34 15 4132 https://omeka.wilkes.edu/omeka/files/original/db8d81c2b53ff5cb31488a24860f116d.jpg 46558522e6c324d0dac2a04a2688650a Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Digital exhibits for the Dollhouse Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Antique Shop in Mrs. Fisher's Dollhouse Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Wilkes University Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource ca. 1940s-1960s Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource JPEG Type The nature or genre of the resource Photograph https://omeka.wilkes.edu/omeka/files/original/1fa9a405ab8ca11f4b2e68e352a9264f.jpg b2c2be57c3890b54e378931eece3d0aa Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Digital exhibits for the Dollhouse Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Photograph of all rooms within Mrs. Mignonette Fisher's dollhouse at the Eugene S. Farley library, taken August 2022 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Wilkes University Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource August 2022 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource JPEG Type The nature or genre of the resource Photograph https://omeka.wilkes.edu/omeka/files/original/8f2b2d199cd21f0ed89d7a86cb7fe4d1.jpg 7560a6addb95dddd32cee6b097a58d7e Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Digital exhibits for the Dollhouse Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource A Photo of Dale Buelher, Eugene S. Farley Library Director, who accepted the donation of the dollhouse in 1977 with the fully display of the ten rooms, Subject The topic of the resource Dollhouse; Farley Library Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Wilkes College Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1977 October Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource JPEG Type The nature or genre of the resource Photograph https://omeka.wilkes.edu/omeka/files/original/b190b6e2a384d6e3d193f732435b2303.pdf acf15648a22ce3a0059b5ede7a379dd6 PDF Text Text ROSE O'NEILL The 50th Anniversary Celebration Exhibition �The ONE 0 S ~--1111111111.. Celebrating the Life And Legacy of ROSE O'NEILL The 50th Anniversary Celebration Exhibition Curated by Heather Sincavage, M.F.A. Major sponsorship made by Andrew J. Sordoni, Ill and the Sordoni Foundation 5 GOLDEN ANNIVERSARY SORDONI ART GALLERY �t Published by Sordoni Art Gallery Wilkes University, Wilkes-Barre, PA www.wilkes.edu/ sordoniartgallery IBSN # 979-8-9881985-0-5 Designer: Jess Morandi Copy Editor: Vicki Mayk Photography: Melissa Carestia Photo Editing: Sam Meehan Research Intern: Brynn Stahl ©2023 Sordoni Art Gallery All rights reserved . No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical without permission in writing from the publisher. Cover Image: detail from The Kewps now vie in antics various to make the Fairy Queen hilarious., Illustration for The Kewpies and their Fairy Cousin by Rose O'Neill, Good Housekeeping, July 1916, p. 89 . University Nolliliscriminotion Statement Wilkes University does not discriminate on the basis of race, color, notional or ethnic origin, age, religion, disability, pregnancy, gender, gender identity and/or expression, sexual orientation, marital or family status, military or veteran status, genetic information or other protected status in its programs and activities. The following person hos been designated to handle inquiries regarding the Universitys; non-discrimination policies: Elizabeth Leo, Esq., Titte IX coordinator, who con be reached at 570-408-7788 or elizobeth. leo@wilkes.edu. Or contact the secretory of education, Office of Civil Rights, at l-800-421-3481 or OCR@ed.gov �I, I, Table of CONTENTS Foreword - Greg Cant, Ph.D, President, Wilkes University Acknowledgments - Heather Sincavage, M.F.A., Sordoni Art Gallery Director About Rose O'Neill Essays "Whether We Are Rich or Poor, We Can Love Each Other the Same:" The O'Neills in Wilkes-Barre by Diane Wenger, Ph.D. , ' !'. /, ftrt 1 3 5 7 Reenvisioning Rose O'Neill's Comic Feminist Debut Novel, The Loves of Edwy by Jenny Shank 11 The Tangle: Rose O'Neill And The Missouri Ozarks by Sarah Buhr, Curator, Springfield Art Museum 17 Re-examining Embrace of the Tree: Rose O'Neill's Art as Advocacy for Women by Heather Sincavage, M.F.A. 25 The Artwork of Rose O'Neill Puck Magazine and Other Illustrations The Loves of Edwy 35 37 93 The Kewpies and Kewpiemania 105 Mythology and the Sweet Monsters 141 Exhibition Checklist Lenders to the Exhibition Contributor Bios About the Sordoni Art Gallery 161 169 170 171 �Foreword GREG CANT, PH.D PRESIDENT, WILKES UNIVERSITY �Wilkes University has been the proud home of the Sordoni Art Gallery since it first opened its doors 50 years ago. Since then, thousands of guests have admired outstanding exhibitions that showcase art in its many forms. From its opening show in 1973, which featured the paintings of Wilkes-Barre, born George Catlin, to more recent collections including works by Andy Warhol, Pete Souza, and orman Rockwell, the Sordoni Art Gallery always inspires. The Sordoni has always been more than just an art gallery to Wilkes University. A non-traditional classroom, the Sordoni Art Gallery encourages students to ask questions, test boundaries and think critically about the world around them. For some Wilkes students - many of whom are the first in their families to attend a four-year college - the Sordoni Art Gallery offers the completely new experience of being immersed in the visual arts. This is a life-changing moment for these students, and we take great pride in having such a valuable resource on our campus. The Sordoni Art Gallery sits at the cross section of campus and community and adds to the vibrancy of our downtown Wilkes-Barre community. This connection has always been an important part of the Sordoni's mission and we are proud to continue - and expand - our presence in the region. For all of these reasons, we remain grateful to Andrew J. Sordoni, III and the Sordoni family for their unwavering support of the gallery and Wilkes University. We believe that this show The One Rose: Celebrating the Life and Legacy of Rose O'Neill (another Wilkes-Barre native) is a wonderful way to celebrate the Gallery's first 50 years and we look forward to celebrating many more decades of exceptional and inspiring exhibitions at the Sordoni Art Gallery with you. �Acknowledgments Heather Sincavage, M.F.A EXHIBITION CURATOR Celebrating the Sordoni Art Gallery's golden anniversary warranted an exhibition worthy of such a landmark. In the spirit of our first exhibition centered on Wilkes-Barre native, George Catlin, we opted to honor another Wilkes-Barre native, Rose O'Neill, born here in 1874. Known as the "mother of Kewpies," Rose O'Neill was so much more - artist and illustrator, writer and poet, philanthropist, entrepreneur, and suffragist. Although born here in the Diamond City, O' eill spent much of her life in the central United States. She owned property in Connecticut, New York City, Capri, and her beloved homestead, Bonniebrook, in the Missouri Ozarks. She made her mark on the world and arguably, history. Before Mickey Mouse, there were the Kewpies. To the many I worked with to realize the exhibition, she is their "one Rose." Remembering Rose would not be possible without the tireless efforts of so many people dedicated to her legacy. For me, it has been a joy and pleasure to get to know these people throughout the project and I owe them a tremendous debt of gratitude for assisting with the exhibition. Thank you to the several institutions and collectors who loaned artwork for The One Rose: Celebrating the Life and Legacy ofRose O'Neill. They are Sarah Buhr and Kyle Climore at the Springfield Art Museum, Susan Scott and Gayle Green at Bonniebrook Historical Society, Museum and Homestead, Susan Wilson, Susan Strauss at the International Rose O' eill Club Foundation, Emily Zeman at the Andrew County Museum, Noreen Tillotson at the LeRoy Historical Society / Jell-O Museum, Annette Sain at the Ralph Foster Museum at the College of the Ozarks, Amanda Burdan and Sara Beuhler at the Brandywine Museum, Stephanie Plunkett and Laurie Norton Moffatt at the Norman Rockwell Museum, Meg Thomas at the Delaware Art Museum, Wendy Pflug at the Billy Ireland Cartoon Library at Ohio State University, Skye Lacerte at the Washington University at St. Louis Library and Collections, and Elizabeth Marecki Alberding at the Kelly Collection of American Illustration. The Sordoni Art Gallery is dedicated to academic excellence and this exhibition provided us the opportunity to further the scholarship and study of Rose O'Neill. I was privileged to spend time at the State Historical Society of Missouri and the Missouri State University Archives to read O'Neill's papers. Thank you to Hayley Frizzle-Green at SHSMO and Tracey Gieselman-France at MSUA. In addition, the Luzerne County Historical Society was a wonderful resource for both me and my colleagues who contributed essays to the catalog. Thank you Amanda Fontenova for your assistance. �I also want to thank my colleagues who also contributed essays to the catalog. Rose O'Neill made vast contributions to our culture and I was honored to have such meaningful scholarship as part of our publication. Thank you Dr. Diane Wenger, professor emeritus of history at Wilkes University, and Jenny Shank, award-winning author. This is also another opportunity to thank Sarah Buhr, curator of art at the Springfield Art Museum. Celebrations such as this are not possible without the support and guidance of many. Thank you to the Sordoni Art Gallery Advisory Commission for their dedication and in particular, Ken Marquis for his continued support and advice. I also want to thank my colleagues on campus: Melissa Carestia, assistant director of the Sordoni Art Gallery, Dr. Paul Riggs, dean of the College of Arts & Sciences, Kevin Boyle, vice president of Advancement, and of course, Dr. Greg Cant, president of Wilkes University. One thing I always say is that we in higher education are in the business of ensuring our students' success. I couldn't be more proud to have a former Sordoni Gallery design fellowship alumnus contribute her talents to the project. Thank you,Jessica Morandi, for your ongoing enthusiasm for the gallery. She sets a fine example for what students can achieve. I also want to thank the current student gallery staff, in particular, this year's design fellow, Dylan Kofie. Finally, none of this would have been possible without the support, encouragement, and interest of Andrew Sordoni. Thank you for providing the opportunity to do such important work here at the gallery. In addition, I would also like to thank the Sordoni Foundation for its support of the curatorial project. Rose O' eill can be quoted as saying, "I have a thrilling hope that women are going to do something glorious in the arts. It is my passionate conviction." As women artists have struggled to be recognized throughout art history, I am honored that as part of our golden anniversary, we are able to celebrate what "glorious contributions" Rose O' eill has made for our culture. �About ROSE O'NEILL American illustrator of the early twentieth century, was a woman of many accomplishments. She was the :first woman illustrator for Puck magazine, the leading men's magazine of the late-19th century, entertaining its readers with considerable satire and political commentary; creator of the Kewpie Doll, the subject of a major merchandising campaign, which made her fortune; activist for women's suffrage; and accomplished artist and sculptor featured in exhibitions in Paris (1921) and New York (1922). Rose O'Neill, Rose O'Neill was born in the Diamond City, Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania, on June 25, 1874. She was the daughter of a Civil War veteran, bookseller, and businessman William Patrick O'Neill and schoolteacher Alice Asenath Cecilia Smith O'Neill, otherwise known as "Meemie." Inspired by Thoreau's newly published "Walden," they were an unconventional family who left Wilkes-Barre for a homestead in Nebraska. Her father determined that Rose would be educated in the arts and had aspirations for her to be an actress or opera singer. Instead, Rose entered and won a drawing contest in the Omaha Herald at the age of 13, marking a future in art. �I I r work a an artist established O'Neill a one of the wealthiest women of her era. In fact, by 1914, she was the highest paid woman illustrator in the United States and th fir t artist to ever build a merchandising mpire through her work, earning 1.6 million dollar at the height of her popularity; over 36 million dollars by today's standards. The Kewpies, a cartoon first printed in Ladies Home journal in 1909, featured the cherub-faced er ation and their antics. The Kewpies went on to promote commercial products such as olgate, Sears, Kellogg's Corn Flakes, and Jcll-0. Her commercial success provided her with the resources to own four properties: an apartment in Washington Square in New York City, an estate, Carabas Castle, in We tport, Connecticut, a villa in Capri, and her beloved Bonniebrook in the Ozark Mountains of Missouri. The Kewpies challenged the conventions of g nder while encouraging people to "do good cl d in a funny way;" however, the characters did take on social cause . In support of women' suffrage, the Kewpies donned aprons to advocate for public support of women's right to vote on posters for the National American Women's Suffrage Association. O' eill was no stranger to activism. Her first job as an illustrator was for Puck magazine, a publication infamous for political satire. Her work challenged attitudes towards ethnic stereotypes, dass discrimination, and race during the height ofJim Crow. The Lady in the White Veil (1909), Carda (1929), and The Goblin Woman (1930). Her book of poetry, The Master-Mistress, was published in 1922. She also wrote her autobiography which was published posthumously in 1997 and reissued in 2022. In addition to writing, she would also illustrate her books and those of her second husband, Harry Leon·Wilson. In contrast, her "Sweet Monsters," developed in private alongside the Kewpies, were contemplative and emotional figures exploring mythology and the subconscious. These drawings were a passion project rumored to be under her mainstream drawings on her drawing board. The monsters were the subject of her gallery and museum exhibitions, Galerie Devambez (1921), Paris and Wildenstein Gallery (1922), ew York, where she became equally respected by curators as she was with editors in the commercial world. Indeed, O' eill experienced tremendous financial success early in her career. She was known to spread her wealth and support the creativity of others. She surrounded herself with creatives such as Witter Brynner, Kahlil Gibran, Charlotte Perkins Gilman, Martha Graham, and many more. Her long-running support of family and friends in addition to the economic downturn of the 1930s led to financial strain. ear the end of her life, O' eill pursued several projects to regain her commercial success. O'Neill passed away in her nephew's home in Springfield, Missouri, in 1944 and is buried alongside members of her family at her Bonniebrook estate. O'Neill was not only an accomplished artist but also a published author and poet. Throughout her lifetime, she wrote four gothic novels: The Loves of Edwy (1904), Rose O'Neill in her Bonniebrook studio, n.d. Courtesy of Bonniebrook Historical Society, Museum, & Homestead �t "Whether We Are Rich Or Poor, We Can Love Each Other The Same:" THE O'NEILLS IN WILKES-BARRE BY DIANE WENGER, PH.D. July 9, 1872, Wilkes-Barre was crowded as some 40,000 residents and visitors celebrated the 96th anniversary of U.S. independence and the 100th birthday of the city's founding. A highlight of the day was an enormous parade featuring bands, fire departments, military units, and over one hundred horse-drawn wagons representing local business and industry. Rose O' eill's father, William Patrick O'Neill,was in that procession. His real estate buggy was "decorated with appropriate banners" and, according to an observer, "the only agency of its kind which had the good sense to show its colors." 1 The comment surely pleased O 'Neill, but he also had other reasons to feel happy. Just a few weeks earlier, on June 20, he and his wife had welcomed their first child, [John] Hugh. 0n �Indeed, O'Neill's prospects seemed bright. The previous April, after a five-year courtship, he had married Alice Cecelie Asenath "Sena" Smith of Fairmount, Luzerne County, Pennsylvania. 2 The couple traveled to Philadelphia for the wedding and stayed in a suite at the Continental Hotel before settling down in their new home on Meade Street in Wilkes-Barre, about 10 blocks south of Main Street. 3 "Emerald Cottage" was a country gothic bungalow with gingerbread trim, surrounded by fruit trees and a garden. Inspired by a recent trip to Europe, O'Neill hired an Italian artisan to decorate the ceiling of its octagonal parlor with a fresco of cupids and wreaths; the local paper described the property as "that romantic eyrie on Brewery Hill." 4 Rose's father was a native of Overton, Pennsylvania. After he was discharged from the military in 1864, he relocated to Wilkes-Barre, where his brother Daniel was a well-respected attorney. 5 By 1870 he was operating a real estate firm, and also an auction, emigration and exchange business on North Main Street. In 1873, he briefly went into partnership with auctioneer W. E. (William) Whyte. The auction house handled a variety of goods including art, books, household furnishings, and, once, a large collection of sea shells. 6 In April 1874, O'Neill adverti ed he had relocated (no mention of Whyte) to Public Square in the center of the city. 7 OnJune 25, 1874, the O'Neills' second child, Cecelia Rose, was born. If O'Neill's star seemed to be ascending, Wilkes-Barre's clearly was on the rise. It achieved city status in May 1871, and its first police force formed in 1872. 8 Population in 1870 was 10,174, making it the eleventh largest city in Pennsylvania. That figure had doubled since 1860; it would double again by 1880. 9 The primary reason for such dramatic growth was an influx of immigrants attracted by the burgeoning mining industry. By 1875, Wyoming Valley coal made up half of Pennsylvania's anthracite production, and the resultant prosperity gave Wilkes-Barre the nickname "Diamond City. "10 The importance of mining was evident in the centennial parade, which included wagonloads of miners and breaker boys (both groups were given the day off) and a "giant lump of coal" weighing several tons. As the coal industry expanded, so did transportation. Canal and rail lines, carrying both coal and passengers, passed directly through Wilkes-Barre, but trains soon made the mule-drawn canal boats obsolete. For local travel, there were horse-drawn street cars. Had the O'Neills wanted to take the children on a river excursion, they could have bought tickets for the steamboat Hendrick B. Wright, which, starting in late 1874, plied the Susquehanna between Wilkes-Barre, Plymouth and Nanticoke. 11 Emerald Cottage, Courtesy of David O'Neill 1 Luzerne Union.July 10, 1872. Sena' birthplace, Fairmount, is listed on her death certificate. The O'Neill children called their mother "Meemie," but she signed her correspondence with William as "Sena." ~William lo ena, Apr.13, 1871. O'Neill papers, State Historical Society of Missouri, Folder 1. https: / / digital.shsmo.org/ digitaJ/collection/ pl7228co1140/ id/ 39~/ rec/ l 1 Miriam Forman-Brunell, The Story of Rose O'Neill: an Autobiography (Columbia: University of Missouri, 1997) 33, 34. Wilkes-Barre Daily,June 24, 1872. Rowena Godding Ruggles states the cottage was dedicated July 4, 1871 to "Friendship, Truth and Liberty," but does ~ot cite her source f?r this information. Ruggl~s, One _Rose (Albany: CA,_ 1964, ~972) 7. 'i (]emenl F. Ileverly, History of Overton, 1810-1910 (Towanda, PA: Bradford Star Prmt, 1910) https: / / s1tes.rootsweb.com/ -pasulhv / Sull1vanCountyH1stoncalSoc1ety/ OVERTON.htm .. Ii Boyd's 1871 Wilkes-Barre City Directory lists O'Neill's office at 108 N. Main St.; Boyd's 1873 Directory shows Whyte & O'Neill at 105 N. Main St. Some sources claim O'Neill also had a book store, but there is no mention of that in newspaper ads or city directories. On the auctions, see Times Leader Nov. 13, 1873, May 14, 1874 and Jan. 4, 1875. 7 Times Leade1~April 2, 1874. 8 Elena Castrignano, Ima1;es of America: Wilkes-Barre (Charleston: Arcadia, 2012) 121, 122. " "Population of Principal Cities and Boroughs from Earliest Census to 1930," https:/ / www2.census.gov/ prod2/ decenniaJ/documents/ 03815512vlch09.pdf 10 "I Ii tory of Wilkes-Barre," https:/ / www. wilkes-barre.city / about-wilkes-barre-pa/ pages/ history-wilkes-barre 11 Times Leader, Nov. 28, 1874. ~ �Another city attraction was the four-story Music Hall, WilkesBarre's "first genuine theater," erected in 1871 at West Market and North River streets. 12 The Hall hosted serious entertainment such as the Holman English Opera Company and lectures by luminaries including Henry Ward Beecher and Mark Twain; on the lighter side were burlesque and minstrel shows and novelties such as Madame Zoe, "champion of the broad-sword" and Kate Smith and her horse "Wonder." 13 As a bachelor, William attended performances at the hall and it is quite likely he took Sena there after their marriage. 14 7! ~~- ~~ ~# ~~&---J ~&:;.,,I- ~~ ~ -~ - r:/ - , / .:--- a...-......~ t:,._/ / ~ ' ;-,.,_.. ~ . ,if__, r',e__.,___-eA..,_) /Z,,,~ ~ - - ) ~ ~ £.uc-r§z ~L:.L Ji.-£/ ~-e{_,, In 1875 the O' eills encountered financial problems. In March that year, Pat Sheahan, a New York emigration and foreign exchange agent, ran a series of ads advising the public against purchasing any of his drafts or tickets from William O'Neill. O'Neill responded that he had to cover Sheahan's drafts because British banks deemed them worthless. 15 As their situation worsened, Sena told William it made no difference whether they were rich or poor: "We can love each other the same. "16 A bitter blow came in September when Emerald Cottage, along with O' eill's land in Plains Township, was "seized and taken in execution at the suit of William Hoover,Jr." 17 In November, W. E. Whyte (W. H. 's son) sued to have the business partnership officially dissolved. 18 ., -7~ /r X_!'!'--,.;._, ~~ -,_,,._~.:✓.- <_(_ a::-.,.~-•h ~.r:--J /< ✓ /4.,-~-, o--.~ ~~.ru- d~ /....,6=~c(._ / ~ • J//->-~ ,,~~ A.1fa~--- t : . ~ - - ~ ,/ ~ / ~--""- A/- > .......... . .. . . . 0-../ £.-. ~ ~di-<>/-&: ~ ~ ,_·-r a-..r~ / ~ ,,.t_R-p----L ~ ~ ;;:::::, ~ ... ~ ~<r- / ~, cL-:;.7- r ~ -fer--~ ~-1---- ~ <tr--.J.l~l:,J~ 4.r-, '}-,,~ ~ ~ ;r,::;---- ~~ca, 6~ . , ~ .£ ~ -£--~,u___ - ~~ ~~ ~ ~ ;;R~ t i: ~----~~ I ' ~ ~f~ - ~ ~ _.,.~ . . .¢:-J~F--r~·-<,AL ~~c-.• ~ -~ ~ .....,_...__.,_ - [Letter from William P. O'Neill to Sena O'Neill, 187 6] Rose O'Neill Papers (SPOO26); The State Historical Society of Missouri Research Center-Springfield By May 1876, William was no longer in business in WilkesBarre. Rather, he was working in Philadelphia as a Centennial Exposition guard; periodically he sent money home and promised to "support [his] little family." 19 In spite of the property lien, Sena stayed on in Emerald Cottage. Between caring for Hugh and Rose, whom both parents clearly adored, she sewed and worked in her garden. She and William wrote frequently; their letters provide insight into their precarious finances. The letters also afford a rare glimpse of Rose, whom they called "Little Sister," at the tender age of 2: singing "Papa's Coming Home"; recovering from measles with a lingering cough; marching up the sidewalk on her own to visit a neighbor; climbing on her mother's lap and saying "rock it," referring to herself. 20 At the same time, Sena economized. She sold off books, pictures, the organ and sewing machine. She gave music lessons and studied for the exam that would qualify her to teach school (and thus add to the family income); she considered discharging the hired girl to save expenses. 21 Edward F. Ilanlon and Paul J. Zbiek, The Wyoming Valley: An American Portrait (Sun Valley, CA: American Historical Press, 2003) 73. Luzerne Union, Sept. 27, 1871 Times l eader, Apr. 8, 1875, Dec. 29, 1875, May 17, 1876, Dec. 1, 1876 14 Sena to William Feb. 23, 1871. 15 Times Leader~ Mar. 20, 1875. 16 ena to William, Aug.18, 1875. 17 Luzerne Union, Sept. 8, 1875. 18 Titnes Leader, Nov. 30, 1875. 19 William to Sena.July 1876. 20 Sena to William, May 18,June 5,Jun c 18, 1876; Rose recalled that a younger brother also called himself "it." Forman-Brunell, 31. 21 William to Sena,July 1876; Sena to William.July 13, 1876. 12 13 �The precise reason for William's failure is unclear, but, by 1877, a Ro e put it, "Papa had spent all his money. "22 The Panic of 1873 ruined many businesses and caused widespread unemployment, and he had spent lavishly on Emerald Cottage. \ for his business dealings, he pleaded, "I have been indiscreet but never dishonest. I have often been the victim of deceit or bad judgement but never willfully wronged any man .. .l do not fear the future even in poverty." 23 , In June 1877, Sena and the children, then 5 and 3, moved into a rented room; she paid her landlady, Mrs. Higgins, with her velvet carp t. ext, they moved to Fairmont, while William headed west for what he called his "new venture. "24 That summer, the n xt chapter of Rose's life began as they followed William-first to ebraska and then Missouri-to make a new start. On the way, daughter Mary Ilena (Lee), was born, August 28, 1877, in Iowa. 25 De pite O'Neill's financial embarrassment, local newspapers treated him uncritically. In September 1877, the Luzerne Union report d that he was in O'Neill City, Nebraska, to exhibit "his c ntennial show." 26 On July 16, 1882, the Sunday News advertised the ale of Emerald Cottage. The notice alluded to O'Neill's altered situation: "In the good times (emphasis added) Wm. P. O'Neill bought a large lot on Meade Street, some one hundred and eighty-five feet wide, and built an elegant cottage, which he named 'Emerald Cottage.' He made of it a fair bowerie [sic]." adly, nothing is left of the O'Neill home. On March 12, 1888, the 7imes Leaderreported that "Emerald Cottage on Meade Street, near Market, built by William P. O'Neill, is going to make room for a n w church. The Welsh Baptist people of Sheridan Street are about to build a larger and more commodious edifice where the cottage now stands." It i impossible to know how Rose's early years in Wilkes-Barre haped her life. We do know that she never forgot Emerald Cottage; she recalled fondly its "charm, fine trees, a lawn and plenty of roses." 27 lt is tempting to imagine that pleasant memories of her childhood home sparked her life-long affection for another bucolic locale far away in the rural Ozarks. [Stereograph of East Side of Public Square, c. 1860] Photograph Collection of the Luzerne County Historical Society. L92. 2.3 85 lonnan-Brunell, 33. William to ena, luly 20, 1876. ' rna to William,May 31, 1876; William to Sena, Sept. 17, 1876; Sena to William.June 4, 1877. ' Iorman-Brunnel, 33. l.11:erne Union, ept. 12, 1877. O'Neill City was founded by Gen. John O'Neill, who traveled through Pennsylvania coal towns recruiting miners to live in his new town. His relation to William is unknown.http: / / www.holtindependent.com/ pages/ Sculpture-Dedicated-To-Memory-of-General-0Neill-a27008.html 'fl I onnan-Brunnel, 33. �Reenvisioning Rose O'Neill's Comic Feminist Debut Novel, THE LOVES OF EDWY BY JENNY SHANK �the truth, and then, entirely knowing it, I want to see the fun in it," Jane Ross-Connaught tells the narrator, Georgie, in Rose O'Neill's 1904 novel, The Loves ofEdwy, in a moment of candor when she explains to him her animating force. "I wanted to ee," he continues. "I abhorred being blind and selfishly living in illusions, like- others. But when I saw, I was not content; I wanted to make the others see, too. Their eyelessness irks me" (O' eill, Edwy 160). career, but "autobiographical" implies a close plot resemblance to the author's life, and key elements of the plot of The Loves of Edwy roam far from documented details of O'Neill's life. Another problem with the term "autobiographical" is that this is often how novels by women are labeled and understood- as emanating from personal experience rather than imagination and artistic choice. Perhaps The Loves of Edwy is better described as a feminist novel that offers a study in the possible life paths and ways of being in the world available to an American woman at the beginning of the twentieth century. In The Loves ofEdwy,Jane evolves from a verse-scribbling sevenyear-old into an independent woman and professional writer, and her mission of portraying the truth with humor could de cribe O' eill's own. Almost eighty years after Rose O'Neill's death, he is best remembered as a pioneering artist and illu trator, although her literary output was also considerablehe wrote and illustrated four novels and a collection of poetry, a well a several books featuring her most famous creation, the Kewpie. While O' eill's stature has risen in recent years as a trailblazing female cartoonist, a convention-flouting feminist and uffragist, and as the creator of one of the most soughtafter doll among collectors, it appears her books are little read today- or if they are, readers keep their thoughts about the books to them elves. O' eill's first novel, The Loves ofEdwy, is often mentioned in passing in roundups of her accomplishments, where it i almo t always described as "autobiographical." But is this adjective accurate? As The Loves of Edwy opens, its protagonist Aspasia Jane RossConnaught is a 7-year-old growing up in a "mountain town in Pennsylvania" (23), and the narrator, Georgie, most frequently referred to by Jane's nickname for him, Juggs, is a few years older. Juggs is the son of a wealthy man whose business keeps him in New York, while Juggs' mother lives in Europe. While his "father's man" nominally looks after him, instead he becomes "almost a sixth child in the house of Connaught" (25). In many ways this setup echoes the plot of Little Women, a novel popular during O'Neill's childhood, in which the wealthy and parentless boy Laurie becomes a fixture in the impoverished but lively home of the March family next door. Juggs soon begins to feel "that [he] preferred to throw things at [Jane] than at any other little girl" (28) and his lifelong devotion to her begins.Juggs' cousin Edwy becomes equally enamored ofJane, though while the otherwise reserved Edwy speaks openly of his feelings for Jane,Juggs keeps his own hidden. Juggs is sent away for schooling for several stretches of years, but the events of the narrative only continue when he is inJane's presence, chronicling his unexpressed devotion for Jane, which her hints suggest is matched by her own. "I want It' true that several key details of the novel clearly seem inspired by people and incidents in O'Neill's own life, particularly her childhood poverty, her singular father, and her early acting �First Person Peripheral: A NARRATIVE APPROACH MOST OFTEN RESERVED FOR MEN The first unusual choice that O'Neill makes with crafting The Loves ofEdwy is her selection of point of view. The novel is narrated in the first-person perspective of a man,Juggs. Female novelists of this era and before it rarely wrote in the first-person from a man's perspective. An omniscient point of view that included access to the thoughts and feelings of both male and female characters wa a more typical tactic, favored by novelists including Jane Austen, George Eliot, and Louisa May Alcott. O'Neill, however, selected a narrative style that is even more unusual for a female novelist than the first-person central: the first-person peripheral. In this approach, the main character of the novel does not narrate the book, rather, the narrator is someone who is obsessed with the subject or at least keenly interested in them. The most famous example of this type of narration appears in a book published about two decades after The Loves of Edwy, _F. Scott Fitzgerald's The Great Gatsby, in which Nick Carraway details the exploits of his fascinating neighbor. Notably, though, that's a story narrated by a man about another man whom he considers to be "great." Man-on-man narration is the most frequent use of the first-person peripheral, from Robert Penn Warren's. All the King's Men to John Irving's A Prayer for Owen Meany. Occas1onally, especially in recent years, authors have used the _first-pers?n peripheral in books in which a female narrator descr~b:s the _hfe of another female main character, for example, My Brzllzant Friend by Elena Ferrante. O'Neill's extremely unusual choice is to employ a male narrator for the story of a female protagonist, an approach whose most salient example, Willa Cather's My Antonia, was not published until 1918. Was O' eill's choice of point of view for The Loves ofEdwy a deliberate flouting of gender conventions, or, as someone who was accustomed to living so free from gender role restrictions in other aspects of her life, did it just not occur to her that it was unusual for a man to narrate a story that was primarily concerned with the activities and decisions of a woman? In any case,Jane is the star of the book, the character whose actions and choices influence all the other characters, while Juggs, for much of the novel, remains the indolent-if handsome and witty-son of a wealthy man who hangs around observing her. For much of the first part of the book,Juggs only narrates events whenJane is present.Juggs quickly summarizes the years he's apart from Jane while he attends high school. When he returns, he finds her spending more time practicing "the dramatic art" than writing poetry. "She confided to me, though, that she had not out and out abandoned literature, but would content herself with being a great actress who brought forth a book of astonishing poems every year or so. She said her father had assured her that these two, along with music and painting, were 'sister arts,' harmonizing with, and the complements of, each other; all alike being the gifts of the All-ruling Mind to man, to serve as a medium of expression for the pent-up emotions of the human heart" (77). This sentiment about "sister arts" echoes the views of O'Neill's father, as expressed in her posthumously published autobiography. As The Loves of Edwy unfolds,Juggs and Jane both suffer from pent-up emotions, as they busy themselves with writing and drawing, but neither can bring themselves to plainly express how they feel about each other, with tragic results. The narrative again skips rapidly ahead whenJuggs parts from Jane to attend Yale for three years, after which he drops out without graduating and travels to Paris to idle with his mother. His father summons him to New York to enter the family business, a period which he summarizes in one sentence as, "I tried and failed; yawned, sulked, and made pictures in the ledgers; contrived pranks on fellow clerks, played at imitating my father's signature, loafed, and made myself disgusting" (122). After this quick digest of pivotal events in Juggs' life, the narrative pace slows again onceJuggs is back in Pennsylvania inJane's presence. He perceives that her family is suffering financial difficulty, and he hatches a scheme to sell his artwork to a magazine named Wit, and give the money to the Connaughts by purchasing the books Jane's father sells through a third party, obscuring his own role. Juggs lavishes much more time in his narration on every stray glance or encouraging word Jane gives him than on the events that shape his own life. Even the defining episode of his life and the climax of the novel-whenJuggs goes to prison for five years for forging his father's check-is glossed over in the space of a few pages. The book is written from the perspective of a man, but it's the woman whose life is central to it. WhileJuggs lazes about,Jane keeps active, studying Latin, memorizing Shakespeare, performing in plays, writing poetry, and scraping together an education despite her father's inability to pay school fees. Like O' eill, after acting in plays during her early years under ~he encouragement of her father,Jane renounces the theater. Unlike O'Neill,Jane aspires to become a writer, while Juggs becomes an artist. �11 You are more like a Visiting Child than the Mistress here, Lady Jane" 1904, Pen and ink on paper, Springfield Art Museum "Make her Commonplace": MARRIAGE MAKES AWOMAN COMMON Late in the novel, after Edwy has repeatedly proposed to Jane and been rebuffed, while Juggs continues waffling about declaring his love for Jane, Juggs confides his feelings to an older friend named Octavia, who insi ts that he propose to Jane. By now Jane is an ind pendent woman earning a living as a writer in New York, with a lively social life, throwing artsy salons like the ones O'Neill ho ted. Jane has made herself into an exceptional woman. Still, Octavia advises Juggs, "Make her commonplace, make her happy," by proposing to her (355). Throughout The Loves of Edwy, O'Neill depicts female characters who are "commonplace"-those who follow prevailing gender role . Jane's mother is sweet and cheerfully long-suffering; by the nd of the book, after giving birth to nine children, five of whom die, he loses her mind, "thenceforth resting in a dimly smiling oblivion in which she forever nursed an imaginary baby" (320). ailed "the little mother," she is the only character in the book who isn't given a name. While high-spiritedJane is always joking and thinking about art,Jane' younger sister, Cornelia, is practical, ladylike, and a bit of a pill. O'Neill writes, "Cornelia, who was ten and the housekeeper, now came in with a broom, dustpan, and an air of great severity, to put things to rights." When, as an adolescent, Jugg realizes that Edwy loves Jane too, he tries to instead interest him in Cornelia, but neither will have her.Jane dresses like a ragamuffin, and comports herself as she pleases, but Cornelia " elected for her playmates only little girls of white aprons and unmistakable gentility; and those who whistled, wore gingham, and threw their dresses over their heads when it rained, were no better than riff-raff" (45). Cornelia is named after her aunt, who comes to stay with the Ross-Connaughts when it's clear that her i ter need help, and Aunt Cornelia and Jane clash, largely over Jan 's violation of typical expectations for girls. Aunt Cornelia "preferred the little housekeeper, her namesake," O'Neill writes, "and often told her that she hoped she would never, never be like A pa iaJane" (89). Whit Jane spends her time studying, creating, working, romping outdoors, thinking, and being active, the women inJuggs' family are empty-headed coquettes, living in a way that seems parasitic. Juggs's mother and aunt cannot stand to live with his father, so they amuse themselves in Paris, living on their "allowance," buying fancy clothes and frequently beggingJuggs' father for more money. Juggs' sister Nina has been trained at a convent "not to cross her knees, not to recline in her chair," and "not to fail in the lowering of her heavy, white eyelids under a masculine regard" (207). However, when Nina is still a teenager, she elopes with a handsome young man who has no knack for earning a living. It's to support this silly, penniless couple that Juggs eventually forges a check and goes to jail. Even after Juggs' sacrifice, his sister's marriage continues on its luckless path, with Nina repeatedly bearing children, though "none of the babies had outlived a day" (333). Given this portrait of the drudgery of women's roles as child bearers, housekeepers, dependents, mourners, and scolds, it's little wonder that Jane chooses to model her life after none of them. Even though it's suggested her family is Catholic,Jane has little heed for society's or her faith's expectations for marriage. After Edwy again proposes to Jane andJuggs asks himJane's response, Edwy reports, "She asked me if I believed in a short marriage and a merry one" (194). That is,Jane was considering agreeing to marry Edwy, as long as she could divorce him as soon as she becomes bored, an attitude extremely uncommon for women in the early 1900s. Shakespeare, whose works are referenced throughout the novel, established the principle that comedies end with a marriage and tragedies end with a death. With its ample humor but nothing that resembles a traditional happy ending, which category does The Loves ofEdwy fall into? A contemporary reviewer writing in The New York Times described it as "a tragedy done in a series of jests." At the end of The Loves ofEdwy, when Jane andJuggs fail to marry and instead resolve to live apart, this story of star-crossed lovers is presented in the tone of a tragedy, since Juggs is the narrator of it. But given the evidence of the fates of married women in this novel, and the fact that while writing it, O'Neill had just scraped off a first husband, Gray Latham, who drained her financially, and was enduring a second husband, Harry Wilson, who was a depressive scold that she would soon dump, when seen fromJane's perspective,Jane's escape from marriage at the end might be better understood as a triumph. �Funny Woman: O'NEILL'$ RADICAL HUMOR the Annual Meeting of the National Women's Studies Association in 1989, she asserts, "Marietta Holley, Kate Sanborn, and Rose O'Neill have never been given the status accorded to Mark Twain, Will Rogers, or Charles Dana Gibson" (Sheppard, "Continuity" 5). Perhaps the most feminist aspect of Th~ Loves of Edwy is how fu?ny it is. For all the deaths of children, parental emotional abuse, fistfights,jail sentences, and thwarted love affairs it depicts, the novel's tone is largely comic.Juggs' editor at Wit prizes his drawings because they display the same qualities that many of O'Neill's illustrations did, being humorous yet sympathetic. The editor tellsjuggs, "Remember, stay funny in spite of the devil. Funny with that other you have-the little dash of pity" (175). The humor in The Loves ofEdwy ranges from entire characterizations-Mr. Ross-Connaught is funny in bearing, actions, and expression throughout-to Oscar Wilde-esque oneliners. For example, beforejuggs leaves for college, he andjane are hanging out, snacking on nuts and chatting, whenjane uses a pun. Juggs relates, "it was an observance with us to turn a deaf ear to puns, so I continued cracking nuts like a person of some selfrespect" (104). The narration and repartee are witty throughout the book, even when events turn tragic. Although women have been producing humor for centuries, with evident wit, for example, in the novels ofJane Austen and George Eliot, men have frequently questioned whether women are capable of being funny, as recently as 1999, when Christopher Hitchens published his Vanity Fair essay "Why Women Aren't Funny." In 1884, The Critic, a ew York-based magazine of literary criticism, asked its readers to provide evidence of women's humor (Sheppard, "Social Context" 156). In response, the following year, Kate Sanborn published an anthology, The Wit of Women, "to prove that American Women were not devoid of humor" (Sheppard 156). In Alice Sheppard's "Continuity and Change: The Cultural Context of Women's Humor," a paper she presented for O'Neill was funny in her drawings and funny in her writing, but because the guy did not win the girl at the end of The Loves of Edwy, contemporary critics read it as a tragedy, although at least one allowed it had "to a large degree a Dickens flavor" ( The New York Times). ow that it is seldom read, The Loves ofEdwy is mainly remembered as merely "autobiographical" in lists of O'Neill's accomplishments. Instead of understanding O'Neill's first novel as an autobiographical tragedy, perhaps we can more clearly see it as a thoughtfully-crafted work of feminist comic fiction, informed by some of O'Neill's personal experience, that should be considered alongside her better known works of art as evidence of her multifarious gifts. ,, I ' "lady Jane, The Juke, and Juggs" (Illustration from The Loves of Edwy) 1904 Pen and ink on paper 19 x 15 inches Collection of International Rose O'Neill Club Foundation �Works Cited Hitchens, Christopher. ""Why Women Aren't Funny."" Vanity Fair, vol.January 1, 2007, https:/ / www.vanityfair.com/ culture/ 2007 / Ol/ hitchens200701. "Mystical and Humorous.; THE LOVES OF EDWY." The New York Times, Saturday Review of Books ed., 10 September 1904, p. 27. O' eill, Rose.The Story of Rose O'Neill: An Autobiography. Edited by Miriam Forman-Brunell, University of Missouri Press, 2022. O' eill, Rose Cecil. The Loves of Edwy. Wildside Press, LLC, 2010. Public Opinion. "A Disciple of Dickens." Public Opinion: The News of the World Weekly Magazine, vol. 37, no. 1, 1904, pp. 314-315. Sheppard, Alice. Continuity and Change: The Cultural Context of Women's Humor. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the National Women's Studies Association. 1989, Towson, MD, pp. 2-20, https: / / files.eric.ed.g<:)V / fulltextjED318652.pdf. Accessed 25 April 2023. Sheppard, Alice. "From Kate Sanborn to Feminist Psychology: The Social Context of Women's Humor, 1885-1985." Psychology of Women Quarterly, vol. 10, 1986, pp. 155-170. �The Tangle: ROSE O'NEILL AND THE MISSOURI OZARKS BY SARAH BUHR, CURATOR, SPRINGFIELD ART MUSEUM �•, ctu re P a girl. She is eighteen. It is 1894. She has been raised in an unconventional family with parents who told her she could do anything she set her mind to and that she should have a career. She can draw, write, ing, and dance. She was born into poverty. But her family has created a world of their own imagination, one that is different from the usual family. Stacks of books serve as furniture, their mother works outside of the home, and their father cares for the children. This girl has just moved to New York where she lives in a convent as she launches a career as a commercial illustrator. And her family has moved, again. She is going to visit them by horse and wagon. It is a long journey, first a train from New York to St. Louis, then another train to Springfield, and finally a two-day journey by hor e and wagon through the Ozark Mountains to a tiny dogtrot cabin on three hundred acres, nestled in the mountains, remote as remote can be. But there is a babbling brook, a forest of trees, massive caves, and neighbors tucked away in the hills whose language is vivid and playful. It is a place where you can run free in the clothes that you made, bathe in the stream by your home, and ride horses through the fields. Ilow might that affect you? How might that protect you? How might that place be a refuge from the greater world that does not think you should get divorced, or cut your hair, or wear pants, or vote, or do what you want? To live with nature as your kin, with your family of misfits, in a place too far for others to bother with. Well, you just might decide that THAT world IS the world, the REAL world, because you made it. So, you take that world with you wherever you go, nestled in your heart and mind. And then come back whenever you need to recharge. And it serves as a bulwark against despair, sadness, hurt, war, poverty, society's rules, and patriarchal conventions. Who might you be if yo~ were given a place such as this when you were 18, with the freedom it entailed? Well, you might turn out to be Rose O'Neill. (Fig. 1) And that place would be Bonniebrook, in the Missouri Ozarks. Ro e O'Neill is bigger than life. She was complex and paradoxical. Her avid admirers (me included) have refocused her history dependent upon their own connections to her work, which has unfortunately fragmented and_di~ided her persona. At this point we may never fully be able to reform her into the true picture of who she was. But I do believe one thing to be true - he would not have been fully herself had she not been introduced to the Missouri Ozarks. Fig. I: Rose O'Neill at nineteen. Photo courtesy of the Rose O'Neill Foundation. �Rose had already left home to seek a career in ew York when her father, Patrick, moved the family to "Bonniebrook," located just a few miles from Branson and fifty miles south of the larger township of Springfield, Missouri (Fig. 2). On her first visit to see the family's new home, Rose fell in love with the landscape, calling it "the tangle" and the "forest enchanted." 1 She wrote expansively about her introduction to both the land and the people of the Ozarks in her memoirs, in stories, and even in an article for the St. Louis PostDispatch. 2 Within her florid descriptions, she links both of her most well-known creations - the Kewpies and the Sweet Monsters - to the Ozarks. Fig. 2: The dog-trot cabin, later dubbed Bonniebrook in the Missouri Ozarks. Courtesy of the Rose O'Neill Foundation. As she bumped along the trail towards Bonniebrook for the first time, she noted, "The leafy darkness seemed peopled with elves ... exquisite little presences weaving enchanted webs among the boughs. I did not dream then that they were "previews" of Kewpies. I had no inkling that my own beloved elves were waiting in that wilderness for me to give them birth. "3 The Kewpies eventually came to her in a dream (1909), flying in through her studio window in the attic at Bonniebrook. trees made strange figures. I seemed to see primeval shapes with slanting foreheads, deep arched necks, and heaping shoulders playing on primordial flutes. I had a sort of cloudy vision of pictures I was to make long afterwards - a great female figure loomed out of the rocks holding mankind in her vast bosom. That night there came to me the title of the unborn picture, "The Nursing Monster." 4 (Fig. 3) The Sweet Monsters consequently rose from the earth. These drawings depict low-browed beasts and horned creatures whose profiles resemble the craggy outcroppings of rocks visible throughout the Ozark Mountains surrounding Bonniebrook. Rose also mentions these drawings as she describes her initial voyage to Bonniebrook, "The heaped rocks with twisted roots of As Rose, her two younger sisters Lee and Callista, and her father finally reached the cabin at Bonniebrook she exclaimed, "The next day we went deeper and deeper into the thick woods. I forgot my fears and shouted with joy. I called it the 'tangle' and my extravagant heart was tangled in it for good .... The Forest Enchanted closed us in. "5 Rose O'Neill , Charmed Life, an Autobiography: The Story of Rose O'Neill. Collect!on of the Springfield ;'-rt Mus~um, Missouri (photocopy of an undated, copyrighted manuscript) p. 61. Rose O'Neill , "From Convent to ew Rome in Ozark Wilds," St. Louis Post-Dispatch, Sunday Womens Magazine, 5 December 1937. 3 O'Neill , Charmed Life, p. 57-58. 1 Ibid, p. 57. 5 Ibid, p. 61. 1 2 �Fig. 3:: Rose O'Neill, The Faun Weeps Finding Himself the Father of a Human Infant c. 1915-1920 Pen and ink on paper Collection of Bonniebrook Historical Society .61. �Bonniebrook immediately became a refuge, an inspiration, a place to which Rose would return repeatedly to recharge and recuperate. As her fortunes grew over the course of her career, she invested heavily in the home, adding bay windows, French doors, bookshelves, two additional stories, and the first working indoor toilet and telephone in the region (Fig 4). Rose wrote, "For the first time in our lives we learned by heart the sound of solitude, that mystical voice made up of winds, flowing water, rustling leaves and little secret feet, soliloquies of birds and insects, the long lament of owls. It was wild." 6 ature, her hills, forests, and streams were integral to this connection, this belief in the land as respite, but the effect was deepened and augmented by the unique people who lived there and who accepted Rose and her family as best they could with kindness and care. The Ozark Mountain country in Southwest Missouri, where Rose's beloved Bonniebrook was sited, was originally seasonal hunting grounds of the Osage Nation. As white settlers began to move in, they came from Tennessee, Kentucky and the Carolinas and were mostly yeoman farmers by trade. The majority were, as Ro e described it, "that old breed of Scotch and English that had trekked west from the Southern states, following mountains, and carrying with them obsolete English words and Scottish ballads. They carried something else as well: certain courtesies, fine reserves, and gracious hospitalities; indestructible dignity, liberal mind, stoic endurance, and flabbergasting humor." 