police officers officers raided a Texas rant authorizing them to seize "books an^ the operating of the Texas Communist a^ se^zure rant invalid because it authorized a gen ^cu^ariy desc ribmg. • • • Fourth Amendment requirement of P t° be seized". I (1963) Police officers observed Ker making a rendezvous with a known narcotics distributor <” ' and then observed him taking evasive action in his automobile_ in la an effort to shake the police officers who were following him. The police went to his apartment and, without explaining their pur­ pose or(demanding entry, broke into the apartment and seized a quantity of narcotics that; was in plain view therein. The Supreme Court upheld U-S. v. Ventresca —rating . thc deiend*"' <« * obtained by a The Court upheld the c°nJ‘ge„ce In this c»s author«V of a war­ an illegal still. The bulk of the e entsunder inferences drawn by Marchand seizure made by Reve ation and theUse<T ’ gJa*t based largely on hearsay inf heldthathat m that i» the agents fromrelated facts. Th ^arrant an (1965) search proPer on an affidavit for searc �01968 rjlie LB. A. Xews-letWt cases, judicial preference will be accorded those searches made upOn judicial preference the authority of warrants over cases wherein the search is made withOut a warrant. fa, 'WILKES COLLEGE, WILKES-BARRE, PA., JUNE 15, 1968 California (1967) Cooper %vi, Over-ruling, in part, an earlier case which held that a search of an automobile without a search warrant was illegal unless it was made contemporaneous in time and place with the arrest of the occupant of the auto, the Court upheld the search of a car which had been seized from a violator of the narcotics law after the vehicle had been removed to the police ga-rage. McCray v. Illinois THE KING IS DEAD ! (1967) Two police officers, accompanied by a confidential informant, were on patrol on Chicago's South Side. The informant pointed out an individual standing on the sidewalk who he said was a narcotics pusher. The informant then got out of the car and walked away. The police ap­ proached the suspect, searched him and found narcotics. At the trial, the police refused to disclose the identity of their informant. The Su­ preme Court upheld the conviction, stating that there was ample evidence that the informant was of provable reliability, there was no necessity for the disclosure of his identity. NO. I I LONG LIVE THE KING! light note from the heading, the Luzerne County NewsAs you m: Because of the increased activities of the Institute of letter is no more. and since the Institute is not limited to Luzerne County Regional Affairs < now officially becomes the IRA News-letter. alone, this publication The Luzerne County News-letter which started as a community service of the Institute of Municipal Government must now give way to its offspring -- the IRA News-letter. There has beena subtle change in edi­ torial policy but the News-letter will continue to be as helpful and infor­ mative as it has been in the past. Wp We hone hope you you will find it as useful as the old News-letter. THE NEW INGREDIENT IN POLITICSjW "A Survey of Recent Decisions of United States Supreme Court Affecting the Police " by Douglas D.McBroom Law Enforcement Bulletin February,1968 THOUGHTS FOR TODAY a U-turn. P ce is the area that disappears while you are making The speaker-to-be inquired inquired of of the the chairman, "How long shall I talk? " The chairman answered cheerfully, "Why, take as long as you like - we all leave at 8:30. " PUBLICATION This News-letter, published monthly as a community service, originated in the Institute of Regional Affairs of Wilkes College. Notes and inquiries r may be addressed to Dr. Hugo V. Mailey, Institute of Regional Affairs,, Wilkes College, Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania. Previous to the 1900 Era local governments and were chiefly made up of three particular ^e^a^.ceand the City Clerkticular functions. The Fire Department, the keep the peace - and to their respective jobs were to protect property keep the records. and bridges. obile demanded better r° eratoo The advent of the automobile de blem. Th “ngovThis also created an engineering an P dditional parking- rticai figure, necessitated solution of new sewers an neW kind of p° 1 und rathernments then found it necessary 0 j ability and a ,ution in Villages and cities began to look for a m atest Technica er than a vote procurer. Then came °nr history. Times have changed -- enq. they? n £eels an incr63^ There is no que stion that the elected C que stion that the resPonsibility in this growing Amer era°f technology has soared up like ern government must be geared at age f aut^m^ of mod- thuS the d level to g �industrial growth of the 20th century. The city resident makes continuing insistent demands on his local government, which, therefore, necessi­ tates important decisions. Every facet of our taxpayers'welfare must be considered before that right decision can be made. On the local level, the urban citizen has a variety of needs. He needs greenery and fresh air, as well as good sewers and pure water. He needs shopping and en­ tertainment facilities, as well as fire and police protection. He needs mass transit lines, as well as four-lane expressways. He needs planning zoning and enlightened taxadministrationto protect the value of his home his business, and his job. I I I II I I The International Union of Electrical Workers, AFL-CIO, has requested. that . . the Philip Murray__ House - anapartment house for the elderly - be exempted from local real estate taxes in Philadelphi;ia. "There is no question that we will not build unless the Murray House is given a tax exemption, " said Harry Block, the Union's National Housing Director. "This is a program for the elderly who have limited incomes. " Block also predicted that four other organizations will aban­ don plans for similar projects, "if they can't get tax breaks. ” When will all the tax exemptions end? Can local, governl”e^ afford to increase amounts of tax exemption properties . vpars mous treasuries that local unions have been building up ove* Arethey do they really need a tax exemption for such apartment• °US® exemption? really performing a service to society when they as IT'S TIME FOR A CHANGE IN EDUCATION £aaa^°CHURCHES malls. There's no reason, in over 80% ° the new Marketplace Ministry be a new kind of counchurched-" ° 1 dealing with the family, personal problems, adjustment, TAX EXEMPTIONS There is a g----great need for the career type politician dedicated to good government to r o replace the old-fashioned office holder whose sole thought is for winning the ing the next election. This is the type of political leader we ineed — 1 today. ' This is the type of political leader our urban survival demands. ' —2-. This new political leader must supply the new ingredient in government, With men like that shouldering the responsibility we will surely write ter in the welfare a new page in good government and a brand new chapof mankind. ( Norman M. Gaffney) The church is fording to Strouse, the latest element to be added to th Landmark Shopping Greenberg & Co., a e shopping center firm that Center in Alexandria, N- Greenberg, Jr has just launched the Virginia. had to say of the unique project. This is what Sydney "In 20 years of shop ‘ _ ---shopping c ipping center ’ center take the place that M; development, we have Place into" ’.ain Street used to hold as a g —-**& . .owns and cities in ** America, watched the based population, people are reviving11old p Greenberg. "In our suburbansaid gathering centers and the centers have assumed th< -J patterns of behavior in shopping place or village green. Friends meet in t lunch, stop to chat on the shopping center ie social uses of the old market­ shopping center restaurants for ,, it strange that finally a spot has beenfound in shopping cenIsn ,, _ work ? Will this be a new kind of "Marketplace Ministry” ? for G°dfs Marketplace Ministry will develop in view of the fact that ^hat kind ° the 5 million shoppers who use shopping centers are ”un- seling serV1CU .rfehlW care? As we moved toward a more urban society we moved to an era of inter-dependence. The American people began to see that government required the services of the skilled, the trained, and the professional to face up to the complex problems of today. Today municipal govern­ ment is demanding the development of a new type of elected executive. new type of elected The stature of this modern political executive - or politician - if you executive or speculation. Tax­ will - must be upgraded to keep pace with this age- of keep pace with this age of speculation. payers, today, should settle for nothing less than the best qualified and nothing than the best qualified highest type of candidate to perform theless serious legislative tasks and perform the serious legislative tasks policy making demanded in this age of a ■ age of a moving America. SHOPPING why the church, which played mind i such a la ge Part in our ,t Gulture 1 can't move with the Population Stree; tbe aaction —'--’ is. " Today's typical classroom stillL under standable inthe fie^ or more years ago. Resistance to g with human °f education since it is a complex field ger, this resistance should not endure much o i I I I I be here, when children The time is coming, in fact it may air t^an within a clas , Can le,arn far more and far faster in the outsid^ of energy and diversify , r°°rn. The modern urban environment is on f°rceful info —Jrmation. „ of Education figures Dr. Louis Bright, Associate tt • S. .Commissioner nlarge citie 'where . foi* Research, has shown in his stu ie rage I.Q- ® than high school are attainable, dropouts have highe that some is wrong- K 8rad^ates. This would seem to indite that �the could be that educators are busy preparing us for a world that no longer I exists. NO. 7, l.u News-tetter WILKES COLLEGE, WILKES-BARRE, PA., JULY 15, 1968 ------------- 3 a high intelligen.ice but the old method of A person can possess rebellious, as in the case of the him teaching may cause L* to be insolent or dropout. WteANNUAL SERVICE AWARDS MUST READING: THE KERNER REPORT JUL25I%8 A special service plaque is awarded annually by the NsHt^of "Our Nation is moving toward two societies, one black, black, one white -- separate and unequal. " This is the controversial conclusion of the National Advisory Commission on Civil Disorders report released this March. The report is must reading for every city official. Regional Affairs at Wilkes College to a dedicated public servant whose contribution has been beyond the call of duty. This year the service plaque was presented at the Annual May Dinner to Dr. David Kistler, former president of the Board of Education in Wilkes-Barre. He was president of the Board during a period of change in the city school system and was responsible for instilling a philosophy of keeping the citizens of Wilkesa Barre informed of all school activities, including all of the problems of The report raps local governments for the lack of communication and the absence of regular contacts with ghetto residents. Even when needs of the ghetto are known, city governments are poorly organized to respond effectively to them, the report says. It adds that ghetto residents increasingly believe that they are excluded from the decision-making process and that this feeling of exclusion, intensified by racial discri­ mination, has produced a deep-seated hostility toward the institutions of government and has compromised the effectivenes s of programs intended to provide improved services to ghetto residents. administration and taxation. Other Service Award winners were: Peter Patrylak, Zigmund May, and Louis Vargo, Hanover Township fire truck drivers; Hazleton City Fire Department Chief Paul E. Ziegler; Luzerne County Civil De­ fense instructor, Anthony Broody; Plains Township planning commis sioner, Arthur Fanelli; Plymouth Boroughpolice sergeant, Alfred Mundy. These developments, the report says, "have coincided with the demise of the historic urban political machines and the growth of the 'city manager' concept of government. While this tendency has produced major benefits in terms of honest and efficient administration, it has eliminated an important political link between city government and low-income resi­ dents. " .■ck Borough; West WyoPolice Chief Eugene R. Brown, Nescopei ; White Haven Borough police Wills and Fire Captain ming Borough Councilman, Joseph Salvo;Charles 1. chief, Ervin G. Carter; Police Captain C- j Councilman, Frank Bonomo; Edward Williams, Wilkes-Barre; Yatesville Forty Fort school director, Herman Plieskatt. 1- thoughts for today Some girls are like cars; if you don't keep them filled with alcohol, they freeze up on you. POUCESCHOLASSiS5 IRA can femlM.aV6rage AmeriCan male iSOUtsP°ken-'by the aver age Amer i- PUBLICATION This News-letter, published monthly as a originated in the Institute of Regional Affairs of Wilkes College,service, community and inquiries may be addressed to Dr. Hugo V. Mailey, Institute of Re­ Notes gional Affairs, Wilkes College, Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania 18703. I jublic •s determined^ the determin' .nnot gain The effectiveness of law enforce^ deP^L •t-v Rs effeC' ,olice c mnity. A1_ cooperation and support it receives. in the qUe sti°ned- * e££ectivene^ and maintain the confidence of the -ty- and al a i confidencehveness will be curtailed, and lts 1 ventt contrib» e b iic coni th°ugh physical facilities and equip«meate and keep P create Police services, they alone can �the •ernor recently approved a n mtive °lice law khlch GoV in August. It guarantees ? P annu al Pay minim Theill full-time police officers in h of 2, 500 or more. ln bor°ughs and t “ of effeC becor? WnshiPs with a to aE One of the essential factors which elevates a "job" to the level Qf One of the esse a respected profession is the fact that the group establishes its own code a respected pi----of ethics. Since 1956, law enforcement has had a code and related canons of ethics. - ----of Police Ethics. Article II of the latter, entitled Attitude Toward pro, fession, stresses thepointthat by diligent study and sincere attention to self-improvement, a police officer can strive to apply science to the solu­ tion of crime and to make for effective leadership and influence in human »5.zilation °. Therefore, the Board of Trustees of Wilkes College has instituted scholarship program for regional police to be administered by the In­ stitute of Regional Affairs. The scholarship will include tuition and text­ books. Scholarships to the Wilkes College Institute of Regional Affairs for extended education have been awarded to Detective Walter E. Wint, Wilkes-Barre Police Department, and Corporal Eugene J. Brennan, Pennsylvania State Police, according to Dr. Eugene S. Farley, presi­ dent of the college. Detective Wint, 78 Sheridan Street, has been affiliated with the Wilke -----s--Barre Police Department for 14 years, six of which were spent as a patrolman. Prior to his present post, he was cruiserman, jailer, and ambulance driver. C . Corporal Brennan,. 547 Miller Street, Luzerne, has been with the Pennsylvania State Police — e for 21 years. He received his promotion to corporal in June of this year. He is a criminal investigator. c- poPulonger the time the it str— >at the very hearttoofconsider local govern"!" ’’"”'3 the la • --tedofficials ' the right of i : It iSn0 to determine matters for th^ •trikes: competent to decide on police salaries ’ relationships. To this end, many cities have established police training programs for high quality public service. Many communities, large and small, have enacted training ordinances which spell out compensation, incen­ tives, and promotion for on-the-job and off-the-job training. Contracts with colleges and universities have been entered into for special courses or for joint staffing. Leaves of absences have been extended to include college based training. In some instances, the police officer pays the cost of tuition and other expenses and is reimbursed after successfully completing the course. TIME is NOW! ? SUpervisors that h? elected$5 —, to councilmen, 200the minimum salary in a weahhy sLbJ J" "" “fel is saying aren't mt from the effect in an impoverished coml?^ is ty ln a depressed of the of the state. That time is past. differe: area e. Whatwill theeffectof this law be locally? According to a wage and salary survey prepared by the IRA in early 1968, only Kingston Borough and Hanover Township budgeted at or above the $5, 200 minimum. Of course, a few of the municipalities have raised the salary minimums for police officers since the survey was completed. Nevertheless, there are still seventeen boroughs (with a population of more than 2, 500) which did not allocate this minimum. Only one of the four first-class townships in Luzerne County provided for it. Surprising and shocking though it may be, not one of the four third-class cities in the County budgeted for this mini­ mum. The low state of affairs is amply illustrated when only two muni­ cipalities approach the new minimum in police salaries which takeseffect I I I I I I in August. the municipalities going What are to be considered, since i to do? There are a number of alternatives There is not much time left. i too late to increase taxes. I I to curtail some of the services the Obviously, one solution would be ich the minimum, or reduce th? ,ed offi' of the dismiss offered by the municipality in order to reasalaries ‘ economically number of police officers and allocate the s is practical or solution oers to those remaining. Neither • the possibility of jointhiring municipalities. This method is —nSider A mor e logical solution is to of the State. The details of such .3 and. adjacent .ent, requiring only the rescheduling Policemen by contiguous a feasible. Detective Wint and Corporal Brennan have attended numerous in-training classes during the inceptio: m of the IRA. For the past eight years, Detective Wint has served as will make available to them related an instructor. These scholarships courses in police training. It is hoped that the completion of college courses by police officers will encourage their communities to establish incentives in the development of professionalism in --- .. .,i law enforcement work. part Trite wide-spread in the western joint hiring are very easy to implernC" -nths st few mon ’ , • - the pai Countyjoin a Lilable. During desire to , Another logical solution is av Seated a Patrol routes. 24 naunicipalities in the County have �wide radio net for police, fire, ambulance, and civil defense jointly operated emergency network would provide efficient servi Such a municipalities. The application has been reviewed and appyovecj ; to an bY State Office of Civil Defense and has now been approved by the ’ the Office of Civil Defense in region II. Eede; -~ral The E < A. Newsletter It is a sad commentary on the principle of inte rgovern: cooperation that only 24 municipalities have availed f themselves Cental of this method to provide more efficient police protection at low -~.J cost. %VI> NO. It is a sad commentary that many of the municipalities which will have to meet the $5, 200minimumfor each full-time policeman will take the uneconomic way out by raising taxes to pay the salary and totally ' nore participating in the County-wide net. ® 8, WILKES COLLEGE, WILKES-BARR£j PA>’ AUGUST 15, i%8 EIGHTH ANNUAL COMMUNITY GROWTH CONFERENCE■ It is a sad commentary c-------- “t_ when hard economics j-----governing bodies to back into may cause local ----- ja common sense method of *providi: efficient police service. - ■ —ing more you are cordially invited to attend and participate in the ElCUTu ANNUAL COMMUNITY GROWTH CONFERENCE to be held at Wk College, on Wednesday, September 25, 1968. There is still ample time for the remaining communities ticipate in the County emergency communications to parnow. 