7 The primary characteristic of this region is isolation. The hills and valleys make the area hard to traverse and easy to hide in. It attracted loners and rebels 8 , but it also supported a network of liberal mindedness and hospitality as the harsh and remote conditions made it tantamount to help your neighbor. Vance Randolph 9, folklorist and Rose's friend, noted that for the residents of the Ozark Mountains, "their way of life changed very little during the whole span of the nineteenth century. They lived in a lost world, where primitive customs and usages persisted right down into the age of industrial civilization." 10 Randolph also fell in love with the people, eventually moving to the Ozarks full time in the 1920s. He described them as "the best talkers I have ever known. Their speech was musical and soothing, full of strange, meaningful words and phrases." 11 The speech patterns of Ozarkians retained an inordinate number of words and phrases from Elizabethan English. According to journalist and scholar H.L. Mencken in 1921, "In remote parts of 6 Fig. 4: Bonniebrook in the Missouri Ozarks after its many additions funded by Rose. Courtesy of the Rose O'Neill Foundation. the United States, there are still direct and almost pure-blooded descendants of the seventeenth-century colonists. Go among them and you will hear more words from the Shakespearian vocabulary, still alive and in common service, than anywhere else in the world, and more of the loose and brilliant syntax of that time, and more of its gypsy phrases." 12 These were the people whom the O' eills befriended and befuddled when they settled at Bonniebrook. Rose, raised on the works of Shakespeare by her father, was enthralled by this world where Shakespearean language was part of everyday speech and was besotted with the turns of phrase, grammar, and vocabulary of her friends and neighbors, many of which she recorded in her journals. Of her neighbors' speech, Rose said "We had never heard such talk. The charm of long-ago words. The drawl. We never tired of the drawl. "13 According to Randolph, "the most striking features of the hillman's speech is his habitual use of picturesque comparisons, outlandish metaphors and similes, old sayings and proverbs, cryptic illusions to esoteric mountain lore, and bucolic wisecracks generally. "14 This use of humor supported and invigorated Rose's own love of wordplay, a trait built into the family dynamic Ibid, p. 63. Ibid, p. 53-54. A group of vigilantes, named the Bald Knobbers, were based in the Missouri Ozarks. They were active from 1883 to 1889 and first formed to protect life and property in the region but later became known for enacting violence and taking the law into their own hands .. 9 0 Randolph was a writer and folklorist who traveled throughout the Missouri and Arkansas Ozarks observing and collecting all aspects of folk culture. I le personally recorded ballads, songs, and stories that had been handed down orally for generations to preserve their history. He met O'Neill in the 1940s and they became close friends. For more on Vance Randolph see his books Down in the Holler: A Gallery of Ozark Folk Speech; Ozark Folksongs, Ozark Magic and Ozark Folklore; The Ozarks: An American Survival of a Primitive Society and Vance Randolph: An Ozark Life by Robert Cochran (1987). wvance Randolph and George P. Wilson, Down in the Holler: A Gallery of Ozark Folk Speech (Norman, OK: University of Oklahoma Press, 1953) p. 3. 11 1bid, p. 4. 12 H.L. Mencken, The American Language: An Inquiry into the Development ofEnglish in the United States, 2nd edition (New York: A.A. Knopf, 1921) p. 69. 13 0' eill, Charmed Life, p. 71. 11 Randolph, p. 172. 7 8 �She also wrote of their neighbors' unique way of dress and comportment: "The young men were fond of decoration. Many wore their hair long, sometimes almost to the shoulders. Often the broad-brimmed hats had a girl's colored belt for a band. On festal occasions a masculine chest would be bespangled with 'beauty pins' (brass breast-pins with setting~ of colored glass). Leather belts were sometimes wound with ribbons. Boots had fringes round the tops or cuffs of scarlet leather. "17 In comparison to the standard fashions in the rest of the country, where men were expected to wear suits and women wore corsets, the Ozarkians were unusual and unconventional - further proof that the O' eills had found a unique. community that might be more accepting of their own unusual ways. Rose noted that "They never made any comment on our difference. They overlooked it as best they could and did not let it interfere with our friendship. "18 Fig. 5: Callisto at Bonniebrook in a "polymuriel" outfit designed by her and Rose. Courtesy of the Rose O'Neill Foundation. through Patrick's r citation of plays and Meemie's love of books and mu ic. Rose was educated in elocution, acted in several theatrical productions, and was an avid reader. Her own love of wordplay i evidenced in her journals, letters, illustrations, and the entire world of the Kewpies. The tongue-in-cheek name , the alliterative speeches, and the Kewpies' witticisms are unmi takable evidence of Rose's love of language, all of which can al o be traced back to the Missouri Ozarks. 15 o. e was equally inspired by the resilience of her Ozark neighbors and featured them in stories and illustrations. Rose featured their closest neighbor, "Aunt Jane," in her story "The llir d Man," with accompanying illustrations published in Good Jfou ekeepingin]une 1929. According to Rose,Jane was "elderly and moked a pipe ... her calico shoulders were narrow and bent... her voice wa a weary little whine. "16 1 jJust a few examples: Kewpiedoodle dog, Ducky Daddies, ~une- buggily, Republikewps, and Demokewps. "Ibid, p. 66. 17 Ibid, p. 70-71. IM Ibid, p. 78. l'I Ibid, p. 63. 0 ., Ibid, p. 95. The O'Neill family, raised as iconoclasts, also used the isolation to their advantage in following their own creative pursuits. (See Fig. 5) Meemie created a lavish and beautiful garden, the children explored the woods, and they read and read and read. As Rose became famous, she invited friends from all over the world to visit where they would swim in the creek, read poetry, and revel in the solitude. She authored books, she made illustrations, and she drew. Brother Hughie made furniture, sister Lee painted, and Meemie played piano. As Rose noted, "we have been coming back to it [Bonniebrook] all these years, from New York, London, Paris, Italy... none of us have ever thought of giving up Bonniebrook. "19 Bonniebrook's supportive and creative environment is linked to so many of Rose's life choices and creative pursuits. It was at Bonniebrook that Rose first determined she ought to divorce first husband Gray Latham. Her father drove her to the courthouse in Forsyth, Missouri, in 1901 to help her file for divorce. 20 During her second marriage to Harry Wilson, they split their time bet~een Bonniebrook and ew York as Wilson found it an ideal place to write. He authored several novels there, which Rose illustrated, including The Spenders (1902) and The Lions of the Lord (1903). It was also at Bonniebrook that she realized she had to leave Harry; a decision supported by her family. �21 lhi 2 /I, 2~ ( ) ' �Rose created untold numbers of illustrations there for the many periodicals for which she worked. She sold the first "pile of drawings" that she made by the brook and the cabin as soon as she returned to New York. And she never stopped working while she was there, rolling her drawings "around smooth sticks ofwood ... sent out across the hills on horseback." 21 The family left their mail by the 'Fairy Tree' at the foot of their property. And she wrote her own poems and several of her novels there. And despite her life as a world traveler, her wealth, and her homes, it was to Bonniebrook that Rose would eventually retire. Of course, her changed financial situation precluded her need to sell her other properties but I remain convinced that she would have preferred to spend her final days in Bonniebrook regardless of the circumstances. When Rose finally returned to Bonniebrook for good, sister Callista also returned. Meemie and brother Clink were already there, and the foursome spent their days reading, singing, and enjoying the company of their Ozark friends, as well as brother Hugh and his children, who now lived in Springfield. If you are given space to imagine your life differently, if you are introduced to diverse ways of living through travel, then you are much more likely to find it possible to navigate your own path. Of course, Rose's wealth made her ability to fully embrace different modes of living financially possible. Her privilege of wealth and race made it easier to be a divorcee and dress in velvet robes in a world that said women should do otherwise. This privilege did not exempt her from all of society's rules or judgements, but it did mean that she was able to create a small pocket where the world ran according to her desires. Bonniebrook and the Missouri Ozarks were such places and had all the ingredients to support such a family - seclusion, forests, magic, caves, and mountains. I would argue that while Rose would always have been a successful illustrator, she might not have had the courage to be herself so fully if she had not had Bonniebrook, where she could recharge, regroup, and arm herself to deal with the rest of the world. She wrote, "I never approached Bonniebrook without an ecstatic lifting of the heart ... "23 (See Fig. 6) A visit to Bonniebrook in 2023 reveals that the site, even without the original home, is magical. It is a place unto its own, created by the confluence of nature, history, and people, and imbued with the frolics and wisdom of Rose O'Neill, her kewpies, and sweet monsters. It remains The Forest Enchanted. ' 1 Ibid, p. 98 ' !he l.ac{v in the White Veil (1909) in parti cular. , O' eill , Charmed life, p. 155. �Re-examining Embrace of the Tree: ROSE O'NEILL'S ART AS ADVOCACY FOR WOMEN BY HEATHER SINCAVAGE, M.F.A. �A heavy numbness seizes her limbs, / her soft breasts are girded by thin bark, / her hair grows into foliage, her arms into branches, / her foot, just now so swift, clings by sluggish roots. Ovid's Metamorphoses, an insulted Eros (Cupid) shoots two arrows - one of gold and one of lead. The golden arrow hits Apollo who falls deeply in love with nymph Daphne. Shot with the lead arrow, Daphne is impervious to love and rebuffs Apollo's advances. Unrelenting Apollo pursues Daphne who cries out to her father, Peneus, the river god, to save her. Peneus transforms her into a laurel tree. Apollo, unable to control himself, steals her leaves, creating a wreath for him to don. The laurel wreath became a symbol of honor and victory, Apollo's triumph to claim a piece of Daphne in his pursuit of love. In Over time, the tale of Apollo and Daphne has been fodder for countless pieces of art; most notable is the marble sculpture by Gian Lorenzo Bernini made between 1622 and 1625, famously still on display today in the Galleria Borghese in Rome. In recent years, the Apollo and Daphne tale has been re-examined through a feminist lens by art critics such as Griselda Pollock. Critics refocus the tale to reflect the Me Too era. Instead of being a story of Apollo's unrequited love, what cannot be ignored is Daphne's lack of body autonomy and her rape. He gives the wood kisses," Ovid recounts, drily, "and the wood shrinks from the kisses. / The god said to her, 'Since you can't be my bride, at least / you will certainly be my tree! Rose O'Neill's impressive and probably most controversial work is Embrace of the Tree (c. 1920), a depiction of the Apollo and Daphne myth. Now residing at her Ozark estate, Bonniebrook, the limestone sculpture was first displayed as a bronze in Paris in 1921 and was thought to be stylistically inspired by the sculptures of Auguste Rodin. The sculpture shows two figures, one male, muscular and commanding, clutching the demure and willowy female figure. The legs of the female figure are bonded at the base to form a rooted tree trunk, thus embodying Apollo's futile attempt to keep Daphne from transforming into a tree. The sculpture's controversy is mostly due to the sensual embrace of the two figures, an image that is troubling for most. Now, as part of the Me Too era, current interpretations of the story might reposition the sculpture's meaning as less of an unrequited love story, but rather as a woman without agency. As an advocate for women, one could imagine that Rose O'Neill might concur with this reinterpretation had she still been living today. �Sands of Time Detail c. 1896-1901 Pen and ink with watercolor on paper 9 x 13 3/ 4 inches Collection of the International Rose O'Neill Club Foundation �from aWoman's Perspective: MORE THAN THE ANGEL IN THE HOUSE Rose O' eill was a singular woman at the turn of the twentieth century. n accomplished artist, writer, poet, and entrepreneur, she used h r gift to be an influential figure in the suffrage lllO\cmcnt, firmly believing in body autonomy and emancipation. In Shelley Armitage' book, Kewpies and Beyond, she states 1h.1t O' ill "e entially argued that only the woman artist ran change the fal e and failed images of women, shaped by mrn's \rnrd "(Armitage, 132). Throughout her career, O' eill \\Ould create ensitive, self-reflective images of women in her illustration for p riodicals such as Puck magazine. She built her ct1n'rr advocating for the marginalized and used her prestige to motivate other to support causes she believed in. In her 1905 illu tration for Puck, The Moral Atmosphere, (p#56) the art nouveau- tyled pen and ink drawing is an image of a hustling treet out ide of a theater. While the people depicted in the image are glamorously self-involved, the woman in the foreground i with her own thoughts - as if she knows she is about to b on <li play and perhaps is uncomfortable about it. I heaters at the time were places to be seen by social climbers \dthin , ociely a evidenced by Mary Cassatt's series of paintings of th cat rgo r throughout the 1880s. At the theater, women \\CIC obj cl lo be seen and everyone knew it. Many of O'Neill's illmtration for Puck are from a woman's perspective which is a profound choice for a men's magazine. O'Neill often grounds her images with women at the forefront of the composition taking up prom in nt pace in the lower quarter of the illustration. 1 "\ioman's the Virtues, Man's the Stupidity Is the Division the Gentle lm 1r11/01 of Kewpies Makes." The New York Tribune, Apri I 14, 1915. O' eill herself was often described as one of the most beautiful women in the world. However, one can imagine how she would recoil at such a statement because of her professional and personal accomplishments. She prided herself on being both an artist and writer, goals she made for herself at a young age, but she also was the sole provider for her family, paying for her siblings to attend college or funding their professional pursuits. She writes: ... she must be taught, as a young girl, not that she is a woman who can do what men allow her to do, but that she is to be the producer. She is to think about her vocation when she is young just as the man does now. Then when the time comes for choice, she is to emancipate herselffrom all traditions. She is to eliminate from her mind all thoughts of shocking anybody or anything. 1 The values she challenged were instilled during the Victorian era when the "Angel in the House" (1854), a poem by Coventry Patmore, was embraced as the feminine ideal - subservient, chaste, and devoted to her family. Writers such as Virginia Wolff and Charlotte Perkins Gilman, author of "The Yellow Wallpaper" and within O' eill's circle of friends, later critiqued the concept as antiquated and unjust for women. In Sands of Time (c. 1901), the woman in the painting seems to question this notion of "Angel of the House." Potentially realizing the value placed on her fading beauty (and all that is implied within a patriarchal society), one might even hear her ask "is that all there is?" �Gibson, C. D. (1903) The weaker sex. II. , 1903. [Photograph] Retrieved from the Library of Congress, https://www.loc.gov/item/2010716170/ Women of the late 19th century and early 20th century were fundamentally governed by their marital status. Generally, a married woman had no separate, legal identity from her husband and prior to marriage, a woman fell under her father's purview. The Gibson Girl, the feminine ideal created by Charles Dana Gibson in 1890, was the new feminine ideal looking to break away from the patriarchy. However, while the Gibson Girl pursued more assertiveness to manage her happiness, her appearance and how she conducted herself in public were still a reflection of the men in her life. 2 Virtue was paramount and a reflection of her upbringing. Stylish with her Gibson Girl updo, the Sands of Time (p#39) woman is not one-dimensional. While the Gibson Girl was the feminine ideal in the late 19th century, suffragist Nina Allender adopted the Gibson Girl aesthetic and "injected [the Allender girl] with the spirit for reform" in 1912. 3 The Sands ofTimewoman precedes the Allender girl but perhaps predicts her existence. O'Neill draws the Sands of Time woman with a concerned expression. The artist professes that men have placed women in the shackles of society-not physical restraints (although she would argue a corset is just that) but with words. They were much easier to make than chains, and more convenient. So, men taught them that chastity was a woman's great virtue. Even now only one thing can 'ruin' a woman. That word should be nonexistent, for it represents false ideals. He taught her that prudence and obedience and all the gentler attributes were fine and womanly. It was convenient for the husband, and it was convenient for the father before he gave her to the husband. And women have believed the silly things. 4 Her Sands of Time woman seems to be in the midst of realizing her constraints. Her image and her beauty represent the values of her family, but she is more than this. 2 Gibson, C. D. (2013, March 30). The Gibson Girl's America: Drawings by Charles Dana Gibson high society scenes. Library of Congress. https: / / www.loc. gov/ exhibits/ gibson-gi rls-america/ high-society-scenes.h tml 3 Scarbrough, E. (n.d.). "Fine Dignity, Picturesque Beauty, and Serious Purpose": The Reorientation of Suffrage Media in the Twentieth Century. h ttps: / /scalar. usc.edu / works/ suffrage-on-display/ the-allegory?path =chapter-three-our-hat-is-in-the-ring 4 "Woman's the Virtues, Man's the tupidity Is the Division the Gentle Inventor of Kewpies Makes." The New York Tribune, April 14, 1915. �' The Kewpies: WITHOUT LIMITS Toget er ror Home and Fami~ llll!!!"lll!lll"!!I... Year later, as O'Neill lent her talents to the suffrage movement, she reimagined the Modern Woman. The 1915 po ter, Together for Home and Family, depicts a man and woman holding hands, the woman with her arm out tretched and reaching forward as if to gesture toward the future. The two are depicted as equals. O' 1cill' Modern Woman wore a long flowing dress \\ith no evidence of the corset, and wore bobbed hair, popular for the period, abandoning the Gibson Girl style that pr vail d in the early 1900s. Women desired to seek life out id of the home - to go to college, have careers - and O'Neill uggests that this was possible in equal partn r hip with her partner. Indeed, this did mean that thi wa available almost exclusively to middle - and upper-class white women. 5 , upporting a cause she believed in, O'Neill called upon her Kewpies to bring her personal beliefs to the main tream. Her infamous creation debuted in Ladies 1/omejournal in 1909. They were inspired by Cupid, (the Kewpie name hark ning to her love for speaking in 'baby talk') and are considered figures of mirth. The K wpie earned O' eill 1.4 million dollars, over 35 million in today' standards, and were all the craze, preceding Walt Di ney's Mickey Mouse by almost 20 year . Rose O'Neill, Together for Home and Family, 1915, Courtesy of Bonniebrook Historical Society, Museum, & Homestead ·1he Kewpies' philosophy is to do "good deeds in a funny way." To promote women's suffrage, O 'Neill enlisted the Kewpies to persuade voters to support the movement. In one instance in 1914, she organized a stunt to drop celluloid Kewpie dolls, each wearing a tiny yellow parachute and a sash bearing women's right slogan , from a plane piloted by aviation pioneer Kath rine tinson over Nashville. 6 The Kewpies were powerful persuaders. O' eill al o would use her own celebrity for the mov ment by attending protests, marching in parades and vrn hanging a banner outside her Washington , quar apartment. As a twice-divorced businesswoman, the m n he married were not particularly helpful and supportive of her accomplishments. She was succe ful - and wealthy- in spite of them, going on to ingl -handedly support the endeavors of her family, other artists, writers, and dancers; therefore she undoubtedly felt she was due the same rights as her male counterparts. Rose and sister Callisto O'Neill advocating for women's suffrage, c. 1915 Courtesy of Bonniebrook Historical Society, Museum, & Homestead 1 Ka~initL, B. "Togetherfor home and family. Women & the American Story." (2022,July 9). https:/ / wams.nyhistory.org/ modernizingam<·tica/ woman-suffrage/ together-for-home-and-family / h 1.iolomon, A. "The prolific illustrator behind Kewpies used her cartoons for women's rights." Smithsonian.com. (2018, March 15). https: / / www. ,mithsonianmag.com / history/ prolific-illustrator-behind-kewpies-used-her-cartoons-womens-rights-180968497 / �1r ]i41 / , ~ -- - - , .,;;~»Aliiil~ ~ I I Rose O'Neill, Sheepwoman, 1915, Collection of Bonniebrook Historical Society, Museum, & Homestead �Sweet Monsters: AN AWAKENING CONSCIOUSNESS \s 0' eill continued as an illustrator and writer, her private l'ndcarnrs, th wcet Monsters, reflected the new Modernist id<'ab that reli hed creation from self reflection and rnnsciousne . Modernists aimed to dismantle the Victorian .. \ngd in the Ilou e" trope. At the same time as her Together for fl111t1l' mul Family ' Uffrage poster, O'Neill created a rendering of the "\1odern Woman" for The New York Tribune, which was more of a stylistic departure from her public suffrage work and more akin in spirit to her private drawings, the Sweet Monsters. The sketch~ nude fi male figure transposes a sheep's head onto her ll<'rk. 5hr stat : Homan i a sheep woman ... She has yet to learn that she is far greater thfln the two sexes. Homan is the philosopher. What she knows, man 1111nt figure laboriously through logic. For centuries, she has borne the gffflf er;t insult of the world, but she is now to be emancipated. 7 ,\ patriarchal societ~ puts limitations on women, an attitude th,tt somr vom n internalize, causing them to hold themselves hark. 0' eill believed that women's ability to give birth was not a limitation of their gender and should be celebrated. She urged ,wmrn to join her in working to overturn such barriers. In her )()Vi articl for the Times Dispatch, she writes: 'You are a woman. So am I. lie have the same problem. We are of one sisterhood. Let us help mrh othn~' 8 encouraging women to band together and support l'lll.trtcipation. Helping each other begins, however, with the sdf. Shelley Armitage writes, "she seemed vitally aware that by rh,mging the inner picture of oneself, the public articulation- the \\Ords of society- could be changed." (132) Indeed, 0' eill publicly celebrated women but perhaps explored h<'t "inner picture" in her private endeavor, the Sweet Monsters. I h<' , ,wet Mon ters, sometimes referred to as Titans, were dr,mings that weren't released to the public until some twenty H',lf'S after he began drawing them. Sitting in her second floor studio at Bonniebrook surrounded by the woods, she would look out of hrr window after dark and wait for the monsters to show 7 " \\ 0111r111's themselves in the windings of tree limbs and branches. Through the Sweet Monsters, O' eill explored the :Jungian Self,' 9 better known as the study of the conscious and subconscious mind, which was a new psychological study emerging in 1902. The monsters could be considered her most honest and revealing work . Stylistically, the Sweet Monsters are "sculpted" through O' eill's heavy cross hatching in pen and ink. Their substantial figures often intertwined with each other suggest interdependence and companionship. Androgynous in nature, the monsters investigate emotional relationships and embody that subconsciousness through their actualization, whereas in O'Neill's earlier work, women are sensitively drawn as thinking and feeling people. The monsters, free of gender constraints, are the act of thinking and feeling. Armitage describes them as the "birth of consciousness. " 10 Androgyny was a distinct choice by O'Neill when creating both the Kewpies and the Sweet Monsters. While O'Neill considered the Kewpies to be male, she did not depict genitalia; moreover, the Sweet Monsters often displayed physical characteristics of both genders simultaneously. By using androgyny as an identity, O' eill offers that the tension between the sexes is eliminated and therefore implies their opportunities are limitless. Differences are resolved when genderless. 11 Once free of constraints, the Kewpies float through the air- an act of being so free that their imagination allows them to flip and float as needed. The monsters emerge from scribbles and become figures woven together hardly noting where one ends and the other begins - the embodiment of collective consciousness. Imagining a world without the limitations of gender suggested that a fuller, limitless world could be created for women. The constraints society created around gender were false shackles. Breaking free from those confines, and by merging the Kewpies with people in the actual world, O'Neill encourages that anyone was capable of this consciousness. "Each person must realize the power of imagination - become an artist of the self- to incorporate the male and female parts of the self." 12 lh f' Virtues, Man 's the Stupidity ls the Division the Gentle Inventor of Kewpies Makes." The New York Tribune, April 14, 1915 " \111mrn11s are Funny Children and New York is Pastoral Says Rose Cecil O'Neill," ihe Times Dispatch, Richmond VA Sunday July 19, 1914 \1mitag(', ~- (1991 ). Kewpies and Beyond: The world ofRose O'Neill. University Press of Mississippi. 10 \1 mit,1gc, S. ( 1991 ). Kewpies and Beyond: The world of Rose O'Neill. University Press of Mississippi. Pg 140. ihid :ihid II 1 �Emancipating Daphne At her core, O'Neill was a forthright activist for women. To her, gender was a power construct in a patriarchal society and when eliminated from the equation, the ability to realize women's potential could happen. Through her early illustrations, O'Neill portrayed women aware of their constraints enforced through the expectations of gender, but with the Kewpies and the Sweet Monsters, the truest of selves could flourish. That said, would she have agreed to reimagine the Apollo and Daphne tale, Embrace of the Tree? Embrace of the Tree is the depiction of gender inequity. Eliminating binary gender as part of the Kewpies and Sweet Monsters identities allowed them to thrive as their truest selves. The only way for Daphne to escape the advances of Apollo is to transform into a non-human, a tree. Even when Daphne changes, Apollo robs her of her leaves to take a piece of her for himself- a metaphorical rape- and, because she is without autonomy, her cry is silenced. In fact, in true Modernist fashion, O' eill uses this well-known mythology because of its inherent emotions and experiences. Perhaps, because of this, she might also agree that her version of the story, Embrace of the Tree, suggests the woman's body is a political space. As O'Neill developed as an illustrator and artist, no doubt she felt the profound impact of her creative voice. For Puck magazine, she was the sole voice for the marginalized. As an up-and-coming entrepreneur, she overcame the doubt of others by wielding her abilities. She used her success to advocate for others, becoming a prominent force in the suffrage movement. As we imagine her cherished sculpture in today's world, Rose O'Neill was not a silen er of women; she was a voice for them. Embrace of the Tree reminds us that power inequity remains. However, if the Kewpies remind us of anything, it is that, when women are freed from the shackles of gender, our abilities are limitless. Rose O'Neill, Embrace of the Tree at the Bonniebrook Estate, Image by Heather Sincavage, 201J �' Je, 2023 �����I Sands of Time c. 1896-1901 Pen and ink with watercolor on paper 9 x 13 3/ 4 inches Collection of the International Rose O'Neill Club Foundation �Untitled (couple on couch) c. 1896-1901 Pen and ink, graphite, watercolor on paper 15x213/4inches Collection of the Ralph Foster Museum, College of the Ozarks �I I \ • \I,\ ,, \I I I ' 11 \I\ >~ ,/ j I 0 Promise Me c. 1896-1901 Pen and ink on paper 18 x 13 inches Collection of the Rose O'Neill Foundation, Courtesy of Bonniebrook Historical Society, Museum, & Homestead �0 Mama's Birthday 1897 Pen and ink with wash on paper 16 x 14 inches Collection of Susan Wilson �When Amaryllis Trippeth Down 1898 Gouache on paper 15x213/4inches Collection of International Rose O'Neill Club Foundation �In the Art Gallery 1898 Pen and ink on paper Collection of the Spnng . f·1eld Art 15 l /2 x 27 7/8 •inc hes Museum, Springfield, MO SAM 2018.2.38 �In the Art Gallery 1898 Pen and ink on paper 15 1/2 x 27 7/8 inches Collection of the Springfield Art Museum, Springfield, MO SAM 2018.2.38 �-'~,· ') '·-) ~~m t_, The Result 1898 Pen and ink on paper 16 x 23 inches Collection of Susan w·11 son �An Admirer's Letter 1899 Letter, lock of hair, and lithograph 16 x 15 inc.hes Collection of Susan Wilson �Elucidating Morals 1900 Pen and ink on paper 21 1/2 x 26 inches Collection of Susan Wilson �The Brain-Worker 1902 Pen and ink on paper 16 x 22 inches Collection of Susan Wilson ��Emphatic Reiection c. 1900 Pen and ink, watercolor, gouache, on board 15 x 21 3/4 inches Collection of the Norman Rockwell Museum �Popularity a la Mode. Mrs. Hightone -1 hear that your new Rector is very popular. Mrs. DeStyle - Popular? Yes, indeed! Why, we are thinking of having his sermons dramatized. 1901 Ink and blue pencil on paper 21 3/8 x 15 l /8 inches Collection of Delaware Art Museum, Gift of Helen Farr Sloan, 1980 �Two Women 1901 Pen and Ink on paper 15 3/8 x 22 l /8 inches Collection of Delaware Art Museum, Gift of the Rose O'Neill Foundation, 2018 �Gentleman's lounge 1901 Ink and wash on paper with blue pencil 15 3/8 x 22 5/16 inches Collection of Delaware Art Museum, Gift of the Rose O'Neill Foundation, 2018 �The Too Affable Girl 1904 Pen and ink on paper 17 x 26 inches Collection of Susan Wilson �if I I JI l l J' { \~ I . A{ .!, , '· . I. , I,\ i '', •. :,::, 1'\ ,, cf \ ,.1 ½> 1 ;\i @'{.•. .1 ·, I 1/ 1 I• 1t l/ I I pt; , • ,( I ~ ·;~y ·~ )~I , ' I .....- / - :/ .~ I: I jl I j • (. )~ JI ~. ~ /I \I f_ 1(/fl~,·~ -'\ ~---:;;) - 1 -1 ,.: • - - ,.., ~ His Uncle brings a present to little Johnny 1905 Pen and Ink on paper 15 3/8 x 22 3/16 inches Collection of Delaware Art Museum, Gift of the Rose O'Neill Foundation, 2018 J ,,- II / �I 1\. I I I I' I I ,' I ii J' I / I J , 1-', I , /-. I II I ' I ' , I / I • I J I ·( I t .,, 1 ', rJ t,: ::'. . ; • • .. ~\t ~'.1 ; \\ \ \\ ' l.·•', l \i I \ t.• .. , • 1 ) 1: I \ /, I' L, , ; h / I, 1/ • , I ·, .:y. I I _...,- f '1 ' {{ _.,,,, / - ~\ 1·'\ - \ l I ' • ')ff;✓~ >,.,· , ,, / '#'/,, •• /{ I J ' • 1 ~I ) ,, " I His Uncle brings a present to little Johnny 1905 Pen and Ink on paper 15 3/8 x 22 3/16 inches Collection of Delaware Art Museum, Gift of the Rose O'Neill Foundation, 2018 �The Moral Atmosphere 1905 Pen and ink on paper 15 1/4 x 22 1/8 inches Collection of Brandywine Museum of Art, Gift of the Rose O'Neill Foundation, 2020 2020.1.7 �A Night with Little Sister 1906 Pen and Ink on paper 7 3/8 x 15 1/ 4 inches Collection of Brandywine Museum of Art, Gift of Jane Collette Wilcox, 1982 82.16.191 �''Do you think you ought to speak in this way to a perfect stranger? 1909 Pen and ink on paper 24 x 17 3/4 inches Collection of Norman Rockwell Museum �Callie Wheatley seated herself at the table and accepted tea., Illustration for A California Consden,e by Edith Wyatt, McClure's 1909 Pen and Ink on paper 18 x 24 inches Collection of the Norman Rockwell Museum �Jell-0 illustration drawing - Kewpies around yellow bowl c. 1909-29 Graphite and watercolor on paper 12 x 15 inches Collection of the Jell-0 Museum, LeRoy Historical Society, Gift of the Rose O'Neill Foundation �Jell-0 illustration drawing - Man Reading Newspaper c. 1909-29 Graphite on paper 14 x 19 inches Collection of the Jell-0 Museum, LeRoy Historical Society, Gift of the Rose O'Neill Foundation �Jell-0 illustration drawing - Nan & Bobby c. 1909-29 Graphite on paper 14 x 19 inches Collection of the Jell-0 Museum, LeRoy Historical Society, Gift of the Rose O'Neill Foundation �One of Our Girls 1914 Pen and ink on paper 21 1/2 x 15 1/2 inches Collection of Susan Wilson ��Various Ads for Jell-0 c.1915-1920 Photolithog ra ph Various Collection of the Jell-0 Museum, LeRoy Historical Society �They Wanted Jell-0 Do )'OIi remember 1he drcruHul di :ippointmcnl it uacd to be In the ol<l d.l}'S 01 home w)l("I\ mother btol.1ght oo for dcl!lcrt 10me ~1k('<.I applH Qr 1>ici>lnnt pie, ur eomcthinfl cl~ llull wa. 100 common,nnd)'OU h:1dcxpcctcdicecre.imor•hor1c.ikent least? 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Pd BrWt•~rt. 0.1 , (:ooJ JJOU1tMtf)i11J �Jell-0 illustration drawing - Dorothy c. 1914-18 Graphite and watercolor on paper 11 x 15 inches Collection of the Jell-0 Museum, LeRoy Historical Society, Gift of the Rose O'Neill Foundation ���Telling Mama about Jell-0 1921 Pen and ink with watercolor on paper 25 x 29 inches Collection of Susan Wilson �/JJI -: J /. ,1-=- .) , --.:...:....~ .... ~ -~ ..A . . . , . ) ( ) ~ .... .51,.. ...,,;t... ~:. ~; ..t:;;. ).... \,tt., The Harmonious Child - She writes his first love letter (by Sir Phillip Hamilton Gibbs) Cosmopolitan Fiction Illustration 1925 j. Pen and ink on paper 18 1/2 x 22 1/4 inches Collection of Washington University in St. Louis Libraries and Collections WUISL-23-R0-#09 t' t:""---'--> �Scampering, scuffling, dancing little feet; Pratt Lambert Varnish 1925 Oil on canvas 21 l /2 x 18 inches Collection of Susan Wilson �J I I 't,·'. I i 'I ' '· · id "\-~· I I I I I , ., i I . ; '! , / / 6'1 / .. I i .... :t .• ,;;.: ~""' :c ·,/ /'' '.,_/ ,.. / l ' ,' / ! / / ,..,£ t\ :; 0 A Child Shall Lead Them (by Edith Barnard Delano} Good Housekeeping Fiction Illustration 1925 I .J Pen and Ink on paper 22 x 15 3/4 inches Collection of Washington University in St. Louis Libraries and Collections WU ISL-2 3-R0-#0 l �The New Baby 1927 Pen and ink on paper 17 x 14 1/2 inches Collection of the Kelly Collection of American Illustration �' ,, () I<i:!fpiev!lk ttt GYm:rtJ11asttiJ1t' (: I • • ~ ' ~ ' ~ •• ,,...·$'•'< ', Ji « ,; ./0,110:,· ,\ h.J\.t·1,·f\ \ 1dc:11 to 1(1\ 't' (lco('l1.• ,t u ►rettth of k.ru·t'·' }or ( ,lt n.ll ,1111.~ . TlwHgli lit' tt',..dn cl r1h11ttt1 hu t1111nn\' rht·r,m,t· 111.· i/11>1~-~ u i1tu 11 d1l·crrng d/rct) he t 'i r1irl11.:r sh)' dhuut hc1t 111g Ju.'- p1l'l1trt• fLl~t'H. J.,~l'UH(, u \t'Crh< ,.\ liu J,urhjlil tfoJ>-rood. Towza. ,1rv101tl Ladies Home Journal- Christmas Cover 1927 Periodical page 10 x 12 inches Collection of the Ralph Foster Museum, College of the Ozarks . �Worshipping Freddie 1928 Pen and ink with watercolor on paper 20 x 19 inches Collection of Susan Wilson ��Untitled (railroad workers) n.d. Graphite on paper 13 x 11 inches Collection of Bonniebrook Historical Society, Museum, & Homestead �-1,;;· \ I ~ . ,.. -- - , •. -~ ---rrl /'IV • yoV:,.... - l •. .- . . ._.J ~,r.f :V... I 11, I Youth (by Sinclair lewis) Cosmopolitan Fiction Illustration 1930Graphite and watercolor on paper 13 l / 4 x 10 l /2 inches Collection of Washington University in St. Louis Libraries and Collections WUISL-23-R0-#04 �Green - As In Envy (by Forrest Wilson} Cosmopolitan Fiction Illustration 1929 Ink and watercolor on paper 15 1/4 x 22 1/2 inches Collection of Washington University in St. Louis Libraries and Collections WUISL-23-R0-#02 �What Is It The Mom Does? (by Lenora Mattingly Weber) Good Housekeeping Fiction Illustration 1930 Ink, graphite and watercolor on board 22 x 30 inches Collection of Washington University in St. Louis Libraries and Collections WUISL-23-R0-#07 �,., ., -~ .,,,✓.,, ~ ----... "-- ,' I I Carola's Causes (by Booth Tarkington) Cosmopolitan Fiction Illustration 1930 Graphite and watercolor on board 15 x 22 inches Collection of Washington University in St. Louis Libraries and Collections WUISL-23-R0-#05 �' ·_JI!/\ I I I ,, I I I \ 1\ ~ . \ / ~ i J,/ / ,.~/ ~~~~~ I Untitled (man with a pipe, woman looking over shoulder) 1930 Pen and ink on paper 22 x 15 3/4 inches Collection of Washington University in St. Louis Libraries and Collections WUISL-23-R0-#03 �Pin-Up Girl c. 1930-40 Pen and ink with watercolor on paper 17 1/2 x 13 1/2 inches Collection of Susan Wilson �My Man (by Monica Krawczyk) Good Housekeeping Fiction Illustration 1933 Ink, graphite and watercolor on board 30 x 22 inches .COiiection of Washington University in St. Louis Libraries and Collections WUISL-23-R0-#06 �Mr. Big Doc (by Lenora Mattingly Weber) Good Housekeeping Fiction Illustration 1933 Ink and watercolor on paper 30 x 22 inches Collection of Washington University in St. Louis Libraries and Collections WUISL-23-R0-#08 �Untitled (couple leaning in) n.d. Pen and ink on paper 21 x 8 inches Collection of Bonniebrook Historical Society, Museum, & Homestead ��Untitled (figure study) n.d. Oil on canvas 27 1/4 x 20 1/4 inches Collection of the International Rose O'Neill Club Foundation �Callista n.d. Graphite on paper 10 x 14 inches Collection of the International Rose O'Neill Club Foundation �Untitled (children on chair) n.d. Pen and ink with watercolor on paper 26 x 30 inches Collection of Susan Wilson ����Frontispiece from The Loves of Edwy 1904 Pen and ink on paper 11 5/8 x 19 1/ 4 inches Collection of the Springfield Art Museum, Springfield, MO SAM 2018.2.2 �"You know you can't leave me, Jane?" (Illustration from The Loves of Edwy) 1904 Gouache on illustration board 20 x 13 inches Collection of International Rose O'Neill Club Foundation �\ I -✓- J I / "" ; ,,) ~, • -~ /, ,r._ { . . ... . /'. (!I,'· "':' ' . 1\ ... e· , , · ' ! • I "lady Jane, The Juke, and Juggs" (Illustration from The Loves of Edwy) 1904 Pen and ink on paper 19 x 15 inches Collection of International Rose O'Neill Club Foundation �(He} stared indignantly up (Illustration from The Loves ol Edwy) 1904 Watercolor and gouache on paper mounted on board 15 1/2 x 22 1/8 inches Collection of Delaware Art Museum, Gift of the Rose O'Neill Foundation, 2018 �I I II I ; He had his arm about my neck in the old way (Illustration from The Loves of Edwy) 1904 Pen and ink on paper 22 x 15 inches Collection of Susan Wilson �"You are more like a Visiting Child than the Mistress here, Lady Jane" (Illustration from The Loves of Edwy) 1904 Pen and ink on paper 11 5/8 x 19 l / 4 inches Collection of the Springfield Art Museum, Springfield, MO SAM 20l 8. 2. 9 �..:£... The slender body that a clasp would break (Illustration from The Loves ol Edwy} 1904 Pen and ink on paper 22 1/4 x 15 1/4 inches Collection of the International Rose O'Neill Club Foundation �Georgie on the Couch (Illustration from The Loves of Edwy) 1904 Pen and ink on paper 22 x 15 inches Collection of International Rose O'Neill Club Foundation �The letter had come to me (Illustration from The Loves of Edwy) 1904 Watercolor and gouache on paper mounted on board 15 1/2 x 22 1/8 inches Collection of Delaware Art Museum, Gift of the Rose O'Neill Foundation, 2018 ����\C.'I (! n 0, A /4: -,,i ~ -~ The Kewpies and the Scolding Aunt 1912 I I I I• I Pen and ink on paper 13 x 20 inches Collection of the Norman Rockwell Museum �The Kewps and Stern Irene 1912 Ink and graphite on thick paper mounted on board sheet 17 x 17 7/8 inches Collection of Delaware Art Museum, Gift of the Rose O'Neill Foundation, 2018 �Kewpies scolding a little girl 1912 Ink and graphite on paper 12 7/16 x 18 5/8 inches Collection of Delaware Art Museum, Gift of the Rose O'Neill Foundation, 2018 �Kewpie Doll c. 1914 Porcelain 17 x 11 x 3 1/2 inches Collection of Andrew County Museum �Kewpie doll (African American) c. 1914 Porcelain 2 l /2 x 4 l /2 x l l / 4 inches Collection of Andrew County Museum �I ' The Kewpies and Ducky Daddies 1914 Pen and ink on paper 56 x 33 inches Rose O'Neill Collection Collection of The Ohio State University Billy Ireland Cartoon Library & Museum CGA.AC.BBl 5.004 �. . . • 1~ r- ~(2-? )), ) ((___ "v, • :..(r • The Kewpies and Thanksgiving 1914 Pen and ink on paper 39 x 57 inches Rose O'Neill Collection Collection of The Ohio State University Billy Ireland Cartoon Library & Museum CGA.AC.8815.007 i - cc~,- - ~ ] • •~c;z- �", ( '( 1 (; . - • \ \ \ I .\ (t )' / , ,. I /~/ t ~' I .. , ~ ' /I - \I ~ J/ ., , o "' .,. :. _,. . I I ._ , ~~ -..... f~ a ·\'--< ,J . - . \l l . ( j>-.. I ', -- • ~ I , '-,r(r .-,;:~- ~ ~ ~~- - •-•• / ~~ I <, v -!" ,) / • / I The Kewpies and Little Tibby's Tree 1914 Pen and ink on paper 52 x 34 inches Rose O'Neill Collection Collection of The Ohio State University Billy Ireland Cartoon Library & Museum (GA.AC.BB 15.005 �Kewpie doll (with flower crown) c. 1914-18 Porcelain 7 x 11 x 4 inches Collection of Andrew County Museum �Kewpie doll (blue suit) c. 1914-18 Porcelain 4 x 7 x 2 inches Collection of Andrew County Museum �11 I Children's Kewpie Tea Set c. 1915 Porcelain Variable Collection of Andrew County Museum �Children's Kewpie Tea Set c. 1915 Porcelain Variable Collection of Andrew County Museum ��Kewpies in the lap of learning; Story illustration for "The Kewpies and the College," 1916 Pen and ink on paper 22 1/2 x 16 inches Collection of the Norman Rockwell Museum �The Kewps now vie in antics various to make the Fairy Queen hilarious., Illustration for The Kewpies and their Fairy Cousin 191-6 Pen and ink on paper 22 1/2 x 16 inches Collection of the Norman Rockwell Museum �Kewpies Thanksgiving 1916 Pen and ink on paper 22 1/2 x 16 inches Collection of Susan Wilson �l:,, //I\ i <..- \ I ":I <, . 1;,. :'•1 ( The Mer-kewps 1917 II Pen and ink on paper 22 1/2 x 17 1/4 inches Collection of the Ralph Foster Museum, College of the Ozarks I ? , �When the Information Kewp looked up Liberty's location in his book they all set sail across the bay, carrying the cake 1918 Pen and ink on paper 22 1/2 x 15 inches Collection of the Norman Rockwell Museum �The Kewpies and liberty's Birthday 1918 II Pen and ink on paper 22 1/2 x 16 inches Collection of Susan Wilson ��,, 1 '. , ._,I , (,'<\ 1 ' 1, ' "'-e- kew\>$ Wt.1'6 di$h1r.be<l in.._ the.i-.- usl4a.l Ch,;stma.~ OllQ, 4<\~ p_!ep&Yb.tions b~ ~ Gnat Jau. and the~ all -~ .sat cl._own. ana. ponde-reil with--, ext'l'e111e.-. velocit~ 'Theq tlie~ saicl.,"'This h the ~~ thini jo,. th(!.... Children of A111e-rica'{'rlltJ 11ut ll\- a great ma.11~ in'le~tec\ mesa.J>hones' a.nc\ some tol~ the c.hildrtn abollt it ~ wa.-:,- ani\ some wbispnecl it.. to them in. theh slee~--"' One Day the Kewps ... 1918 I I Pen and ink on paper 22 1/2 x 17 1/4 inches Collection of the Ralph Foster Museum, College of the Ozarks �dci ''·t... the poor sroon.\, , l for me. to be amu.se.d. '"M ~, • :i. f"IIO , 3Uu woul4t'nt l lu.ve- to )(up as a.wj'-ll as ros~ib,e.. People- exre.et it oj m11.,.» Ana. just to show them. , he. .suoc1en1J got q 1uit~ awfull~ awJul , .so that e.ve.n tJ;'!..-. we.ll- roise.cl ke:wr& we.\'e -,.athe.l' ( ) ja-,ee.4. jol' a. moment.. _ _..., ' J Gus the Ghost and the Kewpies 1919 Pen and ink on paper 22 1/2 x 17 1/4 inches Collection of the Ralph Foster Museum, College of the Ozarks �~ ' 7" / , "'" \ ' ~. \ ~ / ~;:I \ ..,..""'• , :, I y' ~ ~ .,. , :~ >~. l\Ff-rtJ}i;~' .;;·:- ,..__1 - ' (' "1 ~ Kewpieville 1925 Pen and ink on paper 22 x 28 inches Rose O'Neill Collection . . B'II I land Cartoon Library & Museum Collection of The Ohio State University I y re CGA.AC.8815.010 I , ) l �', __ . ,, / ~i Kewpieville 1925 Pen and ink on paper 22 x 28 inches Rose O'Neill Collection Collection of The Ohio State University Billy Ireland Cartoon Library & Museum CGA.AC.BBl 5.011 �~ _..::::::;:-,p<i>- • . "'v-v' - ~ . ; - , , - - ~~~ · r-, .,J~~ . -[ .◄ ,.:.). .-. ~('11 .,. •• I .h. / • •, ~h O/~j ( - ., (~:\ ;.~;:~ ' . . .; ..J'<; 7-. .,.,.r-. J.,.~~ ~--'i 1Ff ? ~ :~· v .- ' -- ~':"\ .- .. ~.',:' ' - / , Q-( ~ ~~ - - l_ I ./ i• . I I J ' 11 --r ,/ f.' _,,.,,-;;- ~ I / ~ '-<..>\ ' , ~(- ' ' ~ -t·· I " ,.__' , r Kewpieville 1925 Pen and ink on paper 22 x 28 inches Rose O'Neill Collection Collection The Ohio State University • & Museum CGA.AC.BBlof5.009 Billy Ireland Cartoon Library • , , t , ,)( \ \~, �Kewpieville 1925 Pen and ink on paper 22 x 28 inches Rose O'Neill Collection L1.b rary & Museum Collection of The Ohio • State University Billy Irelan d Cartoon CGA.AC.BBl 5.012 �Kuddle Kewpie c. 1925 Fabric, cotton, stuffing 17 3/ 4 x l Ox 4 l /2 inches Collection of the Ralph Foster Museum, College of the Ozarks �Kewpie mold c. 1925-50 Cast aluminum 11 l / 4 x 7 l / 4 x 4 inches Collection of the Ralph Foster Museum, College of the Ozarks �.Philantht-cipists need. Ii. .spice of wit , 01' else. they maltc.. Dull W<ir'K of it : .Ancl ~ood cleecls &lone, Too .Se>)emn-}ee, /1:re, harcl on-the Do-ep ./\no. the Do-ee.. But the. KewRJ, id.ea (if under~toocl.~ Is to m~t yJLu l~gh. ~hile t.b!'-y ~y_gµ. ~ood.: Ju.st to he. chipper, { Just to be. ~ay )" J\ud. clo .Kin.d aee.ds .ln a funnywa_Yt , take the ca:,e, Of Samue,l Brown, The dl'e.a:rie.st man. In.. Dreal'ytown: .New He -was ~ g°rumpy-! lfe had. i.lte. ~out : The neighbors all hid. When he dodc:lerea. aho u.l1 1 He. wa~ .so heavy His shcie& never Jaste~ Some. peoP.le callecl him. ~imply "aod_gastecl';' But the Ke.wP,S make Jjght,. Of heavy oJcl thin~s, J\nd. they fitted him out With a pai-r of wlng.s . lNhen he rec.overed. From his vexation. OldkSamud Jau51hed... Li e all creation..... -nte hal'e iclea Of wings on him. Nade him guffaw With -verve. and. vlm. He. whooped till he Became .so Ji~ht, He drifted ~~nlly Out of .stght. ~ H~ _clrifted. in. '"-· Nis .SunclaY, hat; And D-real'yville "'Wa$ ~lad of that• ffe•s likely to he Drifting- .still Unle$S he'.s IJone. To Kewi,ieval~ . J,am ~•wr<•':!_}- ••"--- d,ifti:-.,1~ : ! ~ "' The Kewpies June 1928 Pen and ink on paper 22 1/2 x 17 1/4 inches Collection of Delaware Art Museum, Gift of the Rose O'Neill Foundation, 2018 �.I, , ., ' Q \'1 . ~ 1 • t· ,'< • ••, ll t:_ll I/ I · 1 - :.· ,. " • • ("' Y? ~ >~ ( . ..,r ' '· ,,~·." ...... !ft•' · .i{, ,, '" r- ,\1,.' \r.\.f11 l"Jf',, '"'l /•/1.''l\ /l,,l~.I' ' ,(-/ • 1~ I ··'. '.- ' r' {\ - 3 . , r. ,I ,, r , , ,h l~ 05: V t, I l :J; . \'""·• J' • ~ ~,-- ❖, :;< \. I . I I -,. ) •. '\,~\'I •, t·'•(,\l,-,,/ } }? . l .,., ,\ },\1~liI F'\t•:\,r,i J., !._ " ·1 t '·~ ~~~ · i' ·•, j ...... ~ ........... "1 ', -=)' I ')~' I .rd. ' 'J'- ~·• • "> .~~ Untitled (Kewpie in a fairy net) n.d. Pen and ink on paper 22 3/4 x 20 1/4 inches Collection of the International Rose O'Neill Club Foundation ��Girl and Kewpie Voting n.d. Pen and ink on paper 12 x 8 1/ 4 inches Collection of Bonniebrook Historical Society, Museum, & Homestead �Ho Ho 1940 Plaster cast 4 3/ 4 x 4 x 4 inches Collection of the Ralph Foster Museum, College of the Ozarks �Ho Ho 1940 Coated plaster 4 3/ 4 x 4 x 4 inches Collection of the Ralph Foster Museum, College of the Ozarks ���I I I �I I I Erato c. 1886-1901 Graphite on paper 19 x 12 1/2 inches Collection of the Norman Rockwell Museum �/ \, f ,,,( / I 1/ 1/ / ~ 1/ I / / / The Defection of the Fairy Godmother 1901 Pen and ink on paper 25 x 24 inches Collection of Susan Wilson �Paolo and Francesca 1911 Graphite and watercolor on paper 31 x 28 inches Collection of Susan Wilson �I I The Faun Teaches the Poet to Play the Pipes co. 1910s Ink on paper 18 x 24 inches Collection of Brandywine Museum of Art, Purchased with Museum funds, 1989 89 .20.4 �Untitled (Sweet Monsters) c. 1915-20 Pen and ink on paper 10 1/2 x 13 l /2 inches Collection of Susan Wilson �Fugitive portrait c. 1915-20 Graphite on paper 6 1/ 4 x 4 1/ 4 inches Collection of Bonniebrook Historical Society, Museum, and Homestead �Satyr c. 1915-20 Bronze 5 1/2 x 4 1/2 x 3 3/4 inches Collection of Ralph Foster Museum, College of the Ozarks �Dryad and Faun 1922 Photolithograph 22 1/2 x 28 1/2 inches Collection of the Norman Rockwell Museum ��..~-l:.-~' ,~ ~ Struggle for Life (Sweet Monsters) c. 1920s Pen and ink on paper 15 x 11 l /2 inches Collection of the Norman Rockwell Museum !: - ·_.,; _·_.. / .,,...,..· ; ,. , �Untitled (Sweet Monsters) n.d. Pen and ink on paper 25 x 26 inches Collection of Susan Wilson �Tl\ Even at Heaven's Gate Pen and ink on paper 19 x 18 inches Collection of Susan Wilson n.d. �Untitled (head) n.d. Graphite on paper 22 x 28 inches Collection of the Ralph Foster Museum, College of the Ozarks �The Will to Create #1 (Sweet Monsters) n.d. Pen and ink on paper 19 1/4 x 24 3/4 inches Collection of the International Rose O'Neill Club Foundation �~ I I I i �Embrace of the Tree button n.d. Manufactured button with printed ribbon 2 1/2 x 9 inches Collection of Andrew County Museum ��Sand Pen a 9x l Col lee Unlit Pen a 15 X Callee 0 Pre Pen a 18 X Callee Court, Mam Pen a 16 X Callee Whe1 Gouae 15 X Callee In th Pen a 15 l1 Callee SAM'. The I Pen a 16 X Callee AnA1 letter. 16 X Callee Elucit Pen □ 1 21 l; Callee Eratc Graph 19 X Callee �lands of Time, c. 1896-1901 Emphatic Reiection, c. 1900 ren and ink with watercolor on paper h 13 3/4 inches (ollection of the International Rose O'Neill Club Foundation Pen and ink, watercolor, gouache, on board 15x213/4inches Collection of the Norman Rockwell Museum Undtled (couple on couch), c. 1896-1901 ren and ink, graphite, watercolor on paper 1~ x 21 3/ 4 inches (ollection of the Ralph Foster Museum, College of the Ozarks 0Promise Me, c. 1896-1901 ren and ink on paper rn x 13 inches (ollection of the Rose O'Neill Foundation, (ourtesy of Bonniebrook Historical Society, Museum, & Homestead lama's Birthday, 1897 ren and ink with wash on paper 1o x 14 inches (ollection of Susan Wilson When Amaryllis Trippeth Down, 1898 bouache on pa per 1h213/4 inches (ollection of International Rose O'Neill Club Foundation Popularity a la Mode. Mrs. Hightone - I hear that your new Rector is very popular. Mrs. DeStyle - Popular? Yes, indeed! Why, we are thinking of having his sermons dramatized., 1901 Ink and blue pencil on paper 213/8x 15 l/8inches Collection of Delaware Art Museum, Gift of Helen Farr Sloan, 1980 Two Women, 1901 Pen and Ink on paper 15 3/8 x 22 l /8 inches Collection of Delaware Art Museum, Gift of the Rose O'Neill Foundation, 2018 Gentleman's lounge, 1901 Ink and wash on paper with blue pencil 15 3/8 x 22 5/16 inches Collection of Delaware Art Museum, Gift of the Rose O'Neill Foundation, 2018 The Defection of the Fairy Godmother, 1901 In the Art Gallery, 1898 ~en and ink on paper 1~ 1/2 x 27 7/8 inches (ollection of the Springfield Art Museum, Springfield, MO )~M 2018.2.3 8 The Result, 1898 ren and ink on paper 1o x 23 inches (ollection of Susan Wilson ln Admirer's letter, 1899 letter, lock of hair, and lithograph 1o x 15 inches (ollection of Susan Wilson Pen and ink on paper 25 x 24 inches Collection of Susan Wilson The Brain-Worker, 1902 Pen and ink on paper 16 x 22 inches Collection of Susan Wilson Frontispiece from The Loves of Edwy, 1904 Pen and ink on paper 115/8 xl91/4inches Collection of the Springfield Art Museum, Springfield, MO SAM 2018.2.2 llucidating Morals, 1900 "You know you can't leave me, Jane?" (Illustration from The Loves of Edwy), 1904 ren and Ink on paper 111/2 x 26 inches (ollection of Susan Wilson Gouache on illustration board 20 x 13 inches Collection of International Rose O'Neill Club Foundation lrato, c. 1896-1901 "lady Jane, The Juke, and Juggs" (Illustration from The Loves of Edwy), 1904 braphite on paper 1~ x 12 1/2 inches (ollection of the Norman Rockwell Museum Pen and ink on paper 19 x 15 inches Collection of International Rose O'Neill Club Foundation �(He) stared indignantly up (Illustration from The Loves of Edwy), 1904 The Moral Atmosphere, 1905 The Pen and ink on paper 15 1/4 x 22 1/8 inches Collection of Brandywine Museum of Art, Gift of the Rose O'Neill Foundation, 2020 Ink o 2020.1.7 89.2 He had his arm about my neck in the old way (Illustration from The Loves of Edwy), 1904 A Night with little Sister, 1906 Port Pen and ink on paper 22 x 15 inches Collection of Susan Wilson 7 3/8 Pen and ink on paper x 15 1/ 4 inches Collection of Brandywine Museum of Art, Gift of Jane Collette Wilcox, 1982 82.16.191 Oil 01 25 X "You are more like a Visiting Child than the Mistress here, Lady Jane" (Illustration from The Loves of Edwy), 1904 "Do you think you ought to speak in this way to a perfect stranger?", 1909 The Pen and ink on paper 24 x 17 3/4 inches Collection of the Norman Rockwell Museum 13 Watercolor and gouache on paper mounted on board 15 1/2 x 22 1/8 inches Collection of Delaware Art Museum, Gift of the Rose O'Neill Foundation, 2018 Pen and ink on paper 11 5/8 x 19 1/4 inches Collection of the Springfield Art Museum, Springfield, MO SAM 2018.2.9 The letter had come to me (Illustration from The Loves of Edwy), 1904 Watercolor and gouache on paper mounted on board 15 1/2 x 22 1/8 inches Collection of Delaware Art Museum, Gift of the Rose O'Neill Foundation, 2018 The slender body that a clasp would break (Illustration from The Loves of Edwy), 1904 Pen and ink on paper 22 1/4 x 15 1/4 inches Collection of the International Rose O'Neill Club Foundation Callie Wheatley seated herself at the table and accepted tea., Illustration for A California Constiente by Edith Wyatt, McClure's, 1909 Pen and ink on paper 18 x 24 inches Collection of the Norman Rockwell Museum Jell-0 illustration drawing - Kewpies around yellow bowl, c. 1909-29 Graphite and watercolor on paper 12 x 15 inches Collection of the Jell-O Museum, LeRoy Historical Society, Gift of the Rose O'Neill Foundation Jell-0 illustration drawing - Man Reading Newspaper, c. 1909-29 Pen and ink on paper 22 x 15 inches Collection of International Rose O'Neill Club Foundation Graphite on paper 14 x 19 inches Collection of the Jell-O Museum, LeRoy Historical Society, Gift of the Rose O'Neill Foundation The Too Affable Girl, 1904 Jell-0 illustration drawing - Nan & Bobby, c. 1909-29 Pen and ink on paper 17 x 26 inches Collection of Susan Wilson Graphite on paper 14 x 19 inches Collection of the Jell-O Museum, LeRoy Historical Society, Gift of the Rose O'Neill Foundation Georgie on the Couch (Illustration from The Loves of Edwy), 1904 15 3/8 x 22 3/16 inches Collection of Delaware Art Museum, Gift of the Rose O'Neill Foundation, 2018 X Colle1 Purch Colle SAM Pen 1 >< Colle The lnkl 17 > Colle Gift KH Ink, 12 i Colli Gift Ke11 Pore 7X Colli Ke, Pore 2l Coll Ont Pen 21 Coll His Uncle brings a present to little Johnny, 1905 Pen and Ink on paper 18 I Paolo and Francesca, 1911 Graphite and watercolor on paper 31 x 28 inches Collection of Susan Wilson Tht Pen 56 Ros Coll Car CGJ �The Faun Teaches the Poet to Play the Pipes, ca. 1910s The Kewpies and Thanksgiving, 1914 Ink on paper 18 x 24 inches Collection of Brandywine Museum of Art, Purchased with Museum funds, 19 89 89 .20.4 Pen and ink on paper 39 x 57 inches Rose O'Neill Collection Collection of The Ohio State University Billy Ireland Cartoon Library & Museum (GA.AC.BB 15.007 Portrait of Rose O'Neill, c. 1912 Oil on Canvas 25 x 21 inches Collection of the Springfield Art Museum, Springfield, MO SAM 2018. 2. l The Kewpies and the Scolding Aunt, 1912 Pen and ink on paper 13 x 20 inches Collection of the Norman Rockwell Museum The Kewps and Stern Irene, 1912 Ink and graphite on thick paper mounted on board sheet 17 x 17 7/8 inches Collection of Delaware Art Museum, Gift of the Rose O'Neill Foundation, 2018 Kewpies scolding a little girl, 1912 Ink and graphite on paper 12 7/16 x 18 5/8 inches Collection of Delaware Art Museum, Gift of the Rose O'Neill Foundation, 2018 Kewpie doll, c. 1914 Porcelain 7 x 11 x 3 1/2 inches Collection of Andrew County Museum Kewpie doll (African American), c. 1914 Porcelain 2 1/2 x 4 1/2 x 1 1/ 4 inches Collection of Andrew County Museum One of Our Girls, 1914 Pen and ink on paper 21 1/2 x 15 l /2 inches Collection of Susan Wilson The Kewpies and Ducky Daddies, 1914 Pen and ink on paper 56 x 33 inches Rose O'Neill Collection Collection of The Ohio State University Billy Ireland Cartoon Library & Museum (GA.AC.BB 15.004 The Kewpies and Little Tibby's Tree, 1914 Pen and ink on paper 52 x 34 inches Rose O'Neill Collection Collection of The Ohio State University Billy Ireland Cartoon Library & Museum CGA.AC.BBl 5.005 Jell-0 illustration drawing - Dorothy, c. 1914-18 Graphite and watercolor on paper 11 x 15 inches Collection of the Jell-0 Museum, LeRoy Historical Society, Gift of the Rose O'Neill Foundation Jell-0 advertisement - The Kewpies and the Sensible Woman, 1915 Photolithograph, Ladies Home Journal, 1915 11 x 16 inches Collection of the Jell-0 Museum, LeRoy Historical Society Jell-0 advertisement - Dorothy's Getting Well, 1915 Photolithograph, Ladies Home Journal, 1915 11 x 16 inches Collection of the Jell-0 Museum, LeRoy Historical Society Kewpie doll (with flower crown), c. 1914-18 Porcelain 7 x 11 x 4 inches Collection of Andrew County Museum Kewpie doll (blue suit), c. 1914-18 Porcelain 4 x 7 x 2 inches Collection of Andrew County Museum Children's Kewpie Tea Set, c. 1915 Porcelain Variable Collection of Andrew County Museum Untitled (Sweet Monsters), c. 1915-20 Pen and ink on paper 10 1/2 x 13 l /2 inches Collection of Susan Wilson �Fugitive portrait, c. 1915-20 Jell-0 advertisement - What Mama Said, 1919 Graphite on paper 6 l / 4 x 4 l / 4 inches Collection of Bonniebrook Historical Society, Museum, and Homestead Photolithograph, Ladies Home Journal, October 1919 11 x 16 inches Collection of the Jell-O Museum, LeRoy Historical Society Satyr, c. 1915-20 Jell-0 advertisement -They Wanted Jell-0, 1919 Bronze 5 l /2 x 4 l /2 x 3 3/ 4 inches Collection of Ralph Foster Museum, College of the Ozarks Photolithograph, unknown source, April 1919 11 x 16 inches Collection of the Jell-O Museum, LeRoy Historical Society Kewpies in the lap of Learning; Story illustration for "The Kewpies and the College,", 1916 Gus the Ghost and the Kewpies, 1919 Pen and ink on paper 22 l /2 x 16 inches Collection of the Norman Rockwell Museum The Kewps now vie in antics various to make the Fairy Queen hilarious., Illustration for The Kewpies and their Fairy Cousin, Good Housekeeping, 1916 Pen and ink on paper 22 l /2 x 16 inches Collection of the Norman Rockwell Museum Kewpies Thanksgiving, 1916 Pen and ink on paper 22 1/2 x 16 inches Collection of Susan Wilson The Mer-kewps, 1917 Pen and ink on paper 22 1/2 x 17 1/4 inches Collection of the Ralph Foster Museum, College of the Ozarks When the Information Kewp looked up Liberty's location in his book they all set sail across the bay, carrying the cake, 1918 Pen and ink on paper 22 1/2 x 15 inches Collection of the Norman Rockwell Museum The Kewpies and Liberty's Birthday, 1918 Pen and ink on paper 22 1/2 x 16 inches Collection of Susan Wilson One Day the Kewps ..., 1918 Pen and ink on paper 22 1/2 x 17 1/4 inches Collection of the Ralph Foster Museum, College of the Ozarks Pen and ink on paper 22 1/2 x 17 1/4 inches Collection of the Ralph Foster Museum, College of the Ozarks Jell-0 advertisement - Dorothy is five years old today, c. 1920 Photolithograph, Good Housekeeping magazine, March 1921 9 x 12 inches Collection of the Jell-O Museum, LeRoy Historical Society, Gift of the Rose O'Neill Foundation Jell-0 advertisement - Playing at Housekeeping, 1920 Photolithograph, Genesee Pure Food Company 9 x 12 inches Collection of the Jell-O Museum, LeRoy Historical Society Struggle for Life (Sweet Monsters), c. 1920s Pen and ink on paper 15 x 11 l /2 inches Collection of the Norman Rockwell Museum Telling Mama about Jell-0, 1921 Pen and ink with watercolor on paper 25 x 29 inches Collection of Susan Wilson Dryad and Faun, 1922 Photolithograph 22 1/2 x 28 1/2 inches Collection of the Norman Rockwell Museum Kewpieville, 1925 Pen and ink on paper 22 x 28 inches Rose O'Neill Collection Collection of The Ohio State University Billy Ireland Cartoon Library & Museum CGA.AC.BBl 5.010 �Kewpieville, 1925 Kuddle Kewpie, c. 1925 Pen and ink on paper 22 x 28 inches Rose O'Neill Collection Collection of The Ohio State University Billy Ireland Cartoon Library & Museum CGA.AC.BBl 5.01 l Fabric, cotton, stuffing 17 3/ 4 x l Ox 4 l /2 inches Collection of the Ralph Foster Museum, College of the Ozarks Kewpieville, 1925 Pen and ink on paper 22 x 28 inches Rose O'Neill Collection Collection of The Ohio State University Billy Ireland Cartoon Library & Museum CGA.AC.BBl 5.009 The New Baby, 1927 Pen and ink on paper 17 x 14 l /2 inches Collection of the Kelly Collection of American Illustration Ladies Home Journal- Christmas Cover, 1927 Periodical page 10 x 12 inches Collection of the Ralph Foster Museum, College of the Ozarks Worshipping Freddie, 1928 Kewpieville, 1925 Pen and ink on paper 22 x 28 inches Rose O'Neill Collection Collection of The Ohio State University Billy Ireland Cartoon Library & Museum CGA.AC.BBl 5.012 The Harmonious Child - She writes his first love letter (by Sir Phillip Hamilton Gibbs) Cosmopolitan Fiction Illustration, 1925 Pen and ink on paper 18 1/2 x 22 1/4 inches Collection of Washington University in St. Louis Libraries and Collections WUISL-23-R0-#09 Scampering, scuffling, dancing little feet; Pratt Lambert Varnish, 1925 Oil on canvas 21 l /2 x 18 inches Collection of Susan Wilson A Child Shall Lead Them (by Edith Barnard Delano) Good Housekeeping Fiction Illustration, 1925 Pen and ink on paper 22 x 15 3/4 inches Collection of Washington University in St. Louis Libraries and Collections WUISL-23-RO-#O l Kewpie Mold, c. 1925-50 Cast aluminum 11 l / 4 x 7 l / 4 x 4 inches Collection of the Ralph Foster Museum, College of the Ozarks Pen and ink with watercolor on paper 20 x 19 inches Collection of Susan Wilson The Kewpies, June 1928 Pen and ink on paper 22 1/2 x 17 1/4 inches Collection of Delaware Art Museum, Gift of the Rose O'Neill Foundation, 2018 Green - As In Envy (by Forrest Wilson) Cosmopolitan Fiction Illustration, 1929 Ink and watercolor on paper 15 1/4 x 22 1/2 inches Collection of Washington University in St. Louis Libraries and Collections WUISL-23-R0-#02 Youth (by Sinclair Lewis) Cosmopolitan Fiction Illustration, 1930 Graphite and watercolor on paper 13 1/4 x 10 1/2 inches Collection of Washington University in St. Louis Libraries and Collections WUISL-23-R0-#04 Carola's Causes (by Booth Tarkington) Cosmopolitan Fiction Illustration, 1930 Graphite and watercolor on board 15 x 22 inches Collection of Washington University in St. Louis Libraries and Collections WUISL-23-R0-#05 What Is It The Mom Does? (by Lenora Mattingly Weber) Good Housekeeping Fiction Illustration, 1930 Ink, graphite and watercolor on board 22 x 30 inches Collection of Washington University in St. Louis Libraries and Collections WUISL-23-R0-#07 �Untitled (man with a pipe, woman looking over shoulder), c. 1930 Pen and ink on paper 22 x 15 3/4 inches Collection of Washington University in St. Louis Libraries and Collections WUISL-23-R0-#03 Girl and Kewpie Voting, n.d. Pen and ink on paper 12 x 8 1/ 4 inches Collection of Bonniebrook Historical Society, Museum, and Homestead Glass photo, Rose O'Neill portrait, n.d. Collection of Ralph Foster Museum, College of the Ozarks Pin-Up Girl, c. 1930-40 Pen and ink with watercolor on paper 17 1/2 x 13 1/2 inches Collection of Susan Wilson Glass photo, Rose O'Neill with Ho Ho, n.d. Mr. Big Doc (by Lenora Mattingly Weber) Good Housekeeping Fiction Illustration, 1933 Untitled (children on chair), n.d. Ink and watercolor on paper 30 x 22 inches Collection of Washington University in St. Louis Libraries and Collections WUISL-23-R0-#08 My Man (by Monica Krawczyk) Good Housekeeping Fiction Illustration, 1933 Ink, graphite and watercolor on board 30 x 22 inches Collection of Washington University in St. Louis Libraries and Collections WUISL-23-R0-#06 Ho Ho, 1940 Plaster cast 43/4x4x4inches Collection of the Ralph Foster Museum, College of the Ozarks Ho Ho, 1940 Coated plaster 4 3/4 x 4 x 4 inches Collection of the Ralph Foster Museum, College of the Ozarks Callista, n.d. Graphite on paper 10 x 14 inches Collection of the International Rose O'Neill Club Foundation Embrace of the Tree button, n.d. Manufactured button with printed ribbon 2 1/2 x 9 inches Collection of Andrew County Museum Even at Heaven's Gate, n.d. Pen and ink on paper 19 x 18 inches Collection of Susan Wilson Original photo by Gertrude Kasebier, 1907 Collection of Ralph Foster Museum, College of the Ozarks Pen and ink with watercolor on paper 26 x 30 inches Collection of Susan Wilson Untitled (couple leaning in), n.d. Pen and ink on paper 21 x 8 inches Collection of Bonniebrook Historical Society, Museum, and Homestead Untitled (figure study), n.d. Oil on canvas 27 1/4 x 20 1/4 inches Collection of the International Rose O'Neill Club Foundation Untitled (head), n.d. Graphite on paper 22 x 28 inches Collection of the Ralph Foster Museum, College of the Ozarks Untitled (Kewpie in a fairy net), n.d. Pen and ink on paper 27 1/4 x 20 1/4 inches Collection of the International Rose O'Neill Club Foundation Untitled (railroad workers), n.d. Graphite on paper 13 x 11 inches Collection of Bonniebrook Historical Society, Museum, and Homestead Untitled (Sweet Monsters), n.d. Pen and ink on paper 25 x 26 inches Collection of Susan Wilson The Will to Create# 1 (Sweet Monsters), n.d. 4 Pen and ink on paper 19 1/4 x 24 3/4 inches Collection of the International Rose O'Neill Club Foundation �Books Garda, 1929 Doubleday, Doran & Co. Collection of Sordoni Art Gallery, Wilkes University The Goblin Woman, 1930 Doubleday, Doran & Co. Collection of Ralph Foster Museum, College of the Ozarks The Kewpies, Their Book, 1913 Verses and Imag es by Rose O'Neill Frederick A. Stokes Company Collection of Ralph Foster Museum, College of the Ozarks "Sweet Monsters": The Serious Art of Rose O'Neill Pamphlet, January 1, 1980 Lois Helman (Author) Publisher unknown Collection of Ralph Foster Museum, College of the Ozarks The Loves of Edwy, 1904 Lothrop Publishing Collection of Ralph Foster Museum, College of the Ozarks The Master-Mistress, 1922 Alfred A. Knopf Collection of Ralph Foster Museum, College of the Ozarks Books By Harry Leon Wilson, Illustrated by Rose O'Neill The Lions of the Lord, 1903 Lothrop Publishing Collection of Ralph Foster Museum, College of the Ozarks The Splendors, 1902 Grosset & Dunlap Collection of Ralph Foster Museum, College of the Ozarks ��Contributors SARAH BUHR Sarah Buhr is Curator of Art at the Springfield Art Museum; she has been with the museum since 2007. During her tenure, Buhr has curated exhibitions on the work of Nick Cave, Rose O'Neill, Linda Lopez, and Roger Shimomura, among many others, and originated the biennial exhibition Four by Four: Midwest Invitational which highlights emerging artists from Missouri, Oklahoma, Kansas, and Arkansas. Buhr holds an M.A. in History with a concentration in Museum Studies from the University of Missouri - St. Louis and a B.A. in Art History from the University of Missouri - Columbia. She was previously the Assistant Curator of Fine Arts at the St. Louis Mercantile Library. JENNY SHANK Jenny Shank's story collection Mixed Company won the George Garrett Fiction prize and the Colorado Book Award in General Fiction, and her novel The Ringer won the High Plains Book Award. Her stories, essays, satire, and book reviews have appeared in The Atlantic, The Washington Post, The Guardian, Los Angeles Times, and Prairie Schooner. She is a longtime book critic and member of the National Book Critics Circle. She was a Mullin Scholar in writing at the University of Southern California. She teaches in the Mile High MFA program at Regis University and the Lighthouse Writers Workshop in Denver. HEATHER SINCAVAGE Heather Sincavage is an artist, curator, and educator. She is the Associate Professor of Art and the Director of the Sordoni Art Gallery at Wilkes University. She has performed in several performance festivals and exhibitions at the Queens Museum in ew York, Tempting Failure festival in London, during Miami Art Basel, and featured at the Tate Modern in London. She has received over 10 international artist residencies and exhibited in over 40 solo and group exhibitions across the United States, Europe and Iceland. Her work is included in "An Introduction to the Phenomenology of Performance Art: SELF/ S" by TJ. Bacon. In 2018, Heather received the Tanne Foundation Award. DIANE WENGER Diane Wenger taught courses in American History, Women's History, and Material Culture at Wilkes University where she also chaired the department of Global Cultures. She retired as emerita professor in 2019. She holds a B.A. in English from Lebanon Valley College, an M.A. in American Studies from Penn State Harrisburg, and a Ph.D. in History, Program in American Civilization, from the University of Delaware. Her publications include A Country Storekeeper in Pennsylvania (Penn State Press), Schaefferstown and Heidelberg Township (co-authored with Jan Taylor for Arcadia) and numerous articles on Early American businesses and Pennsylvania German culture and architecture. �Sordoni Art Gallery STAFF Heather Sincavage, M.F.A., Director Melissa Carestia, Assistant Director Olivia Caraballo, Educational Outreach Assistant Dylan Kofie, SAG Student Design Fellow, Project Lead Gallery ATTENDANTS McKenna Dolan, social media team member Paige Edwards, design team member, social media team member Jay' no Johnson Alina Mclaurin, social media team member Lara Mullen, social media team member Erika Tomes, design team member Advisory COMMISSION Jean Adams Melissa Carestia Greg Cant, Ph. D. Virginia C. Davis Patricia M. Lacy Kenneth Marquis Allison Maslow Bill Miller Paul Riggs, Ph. D. Eric Ruggiero, M.F.A. Heather Sincavage, M.F.A. Susan Shoemaker Jamie Smith Andrew J. Sordoni, Ill David Ward, Ph. D. Mia Weaver Joel Zitofsky �Thank You To Our SORDONI ART GALLERY MEMBERS Art Lover Director's Lifetime MEMBERS CIRCLE MEMBERS Bonnie Marconi Evans Leoma & Tim Evans Robert Friedman Elizabeth Fulton & Russel Roberts Michael & Sharon Hinchey David & Sharon Hourigan Marquis Art & Frame Michael & Marie Sincavage Margaret Sordoni Morris Susan Shoemaker Mia Weaver Westmoreland Club Joel Zitofsky & -Ronne Kurlancheek Virginia & David Davis Ray Dombroski & Colleen Demorat Harry R. Hiscox, Esq. Kathleen Kroll Caleb McKenzie Bill Miller Jean & Paul Adams Stephen & Maria Hudacek *Clayton & Theresa Karambelas Erik & Patricia Rasmussen Margaret Simms Robert & Judith Stroud Andrew J. & Susan Sordoni, Ill Matthew Sordoni Sordoni Foundation, Inc. �� Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource The Sordoni Art Gallery Exhibition Programs, 1973-present Description An account of the resource Exhibition programs created by the Sordoni Art Gallery from 1973 to the present. Digitized by Wilkes University Archives interns, Zachary Mendoza and Sophia Kruspha. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource The Sordoni Art Gallery Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Wilkes University Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available The Sordoni Art Gallery Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1973-present Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Wilkes University retains copyright of these exhibition programs. Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Exhibition programs, flyers, and calendars. Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource PDF Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource The One Rose: Celebrating the Life and Legacy of Rose O'Neill: The 50th Anniversary Celebration Exhibition program, Fall 2023 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Sordoni Art Gallery Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Wilkes University Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Fall 2023 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource PDF Type The nature or genre of the resource Exhibition Program Description An account of the resource In celebration of Sordoni Art Gallery’s 50th anniversary, the gallery honored the work of Wilkes-Barre native, Rose O’Neill (1874–1944), artist, illustrator, sculptor, poet, novelist, suffragist, and entrepreneur. Exhibition ran from August 25th-October 8th, 2023. O’Neill (1874–1944), an American illustrator of the early 20th century, was a woman of many accomplishments — published poet, novelist and activist for women’s suffrage. She is considered the first female comic artist and was the first woman illustrator for Puck magazine, the leading men’s magazine of the late-19th century, entertaining its readers with considerable satire and political commentary. Kewpie dolls, based on comic strip characters O’Neill created, gained international popularity, served as the face of major advertising campaigns and appeared on a variety of household goods. O’Neill became the first woman to earn over a million dollars, and her $1.4 million fortune would be equivalent to more than $36 million today. An accomplished artist and sculptor of Sweet Monsters, her work was featured in exhibitions in Paris and New York. O’Neill was inducted into the National Women’s Hall of Fame in 2019. The One Rose celebrates the life and career of this Wilkes-Barre artist who was born just streets away from where the gallery is today. https://omeka.wilkes.edu/omeka/files/original/d2627654650757f1086fda61469fd678.pdf 2b6824d9b5cca167e4bdc496a3676dce PDF Text Text Upward Bound NEWSLETTER Spring Edition - 2023 Careers Can Change! By Sav Rose Serrano Featured... What career did you want to have as a child? What career do you want to have now? Oftentimes, they will Trying to Be the Perfect Student not be the same. People often change their career choices Loving Our World as much as 5-7 times throughout their life. It is also What Is It Like To Be A Cyber a possibility that you don’t know what career path to Student in 2023 choose. Regardless of where you are at in your journey, do not fret, your only goal is to choose a path that you SAT & ACT Test Taking Tips will enjoy. A UB Student’s Take on Our career options can change with us as we Colorism develop new interests. As a child, you may like math and Parental Control decide to be an accountant. However, as an adult, you Meet the UB Students may realize you have a passion for medicine, and choose Student Written Poetry a path to become a doctor. Going through life gives you different experiences and exposure to new fields and & so much more... ideas. It is only natural that you may want to change your career to something you’re more passionate about and that’s better suited to your interests. Sometimes, careers can be chosen based on your individual skills as well. Just as with the previous example, if you are good with math, you may choose to become an accountant, because your skills are best suited for that job. While you may still appreciate medicine, you could always study it as a hobby. It is also important to note that job availability and finances can affect how you choose a path. In any case, you should be encouraged to change career paths as often as you need to make sure you are building yourself a bright and happy future. Changing career paths shouldn’t be viewed as being indecisive, but rather as a growth opportunity for your potential into a field that is suited for you. Photo accessed from ShutterStock 1 �Trying to be the Perfect Student By Giovanni Rodriguez Listen. Do you find yourself overworking because you want to have perfect grades? Maybe you ask your friends about what they did on an assignment and they said they basically did the bare minimum and earned a 100. However, you tried your hardest on that assignment and completely stressed over it to get the same score. You received that 100, but then it does not satisfy you because everyone else received the same grade without all of the effort . Well, my friends, I can relate. Ever since elementary school, I have always been a straight A student. School has usually come easy to me, so maintaining those grades has never been a problem. Having this image for so long, it is a habit to use everything in my power to keep myself as the “perfect student.” If my English teacher asked for a five page minimum essay, I would give them ten. If my math teacher wants to see my work, I will give them every single step of that problem. It just goes on and on… and it just gets more and more stressful everyday. So, why do I , and people like me, give the maximum effort when the minimum effort is rewarded equally? This is the question that I have asked myself over and over. That is when I figured it out, and maybe this will help save you from this cycle too. I saved myself from this mentality with one simple thought,one simple solution,one simple question: I asked myself, “what is perfection?” It does not exist. Nothing can be perfect. Everything in the world has at least one flaw. I could not expect myself to be perfect. There is a difference between trying your best, and trying to be perfect. The “trying to be perfect” mentality is toxic. It is a poison. Get rid of that personality. Just do your best, instead. Hey, if you get a B instead of an A, who cares? You did your best. It is not perfect, but then again, nothing is. Next time, try your best again, and again, and again. The satisfaction of trying your best and succeeding instead of stressing over being perfect is one of the best feelings in the world. Get this into your head; do not try to be perfect, try to be your best. ” Newsletter” Staff Meet the Upward Bound Head of Staff: Ms. Briauna Robinson Editor-In-Chief: Caylee Carey Editors: Lily Vahey, Jordan Lamb Layout Editors: Savannah Rose Serrano, Jazmine Trathen Photographer(s): Caylee Carey, Ibraheem Latifou, Keshaun Moran 2 �Loving Our By Nicholas Kratz World Nature is something that will forever be around us. It’s the beautiful natural world that shows the harsh reality and innocence of life. To us, a branch is a branch, but to a bird, it’s a foundation to their future home. Nature is existential to all of us. It's a fundamental part of every being's livelihood. We may take it for granted, which may be a hard feat to overcome, but it’s internally important for us. We need to start looking at this world through a different lens. Our eyes. It takes only a minute to bask in the world and enjoy it. There’s beauty in everything around us. Beauty is what our planet is founded on; even some things that people may declare “ugly” are still beautiful because it’s what our world made. Looking outside your window is a menial task which can benefit us greatly. To look out into the wild world and see what’s around us. Simply looking upon the horizon with a smile can bring fortune into our life. So I urge you to look at our world with shining eyes! It’s a beautiful sight to see. The bright green grass flowing through the wind of summer, the fallen leaves of fall, the bright snow of winter, the blooming flowers of spring. It’s all a part of our natural world. You may hate the bright sun, the heat, the snow, the dark clouds, the constant leaves all on the ground. But internally the concept of renewal is beautiful. Our world is taking that cycle and turning into a new one. It’s all part of a process called life. Our planet grows and changes with us. We’re growing up together. We need to come together and look at our world with the eyes a parent does a child. It’s a simple, naive thing that needs nurturing. It’s up to us as humans living on this planet Earth to treat our planet with the love and respect it deserves and needs. The more we take advantage of it, take it for granted, or simply trash it - the worse we make everything. If we treat our planet with love, it will treat us with love back. Our world won’t amount to anything if we continue to hate each other or the planet. We all need to look into our horizons and make the change. A change that can be a difficult task for us all, but doable nonetheless. We’re not built to last forever, but our planet is. Nothing is easy in life, that’s certain. But going outside to take a walk and taking in the air, or just going outside to read in the summer is a big step. Once you realize the world we’re in through enjoying our planet, YOU can then take the next step towards becoming someone who cares for our planet. I believe we should all take time to appreciate what we have and try to enjoy it. Realizing this first is a difficult shell to break out of. But life is too short to not try. Sooner than we know it, we won’t be around anymore; but if we can establish a strong base within our future generations because we did, then our planet's outcome can look strong. Whether or not we see much change in our lifetime doesn’t mean what we can do is for not. But it means what’s to come: hope, beauty, perseverance. Our planet can endure as long as we can. Change begins within all of our souls. Be a strong person who tries to bring a good change to this world because dooming our future generations will be detrimental for everyone. So next time you’re picking up garbage or recycling or just walking outside and thinking you’re not doing anything.. To the future world, you did everything. We need to come together and look at our world with the eyes a parent does a child. 3 �A Poem By Jevahnie Hernandez Why do we love? We love knowing the pain will come We love when they don’t Why do we love? We love to show our differences We love to feel whole Love is something we can’t control Love comes with tears, pain and lies But true love? True love causes happiness through your darkest times This type of love doesn't have to be towards another person True love comes when you accept yourself When that happens, it will never leave Colorful? By Jazmine Trathen Not all beautiful things are colorful Sometimes, the dark is more beautiful 4 Pretty Flower By Jazmine Trathen Be a pretty flower they say but even pretty flowers get old and fade away, until they are nothing but a memory. �Meet Some UB Students! Written and Coordinated by Lily Vahey It is always important to feel comfortable when considering entering or supporting a program or group. The best way is to get to know the people already in it! Every student in Upward Bound Wilkes University is a high school teenager around Luzerne County with their own interests, lives, and futures, just like every other applicant. Let’s introduce you to some of our future professionals! Sophomore Students Mia Swaditch- Likes fashion and hair trends. Charisma Mosely- Wants a career in business finance. Aniyah McGill-Racine- Likes Tame Impala Harmoney Hughes- Says Upward Bound (UB) is helpful and encouraging. Photo accessed from iStock John Fronczek- Enjoys the revival of Minecraft’s online presence. Anonymous Student 1- Likes Taylor Swift and does drama club. Jevahnie Hernandez- Says UB is helpful for school and loves singing. junior Students Giovanni Rodriguez- Loves RnB music and the “rizz” internet trend. Zachary Gensel- A volunteer firefighter and likes Bad Bunny. Maleea Rembish- Likes country music and fundraises for Cystic Fibrosis. Brooke Plucas- Says UB is accommodating and thrilling with others. Jaime Wright- Plays volleyball and likes the Tiktok dupe trend. Anonymous Student 2- Plans to be a lawyer and is in Honor Society. Italia Torres-Perez- Learns instruments, other languages, and likes K-pop. Senior Students Jessica Graziano- Career plan is pathology and likes 80s hippie music. Anonymous Student 3- Loved the utter insanity of GameStop stock drama. Joli Dutko- Activities include soccer, drawing, and Honor Society. Michael Andrews- Career plan is engineering and likes Dungeons & Dragons. Anonymous Student 4- Likes video games and alternative/pop/indie music. Andrew Warzynski- Says UB is great for preparing for college. Photo accessed from iStock 5 �A UB Student’s Take on Colorism By Giselle Aguilar Whilst there are many different types of discrimination, a big one that gets ignored daily is colorism, or sometimes referred to as, “shadeism.” Colorism is a form of racism happening within cultural communities where people are prejudiced against another person’s skin color. Our society overlooks the effects colorism could have on a person, just as much as any form of racism often is. This is especially seen in communities where races are intertwined and, what many other people call, “mixed” their race with another. Within these communities of people, it is not unheard of for someone of two different races to be not able to fit into either one; even more so if their skin color isn’t seen as a “perfect shade” according to the standards of said races. “Beautiful, caramel skin” is the standard many Hispanics/ Latinos have placed upon themselves. Within this community of people, if you’re too dark, you’re often looked down upon for being dark skinned. Sadly enough, having a darker skin complexion in certain communities can mean you’re ugly. In these certain cases, the person you truly are doesn’t seem to matter when it comes to your beauty. The same could be said for light skinned people in a culture where they don’t meet the expectations. No one should have to prove their own race to society itself, especially to their own culture. No one should have to prove their own race to society itself, especially to their own culture. In retrospect, more light should be shared on colorism within our own communities. It is important to recognize this as soon as possible so we can begin the process to improve ourselves as a society. We shouldn’t base our standards of being any race based on one’s skin color, nor should we let it determine one’s beauty. At the end of the day, a person’s value and worth should not be determined by their skin color, especially in their own ethnic group. Photo accessed from iStock 6 ��Our 2023 Spring Trip to... The Baltimore Inner Harbor 8 �Upward Bo supportiv und is a fun, e progra educatio m for tee to colleg nagers h nal, e. They ea also pro summer p vide a fa ding rogram. I’ ntastic m this year and I’m ve graduating from there ry p because w hen my m roud of myself. Mo stly om show about this ed me the program p aper one day, I sign up be was hesit cause I am a n t s point, I hadn’t ex hy. To be honest, a to t p t e h r is ienced so this prog ram ever, mething like but yet I s till signed up! It turned out to be the summer p rogram w best thing for me. The as enjoyed it ! You mee awesome and I re ally t new frie a lot of he nds and lpful info le r arn matio back and not sure a n. If you’re holding bout s DON’T BE igning up… Think ab !!! out your f u t u r e and w things ca hat good n come fr om signin g up. An U B Letter Written b y Keshaun Moran Community Service Project Spring 2023 9 �Who is Behind Upward Bound? By Jessica Graziano Ms.Abraham, the current Director of Upward Bound, was an Upward Bound Wilkes University alumni and Mansfield Trio alumni. She has worked to aid several other TRIO programs, and joinedUpward Bound Wilkes University, all to help students on a closer level. She is working towards making change within the program, to further enhance the student experience and set them up to success at a college ready level. Mrs.Abraham hopes to have an area on campus solely for Upward Bound students to feel comfortable. Ms.Robinson, the Academic Coordinator of Upward Bound, was actually also an Upward Bound Wilkes University alumni, class of 2018. She became a TC, Tutor Counselor, for the summer program unexpectedly, and enjoyed the atmosphere and cause of the program. She has since been honored to help the young minds of Upward Bound, and enjoys seeing the brilliance of their thoughts. Ms.Robinson wishes to amplify the students thoughts and ideas, and help students have a say in the world around us. Thus, giving students a strong sense of self and understanding of the paths college, and beyond, has to offer. Mr.Murphy, the College Coordinator of Upward Bound, is the third alumni of the Upward Bound Wilkes University program on staff, graduating as the class of 2016. He stayed with Wilkes and the program throughout college. After being a TC in the summer program, he applied to Upward Bound as a staff member. Since then Mr.Murphy has been, as he says, “in the progress of changing the world” through the Upward Bound program. Yielding time, he aids in making this program beneficial for the students, socially and academically. Mr.Murphy hopes to one day have a dedicated space for the Upward Bound students on campus with more resources to aid students in need. Mrs.Nolan, the Office Coordinator of Upward Bound, is the only staff member who is not an Upward Bound, nor TRIO, alumni. However, she had had a long career at General Hospital, in Wilkes-Barre, before joining the Upward Bound Program at Wilkes University. Mrs.Nolan yields time to the program for the students to be able to succeed and bloom during their time with UB. Mrs.Nolan helps students have a good understanding of college prep in the sense of communication and growth as people. She hopes to offer the program to a larger demographic of students, to thus be able to help a larger quantity of students. 10 Photo accessed from iStock �Catch up with Upward Bound Visit to PennState Wilkes-Barre and their sss program ! See More on Page 19 November 2022 11 ��Parental Control By Hayley Harris Growing up is realizing your parents were never the bad guys. They didn’t make you stay at home to torture you. Your parents wanted you safe and all they knew was the world around us was and still is always changing in dangerous ways but inside the house is safe. As your guardians they are responsible for school so of course they won’t let you skip. They didn’t take your stuff to make it feel like you were dying. Your mother took the stuff you liked to teach you a lesson and keep you from being spoiled. A child not disciplined in some way will be spoiled and always think they are right. These are the same kids that are told “if you have nothing nice to say don’t say anything at all”. They will play the victim and try to blame everything going wrong in their life on their parents. Only you control your life and have the power to fix or change it in any way. Your parents are only there to guide you and be there when you need them. From your first steps to dropping you off at college every moment is meaningful to them. They teach you to walk it off when you get hit with a softball. Parents always have the same phrase growing up, “kill them with kindness”, because as an adult you need to be able to let go of what others say. The only opinion of yourself that matters is your own. “You can not love others if you don’t love yourself ”. If your mood is terrible, you’re going to Photo accessed from iStock reflect that on others. Friends come and go but that is no reason to push them away faster. The only person that will stay in your life, indefinitely, is yourself. There is always a possibility that someone will leave. As a kid you get your hopes up, as an adult you let your hopes fade away. As a teenager you think you know the world around you but you don’t. You don’t know anything yet. Nothing about bills or taxes. The stress of making it on your own without your parents to cradle you. If you run back to them, you’ll be a failure. As a young adult you learn to cope with failure and often find yourself wishing to get those younger years back. Quietly wishing to yourself that you never wished to age faster. If you fall and lay Life throws things at you but what you do about it there waiting determines your life. If you fall and lay there waiting for someone to pick you up, you’re never going to be independent. for someone You’re never going to want to be anything or make anything of to pick you up, yourself. You have to want something of yourself. In this world you have to work for everything. you’re never Your parents sheltered you from the world. That was going to be the worst thing they could have done. This world that we live in is dangerous. It makes you quiver in fear thinking in just a independent. year we’ll be thrown into this world. 13 �Thunderstorm Kooth Mental Health By Jazmine Trathen By Jordan Lamb Over the past 10 years, mental health concerns have risen by 40% in young adults across America. More and more every year, teens are reporting experiencing depression, anxiety, hopelessness, loneliness, and suicidal ideation. Kooth is an online mental health service that originated in the UK. This service, specifically designed for youth mental health support, is now becoming available to students across Pennsylvania. This will allow middle and high school students to access articles, forums, and chat-based therapy via the Kooth website. Kooth focuses on individual-first services for mental health, with a database that allows for a personalized experience to help anyone with a wide variety of needs. Additionally, Kooth is completely anonymous, and available to any middle or high school student. If you could benefit from Kooth’s services, go to us.kooth.com to create an account. It’s a completely free, user-friendly tool that is both safe and confidential. Take initiative with your mental health and sign up for Kooth today! Butterfly..Angel..Demon By Jazmine Trathen Fly Even if your wing is broken, Even if your lungs can’t hold anymore air, Even if you feel numb, Even if the rain stays and the sun never comes back out, Even when you are down on your knees, Fly; so high that they will be damned if they forget Your will to fight But never let it go to your head So Fly, My butterfly; My angel; My demon Whichever you are; Fly Because the sun can’t shine without rain And flowers can’t grow without water. 14 The rain falling faster and faster My mind was at ease It's quiet; peaceful; it's dangerous Because it’s so addicting The quiet and the peacefulness Come knocking on my windows; Begging to be let in; to be heard But yet I can't seem to get passed The gray and white skies; like a tie-dye Bleeding, bleeding together Now the sky doesn't seem so scary It seems at peace With the storms It’s created Her Storm By Jazmine Trathen Her story is not as over as she thinks It's just begun The storm isn’t yet over but the sun is starting to shine; Through the dark clouds, The rain has stopped For the time being; you see no tears in her eyes But yet they hold her story, Her storm, Her dark secrets That the world around her can’t see. �What’s it like being a Cyber Student in 2023? By David Howell Photo accessed from PBS Education During the third quarter of the 2022-2023 school year, I decided that my best course of action would be to switch to full time cyber. I chose this option because I felt like I was alone in my classes. I felt like I didn't have any friends, and that my courses were too boring to sit through. I also wanted the opportunity to get a full time job, because my parents were having trouble paying their bills. Many people have better reasons for switching to cyber, but those were mine. Now to answer the question, What is it like to be a cyber student in 2023? Well, it straight up sucks! Point blank. Let me clarify- If you have the patience and fortitude to sit through hours of school work in a lonely dark room, cyber provides you just the right amount of brain candy to do so; but, if you're someone like me, then expect to be open-jawed at the amount of work they expect you to do. The program my school uses for cyber is called “Edgenuity.” They use very old videos to teach you “modern” topics. By “very old” I mean very old. The webcam quality is about 140,p and the mics sound like they've been waterboarded. To prove the age of the videos used, let me provide you with an example… In one of my lessons, the woman in the video was talking about gothic architecture. As an example of one of these buildings, she pulled up a picture of Notre Dame. She then went on to say that the building still stands perfectly today. Notre Dame burnt down in 2019! Now that might not seem “old”, but remember that a fire took place almost 5 years ago at this cathedral. the videos, and their lessons, haven't been updated for at least 5 years. So I cannot help but ask - How am I supposed to learn modern world history when the videos were filmed before I was born? So - Would I recommend cyber to a dear friend? Depends. I wouldn't say cyber doesn’t offer anything, because it offers the most difficult classes I have ever taken in my highschool career. At the same time though, with no teachers present, I can’t really say all your questions are answered. Will I ever take cyber again? Maybe. I did make a lot of money from working my job, and I had much more time to take care of and enjoy myself, but I never felt like I truly learned my material. If I had to say one final thing, it would be that I enjoyed my time in cyber and I learned a lot about myself. If you ever get the chance, you should try it for yourself to see if you like it or not. 15 �Clean Your Community By Kayla Nash 16 When regarding the word pollution, the minds of people correlate this word with the thought of global warming. Global warming is a phenomenon that is a severe consequence to the air pollution that occurs in our world, but other forms and outcomes of pollution aren't taken into account as promptly. Though all pollution is not something that we, as a community, can overlook, many choose to entirely disregard it because it doesn’t concern them. But how can this pollution not concern you if it is occurring right in front of you? One of the major forms of pollution in our community can be seen on the ground we walk on or in most cases drive on: land pollution. People of our community shrug off the image of the trash and waste that is dumped by others, turning a blind eye. They often believe since they are not the ones committing the action of littering and dumping their trash that the pollution happening isn't their responsibility. Though this isn't true. Our community is directly responsible for letting the waste sit and accumulate with more people contributing towards it since no repercussions are given. By ignoring the pollution, you are actively taking a role in letting our planet and community become dirty and even producing bacterial diseases if left neglected. Many individuals have achieved the mindset to play their part by not littering or discarding their waste in orderly fashion. Though this is a step that the plants, animals, and fellow members of our community can appreciate, we shouldn’t stop at these actions. Help our community become as beautiful as it was originally given Photo taken by Kayla Nash in Hanover Twp. to us without all the wrappers and plastic thrown on the ground that supplies us with nature and a food source to us and other beings on the planet we share. Take action with your community to help return the home we inhabit to its prior state and get back the pristine environment as it once was. Keep the pollution from becoming irreversible and recycle the materials that you can. Maintaining sanitary conditions can positively impact not only the environment, but also the people and things that we share it with. Though this task may seem tedious, it isn’t much different from cleaning your own home. There are days when people, especially parents, may feel the burden of cleaning up after oneself or others. However, it still needs to be done. The task of the dreadful cleaning of your home may not be a weekly occurrence, but it still takes place to an extent every day by picking up trash left behind or dishes from a tasty meal. Helping maintain the cleanliness that you have in your home to the community that your home dwells in. By cleaning up litter and waste that nature man leaves polluting the land, air, and water, we can showcase our beautiful community to anyone that passes by or perhaps stays some time. With a clean environment, we can feel good going into the world every morning with a fresh outlook for our everyday goals we have for ourselves. Photo taken by Kayla Nash in Hanover Twp. �Wrong Time Period By Jazmine Trathen This life isn't for everyone as they say, As I sit with my phone writing and listening to all the poems that fill my head. I daydream if I had been born in another time; Would that life be more for me? I suppose I could thrive better there, I'm talking about the time when they wore long skirts and puffy shirts that make you look like a queen; Where the dresses were so elegant and pure. The times when you're mother would wake you up in the morning with breakfast and you have to walk to school, When there was only one teacher to teach you all the major subjects you needed. The time when every girl wore dresses to class just to show off how beautiful they were. The time when there was a take notice board, and where there weren't any phones nor anything like that. Where it was just you and your books, I would so love to be born in that time when the crease of this reality wasn't even thought of. Where every song had a bigger meaning than what it was to give, And where love was so beautiful and pure. I could thrive in a time like that but here in this reality unfortunately I was born; in this reality where no one is meant to thrive. So how does one survive in this unsurvivable time where no one was meant to thrive and live like there's no tomorrow? A Lost Parent By Jazmine Trathen I do not understand, I never thought of losing a parent so young. Nor, did I want to; But now seeing how cruel this world is for taking you away. Why must life take you? I'm only 16.. I've had more death than I can count; But yours will be the most painful. I will miss you; I don't think life will be the same without you're beautiful soul mom And I'll forever miss our music sessions in the car. R.I.P Mom 2/27/22 My guardian angel, that was taken too soon… Snow By Jazmine Trathen The moon, on the snow, brings life To those who feel less of the living A breath of the snowy air Is freeing to my troubled soul Snow is sound canceling to; our messy heads But even when there’s snow there’s happiness even if it Leaves as fast as it came Breathe; relax; it’s okay Life isn’t always as it seems but remember only you Stops. You 17 �Resource accessed from ArkansasNext.com 18 �Catch up with Upward Bound December 2022 A Night on the Square 19 �Michael Andrews Aniah Austin Katherin Brito Samera Buchanan Jun Jie Cao Caylee Carey Connor Carey Joli Dutko Aleica Francisco-Peralta Camila Garcia Jessica Graziano Jordan Lamb Aiyannah Lewis Emma Lewis Ariana Martinez Jayla McCloe Keshaun Moran Cody Muller Sean Murphy Isibelle Nash Mission Statement The Upward Bound program at Wilkes University is a Federal TRIO Program that provides the framework for college success through individualized academic and personal services for potential first-generation college bound high school students in Luzerne County who prove a financial need. Fall Office Hours Monday - Friday: 8:30 am - 4:30 pm Saturday & Sunday: Not in Office Conyngham Hall, Wilkes University 130 S River St, Wilkes-Barre, PA 18766 Important Fall Dates September 21st October 12th November 23rd December 7th 20 First Day of Fall Classes! NO CLASSES - Fall Break NO CLASSES- Thanksgiving Last Day of Fall Classes! Gavin Nichols Tamia Oliver Jessica Phares Sarah Pugliese Kayla Rhodes Sav Rose Serrano Ashley Shorts Noah St. Clair Andrew Warzynski Class of 2023 & Vision To be Wilkes University’s prominent face of precollege success; to formulate and establish innovative partnerships in the community, so that the horizons of our students broaden and college retention improves Contact the Upward Bound Office with any questions or inquiries! Office Coordinator, Sharon Nolan sharon.nolan@wilkes.edu (570)408-4230 � https://omeka.wilkes.edu/omeka/files/original/66e834a6b9fc72d9bfc8dc2e5597f75e.pdf 2b6824d9b5cca167e4bdc496a3676dce PDF Text Text Upward Bound NEWSLETTER Spring Edition - 2023 Careers Can Change! By Sav Rose Serrano Featured... What career did you want to have as a child? What career do you want to have now? Oftentimes, they will Trying to Be the Perfect Student not be the same. People often change their career choices Loving Our World as much as 5-7 times throughout their life. It is also What Is It Like To Be A Cyber a possibility that you don’t know what career path to Student in 2023 choose. Regardless of where you are at in your journey, do not fret, your only goal is to choose a path that you SAT & ACT Test Taking Tips will enjoy. A UB Student’s Take on Our career options can change with us as we Colorism develop new interests. As a child, you may like math and Parental Control decide to be an accountant. However, as an adult, you Meet the UB Students may realize you have a passion for medicine, and choose Student Written Poetry a path to become a doctor. Going through life gives you different experiences and exposure to new fields and & so much more... ideas. It is only natural that you may want to change your career to something you’re more passionate about and that’s better suited to your interests. Sometimes, careers can be chosen based on your individual skills as well. Just as with the previous example, if you are good with math, you may choose to become an accountant, because your skills are best suited for that job. While you may still appreciate medicine, you could always study it as a hobby. It is also important to note that job availability and finances can affect how you choose a path. In any case, you should be encouraged to change career paths as often as you need to make sure you are building yourself a bright and happy future. Changing career paths shouldn’t be viewed as being indecisive, but rather as a growth opportunity for your potential into a field that is suited for you. Photo accessed from ShutterStock 1 �Trying to be the Perfect Student By Giovanni Rodriguez Listen. Do you find yourself overworking because you want to have perfect grades? Maybe you ask your friends about what they did on an assignment and they said they basically did the bare minimum and earned a 100. However, you tried your hardest on that assignment and completely stressed over it to get the same score. You received that 100, but then it does not satisfy you because everyone else received the same grade without all of the effort . Well, my friends, I can relate. Ever since elementary school, I have always been a straight A student. School has usually come easy to me, so maintaining those grades has never been a problem. Having this image for so long, it is a habit to use everything in my power to keep myself as the “perfect student.” If my English teacher asked for a five page minimum essay, I would give them ten. If my math teacher wants to see my work, I will give them every single step of that problem. It just goes on and on… and it just gets more and more stressful everyday. So, why do I , and people like me, give the maximum effort when the minimum effort is rewarded equally? This is the question that I have asked myself over and over. That is when I figured it out, and maybe this will help save you from this cycle too. I saved myself from this mentality with one simple thought,one simple solution,one simple question: I asked myself, “what is perfection?” It does not exist. Nothing can be perfect. Everything in the world has at least one flaw. I could not expect myself to be perfect. There is a difference between trying your best, and trying to be perfect. The “trying to be perfect” mentality is toxic. It is a poison. Get rid of that personality. Just do your best, instead. Hey, if you get a B instead of an A, who cares? You did your best. It is not perfect, but then again, nothing is. Next time, try your best again, and again, and again. The satisfaction of trying your best and succeeding instead of stressing over being perfect is one of the best feelings in the world. Get this into your head; do not try to be perfect, try to be your best. ” Newsletter” Staff Meet the Upward Bound Head of Staff: Ms. Briauna Robinson Editor-In-Chief: Caylee Carey Editors: Lily Vahey, Jordan Lamb Layout Editors: Savannah Rose Serrano, Jazmine Trathen Photographer(s): Caylee Carey, Ibraheem Latifou, Keshaun Moran 2 �Loving Our By Nicholas Kratz World Nature is something that will forever be around us. It’s the beautiful natural world that shows the harsh reality and innocence of life. To us, a branch is a branch, but to a bird, it’s a foundation to their future home. Nature is existential to all of us. It's a fundamental part of every being's livelihood. We may take it for granted, which may be a hard feat to overcome, but it’s internally important for us. We need to start looking at this world through a different lens. Our eyes. It takes only a minute to bask in the world and enjoy it. There’s beauty in everything around us. Beauty is what our planet is founded on; even some things that people may declare “ugly” are still beautiful because it’s what our world made. Looking outside your window is a menial task which can benefit us greatly. To look out into the wild world and see what’s around us. Simply looking upon the horizon with a smile can bring fortune into our life. So I urge you to look at our world with shining eyes! It’s a beautiful sight to see. The bright green grass flowing through the wind of summer, the fallen leaves of fall, the bright snow of winter, the blooming flowers of spring. It’s all a part of our natural world. You may hate the bright sun, the heat, the snow, the dark clouds, the constant leaves all on the ground. But internally the concept of renewal is beautiful. Our world is taking that cycle and turning into a new one. It’s all part of a process called life. Our planet grows and changes with us. We’re growing up together. We need to come together and look at our world with the eyes a parent does a child. It’s a simple, naive thing that needs nurturing. It’s up to us as humans living on this planet Earth to treat our planet with the love and respect it deserves and needs. The more we take advantage of it, take it for granted, or simply trash it - the worse we make everything. If we treat our planet with love, it will treat us with love back. Our world won’t amount to anything if we continue to hate each other or the planet. We all need to look into our horizons and make the change. A change that can be a difficult task for us all, but doable nonetheless. We’re not built to last forever, but our planet is. Nothing is easy in life, that’s certain. But going outside to take a walk and taking in the air, or just going outside to read in the summer is a big step. Once you realize the world we’re in through enjoying our planet, YOU can then take the next step towards becoming someone who cares for our planet. I believe we should all take time to appreciate what we have and try to enjoy it. Realizing this first is a difficult shell to break out of. But life is too short to not try. Sooner than we know it, we won’t be around anymore; but if we can establish a strong base within our future generations because we did, then our planet's outcome can look strong. Whether or not we see much change in our lifetime doesn’t mean what we can do is for not. But it means what’s to come: hope, beauty, perseverance. Our planet can endure as long as we can. Change begins within all of our souls. Be a strong person who tries to bring a good change to this world because dooming our future generations will be detrimental for everyone. So next time you’re picking up garbage or recycling or just walking outside and thinking you’re not doing anything.. To the future world, you did everything. We need to come together and look at our world with the eyes a parent does a child. 