5 system. The time is In an attempt to come to grips with the more pressing problems of our area, the sponsors of the COMMUNITY GROWTH CONFERENCE are pleased to provide this unique opportunity to share experiences with nationally known authorities who have been invited and will participate in the CONFERENCE with us. This EIGHTH ANNUAL COMMUNITY GROWTH CONFERENCE will provide an opportunity for the exchange of ideas among the various organizations and individuals concerned with the solution of the more practical problems related to the social and ec­ onomic well-being of our area. The CONFERENCE will bring together all those people interested in planning for the area. It is designed to set a pattern for future cooperative efforts among local government offi­ cials, builders, realtors, industrialists, developers, and interested minimum and efficieS^erXT^3 °PPort^ity to provide the pay O’»iUitb.juslanother 8ad commentary. thoughts for o T day Your c---- -conscience can't kee a 10t to keeP you from P You from doin. —a enjoying it. g Wrong, but it can do citizens. In thiss daY and age it than °ur lung sounds like we The theme of this year's Conference will be Resources in Northeastern Pennsylvania." Put better air in our tires Today when you see the °ne with the a father and beard is the son having a man-to-man talk, son. PUBLICATION This News-letter, published monthly as a c — originated in the Institute of Regional Affairs of Wilkes College, and inquiries may be addressed to Dr. Hugo V. Mailey. I — community service, gional Affairs, Wilkes College, Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania. -tes College. Notes Institute of Re- ■ ----18703 ad MARK THIS DATE ON YOUR CALEND IMPORTANT MEETING! ~~ I The Crisis of Human DON'T MISS THIS F°R SEARCH warrants and inspections irt of the United States in camar County of San Francisco Th 6 recent recent decisions decisions of of the the Supreme Supreme Cou: revision ahd see v" -Municipal Court of the City and y. Municipal Court of the < -—linationand °f the co;- Clty of Seattle call fora thorough eviously reexarm guided the> conduct City of Seattle call for countryb°Usin P*"s a nd procedures 1.. in this < c°nce epts and procedures which have preprograms sanitation and safety inspection i _a, the lessee al of Camara housing* nSPeC' case arose out of the refus The Camara i rmit a L-"' of the an apartment building, 1° Pe ground floor of �the occupancy permit for the building. Camara was advised of section 503 of the San Francisco housing code, but he persisted in refusing the inspectors access to his apartment without a search warrant. There­ after he was arrested and chargedunder section 507 of the code with re­ fusing to permit lawful inspection. Contending that section 503 was con­ trary to the Fourth and Fourteenth Amendments, Camara sought a writ of prohibition in the Supreme Court against his trial on the charge of violating that section. Upholding Camara's contention and overruling Frank v. Maryland, T* /___ j Justice Byron White, writing for the Supreme Court, held that adminis­ trative searches for housing violations are significant intrusions on the privacy and security of individuals--interests which are protected by the Fourth Amendment against arbitrary invasions by government officials and enforceable against the states under the Fourteenth Amendment. The Court declared that such searches when authorized and conducted without a warrant procedure lack the traditional safeguards which the Fourth Amendment guarantees to the individual. Recognizing that "the only effective way to seek universal conpliance with the minimum standards required by municipal codes is through routine periodic inspections of all structures, " he declaredthat the area inspection approach was a reasonable search of private property within the meaning of the Fourth Amendment, and provided the following guidelines for the determination of "probable cause" to issue a warrant: ". . . it is obvious that probable cause to issue a war­ rant to inspect must exist if reasonable legislative or administrative standards for conducting an area in­ spection are satisfied with respect to a particular dwelling. Such standards, which will vary with the municipal programbeing enforced, may be based upon the passage of time, the nature of the building (e. g. a multi-family apartment house) or the condition of the entire area, but they will not necessarily depend upon specific knowledge of the condition of the partic­ ular dwelling.11 The Court noted three ing: significant reservations to its general hold­ 1. Nothing in the spections, even without a opinion is intended t_ to foreclose prompt inin emergency situations. warrant, that the law h, nas traditionally upheld 2. In the light warrant specify the p- of the Fourth Amendment1 s property to be ___ _ requirement that a rants should normally b searched, "it seems 111. \ be sought only after likely that war, I—• entry is refused, > unless there I pn a citizen complaint Mediate entry. " or there is Ofk ^tist ". . • The requirement of a warr f°it seshe1 h»s „ hange in what seems to be the prXr °Cedura does „ . curing sug3- of authorizing entry, but „ot to irpYA , ** City of Seattle, the Seattle owner of alo 1V. representative of the fire Lv WarahouSe refuq In See .. arehouse warrant. Such ^P^mentT Spec?6111 ‘° enter ^d in Pect the warehouse withoutofa the warrant edsto permit a representative Se routine, periodic city-wide canvas tn Such insPectio ° fi„e»de and was ' ■ J 1“co^ 0" Was Part M P tlOn of a tion authorized c 1 ncn , lth Seattle's 3 authorized by section 8. 01-050 of the code Th " entry into buildings and inspections without a warrant’ convicted and given a suspended fine of $100 for violation See, who was . contended that the warrantless inspection authorized by of the section, -----the code would violate his rights under the r The teaching of these cases is that an entry upon and inspection of private property--residential property or commercial property not open to the public--by government officials without proper consent is an "unreasonable search and s eizure" within the Fourth Amendment and may not be enforced unless authorized by a valid search warrant. Accord­ ingly, the occupant may not be punished for refusing to permit a war­ rantless inspection. The restriction against entry on private commer­ cial property would, of course, be applicable to the portions of multi­ family houses reserved by the landlord. mob^parkinsottslaws. C. Northcote Parkinson, e^P°^d expands so as to fill the time available rkinson's Laws ("work d "expenditure^^ {inds TimesOf Londo , (uwho says 'no t0 e £adininiand effectiveraStinator to meet income"), writing in a supp that bureaucracy's Abominable No posal") is being replaced by amore su r^eprohibitive rteetostudy unmittee strator; The Prohibitive Procrastina or• {orins acOmrn sub(»> FP) doesn't say "NO" to a new .dea. rcferri»S its various xt- The committee drafts an outline p P the leg*1, financ, aI • - -ndhabitto "subcommittees formed « isCal> technical, political, hystericalwisdom, Ual aspects of the scheme. " BraC®d Lrea committed of in<luiry'dures setupP-«dUtrhis ®Ues an interim report whichis lai e eventually “ ^Otiy will convene in about six YearS in proceeding.further- W for hiding whether there is any P01* tirrn ie the pp has won the game with That fact finding is thus a a single "no"- substitute 10^ is very gen' decisi°ns �declares. "What we fail to „ ii Parkinson substitute for thought. " ec°gnize erally known, is also a s,----fact finding i~ Donald Olesen, Milw. that I News-letter flie g, WILKES COLLEGE, WILKES-BARRE PUBLIC WORKS CONTRACTORS" BOND LAW XVL Works Contractors' Bond Law in of Act No. 385, the "Public r Federal Miller Act enacted 1967" Was drafted in conformity wi pertaining to Federal 1935, as interpreted by the U.of the Act are simple and clear, Con. struction Contracts. tracts exceeding $5, 000. Prime contrac-• applies to all Precontracting agency with (a) a Performance BondIt e tors must provide: the contract; and (b) a Payment Bond, also in in the amount of luu/° . The payment Bond is to be solely for the amount of 100% ° e sunnlying labor or materials to (a) the Prime the protectionof claiman prime Contractor's subcontractors. The Contractor; or (b) toany whether or not it becomes a comAct applies to all laoui ponent part of the public work. PA. , SEPTEMBER 15, 1968 WSCOLffi SEP 111%8 EIGHTH ANNUAL COMMUNITY GROWTH ---- ^^^^^Lconj^rence [IgDApy You are cordially invited to attend and particinate ’ annual community growth conference College, on Wednesday, September 25, 1968. f k ° e eighth e held at Wilkes in Julv if 0 anuary 1, 1968. Since the Newsletter was prepared early m July, was thenndlscover di. 1968 thatit Zi edthatthe Attorney General ruled on July 11, unth J^nuaJyV, 1i9a^oeC*'Z,|J1Un^C^pa^ budgets> * cannot become effective In an attempt to come to grips with the more pressing problems of our area, the sponsors of the COMMUNITY GROWTH CONFERENCE are pleased to provide this unique opportunity to share experiences with nationally known authorities who have been invited and will participate in the CONFERENCE with us. This EIGHTH ANNUAL COMMUNITY GROWTH CONFERENCE will provide an opportunity for the exchange of ideas among the various organizations and individuals concerned with the solution of the more practical problems related to the social and ec­ onomic well-being of our area. The CONFERENCE will bring together all those people interested in planning for the area. It is designed to set a pattern for future cooperative efforts among local government offi cials, builders, realtors, industrialists, developers, and interested more time to prepare for the Zcr Pr°Vlde 10Cal municiPalities a httle citizens. CORRECTION In the last issue of this Newsletter, reference was made to the mJ P° lCepay lawsetting the minimum salary at $5, 2 00 in boroughs and reXJPS‘ /7rding t0 the Act- it was to become effective in August, The theme of this year1 s Conference will be "The Crisis ol Hainan Resources in Northeastern Pennsylvania". UjOUGHTS FOR TODAY Rflower is nothing People The peach was once a bitter almond: caucabbage with a college education. ' who Ay into CALENDAR. a rage always make a bad landing. fUBLlCATlON ^^nated'in^^^^L Monthly as a community s ervice’ and inquiries m A^titut InStitute of R^Sbed monthly a ddr esq / iOnal Affairs of Wilkes College- Notes be g10nal Affair s> Sse d to Dr. . of Re' Wilkes College le8e- Wilk'HugoV' Mailey, Institute 18703 es-Barre, Pennsylvania DON'T MISS THIS MARK THIS DATE ON YOUR MPORTANT MEETING! POVERTY NEVER AND ALWAYS Poverty is o neVer ng £ enough. °f beddi n havi rUnnan out of money, of food, of clothes, of fuel, of Pc■mil'"ty 0 80 anv i ra’ °f equiPment, of furnishings, of room, of time, of any Soap, ( stay tQaCe’ °£ anYthmg to do anything with, of any way ioi t e Way t0 fa: and live. �is never having hope of having enough. poverty there is no way to get ahead, no Poverty » is always knowing ‘ve' ; always knowing that what little - Way to save up in order to later ' y°uhaVe going "down-hill"; always knowing t, being used up o that is wearing out, keeping covered and as clean as you Can. is some, "getting by, ' eating ‘ -----can ever do. the best you Poverty is never being comfortable. _ . owded, cold in winter, sweltering m summer, Poverty is always beingC^eat _ juicy fruit - rich milk, always living in half-hungry, craving re clutter> unrepaired and unkempt housing, drafts, smoke, dirt, gn , broken windows, torn screens, peeling poor plumbing (if Y°u to work, poor arrangements of your place to yourVmhy; always being unable to do anything easy or to have any­ thing handy or convenient. Poverty is never feeling that you are a part of the rest of the world never being informed - never understanding. Poverty is always being uneducated, untrained, half-equipped, always being told you are dumb, ignorant, can't understand. Poverty is never feeling dignity or self esteem. Poverty is always trying to express, trying to be heard, trying to com­ municate - being insulted, ignored, belittled, criticized, talked "down . being unable to show or to demonstrate. Poverty is:never ]----pretty - pleasant - peaceful to the eyes - to the ears to the nose to taste —e - to touch. Poverty is always gly houses, WeePin’g,U^s^ardS’ Ugly u^^hW^hQ 3’;U81y-bUildingS’ Ugly haUS’ defecation smFf’ jangling> garbage ° S’ bickering> arguing, yelling. oke- g ’ rot- mold, mildew, sweat, urine, Poverty is never having joy or Peace. Poverty is i always the storekeeear - fear of the landlord, L the welfare, the polic -Per. the SOrnetime'i boss. It is always grief - for the rnan _ the woman you can't be with or be with. It is always emptiness “bildr*nyou r. thati^ can't do for, tears, yearning, sickness, depression T°Ss a*d lack or ’ des°Iation and' It is alhopelessway3 tpess- poverty better- is never being able to plan, never being able to see a way to do -r is always receiving too little to "catch ifted out and forced out. It is always hon/f •' Seeing your chilpoverty listening to "big talk" by "big people " ft i eing shattered. ft is dren si" always It is always rising a bit and always being cru hT br°kenprom- ises. poverty is never being considered honest or good or well-intentioned. Poverty is always being considered a crook, an immoral person, a "dead­ beat, " a malingerer, a parasite, a "no-good." Poverty is never fully living. Poverty is always being just half-alive. John R. Gage, Field Services Chief American Public Welfare Association P.S. How much of this article fits you, or people that you know? ENGINEERS VS. PLANNERS „ the Engineering and There is some conflict, and feeling, b^^ the decisions of the Planning Professions, at times each o tives. other, and trespasses on the others Pre 'dated with been asso> be one link in _ Engineers, as a professionaljr^P^ seems to Planning for years. To many of Without are many a doubt there ■ : of transseveral logically related processes. with the probie^ lots, and the engine ers who are highly competen seW o*-> building .nperS sewers, .-■> take what latirLng a map into the reality of highway > where eng1 cases where like. . of a highway, On the other hand we have seen itudein the l°ca . ■ .reject, with the Can ch;aritably be called an arbitrary Region by a on . themselves as shatt ter the ecological balance o ,ge. L°° 1 . a group as I've “arest r _ Pretense of listening to anyon cOnseiva 1 "Practical"men, they are as ferocio ever met. �fhe I.R.A. NeWs.|etter o a practicing group, are a newer breed of cat. planners, as advice as the engineers, Whiie they oft, quite as ^^"Xenewness and insecurity of their r en try Profession fr t0 mask the relatij of social scientist, " Since so Iy a recourse to the inv democraCy have become hardened niatly of into the gospels of mo discuss an issue almost as risky as def, politicai shibboleths, trying , ciaHy when the case is butt arnin, Flag and Motherhood - and esp g the ressed b'ynias. ses of analytical statistics. Well tn toe P WeU, future, and the eng to stress e * X «»k, y£)I»XVl’ mseives c°nsid ";h't” 8rives to be the wave of the think they're the conservators of the past, each other. The engineers rT'’’ s would do well equipment Uss, and emphasize e / .... . decision. If the public thinks that thethe value "sPect ca"the “gi“ers Leonard N. Abrahms President, Panoramic Studios Philadelphia, Pennsylvania OCT24B68 There is no one reason why reform movements have• many instances. It could ship. It could be due to the fact that organiza i ges. qTi it could terment of a community begin to work at cross p^ reform is at be due to the fact that two or more citizen ^oup actjon groups lose THOUGHTS FOR TODAY man who would like to have as much fun as his wife an end with the adoption of a program. QU1 e is just plain citizen their momentum out of exhaustion. More o .J n becomes apolitical apathy and disinterestedness, The ordinary cit zen R of „n0. after a campaign for reform. He wraps himself up ma Politic s ". The man with anew 0 until he proves that hi; idea should expect to be considered a crack­ idea can hit the jackpot. Passion often makes clever men fools; sometimes, it evenmakes fools clever men. ,007in’te‘l !5. 1968 If the citizen is to carry out his responsibilities to and for con trolling his local government, he needs to give considerable time to th' study of politics in his community. The citizen, however needs to be informed about his government. Once informed, he can encourage and promote changes and reform in it. Many of the most effective reform movements in government in the past, springing from citizen interest, have contributed greatly to the improvement of local government, as can be seen in the wide use of the merit system, the short ballot, ex­ ecutive budgeting, central purchasing, the council-manager plan, and many others. An obsessive respect for technology, or <-a readiness to invoke unproved social theses, can do damage to far more than the ------- profession­ als involved, however good their intentions. This News - ’ -letter, published monthly j. vjce, as a community se !nd lnquiries •e ^stitut, —;e of Regional / Notes gional --1 Affairs,171 ay be addressed to Dr.Affairs of Wilkes College. of Re' Wes College, Wilke•s-Hugo V. Mailey, Institute 18703 Barre, Pennsylvania" PA-. OCTOBER library gadgets PUBLICATION 10, WILKES COLLEGE, WILKES-BARRe CITIZEN COMMITTEE And surely the planners can do much more to enlist the coopera­ tion of engineers, as equals in furthering common objectives. A husband is thinks he has. NO. I and these are two of the Informed citizens are active citizens The aforesurest safeguards against uncontrolled local government, form of gov" council-manager rnentioned ,nd other local safeguards are basic to the hool boards, ai ernment, to planning commissions, to sc gove rnnaent bodies. , • j of citizen advisory Tak<e a look. Is there a need for soxn® e of partisans and c al o':mmittee in your community? Not a con®1 governmental ic s- But °ne that can promote and encourageg �ship. If your community needs one, what are you waiting fOr ? I POLICE, FIRE FUNCTIONS Reprint Public Management October 1968 Effective Jan. 1, Boulder, Colo. (pop. 50,000), yea??11. C°mbme functionally its police and fire departments on a twoYear trial basis A complete re-evaluation will be made at the end of the trial period' Approximately 50 to 60 cities in the United States and Canada ha ed some degree of police-fire merger over the past generation. adopt. LOCAL COMMUNITY -- THREAT AND OPPORTUNITY Boulder City Manager Ted Tedesco estimates that for 1969, $208,794 will be saved over the present porgram of separate depart­ ments and over a five-year period $598, 912 will be I I saved. "While the apparent efficiencies and cost savings are significant, the real benefit will be received in a higher level of patrolling activity, etc. , " he predicted. response, Tedesco recommended the plan of functional alternative to decreasing the level of service or coordination as an ir.<r — ->■' ' police L . 2 and fire fighting. substantially increasing expenditures for l I I His plan retains both police and fire departments ------entities but provides for a as separate of public safety officers in police and fire work). pool Command -----> (dually trained (such as detectives, <’ fire engineers,.J ranks and fspecialized personnel to providej necessary expertise in th. etc.) will be a retained to continue ese areas. The public satety ofHc.r will be responsible fpr poli„ patrol and investigations pre; of a fire call, the PSO will P esentiy permed by patrolmen. In the event having already been trained in _ befire immediately dispatched to the fire -— J fighting. es that th. lihood plan will also permit an increase in the number If1V6S lnCreased- Tbe ignificantly ;°«t 1—1 the willcity alsoto provide a greater - effect foT On Patr01 througb deterrent effect for crime and other law violations. city to provide Under the ....cr newsafety system, c: by at least twome public offic Public close close to any reported incident. each fire r' station district will be covered -~ers at all ti: -imes one of whom will be Othe advantages ... greater job ■ral “fc'=ifo“thdb. 'y Tedesco ar °rthe pSo e optimum r use of manpower, whose range of skills —.s and duties are ed and whose compensation is jncr trained men available at major fireaSed ^°rdingly, and Widem making eded. 68 Whe--re~ maximum rtiore manpower is ueC The local urban community is in a great de ropolitan region is made up of groupings of subc tr°Uble- Themet­ weak and weakening sense. Much of what is said °mmunities °nly in a on a romantic view of the city as it existed 50 ear^ Clty lifeis based community is a dying phenomenon now that ag°', The ethnic ceased and the processes of assimilation are haS virtually community is a community only i„ tbe sense ,blt ” . N.gro I believe that the quality of community life is declining in con­ temporary America. Alienation is only one aspect of the decline in the quality of community life. One of the most significant sources of the de­ cline is a deficiency in social organization, in the whole complex of dur­ able relationships among people. We must face squarely the urgent need to build social organization in radically different ways than in the past.. . I I I I l The conflicts surrounding these cleavage^^^ cannot avoid many forms, one being a struggle for powe p • > kind of leader who can " . , ie these cleavages. But in a pluralistic s0^ ^isg responsive to conflict lea er . , deal with them has to be a political leader t0 represent a c0^ and diversity, rather than a civic leader w n members of t e mon way of life. The kinds of social organ gtroyed. They are middle class had in the past have large y creasingly isolated in their own communi have the sense is increasing do * oxnmumty The newcomer s whose power is the & d f^ °f the community's being theirs. .ive, Thus. case of ^e whole; they just move into a PlaC® cOmrounity‘ signi£1?^tion "’aS ^ncy in organizational links to the tot^^Addifc bls deficiency in social organiz canFrancisC° -nning be use d an e£' ^ial proposal of local leaders m the begi^ nted th* all the federal anti-poverty mone^ This °rganization on a block or neigh ° �fhe I.ILA. News-letter 80 _ organization. Without organization ther, fort to fill a vacuu °he er to say how the anti-poverty ere is no power. The Ne^r°®Sdirections urban renewal in their areas is : money i’XIeS P0°r “e ‘° b<! I I to take, Hj WILKES COLLEGE, WILKES-BARRE This situation represents both a threat and an e■ _ opportunity T. ’ It can b. > threat beeau.e it offers a way of lighting city 7 can oe vi mayors appear to be almost uniformly unhappy hall. 0Ver t^eXXizaHon of poor Negroes. Again, the threat is that we will have 1. jtll’ only a divisive power struggle instead of a movement toward construct­ ive solutions. But the opportunity lies in the pos sibility that the new or­ ganizations will generate new sources of energy and innovation to solve porblems. The crucial question in places like Watts is whether social organizations can be developed by the residents so that they can govern their own communities (with the help of outside financial and profession­ al assistance). -- William Kornhauser, Professor of Sociology, Univ­ ersity of California, Berkeley, "Power and Participation in Local Com­ munities," in Local Government in a Changing World, pp. 48-51. NO- I I I I Resolution was passed yesterday by Wilk -Barre Council to select a patrolman of suitable age and education to attend New York City Police School and, upon certification, return ■ -----police school here. e cltY to organizei a From the Record, October 23, 1918 l THOUGHTS FOR TODAY I I is an old friend. TID BIT: The tragedy of today is not so much the noisiness of the bad people, but the silence of the good people. NOTHING IS EVER NEW, IS IT? Plans for the sewage desposal plant for Wilkes-Barre were re­ viewed yesterday by the engineer hired by the city to draw up the plans by the commissioners. Work will not be started until after the war. From the Record, October II, 1912 WHAT TOOK THEM SO LONG? TID BIT: There's only a slight different chin up and sticking your neck out, but it's w< ■Ce between keeping your 'orth knowing. I REGIONAL CONFERENCE I I publication This News-letter, originated in th< Published monthly ”le Institute of Regional Affairs as a community service, and inquiries may be addre of Wilkes College. Notes SSSedtoDr. Hugo V. Affairs, Wilk( Mailey, Institute of Re­ :es College, Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania. 18703 15> 1968 LOOKING BACK I TID BIT: The best mirror PA-. November Solid Waste'S^1 C°nferenCe Saturday nt on the Public Employees Relations Act a-i anaSement will be held from 9:00 A. M. to 4:00 P. M. r.~ ovember 23, 1968 at Wilkes College. I I Orie that all Employee Law and Collective Bargaining session is Soryarbitral flCials should be interested in. Subjects such as compulPl°yee law lonfor policemen and firemen, and the proposed public emgreat and T^^h will affect every municipality and its employees, are I immediate concern to all officials. MH ave to ^egiOnal Conference has been arranged so h; attend. rive over more than 50 miles to s°red This particular particular regional regional b. 'Y the Pennsylvania State ho -owever, has issued an conference conference iAssociation topen invitati that no official • a and sponmade possible The Ass0C* Boroughs to �Northeastern Pennsylvania. More information will corrie t both the Institute of Regional Affairs and the Pennsylvania s° iation of Boroughs. a'e Assoc. I violation of these profusions. Thevic- PUBLIC EMPLOYEES RELATIONS ACT increase in the of number of public There has been a tremendous , . crease in the number labor disputes, employeesand a corresponds the Legislature and all public emThis has posed many que of the situation, Governor Raymond ployer s. Recognizing ® “kman Commission and directed it to revise P. Shafer appointed e Pennsvlvania. This group filed a report the Public Employee La The conclusions briefly of the and recommendation dated June IV Hickman Commission were: 1. 'That the Public Employee Act of 1947 an entirely■ new law governing relations between should be replaced by public employers and employees. 2. The new law should r---recognize the right of all public employees, including police and firemen, > to bargain collectively, enumerated safeguards. ,, subject to 3. The law should requireboth parties to bargain in good faith, the steps in said bargaining being outlined in the report. 4. Except for policemen and fir erne: should be •n, a limited right to strike recognized subject to certain report. safeguards as set forth in the PoHceXTf^ C°mpulsory Itbitrlt^ mernen. enacted Act No. HI of rted functions stoppages. ofThe work areas in °lving the Perf ental Actinprohibit. concer' praeH=e. It further ern^ch 61 that public employees acknowledge A Act ey "^ve ' in sU ‘ prescribes penalties, including but hc § Ut n°t limited right to bargain collectivelvi. tofore, The such a right at law did not exist ^ySto^ ofthi- , Compulsory mediation*^ fact-finding are required in the event nf ° "tOf “solved diswes; - Since the Act prohibits strikes in the public sector collect’ bargaining impasses must be resolved in order to provide for their soT I ution, compulsory and binding arbitration is provided. Such arbitration is tobe conducted by a three-member board, one member to be selected by the public employees, one by the public employer and the third by agreement between the two so selected. If agreement as to the third arbitrator cannot be reached, then the Public Employees Relations Board shall submit a list of seven names to the parties, each striking three, and the one remaining shall be the third arbitrator. The decisions of the arbitrators shall be binding on both parties with the proviso that where legislative enactment is required, the decision shall be advisory. Unless this proviso is included, such arbitration would be violative of our Constitution. There is a constitutional exception for policemen and firemen providing that the results of arbitration are binding in all events. The Act would create a Pennsylvania Employees Relations Board which shall consist of five members, appointed by the Governor with the advice and consent of the Senate, one of whom shall be designated by the Governor to be the Chairman. On the original Board, one member shall serve for five years, one for four years, one for two years and one ror °ne Vear. Their successors shall be appointedfor terms of five 10n m the event of dispute involving Because unresok Ployees are disput injurious to ’Ved citize: of th e^,Ween Public employers and emProposed the 1 :ns Public Employee RpiJ- ornrnonwealth, Governor Shafer pnbl« employee. s , state withTi?8 ^Ct would apply to all Persons?appointed’ by the °r local, . suPervisor s _excePtion of elected officials, : governor with sots and confidential vic= and consent of the Senate, "-i employe , ies. Undoubtedly the most revolutionary °nthe■.machinery established mostfor resolving ' after all ; collective bargaining procedures have aspect of this Act centers fore, it is deemed to be against the public interest perm ‘g unpassesto that continue to exist been utilized. Thereor condone This Board shall be independent of existing governmental agencies and shall be answerable directly to the Governor, making a fu repor dually of itZ —s activities for the year. — ------) supervise represent­ The primary duties of the Board w . mandatory under this3Act; to maintain panels ation elections, which are 1---------------, hearing '’Hact-tlnding purposes; and to condu« > in unfair practice proceedings and issue appropriate orde once consummated by the The collective bargaining agreement ild require legislative enactrules *ent begiven binding effect unless it woulstatutes or civil service 2 effective or „ —=___ ~ or violates existing bargain on wages, hours", and *orkeigUlations- r~ with The parties are free to are established x.„ 1 respect 1Ilg conditions. Certain limitations Larties is i �El)GENE SHEDDEN FARLEY LIBRAR policy. Public employ^ s of inherent m nagerial funC tions and programs, ef. bargaininaread t0 bargain ove budget, the technology of ill b' 'Sard .1 structure and selection and direot. p ficiency and sta ^perf0Zel rgani^ The I.R.A. News-letter WILKES COLLEGE ion of personnel . a the of 1947, proposed CompuL Act alSo Tn addition to repeal to Act firemen and the policemen. - Act HI °f 1968 ^ ^ded in the latter act is continued. Howmachinery tor representation elections, ' ’ or their resolution. It is m the interdefine unfair practi t all public - --------------the nor does 'it it defineunfair p employees utilize est of consistency and u implementation of their rights and to procedures established shed to protect the rights of the embe subject to ^J'»Xe e I-i-11. ployers and public at 1 g LEGISLATION AFFECTING LOCAL GOVERNMENT ACT 29. Allows the First Class Township commissioners, at their option, to accept applications for positions on the police force or as paid operators of fire apparatus from nonresidents of the township, and authorizing the township, by ordinance, to require nonresident pol­ icemen and firemen to become residents of the township after appoint­ ment. THOUGHTS FOR TODAY Happy homes are built with blocks of patience. Love is the unopened gift under the tree of life. Life consists of feeling; loving; doing and sharing. publication This News-letter rvice, r °nglnated in the Instih t ’ Published P?Dllshed monthly as a community se Notes of Regional Affair and inquiries , of Re' • Hugo V. Mailey, Institute ’ W11kes College, Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania. 118703 ^XRXTrA££aits °£ Wilkes CoUege- WILKES COLLEGE, WILKES-BARRE, PA., DECEMBER 15, 1968 I .nt.r 7XVI- NO- 12, WHO SAID AMERICA IS AN URBAN NATION? Efforts to explain why Congress fiddles while nation's cities burn have not been notably successful, despite the vigor and assuredness with which they are offered. That they have failed as useful analyses is undoubtedly due to the inability of most commentators to penetrate a great myth which has been fostered upon the American public by a gen­ eration of eager social scientists. The myth is that Americais an urban nation. The fact is that America is still, although by an increasingly small margin, a country dominated by small cities, small towns and rural areas. Once this is understood, the realities of American politics be­ gin to make some sense. After all, did not the I960 Census show that nay re of 70% is lived in urban areas? Unfortunately, that eye popp g 1700's based on a definition of urban which comes rightou ^^^g Bureau inwhen anything not rural was considered urban. more than 2, 500 credibly enough still defines any incorporated p ac American thinks inhabitants as urban! Surely this is not what the av of when he speaks of an urban society. n of urban with political rele. What is needed is clearly ad®fini^ distinguish, h1 Lbroad terms, vance, a definition which will be a based on the type of area they of the people with similar interests and concern wbat percen stake reside in. Specifically, it is necessary has a American population resides in centra Central citiesin attempts to meet the problems of t e .Rhe Census -•railabl e^information on . _ iS readily a5f' Fortunately, such informa j--tribute widely. •th nopulations of at bureau itself collects, but does not i cities T Tbs which arc cal"Urbanized areas. " These are define suburbs, le*st 50, 000 inhabitants and their surr > unding ed urbanized fringes. n is used is definition Jslead- As ica" when this What happens to "urban '^rneI'tbat statist05 do not mi. 4u.ite a shocker to those who believe �Thus, for example, guaranteed employment would seem to be a promising approach. Indeed, this intuitive prediction is borne out bv I of 32. 3% of thelived American cities or 1960, more;only another 21.2% in the population suburbs oflived theseincities 5°’ °°0 suburbs of these cities (the fringe). ; Nearly half of the — t ztA , e urban another 21 A m ericanpopulation (46. 5%) resided in areas " — dassified as small town or rural! the Census Bureau ch.__lf This information has staggering implications for understanding American politics. It now becomes clear that Congress, when it ignores pressing urban problems, is not, by some paradox, refusing to deal with the concerns of the great body of urbanized Americans whom they sup­ posedly represent. Rather Congress (particularly the House which has proven the major stumbling block) is, on the whole, being quite repre­ sentative of the American people. Most Congressmen represent areas which either do not suffer from urban problems or do not perceive that these problems exist even if they do. According to data compiled by Henry Bain of the Washington Center for Metropolitanstudies, only 115, or 26. 5% of the 435 Congres­ sional districts, have a majority of residents who by the I960 Census lived in central cities, where the Negrohas become an articulate force. Another 97, or 22.2%, have a majority of residents who live in urbanized areas (central cities plus suburbs) but do not have a majority of their popula­ tion in the area's central city. A clear majority of the Congressional districts, 223 (51. 3%) are primarily small town or rural in which televisionprovides most of the experience so far as inner-city problems and disorders are concerned. The typical response in these areas to what they hear and see on the media is that skulls ought to be cracked if that is what it takes to restore law and order. This response comprises the extent to which Congressmen from these areas perceive "urban prob­ lems as problems of political relevance to them. For the majority of m ricans, there is not particular urgency about the urban problem- Gallup poll of June 15, 1968 which reports that the American public re­ jects by 58-36%o a proposal for guaranteed income, but accepts by the em phatic margin of 78%-18%> a proposal to guarantee enough work so that each family with an employable wage-earner has a job with at least a poverty-level income. Such a proposal, if implemented, would go a long way towards establishing an effective income maintenance program in this country. What makes it acceptable to the American public, however, is not the substance of the program, but the Protestant ethic values it in­ vokes. In politics, unlike architecture, function follows form. Reprint: Commonweal Harold Wolman University of Pennsylvania October 25, 1968 I I I I I A PUBLIC OFFICIAL'S PHILOSOPHY Did it ever occur to you temptations ? I He comes into the world without his consent and goe s out of it and the trip between is exceedingly rocky. against his will, The rule of contraries is one lingering odXv violation of this ethic accounts for t Deal and flost-Ne^0 i ” grudging acceptance of) so many of the Ne urban Negr0 is JL eal welfare programs. If any program of aid tot it must be couched hTth American people - and thus to Congresscouched ln the language of this American verity. of the features of the trip. When he is little, the big girls kiss him; When he is big, the little girls kiss him. If he If he If he If he acted *b°Vejdiscussionnot only helps explain why Congress hasnot structiveUlyatoS°the ''urtTcrSsT^ CirCUmStances U maV respond con- Given the nature of Congress, it appears likely that any major e ort to aid the city (and in particular to aid the Negro poor) will fa1 ^erably unless it can be justified in terms of traditional American crn ve‘ :Wnan.dr/ralValUeS- Primary among these values is the AmeriXich thpTh the Pro;est-t ethic - thou shall not receive rewards for that a man's life is full of crosses and I II is poor, he is a bad manager; is rich, he is dishonest. needs credit, he can't get it; wants to do him a favor. is prosperous, everyone If he is in politics, it is for graft; ,d to his country, If he is out of politics, he is no goo* he is a stingy cuss; If he doesn't give to charity, If he does, it is for show. -j is, he is a hypocrite; If he is actively religion; interest in religion, he is a hardened sinner. If he takes no i.___ soft specimen; If he gives affection, he is a old blooded. If he cares for no one, he is co -eat future before him; If he dies young, there is he a gr missed his calling. If he lives to an old age, 1.2 ™ - - "rouch; If you save money, you're a grc loafer; If you spend it, you re a i �' t a grafter; If you get it, you're -- ' i can't get it, you're a bum If you So what the Hell's the use, WE PROPOSE TO KEEP THE STREETS CLEAN ANYWAY. ' Reprint: Borough Bulletin (Allentown) September, 1919 THOUGHTS FOR TODAY Mothers-in-law are like seeds; we don't need them, but they come with the tomatoes. Manya husband has learned too late that he who hesitates is bos­ sed. This News-letter nuhl’ k j originated in the Institute d monthly as a community service, * z-SX.-- to Dr. College, WHkes-Barre, Pennsylvania. / 3 0 C, L .f 118703 -■ ‘” �I I I �:' I I .J ■ ■ � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Luzerne County Newsletters and Institute for Regional Affair Newsletters, 1952-1975 Subject The topic of the resource Political Science; Luzerne County; Institute for Regional Affairs; Wyoming Valley Description An account of the resource A collection of newsletters created by the Political Science Department at Wilkes College from 1952-1975 for Luzerne County and later the Institute for Regional Affairs. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Political Science Department (Hugo Mailey) Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1952-1975 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource PDF Type The nature or genre of the resource Newsletters Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Luzerne County Newsletter, 1968 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Political Science Department Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1968 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource PDF Type The nature or genre of the resource Newsletter https://omeka.wilkes.edu/omeka/files/original/0ea0dbf2abfe67272eb462b095b8126c.pdf f2d875f31c37faaed915b1e2421f693e PDF Text Text ��(Comity TtetM-tettvi [JORAR * XVI, NO. 1 WILKES COLLEGE, WILKES-BARRE, VOb' PA., JANUARY 15, 1%7 SHORT COURSES -- SPRING SEMESTER Once again the Institute of Regional Affairs will provide non­ credit, non-degree educational opportunities for elected and appointed officials. They are presented in cooperation with the Public Service Institute, Department of Public Instruction, Commonwealth of Pennsyl­ vania. Instruction by the Institute staff is supplemented by guest lecturers. During the Spring Semester, the following courses will be pre­ sented: Fundamentals of Fire Fighting -- A course designed for those firemen who wish to qualify as instructors of the fundamentals of fire fighting; Report Writing -- A course which acquaints the police officer with the purposes, values, and principles of basic police reports; Light Duty Rescue -- A course to provide training for individuals who will be­ come members of a Rescue Squad; Radiological Monitors -- A course for the training of radiological monitors for fixed stations and shelters; Ground Fire Attack -- A course designed to train firemen to fight fires on the ground, such as forest fires, grass fires, oil fires, etc. ; Control Center Operations -- A course on instructions for operating a Civil De­ fense Control Center; Medical Self-Help -- A course for adults which includes training for the resident to enable him toperform medical self­ help functions in an emergency when a doctor is not available; Auxiliary Police -- a cour se designed to train those whowill assistin police ut whenever necessary, such as traffic control or security control. SINGLE TAX COLLECTION ------ 3 tax that it would So much opposition has developed to the w g if its benefits were lost be136 a. pity, now that the tax £s here to stay, u m-c Hamat: anse of inefficient and unequal collection. - ■ . Central Division, PennsylvaRaymond Carmon, Director of the He has urged all eonununia E conomy League, has proposed a 1---- �4 L> their appointment,They or more 21 school year ten examination. must than be high by the date of H, alency diplomas. Sch°°lgraduates V- 16. 1? ri that have adopted the tax also adopt the same nities in Wyoming Va ey Wilkes-Barre City. As Mr. Carmon tax collector as is eing for the Economy League to make. But its said, it is an unusua &mo League's primary function - to aid and recommendation is as ams that result in the greatest possible advocate local g0-^^ °g sense, we can be grateful for servicefor every dollar spen . the leadership the League is providing. -Cadets must A pass written and qUaHfying medical tests sical agility test. psychological to certification from an eligiMe exam may begiX. phy! prior -The cadets will perform a variety of administrative and other forcement duties in the Yonkers police department while comnon- en. I the associate degree in police science program. pleting The truth is that the effectiveness, not to mention the economy, of using one collection agency is so obvious that it was in danger of being overlooked. There are serious difficulties facing the taxing bodies in collection of the wage tax. Foremost of these is that so many eligible taxpayers live in one community and work in another that without a single tax collector the job of collection become s almost impos sible. The dan­ ger is that many communities face the likelihood of either failing to col­ lect their share, or of spending too much money to collect its tax. THE ROLE OF BUSINESSMEN IN URBAN REVITALIZATION Although there is unanimous agreement that the United States faces a severe urban crisis, the majority of our cities either limp along with a do-nothing policy or at best get a meaningless surface cosmetic treatment. The reason for this bungling approach, to put it bluntly, is the legarthy of the American businessman. In an area of complex and vital self-interest, it appears that free enterprise is proving itself nei­ ther free nor enterprising, but timid, passive, and defeatist. With few exceptions, it has been government that has taken the initiative in urban It appears equally obvious that a similar consolidation of all tax billing and collection for all taxing bodies in the county into a single office would result in a substantial savings in the cost of local government. Adoption of a single collector for the wage tax should be a first step, in that direction. WBRE-TV EDITORIAL reprint revitalization. Now that government has opened the door, the public should de­ mand that all attributes associated withfree enterprise - daring, imag­ ination, creativity, the willingness to take risks - come to theforefront to push the slow bur eaucratic process into speedier action. In the frame work of a free democratic society the task of revitalizing our cities can beaccomplighedonly by the bold efforts ’ "d intimate intimate partnership of bot and p. YONKERS PLANS COLLEGE TRAINING FOR POLICEMEN The City of Yonkers has established a newprogram to train quali­ fied high school graduates as police officers, the Yonkers Herald States­ man reports. The newspaper said that: -To qualify for career appointment as a police officer, eachtrainee will be required to earn ; a two-year associate degree inpolice science at Westchester Community College while „ : working part-time in the Yonkers Police Department. -The trainees -- who will be designated Police Cadets - will be paid an annual salary of $2, 000. complete their t ’ ’ o age Vf l^They wTlfX cXl^^ ..3 when they reach the ’ ' .a police recruits, which a state's St'ate S Basic ®as^c Training Course for municipal I raining of the Office f ministered by the Division of Municipal Police or Local Government. -Fifteen Police will be appointed each year. Appointees must be= not less than 18Cadets 1/2 years of age by October 1 of the year of government and free enterprise. The few experiences with government-business partner urban revitalization suggest the following guiding principles for free I" I surprise: (1) Business must take the lead, for the T°St to gain from urban renewal. (2) The PreSe^?t°o^nfrom less influenigures on revitalization committees blocks opp . en multiplies al sources. (3) Financial support provided by. achieve (4) Busi'he effects which government revitalization efforts canac . . are not enough; -evitalization, rev—Above all, businessa on measures, as opposed to full-scale full (5) Above m Relive as treatment of cancer by aspirin. Neither should nment officials. n must work hand-in-hand with gover te«ipt to go-it-alone. 