3 �A Poem By Jevahnie Hernandez Why do we love? We love knowing the pain will come We love when they don’t Why do we love? We love to show our differences We love to feel whole Love is something we can’t control Love comes with tears, pain and lies But true love? True love causes happiness through your darkest times This type of love doesn't have to be towards another person True love comes when you accept yourself When that happens, it will never leave Colorful? By Jazmine Trathen Not all beautiful things are colorful Sometimes, the dark is more beautiful 4 Pretty Flower By Jazmine Trathen Be a pretty flower they say but even pretty flowers get old and fade away, until they are nothing but a memory. �Meet Some UB Students! Written and Coordinated by Lily Vahey It is always important to feel comfortable when considering entering or supporting a program or group. The best way is to get to know the people already in it! Every student in Upward Bound Wilkes University is a high school teenager around Luzerne County with their own interests, lives, and futures, just like every other applicant. Let’s introduce you to some of our future professionals! Sophomore Students Mia Swaditch- Likes fashion and hair trends. Charisma Mosely- Wants a career in business finance. Aniyah McGill-Racine- Likes Tame Impala Harmoney Hughes- Says Upward Bound (UB) is helpful and encouraging. Photo accessed from iStock John Fronczek- Enjoys the revival of Minecraft’s online presence. Anonymous Student 1- Likes Taylor Swift and does drama club. Jevahnie Hernandez- Says UB is helpful for school and loves singing. junior Students Giovanni Rodriguez- Loves RnB music and the “rizz” internet trend. Zachary Gensel- A volunteer firefighter and likes Bad Bunny. Maleea Rembish- Likes country music and fundraises for Cystic Fibrosis. Brooke Plucas- Says UB is accommodating and thrilling with others. Jaime Wright- Plays volleyball and likes the Tiktok dupe trend. Anonymous Student 2- Plans to be a lawyer and is in Honor Society. Italia Torres-Perez- Learns instruments, other languages, and likes K-pop. Senior Students Jessica Graziano- Career plan is pathology and likes 80s hippie music. Anonymous Student 3- Loved the utter insanity of GameStop stock drama. Joli Dutko- Activities include soccer, drawing, and Honor Society. Michael Andrews- Career plan is engineering and likes Dungeons & Dragons. Anonymous Student 4- Likes video games and alternative/pop/indie music. Andrew Warzynski- Says UB is great for preparing for college. Photo accessed from iStock 5 �A UB Student’s Take on Colorism By Giselle Aguilar Whilst there are many different types of discrimination, a big one that gets ignored daily is colorism, or sometimes referred to as, “shadeism.” Colorism is a form of racism happening within cultural communities where people are prejudiced against another person’s skin color. Our society overlooks the effects colorism could have on a person, just as much as any form of racism often is. This is especially seen in communities where races are intertwined and, what many other people call, “mixed” their race with another. Within these communities of people, it is not unheard of for someone of two different races to be not able to fit into either one; even more so if their skin color isn’t seen as a “perfect shade” according to the standards of said races. “Beautiful, caramel skin” is the standard many Hispanics/ Latinos have placed upon themselves. Within this community of people, if you’re too dark, you’re often looked down upon for being dark skinned. Sadly enough, having a darker skin complexion in certain communities can mean you’re ugly. In these certain cases, the person you truly are doesn’t seem to matter when it comes to your beauty. The same could be said for light skinned people in a culture where they don’t meet the expectations. No one should have to prove their own race to society itself, especially to their own culture. No one should have to prove their own race to society itself, especially to their own culture. In retrospect, more light should be shared on colorism within our own communities. It is important to recognize this as soon as possible so we can begin the process to improve ourselves as a society. We shouldn’t base our standards of being any race based on one’s skin color, nor should we let it determine one’s beauty. At the end of the day, a person’s value and worth should not be determined by their skin color, especially in their own ethnic group. Photo accessed from iStock 6 ��Our 2023 Spring Trip to... The Baltimore Inner Harbor 8 �Upward Bo supportiv und is a fun, e progra educatio m for tee to colleg nagers h nal, e. They ea also pro summer p vide a fa ding rogram. I’ ntastic m this year and I’m ve graduating from there ry p because w hen my m roud of myself. Mo stly om show about this ed me the program p aper one day, I sign up be was hesit cause I am a n t s point, I hadn’t ex hy. To be honest, a to t p t e h r is ienced so this prog ram ever, mething like but yet I s till signed up! It turned out to be the summer p rogram w best thing for me. The as enjoyed it ! You mee awesome and I re ally t new frie a lot of he nds and lpful info le r arn matio back and not sure a n. If you’re holding bout s DON’T BE igning up… Think ab !!! out your f u t u r e and w things ca hat good n come fr om signin g up. An U B Letter Written b y Keshaun Moran Community Service Project Spring 2023 9 �Who is Behind Upward Bound? By Jessica Graziano Ms.Abraham, the current Director of Upward Bound, was an Upward Bound Wilkes University alumni and Mansfield Trio alumni. She has worked to aid several other TRIO programs, and joinedUpward Bound Wilkes University, all to help students on a closer level. She is working towards making change within the program, to further enhance the student experience and set them up to success at a college ready level. Mrs.Abraham hopes to have an area on campus solely for Upward Bound students to feel comfortable. Ms.Robinson, the Academic Coordinator of Upward Bound, was actually also an Upward Bound Wilkes University alumni, class of 2018. She became a TC, Tutor Counselor, for the summer program unexpectedly, and enjoyed the atmosphere and cause of the program. She has since been honored to help the young minds of Upward Bound, and enjoys seeing the brilliance of their thoughts. Ms.Robinson wishes to amplify the students thoughts and ideas, and help students have a say in the world around us. Thus, giving students a strong sense of self and understanding of the paths college, and beyond, has to offer. Mr.Murphy, the College Coordinator of Upward Bound, is the third alumni of the Upward Bound Wilkes University program on staff, graduating as the class of 2016. He stayed with Wilkes and the program throughout college. After being a TC in the summer program, he applied to Upward Bound as a staff member. Since then Mr.Murphy has been, as he says, “in the progress of changing the world” through the Upward Bound program. Yielding time, he aids in making this program beneficial for the students, socially and academically. Mr.Murphy hopes to one day have a dedicated space for the Upward Bound students on campus with more resources to aid students in need. Mrs.Nolan, the Office Coordinator of Upward Bound, is the only staff member who is not an Upward Bound, nor TRIO, alumni. However, she had had a long career at General Hospital, in Wilkes-Barre, before joining the Upward Bound Program at Wilkes University. Mrs.Nolan yields time to the program for the students to be able to succeed and bloom during their time with UB. Mrs.Nolan helps students have a good understanding of college prep in the sense of communication and growth as people. She hopes to offer the program to a larger demographic of students, to thus be able to help a larger quantity of students. 10 Photo accessed from iStock �Catch up with Upward Bound Visit to PennState Wilkes-Barre and their sss program ! See More on Page 19 November 2022 11 ��Parental Control By Hayley Harris Growing up is realizing your parents were never the bad guys. They didn’t make you stay at home to torture you. Your parents wanted you safe and all they knew was the world around us was and still is always changing in dangerous ways but inside the house is safe. As your guardians they are responsible for school so of course they won’t let you skip. They didn’t take your stuff to make it feel like you were dying. Your mother took the stuff you liked to teach you a lesson and keep you from being spoiled. A child not disciplined in some way will be spoiled and always think they are right. These are the same kids that are told “if you have nothing nice to say don’t say anything at all”. They will play the victim and try to blame everything going wrong in their life on their parents. Only you control your life and have the power to fix or change it in any way. Your parents are only there to guide you and be there when you need them. From your first steps to dropping you off at college every moment is meaningful to them. They teach you to walk it off when you get hit with a softball. Parents always have the same phrase growing up, “kill them with kindness”, because as an adult you need to be able to let go of what others say. The only opinion of yourself that matters is your own. “You can not love others if you don’t love yourself ”. If your mood is terrible, you’re going to Photo accessed from iStock reflect that on others. Friends come and go but that is no reason to push them away faster. The only person that will stay in your life, indefinitely, is yourself. There is always a possibility that someone will leave. As a kid you get your hopes up, as an adult you let your hopes fade away. As a teenager you think you know the world around you but you don’t. You don’t know anything yet. Nothing about bills or taxes. The stress of making it on your own without your parents to cradle you. If you run back to them, you’ll be a failure. As a young adult you learn to cope with failure and often find yourself wishing to get those younger years back. Quietly wishing to yourself that you never wished to age faster. If you fall and lay Life throws things at you but what you do about it there waiting determines your life. If you fall and lay there waiting for someone to pick you up, you’re never going to be independent. for someone You’re never going to want to be anything or make anything of to pick you up, yourself. You have to want something of yourself. In this world you have to work for everything. you’re never Your parents sheltered you from the world. That was going to be the worst thing they could have done. This world that we live in is dangerous. It makes you quiver in fear thinking in just a independent. year we’ll be thrown into this world. 13 �Thunderstorm Kooth Mental Health By Jazmine Trathen By Jordan Lamb Over the past 10 years, mental health concerns have risen by 40% in young adults across America. More and more every year, teens are reporting experiencing depression, anxiety, hopelessness, loneliness, and suicidal ideation. Kooth is an online mental health service that originated in the UK. This service, specifically designed for youth mental health support, is now becoming available to students across Pennsylvania. This will allow middle and high school students to access articles, forums, and chat-based therapy via the Kooth website. Kooth focuses on individual-first services for mental health, with a database that allows for a personalized experience to help anyone with a wide variety of needs. Additionally, Kooth is completely anonymous, and available to any middle or high school student. If you could benefit from Kooth’s services, go to us.kooth.com to create an account. It’s a completely free, user-friendly tool that is both safe and confidential. Take initiative with your mental health and sign up for Kooth today! Butterfly..Angel..Demon By Jazmine Trathen Fly Even if your wing is broken, Even if your lungs can’t hold anymore air, Even if you feel numb, Even if the rain stays and the sun never comes back out, Even when you are down on your knees, Fly; so high that they will be damned if they forget Your will to fight But never let it go to your head So Fly, My butterfly; My angel; My demon Whichever you are; Fly Because the sun can’t shine without rain And flowers can’t grow without water. 14 The rain falling faster and faster My mind was at ease It's quiet; peaceful; it's dangerous Because it’s so addicting The quiet and the peacefulness Come knocking on my windows; Begging to be let in; to be heard But yet I can't seem to get passed The gray and white skies; like a tie-dye Bleeding, bleeding together Now the sky doesn't seem so scary It seems at peace With the storms It’s created Her Storm By Jazmine Trathen Her story is not as over as she thinks It's just begun The storm isn’t yet over but the sun is starting to shine; Through the dark clouds, The rain has stopped For the time being; you see no tears in her eyes But yet they hold her story, Her storm, Her dark secrets That the world around her can’t see. �What’s it like being a Cyber Student in 2023? By David Howell Photo accessed from PBS Education During the third quarter of the 2022-2023 school year, I decided that my best course of action would be to switch to full time cyber. I chose this option because I felt like I was alone in my classes. I felt like I didn't have any friends, and that my courses were too boring to sit through. I also wanted the opportunity to get a full time job, because my parents were having trouble paying their bills. Many people have better reasons for switching to cyber, but those were mine. Now to answer the question, What is it like to be a cyber student in 2023? Well, it straight up sucks! Point blank. Let me clarify- If you have the patience and fortitude to sit through hours of school work in a lonely dark room, cyber provides you just the right amount of brain candy to do so; but, if you're someone like me, then expect to be open-jawed at the amount of work they expect you to do. The program my school uses for cyber is called “Edgenuity.” They use very old videos to teach you “modern” topics. By “very old” I mean very old. The webcam quality is about 140,p and the mics sound like they've been waterboarded. To prove the age of the videos used, let me provide you with an example… In one of my lessons, the woman in the video was talking about gothic architecture. As an example of one of these buildings, she pulled up a picture of Notre Dame. She then went on to say that the building still stands perfectly today. Notre Dame burnt down in 2019! Now that might not seem “old”, but remember that a fire took place almost 5 years ago at this cathedral. the videos, and their lessons, haven't been updated for at least 5 years. So I cannot help but ask - How am I supposed to learn modern world history when the videos were filmed before I was born? So - Would I recommend cyber to a dear friend? Depends. I wouldn't say cyber doesn’t offer anything, because it offers the most difficult classes I have ever taken in my highschool career. At the same time though, with no teachers present, I can’t really say all your questions are answered. Will I ever take cyber again? Maybe. I did make a lot of money from working my job, and I had much more time to take care of and enjoy myself, but I never felt like I truly learned my material. If I had to say one final thing, it would be that I enjoyed my time in cyber and I learned a lot about myself. If you ever get the chance, you should try it for yourself to see if you like it or not. 15 �Clean Your Community By Kayla Nash 16 When regarding the word pollution, the minds of people correlate this word with the thought of global warming. Global warming is a phenomenon that is a severe consequence to the air pollution that occurs in our world, but other forms and outcomes of pollution aren't taken into account as promptly. Though all pollution is not something that we, as a community, can overlook, many choose to entirely disregard it because it doesn’t concern them. But how can this pollution not concern you if it is occurring right in front of you? One of the major forms of pollution in our community can be seen on the ground we walk on or in most cases drive on: land pollution. People of our community shrug off the image of the trash and waste that is dumped by others, turning a blind eye. They often believe since they are not the ones committing the action of littering and dumping their trash that the pollution happening isn't their responsibility. Though this isn't true. Our community is directly responsible for letting the waste sit and accumulate with more people contributing towards it since no repercussions are given. By ignoring the pollution, you are actively taking a role in letting our planet and community become dirty and even producing bacterial diseases if left neglected. Many individuals have achieved the mindset to play their part by not littering or discarding their waste in orderly fashion. Though this is a step that the plants, animals, and fellow members of our community can appreciate, we shouldn’t stop at these actions. Help our community become as beautiful as it was originally given Photo taken by Kayla Nash in Hanover Twp. to us without all the wrappers and plastic thrown on the ground that supplies us with nature and a food source to us and other beings on the planet we share. Take action with your community to help return the home we inhabit to its prior state and get back the pristine environment as it once was. Keep the pollution from becoming irreversible and recycle the materials that you can. Maintaining sanitary conditions can positively impact not only the environment, but also the people and things that we share it with. Though this task may seem tedious, it isn’t much different from cleaning your own home. There are days when people, especially parents, may feel the burden of cleaning up after oneself or others. However, it still needs to be done. The task of the dreadful cleaning of your home may not be a weekly occurrence, but it still takes place to an extent every day by picking up trash left behind or dishes from a tasty meal. Helping maintain the cleanliness that you have in your home to the community that your home dwells in. By cleaning up litter and waste that nature man leaves polluting the land, air, and water, we can showcase our beautiful community to anyone that passes by or perhaps stays some time. With a clean environment, we can feel good going into the world every morning with a fresh outlook for our everyday goals we have for ourselves. Photo taken by Kayla Nash in Hanover Twp. �Wrong Time Period By Jazmine Trathen This life isn't for everyone as they say, As I sit with my phone writing and listening to all the poems that fill my head. I daydream if I had been born in another time; Would that life be more for me? I suppose I could thrive better there, I'm talking about the time when they wore long skirts and puffy shirts that make you look like a queen; Where the dresses were so elegant and pure. The times when you're mother would wake you up in the morning with breakfast and you have to walk to school, When there was only one teacher to teach you all the major subjects you needed. The time when every girl wore dresses to class just to show off how beautiful they were. The time when there was a take notice board, and where there weren't any phones nor anything like that. Where it was just you and your books, I would so love to be born in that time when the crease of this reality wasn't even thought of. Where every song had a bigger meaning than what it was to give, And where love was so beautiful and pure. I could thrive in a time like that but here in this reality unfortunately I was born; in this reality where no one is meant to thrive. So how does one survive in this unsurvivable time where no one was meant to thrive and live like there's no tomorrow? A Lost Parent By Jazmine Trathen I do not understand, I never thought of losing a parent so young. Nor, did I want to; But now seeing how cruel this world is for taking you away. Why must life take you? I'm only 16.. I've had more death than I can count; But yours will be the most painful. I will miss you; I don't think life will be the same without you're beautiful soul mom And I'll forever miss our music sessions in the car. R.I.P Mom 2/27/22 My guardian angel, that was taken too soon… Snow By Jazmine Trathen The moon, on the snow, brings life To those who feel less of the living A breath of the snowy air Is freeing to my troubled soul Snow is sound canceling to; our messy heads But even when there’s snow there’s happiness even if it Leaves as fast as it came Breathe; relax; it’s okay Life isn’t always as it seems but remember only you Stops. You 17 �Resource accessed from ArkansasNext.com 18 �Catch up with Upward Bound December 2022 A Night on the Square 19 �Michael Andrews Aniah Austin Katherin Brito Samera Buchanan Jun Jie Cao Caylee Carey Connor Carey Joli Dutko Aleica Francisco-Peralta Camila Garcia Jessica Graziano Jordan Lamb Aiyannah Lewis Emma Lewis Ariana Martinez Jayla McCloe Keshaun Moran Cody Muller Sean Murphy Isibelle Nash Mission Statement The Upward Bound program at Wilkes University is a Federal TRIO Program that provides the framework for college success through individualized academic and personal services for potential first-generation college bound high school students in Luzerne County who prove a financial need. Fall Office Hours Monday - Friday: 8:30 am - 4:30 pm Saturday & Sunday: Not in Office Conyngham Hall, Wilkes University 130 S River St, Wilkes-Barre, PA 18766 Important Fall Dates September 21st October 12th November 23rd December 7th 20 First Day of Fall Classes! NO CLASSES - Fall Break NO CLASSES- Thanksgiving Last Day of Fall Classes! Gavin Nichols Tamia Oliver Jessica Phares Sarah Pugliese Kayla Rhodes Sav Rose Serrano Ashley Shorts Noah St. Clair Andrew Warzynski Class of 2023 & Vision To be Wilkes University’s prominent face of precollege success; to formulate and establish innovative partnerships in the community, so that the horizons of our students broaden and college retention improves Contact the Upward Bound Office with any questions or inquiries! Office Coordinator, Sharon Nolan sharon.nolan@wilkes.edu (570)408-4230 � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Upward Bound scrapbooks, 1970-2025 Subject The topic of the resource Scrapbooks Description An account of the resource A collection of photo scrapbooks from the Upward Bound program from 1967 to 2025. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Provost's Office Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1967-2025 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource PDF Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Scrapbooks Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Upward Bound Newsletter, Spring 2023 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Upward Bound Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Spring 2023 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource PDF Type The nature or genre of the resource Newsletter https://omeka.wilkes.edu/omeka/files/original/0875dac4a49cb47755e5663b6a33aaa5.pdf 18ea9cf76c499d36f0c006e625126d6a PDF Text Text ���������������������������������������������������� Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Upward Bound scrapbooks, 1970-2025 Subject The topic of the resource Scrapbooks Description An account of the resource A collection of photo scrapbooks from the Upward Bound program from 1967 to 2025. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Provost's Office Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1967-2025 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource PDF Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Scrapbooks Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Upward Bound scrapbook 2023 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Upward Bound Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Summer 2023 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource PDF Type The nature or genre of the resource Scrapbook https://omeka.wilkes.edu/omeka/files/original/c9977ffd3eb1965159242cbfc709b959.pdf 9f2cea7c0996b5d3e0146b9e4fe5962f PDF Text Text r wiLKESuniverse The voice of Wilkes University Alumni J WINTER WINTER 2006 2006 / \\v I Joint bookstore deal called firs of its kind in higher educa SPECIAL REPORT OF GIFTS ISSUE �WINTER 2006 Our Changing Landscape BY DR.TIM GILMOUR, WILKES UNIVERSITY PRESIDENT ORTHOSE OF YOU WHO VISITTHE WILKES CAMPUS, I'M SURE YOU'LL NOTICE the significant improvements to our beautiful university grounds and revitalized downtown. The Wilkes University Board of Trustees dedicated alumni and regional leaders are working hard to improve the campus and downtown business district. If you haven’t visited recently you should see what you are missing! In the meantime, take a minute to read | the cover and feature stories in this issue to gain an understanding of the | latest developments. £ The feature story on the new pergola demonstrates the impact an alumnus can have on the landscape of Wilkes University. Clayton Karambelas ’49 and his wonderful wife, Theresa, should be commended for their unique contribution of a Greek pergola that will soon grace the Greenway next to the Alumni House. This wonderful tribute will be enjoyed for generations by students and alumni. For all of us here in Wilkes-Barre, the wait for a downtown bookstore has taken a decade. But the presence of a Barnes & Noble College Superstore near Public Square on South Main Street was worth the wait. It is everything we had hoped for. With 20,000 square feet of retail space, this academic superstore will serve students from King’s College, Luzerne County Community College and Wilkes University as well as theater-goers, shoppers and others looking to reignite downtown nightlife. Wilkes could not have done this alone. Without close collaboration with our friends at King’s, and without the assistance of the Greater Wilkes-Barre Chamber of Business and Industry and the city and county governments, this wonderful development would not have materialized. This is the first time that two colleges have collaborated with Barnes & Noble to jointly operate a bookstore anywhere in the U.S. It shows a commitment to think in new ways so we can best serve our students and our community. I hope it is just the beginning of innovative ways to improve student services and to lower the costs of doing business. This issue of Universe also includes the Report of Gifts for 2005-2006. You will find hundreds of names of alumni who, over the years, have supported students through generous giving to scholarships and general fund needs. 1 want to personally thank each and ever}' one of you for your support. We should all be pleased that Wilkes has raised SI million more this year than two years ago. To reach our goal of becoming a premier university in the Mid I 1 Atlantic Region, we will need everyone’s continued support. The Report of Gifts also shows that Wilkes University raised 5100,000 for student scholarships from local businesses and corporations in support of the Jay S. Sidhu School of Business and Leadership “Outstanding Leadership Fund. Hope to see you on campus soon. L! I WILKES UNIVERSITY President Dr. Tim Gilmour VP for Development Manin Williams Features UNIVERSE EDITORIAL STAFF Cover Story: Executive Director, Marketing Communications Jack Chielli 12 Barnes & Noble becomes joint bookstore for Wilkes and King’s Associate Director, Marketing Communications Christine (Tondrick) Seitzinger '98 Sports Editor John Seitzinger Contributing Writers Kimberly Bower-Spence CindyTaren M'07 Julie Uehara Emily Vincent Layout/Design Quest Fore Spotlight: 16 Karambelas’ gift beautifies campus Sections ALUMNI RELATIONS STAFF Executive Director Sandra Sarno Carroll 2 Association News Associate Director Michelle Diskin '95 5 Development News Alumni Services Manager Nancy A. Weeks 6 On Campus ALUMNI ASSOCIATION BOARD OFFICERS President Colleen Gries Gallagher ‘81 First Vice President George Pawlush '69 Second Vice President Terrence Casey '82 Historian John Pullo’82 Secretary Beth Danner '02 Photography Earl & Sedor Photographic Mark Golaszewski Ryan Spencer Reed Cindy Taren M'07 Curtis Salonick Photography John Seitzinger Michael PTouey Printing Payne Printery, Inc. WINTER 2006 Wilkos University is an independent institution of higher education dedicated to academic end intellectual excellence in the liberal arts, sciences, and professional programs. The university provides its students witn the experience and education necessary for career and intellectual development as well as for personal growth. engenders a sense of valuer, and civic responsibility, and encourages its students to welcome the opportunities and challenges of a diverse and continually changing world The university enhances the tradition of strong student-faculty interactions in all its programs, attracts and retains outstanding people in every segment of the university, and fosters a spirit of cooperation, community involvement, and individual respect within the entire unnvisity. 10 Sports 18 2005-2006 Annual Report of Gifts �associat; news 2006 Homecoming / ■ �ASSociATioNnews DEVELOPMENTIieWS The Colonel Connection Reconnects Old Friends Traffic is brisk on The Colonel Connection, Wilkes' new online community, with more than 32,000 hits logged through September. Most activity so far comes from 1960s and 1970s graduates, related Sandra Carroll, executive director of alumni relations. Millennium alumni also dominate the photo albums, posting plent)' of pictures. If you haven’t visited yet, simply go to http://community.wilkes.edu. Check out the latest University news and alumni events. List an online classified ad. Update fellow alumni on your latest family addition or career advancement. Post pictures of friends and family. Even buy Wilkes merchandise online. “I’m really excited about The Colonel Connection,” said user George Pawlush ’69, vice president of public relations at Greenwich Hospital in Greenwich, Conn, and first vice president of the Alumni Association. “It has potential to greatly improve communications between the University and our alumni. During my Wilkes student days in the late 1960s, I was especially involved in Circle K, which at that time was one of the bigger clubs on campus. Over the Join Wilkes Alumni for BeijingTour Explore Chinas Great Wall and the ancient city of Beijing with fellow Wilkes alumni during an eight-day tour departing March 13, 2007. Fly a kite along the 3,700 miles of the Great Wall as you marvel at this feat of ancient engineering. Visit the infamous Tiananmen Square, the Forbidden City and Summer Palace. Watch locals during their morning Tai Chi at the Temple of Heaven and see the famous pandas at the Beijing Zoo. Navigate narrow streets and alleys in a rickshaw, visit a school and its pupils and meet a local family to learn about their history and way of life. Travel through the Valley of the Ming Tombs and enjoy the Peking Opera. Optional tours include an antique furniture factory where Chinese craftsmen build only with joints, no nails or glue. Or you may choose to visit Xian and the Terra-Cotta Warriors Museum or take part in the last few months through the Circle K subgroup on the Connection, I Circle have been able to reconnect with [ormer fellow club members. For some of these exchanges, it was the first lime we had been in touch in nearly 35 years." SskllTLCeilliectionSints. Hits.............................. ■12,456 AU logins 5,375 Unique logins............ 1,660 Event registrations 414 Career Center Webcards activated..... ..... ....... 169 Class Notes ......... ......... . Friends Lists created ............ 155 Member emails........... ...........232 News articles opened 1,097 Photos (individual) 126 Photo albums ..............47 Group photos ............... 2 In Memory/ln Honor: Emilio A. Marianelli '73 Made a Great Investment Emilio Marianelli ’73 was looking for ways to honor Dr. Umid Nejib, who passed away in 2002 after serving Wilkes for 37 years. Dr. Nejib was a professor of electrical engineering, dean of the school of science and engineering and was responsible for the development and accreditation of the Doctor of Pharmacy program. “Let’s keep Dr. Nejib’s vision and memory fresh for future genera­ tions,” was what Emilio had in mind when he made a generous gift to increase the Nejib Scholarship Fund. The funds of an endowment will never be exhausted. Earnings from these invested funds will provide talented students with a chance to realize their educational dreams. Ninety-seven percent of our undergraduate students receive financial assistance from Wilkes, and this support often makes the difference whether a student can attend or not. Why not follow Marianelli’s lead to increase Wilkes’ endowments when you want to make a gift in memory or in honor of a special person in your life? Learn more by calling the Development Office at 570-408-4300. IRA News:Take Advantage of the New Tax Code Changes In August 2006, President Bush signed into law the Pension Protection Act of 2006. This bill contains a two-year IRA Charitable Rollover provision that will allow people age 70 or older to exclude up to $100,000 from their gross income for a taxable year for direct gifts from a traditional or Roth IRA to a qualified charity. This provision is available until Dec. 31, 2007. Explore planned gifts privately with our new online gift calculator that provides deductions for all types of planned gifts. Visit: www.wilkes.edu/pages/1518.asp. The price per-person is $1,719 for twin, $1,869 for single and $1,709 for triple occupancy. The cost includes round-trip airfare from Allentown Airport, hotel transfers and departure tax. For more infor­ mation, contact Michelle Diskin, associate director of Wilkes University Alumni Relations at (570) 408-4134 or michelle.diskin@wilkes.cdu. Or visit www.colIettevacations.com/group/Wilkes/china.cfm . » A fg « fl ffl world-famous Beijing Acrobatic Show 5 �oNcampus ONcampus Fenner Quadrangle and Residence Halls Get Facelift As part of the university’s 20-ycar master plan to create a green, urban campus, an additional 3.2 acres of green space is being added to the Fenner Quadrangle, making “the quad" a more inviting, student­ friendly place. Expansion and landscaping of the green space is expected to be completed by the end of the year. An artist renderingj depicts Delaware and Chesapeake residen :nce hall renovations. The project coincides with a SI.5 million renovation of the Delaware and Chesapeake residence halls, which are located at the north end of the quad. The renovation project will add 12 beds, a sprinkler system, central air conditioning, a center skylight and Wi-Fi capabilities, plus new furniture, lighting and windows to the halls. While under construction, the university is leasing housing around the Wilkes campus until the buildings reopen for the 2007-08 academic year. Other residence halls arc slated for improvement or renovations over the next 15 years. - < The campus is getting greener thanks to expansion of the Fenner Quadrangle. The Evans Hall parking lot was removed to make room for greenway expansion. Parking has shifted to the new University Center on Main parking garage in the 100 block of South Main Street. Another element to the project is construction of a pergola, a canopied walkway, made possible by a gift from alumnus Clayton Karambelas ’49 and his wife Theresa. Read more about the pergola on pages 16-17. Wilkes Purchases High-Rise Apartment Complex Wilkes University officials recently announced they have reached an agreement of sale to purchase University Towers, a 130-unit apartment building located at 10 E. South Street in Wilkes-Barre. Wilkes will purchase the building for S8.2 million from JPJR Ten E. South Tower, LP, an affiliate of Trivest Realty Group, LLC of Washington Crossing, Pa. The acquisition will solidify the university’s presence as an anchor to the downtown business district. In line with its master and strategic plans, the university will eventually reduce its presence in the neighbor­ hoods south of the campus and support downtown economic devel­ opment while creating increas- 6 Uni«ersityTow.ra wi|| ho more than 400 Mudonti. ingly advantageous living/leaming environments at the university. “This is an extraordinary move for Wilkes," said Dr. Tim Gilmour, Wilkes president. “Wilkes will serve its students better, enhance residential living options and further the reputation that WilkesBarre is a college town.” About half of the University Towers’ 205 occupants are students, according to Scott Byers, vice president for finance and support operations. “There will be absolutely no changes in the mix of tenants in the near future,” he said. Wilkes has had students residing at University Towers for the past three years in what Dr. Paul Adams, vice president for students affairs, has described as “a remarkably successful living arrangement that has blended gener­ ations in the same living space. “This was a particularly attractive option for the university since University Towers is the preferred living space for our oncampus students,” Adams said. University Towers currently has the capacity to house 405 students, doubling the number of occupants and further increasing the number of residents living in the WilkesBarre business district. The university does not anticipate reaching maximum occupancy for several years. Wilkes will be able to offer student programming to a much larger audience, including support for mentoring and studying activ­ ities that are intended to increase student success. The college will no longer need to rent residential space from private landlords and will sell several university-owned properties, Sordoni Art Gallery to Feature Work of International Photojournalist Hands of a Displaced Sudan: Cryfor Compassion, a visual narrative of war, genocide and humanitarian crisis, movingly captured by journalist Ryan Spencer Reed, will be on view at the Sordoni Art Gallery fromjan. 15 to mid-March 2007. Reed will be on campus to open the exhibition in January In the wake of nearly 22 years of civil war, the Southern Sudanese population lays shattered across the East African landscape. More than 2.5 million lives have been lost, and another five million, internally and Reed has visited the Darfur region of Sudan a number of times photographing and interviewing those involved on all sides of the conflict, and writing his own eyewitness dispatches. This project, currently being considered for exhibition by a number of university and college museums and galleries around the country, including Dartmouth, Harvard, Brown and others, will be featured first by the Sordoni Art Gallery. Wilkes also is partnering with King’s College to bring prominent speakers, officials from humani­ tarian organizations and political action groups, films and other �oNcampus oNcampus Students Have New Venue for Entertainment Wilkes-Barre Movies 14 opened on June 30 in downtown Wilkes-Barre. The theater anchors the S31 million entertainment/residential/retail complex along South Main and East Northampton streets. Exclusive Website for Prospective Students Featured in USA Today Wilkes University’s latest marketing tool called HelloWilkes, a special website created for accepted students to become familiar with the university through e-conversations with faculty and current students, was featured this summer in USA Today and Philadelphia Business Journal. Social networking Web sites__ like MySpace or Facebook—are essential to the care and feeding of the college student. Hoping to capitalize on that, Wilkes University introduced HelloWilkes this year to its accepted freshman class. A cross between MySpace and a weblog, HelloWilkes is an exclusive community for ’ncoming freshmen to ^^-.stri 10nt^huPperclasZPC°^s Acuity, and get a nand lifeon the Wilkes r °fH Th'=«»„“’"■ NO. 1 IN THE USA b”> ««pied. bu, b '•<'e sue has proven to be much ' popular—not to mention ch^^ and more effective. HelloWilkes averages 6,900 hi,s pet day—more than 200,000 hits total so far-with the average visitor going back nearly 40 times and staying on the site for an average of six minutes per visit. w Senior Sarah Doman ond junior Abbv .e^eX'oteJ i'n" doTXvn' WiuS’rte. '“«» '»Pl««ihe ,„dl„ °fl”''dosing,,, istni i*c-wnxtj4- WILKES UNIVERSITY The theatre offers movie-goers nearly 2,800 seats in its 14 audito- HelloWilkes. I want to... nums, each with stadium seating, rocker chairs and Dolby digital COMMI vis stereo. Some theaters also offer digital projections. I “People love the theater/says ^Phillips, chief operating fftcer for owner R/c Theatres Management Corp, based in Reisterstown, Md. “It's a little bit ximcukthanjust h-X d°ing very well with u » The theater welcomed 15 000 P“P'e m the first fivc days<; °° ™--hinipsbelieX^high. P°we«d searchlights‘0" the roof and fours'fr« parking inthl X'P-kingfacibtJXiree j 66 U AR’.MoftL |HAN n<REi: GUlTzXR fl Ir>n I... CHORDS n O.