10012^ �ORDINANCE SETS POST-ENTRY TRAINING PAY ’■ ---- ? for city employees was recently A post-entry training ordinance Washington, city officials. The ordinance spells out adopted by Tacoma, 1. ’ 2s engaged in both on-the-job and pay and compensation for employee --------- 3 and establishes a formal training pro­ off-the-job training programs gram to be operated under the city's personnel development program. The program will be administered by three committees on muni­ cipal training, public utilities, and general government training. The overall program is coordinated by the director of personnel who acts as the Municipal Training Director. The ordinance gives the director the authority to: (1) Contract with universities, colleges, other educa­ tional institutions, organizations and individuals for special training courses, either on a part-time or a full-time basis for fixed periods not to exceed 12 months for eligible employees under the training program. (2) Use municipal personnel and municipally-owned or controlled proper­ ty, equipment, materials, and facilities. ( 3) Contract with other public jurisdictions for the joint staffing, participation in, and use of training facilities and programs. The ordinance specifies that employee attendance at on-the-job training sessions is considered attendance at work. Attendance at offthe-job training requiring absence from work is considered as attendance at work in accordance with the training program and implementing admini­ strative procedures. Under the ordinance, leaves of absence with or without pay can be granted for off-the-job training. The city will also pay travel, subsis­ tence, and other expenses in programs of two or more months duration. Employees pay the cost of tuition and other expense s for off-the job train­ ing and are reimbursed after successfully completing the course. PA., FEBRUARY 15, 1967 SERVICE AWARDS Every year at the Annual May Dinner the Institute of Regional Affairs presents Service Awards to those local officials who have con­ tributed untiringly over a long number of years in the service of their respective governments. The Institute will offer these awards again this year in May at the Fifteenth Annual Dinner. Included in those eligible for the Awards are school boardmem­ bers and secretaries, police, firemen, councilmen, mayors, solicitors, engineers, planning and zoning commissioners and township supervisors. Would you kindly send me the name of the recipient who is deserving of this Award. Kindly remember that these Awards aregivenas an expres­ sion of appreciation for ability, wide experience, and untiring efforts as an outstanding public servant over many years. HOME RULE meats. July first will have special significance this year for local go On that date, the Pennsylvania Sewage Facilities Act, embc> yii principle of "Home Rule" becomes effective. Local overn t at have ignored the problem of sewage collection an re receive first and heaviest responsibility for pollution contro . THOUGHT FOR TODAY A man doesn't hold a grudge as long as a woman holds one - he keeps replacing it with new ones. The Act is aimed at preventing further aggravatio wiU ° pment has erious threat to public health. Much of our subur a treatment furred in areas where there are no sewage co e „ or sump sterns and where the soil is incapable of han mg sprawl" is ^P°sal in any quantity, let alone in the volume "°Vface publication originated in the Institute’ of pbhshed monthly as a community service, and i,Hl, ‘°f Wil,“S Notes con":d 2 WILKES COLLEGE, WILKES-BARRE “of Re- underating- The result is a seepage of raw sewage and the Silent contamination of °p J lvania has an example of th-' Virtually every area of Northeastern c;auy acute in the Moun taim S Problern, but it threatens to become espec: Y 1Ut°P and Back Mountain areas of Wyoming Valley �overnments will have the prime of the Act, local g Under terms industrial and residential development to responsibility for regulating ’ 3 to make colleccan require developers provide sewage systems. They ' And certainly, the of every project. tion and treatment systems part establish such systems for homes local governments must prepare to £—______ and industry that now exist. Obviously, this should be a winter of planning and preparation for the implementation that must begin July first. It is a task that has been delayed too long. But it also is an absolute necessary foundation for solid, long-range growth of the region. WBRE-TV EDITORIAL reprint ELECTRIC TYPEWRITERS vs. MANUAL TYPEWRITERS Public purchasing executives will find of interest the following concise analysis of this subject made recently by President Rexford G. Wessellsof NIGP, procurement Officer of the District of Columbia in a letter to City Purchasing Agent John F. Ward of Chicago: "Several years ago we went quite thoroughly into the matter of electric typewriters vs. manual typewriters. We came to the following conclusions: (1) Maintenance costs on electric typewriters are approxi­ mately 20 times the average maintenance costs on manual typewriters. The actual costs involved were an average of $20 per year per electric typewriter as compared with an average of $1 per year per manual type­ writer. (2) The life expectancy of an electric typewriter is approximately the same as a manual typewriter if they are used by full-time typists or stenographic personnel. Where typewriters receive less than three or our hours use a day, the manual typewriter generally has a longer life expectancy. (3) Based on effective use of a machine for seven years---which lisS,we We find, aabout '3out- Pi ar for typists, secretaries, and stenographic personnel---- the annual cost ‘“ typewriter is not great. The electric - ---- 1fper typewriter has a higher trade-in - — value .—a or sale value than the manual typewriter. (4) We find that <an ~ employee's — productivity is increased by use of the electric typewriter, both from the standpoint of more rapid typing and the fact that it is less tiring. "Since all costs in connection with original purchase price and maintenance a typewriter-----including both of the investment in the employee who costs---- are a small fraction uses it, we definitely favor the use of electric typewriter s over i----manual typewriters where the employee is qualified as a typist, stenographe stantial portion of her workday * -r, or secretary and spends a sub­ using the machine. Accordingly, the only standards we have for buying typewriters are the following: Typewriters --- Executive Type- Ex (Those with proportional spacing, T W'lectric Type electric type .blic funds only when they a „ £or use P purchase writerS. .lication, and the requisition so states. preParmg materials for from Pu dup1- Typewriters ---Electric: Electric typewrit iurchase for full time stenographers and t • efS are permissible ,ers„„ to use the typewriter wlll\ ” ‘PPl’tS »h“ »>* tales pt for P1 or in multiple copy w ork (£ive „ hour. thep1 rial for reproduction. P ’ or for typing per day. mate Typewriter Maintenance and Repairs: Electric typewriter ser­ viceagreements should be ordered only when the typewriters are in heavy duty service or when maintenance cost records indicate that it would be less costly to contract for these services than to purchase repairs as needed under existing District contracts. Typewriters ----- Portable: Portable typewriters cannot be requiunless completely justified on the face of the sitionedat District expense requisition. "I doubt that you would be involved so much in purchase of type­ writers for use in classes of public schools; however, in case you are, Our policy in we do not buy any electric typewriters for this purpose. this case is predicated on cost plus the fact that for instructional pur­ poses the manual typewriter, in our opinion, is just as effective as the electric typewriter. " TRANSPORTATION PICTURE STILL VAGUE Li.o.g-J to scramble the transportation Well, Washington has managed ' cted legislation setting up a cabinet-level picture again. The recently enactfalls far short of a meamngiul meaningful accomi Department of Transportation i----- t of minor transportation functions the Plishment. While some consolidationwhat < was not set up remains as may be accomplished by this action, transportation problems. stumbling block to solving many, many ■» such diverse lie in coordinating rations. It lies For, the real problem does not 1' Coast Guard opei„ functions as air travel, highways and and roadways. Primarily in the conflict between rail i of the transportation picfully exploit As long as these two importan will not be able to 1_ lortation ^re are kept separated we - and continuing transpi Ie concept of integrated, comprehen pi °grarnming. �The highway-oriented Bureau of Public Roads, now in the newly created Dept, of Transportation, is still in the driver's seat with re­ spect to the allocation of funds for highways. Also, the rail transit in­ terest is still tucked safely away under the protective wing of the plan­ ner-oriented Department of Housing and Urban Development. Auntie (fauty 'Ttem-tettvi Thus, despite all the huffing and puffing during the past year, nothing of real importance has been done to really come to grips with the dog-fight between these two important aspects of the transportation field. And, if this was not bad enough -- the Congress of the United States has staked out for itself the task of reviewing and passing on the "standardsand criteria" to be set up by the new department with respect to apportioning Federal Aid. So, we now face a continued split in transportation responsibility and at the same time must deal with a many-headed Congress on Federal Aid programs. It is hard enough to get small, interested and authorita­ tive groups pinned down to setting andaccepting "standards. " It is really going to be interesting to see how our• non-expert Congressmen work this one out. Viewpoints of "Rural and Urban Roads" ANNIVERSARIES Four Luzerne County municipalities, Nescopeck and Dallas Town­ ships and the boroughs of Sugar Notch and Dupont, will observe impor­ tant anniversary dates in 1967. XVl NO. 3 WILKES COLLEGE, WILKES-BARRE, PA. , VOL. MARCH 15, 1967 1967 SERVICE AWARDS Every year at the Annual May Dinner the Institute of Regional Affairs presents Service Awards to those local officials who have con­ tributed untiringly over a long number of years in the service of their respective governments. The Institute will offer these awards again this year in May at the Fifteenth Annual Dinner. Included in those eligible for the Awards are school board mem­ bers and secretaries, police, firemen, councilmen, mayors, solicitors, engineers, planning and zoning commissioners and township supervisors. Would you kindly send me the name of the recipient who is deserving of this Award. Kindly remember that these Awards are given as an expres­ sion of appreciation for ability, wide experience, and untiring efforts as an outstanding public servant over many years. FINANCIAL ASSISTANCE FOR MUNICIPAL AUTHORITIES Nescopeck, one of the oldest townships in Luzerne County, was separated from Newport Township in 1792, 175 years ago; Dallas Town­ ship was formed from Kingston Township in 1817, 150 years ago. THOUGHT FOR TODAY It is better t0 give than to receive -- and also it's deductible. PUBLICATION This News-letter, published r~: originated in the Institute of Regional monthly Affair as a community service, and inquiries may be addressed to Dr. _ —‘s of Wilkes College. Notes gional Affairs, Wilkes College, Wilkes Hugo V. Mailey, Institute of Re- Barre. Pennsylvania. The Commonwealth of Pennsylvania extends financial assistance unicipal authorities of the state for certain programs undertaken by to rthem. m with provisions of accordance 1, 1967, is authorized to adAct 537 of 1965 (section 6), effectlV.tieS as well as to counties and muminister grants to municipal aut-1°r official PlanS for sewerage sysnicipalities to assist them in prepa and -rch to implement te ms, and’ for carrying out survey5• frOm I--terns, funds appropriated by the such equ__ al1 one-half of the cost Ch plans. Ptans. Such funds shall be m made General Assembly for this purpose ‘and shallnot bevwithheld from any local Assembly for this purpose Preparing such plans. ra^ s'fthisact‘ The costs shall be exx Lans. Such Such S grants unit which complies with the term of this frOm Federal governcomplies with the terms elusive ' ’ aid by grants °f those reimbursed or p<— , 1. The State Department of Health ment. �Bv legislation passed iniv^ --------- was made for the^annual oassed in 1965 pprovision payment of two per cent cent of of the the eligible eligible costs. costs, On or about November 1 of each year, application forms and instructions ilication forms and instructions are mailed to prospective applicants. Costs shown on the application must have been paid and the the facilities placed in operation prior to December 31 of the year preceding the one in which the payment is to be made. Applications should be sub­ mitted to the Secretary of Health, Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, Har­ risburg, Pa. Information concerning the administration of this program may be obtained from Mrs. Leona Mack, Division of Sanitary Engineer­ ing, Pennsylvania Department of Health, P. O. Box 90, Harrisburg, pa By Act of 1947 P. L. 422 the Department of Forests and Waters is authorized to enter into contracts and other agreements with politi­ cal subdivisions including municipal authorities and other agencies for cooperation and assistance in planning, constructing and financing works concerned with stream clearance. The Community Facilities Act passed by the General Assembly and approved by Governor Scranton, January 25, 1966, provides for grants made directly to municipalities and municipal authorities for construction, rehabilitation, alteration, expansion, or improvement of waterand sewage disposal facilities and access roads. The revenue for this program is derived from a tax of two per cent wagered each day at the Meadows and Pocono Downs Race Tracks. The grants are restricted to boroughs and townships having a population of less than 10, 000 per project. Under the terms of the Community Facilities Act a project must not be in conflict with programs of other departments of the Com­ monwealth, must be consistent with an existing development plan for the municipality, cannot be otherwise financed, must either strengthen the income producing capacity of the municipality or improve the health and safety of the community. Finally, it must be necessary to orderly com­ munity development. AN EDUCATION PARK The resources and demands created by consolidation for our school districts permit new approaches to education that otherwise would have been impossible. One example is the plan of the Hazleton Area School District to center its <development around a so-called educational park. Within a site of some 65 ----- j acres, a complex is planned that incl school, a 5---- ' udes an academic high vocational technical high school, creation and ..J parking areasand land leftover an elementary school, re for eventual construction of a sports stadium and w supporting facilities. 1 When completed, the park is expected to serve about three-thousand 1 students. ci«nificant1'^’ the Pr°P°sed Plan is not intended schools in Hazleton, West Hazleton and" p repUce the pre«»thigh dent population makes the proposed addition , /eeland. Projected stw three years, In effect, the Hazleton Districtwill approache* ■ ’ W11J- be able to within sary s to school construction: the campus or edutwo basic test and the neighborhood elementary and community-wise tional park. cat— hool plan. seco:,ndary sc Hazleton's Educational Park Plan has a rockvm^ , realty. Bn. It Isa refresh!^ cone^I^ it becomes a district's education program, and is one that gives otheZ vigor into the the region an example with which to complete. districts m WBRE-TV EDITORIAL reprint THE COUNTY AS A REGIONAL GOVERNMENT The major local government problem of our time is adjusting; our —”r technology, exploding populocal democratic institutions to run-away t ' lations and the expanding expectations of our citizens. are beginning to accommodate to tech­ Our local governments it is beginning to adjust to population increases, nological change and are 1 of our citizens that cause the greatest strain on the rising expectations Our adjustment to this challenge will be rnment in local government institutions, the future role of local gove the decisive factor in determining the United States. coming to power. of Americans is just now They are conA whole new class in their jobs. Americans are y°ung> well educated and secure These new -rs and’ recessions, to controversial ent we can avoid major wars rules of study and aimalysis ■ e m°re prone to apply the i _ issues. /■"mt healthy ,et of They-Our new Americans have a new shears. driv." and highways. ■ They civil responsibility. and beautiful surroundings. They want nd juvenile Our new Americans want civil r g overt .y j mental illness ai ed culture, new Americans want strongly suppor. suppor. programs programs to cur p^mted and believe increas delinquency. nquency. They They are are,university-° -----beauty and education to be prime national goal. love results . —. They could all action. and they Above all, the new Americans are water auind air, local or state, ^nd not institutions. They demand clea of federal, result ci care less whether these come as a lvate action, or all four. �ealization that increasingly problems require solution It is the r Americans to turn to their county or to a multi, that is causing the new solve problems. county arrangement to The rate atwhichthe new Americans are turning toward the county for solution to'regional problems is amazing. Since 1957, for example, thenumberof county employees has increased 350, 000 nationally. This increase in employees exceeds the population of each ofthe three smallest yOM XVJ NO. 4 WILKES COLLEGE, WILKES-BARRE, PA., APRIL 15, 1967 states. In most urban and rural areas, the county offers the single best vehicle for the provision of regional services. Indeed, the county is the regional unit of government, designed to discharge basic governmental functions for the citizens of the entire county, whether they live in the cities, towns and villages or in the rural areas. These functions gen­ erally include county record-keeping, elections, administration of jus­ tice, education, law enforcement, penal administration, public welfare and property assessment and taxation. The county is responding to regional pressures both within the county and outside the county. Within the county, the smaller sub-units are finding that they cannot respond to basic service needs and are in­ creasingly turning to the county to assume functions that were previous­ ly municipal. These include services such as water supply and sewage disposal. From outside the county, the federal government and, to a lesser extent, the states are urging regional response to federal and/or state­ aided activities such as planning and highway transportation. In coping with regional problems in both urban and rural ar eas, county offers five basic advantages: 1. Political accountability, 2. Broad tax base, 3. Economy of scale, 4. Area jurisdiction, 5. Closer ties with the state and federal governments. THOUGHT FOR tODAY The fool wanders, the wise man travels. PUBLICATION This News-letter, published monthly as a c-— iginated in the Institute of Regional Affairs of Wilkes community service, and inquiries may be addressed to Dr. Hugo V. Mailey, College. Notes gional Affairs, Wilkes College, Wilkes-Barre. Pennov Institute of Re­ 1967 SERVICE AWARDS Annual May Dinner the Institute of Regional Every year at the Affairs presents Service Awards to those local officials who have conlong number of years in the service of their tributed untiringly over a The Institute will offer these awards again respective governments. this year in May at the 1Fifteenth Annual Dinner. Included in those eligible for the Awards are school board mem­ bers and secretaries, police, firemen, councilmen, mayors, solicitors, engineers, planning and zoning commissioners and township supervisors. Would you kindly send me the name of the recipient who is deserving of this Award. Kindly remember that these Awards are given as an expres­ sion of appreciation for ability, wide experience, and untiring efforts as an outstanding public servant over many years. WHAT MALAPPORTIONMENT? talked about the over representation for have undertaken to do some empirical So many reformer s have Cities have complained that their problems pigsand cows that social scientists ---------------- attention in the state capitols because of the investigation on the subject. " ru,ralnot andbeen conservative (meaning Republican ) legisl have given proper the University Univei oily of Iowa x the in the March 1967 (Vol. 4, Now come two political scientis s March avrd Brady and Douglas Edmonds--to tell us tn lortionment may not be °- 4) issue of Transaction that legislative re p The reformer1 s case a philosophical arguPanacea for the political problems ofthe ci r reaPportionment is still a good case, 1 1 ent rather than empirical evidence. interesting j up some very 41 app°rtl°ne have turn'ied ared to the we. Thesetwo researchers are comPareQ ^hen the badly apportioned states �states. Their conclusion is that none of the following specific state ex penditures are related to malapportionment: teacher's salaries , capita expenditures for local schools, percent state spending for school per capita expenditures for higher education, amount spent per Pu weekly unemployment compensation benefits, per person expenditure * public welfare, percent state spending for public welfare, per per S S; expertise of limitations, state administrators • constitutional and partv1 T^^^tive rei significant in formulating states policies lphne ar« also s *\°n; group • b 5 c o tea ship’ as The authors do jnot deny that gerrymandering may be afactor; they do suggest that a case for apportionment sh m1 stand on its own without using irrelevant arguments. h°uld expenditures for health, percent state spending for health. Now is there any relation, according to Brady and Edmonds, be­ tween malapportionment and the following socio-economic variables; per capita income in thestate, percent of state population living in cities, percent of population with at lease high school education. One of the myths on malapportionment concerns the treatment that cities get at the hands of rural legislators. It is true that heavily populated counties are getting less than their fair share of state revenue. But the researchers go on to say that this situation is just as common in well apportioned states as in poorly apportioned ones. Brady and Edmonds contend that malapportionment is the most significant way to explain policy outcomes, vis a vis - liberal and con­ servative. They found thattherewas no relationbetween malapportion­ ment and the Kerr-Mills bill, right to work laws, and state income taxes. "The usual complaint of rural republican domination in matapportioned states simply does not hold up. " Pennsylvania's ranking on apportionment and expenditures is ex­ tracted from the complete state by state table in the article and presented below: Apportionment rank, 9; the weekly employment benefits, 21; the annual teachers salaries, 22; per capita expenditures for local schools, 2 , per capita expenditures for higher education, 49; expenditures per pupil, 17; per capita expenditures for public welfare, 26; per capita ex­ penditures for health and hospitals, 32; child welfare visits per 10, 000, ’ per caPita exPenditures for highways, 40; percent revenue from prop­ erty tax, 29; percent revenue from sales tax, 14. tOURTSM/RECREATION--THE Marlowe W. Hartung, Jr. Your over-all theme here at the conference is a "Critical Look The Future. " So if we are honest with ourselves, we ought to be Into And being critical brings me right downtothis subject of studycritical. And I'm going to be talking now strictly about this ing human behavior, relates to Tourism/Recreation, my assigned sub­ human behavior as it ject. ’ 5 an infant. It's our second major Today Tourism/Recreation is Thus, it seems to follow that the beindustry but it's still an infant. T'-_. still struggling to come up with business­ ginners in this business are s ’ es to marketing their tourism/recreation like sophisticated approache own Northeast. Yet this does facilities. This is so, right here in your not need to be so ! You start i a correct marketing fashion, It's easy to be planning in want. the vacationers or tourists you with the people you know are t— One more thing to that proven success formu^-^^.^ to meet keep records, keep comparing, keep eva the tastes and trends. ! recreational market, the developOn the average, all except th dnd On the average, all excep ^-nect in mi- before, t— clients begin with the needs of the p me nt or promotion begins. No other fact,or ( explains state policies than per capita income. It's the contention < of the Iowa political scientists that the states that have money spend it. two l--u Intangible factor s such as the activity of pres sure SECOND MAJOR INDUSTRY Wisconsin, and Colorado ,-nT1 through critical part of your In tourism and recreat, ”’re's where the sted because the area New England, we've seen--an Joyiars being wa; ;ustomers they ^ '-heme can come in--thousands of is aiming • -r at c costly to get em’ Promotion or commercial resort tem, or it's too °r shouldn't go after. They can of the market. °r the offering can't equal the ta �And this brings me right down to your own Northeast area I look at a map of the Northeast, I would trace a border down from -t® New York State line just east of Williamsport as far south as Sunb Then I'd go eastward through Shenandoah and Jim Thorpe to the N^' Jersey State line. 6V/ Here thisofblocked off section Pennsylvania, I find developed butinfull fantastically potent of natural tourist and recreat^ U”' xvi, NO. 5 WILKES COLLEGE, WILKES-BARRE, PA,, MAY 15, 1967 10nal development potential. And then down here in the East, we've got the four county Pocono Mountain Vacation Bureau and some 267 member resort hotels and motels. And here, as has been the case in older resort parts of Colorado and New England, your Pocono resort hotels are shooting at the hardest marketing target to hit and bring down. And it is tough, and getting tougher, to show a buck of profit as a result. Too many of the older resorts continue to think they can get and keep vacationers for a whole week, and keep tham happy with the usual swimming pools, TV, air conditioning in every bedroom, good food, shuffle board, special night time entertainment. They can't do it! Gentlemen, whether we like it or not, we older-timers, we had better learn that to swim above water in this tourism market, we've got to swing. Remarks made at the 1966 Annual Community Growth Conference THOUGHTS FOR TODAY A parent is ates about the youngest. vol. °n Wh°allbls for his oldest child and exagger- Traffic is fso incredibly slow in some congested cities that if you want to hit a pedestrian ---- .1 you have to get out of your car. FIFTEENTH ANNUAL DINNER The Fifteenth Annual Dinner for Award and Certificate winners — i held at the New Dormitory at Wilkes College on Wednesday, will be Mayr 24, 1967, at 6:30 p. m. We expect to make this a gala occasion for local officials and local government employees in Northeastern Penn­ sylvania, particularly in Luzerne County. This Dinner really brings to a climax the year's activities in local government which the Institute of Regional Affairs has conducted. The main speaker of the evening willbe Mr. Fred Miller, Direc­ tor of the Public Service Institute of the Department of Public Instruction. His topic will be "Training of Local Government Personnel . -he have been many changes in the responsibility and role of mumcip^ in our expanding economy. This has been emphasized by t creation of the Department of Community Affairs. If loca o ici to do their jobs, a knowledge of their jobs is important. Every year at the Annual May D1"neT ^^l^and employees Affairs presents Service Awards to those oca vears in the serwhohave contributed untiringly over a long num offer awards vioe of their respective governments. The ns. Thomas; Bear again to the following recipients: Ashley, a Township, Rutter reek School District, Albert Nygren; Bear r H. Dixon; Exeter fott; Dennison Township School District, Board of Super v°'°“8h| Chief Josephs. FaiI”e”hTffalterW. Rickert;®”' School Distric , “r®, John J. Dempsey; Forty Fort Boroug . Township, John Butler and Floyd Turosk.,® PUBLICATION This News-letter, originated in the Institute published monthly as a community service, of Regional Affairs of Wilkes College. Notes and inquiries may be addres .jsed to Dr. Hugo V. Mailey, Institute of Re" gional Affairs, Wilkes College, Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania. y Ftortowsk>. Stish; Nanticoke, Nanticoke, Frank £»• Stish; Frank Maye Maye ’-*”„ Davenport; Pl?™”'* g"'5'0”’ Mayor Robert A. Loftus; Plymouth,Jeorge We,?,81*. a'‘“, Morgan; West Wyoming Bor g Borough, » ^'Wyoming, Leonard Chesterfield; Whhe Ha Reilly; Wilkes-Barre, Will-'' ”'it'Ha»enSchool District, Mrs.^ ln A. Murray, Agnes Kupstas and C°n Salwosk>; Wil e �Township, Edward Zaledonis; Wright School District, Robert J. Gillma Wright Township, William T. Williams of tfficient terms of their capability to receive, support, and susguevaluate llation of on-lot sewage disposal systems These three be , combined and will constitute the County Plan for Sewtain the inS rrrust oe aspects paciliii®5 ■ age THE NEW NORTHEAST PENNSYLVANIA SEWAGE FACILITIES ACT The General Assembly of Pennsylvania, in 1965, passed Act No 537, the Pennsylvania Sewage Facilities Act, which, was signed into the law by the Governor of the Commonwealth. This Act states that: "Each municipality shall submit to the Department (Pennsylvania Department of Health), an officially adopted plan for sewerage sys­ tems serving areas within its jurisdiction, within such reasonable per­ iod, as the Department may prescribe, and shall from time to time submit revisions of such plan as may be necessary. 11 A new era is in the making for Northeast Pennsylvania--a ninecounty area spreading from the Pocono Mountains through the former anthracite regions to the Susquehanna River. In a period of two decades, the people of this area have demon­ strated an amazing vitality and an ability to rise by their own boot­ straps to produce one of the prime economic comebacks of the century. This citizen effort took many forms. Among the most effective have been the formation of industrial development organizations. These community and inter-community non-profit "corporations" have raised millions of dollars in the last two decades. Shell buildings have been built to allow quick tailoring to meet the individual needs of new indus­ try - large and successful industrial parks have been created - 100 percent financing of new industry has been effected’ -. labor recruited schools and colleges and trained and special courses instituted in area . of some $40 milthat are industry-oriented - and with the assistance .....industrial Develop lion of loans from the Pennsylvania 1--168 industrial project established in 1956, more than 1-1 — proved for the New Northeast Pennsylvania. The Department of Health has prescribed July 1, 1967, as the date when such plans are due, and representatives of the Department have met with the Board of County Commissioners, and the County Planning Commission, to explain the provisions of Act 537, and to sug­ gest how the 74 cities, townships and boroughs in Luzerne Countymay comply with the Act. Among the recommendations of the Department, the most im­ portant one has been that the County Government accept the responsi­ bility for preparing an official plan covering all 74 municipalities in the County. The Department feels that by approaching the problem in a County-wide Basis, sewage systems which ordinarily are not confined wit in municipal limits, can be planned more efficiently and more eco­ nomically. The County Planning Commission has mscussed. discussed uaD recornmendationat several meetings, with representatives of the this Department of Health, and various County officers. rrn The Planning passed a resolution resolution recommending to the Board of Commission has sioners that Act 537 be planned in Luzerne County County Commis—t Act 537 be planned basis, rather an individual individual municipal basis. rather than than on on an r on a County-wide County Commissioners has accepted this recommendation and The Board of ---- *ssioners has accepted this with it. concurs The planning requirements in Act 537 are very specific and clear. The Commission must survey all existing sewerage systems, and evaluate their potential for increasing services. The Cornmission must also determine the areas in the County where growth and develc — opment will be sufficient to support sanitary sewerage systems, within the next 10 years and for support later periods, and in those areas it later rnustprepare - - a apian which will show how the sewage should be collected, be treated, and how to dispose of the effluent. it caI1 where development in the next 10 years willThe not areas be of the C°Udg^’sity to support the installation of sanitary systems, must W-her® Significantly, unemployment W ^^importance, thepeople from 16% in the 1950's to 5% today. are increasingly looking to the future r see that what is good ion any the whole Northeast. Disappearing competition which once characterize , regional viewpoint, Northeast 15 g°° . ^ch of the effort­ racka, otare Carbon, New Northeast are w ua ne and The counties comprising e , Susquehann • avenUes wanna, Luzerne, Monroe, plke’_ ?together by ge°Sr econOmic Wyoming. These counties are linked ^terns of s°ci^^/economic ., i I °f transportation and long-establis e behavior-- links further cemented y lrnProvement. aadnewpotentia s dominant' a once economic base mining was new In the region where anthracite d t0 establish a succ essful struggle has been wage' �founded on diver sineu -- -------new jobs have thereby been createdJ and the historic downward trend recently been halted and reversed of population and employment has i as current efforts quicken the pace of More jobs will be in the making over $12and million for development at, ,d gional framework in - But k But, what will during thenational next decade.? Wluch tOthis this initiative^ aigiIlg a—;ive shall be be tbe r6g I suggestedbefore, the the influence ofdth be in a As positive dir ection during coming ec\TT eC°no^ should vieW let us turnback about three years to the oricri iate this of the Northeastern "boot-straps" operation Vo^ T° apPrec feces' industrial development. PP&L MTS-MANA GEMENT One of the more illuminating and urgent parts of the report sub­ mitted by the Economic Development Council of Northeastern Pennsyl­ vania to the bi-county Board of Managers of the Wilkes-Barre/Scranton Airport concerns the lack of adequate financial management. The Council reports that it is "virtually impossible to determine the financial status of the Airport” because no cost accounting system is used. As a result, the annual statement given the Board reflects only income and outgo. There is no division between capital and operating expenses and returns. There is no provision for depreciation and re­ placement of investments. There is no accounting for such things as employee benefits, the cost of County administration, and the cost of pensions for employees. The County Commissioners merely get the size of the deficit to be paid by their two counties. It not only appears to be a poor way of running an airport, but one that also can defeat its growth. 'The Council suggests the airport may never become self-sustaining onl the basis of capital investments. But it says there is every reason to expect the airport to meet its operat­ ing costs. What these are, and how it can be done, cannot be determined until the airport has a business-like administration. The mis-manage­ ment and chaos that exists at theairport now is a result of its politically- • mana®ement- An authority could eliminate the politics and usmess-like administration the airport so desperately needs. Reprint WBRE-TV EDITORIAL WHAT'S AHEAD FOR THE NEXT TEN YEARS Richard Epps Already the Northeastern anthracite region has become renowned as an area of cooperative worker s; as a population who appreciates a good J° - The effect of plant and equipment finance, and well planned industrial Par E on desirability for the choosing industrialist is well appreciated m this corner of Pennsylvania. The unmatched local achievement of 'boot-straps ” operation local initiative had begun to come into its 0WnToth in ne eYe lta it appeared PPe*redthat that boards to come to Pennsylvania. In large nart the*C°Uraging corporate sion. However, a few national trends had begun wh ^ a tfUe imP«sto come to east. The most obvious of these is that the econ Chfavoredthe NorthHowever, a Businessmen everywhere were beginning to n°my had become * bull, The promise formo growth and stability1GW tbe future as full of would bring .................. ssmensustained and --the new economies had arrived which for grow continuous growth. In accord with this view , the bullish economy started into a capital >uld bring s — and an expanding population, This was not a boom of the fifties with extravagant investment boom. ' f, but rather a gradual enlargement of plant and equipadditions to capacity This new capital investment provided more than an ment facilities.increase T1 capacity and productivity, it allowed a shifting opportunity to .reductive increase facilities. Thus, the capital expansion that has of location meant of pj that the pool of industries that may be brought into the begun has , or anywhere else, has increased. Northeast, During this business ^^^"^^ThVcoterminous8 tendency of • productionhas meant that /^thout previously large levels . - . boom in all the middle sized metropolitan area ^om the current benefit from of industrialization have been able to ene “ examp. ie of the growth I greater proportion than in other perio . All of the parts that are So, anyplace is a good am speaking of is the television set pr °irted. ’--o This e" industry. assembled into the set canbe easily tra ^P^ 1 "footloos ■ironment, .