-.11? u uh unrest iha mH tr> u I- ■ "IIIUtMIMvui n ’"“''"Wtoixithh AT WILKES; bSi '■■t in y.i i> i-o.i'.trj ___ ___________ __________ Submit | ____________ / had 1,500 hits.The day the USA Today story ran, tho Colleges Connect Students Online BY JANET KORNBLUM, USATODAY Andrew Seaman has a few jitters about going to college for the first time later this month. But upperclassmen already have made him feel better—and he's never even met them face to face. Seaman, who will attend Wilkes University in Wilkes-Barre, Pa., has inquired about student politics and dorm living on HelioWilkes, a private network the school created this year for incoming freshmen. "The other kids were able to put my mind at ease that the dorm rooms are livable," says Seaman, 18, of Forest Hill, Pa.They've also doled out advice on how to get involved in student government. Without the site, "I would've been more nervous," he says. To better communicate with a gener­ ation that socializes online on websites such as MySpace and Facebook, many colleges are launching into the social networking frenzy. More than a dozen so far have created private sites with features from profiles to bulletin boards and information areas. "In a year or two virtually every college will have something like this," says Steve Jones, communica­ tions professor at the University of Illinois, Chicago. The reason is "obvious," he says. "This has become such a familiar mode of communication for teenagers; it's basically meeting them on their own turf. It makes it more comfortable to get information they might not otherwise get." Administrators say they use the sites both to market their schools to potential students and to put new freshmen at ease. Students find out about the sites in a variety of ways — from e-mail and postal mail invitations to orienta­ tions. Most schools feature prominent links promoting the sites on their main university websites. "We realized that in order to communicate truly effectively to students we needed a medium that they are already accustomed to," says Mark Sikes, assistant dean of students at the College of William & Mary in Williamsburg, Va., which created a site for freshman this year. Along with message boards that allow students to connect, the site acts as a clearinghouse for all sorts of information on everything from classes to regional culture and events. College networking sites vary. Some are little more than message boards, others have areas where students can write full profiles and communicate with each other like they do on MySpace and Facebook. And judging by the traffic at some sites, students are using them. At William & Mary, for instance, 1,500 of the 1,600 newly admitted students have logged on in the past month, Sikes says. Other schools with new networking sites this year include Harrisburg (Pa.) University of Science andTechnology; Marietta (Ohio) College; Wellesley (Mass.) College; Purchase (N.Y.) College and Seton Hall University in South Orange, N.J. "Universities need to be where people are," says Cheryl Brown, director of undergraduate admissions for Binghamton (N.Y.) University, which also has a new site. Seaman and his friend, Stephanie Gerchman, also an incoming Wilkes freshman, say HelloWilkes makes connections and answers questions. Gerchman, for instance, got advice from upperclassmen to choose psychology as her minor. Some kids like the idea of "advance networking" so much that they are even taking a do-ityourself approach. Gerchman says she prefers MySpace and Facebook because they allow her to directly contact friends. HelloWilkes has an area to post personal profiles and to weigh in on predesignated topics, such as dorm living and studying, but there's no built-in spot for e-mail addresses or instant-messaging names. So she created her own space on MySpace, based on the HelloWilkes site, open to incoming Wilkes students. She also uses Facebook, and already has a movie night planned for the beginning of the school year with another Wilkes student she met there. Some colleges use college-oriented Facebook rather than building their own sites. "Why re-invent the wheel?" says Christopher Oertel, director of residential life for the College of Saint Rose in Albany, N.Y. He created a Facebook page for his department to reach out to incoming freshmen. "We're taking advantage of what's provided for us." Some worry that creating their own online networks could create legal problems. "If we exercise prior review or censorship, we're going to invite a whole new series of litigations," says Michael Bugeja, director of the Greenlee School of Journalism and Communication at Iowa State University in Ames. But by and large, students' contribu­ tions are valuable, administrators say. "If you want the authenticity and true voice of the students, you have to be willing to take the bad with the good," says Binghamton's Brown. "On occasion, something sneaks in where we go, 'gulp.' And so far we have been pretty open about letting our students' comments stand as is. "For students, these really are social connections," she says. "If we want to connect with our students and have them connect with each other, we need to be taking advantage of this medium." I § i I 9 �spoRTspage WILKES UNIVERSITY BY JOHN SEITZINGER HE WILKES UNIVERSITY ATHLETICS Hall of Fame inducted its 14th class in a ceremony on Saturday. Oct. 8 on the Wilkes campus. The Hall of Fame was established in 1993 to honor those players, coaches and other non-partici­ pating individuals who have made outstanding contributions to athletics at Bucknell Junior College, Wilkes College and Wilkes University. Neil Dadurka '57 The late Neil Dadurka was a three-sport participant during his collegiate days at Wilkes. On the field, Dadurka garnered four varsity letters in wrestling and helped the team post a 28-11-2 record. As a senior, he was one of the Colonels team captains and led the unit to its first Middle Atlantic Conference (MAC) championship. Dadurka had an individual record of 8-3 during his final campaign, playing a critical role as the squad J posted their first unbeaten season by going 10-0-1. Dadurka was also a four-year member of the Colonels football team, and played on the first varsity golf team at Wilkes in 1957. Dadurkas leadership skills were evident. He served as the president of the senior class in 1957, and was the president of the Letterman’s Club. Dadurka was also the vice president of his sophomore class in 1955 and 10 Q was selected to Who’s Who in American Colleges and Universities. Karen (Olney) Hazleton '78 Karen (Olney) Hazleton was a four-year member of the women’s basketball team from 1974 through 1978, while also earning two varsity letters in softball during the 1977 and 1978 seasons. On the basketball court, Hazleton was a top point producer during each of her four seasons. She set what was then a school record by' amassing 731 points during her basketball career. As a sophomore, she earned a berth on the Northeastern Pennsylvania Women’s Intercollegiate Athletic Association all-star team after leading Wilkes with 212 points. She was voted as the Lady' Colonels Most Valuable Player in both 1976 and 1978, and served as the team’s captain during her senior year. Hazleton also excelled during her two seasons on the softball diamond. A pitcher for the Lady Colonels, she was named to the Northeastern Pennsylvania Women’s Intercollegiate Athletic Association all-star squad as a senior and was voted the team’s Most Valuable Play'er. Kim Kaskel '96 A four-year member of the field hockey team from 1992 through 1995, Kaskel helped Wilkes win Freedom League titles in 1993, 1994 and 1995. Kaskelsplaywasinsi Coll.se A.hktlcCo^E««« (ECAC) Mtd-Atlantic titles j , and 1994. in 1995, sCh Wilkes to an overall record of n , and the teams first appearance in the NCAA Division III Toumantcni A forward for the Lady Colonels, Kaskel ranks as the all-time leader in both goals and points at Wilkes. She iony. Pictured from left to right are: Kim Kaskel '9G, Bob »to during Sunday's ceremo Inductees into the Wilkes Athletics Hall of Fame pose for a pho1 nd Karen (Olney) Hazleton '78. Missing from the photo is io late Neil Dadurka '57, anc Wachowski '89, Chris Parker '96, Bruce Dadurka, nephew of th( Alan Zellner '72. scored an amazing 52 goals during Division 111 Tournament in the her career, while also amassing 128 1994-95 and 1995-96 seasons. Parker ranks fifth on the all-time points. Kaskel was named to the scoring list at Wilkes with 1,504 College Field Hockey Coaches points, while also ranking 13th on Association (CFHCA) All-American the rebounding list with 563. Parker second team in 1995 and was a first still holds Wilkes records for steals team CFHCA Regional All-American in a game with eight, and steals in a in 1994 and 1995. season with 80. He also holds the Kaskel’s individual accolades single-season mark for field goal also include three Freedom League attempts with 506. A team captain during both his Most Valuable Player awards. Additionally, she was named to the junior and senior campaigns, Parker All-Freedom League first team and earned first team All-Conference garnered the Wilkes Female Athlete honors in 1994-95 and second team of the Year award in both 1995 and All-Conference accolades in 1995-96. Parker also earned a berth on the 1996. An outstanding student, All-ECAC second team as a senior, Kaskel was named to the Middle and was a member of the N CAA Atlantic Conference Academic All-Sectional Team in 1994-95. Honor Roll during each of her four years. Chris Parker '96 Parker starred on the basketball court for Wilkes from 1993 through 1996, helping lead Wilkes to four consecutive MAC playoff berths and an overall record of 93-19. critical in Parker’s play was ci mcaa leading the Colonels to the I- Bob Wachowski '89 No one in the history' of Wilkes University athletics could energize and unite a student body as effectively as Wachowski. Affection­ ately known as “Colonel Bob,” Wachowski spent four seasons as the mascot al Wilkes, serving in that capacity' from 1987 through 1989, and again from 1992 through 1994. A true ambassador of athletics at Wilkes, Wachowski always found a way to make a grand entrance. Many times he would arrive to an athletic event riding his eight-foot unicycle. Other times, he might be seen riding his go-cart with a dummy dressed in opponent's colors dragging behind. He arrived at Homecoming one year riding a horse, while yet another time he landed on Ralston Field in a helicopter. Wachowski would even show up at opposing sites, unicycle and all, to provide inspiration during a key game. Wachowski was so popular that he was asked to serve as the student speaker at Commencement in both 1989 and 1994. He also served as the student speaker at the dedication of the Arnaud C. Marts Center in 1989, and was awarded the Athletic Service Award in 1994. Alan Zellner '72 Zellner was a four-year standout on the wrestling mat al Wilkes and helped the Colonels capture four Middle Atlantic Conference championships. During his four seasons on the mat, Zellner posted a dual match record of 38 wins and only' six losses. He broke the Wilkes record for dual pins in a season with 10, while also setting a record for dual pins in a career with 21. Zellner won individual Middle Atlantic Conference titles in 1970, 1971 and 1972, and was named the MAC’S Outstanding Wrestler in both 1971 and 1972. In each of his four seasons at Wilkes, Zellner qualified for the NCAA Championship. He placed 9th in 1970, 5th in 1971, and earned All-American status by posting a fourth-place finish in 1972. Zellner served as the head coach of the Wilkes wrestling program from 1995 through 2003 after spending six seasons as an assistant coach. He amassed a record of 94 wins, 106 losses and one tic, while leading Wilkes through the transition from Division 1 to Division 111 status. I1.1 11 �covERStory This aerial photo of Wilkes-Barre City shows the location of Barnes & Noble in proximity to the Wilkes campus. King’s and Wilkes involved the Greater Wilkes-Barre Chamber, and, within weeks, the group put together a proposal to determine interest in the market. "We received positive feedback,” Byers said. Barnes & Noble and Follett, both big players in the college bookstore market, were the two finalists for the project. Securing a Retail Giant -£i=;=A,;T=CCxSTORE Jserve be* Wilkes Lz:vcrsity*nd Kings College has been brewing for more .a Leeaie. How ever, the timing -. esn't right...until now. - Oaober. Baines & Noble College 5ookse2os. Inc. opened its doors to s newest bookstore in downtown Wukes-Barre. This S2.4 million ■ ett was made possible by a partnership of the two colleges and the Greater Wilkes-Bane Chamber ef Business and Industry, along with help from the city of Wilkes-Barre and Luzerne County. Located at 7 South Main Street in the Chambers Innovation Center @ Wilkes-Barre, the “academic super­ store” operates as the joint campus bookstore for Wilkes and King’s, and serves the needs of the general public. The bookstore occupies two floors of the former Woolworth’s five-and-dime store building, creating approximately 20,000 square feet of retail space. The first floor of the historic building looks like a traditional Barnes & Noble store with newspapers, magazines and a wide selection of books. It also includes an 84-seat, full-service Barnes & Noble Literary’ Cafe with Starbucks coffee, lounge chairs and tables, and a spirit shop offering Wilkes and King's merchandise and apparel. The lower level of the building is where college students can find textbooks, correct before. It was not the right school, office and dormitory location or the right time.” supplies, and anything else needed Dr. Tim Gilmour, president of for college life. Wilkes University, said it took the The bookstore project boasts a ,.......... „______ right mix1_____ of people to make the few firsts. This is the first time that bookstore happen. “There: are so ,, two colleges collaborated on a many groups that needed to come project like this, making it the first together, and this time,:, we were joint campus bookstore for Barnes able to do that,” Gilmour said. & Noble.” said Fred Lohman, senior “Clearly, the president of King’s vice president of real estate for the I Rev. Thomas O’Hara] deserves a tremendous amount of credit, along Greater Wilkes-Barre Chamber of Business & Industry and 76 Wilkes with the mayor of Wilkes-Barre, the Chamber and Barnes & Noble. We alumnus. The bookstore also is had a lot of people working Barnes & Noble’s first downtown location in a Pennsylvania city other together and collaborating effec­ tively. It was a recipe for success.” than Philadelphia and Pittsburgh. The idea to pursue a joint campus bookstore downtown was revived Recipe for Success late summer 2005. “We [Wilkes] The idea for a joint bookstore has broached the idea with King’s been around a long time in one form College and the Chamber,” said or another,” said Larry Newman, Scott Byers, vice president for vice president of economic and finance and general counsel for community development for the Wilkes University. “We each had a Greater Wilkes-Barre Chamber of bookstore, and we didn’t think we Business & Industry. “It made sense could provide the level of support to combine the two campus for students, faculty and staff with bookstores and move to common those arrangements that we could ground in the heart of downtown. with a joint bookstore.” The circumstances were never The call from President Gilmour regarding the opportunity to bring a bookstore to Wilkes-Barre was received by Paula Eardley, vice president of campus relations at Barnes & Noble Booksellers. Eardley visited Wilkes-Barre and went back to Barnes & Noble with enthusiasm for the project. we all got excited about bringing a store to Wilkes-Barre. We saw the vision that Dr. Gilmour and Father O’Hara had. "Barnes & Noble is interested in putting stores in communities that want us,” he continued. “We liked how the two college presidents came together. We want to build relation­ ships and have partnerships. We sensed that with Dr. Gilmour and Father O’Hara, and wanted to be a part of it.” College officials and Chamber members said Barnes & Noble College Booksellers was selected to operate the joint bookstore because it brings a wealth of experience and expertise to the table. “Barnes & Noble is a world-class retailer and an excellent college book I r-( Murals depicting athletics, campus life and Wilkes history are on display throughout the bookstore. “Paula got us all excited about it,” said Patrick Maloney, executive vice president of Barnes & Noble College Booksellers. “It was a joint proposal to provide a campus bookstore to serve both Wilkes University and King's College. I visited the site, and supplier,” Gilmour said. “The company is so well-known and wcll-rcspcctcd, and it will draw a lot of students to downtown Wilkes-Barre. Having Barnes & Noble here is key to the city’s recovery strategy.” 13 �covERstory covERstory Maloney explained that the term "academic superstore" is used to describe a store that is a mixture of a traditional Barnes & Noble store and a college bookstore. "An academic superstore is typically located on the edge of campus." he said. "It brings the university and community together in a different way. improving relationships between the two. It's a wonderful vehicle to create that bridge between 'town' and ‘gown.’" ! "This is the largest single retail project in Wilkes-Barre in 30 years. It's a huge step for downtown Wilkes-Barre." Barnes & Noble currently operates more than 570 college bookstores. Of those, nearly 50 are academic superstores like the one in WilkesBarre. The Bames & Noble bookstore in Wilkes-Barre joins an impressive list of colleges and universities with academic super­ stores on the edge of campus or close to town, including Southern Methodist University, University of Pennsylvania, The Ohio State University. Yale University, Georgia Tech, DePaul University and Dartmouth College. “The academic superstore that Barnes & Noble brings to WilkesBarre is centered around the needs of the campus with a mix of retail to it.” 14 Byers said. "The former bookstore campus was 3,000 square feet. The Bames & Noble bookstore will be six times larger at about 20,000 square feet. The company brings an expertise that is second to none. It is a well-recognized brand known for its quality.” Community Reactions The downtown bookstore is a key piece in the overall strategy to revitalize downtown, and the community has been embracing it. “The reaction has been unbelievably positive,” Lohman said. “This is the largest single retail project in Wilkes-Barre in 30 years. Barnes & Noble brings a nationally recognized retail store to town, adding to part of the fabric of downtown. It's a huge step for downtown Wilkes-Barre.” “For a long time, people asked why downtown Wilkes-Barre is not more of a college town,” Newman said. “There are 6,500 college students here, but traditionally, there was a divide between ‘town’ and ’gown.’ That divide is rapidly disappearing." Gilmour said feedback from students, faculty and staff when the bookstore was officially announced in August 2006 was very positive. "Overall, there is genuine enthu­ siasm to having Barnes & Noble bookstore,” he said. “Students will have to walk a little farther to get their books, but they’ll be walking there a lot as other businesses open. Once they walk the two blocks and come to the bookstore, they’ll enjoy it.” Jenna Strzelecki, a senior business administration student and president of student government at Wilkes, said the new Barnes & Noble bookstore will help current and future Wilkes students and make a good addition to the city. "It gives students the opportunity to get down to the center of Wilkes-Barre and see what’s beyond the Wilkes campus, giving them a different perspective of the city,” she said. “Since it’s a joint bookstore, it gives Wilkes students a chance to get to know King’s people more and vice versa. There is a little bit of a rivalry place where the community could go and congregate. It does much more than provide required educa­ tional materials.” In addition to offering books, magazines and school merchandise, the Barnes & Noble location provides another positive place to hang out in Wilkes-Barre. “Approximately 14,000 people live and work downtown,” Byers said. “People can go there at lunchtime, shop and have a cup of coffee. It’s another level of service that couldn't have happened without this collabo­ ration. The bookstore helps to further revitalize Wilkes-Barre by giving more things to do during the week and weekend for students and members of the community." Competitors Collaborate When discussing this new bookstore, the word heard most often from Wilkes and King’s admin­ istrators, Chamber officials and between the two schools because we’re located so close, but the bookstore is a good idea.” The bookstore helps faculty and members of the community as well as students, Maloney said. “A tremendous amount of books are available to them,” he said. “It gives them a place to come together. Some faculty members may schedule time to meet with students at the bookstore instead of in their offices. The bookstore also creates a Hev.Thomns J. O'Hnrn, C.S.C., King's Collage President, nnd Willies President Tim Gilmour recognize? the value of collaboration in downtown revitalization. Barnes & Noble executives is collab­ oration. Despite being in-city rivals who compete for students and wins on the sports field, Wilkes and King’s were able to come together. “Collaboration was crucial,” Gilmour said. “We had a real desire to create this bookstore and felt it was a real value to our students. We [Wilkesl couldn’t do it alone, but we [Wilkes and King's] could do it together. Both of us can be so much stronger if we collaborate.” Setting aside the rivalry was not difficult. Byers said. "The bookstore is part of the first wave of opportu­ nities to collaborate and benefit both universities,” he said. “Students at Wilkes and King’s interact a lot now, but this helps solidify those interactions.” A New Wilkes-Barre Gilmour believes that the project is much more than a bookstore; it is part of an effort to revitalize downtown Wilkes-Barre. “There is a definite feeling that this will be a major step forward in the city’s revitalization,” Gilmour said. “With Barnes & Noble moving in, it signals to other retailers that Wilkes-Barre is a vibrant town.” Strzelecki said the bookstore is good for the city and its future. “Economically for the city, it was needed,” she said. "The new bookstore will draw a lot more people in from surrounding areas to Wilkes-Barre. By bringing people in, it gives | Wilkes-Barre a jumpstart for revitalization and could help bring in other businesses." Byers cites three reasons this new bookstore is important to Wilkes and the city. “First, it’s Barnes & Noble—we attracted a world-class retailer,” he said. “Second, we couldn't have done this on our own. Third, the bookstore serves to further revitalize the city, which is critical to the long­ term success of the city and the university. We can’t act as an island and not be active with our city." Maloney said he is happy to be a part of the redevelopment of the city. “1 think the bookstore is a wonderful thing for Wilkes-Barre,” he said. “These two institutions of higher education located half a mile apart were able to come together and make this happen. The store will celebrate the rebirth of WilkesBarre and the two schools. I hope it’s a place that the community takes pride in. “I’m very happy to be a part of this. I’m verj’ proud that we [Barnes & Noble] were selected. And I’m ver)' optimistic about the bookstore and the future of Wilkes-Barre." Wilkes alumni who have not returned to Wilkes-Barre in a few years may be surprised at how the city has changed. “The difference is amazing, and alums will be pleasantly surprised even if their last visit was three or four years ago,” Gilmour said. “You have a Barnes & Noble, a 14-screen movie theater and night club that have changed the character of South Main Street significantly. South Main is much more lively and attractive." Lohman said alums will see a new Wilkes-Barre that they haven't seen before. "They’ll sec a cleaner, brighter and vibrant Wilkes-Barre that they haven't seen in decades." H1 15 �SPoTligM {A e) Karambelases Donate Piece of Ancient Greece Special couple's vision for campus is becoming a reality BY JULIE UEHARA HE WILKES UNIVERSITY CAMPUS I I has become more beautiful thanks to Clayton '49 and I Theresa Karambelas. As the focal point of Wilkes’ new Greenway project, which also includes landscaping, a formal walkway and a volleyball court, Clayton and Theresa have donated a beautiful pergola. Located next to the Alumni House and behind Breiseth Hall, construction of the pergola will begin later this year with trelliswork and Greek-style columns that will be filled with colorful flowers and climbing vines in the spring. f “The pergola is such a nice anchor for the Greenway," Clayton said. “As a classic Greek structure, it is a fitting gift from my wife, Theresa, and I since my family is from Greece and her family is from Italy, where pergolas began." A rare architectural structure for college campuses, the Karambelas pergola is even more unique because it features a stage for outdoor theatrical performances, concerts or gatherings. The pergola is approxi­ mately 56 feet long and 15 feet wide and can be used for an unlimited number of activities—from weddings to relaxing in the shade. 's' “As we worked with the architect to develop the construction plans we wanted to lake the idea of a pergola and modernize it so students would take full advantage of it,” Theresa said. “We wanted it to be a quiet place to contemplate and escape but also be in the heart of the campus. Since we didn’t want it to just occupy space, I think incorporating the stage was the best idea. That way, the uses for it are unlimited." Marty Williams, vice president of advancement, agrees. “The concept of the Greenway was to improve the space around the Alumni House and create an environmentally friendly, ceremonial place,” Williams said. “The pergola is a great addition to the university and is a strong reminder of the power of architecture and ideas. A ‘ History of Giving This is not the first time Clayton and Theresa have given back to Wilkes in a significant way. They made a major gift to the Henry Student Center in A 1999 and a state-of-art electronic 4 marquee in 2003 to announce campus events. Prominently located 1 i 1_ •“-cl.no„K,r,mbelu.49iiroi|throu^i^ 16 pcrgoln construction site. li outside of the Dorothy Dickson Dane Center for the Performing Arts and near the entrance to the "We hope our excitement is contagious and that others will take pride in, become a part of and come back to Wilkes to see what's been happening." students on campus and even drivers on River Street apprised of the latest happenings around campus and the community. “I thought the sign was a good idea because if I wanted to know what’s happening around Wilkes, other people probably do, too,” Clayton said. “Theresa and I live only a mile or so away from campus, and since many events arc for the community as well as the students, we wanted to stay informed. And, since it’s run by a computer, it can be conveniently updated whenever necessary." An active member of the alumni association and the John Wilkes Society, this proud alumnus donates money to Wilkes each year. “As a Wilkes graduate and part of the local community, 1 am happy to give back,” he said. “After all, the university can't exist without alumni donations." “All Wilkes students and faculty are deeply indebted to Clayton and Theresa for their generosity and R The pergola, shown here in an artist's rendering, will bo located I near Delaware and Chesapeake halls. relationships with alumni, and Clayton and Theresa have been leaders and role models for alumni for a long time. I’m grateful to know them.” How it AH Started Since his undergraduate years, Clayton has been extremely active at Wilkes. Graduating in 1949 with a bachelor's degree in commerce and finance, Clayton was president of Student Council and of the Thespians. He also was an athlete. He was on the university's first wrestling team, first tennis team and was the coach and co-captain of the first swimming team. “And he’s still a social butterfly,” Theresa added. Now married 39 years and retired, Clayton and Theresa met while working next door to each other. Although Theresa didn’t attend MHM I 9 caring spirit,” Williams said. “Part of my role at Wilkes is to foster student center, the marquee keeps Wilkes, through her husband she eventually formed an affinity for the university, its wrestling team and ultimately all things Wilkes. Community Involvement In addition to being involved at Wilkes University, Clayton and Theresa also are active within their community and the Greek Orthodox Church in Wilkes-Barre. Clayton has always lived within one mile from the university. For several years after college, he ran a restaurant and candy shop that his father and uncle started in 1923 called The Boston Restaurant and Candy Shop. After he sold the business in 1973, he started C.K. Coffee Service and continued to grow that company for more than 30 years. With these businesses and his involvement with charities, Clayton is a prominent member of the community. “We’re really excited for the new things happening at Wilkes and in Wilkes-Barre," Theresa said. "We hope our excitement is contagious and that others will take pride in. become a part of and come back to Wilkes to see what's been happening. We’d like to think we're lighting a fire under the alumni in some small way and adding a new dimension to the life of the students on campus.” Ill Clayton Karambelas, class of 1949. 17 �REPORT OF Gifts Elevating Wilkes to Greatness REPORT OF GIFTS: GIFTS RECEIVED JUNE 1, 2005 THROUGH MAY 31, 2006 REPORT OF GIFTS TABLE OF CONTENTS Giving by Constituency Pages 20-24 • TRUSTEES & TRUSTEES EMERITI • UNIVERSITY FAMILY • COMMUNITY BUSINESSES & FOUNDATIONS • FRIENDS, PARENTS, GRANDPARENTS & ALUMNI Max Roscnn Lecture Series in Law and Humanities Endowment Giving by Class . Pages 24 Pages 25-37 CLASS OF 1935THROUGH CLASS OF 2005 Senior Class Gift. The Marts Society Endowed Named Scholarships John Wilkes Society Page 3S Page 39 Page 40-41 Page 42-44 REPORT OF GIFTS KEY The John Wilkes Society PLATINUM ASSOCIATES DIAMOND ASSOCIATES HONORARY ASSOCIATES TRUSTEE ASSOCIATES FOUNDER'S CIRCLE PRESIDENT'S CIRCLE JOHN WILKES ASSOCIATES $500,000 or more $250,000 - $499,999 $100,000- $249,999 $10,000- $99,999 $5,000 - $9,999 $2,500 - $4,999 $1,000-$2,499 The Eugene Farley Club GOLD CIRCLE $500 - $999 $250 - $499 $100- $249 Up to S99 BLUE CIRCLE FARLEY ASSOCIATES CONTRIBUTORS STATEMENT OF ACTIVITIES FROM OPERATIONS TOTAL Revenues and other Support Tuition and Fees Less: Student Aid_________ Net Tuition and Fees S 61,135,166 $ (19,887,587) $ 41,247,579 Government Grants and Contracts Private Gifts, Grants and Contracts Sales and Services of Auxiliary Enterprises Income from Interest and Dividends Other Additions Endowment Income Designated for Current Operations Net Assets Released from Restrictions___________ Total Revenues and other Support Expenses Instruction Research Public Service Academic Support Student Services Institutional Support Auxiliary Enterprises__________________________ Total Expenses Increase in Net Assets from Operating Activities $ $ $ $ $ $ _s 3,808,805 2,722,734 8,723,587 888,722 1,288,310 1,115,000 $ 59,794,737 S 25,950,440 S 484,440 S 1,194,903 5,297,111 s 8,173,208 S 12,632,835 S 5,573,612 $ 59,306,549 $ $ 488,188 BOARD OF TRUSTEES Richard L. Bunn ’55 John M. Ccfaly, Jr. 70 Denise S. Cesare 77 Charles F. Cohen Lawrence E. Cohen ’57 Esther B. Davidowitz Linda A. Fisher Shelley Freeman ’82 Colleen Gries Gallagher ’81 Joseph E. (Tim) Gilmour Michael I. Gottkdcnkcr Jason D. Griggs ’90 Alan E. Guskin Milan S. Kirby Daniel Klcm, Jr. ’68 Dan E Kopen 70 Melanie Maslow Lumia Michael J. Mahoney Marjorie H. Marquart George J. Matz 71 Clifford K. Mclberger John R. Miller ’68 William R. Miller ’81 Gerald A. Moffatt ’63 Robert A. Mugford ’58 Mary Belin Rhodes M’77 Ronald A. Rittenmcycr 72 Eugene Roth ’57 James J. Sandman Marino J. Saniarclli 73 Susan Weiss Shoval Jay S. Sidhu M73 Elizabeth A. Slaughter '68 Ronald D. Tremayne ’58 TRUSTEE EMERITI Panic S. Davies Robert A. Fortinsky Jerome R. Goldstein Frank M. Henry Beverly Blakeslee Hiscox ’58 Allan P. Kirby. Jr. Richard L. Pearsall William A. Perlmulh '51 Arnold S. Rifkin Max Roscnn* Richard M. Ross. Jr. Joseph J. Savitz '48 Stephen Sordoni Constance McCole Umphred William J. Umphred. Sr. '52 Norman E. Weiss ALUMNI ASSOCIATION BOARD OF DIRECTORS Vijay Arora, Faculty Rep. Laura Barbera Cardinale 72 David Carey ’83 Terrence Casey ’82, 2nd VP Denise S. Cesare '77, BOT Rep. Kay Coskey '86 Beth Danner ‘02, Secretary Fred R. Demech.Jr. '61 Glen Flack 73 Colleen Gries Gallagher '81, President Bridget Giunta ’05 Charlie Jackson '51, Ancestral Rep. G. Garfield Jones '72 Clayton Karambelas '49 Arthur Kibbe, Faculty Rep. Daniel Klcm, Jr. '68, BOT Rep. Rosemary LaFratte '93 William Layo '01 Ashley McBrearty '06. SAA President William Miller '81, BOT Rep. Ron Miller ”93 George Pawlush '69. 1st VP John F. Pullo '82, Historian Ali E. Qureshi '96 Steven Roth '84 John J. Serafin ’90 Matthew Sowcik '00 Lou Steck '55 Andrew Steinberg '06. SG President Bill Tarbart '70, Past President Margery’ Ufberg '69 Stephanie Victor '06, Class Rep. Jodi Viscomi '05 'Deceased I ublishcd by the Development Division of Wilkes University We V regret any omissions or errors contained within this report. Due to the number of generous donors, some names may have mistakenly n missed If you should find an error or omission, please direct theic corrections > to Evelync Topfer, Director of I'lanncd Giving, at 1-800-WILKES-U. ext. 4309 or email her at evelyne iopfet®wilkes edu. 19 �report OF ! REPORT OF Gifts Gifts Giving By Constituency Gri-.ngByConstilucnO' ? L Jimmy E. Weaver Alan E. Zellner '72 Margaret A. Zellner ’74 Matthew J. Zukoski '86 POUNDER'S CIRCLE trustees & trustees emeriti Thejohn Wilkes Society platinum associates PRESIDENT'S CIRCLE Patricia 5. Davies Robert A. Fortinsky Arnold S. Rifkin Ronald D. Trcmayne '58 SSOO.OOOormore jay S. Sidhu M/3 honorary associates SkV.iW- <249.000 John R. Miller '68 TRUSTEE ASSOCIATES <10.000-$99,999 John Michael Cefaly, Jr. 70 Denise Schaal Cesare 11 Jerome R. Goldstein Frank M. Henn Allan P. Kirby. Jr. Milan S. Kirby Michael J. Mahoney Clifford K. Melberger William A. Perlmuth 51 Si.iW - S9.999 Joseph E. iTim) Gilmour Bernard W. Graham Edward M. Moyer '73 Ellen R. Flint Anne Straub Pelak M’98 Cherylynn Petyak Gibson 71 John L. Pesta P’06 Victoria M. Glod ’91 Bruce E. Phair ’73 Stanley J. Hanczyc Anna Rusnak Noon Frank R. Hughes ’84 BLUE CIRCLE Harvey A. Jacobs 72 Ruth C. Hughes PRESIDENT'S CIRCLE $2,500 - S4.999 Patricia A. Mangold Matthew C. Batroney Ronald R. Bernier KarenBeth H. Bohan Philip A. Marino '80 Gale P. Martino Frank J. Matthews Robert W. Bohlander Michael C. McCrce '99 Sharon M. Bowar Mary Ann T. Merrigan Diane R. Milano Thejohn Wilkes Society Lyndi L. Moran TRUSTEE ASSOCIATES Association of Independent Colleges & Universities Fred Nichols $10,000 -$99,999 Aeroflex Foundation Bergman Foundation Bohlin. Cywinski, Jackson NE PA Paint & Blue Cross of Northeastern PA Gould Evans Affiliates New Era Technologies. Inc. PA Society of Public Barbara A. Bracken Gene A. Camoni '74 Agnes Swantek Cardoni '75 Cheryl M. Yustat COMMUNITY BUSINESSES & FOUNDATIONS John L. Orehotsky Gary L. Otto Martha J. Parise Citizens Charitable Foundation Green Valley Landscaping, Inc. Samira T. Chamoun Debra Prater Chapman '81 Andita Parker-Lloyd ’96 Commonwealth Telephone Intermetro Industries Corp. Cynthia Littzi Chisarick Gayle M. Patterson SI.000 - $2,999 Joan Zaleski Ford 75 Donald E. Mencer Theresa Cochran Michelle Umbra Pearce '91 Diversified Information Tech. Jean Reiter Adams 78 J. Bartholomay Grier ’02 Mar)’ E. Miller James M. Culhane Barbara Rosick Moran ’84 Gerald A. Moffatt '63 Paul S. Adams 77 Kenneth L. Hanadel Downtown Wilkes-Barre Touchdown Club Jeffrey R. Alves Anne Heincman Bator)' ’68 Susan Malley Hrilzak ’81 Mar)' Beth Mullen Richard M. Ross. Jr. Nicole Sparano Culhane Diane H. Demchak Michael J- Pitoniak Regina A, Plesko Harvey Pollock Follett College Stores Paul J- Kaspriskie, Jr. Lisa A. Mulvey Susan L. DiBonifazio Tracy M. Polumbo The Goldstein Family Scott A. Byers Blake L. Mackesy Prahlad N. Murthy Kathleen S. Poplaski Sandra S. Carroll Joseph W. Mangan Barbara L. Nanstiel 70 Michelle Diskin '95 Diane Duda Ronald L. Pryor 71 Guard Foundation Harkness Foundation Joseph J. Savitz ’48 Norman E. Weiss Enterprises, Inc. Foundation The Eugene Farley Club Bonnie C. Culver Kenneth A. Pidcock Elena Niculcscu-Mihai ’95 Deborah L. Dunn Jocelyn Kuhl Reese ’84 Jane M. Elmes-Crahall Helenmary M. Selecky Michaclene S. Ostrum Thomas Dunsmuir GOLD CIRCLE Sharon G. Telban ’69 Jerry J. Palmaioli Joanne M. Fasciana $500-5999 Wilbur E Hayes Marianne Scicchitano Rexcr ’85 Joy B. Rinchimcr Michael J. Hirthler William B. Terzaghi Josephine M. Panganiban Susan M. Frank Anita V. Ruskey '03 Daniel Klem.Jr. ‘68 James L. Merryman Thomas J. Thomas, Jr. '86 David L. Pickett Holly Pitcavagc Frederick '93 Tricia M. Russell A.P. Kirby, Jr. Foundation, Inc. Richard A. Fuller John G. Reese Philip R. Tuhy Kristine Erhard Pruett ’99 Jerry N. Rickrodc Diane E. Wenger Richard G. Raspcn ’67 James R Rodechko Philip L. Wingert Gerald C. Rebo Constance McCole Lmphred $250 - 5999 George L Fenner. Jr.” Colleen Gries Gallagher ’81 Mark D. Stine Michele T. Zabriski Brian Redmond '97 William J. L mphred. Sr. '52 Nancy A. Weeks FOUNDER'S ORCLE FARLEY ASSOCIATES $5,000- $9,999 $100-5299 Martin E. Williams FARLEY ASSOCIATES 5100 - $249 Richard L Bunn ’55 Chuck Cohen The Eugene Farley Club Hisham A. Abu-Nabaa '96 J jitph E.' Tim: Gilmour Elizabeth A. Slaughter '68 GOLD CIRCLE Thomas J. Baldino $500 - $999 Michael! Gcttdenker Rita A. Balestrini Dr. erl; Blakeslee Htscox ’58 CONTRIBUTORS Christopher J. Bailey Barbara N. Bellucci ’69 Marjorie H Marquan Up to $99 Louise M. Berard Joseph T. Bellucci Melanie Maslov l.tnaia The Honorable Mix Rosenn* William R Miller ’81 U\I\'ERSITY FAMILY Faculty, Staff & Emeriti Darin E. Fields Amal D. Biggers Edward E Foote William J, Biggers Sandra A. Fumanti Jenny Blanchard Patricia Boyle Heaman ‘61 Carol A. Bosack '80 Robert J. Heaman Paul C. Browne Barbara Samuel Loftus The John Wilkes Society Janice Broyan Michael F Malkemes Mark A. Carpentier M’06 TRUSTEE ASSOCIATES Susan J. Malkemes 95 Joyce Victor Chmil '87 Melanie O'Donnell Mickelson 93 Carol P. Dipprc Philip Rizzo Marie Roke-Thomas ’83 Francis J. Salley Patricia L. Scarfoss Christine Tondrick Scitzinger ’98 for Dance Clayton & Theresa Karambelas Fund Guard Insurance Group Real Estate N.R.G. Controls North, Inc. NACDS - National Association of Chain Drug Stores Decorating Contractors Accountants. NE Chapter (PSPA) Jack Follwcilcr’s Garage Pharmacists Mutual Lewith & Freeman Real Estate M & T Bank Insurance Company Plains Rotan- Club M & T Charitable Foundation NEPA Society of American Highway Engineers Sandy & Arnold Rifkin Charitable Foundation SunGard Collegis, Inc. Polish Room Committee PricewaterhouseCoopers Joseph J. & Janice W. Savitz Fund Schwab Fund for Charitable Giving Walgreens Co. Sodexho, Inc. Penn State University. Wyoming Valley Health Wilkes-Barre Campus Wilkes-Barre Rotary Club Care Systems. Inc. The Eugene Farley Club Philip J. Ruthkosky The Luzerne Foundation Mary L. Gillespie Debbie J. Rutkoski Mark IV Industries John B. Gilmer Michele M. Sabol-Jones Barbara D. Gimblc Brian R. Sacolic McCole Foundation, Inc. Denise M. Granoski ’05 Thomas A. Hamill Mary- Ann Savage Sordoni Foundation, Inc. Roland C. Schmidt The Wachovia Foundation Amtirc Corporation Michael P. Hardik Eileen M. Sharp The Weininger Ballard Spahr Andrews Robert N. Harris Nicholas Sharpe Foundation, Inc. Foundation, Inc. The Lubrizol Foundation Luzerne National Bank Mcricle Commercial PRESIDENT'S CIRCLE $2,500 - $4,999 Marie J. Carver James M. Case Matthew McCaffrey ’94 George J. Matz 71 & Co.. PC The Lion Brewer); Inc. Jeffry S. Nietz ’01 James F. Ferris ’56 JOHN WILKES ASSOCIATES Rosenn. Jenkins & Greenwald, LLP The Overlook Estate David R. Carey ’83 William M. Martin Dan E Kopen 70 Machines, Inc. Kronick Kalada Berdy Acorn Foundation, Inc. Adelenc C. Malatcsta Esther Davidowitz Jason D. Griggs '90 PP&L PA Economy League. Inc. Foundation Robert S. Capin ’50 Michael J. Frantz J. Michael Lennon Golden Business Up to $99 Thomas A. Bigler S1.000-$2,999 Lawrence E. Cohen 57 George Marquis MacDonald Foundation Debra A. Archavagc Mary L. Watkins Eric A. Wright Matthew J. J. Yencha Keith Klahold BLUE CIRCLE 20 Rebecca H. Van Jura Megan L. Wade Anthony L. Liuzzo Susan Weiss Shoval Robert A Mugf.jrd'58 Jerry Kucirka '67 Luzerne County Convention & Visitors Bureau $250 - $499 Andrea E. Frantz James J. Sandman Richard L Pearsall Lockheed Martin Mildred Urban Joel A. Berlatsky JOHN WILKES ASSOCIATES Eugene Roth '57 1 Marleen Troy Jonathan G. Laudenslager ’99 Christopher T. Lcicht Catherine Link 75 Glenn J. Lupole CONTRIBUTORS GIVING by Constituency- Judith L. Kristellcr Diane M. Krokos JOHN WILKES ASSOCIATES GOLD CIRCLE $1,000-52,499 $500 - S999 Alexander W. Dick ALLTEL Information Foundation & Ingersoll, LLP Leona J. Hartland Philip G. Simon William G. McGowan Benco Dental Company Michelle R. Holt-Macey Genevieve M. Singer Charitable Fund, Inc. Bloomsburg Metal Company The Willary Foundation Board Brdaric Excavating. Inc. Scott Howell Elaine A. Slabinski 71 John W. Scitzinger Mar)Jo Frail Hromchak '80 Maryellen Sloat Herbert B. Simon MatthewJ. Sowcik’00 Ben-David Kaminski Todd M. Sloat FOUNDER'S CIRCLE Ron M. Karaffa Andrew B. Snyder ’00 $5,000 - $9,999 Michael Spezialc Camille O. Kaschak Karen A. Space Borton-Lawson Engineering Changeable Sky's. LLC. Cleveland Bros. Brennan Electric, Inc. Chamberlain Manufacturing Corp. Services, Inc. Building Industry Association of NE PA First Liberty Bank & Trust First National Bank of Berwick First National Community Bank Gertrude Hawks Candies. Inc. Michael <Sc Kathleen Frederick J. Sullivan Mr. Edward R. Keefe Michael F. Stolarick CVS Charitable Trust, Inc. John T. Sumoski Kimberly Escargc Keller ’95 Jonathan P. Strucke Facility Design & Wagiha A. Taylor Judith Tobin Tclcchowski Barbara E. King ’81 Robert S. Swetts Coca-Cola Bottling Co. McCarthy Tire Sen ice Co. Inc. Tammy M. Klucitas Romaine Szafran GAO Marbuck Foundation The Coutu Foundation Montage Agency. Inc. Deborah R- Tindell Bence A. Kotz ’05 Rhoda B. Tillman Hirtle. Callaghan, & Company Creative Business Interiors Professional Accountant Dominick RTrombeiu Brittany N. Kramer '05 Stephen J. Tillman John & Josephine Thomas Fortune Fabrics. Inc. Edward J- Ungurch Justin Kraynack Evclync Topfcr MarkA.Wanai Development LTD. Foundation Equipment Corp. Geisinger Wyoming Hirthler Fund Jack Williams Tire Co. Association Roof Pro. Inc. Valley Medical Staff Michael W. Fasulka 21 �report of REPORT OF Gifts Gifts Giving By Constituency Giving By Consriiuzncy UG1 Tenn Natural Gas UG1 Utilities. Inc. Wachovia Foundation BLUE CIRCLE $250 - $499 Best Western East Mountain Inn Brucclli Advertising Co., Inc. Carpenters Local Union =645 Citizens Bank Follett Store Frank Martz Coach Co. Herron Electric. Inc. Holiday Inn Kappa Psi Pharmaceutical Fraternity. Inc. Delta Electrical Systems. Inc. Diagnostics Lib Earth Conservancy Eastern Penn Supply Co. Flack Family Fund of the Luzerne Foundation Futuristic Innovative Graphics Gcisingcr Health System Hillman Security fir Time Joan Evans Real Estate JustGivc. Inc. KMK Associates Klecn Air Systems, Inc. Knapich Optical Lehman Power Equipment Parsons Sales Company. Inc. Mr. Vladimir Hadsky Peking Chef Reeves Rent-A-John, Inc. Mr. Fordham E. Huffman Rowe Door Sales Shades Unlimited Somerville Construction Ms. Tracy M. Smith Attorney George A. Spohrcr Brciseth Mr. John F. Burke Ms. K. Heather McRay Mr. fix Mrs. Henry Canoy Attorney Arthur Picconc Attorney fir Mrs. J err)' Mr. Michael D. Rosenthal Chariton Mrs. Joyce Trcmaync Weis Markets. Inc. Wilkes-Barre City Mr. Richard S. Zarin Firefighters Wittman Construction, LLC JOHN WILKES ASSOCIATES Dr. fir Mrs. Richard A. Hist $1,000 - $2,499 Ms. Michele Kenney Young Lawyers Div.. Lackawanna Bar Assoc. Mr. fir Mrs. John Agrcn Dr. David W. Kistler Mr. fir Mrs. Albert G. Albert Senator fir Mrs. Charles D. FRIENDS. PARENTS & GRANDPARENTS Mr. Harrison J. Cohen Mrs. Karen Dougherty Mrs. Edward Welles Dr. Sylvia Dworski Mr. William E. Althauscr Mr. fir Mrs. William E Behm Mr. James J. Lennox Attorney Paul William Mrs. Thcrcse Brennan* >COX Lcmmond, Jr. Mrs. Sandra Bernhard Mr. Avi Szenbcrg Mr. & Mrs. John Taronc Ms. Vivien G. Tcrzaghi Attorney David L. Thomas Mr. Todd Vondcrheid Services. Inc. Marquis Art and Frame Odak Corporation Dr. fir Mrs. Christopher N. Mrs. Donna P. Lennon MacGregor The John Wilkes Society Mrs. Ann M. Coughlin Mr. & Mrs. Daniel Marsh Dr. Harold E. Cox Mrs. Alexandra C. Moravec FARLEY ASSOCIATES $100-$249 Dr. & Mrs. E Jorge Abrantes Mrs. Barbara Albert Mr. fir Mrs. Theodore J. Andercr Dr. Wolfgang Hans Baerwald Mrs. Janet Bird Mr. fir Mrs. James Paul Bochicchio P’07 Mr. Horace E. Kramer Ms. Ronnie Kurlancheck Ms. Robin Sue Landsburg The Honorable Donald R Lay Mr. Michael E. Lindgren Mr-& Mrs. E Andrew Logue Ms. Linda L. Lynelt Dr. & Mrs. Edwin L. Lyons Dr. & Mrs. Michael MacDowcll Mr. Ken Marquis Ms. Maryjulc McCarthy Mr. Charles T. Young Mr. Joel Zitofsky Mr. & Mrs. Thomas H. Mr. Thomas W. Dombroski Mr. fir Mrs. James P. Dunbar Mr. Joseph Dzwilefsky van Arsdale Mr. & Mrs. Joseph A. Eagcn Mr. fir Mrs. John E. EdlerHI CONTRIBUTORS Colonel fir Mrs. Tracy L Ellis Mrs. Romaine Ercolani Mr. fir Mrs. Gary Fainveathcr Mr. fir Mrs. David H. Farrand Up to $99 Mr. Richard P. Adams Ms. Donna L. Allan Mr. Frederick Andrews* Mr. & Mrs. William C. Kocher, Jr. Mr. David E. Koff Attorney Daniel L. Koffsky Mrs. Joyce J. Kopack Mr. David Krafchik Ms. Joan Kripke Mr. & Mrs. Roger A. Lacy Mrs. Jane Landau Ms. Lillian Answini Mr. fir Mrs. Howard B. Fcdrick Attorney Linda A. Fisher Ms. Sylvia Lane Mrs. Mildred F. Lang Dr. & Mrs. Muhammad Munir Mr. & Mrs. Robert J. Archavagc P’06 Ms. Shirley E. ForneyMr. fir Mrs. Anthony C. Mr. & Mrs. Paul Lantz Mr. & Mrs. Frank Larobina Mr. & Mrs. Joseph R. Ms. Joanne M. Aver)' P’07 Mrs. Marion E. Barlow Mr. John Beck Fortunato Dr. fir Mrs. Louis J. Freedman Ms. Katherine Larrabee Nardone. Sr. Mr. Frank R. Nissel Mrs. Barbara M. Lehr Dr. & Mrs. George J. O'Donnell Mr. & Mrs. Paul A. O Hop Mr. John K. Beil Mr. fir Mrs. Robert M. Friedler Dr. Leon Friedman Mr. & Mrs. Leo Moskovitz Mr. Fred Bernard Mr. & Mrs. Eric Lee Mr. & Mrs. Thomas A. Ms. Alice Fumanti Ms. Erika Funke Lenio P 09 Kern Brothers. Inc. Max L Fainberg fir Son Ostcrhout Free Library DIAMOND ASSOCIATES Mr. & Mrs. Robert L. Bird Phils Sunoco Senice Station Mr. & Mrs. William Davidowitz Mr. Andrew J. Morris Mr. Robert Bugdal Mr. fir Mrs. Richard Burke P’07 Mrs. Jean R Pall $250,000 - S499.999 Mr. & Mrs. Shepherd Pawling Mr. fir Mrs. Steven Gale May Brothers Co. McCarthy Flower Shops Ralmark Company Mr. & Mrs. William H. Young* Mr. Thomas J. Deitz Mr. fir Mrs. Zohrab Kirkorian The Honorable fir Mrs. A. Dr. & Mrs. Haragopol Mr. fir Mrs. Dwight L. Garrett Ms. Meral Libenson Mr. Welton G. Farrar Mrs. Barbara Davenport Neville Mr. & Mrs. Clarke Bittner Dr. & Mrs. J. Scott Blase Dr. Shana L. Lcttieri Mr. & Mrs. Arnold Libenson Mr. & Mrs. Richard M. Bordeau Dr. fir Mrs. John C. Gaudio Dr. Anne Y.E Lin Ruckno Associates. Inc. HONORARY ASSOCIATES Mr. fir Mrs. Sidney Friedman Ms. Anjali D. Patel Mr. Joseph Pisano Ms. Cynthia M. Gilmer Mr. Frank J. Loch United Way of $100,000 - $249,999 Mr. fir Mrs. Thomas M. Mr. fir Mrs. John L. Pcsta P’06 Richard Caputo Ms. Donna Marie Chajko Mr. & Mrs. Ronald J. Botch Mrs. Bernardino Polak Mr. & Mrs. Manin Butkovsky Mr. fir Mrs. Peter J. Gogo Mr. & Mrs. Gary Lopresti Mrs. Leona F. Powell Mr. fir Mrs. John D. Chakan Mr. & Mrs. Jerry Postupack Mr. & Mrs. Mike Butts Mr. fir Mrs. Warren E. Gogo Dr. & Mrs. Edward Lottick Mr. Lawrence Reich fix Mrs. Mar)' Blair V. Chapuisat Mr. & Mrs. Elden Queen Dr. Antoinette B. Calderone Attorney Richard M. Goldberg Mrs. Ruth R. Lundberg Ms. Jane Cokcly Mr. & Mrs. James Quinn P 05 The Honorable William W. Ms. Grace E. Grasso Mr. fir Mrs. Frederick R. Lutz The Honorable fir Mrs. Mr. & Mrs. Kenneth G. Mr. fir Mrs. William F. Grippo Mr. fir Mrs. Merle D. Mackin Mr. & Mrs. Gar)’ Cardamonc Mrs. Janet C. Guariglia Ms. Sandra Maffei Mr-& Mrs. William E. Roman Mr. & Mrs. William Carl, Jr. Dr. Stanley S. Gutin Mrs. Rebekah N. Malkemcs Mr. & Mrs. Richard A. Rose. Jr Mr. fir Mrs. Bruce R. Chappcr Mr. fir Mrs. John F. Gyory Attorney fir Mrs. Bernard Mcsko Glass Sr Mirror Co.. Inc Montage Realty Co. National Philanthropic Remarketing Senices. Inc. Wyoming Valley Omega Bank FA Society of Health-System Pharmacists Power Engineering Voitek TA' fir Appliance. Inc. TRUSTEE ASSOCIATES Attorney & Mrs. Alan Gold WVLA Waterfall Pottery $10,000 - $99,999 Mr. fir Mrs. Edward A. Mr. Sr Mrs. Alben Boscov World Reach. Inc. Attorney Richard Gclfond Mrs. Dorothea W. Henn- Corporation Quaker Oats Company CONTRIBUTORS The REA Group. Inc. Up to $99 Service Electric Cable TV Adelphia Cable Sharper Embroidery. Inc. Shawnee Inn Sr Golf Resort Communication Apple Tree Nursery & Primal}’ School Tony Drast Panning Sr Wallccvenng W3kes-&ne Winder Clean. Inc. ~ "Z Ccunrry Gab FARLEY ASSOCIATES Bakker & Lewis Architects A. Dancheck. Inc • teahh Med. al Center Berks Cooniy Pharmacists Benels Can Coapany Inc EcernacL Eye Associates Bwiner Chevrolet Ceco Associates. Inc Craralcb; Prwfeas |r, Colour,. Horrigan Grosek, Sr. Mr. & Mrs. Frank H. Ashley Wilkerson Mr. Gaurav I. Shah Mrs. Lori Singer Mr. Brian Wildstein Richard P. Conaboy Mr. fir Mrs. Richard E. Dahlberg Hughes, Jr. Reinheimer Caldwell Ms. Diane F. Klotnia BLUE CIRCLE Ms. Nina S. Davidowitz Attorneys-Mrs. Harold Roscnn Mr. & Mrs. Keith Check Mr. fir Mrs. Barry S. Holland Mr. fir Mrs. Harold $250 - $499 Mr. fir Mrs. David C. Mr. & Mrs. Fouad Sainaha Mr. & Mrs. James Chiucchi Mr. fir Mrs. Carson C. Dcnicola Dr. & Mrs. Abdol H. Satnii Ms. Harriet Dawn Christmas Dr. Charles F. Laycock Ms. Jane K. Lampe-Groh Mr. & Mrs. Herman Baumann Ms. Phyllis Eckman Mr. Man-in Schub Mr. & Mrs. Lawrence Mr. Richard P. Schifter Mr. fir Mrs. Thomas J. Mack, Jr. Mrs. Joan A. Evans Mr. Paul L. Edenfield Attorney Michael Seller Mr. fir Mrs. William B. Sordoni Mr. & Mrs. Robert Mericle Mr. Bernard J. Ford 111 Mrs. Joan Evans Attorney & Mrs. Charles A. Mrs. Mollie Moffatt Mr. fir Mrs. William Garro, Jr. Mr. Thomas Eysmans Mr. & Mrs. Ignatius Grande Dr. Linda F. Farley Ms. Rosalie A. Shambc Mrs. Lisa Hanadcl Mr. & Mrs. Kenneth T. Gareau Dr. Donald Shandler Mr. fir Mrs. Henry L. Mr. fir Mrs. John P. Kearney FOUNDER'S CIRCLE $5,000- $9,999 Kwalwasser Attorney Norman Monhait Dr. & Mrs. Cummings A. Piatt Mrs. Barbara Allan Shaffer Ms. Carmen J. Shcllhammcr Marcus Ms. Jill A. Marlin Hoover, Sr. Mr. fir Mrs. Ron Martino Ms. Sylvia Hughes Mr. fir Mrs. David M. Mathieson Mrs. Sylvia Hurlbert Mrs. Alida M. Matusek Mr. fir Mrs. George L. Jackson Monsignor Donald McAndrews Mr. fir Mrs. Philip R. Janke Ms. Patricia D. McManus Mrs. Alcta Claire Connell Ms. Cathie J escavage Dr. fir Mrs. David M. Meyer Ms. Sally Connor Ms. Florence P. Johnson Mr. Francis A. Michael Mr. & Mrs. Frank P. Attorney fir Mrs. Ralph J. Dr. fir Mrs. Richard D. Churnctski Mr. & Mrs. Kenneth S. Colbert Best Western Genetti Hotel Mrs. Patty Gilmour Dr. George E Ralston Mr. James E. Harrington, Jr. Black Duck Grille Eresset Sr Santora. I LC Mr. E Paul Lumia Mr. Ronald Lee Sargent Mr. William Hritzak Mr. Sr Mrs. Robert T. Manin Mr. Brian Scandie Mrs. Susan Dantona Jolley Mrs. Cecilia Hansen Mr. & Mrs. Lon E Snook Ms. Margaret S. Corbett Mr. Hubert J. Jones Mr. Todd H. Milano ChemSearch Attorney Michael Schler Mr. & Mrs. Leonard Attorney Clarence Kegel Ms. Maureen Harkins Mrs. Andrea G. Sordoni Ms. Debbie Coyle Mrs. Nancy Judd Mr. fir Mrs. Irving Miller East Mountain Inn Mr. Sr Mrs. Kenneth H. Mrs. Catherine Hess The Honorable & Mrs. Ms. Doris Crowe Ms. Cheryl J. Kanouse Dr. fir Mrs. James E. Miller Mr. & Mrs. Gottfried P. Csala Mr. fir Mrs. Thomas Kaye Mr. fir Mrs. John E. Miller First bberty Bank fir Trust -1-’ Century Insurance Grc up Mr. fir Mrs. Terrence P. Astro Car Wash Back Mountain Tobacco Twin City Builders, Inc Gehrct P’07 Ms. Susan B. Gellman Valentines Jewelry’ Trust DAF •• Mrs. Ellen E. Ayre* Penugonda Taylor. Jr. Innovation Mist-On Tan Lockout House Restaurant M&T Investment Group ’•lain Hardware Store McDonalds of Mountain Top Mountain Top Video National Starch fir Chemical Foundation Ochmans Coins fz Jewelry PNC Bank Silberman Mr. & Dr. Andrew J. Sordoni Ill PRESIDENT'S CIRCLE $2500-54,999 Mr. Donald E. Cherry Mr. & Mr. Stol en N. Cohen Ms. Ann Brennan Wagner* Mr. Thomas A. Weeks Dr. David J. Wells Mr. David S. Wolf Mr. Grace J. Kirby Culbertson Mr. fz Mr. Stanley S. Davies Attorney Diana Donaldson ft Stuart Donaldson The Eugene Farley Club GOLD CIRCLE $500 - $999 Mr. & Mrs. Christian S. Mackesy Mr. & Mrs. Richard Maslow Mr. fir Mrs. Richard S. Orlowski Mrs. Darlene E Payne Mr. & Mrs. Bruce Rosenthal Attorney fir Mrs. David B. Savitz Mr. Joseph Scruda Mr. & Mrs. James Shoemaker Graham, Jr. Mr. fir Mrs. Michael P. Hinchey Ms. Ruth K. Smith Walter K. Stapleton Conyngham Johnston, Jr. Michelstein Mr. John A. Horner Dr. Sanford B. Stcrnllcb Mr. H. Bogue Cummings Mr. fir Mrs. Paul M. Kazinetz Mr. fir Mrs. W. Curtis Montz Mr. fir Mrs. David P. Hourigan Mrs. Margaret R. Sullivan Mr. William G. Dalton 111 Mr. Brian S. Keeler Mr. fir Mrs. Guilleune Morales Mrs. Nancy A. Huff Mr. & Mrs. Frederick J. Szoke Mr. David Danilack Ms. Emily D. Kessler Mr. fir Mrs. Benjamin Moskow Attorney Richard Hughes 111 Ms. Marjorie Trcthaway Ms. Virginia C. Davis Ms. Faye E. Ketncr Mr. Samuel Mould Attorney & Mrs. Keith A. Mrs. Mahsa Vahidi & Mr. Ms. Zaida DeLaCruz Ms. Virginia Kieman-Clerkin The Honorable Malcolm Muir Ms. Janet A. Delaney Mrs. Elizabeth H. Kiley Ms. Martha M. Murphy Dr. fix Mrs. John J. Della Ms. Syvia Klein Mr. fir Mrs. Jay D. Myers Mr. fir Mrs. Donald C. Dr. Gary Nataupskv Klinger. Jr. Mr. fir Mrs. Robert Kobilis Mr. fir Mrs. Richard E. Kocher Mr. fir Mrs. Daniel Nearhouse Hunter Mr. fir Mrs. James Jeffery P’06 Ms. Maribeth Jones Mr. fir Mrs. Colin Keefer Attorney Jerome Kolenda Arman Paymai Mr. & Mrs. Melvin Warshal Mr. & Mrs. William C. Wasscl Mr. Michael II. Wllcosklc Rosa, Jr. Dr. fix Mrs. Earl P. Detrick Mr. fir Mrs. Gerald O. Devlin Mrs. Susan 1. DiBonifazlo ‘Bn Hhc,| Mr. fir Mrs. Howard Newman Mr. Fred J Nev 23 �REPORT of III//' REPORT OF Gifts Giving By Class ! ! .Ms. Man I Hen Nieman .Mr. fir Mr* liniotln Nokh .Mr. fir Mrs. leoODenndl Mr.firMrs.il Jcremv Paikaid Mr Quentin A Palfrn Mr fir Mr* Louis 1 Palmeri Mr fir Mrs. Gan-A Pawk*hvn Ms Leigh E. Pawling Mr. fir Mrs. Frederick W Pennycoff, Jr. Mr. fir Mrs MtJud Pizanv P07 Mr. fir Mrs Edward Plank Dr James Pou ell Mr. fir Mrs JamesJ. Prvpkopick Mr. fir Mrs Nicholas Pyros Ms. Nicole J. Rademan \ > \ xuiimoii \ V*. ill uka* \' m Mi* D.mielt' Xiioslo \ e>: Mi* l ugcnc I \iw\ct \K Ruthxluvln Mt Thcodote I Scat loss Mx I Scku*k\ K.'bct. Mi fie Mi* I umk I Sgarlat Mi l.t-ic-* R.Khns & Di fir Mt* i dwarJ V. Shafer M. ix'iv.nv I'ashke^ Mis I’aincU t Reih.-nMy.-r Mt |ohn shaler Mt m Mr*. 1 t.uikhn ). Sheets Mr. & Mis Hjr:\ Reth.u-m Mi fir Mr* William R. Shull Mrs Maritin C KuJcIph Mr. fir Mrs Iru tn .Xigenkahhn Mr fir Mrs. D Scott Simpson Mi* A. Dewitt Smith Mr. Michael Salem Mr. Stanley Smulyan Mr. Curtis Salonick Mi Pitirick |. Solano Dr. fij Mrs. William II. Sterling Mr*. Ann II. Stine Mi*. Sue Strassman Mr. «Sr Mrs. Albert M. Strcllish Dr. Kara J. Suche Dr. fir Mrs. George W. Taggart Ms. Rose S. Tucker Attorney Joseph Van Jura Mr. Robert T. Vaughn Mr. Daniel P. Voitek Ms. Elizabeth S. Walter Mrs. Cynthia L. Wasley Ms. Florence Weber Mr. & Mrs. Bruce R. Weidmicr Ms. Lois N. Weinberg 5 Ms. Barbara Weisbergcr Dr. fiff Mrs. Daniel F. Weisbergcr Mr. & Mrs. Dudley R. Weiss Mrs. Helen Westenheffer Ms. Linda Y. Williams Mrs. Rita G. Wolbcrg Mr. & Mrs. DonaldS. Wuc Mr. Daniel J. Yeager ■cbber Mr. & Mrs. Andrew M. York Mrs. Cheryl M. Yustat Mr. & Mrs. RichardJ. Zack Mr. & Mrs. Alfonso Zangardi Ms. Anita M. Zapotoczny Ms. Marie Zdanccwicz Mr. & Mrs. Michael W. Zimmerman Ms. Barbara J. Zuzcwski MEMORIAL GIFTS TO THE Max Rosenn Lecture Series in Law and Humanities Endowment Family, friends and former law clerks of the 1 Mr. fir Mrs. Frank M. Henry’ Mr. Kelly J. Mather '58 Attorney & Mrs. David B. Savitz Mr. Fordham E. Huffman McCarthy Tire Sendee Co. Inc. Mr. Richard P. Schiftcr Attorney & Mrs. Richard Rosenn, Jenkins and Greenwald recently Ms. Patricia D. McManus Attorney Michael Schler Hughes, III Mrs. Elizabeth Grady announced their contribution of S400.000 to Attorney Michael Seller Attorney Clarence Kegel McNamara 74 Mr. Gaurav I. Shah Wilkes University to continue the annual Max Ms. Michele KenneyMs. K. Heather McRay Mrs. Susan W. Shoval, CPCU Rosenn Lecture Series in Law and Humanities. Ms. Emily D. Kessler Dr. & Mrs. Richard D. Ms. Tracy M. Smith Mr. Allan P. Kirby. Jr. Thank you to all who so generously contributed. Michelstein Mrs. Andrea G. Sordoni Mr. & Mrs. Zohrab Kirkorian Attorney Norman Monhait Honorable & Mrs. Walter K. Ms. Diane F. Klotnia Mr. Stephen M. Albrecht Mr. Andrew J. Morris Stapleton Mr. & Mrs. Stanley S. Davies Mr. David E. Koff Mr. Larry D. Amdur ’57 Mr. & Mrs. Leo Moskovitz Mr. Avi Szenberg Diana fir Stuart Donaldson Attorney Daniel L. Koffsky Benco Denial Company The Honorable Malcolm Muir Attorney David L. Thomas Earth Conservancy Ms. Joan Kripke Bergman Foundation Mr. & Mrs. Paul A. O'Hop Mr. Paul L Edenfield WVIA TV/FM Mr. fir Mrs. Harold Kwalwasser Dr. & Mrs. J. Scott Blase Mr. Quentin A. Palfrey Attorney Linda Fisher Mrs. Edward Welles Ms. Robin Sue Landsburg Bresse’ fir Samora. LLC Dr. Leon Friedman Mr. & Mrs. Richard L. Pearsall Ms. Jeanne C. Wideman ’69 Ms. Sylvia Lane Dr. Frednc S. Brown 73 Mr. fir Mrs. Steven Gale Mr. & Mrs. Nicholas Pyros Mr. Brian Wildstein The Honorable William W. Mr. fir Mrs. Paul Lantz Geisinger Health System Ms. Nicole J. Rademan Mr. David S. Wolf Caldwell The Honorable Donald P. LayAttorney Richard Gelfond Mr. & Mrs. Stephen Rademan Wyoming Valley Health Care Mr. fir Mrs. Henn. Canoy Senator fir Mrs. Charles D. Ms. Susan B. Gdlman Mr. Lawrence Reich & System, Inc. Ms. Harriet Dawn Christmas Lemmond. Jr. Dr. fir Mrs. Joseph E. Gilmour Ashley Wilkerson Young Lawyers Div, Mr. Harrison J. Cohen Mr. fir Mrs. Jerome R. Goldstein Mr. fir Mrs. Arnold Libenson Mr. & Mrs. Kenneth G. Lackawanna Bar Association Mr fir Mrs Mark J Cohen 66 Dr. fir Mrs. Edwin L. Lyons Mr. fir Mrs. Michael 1. Mr. & Mrs. Richard J. Zack Reinheimer Mr & Mrs. Steven N Cohen MfirT Investment Group Gottdenker The Honorable Richard P. Mr. Richard S. Zarin Dr. fir Mrs. Michael MacDowell Mrs. Mary B. Rhodes M77 Mr. fir Mrs. Ignatius Grande Ms. Sarah Rinehimer Mr. Jonah Zimilcs Attorney Paul William Greater Wilkes-Barre Chamber Mt fir Mrs.Joseph Gondron' Rosenn, Jenkins & MacGregor and Industry Mr. H Bogue Cummings —of—Business nnred G Other Memorial Gifts Greenwald, LLP Mr. & Mrs. Merle D. Mackin Mr fir Mrs. Alfred Groh 41 Mr. fir Mis. Richard E Dahlberg Dr. Stanley S. Gulin Dr. Sylvia Dworski Attorney & Mrs. Bernard Marcus Mr. & Mrs. Bruce Rosenthal Mr. David G Dargatis Mrs. Ruth Klugcr Harris 46 Mr. & Mrs. Marvin Schuh Mr. & Mrs. Daniel Marsh 1Mr. Michael D. Rosenthal Mr. & Mrs. William J24 Mr. & Mrs. Richard Maslow >Mrs. Margaret Sammon Attorney James J. Sandman Uniphrcd, Sr. '52 late Judge Max Rosenn and the law firm of ! giving by Class CLASS OF 1935 CLASS OF 1940 The Eugene Farley Club The John Wilkes Society GOLD CIRCLE JOHN WILKES ASSOCIATES $500 - $999 Robert H. Melson $1,000- $2,499 George W. Bierly* CONTRIBUTORS The Eugene Farley Club Up to $99 Luther D. Arnold FARLEY ASSOCIATES $100-5249 Henry C. Johnson CLASS OF 1937 CONTRIBUTORS Up to $99 Charlotte Rcichlin Cutler Rita Seitchek Dicker Milton Edelman Joseph C. Kelly Elizabeth Womelsdorf Mitchell Jeannette Jones Phethean CLASS OF 1943 FARLEY ASSOCIATES $100- $249 Treveryan Williams Speicher $500 - $999 Rose Gorgold Licbman* Up to $99 James B. Aikman John D. Batey Leon F. Waze ter FARLEY ASSOCIATES CLASS OF 1941 $100 -$249 Matjoric Honey-well Cummins The John Wilkes Society GOLD CIRCLE JOHN WILKES ASSOCIATES CONTRIBUTORS Up to $99 Harriet Thalcnfeld Gray Leon E Rokosz CLASS OF 1938 The Eugene Farley Club CONTRIBUTORS Up to $99 Margaret Bendock Towers Ernest Weisbergcr llaria Stemiuk Zubritzky' CLASS OF 1939 The Eugene Farley Club FARLEY ASSOCIATES $100-5249 Darina J. Tuhy $1,000 -$2,499 Alfred Groh* Op tu $99 J“lia Place Bertsch Bc,,y Davidson Braun t>orolby Smalles Nutt The Eugene Farley Club The John Wilkes Society BLUE CIRCLE JOHN WILKES ASSOCIATES S250 - $499 Gifford S. Cappcllini $1,000-$2,499 Joseph J. Savitz FARLEY ASSOCIATES $100-$249 The Eugene Farley Club Jean Steele Iba' $250 - $499 Helen Stapleton Schmitt Miriam Golightly Baumann CONTRIBUTORS Up to $99 Betty Woolcock De Witt Man- Hutchko Flanagan Harn- S. Katz Pearl Kaufman John C. Keeney BLUE CIRCLE Arnold H. Nachlis CONTRIBUTORS Up to $99 Florence Jones Bower2 Louise Saba Carol Evelyn Feinstein Eiscnstadt Harvey Trachtenberg2 CLASS OF 1946 The Eugene Farley Club FARLEY ASSOCIATES FARLEY ASSOCIATES $100-5249 Elmo M. Clemente Albert J. Donnelly John E. Gorski Anna Chcponis Lewis William H. Lewis William Melnyk Muriel Bransdorf Mintzcr Shirley Phillips Passed William H. Rice Eugene L. Shaver CLASS OF 1944 $100-$249 Ralph G. Beane FARLEY ASSOCIATES The John Wilkes Society CONTRIBUTORS CONTRIBUTORS $100-$249 Thomas E. Brislin Kenneth Krcsslcr Carolyn Jane Nagro Lowum Irene Sauciunas Santarelli PRESIDENT’S CIRCLE Up to $99 Miriam Levinson Brand Ruth Klugcr Harris Jean Lampert Lewis Up (O $99 Frances Wilki Abribat Anthony J. Bartolctti Claire Fischer Bcissingcr Margaret Hughes Coats Rhuea Williams Culp Robert J. Dido John J. Fetch Clement L. Majchcr The Eugene Farley Club CLASS OF 1942 The Eugene Farley Club $2,500 - $4,999 Louise S. Hazeltine1 The Eugene Farley Club FARLEY ASSOCIATES CLASS OF 1947 $100-$249 Ruth Punshon-Joncs George Papadoplos2 The Eugene Farley Club GOLD CIRCLE $500 - $999 Stefana Hoyniak Shoemaker FARLEY ASSOCIATES contributors CLASS OF 1948 The Eugene Farley Club CONTRIBUTORS The Eugene Farley Club CLASS OF 1945 $100 -$249 Joseph B. Farrell Katherine P. Freund Sallyanne Frank Rosenn Joseph G. Sweeney CONTRIBUTORS Up to $99 Walter R. Coats2 Kathryn Hiscox Quinn2 Ruth Tischlcr Voelker Arthur C. Williams FARLEY ASSOCIATES $100 - $249 Harris R. Boyce George J. Kuzmak, Sr. Walter E. Margie Nathaniel W. Trembath CONTRIBUTORS Up to $99 Margaret Holloway Manchester Joseph V. Pringle George J. Trebilcox CLASS OF 1949 The John Wilkes Club TRUSTEE ASSOCIATES $10.000-$99,999 Clayton J. Karambelas2 JOHN WILKES ASSOCIATES $1.000-$2,499 Jean Reiter Hughes Edwin M. Kosik 25 '’'■'Hhcl '(Juiir •'Agrnl �11 REPORT OF Gifts REPORT?- <■ Giving By Class I .Arlene Pletcher Garfield2 The Eugene Furlev Chib >"k» ■ GOLD CIRCLE S500-S999 Doris Gorka Bartuska1 George E Brodbeck Donald L Honeywell Albert J. Stratton BLUE CIRCLE $250 - $499 Austin C. Bisbing, Jr.1 Leonard J. Shetline Joseph Sooby. Jr. I l Lomr.nc vr.is.i\.tgc v.e«.‘CA. Ralph F Hodgscn James Monash Carol Weiss Morrison Ravmond B. W illiams CLASS OF 1950 The John Wilkes Society TRUSTEE ASSOCIATES $10,000 - $99,999 FARLEY ASSOCIATES Don C. Follmer’ $100-5249 Shirley Rees Fleet William Allan Plummer Up to $99 Shirley SalsburgBcrn RobcitS K.ipm l\'!oiv> Passed DiMaggio William D. Kiselis lean Puoiv Erickson Francis B. Krzywicki Norman E. Cromack Walter E. Mokyohic’ Mario E. Lizzi2 Carl H. DeWitt Victor Minelola Wade W. Hayhurst FARLEY ASSOCIATES Angelo P. Pascucci George R Heffernan lr $kV-S24‘> Augustus G Burby ‘ William H. Perry Frank Celmer Barbara Mcdland Farley John R. Semmer Arthur W. Bloom William Holak Harold J. Hymen Evan R. Sorber Arthur A. Johnson Allan Strassman* Paul E. HufF Thomas JJordan Anthony Urban2 Edward H. Lidz Virginia Meissner Nelson CLASS OF 1951 Robert S. Tether Charles F. Woodring CLASS OF 1952 JOHN WILKES ASSOCIATES Elva Fuller Parker The John Wilkes Society The John Wilkes Society $1,000 - $2,499 Lawrence B. Pelesh TRUSTEE ASSOCIATES James M. Hofford Betty Kanarr Bierly* Francis Pinkowski2 $10,000-$99,999 TRUSTEE ASSOCIATES $10,000 - $99,999 William G Jones Dorothy Wilkes Lewis Edwin L. Johnson Edgar C. Plummer William A. Perlmuth Nancy Ralston Grogan Thomas M. Gill2 Peter Glowacki2 Daniel Sherman Clemence A. Scott Priscilla Sweeney Smith Robert L. WilliamsJr. William J. Umphrcd, Sr. GOLD CIRCLE CONTRIBUTORS Nicholas A. Heineman JOHN WILKES ASSOCIATES 51,000 - 52,499 CONTRIBUTORS $500 - $999 Up to $99 Harrj' R. Hiscox Lee Ann Jakes Johnson’ Up to $99 Robert Anthony Clyde H. Ritter Jack W. Brobyn Edna Sabol Andrews Robert McFadden Julius Brand The Eugene Farley Club Mary Porter Evans GOLD CIRCLE wary H. Williams '72 M'79, the Alumni Campaign Chairperson, is a distinguished alumnus of the university who promoted annual unrestricted giving by contact with alumni/friends through various forms of communication. He also served as a source of advice in reviewing the plans and strategies relating to the direction of the Wilkes Fund. CONTRIBUTORS BLUE CIRCLE Up to $99 CONTRIBUTORS Up to $99 $250 - $499 Arthur R. Boole Gail Laines Chase William R. Glace Roland E. Featherman2 David L. Hoats2 Louis P. DeFalco Henry W. Deibel FARLEY ASSOCIATES $100 -5249 Barbara Winslow Howlett1 Joshua J. Kaufman Monroe 11. Firestone Ralph S. Harrison2 George J. Elias Leona Goldberg Markiewitz Helen Stocckel Hessler Carl R. Urbanski Lewis B. Giuliani Doris Jane Sadowski Merrill2 Joan Wachowski Michalski Basia Micszkowski Jaworski1 Dolores O’Connell Kane2 CONTRIBUTORS Rodion J. Russin Thomas J. Lane Robert W. McGurrin Richard Murray Nancy Morris Phethean Charles W. Robinson John J. Schultz Jerome Stein $250 - 5499 Elizabeth Badman Campbell Charles T. Rcice John B. Vale Albert F. Orzechowski John S. Prater Dorcas Younger Kocnigsberger 2 John P. Kushncrick Up to $99 William E. Caruth George McMahon Albert J. Wallace Robert S. Rydzewski Phyllis Schrader Mensch Earl R. Bahl Thomas R. Sarnecky Chester H. MillerJr. Lena Misson Baur Larry D. Amdur FARLEY ASSOCIATES CONTRIBUTORS William W. Walp Charles B. Neely Nasser N. Bonheur $100-5249 Michael Herman Jr. Up to $99 Edward E. Yarasheski Jan A. Olcnginski2 Robert B. Chase Jr. Benjamin Omilian Beverly Falkinburg Hildebrand Helen Krachenfcls Reed David T. Shearer Frances Hopkins Jordan Thomas R. Adams Philip D. Husband Joseph J. Kropiewnicki* James T. Atherton Harrison Cook Carl Karassik Stephen C. Thomas CLASS OF 1956 The John Wilkes Society Joseph J. Mosier Katherine Goctzman Peckham JOHN WILKES ASSOCIATES CONTRIBUTORS June E. Stevens Patricia Stout Williams' Up to 599 Peter Wurm Sandor Yclcn Paul B. Beers2 CLASS OF 1955 Fay Jaffe Berg Marie Zanowicz Kruska Jean Schraeder Kuchinskas CLASS OF 1957 51,000-$2,499 Roland R. Leonard Frances Yeager Miller The John Wilkes Society Patricia Reese Morris TRUSTEE ASSOCIATES The Eugene Farley Club $10,000-$99,999 Lois Myers Martin J. Novak gold circle Eugene Roth Phyllis Walsh Powell Barbara Bialogawicz Fitzgerald FOUNDER'S CIRCLE John J. Witinski $500 - $999 Bernard Rubin Helen Bitler Ralston The John Wilkes Society Gerald Smith1 Leonard Feld FOUNDER'S CIRCLE Clarence C. Givens $5,000 - $9,999 Charles A. Giunta $5,000 - $9,999 Joseph F. Wilk Seymour Holtzman The Eugene Farley Club Dolores Roth Karassik Richard L. Bunn CLASS OF 1958 William H. Trcmayne The John Wilkes Society GOLD CIRCLE Isabel Ecker Moore2 BLUE CIRCLE S500 - S999 Lucille Reese Pierce2 JOHN WILKES ASSOCIATES $250 - $499 PRESIDENT’S CIRCLE DIAMOND ASSOCIATES $250 - $499 Carol Reynar Hall Frank M. Radaszewski2 $1,000 - $2,499 Fred J. Bootc $2,500 - $4,999 $250,000 - $499,999 Joseph G. Bcndoraitis Adeline Elvis Stein Dorothy Hamaker Roden Dean A. Arvan2 Clifford R. Brautigan2 Jesse H. Chopcr Harr)’J. Moyle* Marvin Bransdorf Carroll Stein Myra Kornzweig Smulyan Leo R. Kane James F. Ferris Leslie P. Weiner Leo E. Solomon2 Charles M. Reilly Michael J. Perlmuth Donald C. Kivler BLUE CIRCLE BLUE CIRCLE Elsie Giuliani Yarasheski FARLEY ASSOCIATES $249 - $499 Carol Jones Young $100 -$249 J. Louis Bush Leonard S. Anthony Lorna Coughlin Dane Patricia Boyd Brady Robert D. Morris Helene Donn Evans recruit Class Agents and offer their thoughts and experiences to • ■ kes Fund Appeals to give them a personal touch. William L. Evans FARLEY ASSOCIATES John Grcsh $100-5249 Fred D. Hoffman Albert T. Cole Charles E Jackson Paul J. Delmore Joseph A. Fattorini, Jr. Stanley J. Kicszck D. Joseph Pchnoter William C. Siglin James D. Truinbower Jeanne Claypool Van Newenhizen Vester V. Vcrcoc, |r. ■ Rolland Viti The Eugene Farley Club CLASS OF 1954 FOUNDER'S CIRCLE JOHN WILKES ASSOCIATES $5,000 - $9,999 $1,000 -$2,499 Beverly Blakeslee Hiscox Robert A. Mugford gold circle FARLEY ASSOCIATES Lawrence E. Cohen $500 - $999 $100-5249 John S. Klimchak Ronald J. Fitzgerald2 Marianna Kraynack Banash2 George Kolesar PRESIDENT'S CIRCLE $2,500 - 54,999 Andrew V. Barovich FARLEY ASSOCIATES Jean Kravitz Barr)'2 The Eugene Farley club $100-5249 George H. Battcrson GOLD CIRCLE J. Warren Blakcr Mar)' Zavatski Croce $500 - $999 JOHN WILKES ASSOCIATES James W. Dull Nancy Batchcler Juris Bcttijane Long Eisenpreis $1,000-52,499 Howard E. Ennis Jr.2 Younsu Koo Judith Hopkins Robert V. Lynch2 BLUE CIRCLE Bruce S. Warshal Joan Shoemaker $250 - $499 Don E. Wilkinson Arthur E. Irndorf Samuel R. Shugar Melvin E. McNew William 1 J. Williams' Dorothy E. Istvan John J. Kearney Carl Van Dyke Mar)' Kozak Motsavage Victoria Zavatski Wallace Michael J. Weinberger $100-$249 GOLD CIRCLE Daniel S. Dzury Carl Albert Fosko2 Russell R. Pictonjr. Paul P. Zavada Howard A. Gonchar Joseph D. Piorkowski Louis E Steck1 John L. Coates William M. Parish $500 - $999 David Rosser HONORARY ASSOCIATES $100,000- $249,999 Edward A. Venzel* trustee associates $10,000 - 599,999 William G. Hart Norma Carey Vale Edward Grogan Thomas D. Stine Richard Todd Constance Kamarunas Schaefer2 The John Wilkes Society Class Chairs are alumni who promote annual unrestricted giving eommunioate with ctassma,es „ The Eugene Farley Club Myron N. Dungey Preston R. Eckmeder $500 - $999 Robert W. Hall Class Chairs & Agents The Eugene Farley Club FOUNDER'S CIRCLE 55,000 - $9,999 The Eugene Farley Club John J. Yorck blue circle William J. Hopkins Gwcnn Clifford Smith2 Louis Polombo’ chia.lnWang Rutkowski Jean Nordstrom Sutherland CLASS OF 1953 Samuel L. Owens Jerome N. Mintzer i CONTRIBUTORS Margaret Ashman Hodgson Raymond S. Kinback2 JOHN WILKES ASSOCIATES CONTRIBUTORS S1.000- $2,499 Up to $99 Alexander D. Shaw 111 Howard L. Updyke Ronald D. Trcmayne Kelly J. Mather FARLEY ASSOCIATES Vincent P. Herron Jr. The Eugene Farley Club Thomas I. Myers Peter R. Pisancschi 26 27 • Pt'iC.l'C.I •Chuir W11 ‘Deceased 'Chair •Agent \ �report OF Gift5 REPORT OF Gifts Giving By Class Gnms Pv cla5S Josef M- Rccsc The Eugene blue circle gold circle S250-J499 Harn’ B. Davenport George Ginadcr Edmund J- Kotuh $500-5999 Paul J. Tracy David E- Vann James Ward Marilyn Davis Ward Robert L. Dickerson A. John Dimond The John Wilkes Society Bernard R. Shupp Joseph M.Dr02d FOUNDER'S CIRCLE Basil Smith Robert V. Stevens RobertJ. Hewitt Wilbur N. Dottcr David R. Edwards C. Eugene Stickler ^'garetChurchiilKu(rn R. Dale Wagner Robert A. Martin Robert D. Washburn Carl J. Meyers $5,000 - 59.999 ian Evelyn Krohn Holtznu JOHN WILKES ASSOCIATES BLUE CIRCLE Emilie Roat Gino 5250 - $499 Elisabeth Schwartz King2 Peter W. Pcrog Robert C. Morgan FARLEY ASSOCIATES Merri Jones Earl Emma Minemier Firda Clarence Michael Raymond G. Yanchus Emmanuel J. Ziobro CLASS OF 1961 Diana Williams Morgan Joyce Roberts Murray June Patrylak Neff Patricia Capers Pctrasek Arthur J. Rehn Paul A. Schecter GOLD CIRCLE FARLEY ASSOCIATES $100-$249 Louis D. Davis, Jr. Patricia A. Levandoski $2,500 - $4,999 Jean Broody Azar Robert W. Vercspy Fred R. Demcch,Jr. Donald E. Devans William J. Donovan Frederick J. Williams Nancy Bonham Hontz Emil J. Pctrasek The Eugene Farley Club $500 - $999 $100- 5249 Marguerite L Allen Carolyn Goeringer Basler Joseph J. Chisariek Judith Ruggcrc Schall $1,000 - $2,499 John Morenko r Farley Club Robert J. Pitcl Andrew R. Sabol CLASS OF 1960 Frederick J. Hills Arnold M. Hoeflich Lynne Hcrskovilz Warshal VcraWroblePitd William J. Po«H The John Wilkes Society' PRESIDENT'S CIRCLE Paul J. Earl BLUE CIRCLE JOHN WILKES ASSOCIATES Evald R. Eskilson $250 - $499 $1,000 -52,499 John R. Rokita Beverly Major Schwartz CLASS OF 1962 CONTRIBUTORS Up to $99 John S. Adams CONTRIBUTORS Up to $99 Ronald L. Baldwin The John Wilkes Society Charles J. Gareis Jane Norton Granitzki Thomas P. Korshalla John Walter Kluchinski Joseph N. Molski Nancy Jane Carroll Kolesar Ruth Booroin Melberger Lois Jago Martin E Tansy William F. Raub Carl E Juris Lawrence P. Williams Nello Augustine CONTRIBUTORS Up to S99 Judith Valunas Barr Alice Cole Bartlett Lillian Bodzio Caffrey Paul A. Battisti Marj' Barone Barone Du Mont Joyce A. Cavallini Lynne Dcntc William E. Davis, Jr. John Evanish, Jr. Robert G. Fleming Joan Hand Dupkanick John H. Farrell R. Lawrence Gubanich Robert E. Herman Charles E. Johns Jorgie A. Grimes Lois A. Kutish Gloria Silverman Kasper Wcndclin Domboski Moberg Joseph Kutzmas Stuart W. Lawson, Jr. Stanley Orlowski Ruth H. McDermott Lynne Stockton Mutart Joan Pitncry Peters Clare Draper Myers Elaine Wishtart Raksis Ray R. Pisaneschi Ellis R. Myers John E Sheehan Jeffrey S. Raschal John A. Nork William A. Rishko Stephen W Schwartz* Richard R. Snopkowski Virginia Scrimgeour Ravin Vicki Burton Sabol Evelyn Jaffe Raschal Barbara S. Soyka Eugene A. Macur Gloria Marlin Geraldine M. Tarantini Bonnie Lewis Turchin Mar}' Muench Rosencrance Theresa M. Sapp F. Charles Petrillo Wayne W. Thomas Helen M. Tinsley Eleanor Brehm Watts Barbara Ann Yuscavage Catherine Skopic Sandra S. Feldman Florence Billings Finn Evelyn Hudyck Gibbons Andrew J. Hassay joyce Medlock Jones John J. Miller Joanne Pisaneschi Olcjnick David S. Peters Marsha Hcffran Peters Raymond J. Peters Carol Brushkoski Rehn Joseph Weinkle TRUSTEE ASSOCIATES 510,000 - $99,999 CONTRIBUTORS Up lo $99 CLASS OF 1963 The John Wilkes Society FOUNDER’S CIRCLE Gerard J. Zezza, Jr. CLASS OF 1964 Jane Cochran Chambers Molly Boyle Krafchik Mark R. Bencivengo John S. Cavallini Mark Cohen Esther Schwartz Dorkin Dwight E. Giles. Sr. Carol Mazur Glowzenski Robert C. Harding Georgia Bershec Jenkins Grace Jones Kutzmas W. David Larmouth II Donna Pudlosky Porzucek Martha Houtz Redding Flora Anderson Weber CLASS OF 1965 William Schneider Margaret Transuc Williams Jane Jancik Stevens The John Wilkes Society Rose Hallet Williams Charlene Nalbach Yanchik Dolores Barone Slraka JOHN WILKES ASSOCIATES Suzanne Bellone Kopko Frederick E. Weber $5,000 - $9,999 The John Wilkes Society SI.000- $2,499 Jerry A. Mohn Rowena Simms Mohn PRESIDENT'S CIRCLE Catherine De Angelis The Eugene Farley Club PRESIDENT’S CIRCLE 52,500 - $4,999 $2,500 - 54,999 G. Joseph Rogers The John Wilkes Society GOLD CIRCLE Frank H. Mcnakcr.Jr. Harvey I. Rosen Rachael Phillips Dziak B. William Vanderburg Natalie Kowalski Vanderburg PRESIDENT’S CIRCLE $2,500 - $4,999 CLASS OF 1967 Mary Kay Barrett Rotert Roger A. Rolfe The John Wilkes Society Gerald Minturn Albert E Mlynarski Theresa Mozzarella Morrow John P. Karolchyk1 Juanita Patience Moss John Q. Mask III FARLEY ASSOCIATES Mary Craig Pugh Edward McCafferty $100-5249 5500 - 5999 Shirley Hitchncr Davis CLASS OF 1966 Paul D. Weseley Mar}- Zezza Warren W. Schmid Chester J. Nocek Kay Lytle Ainley Lam- G. Pugh Beverly Nagle Barnick Dorothy J. Ford JOHN WILKES ASSOCIATES $1,000-$2,499 JOHN WILKES ASSOCIATES Melinda Passarelli Sokol $1,000-$2,499 The Eugene Farley Club The Eugene Farley Club Thomas Bamick Patricia Boyle Heaman Joseph J. Ncetz Mar}' Regalis Akhauser GOLD CIRCLE GOLD CIRCLE JOHN WILKES ASSOCIATES $2,500-4.999 Christopher H. Loesch, Jr. Estelle Manos Sotirhos Gerald A. Moffatt 5500 - 5999 5500 - 5999 $1,000-$2,499 Michael A. Dziak Robert T. Bond Edward J. Comstock Carol Saidman Greenwald Gcrald F. Weber BLUE CIRCLE The Eugene Farley Club The Eugene Farley Club Gilbert A. Gregory Anthony J. Parulis2 David Greenwald Alan C. Krieger BLUE CIRCLE The Eugene Farley Club $1.000-$2,499 Robert A. Sokol Charles A. Sorber Robert C. Zajkowski Arlene R. Tanalski Walter J. Grzymski Anthony M. Bianco Rose M. Weinstein Allyn C. Jones Susan Shoff Bianco Robert J. Yokavonus Beverlyann Butler Phillips PRESIDENT'S CIRCLE John G. Carling Ann Dixon Young Ronald G. Phillips 5250 - $499 BLUE CIRCLE GOLD CIRCLE Arthur S. Christianson Carl V Zoolkoskr Anthony J. Sankus Gill Ho Bai 5250 - 5499 $500 - $999 Robert J. Sislian Leonard M. Gonchar Janet Simpson Dingman2 Erwin E Guetig BLUE CIRCLE $250 - $499 GOLD CIRCLE Gerard A. McHale. Jr. Robert A. Ruggiero $250 - $499 Mary Field Grohowski $500 - $999 Neil L. Millar Richard O. Burns Ronald P. Grohowski Irene Myhowycz Daniel J. Lyons Ronald D. Kosmala Holzcmhalcr The Eugene Farley Club Sheldon W. Lawrence BLUE CIRCLE BLUE CIRCLE John Malloy Janet Jones Crawford Ruth Younger Davidson CONTRIBUTORS Patricia Fushek Skibbs Jay P. Keller Warren P. Greenberg1 Lee William Eckert Up to $99 Roy H. Vanwhy Albert R. Stralka Joel P. Harrison2 Naoma Kaufer Feld Charles S. Butler Raye Thomas Wileman Thomas E Jenkins Robert E. Dans2 Richard R. Wileman Vngima Leonard! Joseph G Macaravage James L Eidam Martha James Flanigan Card HaDas McGinley Robert A. Florio Rosensary Gutkoski Moran A. Jennie Hill Jacqueline Oliver Stevens Albert P. Kuchinskas Jerome J. Stone Sylvia Rapp Kully Roben C. Sutherland Joan Grish McSweyn Drr.d H. Weber George S. Morris r_cnard E. Wozniak Patricia Yost Pisaneschi Jacqueline M. Young John S. Salva* CLASS OF 1959 The John Wilkes Society George R. Schall John N. Shoemaker Terry Lee Smith Gustave E. Sundbcrg JOHN WILKES ASSOCIATES 51.000-$2,499 Samuel M. Davenport Marianne Levenoskie Van Blarcom David K. Wagner CONTRIBUTORS FARLEY ASSOCIATES FARLEY ASSOCIATES Jane Downin Aiderman $100- $249 5100-5249 Jeanne Depew Attenborough Kenneth D. Antonini $250 - $499 Waller Narcum Jane Edwards Bonomo Catherine Brader Butler W. Marshall Evans Diane Wynne Shallcross Dana Saladon Del Bonis David M. Closterman E. William Kaylor, Jr. Russell G. Shallcross Neil Dougherty Doris Evans Closterman Ruth Partilla Narcum James J. Vidunas $100-$249 $100 -5249 Harr}' Collier Miriam Vaskorlis Cooper Up to $99 Marie Honcharik Basta Henry' A. Greener Barbara Bachman Edwards Nancy Rosenfeld Greener Frank I. Edwards Gale Hughes James Virginia Lyons Hoesl Maurice James Jean Sabatino Ide Benjamin J. Matteo Patricia A. Krull Mary' Bender Pinkowski Lou-Ella Merin FARLEY ASSOCIATES Willard S. Achuff Philip J. Amico Lynne Boyle Austin Marilyn Warburton Lutter John A. Hosage FARLEY ASSOCIATES FARLEY ASSOCIATES $100- $249 Frank M. Scutch James S. Skesavagc Donald Murray Judith Warnick Richard J. Myers Jule Znaniecki Wnorowski Robert L. Evans, Sr. Elizabeth Tubridy Fairchild Judith Butchko Gallagher Ann Znaniecki Grzym* CONTRIBUTORS Jadwiga Horbaczewski Price Up to $99 Theodore R. Begun Jeremiah E. Berk Phyllis Cackowski Kempinski BreniJ. O'Connell Nancy A. Palazzolo David C. Peters Stephen E. Phillips Vivian Cardoni Katsoc Nancy Martin Lynn Julia Buckovich Piatt fatricia Rossi Pisano Joseph W. Raksis Mic>tael A. Russin $250- $499 Erin McCormack Gallagher James B. Jenkins Clinton G. Hess Leslie Tobias Jenkins FARLEY ASSOCIATES Raymond P. Ardan Joseph Kruczek Joseph P. McAndrew $100 - $249 Paul Bavitz Sally Cohen Levy Leon E. Obrzut Jeanne Martin Dhavale Richard H. Disquc Richard Allan Morgan Marian Markle Pool David R. Dugan Millicent Knierim Russell H. Jenkins Barbara Liberasky Nowicki Josephine Signorelli Russin $100-$249 Stephen Seligc Vincent J- Smith Rachel AhavillaW"^ Jolln E- Tredinnick Charles H. Schmauch Edward J. Wilk Peter Winebrakc Mary Russin Platzcr Joseph Leonard A. Yankosky, Jr. Judith Sisco Shotwell Ernest John Krutc Donald W. Ungemah JoAnn Margolis Ellen Chcrgosky Verhanovitz contributor Up lo $99 FARLEY ASSOCIATE Leland D. Freidcnburg, Jr. John A. Gavcnonis Ralph B. Pinskcy William D. Peters John D. Phillips JOHN WILKES ASSOCIATES William C. Pcrrego Peter S. Phillips Richard G. Raspen �report of Gifts report of Giving By Class A. Dan Murray Eduard J- Podehl Maureen Savage Szish Windsor S. Thomas Elizabeth Scholl William A. Trethaway Elizabeth Dougherty Wood FARLEY ASSOCIATES 51011-5249 CONTRIBUTORS Up co 5q4 Marian Kies Babiak Anna Bankas Cardoni Barbara Simms Chamberlain Shares Tenney Everett Vireizia Rome Grabowski David D. Baum Thomas Ccbula Jovcc Christian Detter Douglas D. Fawbush Janis Hughes Fau bush Nano Leland Frey Barn Gold Zdzislawa Paciej Harms Marilyn Caprionc Heffron Hmeke Ito Karan Jerry Kadrfct Vcrzre SEpcsh Noetker B. Resncxxe William C. Shcrbin Eduard H. Williams Richard T. Simonson William Steel The John Wilkes Society FOUNDER'S CIRCLE Margery Fishman Ufbcrg 55,000 - 59.999 Marjorie Shaffer Victor John J. Chopack Jeanne Martorclli Wideman David C. Williams PRESIDENT'S CIRCLE Joseph Yozviak 52,500 - 54.999 Cvnthia Wisniewski Weber Robert L. Zcglarski CONTRIBUTORS Robert C Klotz Marian Zaledonts Kovacs $1,000 - $2,499 Robert W. Ashton Patrick J. Burke Jeannette Spott Barnes Gerald E. Missal Brian McGrath Earl E. Bitely Lee M. Philo Nancy Hawk Merryman Donald J. Chick Paul A. Wcndcr Carol Sladin Clothier Lawrence B. Collins The Eugene Farley Clubi GOLD CIRCLE 5500 - 5999 Lillian Geida Dzwilefsky Raymond T. Downey Thomas R. Fox prances Jasiulervicz Youngblood Robert H. Davis Nancy Charles Williams ponna-Su Brown Zeglarski Susan Staniorski Davis Lucretia Geiger Woolf Daniel R. Gennett William E Ryan, Jr. RonaldJ. Gabriel Howard Weinberg John T. Harmer CONTRIBUTORS $10,000 - $99,999 John Michael Ccfaly, jr Margaret Hlipkowsk'i Sotdonj JOHN WILKES ASSOCIATES SI.000 - 52,499 Up to $99 Carl J- Babushko2 Phyllis Sun Cheng Karen Kelly Chepolis Steven Chromey Carl L. Cook Anita Rein Coplan Dan E Kopcn The Eugene Farley Club GOLD CIRCLE S500 - $999 RonaldJ. Dclcsc Phyllis L. Gaydos Susan Trenkamp Harmer David W. Kutz Rcncc Mucci Klcm Cherylynn Petyak Gibson CLASS OF 1972 Joseph N. Ishlcy William J. Murphy The John Wilkes Society Barbara Ward Nixon Judith Potestivo Ogin JOHN WILKES ASSOCIATES $1,000 - 52,499 Richard E. Ogin Anthony M. Cardinale Jean Gordon Otto Laura Barbera Cardinale Kenneth Rosencrance James Garofalo George M. Shendock William A. Hanbury Andrew R. Sinnott Gary H. Williams William Umbach Guy J. Comparctta Sandra Holl Comparetta Alice Hadsall Davis Frank Dcssoyc Anne Musto-Van Noy Draj Jgon Larry D. Fabian Jane A. Fircstinc Jill Yanoshak Gagliardi Barbara Dcmko Garcia George B. Gettinger Kathleen Kotcrba Goobic James A. Gribb Benjamin R. Jones Patricia Baranoski Jula2 Larry R. Volkcl The Eugene Farley Club Jacquelyn Van Tuyle Kelly Alexis Buchina Koss2 BLUE CIRCLE Jacqueline Falk McGinley Barbara Morrison Squeri Daniel L. Alters $250 - $499 Rosemary Baratta Novak2 John E. Squeri John A. Silcski Evelyn Rygwalski Snyder John C. Baranowski Robert J. Cooney Carlton E. Phillips2 Marvin L. Stein Kaye Harding Stcfanick Marj' Nasielski Battista Sopon Dewitya Patricia Phillips William R. Tarbart Elva Costello Valentine Mary MacArthur Bennett Eric D. Hoover Brenda Schmidt Silberman Theodore J. Tramaloni Anne Gruscavage Sample2 John P. Chcrundolo Nazzareno E. Paciotti2 Stephanie Pufko Umbach Linda Samucl-Bickford BLUE CIRCLE CLASS OF 1971 Richard D. Ciufcrri Eugene G. Pappas Linda Burkhardt Schultz $250 - $499 Leonard Matysczak Marianne Kolojejchick Matysczak John J. Cusumano Brent S. Spiegel Sandra Walters Sheruda* 51,000-52,499 Ronald J. Jacobs $250 - $499 Thomas A. Costanzo Anthony J. Honko Barbara McNicholl Scarpino Anne Aimetti Thomas George J. Matz Alvin Justan E Beyer Dori S. Jaffe Helene Kuchinskas Dainowski Kay L. Huber Joan Tyree E:zzrd G. Cznmer Sharon G. Telban Raymond B. Luckenbach Charles J. Tharp Jean Peters McKeown Lawrence J. McKeown, Jr. • * ^~y Nrzraa Downing Beanorjactesczak Guzofcky Dzvid W. Hess FARLEY ASSOCIATES $100-5249 _ Stuart J. Bass Rehm Kaplan Lee A. Namev Prncia Hzydt Nitchie Richard R. Bayliss Karen A. Reed Sesaa E. Roland berta Ven Frunl Rou jantj5 Wayne A. Shiner Frank J. Smith Charles W Snyder Carl G. Sponenberg Anne Agolino Wasko Anita Nowalis Bavitz Carol Hoffner Laven- Anthony V. Kleinhans1 Richard A. Weinstein James C. Belles $500 - $999 Colleen Propersi Lindsay Barbara Repotski Lach2 Stanley]. Yunkunis2 Dave M. Bogusko John R. Deem Pauline Kmetz Makowski Kathryn Ramsey Massey2 Andrew D. Chcplick Bonnie S. Gellas Albert C. Martin Frances Aiken Mitchell2 Gerald P. McAfee David E. Roberts Susan Himelfarb Murphy Enid Sullum Tope2 The John Wilkes Society Carole Peeler Daniel R. Walters2 PLATINUM ASSOCIATES Ronald L. Pryor Linda Bray Walters $500,000 or more Dennis J. Puhalla Theodore T. Yeager2 Jay S. Sidhu David Reel Alan E. Zellner Marilyn Rabcl Costanzo Rachael Walison Lohman Leigh Doane Donecker2 Patricia Mazzco Lombardi Stanley M. Pearlman Bernard P. Evanofski2 Jane Rifenbery Phillips Jay H. Goldstein2 Patricia Dugan Reese Mary Carol Hornyak BLUE CIRCLE $250 - $499 William C. Johnson Mary’ A. Kaiser Barbara Gonzales Kcndc Siephen G. Farrar Dennis P. Galli Donna L. George i Sabatino Thaddeus Seymour G. Garfield Jones, Jr. Robert W. Reynolds Nathan G. Fink Karen S. Johnson Bryn E. Kehrli Charles A. Kosteva John J, Moyer George G. Pawlush Albert D. Roke Sheila Schmaltz Scatena Charles D. Lcnglc Andrew C. Matviak Robert C. Thurnau William S. Tinney Barbara L. Nanstiel Judith Cobleigh ockenfuss Joseph C. Wiendl Robert E. Ockenfuss Carol Womelsdorf Ellen Arthur Dave import J°hnJ. Flynn Barbara Durkin Kirmsc Barbara Roman Knezek Janet Lutz Thurnau Thomas P. Williams, Jr. Deborah Bcrti Walsh2 Carol Roke Klinetob Carlyle Robinson R. Bruce Comstock Beverly Bomba Vespico Harvey A. Jacobs GOLD CIRCLE RobertJ. Murray Sally Griffiths Robinson Sheila Dcnion The Eugene Farley Club Bruce O. Brugel Robert M. Bumat Eileen Moniak Kackcnmeister Stephen E. Kaschenbach $100-$249 Barbara N. Bellucci John H. Butler Peter 7. Pckshenski Jonathan D. Schiffman FARLEY ASSOCIATES GcorgcH. Knezek, Jr. Lee Paige Melvin C. Rogers. JrNeil M. Seidel David S. Silberman Susan Ryan Simonson Dolores Nunn Smith William E. Reese CONTRIBUTORS $5,000 - 59,999 Joseph T. Sallitt Up to $99 Marino J. Santarelli Della F. Schulz Robert M. Babskic Stephen G. Balia PRESIDENT'S CIRCLE S,W-S249 Wendy Rieder Simko Joanne Wascolonis Barnak $2,500 - $4,999 Bruce D. Simon William D. Bordow Charles P. Baker Elaine A. Slabinski Rita Ryneski Borzatti ''wly Pelrcc Berger ,l,Onus J-Brennan Robert J. Taronc Maricl Denisco Bufano The Eugene Farley Club Mary Ellen Pointek Tracy Robert A. Byrne GOLD CIRCLE ^"’’dJ.Brozena Barbara Young Wagner Barbara Aulisio Camoni $500 - S999 i.1"'5 L' Butkiewicz Eugene H. Wagner, Jr. Thomas P. Casey Robert R. Walp Richard Chisarick Edward M. Moyer James C. Weaver Carol Manara Clark Bruce E. Phair Richard Wetzel Barbara Zcmbrzuski Pisano John R. Pisano David L. Ritter FOUNDER'S CIRCLE Bruce A. Sabacek Cassandra Moss Sharkus '^"'"^herBuUdewicz Pamela Parkin Murphy CLASS OF 1973 WILEY ASSOCIATES Mohr Bayliss Tcrr>- A. Belles Drew M. Klcmish John G. Margo Shirley Guiles Shannon2 RzferS. Beany Joel Lubin Elaine Swisloski Herstck Up to $99 Donna Ayers Snelson Carol A. Skalski Robert D. Goldstein Phyllis A. Petrosky $100-$249 Frederick N. Brown Joel Fischman Janet Neiman Seeley2 Michael M. Mariani2 Rita S. Du Brow Patricia Zawoiski Kozemchak John Dubik CONTRIBUTORS JOHN WILKES ASSOCIATES James S. Reed Diane Chisarick Brennan \vonne Gnatt Casey- Marion Boyle Petrillo Elaine Lundy Ephlin Csd Tcmzselii Brown Irene B. Blum Joseph R. Putprush Nicole LePochat Hartman Edward Janoski $100-5249 Janice A. Saunders William J. Lukridge BLUE CIRCLE Thaddeus M. Kalmanowicz FARLEY ASSOCIATES $500 - $999 FARLEY ASSOCIATES Cynthia West Reed Robert P. Matley Lloyd W. Crtman, Jr. Joseph T. Zimmerman J. David Lombardi Emil F. DiTullio Ann Alumbaugh McElyea Nathan R. Eustis. Jr. GOLD CIRCLE The John Wilkes Society Nancy W:I-$hire Brower $250 - $499 Cheryl Konopki Zdcb Lonnie A. Coombs2 I rare R. Brown BLUE CIRCLE Owen M. Lavery Joseph A. Lukcsh Sandra Strevell Miller Stewart J. Harr}’ ~>zzzz2, Broda Kulkzkowski James R. McGowan 30 Henry M. Donati Albert E Siofko Shansua Girev tge E. ColhnsM H. Kenned. Gillian Lindley Curtis James D. Smith CC’.TFJEUTCKS blue circle Leonard E. Strope,Jr. Teresa Cushner Hunt '•iromia Sieckel Valentine ’be Eugene Farley Club Donald C. Spruck CLASS OF 1969 Up to 599 Z.-5S Or 1968 CLASS OF 197o George Sordoni JOHN WILKES ASSOCIATES George J Sick Ffeibeth A Slaughter gold crac^ Rozannc Sandri-Goldin Michael Stcfanick Dorothy Eck Strauch Rrebard Seidel 1 J3-JH K-12S XilZCJTsS Gifts Giving By Class J Rosemaria J. Cienciva Sorg 31 'Cluiir vlgcn* ’0>«lr '•ktnf I �am report of Gifts report Giving By Class ! ! I J OF Gifts Giving By Class CONTRIBUTORS FARLEY ASSOCIATES $100-$249 Up IO $99 Jenny L. Centrclla Donna Piston Aufiero James Carl Dcsombre Louise Bccbc-Thomton Robert T. Dzugan Janet Mazur Boylan Claire Youngblood Gcnnctt Fredric S. Brown Susan Pczzner Goldstein Patricia Hvzinski Chace Susan Downs Kchrli Angela Alba Dessoyc Josephine Schifano Finlayson John J. Kowalchik Lorenc Daring Laberge ClvdcHfil\ Dwainc Mattei John J. Mazzolla Michael J. O’Boyle Mark A. Skopek Elaine Smith Traynor CarolHus» ,n Angela T. Vauter Man,BumsJans Steven Wasko Hsicn-chih Wu Carol Gug«Mn,P Margaret A. Zellner cavnKovAkhek u Bonnie Cbm^ CONTRIBUTORS Duncan L’p to $9" SheffeG. Abraham tames P.M^inlc5’ , Linda Scatena Alfano Philip E. Auron Diane Seltzer Bloss Jeffrey EP«nd«gasl Libert J-RcSnc' u Felice OxtnanSalsburg Doris Eisen Shapiro George RSiUup Thomas R-Siefeer James Thomas SandmSirumshi^liams Wiliam R-Woronto Ronald EVakus Martha Ha"Tohe CLASS OF 1974 The Eugene Farley Club GOLD CIRCLE $500 - $999 Elizabeth M. Lopez W Lee Miller Karen Kmictowicz Phair BLUE CIRCLE 5250 - $499 Raymond T. Ford Darryl G. Kramer Duane Sadvary 32 Michael R. Breakstone Gene A. Canton! Denise H. Chapura Julia K. Chmielowskt Joseph C. Damiano Richard B. Daniels Charles D.Denkenberger Alexis Waskie Edwards Michael G. Hischak Elaine Owen Hooky Robert T. Hooky Karen Cerep Jones Manin J. Kane Anita Pauley Leonard Richard H.Lopatto. Jr. Donald W.Ludovici Christine Donahue Mayo Elizabeth Grady McNamara Bettie Ann Rogers Morgan John S. Partita Maureen Britt Partita Harry M.Pccuch William A. Saba Marguerite A. Sauer Sulochana Gogate Shct ;rman Charles H.Shiber Robert P. Singer Vincent Vespico, Jr. A. Ruth Rinehimcr Whalen Linda Williams Janice Koval Woronko Marla Stopkoski Flack Raymond P. Gustave2 Michael Holtz2 Harold L. Hoover2 CLASS OF 1975 Bcthann Myers Hornick Thejohn Wilkes Society David C. Kowalck Frances S. Kuczynski PRESIDENT'S CIRCLE William E. Lee, Sr. $2,500 - $4,999 Cheryl S. Levey William R. Thomas Catherine Link JOHN WILKES ASSOCIATES Michael Lubcrto2 $1,000 - $2,499 Carol A. Martin David L. Davis Alan R. Miller2 Edwin F Hilinski Sharyn M. Pavidas Michael A. Paternoster Robert D. Salsburg Mark A. Van Loon Joan Bonfanti Shannon2 Barbara Katra Swiatck The Eugene Farley Club Nancy Rodda Topolewski Constance Cheplick Wotanis Robert D. Zcttle GOLD CIRCLE $500 - $999 Andrew E. Baron Christine M. Buchina2 BLUE CIRCLE $250 - $499 Cynthia Lenahan Bradbury William R. Bradbury2 Joan Zaleski Ford Nelson G. Landmesser2 Michael G. Stambaugh2 FARLEY ASSOCIATES $100-$249 Ann Dysleski Armstrong Mar)’ O’Brien Callahan Kevin G. Donaleski Brian M. Finn2 Ellen Schwartz Fischmiian Edward P. Gorski2 Brian K. Haeckler Robert S. Howes, Jr.2 Barbara A. Kapish Susan Tow Louis1 Robert B. Milmoe2 George M. Offshack2 Clarence G. Ozgo Sally Chupka Pucilowski2 Nancy P. Snec Jane E. Thompson2 Carol Drahus-Wisloski Gloria Zoranski2 CONTRIBUTORS Up to $99 Agnes Swantek Cardoni RhilipJ. Conrad, Jr? RnbenA. Dombroski contributoris : Up to $99 Donald J. Anticoli Marianne Montague Benjamin Paula Cipriano Bodnar Maryrosc Bcndik Burlington Karen Yates Cino Terr)’ L. Coombs Andrea Mahally Danilack Joseph Dcttmore Deborah Gudoski Eastwood David L. Ellis Susan V. Fielder Jane Lewis Ford William Fromel Alan F. Jackicr Daricc SabaleskyJanusziewicz Noel A. Jorgensen Marianne Macur Kopcho CLASS OF 1976 Margaret Burgess Lcnihan Joan Domarasky Luksa Thejohn Wilkes Society John J. Matusck.Jr. PRESIDENT'S CIRCLE Anthony L. McHugh $2,500 - $4,999 Kathleen Visniski Praschak Richard J. Pape Janet Bartuski Rajchcl Joyce Hooley Rcgna JOHN WILKES ASSOCIATES Harold W. Roberts $1,000 -$2,499 Joseph A Romani James J. Morgan Thomas Runicwicz Richard A. Rutkowski The Eugene Farley Club Faith Skordinski GOLD CIRCLE Jane E. Smith $500 - $999 Amy Santilli Whitehouse Richard J. Allan Robert N. Yanoshak BLUE CIRCLE $250 - $499 Carolann Gusgekofski Beslcr Philip A. Besler Joseph J. Marchetti CLASS OF 1977 Thejohn Wilkes Society TRUSTEE ASSOCIATES $10,000-$99,999 Denise Schaal Cesare FARLEY ASSOCIATES $100-$249 Stephen M. Balogajr. Deborah Lataro Cargo Gail MacIntyre Dohrn Thomas D. Glosser Diane R. Jones Gay Foster Meyers Raymond B. Ostroski Somsy Phrakaysone Vilma Schifano-Milmoc Patricia A. Schillaci M. Susan Stephens Richard J. Sullivan William Urosevich William G. Winter FOUNDER'S CIRCLE $5,000 - $9,999 Patrice Stone Martin Mary Belin Rhodes PRESIDENT'S CIRCLE $2,500 -$4,999 Sandra Shepard Piccone The Eugene Farley Club farlevassoc'ates $100-5249 Holly G. Ban" Joseph W. Buckley Nicholas RChiumcnto Ruth McKalips Dicstclmctcr Andrew B. Durako.Jr. Victoria Moss Gallagher Michael J- Kassab Richard D. Mularelli Catherine Williams Ozgo Deborah A. Scars Janies J- Stchlc Patricia Reilly Urosevich Maria Lcandri Yonki John M. Zubris CONTRIBUTORS Up to $99 Michael 5. Anger Kathleen Warakomski Benjamin Joan Chemnitius Best Raymond A. Best Brian E. Boston LouisJ. Caputo Arthur S. Daniels Donna Smith Dickinson Paul J. Domowitch Dane A. Drasher Chester E Dudick Manuel J. Evans Ronald G. Evans Mar)’ Lcnio Flood Judith Bicnkowski Geary Kenneth A. Gear)' Neil A. Giacometti Louise Butkicwicz Goodwin Susan M. Hansen Gene A. Heath Bridget James Hofman Kwcn Kuchinskas Kaminski Joanne Englot Kawczenski Deborah Kocher Koons Patricia A. Kozick RickD- Mahonski Dor°thy Kay Martin E"lW.Monk JOHN WILKES ASSOCIATES ^WSekusky $1,000- $2,499 Paul S. Adams Drew Landmesser Kim Witherow Morgan WkiaS. Steele nC2S'S>efanl<o PatrtcRA.Ward CLASS OF 1978 The John Wilkes Society PRESIDENT'S CIRCLE $2,500 - $4,999 Rhea Politis Simms William D. Sparks Robert J. Stofko Margaret Cosgrove Tuckman Jacqueline Ann Vitek Linda Allmon Walden David J. Yakaitis Maryjcan dcSandcs JOHN WILKES ASSOCIATES $1,000 - $2,499 Jean Reiter Adams Raymond E. Dombroski Brigcttc McDonald Herrmann Judith Mills Mack CLASS OF 1979 Thejohn Wilkes Society PRESIDENT'S CIRCLE $2,500 - $4,999 Jeffrey S. Giberson The Eugene Farley Club GOLD CIRCLE JOHN WILKES ASSOCIATES $500 - $999 Terri Mackavage Kovalski Gregor)’ A. MacLean Susan Lcvcns MacLean $1,000 -$2,499 Betsy Bell Condron Frederick W. Herrmann The Eugene Farley Club BLUE CIRCLE GOLD CIRCLE $250 - $499 David A. Jolley Cynthia M. Patterson $500 - $999 Donald 1. Burton, Jr. Philip E. Ogren FARLEY ASSOCIATES BLUE CIRCLE $100 -$249 Joanne Pugliese Carpenter Ronna Colvin Clark Dean W. Evans Edward J. Finn Paul J. Gallagher James J. Moran Barr)’J. Niziolek David A. Palanzo Terr)’J. Schoen Tina Falcone Stchlc John K. Suchoski $250 - $499 Joseph Armine Scopclliti CONTRIBUTORS FARLEY ASSOCIATES $100-$249 Barbara C. Agurkis Steven L. Bailey Renee Vcnarucci Benedetto Karen Lucchesi Bostrom Donald E. Horrox David E Hungarter, Jr. Nancy Jane Johnson Carol Corbett Pawlush Thomas P. Sokola Up to $99 Karen Kennedy Campbell Paula Heffernan Daley James M. Danko Mark Finkelstein Gary E. Gardner Sheryl Prete Hewitt Richard K. Hofman Carol Pashchuk Hugglcr Andrea Chuba Kealey Jcanjohnson Lipski John J. Mack Joseph S. Mayhoff Anita Marie Meehan Jane A. Miller Stewart W. Rae III Mary Kern Reynolds CONTRIBUTORS Up to $99 Michael J. Briel Lisa Condo Chilson Michael H. Cook Cheryl Klimek Fahey William D. Frye, Jr. Wilma Hurst Gardner Deborah Ycdlock Glidden Robert E. Greenwood Joseph D. Kcrestcsjr. Donna Clarke Mattei Elizabeth Waselewskie Mekosh Sharon Lynn Myers Edward F. Orloski Leonard J. Podrasky, Jr. Maureen Shay Prendergast Geraldine Cravalta Samselski Mary Ann Morgan Stelma Lawrence P. Vojlko Cheryl Berry Washington Karen Priggc Williams CLASS OF 1980 Thejohn Wilkes Society JOHN WILKES ASSOCIATES $1,000 - S2.499 Kathleen Sweeney Ashton Scott W. Ashton James P. Edwards Thomas N. Ralston The Eugene Farley Club gold CIRCLE $500 - 3999 Roger J. Davis William A. Shaw Edward J. While 111 Mary Jo Frail Hromchak Robert F. Irwin 111 Mark S.Justick Kenneth Lesniak Philip A. Marino Michael G. McNclis Michael Miller Joanne Harding Murphy Thomas B. Needham, Jr. Richard J. Nordheim Frank A. Pascucci Teresa Burak Quinn Kenneth N. Sciamanna Susan M. Suchanic Joseph M. Toole Cheryl Polak Woloski Rodney R. Wyffels CLASS OF 1981 The John Wilkes Society FOUNDER'S CIRCLE S5.000 - $9,999 William R. Miller BLUE CIRCLE $250 - $499 Michael W. Chisdak Janies L. Devaney Andrew N. Janquitto Patricia L. Warski Shepard C. Willncr The Eugene Farley Club GOLD CIRCLE $500 - $999 Stephen S. Grillo Dana C. Shaffer Joan Jacobsen Shaffer FARLEY ASSOCIATES BLUE CIRCLE $100- $249 Joseph D. Angelclla Janet Bechtel Johnson Carol A. Bosack Peggy Barletta Bottcnhom Julie Kent Bremser Stephen J. Croghan Judith Scott Harris Craig A. Jackson Bruno E. Kolodgic Joye Ann Martin-Lamp David M. Maxim Lawrence J. Mullen Mar)’ McHale Schall Patricia Demko Sweeney $250 - $499 Colleen Grics Gallagher Susan Malley Hritzak FARLEY ASSOCIATES $100-$249 Elizabeth DeCosmo Dean Lisa P. Gazdick Beth Hathaway Glassford Gary E. Michael Joanne Cahill Neville Edward S. Romanowski Mar)- Rcbarchak Schott William E. Stusnick John A. Timony.Jr. Charlotte Wanamaker CONTRIBUTORS Up 10 $99 David G. Arrigoni Richard J. Borofski Michael V. Broda Kathryn Roman Davis Doreen Swiatck Drescher Cynthia Eddy Evans Ronald J. Gronski ■ Up to $99 Daniel A. Bierdzicwski Janet Vierbuchcn Briel Joel S. Buckcy Peter M. Canine Debra Prater Chapman Louis P. Czachor 33 ‘Chair "•ulf n CONTRIBUTORS E �report of Gifts report Givr.^ By Class OF Gifts Giving By cin ! I .1 Kathleen Galli Chupka W. Karl Lindhorst, Jr. Alphonse T. D'Amario Barbara Dodson Marcato Joseph E Dylcwski Lisa Kruszka Owens Janice Nagle Pcttinato Debra Bligh Gcrnhart Jeffrey S. Gcrnhart John J. Rainicri Sarbara E. King ChristopherJ. Henry James R. Reap Beckie Jones Schaffer Daniel C. Schilling Susan A. Harrison Jenkins CLASS OF 1983 Sandra Tomko Shields Thomas E. Stevens Diana Kushner Lcvandoski Stephen J. Sirocki The John Wilkes Society Kimberly Coccodrilk Strickland GeraldJ. Lcvandoski, Jr. JohnJ. WoIoski.Jr. Carol McHenry Suchoski Catherine M. Lynch JOHN WILKES ASSOCIATES Mark Brcdsky Wright Sandra Bartels Thomas William N. McCann2 $1,000 - $2,499 Benedict A. Yatko Stephen C. Thomas V Andrea Nerozzi John B Brady Deborah Brcmmer Waugh Elizabeth Larson Osiuni Alfredo E Daniele CLASS OF 1982 Silas M. Victor Barbara Stich Page Joseph M. Pickett The John Wilkes Society The Eugene Farley Club Kimberly Bedford Wodaski BLUE CIRCLE Jocelyn Kuhl Reese JOHN WILKES ASSOCIATES CLASS OF 1984 Steven P. Roth2 $250 - $499 $1,000 - 52.499 Ban L Maison Dennis W. Sholl Terrence \V. Casey The John Wilkes Society Carol Elgonilis Sosnowski GeraldJ. O'Hara JOHN WILKES ASSOCIATES The Eugene Farley Club Ellen Marie Van Riper Marianne Alfano Telincho BLUE CIRCLE $1,000-52,499 John M. Treven2 $250- $499 FARLEY ASSOCIATES John Wartella1 Robert A. Unrath Michael L Kams $100-$249 Reesa O’Boyle Watio Brian C. Thomas Linda K. Blose The Eugene Farley Club Wanda Wolfe Wyffcls Diane Gombeda Fellin BLUE CIRCLE Charmaine Conrad Zoller FARLEY ASSOCIATES Jeffrey R. Garbor $250 - $499 $100-5249 Gloria Kopec Groff Michael Cunningham CLASS OF 1985 Maureen Connolly Cambier Carol Hagen Man- Figler Marsh Teresa A. Keenan Paul H. McCabe Tracy McElroy O’Hara The John Wilkes Society Keith R. Kleinman Thomas C. Mitchell PRESIDENT'S CIRCLE Ruth McDermott Levy Mar)' Hyde Pfister FARLEY ASSOCIATES $2,500 - $4,999 Regina Morse Marie Roke-Thomas $100-5249 James J. Mulligan2 John E Pullo Amy Lens Villegas PaulW. Boyer Keith J. Saunders Elizabeth Ward-Henrich Teresa A. Callahan The Eugene Farley Club Anthony P. Veglia Donna Garber Cosgrove GOLD CIRCLE Norman Michael Verhoog CONTRIBUTORS Paul C. Dietrich $500 - $999 Karen Stcckel Vernon Up to $99 Charles M. Ferguson John A. Chipego1 Siena Shields Alford Daniel Glunk CONTRIBUTORS Stephen N. Cahoon Sharon Michener Gross Up to S99 BLUE CIRCLE David R. Carey Francis S. Gruscavage Howard R. Baird, Jr. $250 - $499 Jennifer Ogurkis Carey Erank R. Hugh es Brian D. Balliet Karen Bove2 Lillian Russin Cohen Maire Anton Box Edwin Mark Johnson Susan Maier Davis Judy Rydzcwski Cudo Karen Johnson Brenda Kutz Burkholder David P. Rudis Carol Louise Dean Linda McCarthy DAmario Janet Legault Kelley Thomas J. Swirbel Cj-nthia Banholomay Demetro Regina Scazzaro Fair Regina White Klcpadlo Mary Ellen Moran Doll Donna De Basics Fromel Kimberly A. Krcsovich Eric L. Johnson FARLEY ASSOCIATES Joseph E. Gaydos Curtis Kuntz James M. Johnson $100-$249 D«nne M. Kolesar Catherine Schafer Mitchell Cynthia E. Kamajian Thomas J. Balutis Rosonne Kramer Barbara Rosick Moran Elaine Kirchdoerfer-Kirk Vincent E. Bartkus Debra Thompson Miller Kathleen .Marscco Moses Lisa Striefsky Levine Douglas S. Bradley-’ Ruth Elaine Renna Dianne Charsha Marguerite McCormick Tolan Barbarajarick Ecker Kathryn Gryzic Johnson CONTRIBUTORS Sandra P. Luongo1 F'P to $99 J. Murray Swim Ann Marie Roi ’manovitch Stephen J. Vidal Chikowski Timothy R Williams 34 EuS«ie Chikowski Karen Zingale C. Douglas Drescher Dawn Evans Faldowski Hany C. Hicks. Jr. Michael G.Hronichak Jane Ciprich Ryan Hanna A. Sadek Christine Lain Sarno Catherine Durocher Shafer ChristopherJ. Woolverion c°ntribuT0IRS | blue circle Up 10 $99 Thcrcsa Gruzenski Alb SaFXH“dome “^-Bart'oJ Karen Galli Gdovin GcorgieU»Marol,° Kevin R Guns John C. Long. JrJohn Luongo Michael Mattisc Thomas J. PopkO'J’- . MaryRauschmayerZartn Jeffrey K. Box Evelyn J. Dopko Cannella Butera Fc Ronald Gcisc Sam Graziano Angela Holm Michael Homishak Kathleen Kennedy Jessen Gail Latnorcux Kashulon Vincent J. Kashulon.Jr. Alice "ling Lee Roslyn Lucas-Gould Debra Ann Maleski Michael J. Masciola2 Alan Meluscn2 Diane Schoch Michaud James M. Opel2 Michele A. Paradies Ann Marie Pocppcrling Kathleen Mooney Rainicri Christopher L. Rexcr Marianne Scicchitano Rexer Susan Barber Rosengrant Nancy Novitski Ruma Karen Lutz Santone2 Michelle Liddic Schilling Susan Slawich Michael SIcpian Joseph J. Survilla2 Mary Woronowicz Treven Ann Marie Walker Maxi me Zafrani2 CLASS OF 1986 The John Wilkes Society Michael J. Uter jeffcry M. Wagner Michele James Wagner Christopher D. Way Matthew J- Zukoski CONTRIBUTORS Up to $99 Dennis P. Clarke Elizabeth Cortez-Carosella Cheryl Zack Fischer Thorstein K. Foss William N. Gude Tom Harfman Phillip W. Hcffclfinger George Hockenbury Edward J. Hudson Kimberly Land-Scrvagno Bernard Lincoski Eleanor Hoover Madigan Gar)’ R. Meluscn Amy McCluskey Sadvary Joseph M. Santuk Diane A. Kennedy James J. Tcmprine William J. Thede Carter W. Tremayne David J. Warnick Karen Sheard While Thaddeus M. Zuzik JOHN WILKES ASSOCIATES $1,000-$2,499 Jay C. Rubino CLASS OF 1987 TheJohn Wilkes Society The Eugene Farley Club PRESIDENT'S CIRCLE BLUE CIRCLE $2,500 - $4,999 Michael Rupp $250 - $499 Eric E Rcidingcr Thomas J. Thomas, Jr. FARLEY ASSOCIATES $100-$249 Thomas Allardyce Russell Banta Elizabeth Gibson Boyer Paul Chmil Kay Brown-Coskey Paul A. Cummings S? geneFarleyaub GolD CIRCLE S250 - $499 Joseph S. Bnskie Alice C. Bulger John H. Bulger George Rilz Donald Shaw FARLEY ASSOCIATES $100- $249 William J. Buoni Joyce Victor Chmil Roy M. DeLay Cornelius Douris Chris W. Fellin Edwina M. Floyd William C. Hankins Thomas J. Ricko Greg Trapani Neil R. Williams Sandra Williams Kristen Kolensky Scandoime Chadwick E. Tuttle CONTRIBUTORS Up to $99 Steven G. Bardsley Christopher R. Connolly Robert Corradcui William M. Davidson Rosemary Bottazzi Eibach Susan Marino Laurita David D. Naeher William S. Pcightcl Dennis J. Procopio Rhonda Groff Reed Michelle A. Rick Ann Markowski Toole Kurt A. Topfer Carl Vassia David G. Zahorsky Don Zelek Kevin C. Flemming Dawn M. Hitile B-Jean Millard Kosh Susan Stortz Moyer Michelle M. Olexa Carol Henry Raymond Robert R. Rees, Jr. Jeffrey D. Seamans CLASS OF 1990 The John Wilkes Society PRESIDENT'S CIRCLE 52,500 - $4,999 Wendy Holden Gavin JOHN WILKES ASSOCIATES $1,000-$2,499 Jason D. Griggs The Eugene Farley Club gold circle CONTRIBUTORS Up to $99 Linda Turowski Attardo David Beaver Karen Camasso Ellen Herman Campbell Joan Balutis Chisarick Edwin J. Daveski Joan Smith Foster Paul J.Isaac Kimberly Tokach Kellar Scott Michcnfcldcr Daniel R. Nulton John R. Patterson, Jr. CLASS OF 1988 The John Wilkes Society TRUSTEE ASSOCIATES $10,000- $99,999 Douglas Colandrea JOHN WILKES ASSOCIATES $1,000-52,499 Lisa A. Tercha CLASS OF 1989 The John Wilkes Society TRUSTEE ASSOCIATES $10,000- $99,999 Linda Hoyson Colandrea sM0. S999 ^""Dragon Devine blue circle Chba"Joh" Keane ^Tobino Richard J. Lizak $250 - $499 FARLEY ASSOCIATES $100- $249 Lisa Sigman Banta David Gdovin William Griffin, Jr. blue circle $250 - $499 Shirley Thomas Butler The Eugene Farley Club CLASS OF 1991 The John Wilkes Society JOHN WILKES ASSOCIATES 51.000-$2,499 Virginia M. Rodcchkr<0 The Eugene Farley Club gold circle $500 - $999 John F. Sheehan 111 FARLEY ASSOCIATES $100-$249 James F. Burke Anne Kilyanek Crew Michael N. DeQuevedo Craig J. Engel Erica Simshauser Gaffey Victoria M. Glod Matthew P. Hanlon Carol Hiscox Clifford A. Mclbcrger Francis J. Michclini Susan Adamchak Smith Thomas W. Youngblood BLUE CIRCLE FARLEY ASSOCIATES CONTRIBUTORS $250 - 499 Paul J. Sollazzo John J. Walsh $100-$249 Carl M. Chamclski Jaime Jose Jurado John A. Savelli Kathleen Foley Scott Up to $99 Nancy Alonzo Thomas P. Cawley Edward F. Cywinski Michael J. Garnett Brenda Miller Gaydos Judy Filch Guinosso Patrick J. Guinosso David C. Kaszuba Edward J. Kwak Joseph G. Lannon Frederick A. Mihalow Sarah Gaumcr Neal Kimberly E. Nole Richard A. Ostroski.Jr. Michelle Umbra Pearce Patricia M. Perna Ronald M. Scbastianelli William F. Shankwciler Kimberly J. Ward FARLEY ASSOCIATES $100-249 Savas Z. Alkoc John B. Bowman Anne Howell DeQuevedo Kevin M. Gaffey Roger A. Hatch Marlene M. Marriggi Samuel L. Perry Robert D. Sitzlcr Robert D. Wachowski CONTRIBUTORS The Eugene Farley Club $500 - $999 Sean Lockhead Tracy Goryeb Zarola Joseph H. Williams, Jr. Steve W. Wilson Up to $99 Robert S. Berger Stephen L. Broskoske James J. Carroll Am)' Rosemergey Davidson Frank A. Dempsey Nancy 11 ricko Divers William R. Evanina Sarah Fullam Fecrick Pauline Wagner Fisher CONTRIBUTORS Up to $99 Donna Brown Argcnio Joseph F. Argcnio David Mark Argcntati Lester R. Bahr Scott C. Barth1 Patricia Condusta-Survilla Karen Donohue Connolly William Johns Edncr John Michael Evans Bruce A. Huggler Frances Matso Lysiak Cynthia L. Miller Mcrrel W. Neal Nancy Fuhrmann Pereira Susan Ellen Barr Shannon Mark T. Siegel Mark A. Sommers Wallace F. Stettler Wesley G. Waite CLASS OF 1992 The Eugene Farley Club GOLD CIRCLE $500 - $999 Melissa Crosbie Napier �report OF Gifts 1 Gh™g By Class I ma M. Occhlcr-Dcan l hrtMophcr M. Scarba FARLEY ASSOCIATES $100-$249 Suzanne Stanski Scheible Hisham A Abu-Nabaa lama L. Schmidt Vani P. Murthy Bernard 1. Skalla Tammy Swartwood Noone George W. Snyder COMRISUTORS ••AS’.S* ASSOCIATES Nano Sean Baird • ph Angela L Basta Holly Pitcavage Frederick Dave L’nzickcr CONTRIBUTORS Up to $99 AmyBcardsworthCos,e,lo Katherine J. Genovese Garth L. Allred ChrisuneTondrickSeit,. Mark D. Bradshaw CLASS OF 1995 Mehssa Ann Wall Stephen W Hansen Christine Hooper-Ostroski GOLD CIRCLE Chad A. Heffner CONTRIBUTORS Up to $99 Elizabeth A. Knizer S5tV - $999 Michael Kent Elizabeth Buckland-Kinney Dave Joseph Kuranovich1 Susan J. Malkcmcs Brian W McCoy1 David H. Clancy Edeen E. Celahan Jason Langdon1 Joseph C. Reilly Andita Parker-Lloyd James R. Domzalski Mtduel J. Dungan Mac J. Groce Lon Kuhar Marshall Ali E. Qureshi1 Paul W. Downton Kczdracki Balas Ronald Alan Hartzell Ddza Whalley Kantor Linda Kravitz Petz Mary L Lung Rosalie D. Mancino Michelle Dickinson McNichols BLUE CIRCLE Frank C. Mitchell $250 - $499 Patricia A. Royer >andra A. VanLuvender* Gar. H. Meyers Janice A. Raspen Kathleen Risley CLASS OF 1994 Raymond R. Russ David P. Saxton Thomas T. Wittman The Eugene Farley Club CLASS OF 1993 The John Wilkes Society JOHN WILKES ASSOCIATES Patnna Gtyaka Bhzejewski Thomas J. McWilliams Michael J. Rymar Sylvia C. Simmons1 gold circle Gina G. Taylor David J. Kaschak Kimberly A. Kaschak gold circle 5500. $999 Richard D. McHale Melanie O Donnell Mickelson BLUE CIRCLE $250 - S999 Bnan J. Bohenek Frederick M. Evans FaulT.Jdlem FARLEY ASSOCIATES S100-S299 Stephen E Lynch Matthew McCaffrey Paul J. Potera Denise Berberick Stewart CONTRIBUTORS Up to $99 Rosemary LaFrane Kerin M. Barno Jeffrev J. Yinkow- Jeffrey R Barone PARLEY associates $100 - $249 Sandraj. Mullen The Eugene Farley Club Ann L. Wotring Erin T. Priestman Jamicj. Markovchick R. Bonnie Porter Pajka Marissa Rovnack McCormick GOLD CIRCLE CONTRIBUTORS Connie M. Ryan $500-59” Charlotte M-Pugha Up to $99 Raymond J. Bernardi Gregory’ A. Wojnar Colleen Yacovclli Derek B. Blciler blue circle Kara Chapple CLASS OF 2003 Melissa A. Mauro Melissa Mecca Lindsay A. Shaffer Lisa M. Simons Joseph J. Stein Julia Afsana Talukder David J. Theisen John j. Zelena $290 - $”9 Heath Neiderer Ted D. Foust Marcy L. Krill The Eugene Farley Club FARLEY ASSOCIATES Scott E. Herb FARLEY ASSOCIATES David M. Hinkle $100-$249 Justin Holmes Robert J. Klepadlo FARLEY ASSOCIATES $100-$249 William D. Host James L. McCarthy Richard E. Albrecht SI 00- $249 Karen L. Guitson Michael L. Brundage Beverly Keller Gooden CLASS OF 2005 The Eugene Farley Club CONTRIBUTORS Up to $99 Mark Angelo Paul S. Bilous, Jr. Charles R. Bomboy.Jr. Casey Connell Brian J. Fritts Kyle P. Gallagher Bridget E. Giunta Denise M. Granoski Joshua Kloss Renee A. Kotz Brittany N. Kramer Michelle L Krapf Melissa A. Maybe Carlos E. Proano Kimberly Bochicchio Matthew M. Zurn1 Jodi L. Viscomi Katherine M. Green $100 - $249 $500 - $999 Sherry L. Weitz Lori Ann Perch John A. Mason. Jr. Michael S. McMynne Derek J. Sheruda Sabeth R. Albert Kimberly A. Whipple Karen Ann Ephlin Melinda Nobles Prisco Melissa Jo Pammcr Robert M. Moore Lynda C. Ardan CONTRIBUTORS Denise Collie Robert S. Rolland Jeffry’S. Nietz Up to $99 FARLEY ASSOCIATES Phillip James Torres Matthew J. Sowcik Karen Novicki Melissa A. Babcock Elena Niculescu-Mihai $100-$249 Jennifer S. Webb Lisa Marie Ruggiero Alan M. Caines William E Noone Noell Ann Brooks CONTRIBUTORS Joyce A. Sorrentino James Vincent Casey Up to $99 Jason Waterbury’ John Dabbicri Christie Meyers Potera Robert J. Costello Daniel P. Reilly- Bradley R. Klotz Joseph F. Woodward William P. Pastewait The Eugene Farley Club David G. Bond, Jr. Brian Redmond FARLEY ASSOCIATES Charles E. Brinker $100-$249 Dustin A. Daniels The Eugene Farley Club Anita V. Ruskey CONTRIBUTORS Up to $99 Carmen E Ambrosino, Jr. Robert J. Dean Michelle Diskin Philip Engtnan Martha L. Heffers David A. Hines Kimberly Escarge Keller Joseph P. .McBride David C. Ruskey CLASS OF 1996 The Eugene Farley Club ^on D Alben Darla M. Bortz Alan J. Guitson CIRCLE $250 - $499 Mark L. Kwarcinski Michael L. Lefchak Karen Bednarczyk Cowan blue CLASS OF 1999 Jeffrey Gaydoscik Paul A. Binncr CLASS OF 2002 Jennifer Anne Satz Pleam Thomas R. Rcbuck CONTRIBUTORS Up to $99 Jill Mackay Barrouk Jason L Evans BLUE CIRCLE Peter E. Schmidt John L. Carter Jessica D. Krocscn $250 - $499 Susan A. Schwartz Louis E. Atkinson Daniel W. Doughton Jason R. Marie J. Bartholomay Grier Owen Scarfoss Eleanor Quick Bluhm Joseph J. Faddcn1 Jill Ronkowski Marie Abigail Breiseth Richard M. Minielly1 Michelle Rose Nallon Mark J. Dechman Kristine Erhard Pruett Jason C. Phillips Heather Hahn-Crunden Steven D. Tourjc Jeffrey Reichl Andrew B. Snyder Kathleen Finley Kent Gary’J. Kostrobala CONTRIBUTORS Jeanette L. Moyer Rita Teresa Metcalf Up to $99 Mary’ Ann Kcrshitsky Blosky Thomas Ryan Ward Cynthia Chametski Sites Deborah A. Caines James A. Williams Jason S. Sites Augustus J. Wellings Carolyn Chronowski Scott Thomas Cleveland1 Melissa Ann Whetstone Joann DeSanto Melanic Jo Whitebread Randy A. Engelman Edmund Ryan Zych Carmcla Franco Brian Edward Gryboski1 CLASS OF 1998 Lisa Anne Johnson The Eugene Farley Club Cynthia E. Kern Jonathan G. Laudenslager gold circle Judith Lahr Martin $500 - $999 Michael C. McCree Matthew J. Pclcschak1 Ann M. O’Keefe Anne Straub Pelak Carrie Wilkes Williams h» Andrew S. Moyer Jeffrey B. Olson Steven S. Endres 36 Lisa Rink Marisa Nebesky Todd Caihleen A. Zanghi Matthew Kulp Douglas M. Iracki Jennifer A. Faschit Janeen Nieratko CLASS OF 2000 Deborah Andres Greco Curtis A. Krocscn Mark E Buss ing Theresa McDermott Daniel E. Williams Sheryl A. Hupczey Brian R. Judge Barry L VanScoten Derek W. BuffingIon Stephanie Follmer Pastcwait Brian Lee Gordon S. Smoko Mark D. Hulntc1 Kimberly A. Gross Matthew Clinton Jagusak Amy Pyle VanScoten Comne Barchik JoAnn Kristofic Kenneth G. Huclbig Toni Ann Steinson Nicole Simmons Bryan J. Allen Stacy L. Geiger Mcsics Maria Shahda Minielly Julia Gordon Wojnar Jill Fasciana McCoy Michael Hugh Herb Laura Queen Kariann Iskra GOLD CIRCLE Linda L Crayton The Eugene Farley Club William J. Layo The Eugene Farley Club blue circle $250 - S-/99 John P. Hawthorne Dn.ceJ.S*“"c'.. ’ ,!"