• the better envi.. location. In the geographers' gib> t respect a to look for where workers a labor freedom of migration allows the plant ;ted and sized area where where transportation is not so conges absent. liddle old city are good job. Thus, the plant goes to the m. Thus, of the large to Scranton. Poolabounds, but where the distractio than usual, RCA, goes been larger than usual, That is, he goes to Nanticoke, or, .rations ’ ‘" liddle sizedarea *°t only has the crop of migrating corp development of the d the mi a boom to c~ but also they have tended more towar has been So far, then, the bullish economy ■■ -ontinue Northeast. ors wiUc0’ ofrece:.nt years w ;al investshed capita, the appears that these national trends -o pul , motives f°r capi^ent Corning decade. The forces which have >ula,ff of the taf inves'!ntly shouldcontinue. A quickchecko. (1) an e ^oent in the coming decade include. industry has been final goods pro uc these corporations to seek dl®perS® �tion with rising incomes that means increased demands for th ■ S?ods and services; (2) rising labor cost which puts the pressure on the industrial, ist to automate; (3) a continuing investment in research <and develop, ment which brings changes in manufacturing processes and1 invention Of entirely new lines of products. Of these selectedindustries, four are final products industries. Of these transport, electrical machinery, and rubber are largely foot­ loose-able to easily enter the Northeastern Pennsylvania Region. Thus, while we cannot be as certain of the continuing favorability of the com­ position of growth, prospects suggest that economic blessing will con­ tinue to be on some of the industries which search for the better environ­ ment. you. 6 WILKES COLLEGE, WILKES-BARRE, PA XVI, NO. JUNE 15, 1%7 !967 LEGISLATION OF INTEREST TO LOCAL GOVERNMENT We may witness a faster pace of "taste obsolescence" in the <’ future. Towns built on a single industry, taste or a handful of industries, or a handful of will be im­ may find themselves with tenuous futures. Thus, diversity Thus, portant. As developers choose industries for the diversity Northeast,will be r' ” be .an eye to the possibility of large future taste swings would appropriate. In terms of jobs, the service industry has been the fastest growing sector of the economy in recent years. Also, the crystal ball men suggest that it will be .e the major point in the future. Thus, if it is not possible to keep up in the services sector it may well be impossible to keep up with national er mployment growth rates, for these jobs represent some fifteen percent of all 11 —11 workers. made at the Conference Act 1 amends Section 811 of the Borough Code, relative to election of Borough councilmen, to correct a typographical error in the year of election of councilmen who are to take office in January 1970, by changing the reference to the year " 1967" to "1969". Act 4 amends the Municipal Borrowing Law, to increase from 10% to 15% of the assessed valuation, the municipal borrowing limit for funded debt; to increase the aggregate non-electoral bonded debt from 2% to 5% of the assessed valuation; and to delete the $25,000 maximum temporary borrowing over a five-year period with bonds that had been applicable to boroughs and townships of less than 2,500 population. Aet5 amends Section 1704 of the First Class Township Code;.o increase township non-electrical indebtedness ro sessed valuation. thoughts for today The real test of a good joke i«s Tr. member it. 1S how many minutes COLLEGE AND COMMUNITY you can re- Not enough r looki ng for is at thePeople realize that th. " end of their own wr's^lp“S hand they alwaysa„ was established by When the Institute of Municipal 6°^ some of the resources of Wilkes College in 1951 > its purpose Institute directed these rethe College to serve the community. sources to the needs of local governme PUBLICATION This News-letter, published monthly originated in the Institute ofPublished Regional monthly ‘" andinquiries maybe addressed to Dr. regional Affair - as a community service, gional Affairs, Wilkes College, Wilkes- rs of Wilkes College. Notes Hugo V. . . Mailey, Institute of Re­ Barre, Pennsylvania. '_7 24, 1967 trated on hiay H» well it met its P«P°=« V’ of Municipal the Institute of Regional Affairs (s nner, marking ■ • 7 the end of the ac°Lernment) heldits 15th AnT?7AsZdents who reC^ e’c0U rSes •ved Certificates o Jdernic year. There were 467 s ourses. T sSme> covered Attamment for completion of training defeiise, as „.unt, police This "gradas radiology, criminal la«.JY,,g a„d department procedures, pnr �e°V"n”e“ Pers°Pnel class brings lb. to take Institute training Cours Starting with a "shoestring" in 1951 and weaving it into the tlb of better local government in Luzerne County, the Institute of Re Affairs has implanted the thought that "tomorrow IS created from the « Xday", and 15 years of "todays" are paying off for the citUeM communities whose government personnel have attended the institute. These government-employees attend the courses ’voluntarily, On their own time, and without compensation either for effort ’ Or accom~ plishment. Their reward is the same as that of the Institute .°f Regions Affairs, the satisfaction of doing a job better. The Institute will continue to use the resources of the College beyond the normal student body to serve the whole Northeaste rn Pennsylvania. reprint--WBRE EDITORIAL RECREATIONAL LAKE A large recreational lake for Luzerne County may become a reality within the nextyear accordingtoa grant received by the County yesterday from the Department of Housing and Urban Development. I transporta.ti°n study is broken down into four phases: Phase I phases; The of data; Phase II--analysis of datainto and four the projections made ,cotf-ecti0ri0phase HI--testing and evaluation of alternate routes, and .from; Phase and process evaluaf'^erefrorrr> „nTlf^III--testing Tnlins planning nlannine = IV—the continuing °f phaS® phase II ofof the analysis and fproX^? 0 ;Velo Pment anstudy, immediate action ’ iS direc*ed toward .fficient, accident prone sections of the existing an early date- In­ the de' being studied and analyzed to determine appronX Street ei suit in immediate improvement. The fore tate actl°ns which will are begins with 1990 land use and economic activitvVt8 °f the studY re the Luzerne and Lackawanna County Planning ComiX68 Prepared bY wnisafi^^^ Under the terms of the agreement, the highways department as­ sumes 85 per cent of the cost of the study while the counties of Luzerne and Lackawanna provide the remaining 15 per cent. No financial assis­ tance is required of either Scranton or Wilkes-Barre. SURVIVAL PLAN The grant amounts to $101, 666 which includes $4, 146 for relocation assistance under the open space program. According to A. DeWitt Smith, Chairman of Luzerne County Rec­ reation and Parks Commission, the grant will assist in the purchase of 940 acres known as Andy Pond Park site i ' in Dorrance and Rice Township in the vicinity of Blytheburn. The regional the 350, 000 residents of Luzerne —1 park, which would service County contains a 34-acre lake fed by Little Wapwallopen Creek. AREA TRANSIT STUDY eral funds fo^hithw^1211^7 Act °£ 1962 stated thatafter July 1965 fed°f more than 50,000 COI^struction could not be approved for urban areas upon continuing’comnPr°Gh'1 at-°n Unless the Projects involved were based operatively by the states; transPOrtati°n planning carried out cowas the basis for the La clra °cad communities. This requirement really Voorhees. wanna-Luzerne Transportation Study by Alan and The rPurpose of the study ec°nomical -1 transportati on is to develop plans for a safe, efficient’ k";i system for the study area. In March, the Luzerne Count, Boardot agreed to a complete survey of cl’rren’'dW^r^d to a program to insure in every municipality of the County, a that these facilities will be adequate throug £020. Y The study is required of every Facilities Act monwealth, effective July 1st, under term . | requirement of many of 1965. Water facilities studies are an a • and Urban Developprojects in which the Federal Departmen ° andcity inthe Coun y mentis involved. Even if every township, estimated cost wou could complete such studies, separate y, the whole job c°u about $300,000 Under the County1 s pr°P ’Q, oOo. TheCouny done for all communities for a costX 0°00 ^ith the balance expe;cted - to ernment's cost would be less than $14, c°me from state and federal funds. iunicipallty rethat every cooperate, But to achieve this savings theurunicip^ the aumeets its requirement, ibis nec eSoluti°nS S1 ntshave beennoailed A first step will be the „aoc^’ Many coin’ ‘h°rity todothejob. Copies o^'f^ry S°ve'“ti®„s. to every planning commission thege res Unities have not, as yet, return �J survival in Luzerne County depends on how Well Our growth and - provide adequate water supplies andadequate means for col. we plan to pruviuo n----nd disposing of our wastes. The jobat hand is to get these reslecting and olutions into the County Commissioners. UPWARD BOUND The Office of Economic Opportunity has approved a grant of $65,539 for a Upward Bound Program for 50 high school students in Luzerne County. This project will be administered by the Institute of Regional Affairs, a multi-purpose College organization which views regional prob­ lems as belonging to no one single academic discipline, but rather as contemporary phenomena spilling into many disciplines. The purpose of the project is to motivate able children who, be­ cause of lack of motivation, do not feel the need of higher education. The program will concentrate mainly on the basic skills of read­ ing, compositionand mathematics. In addition to the academic program, activities are planned in accordance with the cultural, recreational and educational opportunities available in the area. Upward Bound studentswill live in campus dormitories for first­ hand observation of college life. Costs of room, board and tuition will be provided under the project, and a small sum of spending money will be allotted participants on a weekly basis. VOL- xvi. NO. 7 WILKES COLLEGE, WILKES-BARRE, PA. , JULY 15 1967 seventh annual community growth conference Now is the time to make plans to attend the Seventh Annual CommuGROWTH CONFERENCE on September 27, 1967. nity In an attempt to come to grips with the more pressing problems of our area, the planning committee for the conference will follow last year s format. The theme for this year's Conference will again con­ cern Northeastern Pennsylvania. Now is the time to make plans to exchange ideas with nationally known authorities who will participate in the Conference. Plan to join your own local public spirited leaders in deciding whether Northeastern Pennsylvania should be a "planned or unplanned" region. A follow-up plan will be instituted during the coming academic year, under which participants will periodically be invited back to the campus for educational programs. TRAINING OFFICERS has increased to such .onate out the administraan extent that it has been necessary . courses, Three training offifive work load of supervising the training co of Regional Affairs for inicers have been designated by the Ins i for Civil Defense, firemen, tiating and supervising the training c as er vise all of the Civil Defense and policemen. Ferd C. Endres wil s P > the training officer for all of training, Leonard Chesterfield will act a ervise the training classes for the fire classes, and Walter Wint will s P Police. The Institute's offering of short THOUGHTS FOR TODAY Sin. is what other people shouldn't do. The timid make excuses, while the courageous make progress. publication This News-letter, published monthly originated in the Institute of Regional Affairs and inquiries may be addressed to Dr. Hugo V.as a community service, gional Affairs, Wilkes College, Wilkes-Barre,of Wilkes College. Notes . Mailey, Institute of Re, Pennsylvania. FEDERAL MINIMUMJWA^ law -• Standards Act exr , of schools, hospitals, Recent amendments to the Federal.Fair ild include state and municipal teMing coverage to non-professional employee atld public transportation employees woul- of Labor prevails. 6rnPloyees if the position of the Departnieu •J �Two states, Maryland and Texas, have sent formal restrain^ orders to all State Attorney Generals mviting t em to join in an actiOn to prevent enforcement of this provision. The Maryland version wOuid include municipalities, the Texas one does not. To date, 23 states have joined the action. As of late spring, Pennsylvania had not participated in the action. The minimum wage amendment requires that these employees be paid a minimum of $1 per hour beginning February 1, 1967 with incre­ ments of 15£ per hour on February 1 of each year until the general mini­ mum wage of $1.60 per hour is reached in 1971. The Labor Department's position is that these state and local government employees are engaged in jobs which affect interstate com­ merce and therefore are subject to federal regulation. The States' posi­ tion is that under our federal system the Federal Government has no constitutional power to interfere with these state and municipal activities or to require them to appropriate money for such purposes. Also, if the Department of Labor's position prevails it would undoubtedly be ex­ tended to include all state and local positions which are comparable to positions in private industry. In additionto the minimum wage provisions, the Fair Labor Stan­ dards Act requires that employees be paid time-and-a-half for overtimeover 44 hours beginning February 1, 1967, over 42hours beginning February 1, 1968, and over 40 hours beginning February 1, 1969. a—2 a siignificant factor in accidents, but driving out of pattern (slower• or faster) is a factor. (3) State, to the l(3) --error causes 80-90% of all car accidents are " simplisthat driver ibstantial. " (4) Causes of accidents as reported by police riients La National unsu1 Safety <Council are meaningless. (5) Evidence does not tic an: or drugs contribute to accidents -- but it does and the that tranquilizers that drug addicts ]have lower accident rates on the road than nonshow show addicts"MARKET POTENTIAL AND ECONOMIC SHADOW" ---------- pr. Michael Ray, University of Chicago ains istraffic ,no This study introduces and develops a new concept, "economic " andstudy combines it with the market-potential concept to produce S ’ nal industrial-location model, which is tested for a case area. Market potential, which is an aggregate measure of accessibility from a given point to the market, is most applicable in explaining locations of locally owned and single-plant establishments. Hence, the "economic shadow" concept was devised to measure the attraction exercised by a region on foreign-owned branch plants. > out that the most important element of "econo13 what he calls sectoral affinity, because manufacturers The author points the parent mic shadow"stablish is ------ subsidiaries in the sector lying between generally es_______ market center of the region. company and the primary worthwhile addition to the literature on This is certainly a very If the law applies to state and local governments, then state and oca collective bargaining activity may come under NLRB jurisdiction, f i re<Iulre revision of present procedures for dealing collecpreslu b empl°yees- R Probably would produce greatly increased narticnit, 1^ Ju 80vernmentaI employees to have similar provisions, particularly the overtime provisions, applied to them. ernments from^thi^3 beenintroduced in Congress to exempt state govLuzerne Countv 2overPrOV1l1On.’ If K such SUCb legislation leSisla/fcion is not passed, are dards ? Can smlll PrO^Sd°nS for these new wa§e stan' walS? ?an sma11 municipalities under 5, 000 population afford the new wage scales? plant location theory. authority bonds eases in There are presently some eases rates are lower than comparable Gen accordingto Moody's Investors Service ls gradually diminishing even on bon s **'"’^“,'.2 Bo„d ,„ter ■st rates ^he difference1111 ^aVe an "A- ra 1958. 3. 830% 3i267% 20th Year Yield TRAFFIC ACCIDENTS 1965 3.351% 3.156% ■^Mjlwyer's index Arthur D. Little, Inc., study of traffic accidents for thiof Cambridge, Mass. , did a nine-month Some of the findings are: — .e American Manufacturers Association. (1) Police crackdowns and National Safety Council campaigns against drunken --- *1 and speeding drivers are ineffective- . 084% . 674% had time to Authority Bon< Prove The time has now come, since now enjoy the their soundness, that they �General Obligato Bonds do. At one time, certain trusts were develo that specifiedNat only General Obligation Bonds qualified as trust invealj meats Now those restriction, have been removed m recently dev«lop trust, and General Obligation Bonds and Authority Bonds are accepts IIl 1 I! ' with the same confidence. COUNCIL MANAGER Eight cities have recently been added to the Council-Manage iager Directory bringing to 2, 160 the total number of Council-Manager commu­ nities in the United States and Canada. During the past 20 y -------, the years, Council-Manager Plan has shown a net increase of about 71 cities ----- -s and towns per year. Council-Manager Places 1947 1957 1967 729 1,446 2, 160 At the end of 1966, al ’’ of 110 Council-Manager cities had total no managers. This is only 5% of total —7 -- the --------manager cities. Forty of the 110 vacant positions were in towns of less than 5,,000 population. The Councils in many of these places, because they ■'------- smaller ” ' „._y are not paying enough salary, are are having 1---- 1'"’ a difficult time getting qualified men. In 1966, in cities with a p \ ’ population between 50, 000 and 100, 000 the mean average salary was $18, 950, ranging from alow of $7,525 to $30, 264. thoughts for today As the Chi:neseproverb says: burn his britch. es behind him. Man who keep pipe in back pocket A husband who g' gives his wife his month will never have troubl salary check the first of every ---- le -- unless she finds month. out he's paid twice a PUBLICATION This News-letter, published monthly originated in the Institute of Regional Affairs as a community service, and inquiries may be addressed to Dr. of Wilkes College. Notes gional Affairs, Wilkes College, Wilkes Hugo V. Mailey, Institute of Re;-Barre, Pennsylvania. VON vyl, ko. 8 WILKES COLLEGE, WILKES-BARRE, PA., cfventh nity AUGUST 15, 1967 ANNUAL COMMUNITY GROWTH CONFERENCE Now is the time to make plans to attend the Seventh Annual CommuGROWTH CONFERENCE on September 27, 1967. In an attempt to come to grips with the more pressing problems of our area, the planning committee for the conference will follow last year's format. The theme for this year's Conference will again con­ cern Northeastern Pennsylvania. Now is the time to make plans to exchange ideas with nationally known authorities who will participate. in the Conference.. Plan IW to join in deciding whether Northeastern your own local public spirited leaders Pennsylvania should be a "planned or unplanned" region. 1967 LEGISLATION OF INTEREST TO local^oveRISnB^ • + Class Township Code, Act 18, amending Section 611 for delegates toatten increases the per diem allowance ro ownShip officers- conventions of county associations o ^..mship Code, x601 of the Second Cla^ of township Act 19, amending Section 601 o c^ty association days of Provides for semi-annual convention supervisors, auditors and taxcolle ompensation of miie traveled tendance from 1 to 2; increases the c0^aseS the rate per ^tending from $10 to $20 per day; an 1 from 8£ to 10£. Township c°Je’ zvnd ClasS T° tcrWnshrp 702 of the Seco general en Act 25, amending Section 7 otection ^prtv withm ;t ionfrom g ener ' ^uthorizes the payment of costs o eSSlrients . on property fUnd. -is or in certain cases from as antlndred and eighty feet of any Hre y �Act 38, amending Section 1709 of the First Class Township Code, increases the maximum annual tax levy from 1 to 2 mills that thle town. ship may levy for fire fighting purposes. 1967 ALL-AMERICA CITIES AWARDS COMPETITION In today's rapidly evolving society, neglected problems can be­ come crises almost overnight. In these days, no citizen can afford to be apathetic--no city can afford to stand still. To encourage "citizen action, " the National Municipal League and Look Magazine co- sponsor the annual All-America Cities Awards that give national recognition to the initiative, the teamwork and the volunteer effort involved when citizens set out to improve their communities. You are invited to enter as a contestant if you believe your city qualifies under the following rules: (1) A city must show major civic achievements of benefit to the community as a whole. (2) It must give evidencethat these achievements resulted from"citizen action"--that is, the initiative and effort of a substantial number of citizens acting to im­ prove their community. (3) The actionshould be recent. Programs may have beenbegun inprevious years , but should at least be approaching cul­ mination this year. (4) Any size community may enter. Population and resources are taken fully into account in judging. (5) A city need not be a model community to win. Successful action, not perfection, is the cri­ terion. However, a city may be disqualified because of existing critical problems, unless progress is being made toward their solution. (6) To qualify for consideration, a city must be formally entered as a contesnt y one of its citizens, citizen groups or public officials. Achievements must be of major scope relative to the city's size and resources, n and must be of basic significance to the communityWithin this framed ~./ork, all areas of action" are acceptable. Have you improved in an tanding way your city's government, municipal services, housing, tionalfacilitieT’13^6 relatlons’ ec°nomy, and educational and recreasuccessful action in TnTmb^of m^ fUH’SCale accomplishment, or show those suggested above major areas not necessarily confined to mittee, are invited t’ W jCh are chosen by an impartial screening cornernment to addrec spokesmen to the National Conference on Goveducation busing/a twe^ve distinguished leader s in government, is Dr. George H. CiViC affairs- The foreman of the jury Opinion and Chair™* UPf’ lrector of the American Institute of public 0 he Council of the National Municipal League. choices and verification of evidence foil th held in ^vvauKee, Milwaukee, Wis Wis . s* hearings ,ntestants must use the official ’ °V* 12‘15- iference tms this year will be pre-,limi»ary , coni ■fhe d to the National Municipal r o Gntry fornL filled r . ■ AH co: fee. For entry form, write to-^t °Ct°ber 2n^ T1 oturne1 and rd rica Cities Program, Carl H Pf E 10nal Municipal T Street, imer Elding, 47^ entry New York, N. Y. 10021 is no o All-Ame CENSUS BUREAU The Statistics United States BureauAr ofethe Census has re] ofFederal for Local a s,,^ which updXs the coverage of the Directory of Federal Statistics for Metronolit/T issued in 1962 by the Advisory Comr^T^^^^ The Directoryis a comprehensive reference guide to federal sorelating to geographic and political areas below cial and economic data the state level. The subject matter is arranged under twenty-two major headings including such diverse topics as business and commerce, governments, population, and climate. Copies may be purchased from the United States Government Printing Office, Washington, D. C. 20402 — for one dollar per copy. TRANSPOBTATm^H°SS®’ m act, chapter 31, which The 1967 Indiana Legislature has3 pa®S®ach county in whlCh ^on ,ach county creates a mass transportation Authori a municipal corp _ class city is situated. Bach Each author^^-;„ket authority budget, 0.