*3 Snyder SarahKcislmS-.-. MorioWascavagc Maureen FARLEY ASSOCIATES Jacob C. Cole $5(X» - $999 CLASS OF 1997 Denise A. Gerber Shanna Lee Dawson Kimberly A. Hritzak Fcrcnce s,evenD-Redding Judhh Tobin Tclechowski6" Kimberly Woods Hawk V ,1 Kimberly B. Carr Michael N. Barrouk The Eugene Farley Club Pans B. AFanni |i ASSOC,ATES i>100- $249 Gail Watson Haas CONTRIBUTORS i Palri™ Cannon Michele Forcse Wellivcr Andrew Gulden1 I BLUE CIRCLE $250 - $J99 Brooke E. Shreaves FARLEY ASSOCIATES Holly R. Shiber $100-$249 Marcus E. Sowcik1 James T. Best Martha M. Zabriski Karen Mac Bradley Mendoza Beth N. Danner CLASS OF 2004 Ronald S. Davis Matthew A. Diltz The Eugene Farley Club Stefaniejean Henninger FARLEY ASSOCIATES cuss OF 2001 Joshua G. Mendoza $100-$249 Kimberly Chapman Schneider Dawn Marie P. Bonczcwski ^£eFarleyciub William C. Schneider Katie M. Boyle Anthony J. Stavcnski 111 Jacqlyn A. Ryan-Brennan S230-$J99 Leonardo R. A. Zoppa Stephanie Carol Smith CONTRIBUTORS CONTRIBUTORS ^Dallas Costello &$2«°CIATES Up to $99 Jessica Alferio l'*l|aADG':"C'’Ct '• Gl»arino Deborah Ellen Brandt Sandraj. Fassctt Laura N. Gerard Up to $99 Scott L. Carr1 Stephen R. Cheskicwicz1 1 Carla L. Conner Michael R. Fancck 37 L �Gifts ‘ Gifts The Mflr(s socjety Alumni, friends and benefactors have played a sustaining role in the future of Wilkes University I f and its students through estate plans.The Marts Society a n Hd.Lxh M- AbdalLh Jcsso L Ahnksy Shisaa Alien azdrew Amoroso Tuauv A:m Archavage Johasaa Ashley ; - .c M. Babbitt Rohm G. Baisamel Ahnaa M. Bath Melinda A. Bauer Stephanie R. Bauman Christopher G. Beers Joshua M. Behler Stacey A. Berkoski David H. Bingaman Jonathan W. Bbhosky Elizabeth M. Bleacher Sarah K. Bogard Matthew J. Bower Tyler William Bubb Bethany Marie Bucci Erica M. Buchholz Alexus L Buck .Matthew R. Burian Mary-Catherine L Burton Wendy L Bush Curios J. Candelario Kelly A. Capece Gregory J. Cardamone Pamela L Carey Janell M. Chwalek Denise M. Cole Tara M. Collins Karen Lea Congdon Kelly M. Conlon Alicia S. Conner Benjamin B. Cooke Kathryn A. Currier Jason T. Davenport Sean P. Davies Joseph A. DeAngelis Nicholas G. DeAngelis Marianne Degreen Matthew J. Della Rosa Nicholas J. DeMarco James Dennis recognizes the increasing number Gift 2006 Brun)-”^’ RranJ-W" Kelly Dolon BK?keDoUgh«" Tiffany Rjchcl A-Dler Lindsey R. Dymond GKgC. Eisenhauer Michelle L. EM Sean W. Fisher of contributors participating in Catherine A. Klotz AprilJ. K^. Dougin S-Kmfpck Cheryl L. Kmmer Justin C.Ueonns Mandy M-Lumparter Melissa J. Fox MichaelJ-Fox Tara E. FriedmW Stephanie Fugok ErndM-Garlen-icz John Lowe Fredajane Luckenbaugh David Gold Rebecca V Goodman Kristen B. Luczak Thomas A. Luthy StcfanieL. Macri Christopher S.Macumber Matthew J. Madahs Cassandra R. Malone Pamela M.Malouf Kristin L. Mangan Michael J. Ped'ey Kristen L.Pegarella Renee A. Peters Richard). Peterson Eli Phillips, Jr. Tamara Phillips Lauren V. Pluskey Adrianna J. Polednak Duran N.Porrino Christopher E. Pray Jennifer L.Prell Jason T. Price Joseph W. Price LaurienS.Rabadt Jennifer M.Ramtl CodyA.Raspen Katherine R.Revmkar Nichole U Redmond Jennifer R.Relyea Jonathan t. Rnter April M R'11 Stephanie A. Rodano Michael 5. Healer Miranda R. Heness Sarah A. Herbert Thomas]. Hogans CherianneC.Hollenback Adam J- Mason James Michael Mason Ashley M. McBrearty Sean K. McCarthy Kristopher J. Mead ToddM.Ronco ErinE.Rovmsky Hugh Michael R«ge Mvles Rumbel Kalyn Ashley RnP«i Elizabeth C. Sabatini David C. Holman Thomas P. Homa Peter F.Hlavinka Nicholas Hufford Sandra Leigh Hughes MarkS. Hunter Brandon C. Ingraham Nicole J. Isbitski Christopher]. Issler Jared J. Meckler Jennifer M. Menendez Melanie L. Sarno jamieleeA-Schauel Megan M. Meyers Jeneive E. Michalek Deana Mikhalkova Brian I. Moran Michael R-Schoen John C. Schuh Shelby Schultz johnM.Sdafani Sara E. Moskaluk Arvin P. Narnia Samantha C. Naugle Jan E. Nunemachcr Jill Nunemacher ShatvnJ. Serfass Rachael M- Seros jarred M. Shaffer Sara M. Shane Jared M.Shayka Megan J. O Brien Kathleen A. O Hara Cory B. Ogden Christopher B. Oustrich Benjamin J. Palachick Christopher J. Partyka Ryan M. Pccukonis Alison I- Sherry Joshua P.Shoff jamiL-Shulcsta Joseph E. Sicdleck* Wendy E. Sinnott jason S.Skarbez Jennifer M. Iwaniszyn Haneefah Adeola Jamiu Juan Carlos Jimenez Matthew Faraday Jones .Ashley M. Joslin JenilynM.Jung Kamran S. Kalim Kristin M. Kile Andrea L. Kinal Tasjaana L. Smri1 J* Diana Rae S,P,Penheiser K"a,eV lnaX'Tho r^eX nPs nSki sr‘S,inD-Tkach ^raA.Too|e rracTL. Tracy tmc Mari ;Chrts Ma‘"-^.vy a^r Amanda L. Whiu HoII>-L. Whitner James R. \Vilcc Krisl>-Lee Wilcox Brad L. Williams Erin L. Williams Jolene M. Williams Nicole E. Witek •irnanda .Marie Wojcik EricJ. Wolfgang Jamie Wood Jillian M. Wydra Christopherj. Yonki Michelle Ann Young Charles R. Yurkon Joseph M. Yurko Mauhcw G. Zcbrowski Nicholas P. Ziminski Nicole Zimmerman Anita M. Zurn Estate of Eleanor S. Fox ’35 Richard Fuller, Ph.D. Anonymous Anonymous Estate of Dr. William Louis GC°rf0fXraC.Alderfice'58 Gaines Dr. Benjamin Grella '65 toZ»^olTAllag Doris Woody Grella Estelle B. Andrews 69 Estate of William B. Griffith ,WrhonyJ.Bariuska Brynly R. Griffiths Trust Paris Gorka Bariuska, M.D. J. Douglas Haughwout ’64 George Bierly 90 Louise S. Hazeltine ’44 Belly Kanarr Bierly w Estate of Enid Hershey ’66 Charles S. Buller '59 FrcderickJ. Hills ’59 Estate of Catherine H. Bone Harry’ R. Hiscox, Esquire ’51 Lee and Louise Brown Trust Beverly A. Hiscox ’58 Dr. Mary E. Brown 62 Judith Hopkins ’55 Richard G. Cantner'68 Dr. George E. Hudock, Jr. ’50 Bruce R. Cardon Trust Estate of Richard and Estate of Donald F. & Frances Hyde Louise C. Carpenter .Arthur E. Irndorf ’55 Dr. Jesse H. Chopcr ’57 Estate of Thomas J. Cobum ’49 Estate of Evelyn Isserman Estate of Mildred N. Johnson William L. Conyngham Leo R. Kane ’55 Eleanor Kazmercyk Bronis J. Kaslas, Ph.D. Cornwell ’53 Colonel William Corbett Dr. Stanley B. Kay Harold Cox, Ph.D. Mr. & Mrs. John S. Kerr 72 Samuel M. Davenport, III ’59 John J. Kleynowski ’67 Estate of Fred H. Davies Eugene T. Kolezar Stanley and Patricia S. Davies Drs. Francis & Lidia Kopemik Thomas J. Deitz Estate of Mary R. Koons Estate of Charles and Glenn F. Leiter Sadie Donin Estate of Rose G. Liebman '37 Estate of Isadora and Estate of Madeline R. Magee Getha Edelstein Estate of Anne Marts &lal'of R. Carl Ernst’58 John A. Mason M’00 Josephine Eustice Gerard A. McHale, Jr. ’67 Annette Evans Trust Estate of Ruth Williams *ulison Evans Trust McHenry ’49 'alc of Attorney &Mrs. Clifford K. Melberger IheT LFCnnCr'JrRuth Boroom Melberger ’62 Honorable J. Harold Robert H. Melson ’35 ‘■•annery ’55 ’^'0 Hanner,. Estate of Charles H. Miner, '’erlLF'eet Jr. Esquire John C. and Mabel n c- Follmer 'so Mosteller Trust Estate of Elizabeth Sandish Montgomery I young people of the Wyoming Valley, Dr. Marts provided the support and leadership the fledgling institution needed to gift planning programs that Joseph M-Usiovicn Melissa A. Lavelle Stephen W.Lehmkuhl WichitahPrasoeuLeng AnnM-Leotaud Lauren L-Letteer Daniel A-Loughran Sam Marie Grab Nicholas E. Grimes Sarah N.Grlica Undsey Marie Hanna Wiliam J. Harbester Melanie L. Heard Depression. Because he believed in the service offered to the bequests and other charitable SENIOR CLASS University Junior College in Wilkes-Barre during the become self-sustaining. Dr. Marts benefits the university. established a trust in 1964, which Membership in the Marts provided a lifetime income for Society is attained through the Mrs. Marts after his death. Upon commitment of any number of her death in 1994, more than planned gifts, including bequests, $2 million was gifted to the charitable trusts, gift annuities, university, which helped make gifts of property with retained life possible the addition of the estate, life insurance policies and Arnaud C. Marts Sports and retirement plan accounts. Many Conference Center. of these gift vehicles allow For more information on donors to contribute cash or becoming a member of the appreciated assets to benefit Marts Society, please contact the Wilkes while earning income Planned Giving Office at during their lifetime. 570-408-4309 or 1-800-W1LKES-U, The Marts Society was named ext. 4309 or visit our Web site at in honor of Dr. Arnaud C. and www.wilkes.edu/pages/715.asp Anne McCartney Marts. Dr. Marts and explore the benefits of a became president of Bucknell planned gift through our new University in 1935 and was instru­ interactive planned giving mental in maintaining Bucknell calculator. Estate of Dorothy R. Morgan Estate of Jesse L. Morgan Paul D. Morgis 70 Regina L. Morse ’82 Estate of Herbert J. Morris Estate of J. Donald Munson Estate of Wilbur A. Myers Martin J. Naparstcck’69 Barbara W. Nixon 71 Estate of William P. Orr, III Geraldine Nesbitt Orr Estate of Alberta A. Ostrander Richard L. Pearsall Lawrence B. Pclesh ’50 E Charles Petrillo, Esquire ’66 Dr. and Mrs. Cummings A. Piatt Henry B. and Edith M. Plumb Trust Amy D. Plutino '97 Estate of Frieda Pogoreloff Estate of Roy H. Pollack William H. Rice '48 Arnold and Sandy Rifkin Harry W. Rinehimer ’43 Estate of Harriet P. Ripley Gordon E. Roberts '60 Dr. Jessie A. Roderick ’56 Attorney Harold Rosenn Mrs. Sallyanne Rosenn ’42 Estate of Rae Roth Donald J. Sackrider Mr. and Mrs. Louis Santoro '83 Janice A. Saunders ’70 Joseph J. Savitz, Esquire '48 ]Dr. Herbert B. Simon Estate of Margaret Mary Sites Estate of Gordon A. Smith Nancy Hancock Smith Andrew E Sofranko. Jr. ’68 Joseph Sooby. Jr. ’49 Dr. Charles A. Sorbcr’59 Linda E. Sorbcr Dr. Albert J. Stratton'49 Dr. LesterJ. Turoczi Constance McColc Lmphred Estate of Edward A. Venzel ’54 Estate of Walter E Vorbleski Marian R. Schaeffer Trust Nathan Schiowitz Trust Marvin and Stella Schub Daniel Sherman '50 I Estate of Frances D. Shotwell Estate of Ann Brennan Wagner Estate of Esther Wcckesser Walker Bruce R. Williams, D.O. '82 Estate ofJohn E Wozniak ’61 Estate of William H. Young Emery and Mamie Ziegler Trust Dr. George J. Silcs '57 38 39 l �REPORT OF Gift* . ScFA'sh'r c ENDOWED & ANNUAL Scholarships Below is the current list of endowed and annual scholarships available to Wilkes students. Please co to www.wilkes.edu/pages/358.asp for descriptions on these scholarships or for more information on howto establish a scholarship. ENDOWED NAMED SCHOLARSHIPS M-'t;—Arizzzzi Scholarship Vizcezi zz_ Manha Ako Scholarship Ahsai .A-s.'zzziz Scholarship —• .z Ayers Schokrship Fuad 5c2ei Soccer, sf Wyczzzg Valley Scholarship rredenz E 5e2xs Ezz—ez Sczz'.zrsh’p Czr-r ’ - zzz Jzzt M. Scholarship ; ~ a Fsster iz_z S:-.rz Mz2arz Bmseih Scbz Warship 3-rz.r’.r •: T. -- SsaesaB Maaonal Scholarship CtariesN Sr.MD. 35Scfaolxshq3 Sister: 5 Capes SchilzrsUj sc Azczzrzziz Z,r..-.'r Czrziz Czarzzej Cardin Msscnal Sihslarship WUtrr : Sctelarsc^ :z Ezzisterizg - H-Ztzarde Finger Czrr Scholarship ' * MD Sdsr.ar^jp 40 L0'‘'*y sixin N“rSi"8 „H MjcAV ’ . .ire Scholarship pihW111’'' 'co Scholarship Fund Sylvia Dworski, Ph.D. Scholarship Isadorc and Gctha Edelstein Scholarship Dr. John Henn- Ellis, IV Scholarship Mahmoud H. Fahmy. PH.D. Scholarship John Fancck ’50 Scholarship Fund Eugene S. and Eleanor Coates Farley Scholarship David R. Fendrick Scholarship Chlora Fey Scholarship Harry and Gloria Farkas Fien-erker Scholarship David J. Findora 70 Memorial Scholarship Stephen L. Flood '66 Scholarship Muriel S. Follmer Scholarship Sarah Catherine Ford Adult Learner Scholarship Fortinsky Scholarship Sidney and Pauline Friedman Scholarship Sandy A. Furey Memorial Scholarship Carlton H. Garinger Memorial Scholarship William R. Gasbarro Scholarship Mildred Gittins Memorial Scholarship Cathy Lynn Glatzel '86 Nursing Scholarship Elizabeth and Albert Grabarek Memorial Scholarship Fund Henry and Sylvia Greenwald Scholarship Brynly R. Griffiths Scholarship Margaret Mary Hagelgans Memorial Scholarship Edward G. Hartmann, Ph.D. 35 Scholarship George Hayes of Windsor Scholarship Patricia Boyle Heaman and Robert J. Hcaman Scholarship William Randolph Hearst Endowed Scholarship Hugh G. <Sr Edith Henderson Scholarship Klaus Holm Scholarship Arthur J. Hoover Scholarship Andrew J. Hourigan. Jr., Esq. Scholarship Sherry’ Ever.- Hudick Memorial Scholarship Jewish War Veterans. Wilkes-Barre Post 212 Scholarship Harvey’and Mildred Johnson Scholarship Fund V.dliam D. Jonathan Memorial Scholarship Dr. Dilys Martha Jones & Thomas Evan Jones Scholarship John D. Kearney Memorial Scholarship Grate C. Kimball Scholarship in Biology Harold J. Harris. M.D. - Angeline Elizabeth Kirby Memorial Health Center Scholarship rias-Sheporaitis Educational Scholarship Fund Eugene T. Kolezar Scholarship ' rancis A. and Maryann V. Kopen Scholarship K'.rals Fashion Scholarship : '-’her lamb Scholarship Jar.*- lujmpe-Groh Scholarship ^C7irideMen-ori»1^obrSh,P S"«n5ch01arSThMcHcnry Scholarship in Nursing ^B^S^Sd^a,sWp cHcron ^"p^nSdXhiP in Journalism Tl,°m35 r Moravec Memorial Scholarship “"X Sid H Nejib and Omar U. Nejib '92 Memorial Scholarsh.p Lee A. Namcy '68 Scholarship Till Achilles Rosenberg Naparsteck Scholarship O Hop Family Scholarship Overlook Estate Foundation Scholarship Ellen Webster Palmer Scholarship Patel Scholarship Peking Chef Scholarship for International Understanding Pennsylvania Institute of Certified Public Accountants Northeast Chapter Scholarship Pennsylvania's Last Frontiersman Scholarship Craig C. Piatt Memorial Scholarship Henry Blackman Plumb and Edith Plumb Scholarship Frieda Pogorcloff Scholarship Roy H. Pollack Memorial Scholarship Kenneth L. Pollock Scholarship George and Helen Ralston Scholarship GUles B. Reif Scholarship for the Biological Scicnccs ' ^viifeRinchimcrR N 5cholarsh.p Rodechko Scholarship in Histor)- Memorial Scholarship aXoI m°rialSch01arshiP . fcho,arshiP E. and F ThOmaS R San8iul™° Scholarship '4' J0d Mrs. t|,ra"US San8lul'ano Scholarship Abe and Svth c°maS PaU' San8iul'ano ;'"h|,srhlowip's'i' i"'ilV Scholarsh'P Fund . .. ’''In.,,,, ' ''1,larsl'i|’in Nursing ""l""M’t< S,| ’i" r:duiall»n (SSE) *'*U|S < * Mlant,r*‘'l Scholarship -HIB.J 'r^uhrship 5h«* Scholar5|llp Frances D. Shotwell Memorial Scholarship Samuel H. Shotwell Memorial Scr rv. ;■ Mark Slomowitz Memorial SchMarsh Merritt W. and Marjory R. Sorh« r Stanley F. and Helen Sta/ricki M' • Surdna Foundation Scholarship George F. and Ruth M. Swartwwxl • p Cromwell E. and Beryl Ihorrm (/i.r.iark. Reed P. and Dorothy Iravt-. Memor/ . j '.■• • Dr. Norma Sangiuliano F/hurA) Dr. and Mrs. Stanley J. lyhur-.ki; -.«-d > ; I tancis A. Umphrcd Memorial p Dorothy G. and Edward A Venzd >4 M‘-• •< Esther Wcckcsscr Walker Scholarship Robert A. West Scholarship in Education Daniel S. Wilcox. Jr. Scholarships in Acwur ’ g Myvanwy Williams Theater Scholarship William II. and Ruth W, Young Scholarship Ira B. Zatcoff Memorial Scholarship Emery and Mamie Ziegler Scholarship Iv.: . ■ p ANNUAL NAMED SCHOLARSHIPS Mary' E. Dougherty Memorial Scholarship Beverly Blakeslee Hiscox '58 Scholarship Intcrmctro Industries Scholarship David W. Kistler. M.D. Scholarship Charles Mattei. RE. Scholarship Fund Olin Morris Scholarship Fund PA Society of Public Accountants. NE Chapter Scholarship Plains Rotan- Scholarship in Memory- of Leo Pensieri Polish Room Committee Scholarship A. Rifkin and Company Scholarship Sidhu School Outstanding Leaders Scholarship Louis Smith Scholarship Fund United Parcel Sendee Foundation Scholarship Wilkes-Barre Rotary Club Scholarship Wilkes University Faculty Women and Wives Club Scholarship Wyoming Valley Health Care System Medical Staff Annual Scholarship FUTURE SCHOLARSHIPS Agnes C. Aldcrdice ’58 Scholarship Richard and Ellen Ayre Memorial Scholarship Louise Brown Scholarship Crahall Foundation Scholarship Hannah Marie Brccmer Frantz Scholarship Honorable Jeffry Gallel '64 Memorial Scholarship Jason and Tamara Griggs Scholarship Christopher Kopernik Scholarship Fund Clifford and Ruth Melbcrger '62 VPAD Scholarship KPMG/John R. Miller Scholarship Harry J. Movlcr '58 Scholarship Theresa A. Nowinski-Leiter Scholarship Salix anne and Harold Rosenn Scholarship Fund Joanne Raggi Scholarship William H. Rice '48 Scholarship Joseph J. Savitz. Esquire '48 Scholarship Elizabeth A. Slaughter. Ph.D. o8 Scholarship 41 �report of Gifts report OF s Gifts a TheM„ Wilkes Society EV&Mr paul HUn‘ ACctr‘’1"dU5irieSCOrP’ I"1' a Jed Edwin L. Johnson Mr&‘ Lco R. Kane ^^Ks.Ciny.onJ.Karanthebs >’r- ■ .L-hcllc Kenney Mr Allan B KirbyUW Chamberlain Manufacturing Corp. I V Attorney Anne Champion Changeable Sky’s, LLC. Mr. & Mrs. Donald E. Cherry Mr. & Mrs. John Chipego Mr. & Mrs. John J. Chopack Dr. & Mrs- Paul S. Adams Dr. Jesse H. Chopcr Aeroflex Foundation Citizens Charitable Foundation Mr. & Mrs. John Agren Cleveland Brothers Equipment Corp. Mr. &■ Mrs. Albert G. Albert Coca-Cola Bottling Corp. Attorney & Mrs. Stephen M. Albrecht Attorney &r Mrs. Steven Cohen Estate of Agnes CAlderdice Mr. & Mrs. Lawrence E. Cohen Mr. & Mrs. William Ahhauser Attorney Harrison J. Cohen Dr. Jeffrey R. Alves Mr. & Mrs. Douglas Colandrea Amtire Corporation Commonwealth Telephone Enterprises, Inc. Dr. & Mrs. Dean A. Arvan Mr. & Mrs. Scott W. Ashton Mr. & Mrs. Joseph Condron Association of Independent Colleges & University Mrs. Ann M. Coughlin Estate of Ellen Ayre The Coutu Foundation Mr. Charles P. Baker Dr. Harold E. Cox Ballard Spahr Andrews & Ingersoll, LLP Mr. & Dr. Brinlcy Crahall Mr. & Mrs. David A. Baltimore Crahall Family Foundation Dr. Anne Batory Mrs. Grace J. Kirby Culbertson Mr. & Mrs. William F. Behm Dr. Bonnie Culver Bergman Foundation CVS Charitable Trust, Inc. Mr. Mrs. William Bernhard III Mr. Alfredo F. Daniele Mr. George W. Bierly Attorney David G. Dargatis Attorney Craig Blakeley Mr. Samuel M. Davenport Mr. & Mrs. James Blazejewski Mr. & Mrs. William Davidowitz Blue Cross of Northeastern PA Mr. & Mrs. Stanley S. Davies Blue Ribbon Foundation of Blue Cross NEPA Mr. David L. Davis Bohlin. Cyuinsld, Jackson Dr. Catherine De Angelis Borton-Lawson Engineering Mr. Thomas J. Deitz Mr. & Mrs. Albert Boscov Captain & Mrs. Fred R. Demech. Jr. Dr. & Mrs. John P. Brady III Alexander W. Dick Foundation Mr. &t Mrs. Robert Brandl Diversified Information Technologies, Inc. Brdaric Excavating. Inc. Mr. & Mrs. Raymond E. Dombroski Brennan Electric, Inc. Attorney & Mr. Stuart Donaldson r. & Mrs. Richard L. Bunn Downtown Wilkes-Barre Touchdown Club Mr. & Mrs. Patrick j. Burke Mr. & Mrs. Michael Dziak Mr. & Mrs. William Bush Estate of Isadorc & Gotha Edelstein Trust > Az Mrs. Scon A. Byers Mr. James P. Edwards Attorney Timothy Cahn Mr. Mrs. Anthony Cardinale Facility Design & Dcvclojjpmcnt LTD. Mr. Welton G. Farrar of Brace & Charlene Cardon Trust Ms. Sandra Sarno Carroll Dr. Darin E. Fields Mr. & Mrs. Terrence Winston Cast Follett College Stores »ey Mr. & Mrs. John M. Ccfaly.Jr. Dr. Don C. Follmcr Mrs. Denise Schaal Cesare Jack Follweilers Garage 42 Mr. & Mrs. Robert Fortinsky Mr. &• Dr. Michael J. Frantz Mr. & Mrs. Sidney Friedman Attorney & Mrs. Brad Friedman Estate of Dr. William L. Gaines GAO Marbuck Foundation Dr. & Mrs. James Garofalo Mr. & Mrs. Michael Gavin Mr. & Mrs. Thomas M. Gehret Geisinger Wyoming Valley Medical Staff Attorney & Mrs. Richard Gelfond Attorney Susan Gcllman & Mr. Jack Chomsky Mr. Jeffrey S. Giberson Dr. & Mrs. Joseph E. Gilmour Mr. & Mrs. William Gino Mr. & Mrs. Sheldon Goidcll Mr. & Mrs. Alan Gold Golden Business Machines, Inc. Mr. & Mrs. Jerome R. Goldstein Mr. & Mrs. Michael 1. Gottdenker Gould Evans Affiliates Dr. Bernard W. Graham Green Valley Landscaping Inc. Dr. & Mrs. David Greenwald Estate of Charlotte R. Gregory Estate of Brynly R. Griffiths Trust Mr. & Mrs. Jason D. Griggs Mr. & Mrs. Edward Grogan Mr. & Mrs. Alfred Groh Guard Foundation Guard Insurance Group Dr. Alan E. Guskin, Ph.D. Mr. Vladimir Hadsky Mr. & Mrs. William A. Hanbury Harkness Foundations for Dance Attorney James Harshaw Dr. Wilbur E Hayes Ms. Louise S. Hazeltinc, RN Mr. & Mrs. Nicholas A. Heineman Mr. & Mrs. Frank M. Henry' Mr. & Mrs. Frederick Herrmann Dr. Edwin F. Hilinski Mr. & Mrs. Frederick J. Hills Mr. Michael J. Hirthlcr Hirtle Gallaghan & Company Attorney & Mrs. Harry R- Hiscox Mr. & Mrs. Arnold M. Hoeflich Mr. & Mrs. Seymour Holtzman Mr. & Mrs. Terrence P. Horrigan Attorney Fordham E. Huffman Mr. & Mrs. Frank H. Hughes, Jr- Dr&Mrs.DanF.Kopen ?hc Honorable Edwin M.Kosik Attorney Ronald Krauss Kro„tckKalad«Bcrdy&Co.,PC Attorney Harold Kwalwasser ylrDrew Landmesser Dr Charles F. Laycock The Honorable Charles D. Lemmond. Jr. Dr. & Mrs. J. Michael Lennon The Lion Brewery, Inc. Lockheed Manin-Archbald, PA Attorney Jeffrey Lowcnlhal The Lubrizol Foundation Luzerne County Convention & Visitors Bureau Luzerne Foundation Luzerne National Bank M & T Bank M & T Charitable Foundation George Marquis MacDonald Foundation Attorney & Mrs. Paul William MacGregor Mr. & Mrs. Thomas J. Mack, Jr. Attorney Fred Magaziner Mr. & Mrs. Michael J. Mahoney Mark IV Industries Foundation, Inc. Mrs. Marjorie Marquart Attorney & Mr. Monte Marti Maslow Family Foundation, Inc. Mrs. Melanie Maslow Lumia Anorney & Mrs. Richard Matasar Mr. & Mrs. Kelly J. Mather Mr.&Mrs. George J. Matz -IcCole Foundation. Inc. Me & Mrs. Robert McFadden G- McGowan Charitable Fund, Inc. ^Mrs. Gerard A. McHalc.Jr. "’ey K. Heather McRay ''^K'rs-CWfordK.Melberger ^-^nkH.MenakerJr. Mrs. R0berl Mericle Ms u?'5 & Nancy Merryman Mr 'Canic Mickelson MrtMrS'Ncil L-Millar ' an,R. Miller Mr. & Mrs. Gerald A. Moffatt Mr. & Mrs. Jerry A. Mohn Attorney &■ Mrs. Norman Monhait Mr. & Mrs. William P. Montague, Jr. Dr. & Mrs. James J. Morgan Attorney Andrew J. Morris Estate of Mabie &John C. Hosteller Trust Mr. & Mrs. Robert A. Mugford Mr. James J. Mulligan N.R.G. Controls North, Inc. NACDS - National Association Of Chain Drug Stores NE PA Paint & Decorating Contractors Mr. & Mrs. Joseph J. Neetz NEPA American Society Highway Engineers New Era Technologies, Inc. Ms. Anna Rusnak Noon PA Society of Public Accountants, NE Chapter (PSPA) Pa. Economy League Inc. Mr. Richard J. Pape Mr. <Sc Mrs. Michael A. Paternoster Mr. & Mrs. Richard L. Pearsall Attorney & Mrs. William A. Pcrlmuth Mr. Peter W Pcrog Pharmacists Mutual Insurance Company Dr. <Sr Mrs. Cummings A. Piatt Attorney & Mrs. Arthur Piccone Plains Rotary Club Estate of H. B. & E. M. Plumb Trust Dr. William A. Plummer Polish Room Committee PP & L - Scranton. PA Attorney & Mrs. Jonathan S. Pressman Price Waterhouse Coopers Dr. & Mrs. George Ralston Mr. Thomas N. Ralston Dr. & Mrs. William E Raub Mr. John G. Reese Mr. & Mrs. Charles M. Reilly Mr. <Sr Mrs. Nicholas S. Reynolds Mrs. Man- B. Rhodes Mr. & Mrs. jerry N. Rickrode Mr. & Mrs. Arnold S. Rifkin Dr. & Mrs. James Rodechko Mr. Joseph Rogers Mr. & Mrs. Roger A. Rolfe Mr. & Mrs. Harvey I. Rosen Rosenn, Jenkins & Greenwald, LLP Attorney Michael D. Rosenthal Mr. & Mrs. Richard M. Ross, Jr. Mrs. Man- Catherine Rotert Attorney & Mrs. Eugene Roth Mr. Jay C. Rubino Dr. & Mrs. Michael Rupp Attorney James J. Sandman Mr. & Mrs. Marino J. Santarelii Mr. & Mrs. Ronald Lee Sargent Mrs. Sylvia Savitz* Attorney & Mrs. Joseph J. Savitz Mr. Brian Scandlc Michael Sdder I "3" Horney & Mrs joseph Seiler HI J,lor"'y Michael Sel,cr ^^'•LShah Mr & Mrs. Alexander D si, xM'^"ielSheJ„CrDSh’W111 & Mrs.Jays. Sidhu ^^Mr.WiHiamsfe k Mr'&u" °"ardSilbcrman Mrs. Ronald Simms °rE1,»bcth A. Slaughter Mr. Gerald Smith Sodexho, Inc. M'. 6.’Mrs. William B.Sordon. Dr. Andrew J. Sordonilll Sordoni Foundation, Inc. Mr. & Mrs. Estelle Sotirhos Dr-& Mrs. Mark D. Stine SunGard Collegis. Inc. Mr. & Mrs. Kenneth H. Taylor. Jr. Ms. Lisa A. Tcrcha Th'Overlook Estate Foundation The Wachovia Foundation The Weininger Foundation. Inc. The Willary Foundation Board Mr. & Mrs. William R. Thomas John & Josephine Thomas Foundation Mr. & Mrs. William H.Tremaync Mr. & Mrs. Ronald D. Tremayne Mr. & Mrs. William J. Umphred Attorney & Mrs. Mark A. Van Loon Mr. & Mrs. B. William Vanderburg Estate of Ann Brennan Wagner Walgreens Co. Mr. Walt Walker The Wandcll Charitable Trust Mr. &: Mrs. James Ward Rabbi & Mrs. Bruce Warshal Dr. & Mrs. John Wartella Mr. & Mrs. Gerald E Weber Mr. & Mrs. Thomas Weeks Dr. & Mrs. Leslie P. Weiner Mr. Norman E. Weiss Dr. David J. Wells Dr. & Mrs. Paul A. Wonder Dr. Gilbert Wildstein Attorney Brian Wildstein Wilkes-Barre Rotary Club Mr. & Mrs. Don E. Wilkinson, Jr. Mr. & Mrs. Gan- H. Williams Mr. & Mrs. Martin E. Williams Mr. & Mrs. William I. J. Williams Attorney David S. Wolf Mr. & Mrs. Michael Wood Wyoming Valley Healthcare ffi Estate of William H. Young Attorney Richard S. Zarin Attorney Jonah Zimiles 43 * �BEPor. if Gift5 t|,c John W>lfc« Sodf'V Ai and Js-- Lampe-Groh (at left] with PrcsidentTim Gilmour and his v. ife, Patt>-. served Wilkes University, its students and the community. They now continue their tradition of dedication by serving as co-chairs of the John Wilkes Society. This 8 society is open to anyone who generously supports Wilkes by annually giving $1,000 or e to the university. On behalf of Wilkes University, S thnnk all donors whose support has helped keep 44 3 WllkeS educatIon an affordable mark of excellence. ■I �j WHILKES UNIVERSITY L Anne H Batory Sidhu School of Business Graduate � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Wilkes Alumni Magazine, 1947-present Subject The topic of the resource Alumni Relations Description An account of the resource <p>An archive of Wilkes University Magazine, from 1947-present. The magazine went through various names including <em>Wilkes Alumnus</em>, <em>Wilkes Quarterly,</em> <em>Wilkes Universe</em>, and the current title, <em>Wilkes Magazine</em>. Some editions for the <em>Wilkes Universe</em>, will have multiple issues within the file record. Our holdings may be missing editions for certain years due to having no physical copy within the collection. </p> Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Wilkes University Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Wilkes University Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Wilkes University Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1947-present Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Wilkes Universe, Winter 2006 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Alumni Relations Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Winter 2006 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource PDF Type The nature or genre of the resource Publication https://omeka.wilkes.edu/omeka/files/original/8b96a0c2506d8f23409dc05d0e0d0fed.pdf f7ef3c627e5445dcca31665a0f1ce56c PDF Text Text ▼ wiLKESuniverse The voice of Wilkes University Alumni FALL200G J Watching the World • o 0 . o ■ o ♦ ■ o . J ■*•01 ♦ • « . J FRED EDRICH '73 SERVES AS ^ORB N POLICY EXP«rAND NATIONAL SECURITY ANALYST H rar//fox ‘‘^ws W w f| •TEE TO FINAL DETAILS OF OVERDUE S3&5 E • “/as l SPENC SO E s _____ SCARBOROUGH COUNTRY NO SYMPATHY FOR SADDAM LIVE I �wiLKESuniverse Building a Great Wilkes BY DR.TIM GILMOUR, WILKES UNIVERSITY PRESIDENT T'S HARDTO BELIEVE, BUT I’M ENTERING MY SIXTH YEAR AS PRESIDENT OF WILKES University. And it has been such an honor and pleasure to serve. When 1 accepted the presidency, 1 knew Wilkes was unique. It was unique because of its commitment to students and its active involvement in the gion’s development. My thought at the time — and even more so today__is that these are the very qualities that die colleges of the future must possess. Building on these qualities over the past five years, we have become an even stronger institution. With the help of the entire university community, we have defined mentoring as the way we connect with and challenge our students, grown our enrollments by 30 percent, developed exciting new academic programs, begun to revitalize the campus, provided more competitive compensation and strengthened our finances — all things to be celebrated. But as our journey to greater strength has progressed, there has been a surpris­ ing but significant turn of events. Without explicitly planning it, we have shifted from being an institution that was working hard to be very good to one that has the potential to be truly great. But to be great is even harder work and it involves significant change. The university community is rising to the challenge, but we are talking about change and it is both threatening and difficult. As one trustee recently said to me, “1 admire your ambitions for Wilkes, but I’m not sure every­ one has the faith in Wilkes you do.” I responded, “That’s my challenge — to help as many as I can see the enormous opportunities before Wilkes and to believe we can realize them.” I know building a great Wilkes University will not be easy. But I also know that the opportunities before us far outweigh any risks we might face. We will need the help of our alumni — your talent, time and treasure — more than ever. As heartening as the news about Wilkes is the progress in Wilkes-Barre. My fitness program centers on walking around the campus and town. Lately, I’ve been feeling like a sidewalk superintendent to an awakening city. It is exhilarat­ ing. Its not just the projects about to be completed or underway — the new 14 screen theatre, the renovation of the Sterling Hotel, the development of the river­ front, the installation of new streetlights, or the plans of local retailers to expand or upgrade their establishments. It's the significant shift in tone and attitude among those with whom 1 work. There is a growing sense that our city will soon become a lovely, artsy college town on the Susquehanna. I have to tell you it’s fun to walk around campus and town and feel this sense of optimism and possibility. And it’s even more inspiring to have the role 1 have been dealt in all of this. Come to Homecoming this fall and see it all — you so proud of your alma mater, nestled in a great, reawakening city and in the process of defining a vital role for itself in the 21st century. L! I FALL 2006 WILKES UNIVERSITY President Dr. Tim Gilmour Features VP for Development Martin Williams UNIVERSE EDITORIAL STAFF Cover Story: Executive Director, Marketing Communications Jack Chielli 10 Foreign policy expert Fred Gedrich ’73 discusses world affairs Associate Director, Marketing Communications Christine (Tondrick) Seitzinger ’98 Spotlight: Sports Editor John Seitzinger 14 eMentoring the next generation of students Contributing Writers Dr. Harold Cox Dr. Kyle Kreider Erin Sweeney FM'07 Cindy Taren M1’’07 Julie Uehara Emily Vincent 16 The case of the missing class ring Sections Layout/Design Quest Fore ALUMNI RELATIONS STAFF 2 Association News Executive Director Sandra Sarno Carroll 4 Development News Associate Director Michelle Diskin ‘95 5 Sports Alumni Services Manager Nancy A. Weeks ALUMNI ASSOCIATION BOARD OFFICERS President Colleen Gries Gallagher '81 6 On Campus 18 Class Notes First Vice President George Pawlush '69 Second Vice President Terrence Casey '82 Historian John Pullo'82 Secretary Beth Danner '02 Photography Earl & Sedor Photographic Mark Golaszewski Howard Korn Curtis Salonick Photography Michael PTouey Printing Payne Printery, Inc. FALL 2006 Wilkes Umvvisity r‘»“ independent institution of tugher educai on dcd.cjtcd Io OMdemlc and mtelectual iicc'cric m th<? i tx-.ii erta sciences, u-id |uoto»cmalpityiums The un«ittv PCvJi’'• '<’• •.•.»>.nti with tne c*pciH'iro and education nect-it■ v lor cateer and w. ecta’i development >i » v.-.”i as Ku pertonal giowtti. c r..km a • uiv. o v end civi: ir-.porv.>b,iiry and c.ncouiay? j da atudenin to we iw the opporiunitien and challenges ul a divaiwt and coni nu-a’i du'ht .*tj writl Ihn ih’.vci :ity unnsrrees Iho ttouihunvf tttong student be_•'ty uuvr.ti t r in ail its F't'J'iinr.. nttracts <n-d tela iv. t 'iv.tar.ding tv.’p'e a «vety ncgmcntol It’U uniwf-ty an-J ••■-.un-.. ntpmt o'I • ,t i> . >iv: ..i.ty irAi.'lvoivM iin.l indiy dual iv ,r .’. t w.thn the ent to u.vv n. it On the cover: Fil’d Gedrieh 73. Photo by Howurd Korn. �ASSOCIATIONneWS ASSOCIATIONneWS Construction is almost completeo “Now all we need are the residents.” Two Extraordinary Brothers Honored at Annual Alumni Scholarship Awards Dinner The annual Alumni Scholarship Award Dinner took place on April 29. 2006. honoring Ronald Tremayne '58 and William Tremayne '57. The ballroom at the Henry Student Center was packed with many friends, family and community members who came out to celebrate the momentous occasion. The program featured a tribute to all the hard work and generosity the Tremaynes have shown to Wilkes over the years. Terrance Casey '82, second vice president of the Alumni Association, was the master of ceremonies. Speaking on behalf of the brothers were Anthony S. Cicatiello and Wilkes University Vice President Paul Adams ’77. Ron and Bill also spoke to the audience about their love for Wilkes, why they think it is so important to give back to the university and how thankful and honored they were to receive this prestigious award. The alumni scholarship recipient for the second consecutive year * nn • / — ( ph j.H KK ■ EMZ Left to Right: Colleen Gallagher '81, Paul Sollazzo '89,, Dr. Mark Stine, Andrea Scarantino '08, Scott Ferguson '04 and guest, Sandra Sarno Carroll, D< )oug Carroll, Jodi Viscomi '05,Tara Smith '04, Melissa Maybe '05, Frania Hollaway '76 was James Bocchichio ’08, who began the evening by talking about the opportunity the scholarship has afforded him and his family. He spoke of the inspiration he had received from those who believed in him and his desire to give back to others in the future. The schol­ arship has enabled him to continue his many volunteer activities while a full-time student. The 2006 Scholarship Committee was chaired by former mayor of Wilkes-Barre, Lee Namey ’68, and supported by committee member Patrick Burke ’69. Wilkes Visits New Jersey Alumni On May 11, 2006, the Wilkes alumni and development staff and New Jersey-area alumni came together at the Hilton Hotel in Parsippany, N.J. Over food and drinks, attendees took the time to reminisce about the good times they shared at Wilkes. Guest speaker for the event was Dr. Mark Stine, associate professor and chair of the communication studies department, who shared information about the importance of internships and the benefits of studying abroad. Alumni Association President Colleen Gallagher ’81 presented an overview of where the Alumni Association is headed. If you would like to get involved at Newjersey networking session or have an idea of an event you think would be fun, please e-mail alumni@wilkes.edu. We look forward to seeing you next time! Loft to Right: RonTremayno '58, Dr.Tini Gilmour and BillTremayno '57 Wilkes Launches Online Community More than 55 percent of all Wilkes alumni have graduated since the inception of the Internet. Now, the Alumni Association is giving you an interactive way to support your natural networking inclinations online. The Colonel Connection is a great way to find classmates and friends, network, post jobs or resumes, get involved in mentoring or organize a reunion. If you haven’t already, you will soon receive a postcard complete with instructions on how to log on and register. The first 100 people to update their profiles will be entered in a drawing for cool Wilkes stuff. The Colonel Connection received its name thanks to alumni who participated in a naming contest. Michael Seeherman ’90 of Wyndmoor, Pa., took the grand prize of an iPod Shuffle when his entry came in almost exactly 24 hours before that of the runner-up, Debbie Brandt ’02. Brandt, who resides in Hanson, Mass., received a prize package with Alumni Association merchandise. Co to: community.wilkes.edu An online community exclusively for Wilkex alumni that let> youi • Find jour friends. • Shire youf news. • Add elm notei. • Create a photo ja’Jery. Travel Opportunities With the Alumni Association It's not too late to join the Alumni Association on these exciting trips abroad: Wilkes University Presents an Alpine Christinas! Departure Date: Nov. 30, 2006 7 clays '.vww.collettevacalions.com/groupAVilkes/alpine.cfm Celebrate the holiday season with the Wilkes University Alumni Association, alpine-style. Spend six nights in the heart of Austria and explore the Christmas markets of Austria and southern Bavaria, Germany. The Alps provide a picture-postcard setting for holiday travel through Europe’s winter wonderland. This unique trip offers all the advantages of group travel plus the freedom to pursue personal interests - shopping, sightseeing and dining. Cost is SI,950 based on double occupancy and includes trip insurance and taxes. A S250 deposit is required to reserve your spot. Reservations will be on a first-come, first-served basis. Beijing City Stay Departure Date: March 13, 2007 8 days www.collettevacations.com/group/ Wilkes/china.cfm Next year, join the Alumni Association on a fascinating trip to Beijing, China, home to such historic structures as the Forbidden City, the elegant Summer Palace and Tiananmen Square. Become acquainted with this fabled spot and learn about the spirit and history of the Chinese culture. This one-of-a-kind trip once again offers you all the advantages of group travel and the flexibility to be on your own. The cost is $1,710 based on double occupancy and includes taxes. Travel insurance is available but is not included. A S250 deposit is required to reserve your spot and seats will fill up quickly! Contact the alumni office today at 1-800-WILKES-U ext. 4134 for more information or e-mail Michelle.Diskin@wilkcs.edu �spoRTspage DEVELOPMENTIieWS The Gift of a Lifetime Wilkes University's development office is offering personalized illustrations of how a gift annuity could work for you. It may be just what you are looking for to combine your charitable giving with your income needs. CHARITABLE GIFT ANNUITY IS A t % simple contract between you and Wilkes K * University. In exchange for your irrevocable gift of cash, securities or other assets, Wilkes agrees to pay one or two annuitants you name a fixed sum each year for life. The older your designated annuitants are at the time of the gift, the greater the fixed income Wilkes University can agree to pay. In most cases, part of each payment is tax-free, increasing each payments after-tax value. Seven Benefits of a Gift Annuity 1. Fixed and Secure Income for Life Your payment rate will be locked in at the time you obtain your gift annuity. It will not rise or fall with the economy. Instead, it will be the same amount every year_ and that can mean a lot in uncertain times. 2. Attractive Rates When you compare Wilkes University's gift annuity rates with what you might receive from a savings account or certificate of deposit, you will likely be pleasantly surprised. 3. Regular Payments When you establish your gift annuity, you decide how often you want to receive your payments. Whether you choose to receive checks or direct deposits every' quarter, semiannually' or only once-a-year, whatever you choose, receiving your regular payments on a specific, predetermined date is comforting and helpful for planning purposes. 4. Lifetime Benefit Gift annuities are for life. No alter what your age now or how long you live, payments will continue right to the very- end This benefit of ongoing payments can provide security for you as you grow older. 5. Dependable Source Wilkes University stands behind all our gift annuities. We have a reserve fund set aside to meet our obligations. We want you to feel safe and secure and to have confidence that your payments will continue without fail. 6. Relieffrom Taxes Since part of y'our contribution for a gift annuity is considered a charitable gift by the IRS, you will receive an income tax charitable deduction to apply on an itemized return. Also, during your lifetime, you will be able to claim part of the annuity payment as tax-free income. 7. Simple Process Obtaining a gift annuity from Wilkes University is easy. We provide you with a tailor-made illustration and materials you can share with your family' and advisor(s). For further information about Wilkes University’s gift annuity program, use the postcard reply inserted in this page, send an e-mail to evelyne.topfer@wilkes.edu or call Evelyne Topfer at 570-408-4309. Whatever your interest, with a little planning, your legacy can last forever. William '52 mid Comdu Umplirod [BUSONESS KEPLY MADE FIRST-CLASS MAIL PERMIT NO. 355 WILKES-BARRE PA POSTAGE WILL BE PAID BY ADDRESSEE WILKES UNIVERSITY HOMECOMING HEADQUARTERS OFFICE OF ALUMNI RELATIONS 84 W SOUTH ST WILKES-BARRE PA 18701-9832 I...III..I.I...III min vvnivt:^ ^(SDssiuir«fln.<ss Agresti was named Pitcher of the Year for the third straight season after going 15-6 with a 0.76 earned run average. She also averaged 12.1 strikeouts per game. Agresti, who was named a second team National Fastpitch Coaches — t Region id earned a berth ast Regional AllNO POSTAGE im, also was a NECESSARY IF MAILED emic All-American, IN THE tnich earned Rookie UNITED STATES >rs after hitting 42 runs and il record 14 tich excelled as a ing a 9-5 record and average. She also t on the East urnament Team. selected as the ence Coach of the nd time in the last hie a roster that 'O seniors and 14 s able to guide the erence title and 16 >0 games. recurs ui ma.er'uuiiejyjicaii.e FootbalB BY DR. HAROLD COX Oct. 11, 2006, marks the 60th anniversary of intercol­ legiate football at Wilkes, part of the revival of intercol­ legiate sports at what was then Bucknell University Junior College (BUJC) following the end of World War 11. The establishment of a football team was a major undertaking. The college did not have a coach, property suitable for practice or game play, or any football equipment. These problems were solved quickly. George Ralston was recruited from the college's Veteran's Guidance Center staff to coach the team. An arrangement was made with nearby Kingston High School to use its field on weekends when Kingston was playing away games. Lastly, Wilkes-Barre city officials gave their permission to use the field in Kirby Park for the team's practices. The team was assembled and organized in less than six weeks. The players were all student volunteers, the majority being veterans of World War 11. At the same time, other enterprising students showed their support for the new team. A pre-game pep rally was scheduled along the dike, and one student named Reese Pelton organized a band to support the athletic events. The first football team played six games with various junior college level teams. It gave up only two touchdowns and finished the season undefeated. The combined season score was BUJC - 95, opponents - 12. As an article in the 1947 BUJC Yearbook noted, "Rarely docs a football team make such an imposing start.” �SPORTspage DEVELOPMENT IICWS The Gift of a Lifetime Wilkes University's development office is offering personalized illusti ations Of how a gift annuity could work for you. It may be just what you are looking for to combine your charitable giving with your income needs. CHARITABLE GIFT ANNUITY IS A g W simple contract between you and Wilkes K w University. In exchange for your irrevocable gift of cash, securities or other assets. Wilkes agrees to pay one or two annuitants you name a fixed sum each year for life. The older your designated annuitants are at the time of the gift, the greater the fixed income Wilkes University can agree to pay. In most cases, part of each payment is tax-free, increasing each payments after-tax value. Seven Benefits of a Gift Annuity 1. Fixed and Secure Income for Life Your payment rate will be locked in at the time you obtain your gift annuity. It will not rise or fall with the economy. Instead, it will be the same amount every year — and that can mean a lot in uncertain times. 2. Attractive Rates When you compare Wilkes University's gift annuity rales with what you might receive from a savings account or certificate of deposit, you will likely be pleasantly surprised. 3. Regular Payments When you establish your gift annuity, you decide how often you want to receive your payments. Whether you choose to receive checks or direct deposits ever)' quarter, semiannually or only once-a-year, whatever you choose, receiving your regular payments on a specific, predetermined date is comforting and helpful for planning purposes. 4. Lifetime Benefit Gift annuities are for life. No alter what your age now or how long you live, payments will continue right to the very end. This benefit of ongoing payments can provide security for you as you grow older. 5. Dependable Source Wilkes University stands behind all our gift annuities. We have a reserve fund set aside to meet our obligations. We W'ant you to feel safe and secure and to have confidence that your payments will continue without fail. 6. Relieffrom Taxes Since part of your contribution for a gift annuity is considered a charitable gift by the IRS, you will receive an income tax charitable deduction to apply on an itemized return. Also, during your lifetime, you will be able to claim part of the annuity payment as tax-free income. 