^4., With the - i —y ------- . an power to levy taxes, adopt an^ contracts. sue or be sued, acquire property, ’ 311 . „ construction, __ for the Planninagr'ies, control of An Authority will be responsible — ..uuiurny willthoroughfare oe y-foin its boun sy s> and re and maintenance of all spO rtation Maintenance of all thoroughfares v. Parking, designation of routes for mass view °f present bus and truck routes. iVERNMENT^ ^£gjQNAL COUNCILS OF GO presidentJohns°^ -----c our country byylast 4.1 year, in a message to the Congress Med (that .,'Earl than 35 years, ou e end of this century, in less t— �A li­ ­ WILKES COLLEGE, WILKES-BARRE, PA. SEPTEMBER 15, 1967 This prospect is enough to stagger the imagination of even the most ambitious municipal official. The problems of meeting the physical, the social and the economic demands generatedby this growth in themselves are almost beyond conception. But for those of us in local government, the problem has still an added dimension: We must create, literally out of thin air, a political framework within which this urban growth can take place in a sound and constructive fashion. yOL I Don't forget to attend the Seventh Annual Community GROWTH CONFERENCE on September 27, 1967. Now is the time to make plans to exchange ideas with nationally known authorities who will participate in the Conference. 's Conference is--"How Can Welmprove The theme for this year1 the Image of Northeastern 1Pennsylvania?" What is our image? How do outsiders view us? Is our image good or bad? Would the use of Northeastern Pennsylvania strip mine pits as sanitary landfills for Philadelphia give Northeastern Pennsylvania abadimage? Was the lowered credit rating for Wilkes-Barre by Moo y s I caused by a bad image? I by Walter A. Scheiber, Executive Director Metropolitan Washington Council of Governments lonal Capital Region Transportation Planning Board thoughts Quiet friendliness FOR TODAY often wins where loud logic has failed. The hard thin, ‘g to give away is kindness. to the giver. It keeps coming back publication This News-letter, published monthly as a <----originated in th. community service, -ie Institute of Regional Affairs of Wilkes and inquirie s may be addressed to Dr. Hugo V. —-J College. Notes gional Affairs, Wilkes College, Wilkes-Barre, Mailey, Institute of Re­ Pennsylvania. NO. 9 SEVENTH ANNUAL COMMUNITY GROWTH CONFERENCE Fifty years ago, in the early years of the twentieth century, most of our urban areas were precisely defined. Their activities were encom­ passed, by and large, within the bounds established by traditional city, village or borough lines. There were few demands upon individual muni­ cipal governments which they could not meet within the context of the powers granted them by their respective state constitutions. Today, a short half century later, we live in a far different en­ vironment. The population explosion, the easy mobility created by the automobile, and the increasing complexity of urban life brought about y t e technological revolution of the past few years, have caused both population and our problems to spill over our traditional boundary left 10Cal g°vernment officials bewildered and at a loss to cope with them. xvl. I i I i the Wyoming Valley San­ A sense of that "Image" aevelop^”^ ai’of the largest bond buyers itary Authority floated its bond issue. pric .■because, it was said, e. Pressed for specif in the nation refused to buy the bon s Image".as our "pocket of povNortheastern Pennsylvania has such a things small communities, *cs, customer representatives cite sU , too many, some have impr oved erty” label, inequities in assessments^ Some of these are unjust, nd there is are true and and corrupt government. L----• apply, but some < in recent years, some no longer lulation is damning. c„~"nl'nr just enough truth that the accumi changed. It is imconeasily (1) improving Jthe -’'»<'onP°rta«A■'■rna§e is a state of mind, and thereby ca n become ;tandpoints: so that they iLantto approach image from two s cept here ' ‘ I a public relati°nS e^issar^is area By the people who live undertaking Lble con.mbat unfavorai Progra les *n selling the area; and (2) to conn°ta-tiOris a^rne<i at those outside the area s °f Northeastern Pennsylvania. �CLEAN SUSQUEHANNA Reuben H. Levy, Chairman How can Northeastern Pennsylvania strengthen itself i those areas that have weaknesses? How can Northeaster^61-1141^ in word externally about its assets? ^enn.. spread the -Wyoming valley sanitary authority GROUND BREAKING LUNCHEON Plan now to join local public spirited leaders in appraisin image of Northeastern Pennsylvania on September 27, 1967. 8 the SHORT COURSES The Institute of Regional Affairs will inaugurate the most diver­ sified and comprehensive in-service training program in its 16 year his­ tory. The 29 courses are designed to make available to elected and ap­ pointed officials the means of improving the performance of their duties. There will be 17 course offerings beginning in August and September and another ---—n12 courses which will be initiated in January 1967.. Short courses are available to police, firemen, civil defense workers, assessors, justices of the peace and aidermen, and street workers. The Institute of Regional Affairs is most fortunate to have the co­ operation of Mr. FredMiller, Director of the Public Service Institute, in making these courses possible to local government officials. Mr. Miller and his staff have assisted in planning the in-service training program for the sixteenth consecutive year. pollution of the in ears, Pe„„sylva „iathis b" ” “npoverish an old st I'- F down, Northeastern much of itenvironment resulting froTY1 • h 810 d an fjertheasternPennsylvania is no/™™ “X"?! manyy is to realize the 25% gain over the next decade’ ' the »h°le reX to Hve Planning Board, improvements such as th a anticipated by the i — plant are a matter of «• The plans of the Wyoming Valley Sanitary Authority are directed toward meeting the long-range needs of one of the most important sections ofthe United States. Wyoming Valley is not only part of the Susquehanna River Basin, but is right in the center of it. Wyoming Valley is deter­ mined to live up to its new role--the crossroads of the east. The Wyoming Valley Sanitary Authority was created on December 12, 1962. When it was organized, its legion of critics staunchly main­ tained that it would never function efficiently. They said there were too many communities involved, and consequently the board would bog down in a quagmire of factionalism and rivalries. GOVERNMENT and the family eral health programs today> The papers--on mental health, genof existing Programs’aMamlv^^Tu011’ housing--offer a resume naiysis of their impact on the family. Ma.UriC :eF. Connery of the School of Social aid Programs have a biasVv6™16™’ point out that almost all government m®nt of the familv a °Ward the individual--sometimes to the detri highway construction or^x G°Veri1 'ernmental policies in other areas, like to ‘heir impact on the struL” reneWa1’ , are often mac}e without regard structure of familie s that get in their way. Welfare^ UCLA, Clark E.• Vine entofthe f ' J-s Particularly c School of Medicine of Wake Forest College vwith the p„etaymconcerned , current trend of government menta and their* impact eloprnent in on the family. He warns the latest ,dd'^t's attempt to provide for the mentally ill> already hard pressed American family. Whatever success the Wyoming Valley Sanitary Authority has at­ tained, it is to the everlasting credit of the councils of the communities which formed the organization. Every townappointed civic-minded rep­ resentatives to the Authority. There has been no factionalism or rival­ ries. R is truly the spirit of voluntary intergovernmental co opera 4J work. I want to pay tribute to all of them for their energetic, capaof this venture. e> and conscientious contributions to the progress communities together. It was not easy for Dr. Mailey J^whlt was ‘ then thought almost It took more than a fortnight toaccom would bring about a wastePittston to Nanticok an impossibility--to form an Anthon ¥ Valiey from ir°m V'm'unicipa 1 bodie . . •ley —i hndies water treatment plant serving Wyom g that the °n both sides of the Susquehanna Rive confidence in Lies o*’ - ~r so that showed their wisdom and foresight a fiting the pe P of our valleySUchaproject could become a reaW rleywhopr°v: —rided nd who WithItl^°uld like to thank Wilkes Collegeand Dr. Us ,nfident s dire e who possesses tremendous orga. hai lie wi]i the first phase of this project so ca' show ^at°nh,the is Ci‘^hole Contlri”° in the same capacity continue to serve in the same road, so to speak. �Wathan Glazer of the University of California at RP v , la“d Sling « rig“S WayS neC £°r th‘S Both Warren Phelan and Jerome Parker of the Department Urban Development were most co-operative in lending this Auth. of ■°rity $563,514 for engineering plans. Mr. Robert Cox of the Regional Office of the Economic Devel ment Administration has devoted a great deal of time and study to this project. His assistance was invaluable in getting us over $4 900 000 The State Health Department through Ralph Heister and Russell Kluck have been of tremendous assistance. Last but not least, the maestro himself, who has been a tower of strength in every worthwhile endeavor for our community--our Representative in the United States Congress, our very good friend Dan, who has nursed this project from the beginning. The loyalty and sincerity of all the professional talent associated with this project--Alfred Estrada, Joseph Flanagan, John Dempsey, and George Spohrer--have produced the substantial gains and the continuing progress which places the Authority almost two years ahead of schedule. Many hours of planning have gone into implementing this regional system of stream pollution abatement. ily llfe a requireS 3 in we., for "decent living, " Glazer points out, is peculA? * Umily id housing. The U. S. census calls housing with two persons n” °Wn for "dec_2c The T wdU. .ng) S... whereas new government houPs.ng - P« mom ”ex. cesS1V crowding is built , for five adults per room. Also, we do noA 8’ " eXaA-ole, Ptterishousing built forwill improve the quality of family life. InfteTrst better housing v that ^ost of the research on the ill-effects of bad housing has been place, most ,.desperately inadequate housing," which means housing with running water, electricity, and so on. In fact, desperately done on out toilets H„_te housing is quite rare in this country. There is no established Nation between housing inadequai housing conditionsand social unrest, either; housing better and more spacious than in Harlem, but Correll' is considerably ide r ably Uviolence has been more explosive in Watts. in cial Watts rac_ Glazer's second major point is that the notion of what constitutes good housing depends on how it compares on the scale of all available housing. In this country, he reminds us that the standard of desirable housing--however inefficient the idea may seem to urban planners--is the detached single family home owned by its occupants. The major thrust of government policy has been encouraging the building of such homes; while the entire public housing program has built 600,000 housing units, the FHA home mortgage program has supported the building of 5, 000, 000 individuals units. Housing policy reaches out to people in modest income brackets--it does not bring the private house within means ofreallypoor people. Glazer believes that housing programs should make the small family house available for poor people also--through family allowances community, their er members of this community and outside of this ers andmg and cooperation is equally appreciated. °r rent subsidies. Pennsylvania’s fut^^A^AT 1S the keY to central and Northeastern hanna. What is done'in i 1SfutUre dePends on a pollution-free Susquedevelopment and use of w^™^8 and exPanding opportunities for the entirely on public under standi" N°rtheast Pennsylvania depends almost eduJV1161618 grass-rootsundg' .Slgnificantprogress can be made only education and by example. standing that is best developed through return from. SUBURBIA firm-nnai-Mn real estate a Manhattan ,the nt of the According to a survey taken by a^irnately twenty ,roximat. returned City Carles H. Greenthal and Company- 'Xk have Persons leasing apartments in New after sampling suburban life. eral, hves fO: shed. expenditure of $27, 000, 000 of fed' who wi^X^1^2 this T.is system will result inbrighter d play in the Susquehanna River water-" For r- ociation with thisit has been a g group Of dedi<great experienc e and an enjoyable assseated men. and improve' the personal objections ssary to Property taxes, time spent in a seCoi entertai , in com: weekend ^tionships in the suburbs,” cost cost of a __ "expense of ,.nd the co»> 8ive the 1 busband and wife mobility > room. for the the r«t»« 8Uests who <’ of a spare give: in to take advantage ^Mntainingdrop status among the reasons symbols are to ^ City life. tOt Ri.tag costs of �town insurance andinsura greater resulted Lower premium costs c ncecoverage programhave which place in. Wethersfield, ConneC,'C. surance commissions limited to a fixed frotn ance ona bid basis wi The neW program was devel sUr, gotog to .he aihoUtlt oped by a special fiveman council xty N0VOL 10 WILKES COLLEGE, WILKES-BARRE CITY PREPARES GOVERNMENT TEXT Saginaw, Michigan (population 99, 000), rcc recently distributed 900 copies of a booklet YOUR LOCAL GOVERNMENT MT IN SAGINAW to the city's public and parochial high schools. The 32-page booklet, prepared by the city manager's office and public and parochial school administrators and teachers, describes the operation and organization of the city's government. It also cover s coun­ ty, township, and public school governments in the Saginaw area, the city history, legal requirements for establishing a city and the various types of government a city may adopt. The booklet was prepared to stimulate student interest in local government by serving as a s supplement to the generalized g_ treatment local government usually receives .s in the high school --1 curriculum. THOUGHTS FOR A fad is something that One of the being a mother. goes in TODAY one era and out the other. father is that it's better than The A. B. degree means that two lett, :ers of the alphabet. the holder has mastered the first 4 PUBLIC. ^xGATION This News-letter, published monthly as a c originated in the Institute of Regional Affairs of Wilk, and inquiries may be addressed to Dr. Hugo V. Mailc , . gional Affairs, Wilkes College, Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania. community service, tes College. Notes ey, Institute of Re­ pa ’ OCTOBER i5) 1967 PARADOX FOR POLITI CIA NS "politician" is another word in our ■>vocabulary ’ * which has been seriously corroded. What a strange paradox it is that in the --------- evolution of our modern democracy we have come to downgrade those who devote their lives to the public service by offering themselves as candidates for elective office. Many such are fine, able men who would distinguish themselves in any career. Some are unworthy, but when they are in office it is we ourselves who are at fault; they are there solely because we businessmen are not. By our own indifference we create the vacuum into which they are drawn. The executive who speaks in disgust of the "dirty politicians" is like the college senior who from the stand yells "coward" at the fullback when he himself has refused to try out for the team. Though it be bad government they create, it is nevertheless our government. If we do not like it, the way to change it is to take the job on ourselves, and prove that we can do it better. Heaping abuse upon thosewho do whatwe will not is unb _ Our ccountry ' will not remain great unless we restore m t e . public office tthe ’__. dignity -lo-—>---------------------7 esteem , and universal which it possesse ■ — the Declaration of Independence was signe Anonymous Business—-r. '^jg^ULTURAL PROBLEM OF URBAN RENEWAL 'T’l-. real problem is people and not slums. Urban renewalh-s ■ < lnfluenCe People, , and the physical improvement of their homes —of Harvard ^ough. A1 Political Scientist, Professor James Q. Wilson 1----univerSity (1965), puts it this way: vertv , a race "We have three major problems in our cities: apo let me add t pr°blena> and a cultural problem. B> but’ \d0 not mean the problem of maintain! g Metropolitan . ducational PrC\l'-";_ sitesU ture in the e young in a a broader broader sense: sense: the culture culture c people takine°\a Sou nd, stable family life which ca * a con front them. I mean sound, stable family life which CUlti ?ntage of the best °PP°rtU^?!nd not a high-br°'V sense. antage of the best opportunities 1 hereIc»-c '-refore, in an anthropological aam �.. These are the real problems-poor people, dxsadvantapged^inor itv groups, and people who come from famxlxes whxch have f:or t on! provided no support for education, for intellectual attainn * get^a. ambition. There is no reinforcement for anything but dupliCi ent> for ~atlnrg the tragic pattern of the past. For these three kinds of problems, stable so that a kind of neighborhood cult lfficiently lCial controls are automatically exerHc.,,. e can bevel,■°P. which S°; bv ™ * not have to inexercised ■by,a police force which, in be .erates as a kind of army of occupation facii our large Americancities. opeLng hostile natives . S11' renewal, as it has been practiced in the United States until recent!U1-hatl either irrelevant or disadvantageous. In the name of improving Jy. is or in the name of improving housing--in short, in the name < ■g ' cities, with fictions--urban renewal has bypassed the real problems,of dealing fn some cases, it has made them worse." INFORMATION CENTER The United States Office of Educati cational Research Information Center (ERIC) &S estabtished the Edusystem designed to serve the educational res ■ a national information available to any user reliable, current educat. C°mmunity bymaking search-related materials. micational research and re- "We may be at a point now at which some, kind of fundamental reconciliation must be.made between what we are doing to the physical shells of our cities and what we hope to do with the people who live in those shells. It seems that if urban renewal is accelerated, as it may well be, before an institutional response has been devised to the problems of poverty, race, and culture, that these problems may be made worse or their solutions impeded. Urban renewal on a larger scale than is prac­ ticed today may continue to break up natural neighborhoods and the sub­ cultures around which these neighborhoods are organized, weakening those institutions -- schools, churches, and kinship ties -- that are essential to dealingwith fundamental human problems. A vast increasein the scale of urban renewal will further reduce the supply of low-cost housing faster than we increase the capacity of people to acquire higherost housing. Finally, an accelerated urban renewal program may very we increase the sense of family insecurity and decrease the attachment stiZ 7! t0 community which is already so weak that it conwho are ERIC presently is based upon a network of thirteen information clearing houses or documentation centers located throughout the coun­ try. "Research in Education, " a monthly publication which lists pro­ jects recently supported through the Bureau of Research and final reports received from completed Bureau of Research projects, has been pub­ lished since November, 1966. Eachissue includes abstracts and detailed indexes of cited re sear ch documents; an accumulative index will be pub­ lished annually. BEAUTIFICATION PROGRAM 6 fundamental obstacles to the improvement of the people the disadvantaged at the bottom of the social heap. " " Poverty in the United Strnot - genetically, of course, but . s, to — :ate a very real extent, is inherited — of too-large 1 families, too-weak culturally ally. Poverty Poverty is is a vicious cycle and f • families, , families headed by mothers lack of ' a “d bY ‘he lack of victimized To eHmin; by racial prejudice, by to the l0 ss of self reCle’ Whole a sense of opportunity and purpose, Pattern of joblessness which leads Pendency, ads to de be eliminated.ch breeds child; desertion, which leads to dere^ho begin th, —te cycle all over again, must II Perhaps tribut, e significan c- tiyatortheewa1, as time, these are it is jpresently constituted, can conSolntion dealt the most of thease problems. And at the same ■y today. ^Portant not a hese People "t Proble smaller ms facing America domes SuPPly. r-P 2 need hood a larger ties aad fai Wh« *• needed supply of low-cost housing. -irnily ties; today is ’ and to J to strengthen neighbor­ encourage neighborhoods to becom® AT?’ The beautification awards program has ton, California Planning Commission. F°u^ 1 son presents awards of excellence toindivi ua hy the Stockyear, the commisorganizations, or pri­ , v^ng their prop - vate firms that have considered aesthetic va ues erty. X h, designers, and educitizens committee, including architect® imendations to the commisscreens proposals and r8 —— design1 or rehabilitation-- A whiXt :PeCt’ Which le' I cators, sion. >Categories ( include new envxronm institutional; parking develop. residential,* —commercial, industrial, or lercial signs as anintegral men ^entt,> such as landscaping or screening; c value; significant contride si, ■gn feature, reflecting effective a ver aesthetic ” : betterment of the cotiOn by a industrial establishperson or persons leading r ; a i or i — OrWiunity, cc ontinuing effort by a corn®"1 mainta^ -l.i a level of attractivene Helled private home , Reci . -------------u= to - date include _ ter Ipients of awal awards re™°d alandscapea !«««* an°ffiC1 home e building, an auto agency servi Parking lot. �PLANNING IN THE SCHOOLS f -„ one of the plans of the Conference of the American Society fOr ' - Planning Officials in San Francisco next May 4-9, 1968 is a Sessi°n on planning courses that have been introduced into the elementary ar ’ -ndhigh schools around the country. There are only a few, and only a handful' -1 of tests, most of them written several years ago. One of the best series was prepared by the San Francisco Unified School District between 1948 and 1950 for the third grade. It consists of a series of sixpamphlets. Illustrations of some of the pamphlets are: in AND OUT OF SAN FRANCISCO, FUN IN SAN FRANCISCO, WORKIN SAN FRANCISCO, EARLY IN SAN FRANCISCO, AT HOME IN SAN FRAN­ CISCO, and SAN FRANCISCO TODAY. There is also a teacher1 s manual suggesting the use of the materials. While the pamphlets have not been updated, anew film strip series on San Francisco has just been completed. A required 12th grade course in senior civics in the San Francisco schools includes a unit on Goals for an Urban Society. City Planning is the approach to social studies for eighth grader s in four New York City junior highschools. Junior planning commissions are being formed in high schools throughout the State of Michigan. SMALL SYSTEMS RECEIVE FUNDS politan Transit^AuthoHtv6^e\bUSeS Wil1 be Purchased bY the Erie Metro- Housing and Urban i a' wi-tbfunds provided by the Department of will go to build office and°Pment * The remainder of the $1,432, 170 new Authority's devel garaSe facilities. One area of emphasis in the adequate transportation^fT^1 °f a satisfactory system will be providing Parks. °n for low income groups to hospitals, schools, and THOUGHT EnvY Sh00ts for TODAY This News -letter, Published j---- -institute as a community service> of Regional monthly Affai ‘ -irs of Wilkes College. Notes addr e; ssed to Dr. Hu, s Colli-ge, Wilkes.B‘go V. Mailey, Institute of Re' ‘ rre> Pennsylvania. • I . I -1 -1 I \'O^ Most = systems, and a competence which relate to the organiiafcxi ifcseEf. They evolve procedures as well­ goals and discipline which, though always identified as facilitating the organization's end product, usually take precedence over the end product and, after a while become the end product. The worker who insists that what he really wants are guides to done, not mere explanations of his dilemma, may not be getting things < ■ or satisfied with these maxims. He will have to wait for entirely happy another paper devoted to "Getting the Job Done." It is interesting, and just a little sad, to see how tions, with shining escutcheons and high hopes, oft refugees and defectors from older organizations, 5 ~ ni-c---c-anm accarat, crust, the bureaucratic symptoms, —e ---d'etre and style of the older organizations. The deficiencies, tions are often explained away ■V1- • getting started. " This reminds me oi a L.stv.-/ > United States: "The U.S. is the only C°Urut intervene.'t to go from barbarism to decadence ,,jy from Similarly, organizations should not without going through maturity. at others and wounds herself. SH2LICATION . u WILKES COLLEGE, Wn NO. A reformulation of Gr»-f«h.n nomenon (in economic theory. g°°d money"). For a L"r*7 g0°d habits. ■ My ft u , . ((7Z iS needed >o ‘ , Sint* , < • •■■ -— �MAXIM ONE. Where Are the Calculations That Go With culated Risk? theCal. MAXIM TWO. Inventing Is Easy for Staff Outfits, f lem Is Much Harder. Instead of Stating Problems People 3 Li^ to p"kOut Half-accurate Statements Together With Half-availablea c , aSs Which They Can't Finish and Which They Want You to Finish. Sol"H»ns MAXIM THREE. Every Organizationis Self­ Ever Ask an Outfit to Justify Itself, or You'll Be Cow Perpetuatim [g- Don't ures, and Fancy. The Criterion Should Rather Be,•eredwith Fact Fig. If the Outfit Stops Doing What It's Doing? " The Value of ' "What Will H; [aPpen Is Easier Determined This Way. an Organizati, —cion MAXIM FOUR. Try " to Find Out Who's Doing the Writing About It, Controlling It, W°rk, Not Who's , or Summarizing It. MAXIM FIVE, Watch Out for Formal Briefings. They Often Produce an Avalanche. (Definition; A High-level Snow Job of Massive and Overwhelming Proportions.) MAXIM SIX. The Diffi, One to the Fact That a F_1 culty of the Coor dir .nation Coordinated Piece of Pap* Task Often Blinds to Be Either the MajorFully or Often Turns Out That W;—• The Final Product of the— jer Is Not Supposed ay. Organization, But It MAXIM SEVEN. Most Or—< Idea at a Time.. 'rganizations Can't Hold More Than One c°mpetitive> r- •.’ Thus Complementar Further, Like a Q —-*y Ideas Are Always Regarded as Quantized Pendulum, an Organization Can -treme to the - Other, Without Ever Going Through the EMERGENCY <'()M MIII11' / |j, . There is no consistent and estabIj_. ofall emergency communications sy.tf.r "" ‘ and fire - among the 73 municipalities'"V "" ; : fractionalization of communications n / the present time, there are approxi^'^^ . ~ ' / emergency vehicles in Wyoming Valle- -• -• ; base stations being the Police De™,~ Sreates: =-- < ■‘■^po.rLment, ■—-x-c The need of a centralized emergency co which would provide the inhabitants of Luzerne''-3 communication service necessary to ensure ef is readily apparent. anc protect p- The Emergency Communications Center should be located in a building which will provide protection from radiation in the event of nuclearwar, preferably in the Luzerne County Court House. Allmanufac­ turers of communications equipment can set up a system in stages be­ ginning with a police system first and adding other capabilities without obsoleting the present equipment. In establishing a centralized communi­ cations system, purchase of a radio system composed of equipment from a single manufacturer is most imperative to facilitate the maintenance of an efficient program. ^7dPleFr0In °ne Ext: Costs of an integrated County ^^^^great extent on the all protective services in the County, wi municipalities desire to degree of sophistication that the County an Commissioners shou ^axim EIGHT. Eb It Are Reading: Was Try to j Find the Real Tense of the Report You Done. Reports Are ReP°rts AareNDOne’ Is Tt Bemr Tense, Future ” -are Tense, Ten, N°W Written in Fou■g Done, or Is It Something to Bet (Contractor, GRAMmar), ar Tenses; rr, e’ and Preten, -tenses; Past Tense, Present RAMmar), Define// Watch Watch ffor °r Novel Uses of Congram Present, and the *’ N centralize communications.. The Board of Co^o at $35 000 bear the original cost of establishing sue a sy expenditure of $W,u>Jfor the base station, and an annual °Pera .... of the mobile The municipalities should bear the r espons . t£on and $',J ?" -le Absolutely perfecty^h® imperfect Past, the Insufficient 'msTraVelers CUsto; to foreign lands 1 hoflpe and history.8 go e,d anduse handbooks on the local gled -lertopassed ° residents of vast bureaucracieS‘ to ITiends, WiH Word of mouth and in smug' *Wira‘»pSu„SgsU,h' e of use to a larger audience. Air REPRiNT. Amrom H. Ka^ rce Magazine, November, I?67 mated at $1,200 per unit for the initial mst maintenance and operation. fhe costThe sb i>OSsib>ility of securing Federal matermz -^rnerge nc °U^d be carefully and seriously considered — Costshould tem of t Cy Communications System is woven into —-Luzerne eof n.,;_ erne County, competent personnel can . eTiipment. a centralized emergency ccm— ■ tainccn • .S'”an’' communications with the agencie "'s in preventing loss of life and damt-r-* �ACT 160. Amends Sections 4, 5 and 7 of t ‘ -ne Local Ta Actof 1965 to remove the provisions relating to rreenactmQ a X Enablin that every tax levied under the provisions of this force on a calendar year basis without annual reenact act would of tax was substantially changed. :ment Unlecouth ssth, ie rate ACT 166. Amends Section 521 of the Optionai Charter Law to provide that any future laws enacted v ; Third we .2!.^ pointing power upon the mayor or other executive heads Which confer S S City be construed as meaning the city-manager in cities tile ap. -J °f the city manager form of government. bating unde’r are to a City ACT 220. Amends Section 4 of the authorize pensions for widowers of Optional Retirement Law to employeSj ditional payments to be made to , and would provide for adthe retirement allowance. contributors who have been entitled to ACT 222. Amends Section 408 of the Optional Third Class Charter Law to permit citySection council/ “ to* hold its organization the following day when the first Mondav i= - legal holiday. ; council to hold' City meeting on 1 -Monday is a COLOR COMES TO CLEVE i^N^TRASH Cleveland is £—* ' o partment employees spending in bright $60, 000 to clothe 2, in k-- - > orange uniforms. 000 of its service deThe orange uniforms v Ployees. _. They will also afford will help identify the unifori■ms become standard, prowle - 1 protection to 3 se workers as city emoff as city employees. ’ lars will beresidents, because after the : unable to pass themselves THOUGHT FOR • It may rtoday be better 1 and be be done with it, t° be a s inner than ■ butf0( fool. You can repent for 5 iong in memory. ^2LlCATioN ■Tetter, Q, S ; NO. I2 WILKES COLLEGE, WILKES-BARRE, pa. BE'"’----- - - XL MODEL CITIES GRANT Now that the hurrahs and shouts of elation have died down over Wilkes-Barre being selected as one of the demonstration cities and the DCND -Act: the time has come to take a hard view at all the unifications and ramifications attendant on the selection. The Main Rue scion is: Are all the people inig.-curs volved in the pre gram really prepared tr accept e cc e ; t Act? Do they realize how revolutionary that -eg_s . ; -heyreaE.ee that vested rights of individuals .'.n.' . J if not made to disazzear ? The Act provides for a new program the living environment and the general"<• 1 neighborhoods can be substantially imp1 comprehensive attack on social, economu blighted area through the most effectiv1 •' and coordination of Federal, State and l‘>> 3 , x , ■ ' ■■ >(^,| r. o l K I Of prime importance is an analysln "I 0" ysical problems of the model neighborhood .n"3 ... lib The City City must must have have high high but b’d r«* iblf , i . i end of five years (or less)* " . ,, fin' 11 years (or they less).nbo" It 1may b<- (l ,,t;j|ill < what general terms; ' (in tng the planning period. Io’"' Planning period. Pfessed 1 quantitatively. |(.i ll" Id 1 ' ” ...... .......... |i( hIihhI'I 1 ’ *~i d community service, of Wilkes College. Notes go V. bailey, Institute of RePennsylVania. ’ ,, . I,,.i "Il *' Local citi 7,f-rt k , ■//<■ 11 <> [ihI'I I' ,n'l veloping project'; -m' 1 ,r IlvUir'i in" ft I ; and she, >.'m t* >' > ["* ’' it, iln |(h>iiiii"l! f°r de. gran. fl |<» 1 )>' I ifl 'I' <|l' ' I'1 lup"' ||,i Im 11 T" jil. �Three serious questions which all public and Private neighborhood residents must wrestle with -—i are; A. B. C. gr°aPs aH(i C * essential to carrying a Can the public officials and out private agencies zations essentia selected con aprehensiv( and the citizen groups in the selected together to analyze lets of the area andthe to social, developeconomic program neighbO' and j ’ - ; al prob. goals ? Can an awareness begin to develop that a variety of projects and activities must be linked to get at deep-rooted problems? Can discussions generate new and innovative techniques ? aPProacheSand The content of a ------r.vucnsive program is implied by the pur­ poses of the legislation ascomprehensive statedin Sec. 101 of the Act. They are; (a) to in Sec. rebuild or revitalize large stated slumand blighted ar eas;(b) to expandhousing (c) to expand job and income opportunities; (d) to reduce dependence on welfare payments, (e) to improve educational facilities and programs; C°m^at disease and ill health; (g) to reduce the incidence of crime (h tnActTr"^' t0 enhance recreational and cultural opportunities; to imnrovp • etter access between homes and jobs; and (j) in general, wprove hv.ng coaditioas for (he people i-ve ,n the^ A following; cornPrehensive ities, both. :reation_and culturaj_component concerned win of recreational and cultural opportunities boVaT^ A recr broad and private, designed to serve the par Hr n bilities of area residents. -tcular interests, passive, pnbHc tastes, and a A crime to reduction component witt,of crinTXT'™ . nity resources prevent and control concerned the outbreak ’ habilitate criminals and delinquents; health m-norr.™ i . and to re“ b, t alcoholism and designed to develop a wider range olLcome^d hi,™ time opportunities; activities designed to build effective relation- 7 mutual respect between area residents and police forces. A health component concerned with physical and mental health services and facilities acces sible to and used by all residents of the area, including health education, personal services, diagnostic and thera­ peutic services, rehabilitative and restorative services, and area wide environmental health services. program is an appropriate combination of the A^ysical i; .mprovement component lenities that contribute concerned with all the facilcxsfymg livi; .ing environment. to making an area or neigh- ig component needs in<:Creas — & ing the’ particular!- concerned with r-'y °the f 1qw and meeting the full range of °f th. availability of -le City. moderate -income families, and eXisti; ■ng housim•g supply to all residents component can ^aces"of -f emplov_ cerned with the physical access ent, shopping and community facil" quality aSes. in °f the Poor and economic develop^ necessary to develop a c including assessment and employment Tr'*n?' ejects an aSS essment and follow-up employment needs,’ outreach ient, training, placementand functions nH iCh and system- ' health and educational systems. and cl°se linkage cruitm' with the A social services and^blix_ass^s^^ compon n^ neighadditional activities and services to part ker training, planned borhoods, legal aid, consumer counseling, homem unge^ng complaint parenthood, credit assistance, domestic relations extension services, bureau, neighborhood information services, ur an are and comfort assistance to deprived children, of the aged. COncernedwith < educationai the provision of high Services to Particular > area residents of all focus on the educational needs or The demonstration program cannot consist of a variety of social, economic and Physical improvement activities carried out in isolation -• Each component must be comprehensive so thatprjj - —i one can provide reinforcement and support ,o those ^tsVT another. F inotSs:CtiVitiesin The "r i-d 1^^tS Model Neighborhood Area application (those who tremendous job on a strictly voluntary basis) contains tllesis; stated innovatio: e innovations, with appropriate challenges in paren- Prea C.OlnPonent and services the X'd«i' s a �iTo^Y A. B. Home ^g^I^ LEADING WSTITUTIONS PREpIrI^ H. E1ZSi,laiPlannillg is tobe done in an integrated manner. (IS THE CITY PLANNING COMMISSION PREPARED TO INTE­ GRATE THE AREA AS AN URBAN RENEWAL PROJECT? IS THE CITY PLANNING COMMISSION REALLY EQUIPPED TO WORK IN THE FIELD OF SOCIAL PLANNING?) I. Local residents are to be involved. (IS THE CITY'S MID­ DLE CLASS PREPARED TO ACCEPT THE POOR IN THIS AREA AS EQUALS IN PLANNING AND EXECUTION OF THE WHOLE PROGRAM?) J. Private enterprise is to be involved. (WILL THE BANK PRESIDENTS AND OWNERS OF BUSINESS ESTABLISH­ MENTS SIT DOWN WITH THE CLIENTS ON THE RELIEF ROLLS, OR WILL THEY VIEW THEIR COMMITTMENT AND INVOLVEMENT ONLY ON THE DECISION-MAKING LEV­ EL?) K. A new administrative unit must be established by the Mayor and Council. (WILL THE POLITICIANS MEDDLE? WILL THE NEW CITY MANAGER VIEW THE WHOLE PROGRAM AS AN ENCROACHMENT ON HIS OFFICE ? WILL THE POL­ ITICIANS (WHATEVER THAT MEANS) SEE THAT AS AN­ OTHER BOONDOGGLE TO BE TREATED AS A SOPHIS­ TICATED WPA?) r .rtate rehabilitation, $500 grants will be set up. (WlLL T aCnr REGARDED AS CHARITY, OR ALMS GIVING? iS Everyone ^ALLY prepared to replace a-work! ORIENTED" CULTURE?) C. D. Quantity purchases of labor and maternal will be made to introduce economy and new technology. (WILL THE CON­ TRACTORS ASSIST? WILL THE UNIONS OBSTRUCT?) A new corporation with neighborhood residents buying shares will effectuate rehabilitation. (WILL THE RESIDENTS COM­ MIT THEIR OWN MONEY, OR WILL THEY WILLINGLY JOIN AND HELP FORMULATE A "PARTICIPATORY DE­ MOCRACY"?) E. An insured income fund will be set up to ease the impact of improvement on the individual family. (WILL THE REAL­ TORS OPPOSE THIS AS THEY USUALLY OPPOSE RENT SUBSIDIES? IS EVERY CITY TAXPAYER, AS BURDENED AS HE MAY BE, PREPARED TO SEE POVERTY AS INCOME DEPRIVATION?) F. A multi-function community health and welfare facility will be located in the area. (WILL THE FEDERAL, STATE, VOLUNTARY UNITED FUND, OR THE CHURCH OPPOSE THIS? WHICH ONE OF THEM WILL OPPOSE? WILL THE WELFARE COLONIALISM OF THE SOCIAL WELFARE IN­ DUSTRY BE AN OBSTRUCTION? IS THE WELFARE COUN­ CIL PREPARED TO GIVE OF ITS OLD ROLE ASSOCIATED WITH VOLUNTARYISM, AND PREPARED TO RECAST IT­ SELF WITHIN THE CONCEPT OF "UNIFIED SERVICES''?) G. mmunity school building is to be constructed in the area provide for the educational, recreational, social, an FEEtanJ?' (WILL THE SCHOOL BOARD DRAG PREPARFnPLEADN° MONEY, OR IS THE SCHOOL BOAR compensat3° ASSUME AND formulate plans , f ATORY EDUCATION? WILL THE TEACHE OpEFnnXEE THEMSELVES AS THE SOLE REPOS- AS ONE PAr^TI°N’ ORWILL THEY SEE THEMSELVES FOR A BETTFR°rntN INTEGRATED WHOLE IN MAKING J? OK A BETTER COMMUNITY ON THE HEIGHTS?) For evaluation purposes, a research branch will be estab­ lished. (WILL THIS ALSO BE VIEWED AS A BOONDOGGLE AND A SINECURE FOR "EXPERTS" BY THE BURDENED TAXPAYER?) CONSE RVATION VS. POPULATION Conservation of specific natural assets should be weighed against the value of other uses of the space they occupy, in relation to a to be determined by the factors of population explosion and an increas­ ingly steep curve of technological advance. The "Save Sunfish Pond" campaign provides an example. The charming mountaintop pond ha. unique elements 5 m . .1. c.-po been earmarked as part ota nuge dictate preservation. But thes tructed. Power is not to be power project part of which has of conservation_ Passed off as of light importance as is th Recent black_ ists. Tomorrow's life will be based on g 100120 �disruption caused even now by lack of it. r ^UrnPed ou,. show the extreme be especially valuable to prevent such incidc lents jn storage power « neak power in peak periods, reducing need for '* C°Stly .^*1 on-PCCLJX r that they return ,duction facilities. stand-by proa, -i a ietport will reduce the charm of rural Hunter S”t ll” P-P"1’*1”1' New York dicta« County, somewhere, and it would have many benefxts for the ® that it must go Overhead power lines lessen the charm of the countryside b ----------------------Power plants another danger: air pollution. faze a major factor in such pollution, should be located far out. in cities are a i ’tended underground transmission would sharply increase the cost It is cont-*------of power. However, in planning for the future, possibilities such as nuclear production of power which wouldn't pollute the air and transmission of power through the air instead of wires are to be considered. These might not affect the Sunfish Pond issue because no matter how produced, need may exist for storing power. Such possibilities should be considered, but realistically, in light of the best technical information available, not merely thrown out to advance a cause. A sort of redevelopment process is involved to rearrange the world to meet the needs of a radically changed future. It differs from urban redevelopment in that not often is actual blight involved. On the contrarythe places to be given over to new uses often have great charm; places like SunfishPond and the valleys the Tocks Island and Beltzville reservoirs will inundate. Some r such places must be saved. Which are to be saved, however, should depend1 on close calculation of the value of alternate uses. thoughts for today a girdle is like getting alon S a wishbone. It's no good if it doesn't snap. t ergood old days when you never knew a family wasn t0Sether until the will was read? PUBLICATION This News-letf originated in the J?’ ?ublished monthly as a community s ervice’ and inquiries mav b? °f Regmnal Affairs of Wilkes College- Notes glonal AffairS) WilkL .1?Sed tO Dr‘ Hugo V. Mailey, Institute of Re' 0 ege, Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania. 4,^ �I m' �� Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Luzerne County Newsletters and Institute for Regional Affair Newsletters, 1952-1975 Subject The topic of the resource Political Science; Luzerne County; Institute for Regional Affairs; Wyoming Valley Description An account of the resource A collection of newsletters created by the Political Science Department at Wilkes College from 1952-1975 for Luzerne County and later the Institute for Regional Affairs. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Political Science Department (Hugo Mailey) Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1952-1975 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource PDF Type The nature or genre of the resource Newsletters Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Luzerne County Newsletter, 1967 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Political Science Department Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1967 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource PDF Type The nature or genre of the resource Newsletter