7. Simple Process Obtaining a gift annuity from Wilkes University is easy. We provide you with a tailor-made illustration and materials you can share with your family and advisor(s). For further information about Wilkes University’s gift annuity program, use the postcard reply inserted in this page, send an e-mail to evelyne.lopfer@wilkes.edu or call Evelyne Topfer at 570-408-4309. Whatever your interest, with a little planning, your legacy can last forever. William '52 nntl Connie Uniphrud The Lady Colonels celebrate an NCAA playoff berth after a victory over rival King s College. SoftbaiBTesim Gamers IMCAA Berth and IndivodimsiD Award Trifecta BY ERIN SWEENEY M'07 he softball squad fought I its way to an overall record of I 28-15 this spring, including a I 12-2 record in the Freedom Conference. The team’s performance earned the Lady Colonels a berth in the Freedom Conference playoffs, which were held at the Ralston Complex. Wilkes opened tournament play by topping Lycoming College in the opening round and then posted consecutive victories over rival King’s College to claim its first Freedom Conference title and an automatic berth into the NCAA Division III Championship. Wilkes, making its first NCAA appearance since 1999, traveled to Rutgers-Camden University for the East Regional Tournament. The Lady Colonels would finish with a 2-2 mark in the Regional Tournament. “With such a young team, inexpe­ rience was a concern,'’ commented head coach Frank Matthews. “With some solid veteran leadership, they were able to turn hope into a reality.” Wilkes captured three of the four Freedom Conference individual awards. Junior Laurie Agresti was named Pitcher of the Year for the third straight season after going 15-6 with a 0.76 earned run average. She also averaged 12.1 strikeouts per game. Agresti, who was named a second team National Fastpitch Coaches Association East Region All-American and earned a berth on the NCAA East Regional All­ Tournament Team, also was a District II Academic All-American. Samantha Evanich earned Rookie of the Year honors after hitting .304, driving in 42 runs and slugging a school record 14 homeruns. Evanich excelled as a pitcher, fashioning a 9-5 record and 1.35 earned run average. She also garnered a berth on the East Regional All-Tournament Team. Matthews was selected as the Freedom Conference Coach of the Year for the second time in the last three years. Despite a roster that included only two seniors and 14 freshmen, he was able to guide the team to the conference title and 16 wins in its final 20 games. Wilkes CeOebrates 60 Years of fJtrDtereoDDegjDate FootbaOD BY DR. HAROLD COX Oct. 11, 2006, marks the 60th anniversary of intercol­ legiate football at Wilkes, part of the revival of intercol­ legiate sports at what was then Bucknell University Junior College (BUJC) following the end of World War 11. The establishment of a football team was a major undertaking. The college did not have a coach, property suitable for practice or game play, or any football equipment. These problems were solved quickly. George Ralston was recruited from the colleges Veteran's Guidance Center staff to coach the team. An arrangement was made with nearby Kingston High School to use its field on weekends when Kingston was playing away games. Lastly, Wilkes-Barre city officials gave their permission to use the field in Kirby Park for the team’s practices. The team was assembled and organized in less than six weeks. The players were all student volunteers, the majority being veterans of World War II. At the same lime, other enterprising students showed their support for the new team. A pre-game pep rally was scheduled along the dike, and one student named Reese Pelton organized a band to support the athletic events. The first football team played six games with various junior college level teams. It gave up only two touchdowns and finished the season undefeated. The combined season score was BUJC - 95, opponents - 12. As an article in the 1947 BUJC Yearbook noted. "Rarely docs a football team make such an imposing start." �WILKES I* 59th Annual Spring Commencement Wilkes University President Tim Gilmour conferred 273 bachelor's, 262 master’s and 72 doctor of pharmacy degrees during the university’s I © Rachel Dyer and Carlos Candelario will perform with the National Players Touring Company. W ■ ■ GO _ Theatre Arts Alumni Selected to Perform with National Players Carlos Candelario 06 of Harvey’s Lake, Pa., and Rachel Dyer ’06 of Forestburgh, N.Y., have been selected to tour with the prestigious National Players Touring Company’ in Washington, D.C. National Players, now in its 58th year, is the longest-running classical touring company in the United States. This year, it will present William Shakespeare’s Othello and Oscar Wilde’s The Importance of Being Ernest. Candelario will understudy the title role in Othello and Lane in The Importance of Being Ernest. Dyer will play support roles in Othello and Lady Bracknell in The Importance of Being Ernest. The company is scheduled to tour the United Slates in the fall of 2006. Alumnus Ben Shovlin ’00 toured with National Players five years ago in Shakespeare’s Much Ado About Nothing. Joe Dav. son. chair of visual and performing arts, performed in Romeo and Juliet and The Taming of the Shrew in the group’s 30th tour. University in Ohio, Etruscan Press has created a full-time managing editor position and will provide on-site experiential learning opportu­ nities for students in the creative writing program as well as Wilkes undergraduate students. “While we delight in being able 10 provide a congenial home for Etruscan Press, we will benefit greatly from the national exposure of having the press here on campus," said Wilkes University President Tim Gilmour. “This partnership also sends a strong message about the cultural richness of the region. Having a university-based press with the prominence of Etruscan will put Northeastern Pennsylvania on the literary' world’s map.” From its inception in 2001, Etruscan Press has promoted books that nurture the dialogue among genres, achieve a distinctive voice and reshape the literary and cultural histories of which they are a part. Etruscan has published books by H.L. Hix, Milton Kessler and William Heyen, whose collection of poetry’ Shoah Train, received a National Book Award nomination in 2004. During its brief history, Etruscan Press has garnered several prestigious grants, including The Nalional Endowment for the Arts, The Ohio Arts Council, and the Nathalie and James Andrews Foundation. Etruscan Press founders Bob Mooney (left) and Phil Brady (at podium) discuss the partnership with Wilkes. Alumnus Flies American Flag Over Iraq For Wilkes Football Team This spring, Wilkes University welcomed home a hero. U.S. Air Force Captain Tom Yeager ’96 returned to campus for the first time in more than six years to make a special presentation to the Wilkes football team. An F-15 fighter pilot, Yeager flew an American flag over Iraq on a recent mission for Operation Iraqi Freedom. He presented the flag, along with a mission certificate, to head football coach Frank Sheptock and more than 80 members of the football team who turned out to meet and welcome the captain. The flag will fly at Ralston Field during the fall sports season. Yeager, who credits his experiences as a student athlete and coach Sheptock for providing him with the leadership skills necessary to be a good soldier, spoke to the team about his career as a pilot, the war on terrorism and the importance of team building, leadership and mentorship. “Wilkes University’ was a building block to where 1 am today,” Yeager said. “I feel my time on the football field with fellow teammates and the leadership of coach Sheptock mirrors everyday’ life as an Air Force fighter pilot.” Yeager also showed the team a DVD with raw footage of the mission Continued on Page S Pictured from left aro: Dr. Paul Adams, vice president of student affairs; Addy Mnlatcsti director of athletics; Copt. Tom Yengei ?r; head football coach Frank Sheptock; and Sandra Carroll, executive director of alumni rrelations. �oNcampus he flew with the flag. While on campus, Yeager was given a person­ alized tour of new buildings, including the University Center on Main and the Henn' Student Center, which was under construction when he last visited Wilkes. After a twoweck leave to his hometown of Ashland. Pa., Yeager flew to California where he began Top Gun training with the Navy Hornets. “One of my goals is to return and do a fly-by over campus for Homecoming." he said. Graham Appointed Interim Provost Dr. Bernard Graham, dean of the Nesbitt College of Pharmacy and Nursing, has been appointed interim provost. Graham replaces Dr. Maravene Loeschke who resigned in May to become president of Mansfield University of Pennsylvania. Graham brings more than 35 years of experience in industry and education to the interim post. He was appointed dean of the Nesbitt College of Pharmacy and Nursing in 1995. He previously served as associate dean of the college of pharmacy at Idaho State University and as an associate ■r Prtze-'wir.r.mt professor of the college of pharmacy at the University of South Carolina. Graham also served as a senior health physicist and environmental group supervisor with Pennsylvania Power and Light in Allentown, Pa. “1 look forward to working with all of the university's academic depart­ ments, my colleagues on Deans Council and members of President’s Cabinet to help to set the university’s strategic direction," Graham said. The university has convened a committee to conduct a national search for a permanent replacement for Loeschke. Dr. Harveyjacobs, associate dean of the Nesbitt College of Pharmacy and Nursing, will step in as dean in Graham’s absence. The Beacon Receives Award for Excellence in Content, Coverage and Editing Wilkes University's student newspaper, The Beacon, received a first-place rating from the American Scholastic Press Association in its annual review and contest. The Beacon was given an unprecedented perfect score for both content/ coverage and editing, and the reviewer cited outstanding writing ivered the excellence as chief among the traits that distinguish the paper. This is the fifth year that the weekly college newspaper has received first place honors in the annual contest. Beacon advisor and assistant professor of communi­ cation studies Dr. Andrea Frantz is the 2004 Association for Education in Journalism and Mass Communication Small Programs National Journalism Teacher of the Year. g the annual meeting of the Eastern Psychological Association were (back row, left to> right): Dr. Bob Bohlander, associate professor of Attending gy; David Scarisbrick; Jason Kowalski; Adam Mason; Aaron Pascoe; Amanda Baronow' psychology rski; Shanna Allen; April Ritz; Kalyn Rupert; and Dr. DebbieTini indell, associate professor of psychology. Front row, left to right: Rebecca Storer, Lauren Peters, Cheryl Kramer, Virginia Merola, Erica Bucholz and Lindsay Nanz. Dr. Paola Bianco with Dr. Darin Fields, dean of the College of Arts, Humanities and Social Sciences. Bianco Publishes Anthologies of Spanish Literature Dr. Paola Bianco, associate professor of Spanish, published a series of > books for university use and high £I school Spanish advanced placement | courses. The series consists of three I editions of Spanish works and two volumes of Hispanic literature. The three editions are: “La Casa de Bernarda Alba,” a play by Federico Garcia Lorca; San Manuel Bueno, Martir, a short novel by Miguel de Unamuno; and a play by Tirso de Molina titled, “El Burlador de Psychology Students Present Research to Psychology Association Fourteen psychology students attended the annual meeting of the Eastern Psychological Association in Baltimore to present posters of research they conducted with faculty mentors Dr. Debbie Tindell and Dr. Robert Bohlander. The research focused on memory recall, cognition and word fragmentation. Students Present Research at PA Academy of Science More than 40 biology and chemistry majors presented research papers and posters with their faculty mentors at the 82nd annual meeting of the Pennsylvania Academy of Science (PAS) in Hershey, Pa. Wilkes University had one of the largest contingencies of undergrad­ uates at the meeting. PAS provides forums for both junior and senior scientific research presentations and discussions and also encourages colleagues to meet from different academic institutions and indus­ tries. Dr. Valerie Kalter, associate professor of biology, serves as president of PAS. Student Athletes Raise Money for Charity More than 225 Wilkes University student athletes and coaches participated in the second annual Colonels Charity Challenge to benefit the Children's Miracle Network and the Gift of Life donor program. The Colonels Charity Challenge featured Senior biology major Abigail Redmond was one of 41 students to present research at the Pennsylvania Academy of Sciences' annual meeting earlier this year. nine endurance and strength events, including a sand bag challenge. 800-yard run, 200-yard dash, tire throw, kettlebell throw, tire flip, farmers walk, obstacle relay, and a team van or shuttle pull. The event helped to raise more than $3,000 for the charities. Field hockey player Devon McKay prepares to lot Oo during the tire throw competition. 9 �covERStory story Watching the World Fred Gedrich '73 is a Foreign Policy Expert and National Security Analyst _ , BY KYLE KREIDER, PH D. ■ 1 i h. iM I _ Fl I n r ► K r ■I J i i i___ Fred Gcdrcch *73 (left) and political science professor Kyle Kreider discuss world affairs and national security during a meeting in Washington, D.C. IW Y HOLE AS A PROFESSOR H W K I of political science ■ ■ makes me a keen I W ■ observer of issues affecting our global world. So it was with great pleasure that I took advantage of an opportunity to meet and interview Wilkes alumnus Fred Gedrich ’73 during a recent trip to Washington, D.C. Fred is a former U.S. Department of Defense and State Department official who is now a foreign policy expert and national security analyst. In his 28 years of government sen ice, Fred traveled throughout the United States and to U.S. missions in more than 50 countries. He has also attended UN World Summits in Monterrey, Mexico and Johannesburg. South Africa. Fred has appeared on the BBC, CNN, Fox News Channel and MSNBC and has been a guest on hundreds of radio stations throughout the country discussing U.S. relations with other countries and international organizations as well as the global war on terror. An accomplished writer, his articles have been published and used by United Press International, Le Monde, CBS News, The Miami Herald, American Enterprise Institute Magazine and National Review. He is also a contributing author to “War Footing: 10 Steps America Must Take to Prevail in the War for the Free World.” Fred splits his time working as executive vice president for MobilVox, Inc., a software engineering and wireless technology firm. For this cover story, Fred shared his informed opinions on a number of topics affecting our country’s national security and political landscape, including the war in Iraq, global terrorism, national security, freedom and democracy, and the state of our post-9/11 world. Q - Tell ns about how you moved from a Willies graduate to the State Department in the 1980s to a foreign polity analyst now? i A - After graduating from Wilkes in 1973,1 accepted a position with the Department of the Navy. I trans­ ferred to the Department of Defense in 1983 after receiving a master’s degree from Central Michigan University. At Defense, my duties included evaluating major aircraft, missile, shipbuilding and space programs. In 1987,1 moved to the U.S. State Department. My first assignment at State took me to Paris, Warsaw and Nairobi. Some other notable assignments included Beijing during the Tiananmen Square Massacre, Beirut under hostile conditions, several African countries undergoing political and economic turmoil, Haiti during the embargo, and the newly independent states in the former Soviet Union shortly after the collapse of the communist empire. Many of those experiences, as well as my strong interest in U.S. national security and foreign policy issues, opened the doors to radio and television appearances and publication in the print media after my retirement from federal service. Q — On to the hard questions. In your opinion, can the United States win the war in Iraq? A - Certainly. However, final victory will require continued patience, resolve and sacrifice by the U.S. and its allies, and the bravery and commitment of millions of Iraqis thirsting for freedom, liberty and peace after enduring decades of abuse, oppression and war under the tight-fisted rule of Saddam Hussein. Unfortunately, the quick military victory over Saddam’s regime by coalition forces has not quelled the violence in Iraq. Much of the mayhem is being perpetrated by several thousand foreign terrorists loyal to al Qaeda’s Sunni-bred terrorists Osama bin Laden and Abu Musab al Zarqawi and about 20,000 Saddam loyalists. Operating mostly in four Sunni Triangle provinces, they use asymmetric warfare tactics in contravention of Geneva conven­ tions and protocols by hiding in civilian populations, wearing civilian clothes, and deliberately targeting innocents, mostly Shi’a, for slaughter. Nonetheless, 14 of Iraq’s other provinces, possessing Iraq’s substantial oil reserves, are relatively secure and improving economically. Iraq’s three free elections last year and recent formation of a permanent, unified government representing the country’s three major groups strongly suggests the terrorists and insurgents will eventually fail. Freedom and democracy will not come easy to Iraq. Its neighbors include the terrorist states of Iran and Syria and Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. In those countries, the concept of individual liberty is disdained and conditions allow groups like al Qaeda to gestate among the populations. Q — How long will and should the U.S. military be in Iraq? A - However long the U.S. considers it to be in our national security interest. In 1998, President Clinton made it U.S. policy, by signing the Iraq Liberation Act, to depose Saddam Hussein's regime. In 2002, Congress voted overwhelm­ ingly to pass the “Joint Resolution to Authorize the use of U.S. Armed Forces Against Iraq." It chronicles Saddam’s weapons of mass Y- V 7' i While in South Africa attending the UN World Summit in Johannesburg, Gedrich traveled to a village near the Mozambique/Zimbabwc borders. destruction programs, their use, and his crimes against humanity. Both chambers of Congress recently voted to reaffirm the U.S. commitment to the Iraqi people. In the three years that have elapsed since the U.S.-led coalition forcibly removed the Hussein regime from power, Iraq has regained its sover­ eignty, held three free elections, and formed a permanent constitu­ tional government. This remarkable achievement occurred in consid­ erably less time, and with far fewer casualties for the U.S., than occurred during another era in Germany, Japan and South Korea. Thanks largely to President Truman's leadership and foresight, those three countries eventually flowered into vibrant democracies and the world is better for it. President Bush envisions the same result for Iraq. It shouldn't be over­ looked that the U.S. still has 75,000 troops in Germany, 40,000 troops in Japan, and 33,000 troops in South Korea protecting U.S. 10 11 �covERStory covERStory I rm ? Im M security interests in those geographic spheres. Leaving Iraq before the new government has a chance to take root and properly defend the country, as some American politicians arc now suggesting, would be viewed as weakness by terror groups like al Qaeda and terrorist states like Iran. Syria and North Korea. A premature departure would also put Americans, Iraqis and citizens of other countries at greater risk by ceding this resource-abundant country to enemies who would like nothing more than to turn it into a terrorist-haven and totalitarian state. Q - Has the U.S. presence in Iraq distracted us from dismantling al Qaeda and finding Osama bin Laden who is thought to be in hiding in Afghanistan? A - No. Al Qaeda reportedly has cells in more than 60 countries, including Iraq. And the group has deliberately attacked and killed innocents in the U.S. and Iraq and also in places like Bali, Beirut, Casablanca. Dar es Salaam, Istanbul, Jakarta. Jerusalem. London, Madrid, Nairobi and Riyadh. Since 9/11, the U.S., with the assistance of allies, has reportedly been able to capture or kill more than two-thirds of al Qaeda's leadership including the groups chief planner of the 9/11 attacks. Sheik Mohammed, and its leader in Iraq, the late al Zarqawi. Regarding bin Laden’s whereabouts, various intelligence reports have him hiding in Afghanistan, Iran, Pakistan or Yemen. While it is important that he be eventually brought to justice for attacks on the U.S. and other crimes against humanity, he has become increas­ ingly irrelevant to the war, mainly because it does not appear that present circumstances allow him to exercise direct command and control authority over his terrorist network. Q — Will the Iraq war remain a polarizing issue in the U.S. and allied countries? A - Yes. Having two major U.S. political parties guarantees passionate differences on war and peace decisions and constant challenges to administration policy. That is precisely how our political system works. And it sends a powerful message to friend and foe alike that our country's disagree­ ments are settled at the ballot box S-aaaas and in congressional chambers through civil discourse and the rule of law - rather than the dark places inhabited by some of the world’s most sinister forces where scores are customarily settled by bombs, bullets and terrorism. However, I do not expect the political rifts which occurred between some Free World countries over Iraq to continue. France and Germany, two major critics of the U.S.-led military intervention in Iraq, are now working closely with the U.S. to prevent the terrorist state of Iran from developing a nuclear weapons program. Q - You’ve traveled extensively to more than 50 foreign countries, two UN Summits and have been at the epicenter of many world events. Is American hatred or resentment on the rise? A - On a government-togovernment basis, I would answer the question in the affirmative. According to Freedom House - a democracy focused group co­ founded by Eleanor Roosevelt the 191 member-nations of the UN are split into two main groups: 87 free nations and 104 nations that are not. The latter group includes 45 of the most oppressive regimes and human rights abusers in the world and the six countries desig­ nated by the U.S. as terrorist states. Most UN members, including some of our putative Free World allies in Europe like France, do not like the U.S. status as Free World leader and President Bush’s stated national security strategy of defeating global terrorism by promoting and expanding global freedom and democracy and using pre-emptive force to eliminate threats to U.S. security. And they collectively show their disdain for the U.S. by collectively voting against U.S. supported positions in the general assembly about 75 percent of the time on important issues such as terrorism, arms control, and human rights. However, from the perspective of the estimated 2.3 billion people living under oppression and another billion or so living in abject poverty in developing countries, the answer is quite different. If given the chance, the vast majority of [oppressed people] would migrate to the U.S. in a nanosecond. The long lines customarily seen at overseas U.S. consulate offices offer the best proof of their feelings toward the United States. In their eyes, the U.S. is a bastion of freedom and the land of hope and opportunity. Q - Five years after the September 11th attacks, in your opinion, wliat is the current state of national security in the U.S.? A - The U.S. faces continued to destabilize the Western challenges in the global war on Hemisphere, and the growing terror and from other escalating reach of the Islamo-fascists are global security threats. Lax U.S. other worrisome U.S. national border controls and immigration security issues. law enforcement provide enticing opportunities for our nation’s sworn Q — On a lighter note, what are your enemies. Americans should be fondest memories of Wilkes? mindful that many terrorists are eager to carry-out bin Laden's A — The many discussions with infamous 1998 fatwa stating, “It is students and faculty in the the individual duty of all classroom and “The Commons." Muslims to kill The small college Americans: military environment at Wilkes and civilian.” If given the chance, sparked my intel­ Although lectual curiosity and they’ve tried, the vast majority of provided an terrorists have outstanding educa­ been unable to oppressed people would tional foundation strike the U.S. allowing me to Homeland again migrate to the U.S. in a enter the exciting primarily because universe of ideas, of changed national nanosecond. opportunities and security strategies from experiences awaiting even’ the pre-9/11 period when college graduate. terrorism was treated chiefly as a law enforcement issue. The Patriot Q - More than 600 students Act, NSA Terrorist Surveillance graduated from Wilkes this past Program, tracking terrorist May, most of whom arc trying to financing, and U.S.-led military find the keys to success. What interventions in Afghanistan and advice wouldyou give them? Iraq arc some things that have contributed in keeping the A - Be fearless in pursuing dreams homeland safe. Iran’s efforts to and changing interests and treat build nuclear weapons, North failure as a learning experience. It is Korea's nuclear weapons and longremarkable what one can accom­ range missile delivery capability, plish by stepping outside the Chinas strategic ambitions, comfort zone and exploring the economic power and military many wonderful opportunities this build-up, Castro-Chavez's attempts world has to offer. l>. I If you would like to contact Fred Gcdrich, visit his message board on the Colonel Connection at: http://commimity.wilkes.edu 13 �spoilight spoilight {e} Mentoring the Next Generation of Wilkes Students I I Why the next class of freshmen may be the most knowledgeable students to ever enter Wilkes I* *1 ENT0RING HAS ALWAYS ■ I Wilkes' e-Mentoring program is designed to give all freshmen a student-level outlet for advice both online and face-to-face. - Phillip Ruthkosky, Director of Student Development BY JULIE UEHARA I ■ g ■ been at the core of I ^^g I Wilkes University. I I This fall, Wilkes is I I building on its commitment to mentoring with the introduction of a new e-Mentoring program for incoming freshmen. “Wilkes’ e-Mentoring program is designed to give all freshmen a student-level outlet for advice both online and face-to-face," said Philip Ruthkosky, director of student development. “As the transition from high school to college often presents a difficult blend of academic, social and cultural challenges, this program is intended to help in the transition and provide a supportive environment for academic and personal growth." For their first semester at Wilkes, each new student is paired with an e-Mentor from a similar major. In May, the incoming freshmen received a personalized letter from their e-Mentor offering support and inviting them to contact them with questions or concerns prior to orientation. “This is one of the more exciting and unique elements of the program," Ruthkosky added. “Incoming freshmen will have access to students before they arrive on campus. While still in high school, they are learning from the experiences of their e-Mentors, asking questions and learning about topics that normally wouldn’t arise until they've moved on campus. “Based on the amount of infor­ mation they are receiving early on, this may be the most knowledgeable: freshman class to ever enter Wilkes,” Ruthkosky said. Capitalizing on the popularity of social networks like MySpace and Facebook, the cornerstone of the eMentoring program is the Freshman Mentoring Network, an online community designed exclusively for freshmen. The Freshman Mentoring Network is a non-intimi­ dating place for students to send confidential notes to £ their e-Mentors, post discussion topics on message boards, access academic support resources and receive tips on common first-year challenges such as time management, roommate relations and studying skills. “The e-Mentoring platform is great because it marries mentoring with an online component that today’s students are already savvy and comfortable with,” said Mark Allen, dean of students. “It sends a clear message to our new students that mentoring is part of the culture at Wilkes and they will be provided with that support right from the beginning." To help develop the e-Mentoring program, a survey was conducted last year to gather the thoughts, concerns, suggestions and experi­ ences of the then-freshman class. The survey results showed that twothirds of the students believe they would have benefited from a mentor during their freshman year. Their feedback also was used as topics on the Freshman Mentoring Network message boards about common first-year issues. Ifj With such a positive response from the student body, it was not hard to recruit mentors for the program’s inaugural semester. One of the 60 students who has been hired and trained as an e-Mentor isjenna Strzelccki, a r ■I The message boards give mentors the opportunity to share their experiences with all the freshmen in a sort of open forum. )OC^> -Jenna Strzelccki, Senior .) senior business administration major who has been using the Freshman Mentoring Network to communicate with her mentees. “We have been using the e-Mentoring network to send notes and keep each other up-to-date with college and orientation preparation infor­ mation,” she said. “I think the best feature on the network is the message boards. They give mentors the opportunity to share their experiences with all the freshmen in a sort of open forum." Anthony Troianiello, an incoming freshman and one of Strzelecki’s mentees, agrees. “The eMentoring program has been very helpful, and the online network is an easy way for me to ask questions and receive answers,” Troianiello said. “I also like the message boards. They give you a lot of helpful information that you may have not thought about.” Although the Freshman Mentoring Network is a key component to the e-Mentoring program, interaction is more than virtual. The e-Mentors also are the orientation leaders, which means The e-Mentoring platform marries mentoring with an online component that today's students arc already savvy and comfortable with. - Mark Allen, Dean of Students I thought this was a great opportunity for new freshmen that might have trouble adjusting to college life. - Valerie Martinez, Sophomore they will meet and get to know their mentees during the two-day freshman orientation in which they will participate in several team building activities and community service together. Throughout the remainder of the semester, mentors and mentees are encouraged to keep in touch both online and face-toface as well as participate in events scheduled through the university. Another Wilkes c-Mcntor is Valerie Martinez, a sophomore political science and communication studies double major. Her decision to become an e-Mentor had much to do with her experiences and the support she received during her freshman year. “When 1 first came to Wilkes, 1 was overwhelmed with trying to adjust my schedule so that I could participate in all the activities I wanted, and 1 also felt guilty for leaving my family, especially my mother,’’ she explained. “At my orientation, 1 had a wonderful orien­ tation leader who not only made me feel welcome but became a good friend. 1 was also lucky to have an RA (resident assistant) who was there for me my first semester and helped me meet people and adjust to the culture of Wilkes. "Because of my experiences, 1 thought this was a great opportunity to be there for new freshmen that might also have some trouble adjusting, not only to the college life, but the people and the transition process that one must go through.’’ I1.1 15 �Wilkes Borre. PA. Jim spcyrlight Pu,chMe.d jewelers after graduating from VVilkes College Lost & Found ...... '67 Graduate Reunites With His Class Ring...Twice BY EMILY VINCENT Deposit, NY: Where Jim Mason / taught and I lived when \ the ring was \ Syracuse, NY: Where the ring was found the first time in j the early 70 s. Once I Mason was located. I the nng was sent back' lost., both times' to him in Deposit Deposit. NY: One Ring her back with it. I found the initials Syracuse and didn’t realize that I lost the The call was from Donna Fricker, a matched up with Jim Mason’s ring,” Mason said. “1 didn’t wear it all former student and advisee of Masons information and advised lhe woman to the time. I knew that it was misplaced, while he taught at Deposit Central send lhe ring to me as I would be more but I didn’t think it was in SyTacuse.” School in Deposit, N.Y. than happy to distribute to Jim.” “When Donna called me, I thought When the village office learned that Mason responded to lhe letter, stating that the stone is blue. With the it was time for a class reunion,” Mason the ring’s owner was Mason, Fricker matched description, the ring was said. “Instead, she was calling to tell decided to contact him directly and promptly returned to Mason. me that my college class ring was notify him of lhe discovery in Deposit. Number coincidences also seem found in the sewer system in Deposit. I “He just laughed when 1 called him,” Four-ever His? teacher and still tutors students. to occur in his life. Mason was at a didn’t even know that the ring was lost Fricker said. Coincidentally, Mason To this day, Mason does not know He likes to read books on mathematics. He has incorporated restaurant near Allentown, Pa., in the first place.” Mason purchased the ring from was going to be in town that weekend, how the ring ended up in the Deposit where a waitress told him about her and a village trustee presented the ring sewer system. Wilkes (College) with a degree in mathematical patterns into the boyfriend who was born in 1986. Bartikowsky Jewelers in Wilkes-Barre back to Mason. mathematics. The retired math masonry’ and carpentry of his When the check arrived, it was for after graduating from Wilkes. He moved to Deposit for a teaching position. HE PHRASE “ONCE INA lifetime' does not apply to Jim “Bimmie” Mason, a 1967 graduate of He worked for 30 years as a math teacher who now lives in Jim house, including a tribute to the $19.86. A few days later, Mason Thorpe. Pa., has a fascination with square root of two and a hidden received a phone call from a former numbers, and the numbers have binary' code of 2000 to mark the student who graduated in 1986. been good to him. millennium year. Mason laughed at the coincidence. “I have a theory' that my ex­ girlfriend was mad at me and flushed it Two Losses down the toilet,” he joked. “It’s still a Reporter Deborah Stcver of the Deposit mystery because she doesn’t remember dating a teacher from a nearby school Courier, the local weekly newspaper, ever having the ring.” who lived in Deposit in the early' heard about the found class ring. Like 1970s. When the two broke up in Fricker, Stever is a former student of the alumni office, Weeks said this type Mason explained that he began Based on her experience working in 1975, Mason said the ex-girlfriend Mason’s. She witnessed the ring being of thing has not happened before and asked him if she could keep his class returned to Mason, interviewed him that Masons story' is quite unique. ring for sentimental reasons. He and wrote a story for the paper. “Although 1 hear that schools have agreed, and that was the last he saw of the ring...or so he thought. Thirty-one y'ears later, Mason’s class “It was a real fun story to cover,” she said. “It was more fun because I knew him and hadn’t seen him in a long it is not common at Wilkes,” she said. When asked what Mason should do lime. Its one of those stories that you with the ring now, everyone agreed system. Workers from the villages laugh the whole lime you’re writing it. that he should keep it in a safe place. Department of Public Works were It has a happy ending.” And the year that Stever graduated system line when worker John from Deposit Central School? 1975 - Romanofski discovered lhe gold ring. the same year that Mason lost the ring. He brought it back to the village office where Fricker works. Fricker and a co-worker examined the From interviewing Mason for the story, she learned that this is not the first time that Mason has lost his college class “He should write a note about the ring and pass it along to one of his nephews,” Fricker suggested. Stever said Mason should definitely' not give it away again. “I’m not sure how many lives this ring will have,” she said. The experience of losing his class ring, which was in good shape, noticing ring. In 1971, Mason received a letter ring - both times - has made the ring Wilkes College and 1967 appearing on from Syracuse, N.Y., slating that a Wilkes mean more to Mason than before. “It is the outside of the ring and the initials College class ring had been found. more of a memento to me now,” he JMM engraved on the inside. The co­ explained. “The ring tics me back worker e-mailed Wilkes University' to let Three ABumni more to my earlier days at Wilkes. them know that a class ring was found. The sender of the letter contacted That is where it all began - where Wilkes, and the college was able to decisions were made and where 1 University’s Alumni Office received the narrow the list of possible alumni decided what to do with my life. e-mail. “1 received an e-mail from a down to three people. If the rightful woman stating she had found a Wilkes class ring with initials on it and a class owner could correctly identify the away or lose the ring again, but if he color of the stone in the ring, it would does, the numbers are on his side that year," Weeks explained. “She asked if 1 be returned to him. it will be returned to him. After all, the Nancy Weeks from Wilkes could look up the information and call I this sort of thing happen on occasion, ring turned up in the Deposit sewer repairing and cleaning the sewer I I “1 had attended a math conference in Odds are slim that Mason will give third lime is a charm.IDI Il you would like to contact Jim Mason, visit his message board on the Colonel Connection at: http://community.wilkcs.edu 17 �dAssnotes cLAssnotes 1955 Doris J. Merrill is a World War II veteran residing in Nanticoke. Pa. 1959 Alan Balcomb Sr. was inducted into the South Brunswick High School Hall of Fame in South Brunswick, N.J.. as the schools most successful boys' basketball coach. He led the team to its only state championship in 1968 and won more than 300 games in his career. Alan also was a part-time assistant coach for five years to Pete Carrill, mens basketball coach at Princeton University. He has retired from teaching and coaching. His daughter, Melanie, is now the head womens basketball coach at Vanderbilt University in Tennessee. 1960 Clifford Kobland, Ph.D., is a professor of communication studies at the State University of New York at Oswego. He has been married to his wife, Barbara, for 46 years. The couple has four grandchildren. 1970 1966 Richard Bucko, Ed.D., is a recently retired principal from the Moorestown Township Public Schools in Ncwjersey. He now teaches for Fairleigh Dickinson University and manages his educa­ tional consulting business. He lives in Medford. N.J., with his wife, Marilyn. 1967 Barry M. Miller just completed his term as president of the National Association of Exclusive Buyer Agents. One of the highlights of his year in office was the lengthy interview with Consumers Union and the front cover article inclusion in the May 2005 issue of Consumer Reports. Barry's company. Buyers Only America Realty, has just opened its investor buyer division. He resides in Denver, Colo., with his wife, Margie, and their children, Lisa and Katie. 1961 1968 Benjamin J. Matteo has been in the public accounting practice for more than 47 years, in addition to his involvement with various civic and charitable organizations. He instituted a holiday food basket distribution program that is still in operation. Matteo and his wife, Josephine, have been married for 54 years. Lee M. Philo is a veterinary service officer with 33 years of military service. He is assigned to the 109th Medical Detachment in Stanton, Calif. In 1972, he earned his doctorate in veterinary' medicine from the University of Pennsylvania, and in 1986, he earned a second doctorate from the University of Alaska Fairbanks. David M. Boguslto is retiring this year after 32 years with the Hartford County Public Schools in Maryland. He resides in Bel Air, Md., with his wife of 33 years, JoAnne, a special education teacher. 1971 John Jack Flynn is a freelance writer/editor in Fairfax, Va. His business, JJF Productions, offers speechwriting and other creative writing services. He retired in 2003 as senior writer/editor for the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development in Washington, D.C., after more than 30 years of federal and military service. Dr. William J. Reese is a professor of history and educational policy studies at the University of Wisconsin-Madison, where he received his Ph.D. He is the author of America’s Public Schools: From the Common School to No Child Left Behind (Thejohns Hopkins University Press 2005). His other books include Hoosier Schools, Past and Present (1998), The Origins of the American High School (1995) and The Social Histoiy ofAmerican Education (1988). 1974 1977 Debbie Dunleavy is the marketing director for First Liberty Bank & Trust in Scranton, Pa. A former WYOU-TV Channel 22 anchor for nearly 20 years, she won the station’s first-ever Emmy for a series on breast cancer. Demetrius Fannick was the leading defense attorney for Hugo Selenski in one of the most high-profile murder cases in recent Luzerne County history. He resides in Dallas Township, Pa., with his wife, Mary Ann, and their daughter, Maggie. 1975 1978 Caiy Kratz is a supervisor of the construction services department at PG Energy in Wilkes-Barre. He resides in Forty-Fort, Pa., with his wife, Kristen. Cynthia Glawe Maillottx, Ph.D., RN, is the chair of the nursing department at College Misericordia in Dallas, Pa. She resides in Mountain Top, Pa., with her husband, Peter, and two children, Bradley and Clifford. I I Joseph Ishley resides in Macon, Ga., with his wife, Elizabeth, and their son, Joseph. 1973 Louise Ann Beebe was promoted to senior medical program clinical specialist in April 2006. She is involved in managing clinical research trials for a major pharma­ ceutical company. She and her husband, Richard Thornton, look forward to celebrating their 25th wedding anniversary in September. Joseph Grilli is the director of corporate outreach/new initiatives at College Misericordia in Dallas, Pa. He resides in Jenkins Township, Pa., with his wife, Lisa, and two children. 19 �CLAssnotes CLA=?notes upclose: Ellen K. (duFossc) Wcngcn owns a Curves fitness center franchise in Northeastern Pennsylvania. She is involved with the Lupus Foundation of Edward Mollahan '81 Ec '.G'snan I (" "f ‘ the 2006 Advisory and I J Leadership . Council on I Pennsylvania, participating in numerous fund-raising events. She resides in Lake Wrnola. Pa., with her husband. Paul 79. who is the president of a division of L-3 Communications, Space and Navigations. 1979 ‘ Employee Welfare and Pension Benefit Plans by U.S. Secretary of Labor Elaine L Chao.The council’s role is to review, research and recommend policy to the Department of Labor. Mollahan is a senior vice president at JPMorgan, where he is responsible for new applications, new business development, client management, and consultant programs in the corporate and public pension segment Mo! ahan joined JPMorgan in 1982 and has he’d various positions in the pension area, including performance Gan- R. Blockus is a sports writer for The Morning Call newspaper in Allentown. Pa. He was named Print Journalist of the Year for 2006 by the National Wrestling Media Association. He began covering wrestling, both on the radio and in the newspaper, while attending Wilkes. In addition to high school and college wrestling. Blockus has covered international wrestling, including the 1996 and 2004 Olvmpic Games. He resides in Laurys Station. Pa., with his wife, Lois, and their children. Jared and Marissa. measurement, accounting and client services. He has served in his current position since 2001. He is a Chartered Pension investment Professional and is affiliated with several industry associa­ tions, including the International Securities Dealers Association USDA., the International Foundation of Employee Benefit Plans FEBP/, the John Koze was recently elected vice president of membership for the Orange County Chapter of the American Society of Training and Development in California. He is a leadership and training consultant to Fortune 500 businesses. Koze is a former resident of Ashley, Pa. American Bankers Association ABA and the Pri vate Equity Industry Guidelines Group (PEIGGj. In addition to receiving a bachelor's degree in business administration from //hires University, Mo: a han has attended the Executi /e Education Program at the Wharton Schoo) of me University of Pennsylvania. He resides in Ando /er, N.J. 20 1980 Bob Gaetano has been an art teacher at Crestwood High School in Mountain Top. Pa„ for 24 years. He is a member of the Plein Air Painters, artists known for painting outdoors. His work has been exhibited from southern Vermont to New Hope, Pa. James T. Martin was recently selected for the Leadership Wilkes Barre class of 2007. He is presently a cardiovascular sonographer with the Wyoming Valley Health Care System. He has been with the system for 24 years. He resides in FortyFort, Pa., with his wife Donna, and their children, James and Kaitlyn. Susan (Isaacs) Shapiro is employed as a learning disabilities coordinator at the University of Pennsylvania. She was recently appointed to the board of trustees of the Academy in Manayunk, a school for children with learning disabilities that begins its first academic year in September 2006. She resides with her husband, Amiram, and their children, Ben and Ron, in Gladwyne, Pa. Italia (Wells) Davies resides in Nassau, Bahamas, with her husband, Fr. Stephen E. R. Davies, and their children, Bryant, Stephen and Simone. She works as the deputy director for the Anglican Central Education Authority in Nassau and surrounding islands. 1981 Mark I. Himelstein has published Solace, a book of poetry. He earned his master's degree in computer science from the University of California at Davis/Livermore. He holds four patents and has published a number of technical papers. He is currently the president and CEO of Heavenstone, Inc., a software development and management consulting firm. Hc resides in Saratoga, Calif., with his 1982 1990 Tony Vlahovic is president and founder of Momentum Fitness in Princeton, N.J. After overcoming cancer at age 14, pitching for the Boston Red Sox for four years and ultimately losing the use of his left leg due to a car accident, he opened the fitness center in 1998 to help post-rehab patients as well as to train athletes and help average citizens get into shape. A cancer wellness program is another feature of the center, available free of charge to patients and survivors. Amy Dominica (Adamczyk) Taylor is employed as a marketing and special events director at Frost Brown Todd LLC in Louisville, Ky. She resides in Louisville with her husband, Gregory Lawrence Taylor, Esq. 1983 Thomas George Urosevich is an associate in optometry for the Geisinger Medical Group in Mount Pocono, Pa. 1985 Jeffrey K. Box has been named president and CEO of the Northeastern Pennsylvania Alliance, a regional community and economic development organization located in Pittston, Pa. 1988 Gary Jack Taylor is employed by RCN as a senior LAN administrator. He resides in Dallas, Pa., with his wife, Elizabeth. unclose, Robert A. Bruggeworth '83 Bob Bruggeworth is President and CEO Sue (Auch-Schwelk) Boyer is employed by the Boyer Insurance Agency in Conyngham, Pa. She resides in Sugarloaf, Pa., with her husband, Don, and their son, Steven. of RF Micro Devices (Nasdaq: RFMD), a Greensboro, NC- x based global leader in the design and manufacture of high-performance radio Rob Johansen is employed as an actor at the Indiana Repertory Theatre. He resides in Indianapolis with his wife, Jennifer. systems and solutions for mobile commu­ nications applications. Since joining RF Micro Devices in 1999, Bob was the Vice President ofWireless Products. Bob was appointed President in June 2002 and 1991 Robert Charles Celia is employed bv BioHorizons in Birmingham. Ala., as a northeast regional manager of sales. He resides with his wife, Maureen Anne (Rogers) Celia, in Conshohocken, Pa. Thomas J. Obrzut Jr. was named one of the Lehigh Valley's top 20 business leaders under 40 by the Eastern Pennsylvania Business Journal. He is the owner/publisher of Pulse Weekly, a weekly arts and entertainment paper based in Allentown, Pa. 1989 1992 Flank Castano is the director of Luzerne County Children and Youth and the wrestling coach at GAR Memorial High School in Wilkes-Barre. Brian DcAngclo has been employed by the New Jersey State Police as a state trooper for 12 years. He resides in Upper Freehold Township, N.J., with his wife, Brandi, and their children, McKinley and Rylee. CEO in January 2003. Throughout his career, Bruggeworth has succeeded in building and expanding electronic businesses in the U.S. and Asia. RF Micro Devices’ revenue has more than doubled since Bob was appointed CEO and RF Micro Devices is quickly approaching S1 billion in annualized sales. Before joining RFMD, he worked for more than 10 years with AMP Inc., now a division ofTyco Electronics, ascending the corporate ladder from product engineer to divisional vice president in overseas offices. Founded in 1991, RFMD has become the leading provider of cellular power ampli­ fiers, which are the semi-conductor com­ ponents that transmit your conversations, via cellular frequencies, from your cell phone to nearby cell towers. daughter, Sammi. 21 �CLAssnotes CLASsnotes Diana Kantor has adopted two children with her husband, Scott. upclose: GinaTaylor is the head of acquisitions for small business customers for Mamin J. Michaels was elected a : principal by Baker & • McKenzie i International, a ___ I Swiss Verein, where he specializes in international taxation. He isis chairman of the European Regional Private Banking Steering Committee. Michaels authored a treatise (Thomson Publishing) on U.S. withholding tax. He also has been elected to the board of trustees of the Zurich International School, one of the largest international schools in the world. He resides in Zurich, Switzerland, where he has lived for the last eight years. _ KMT GinaTaylor'94 n® ’ OPEN, the Small Business Network of American . ,X.J Express. With a team of approximately 50 individuals,Taylor is responsible for leading the acquisition strategy and ensuring that OPEN wins with small business customers. In one of her earlier roles, she worked directly for the chief credit officer of the U.S. business on a number of initiatives including creating and launching a "new" risk training cur­ riculum that is still used today to train over 1,300 risk and information manage­ ment employees as well as another several thousand business partners. She then was then promoted to vice president in risk management and was responsible for launching a Julie Orloski is a fund development director for a local chapter of Girl Scouts of America. She resides in Tunkhannock, Pa., with her husband. Bob, and two daughters, Karen and Sarah. 1993 MaryAnn (Kasko) Lugiano received her master’s degree in education in 2001. She resides in Jackson Township, Pa., with her husband, Robert Jr., ’92 and their sons, Bobby and Michael. She has worked as a K-8 general music teacher at thejim Thorpe Area School District for 10 years. Robert also is a music teacher of 10 years, teaching grades 6-8 at the Wyoming Seminar)' Lower School. Tsukasa Waltich is an adjunct professor of fine arts at College Misericordia in Dallas, Pa. She has a master’s degree from the State University of New York at Binghamton. 1994 Steven S. Endres, RE., is a national accounts manager for Novozymes Biologicals Inc. He and his wife, Gina, recently welcomed a new addition to their family: a son, Gabriel Steven Endres. Steve resides in Vineland, N.J., with his wife, son and two daughters, Taylor and Carly. new customer management strategy, which is now used in the U.S. and approximately 26 markets around the world. She also launched the first phase of a global customer experience initiative which will enable automated service across all key markets and through all key channels such as the internet and customer service. Terrie Lynn Schoonover is the owner of Schoonover Accounting and Tax Sendee, She has 23 years of accounting experience. She resides in Asylum Township in Bradford County, Pa., with her husband, Ralph, two children and three stepchildren. Taylor received her MBA from Drexel University, where she lectured in micro economics as a graduate assistant. Upon the completion of her MBA, she joined Signet Bank in Richmond, Va. as an analyst. She was recruited by hi the headquarters office of American Express in New York City in 1997. Thomas T. Whittman, Jr. works for his own construction company, Whittman Construction, in the Philadclphia/South Jersey region. He resides in Marlton, N.J. Nancy (Stanislaw) Crake is employed by JPMorgan Chase as a senior recruiter. Her husband, David ’94, is the director of bank opera­ tions for Barclaycard U.S. They reside in Newark, Del. Becky Fox recently opened a general dentistry practice in Cumberland County, Pa. A member of the American Association of Women Dentists, she recently obtained her fellowship with the Academy of General Dentistry and certification with the Academy of Laser Dentistry. Jennifer Heinzerling resides in Landing, NJ. Amy Lynch-Biniek is an adjunct English professor at College Misericordia in Dallas, Pa. She is working toward a doctorate in composition at Indiana University of Pennsylvania. She resides in Plains Township, Pa. Robert P. Michaels was recently promoted to chief operating officer al the Institute for Human Resources and Services, Inc. He recently completed his MBA degree at Wilkes University. Katherine Zoka received a master's degree in education at Wilkes in 1997 and is employed by the Wilkes-Barre Area School District as a mathematics teacher al GAR Memorial High School. 1995 Edward J. Ciarimboli was recently named a Pennsylvania Rising Star in the 2005 listing of Super Lawyers published in Philadelphia Magazine. 1997 Ann Blasick recently accepted a job at the Georgia Institute of Technology as an assistant director in the division of professional practice, where she will help engineering students find co-op positions. She resides in Atlanta. Christie (Meyers) and Paul J. Patera '94 celebrated their 10th wedding anniversary on May 17. Paul is a teacher at Wyoming Valley West High School in Plymouth, Pa. Christie is a teacher at Dallas Middle School in Dallas, Pa. Christie also recently received her certification as a supervisor of curriculum and instruction following the completion of a master’s degree in education at College Misericordia. They have a son, William Ronald Potera. i 1996 Robert G. Watkins served in Iraq with the 365th Engineering Battalion. Detachment 4, an Army Reserves unit based in Scranton, Pa. He resides in Laflin, Pa., with his wife, Melissa, and three children. Jake and Sheila (Bubba) Cole were married in 2001 and live in Nazareth, Pa. They have a son, Jacob, who is two years old. The couple recently had a daughter, Sophia, on April 4, 2006. Jake is the director of construction for ESA Environmental Specialists, Inc. in Bethlehem, Pa. Sheila is a fourth grade teacher in Phillipsburg, NJ. I ' / t t<■ • I- r »•$ ta A / She resides in Mount Joy, Pa. 22 David Allen Hines was recently appointed acting deputy director for budget administration within the department of budget and planning, office of the chief financial officer of the government of the District of Columbia in Washington, D.C. / _ ________________ iI �dAssnotes 1998 Michael Barrault was recently named assistant vice president at PNC Bank in Wilkes-Barre. He also received his MBA from Wilkes University. Kerri (Gosling) Fasulo is the acqui­ sitions marketing manager for Empire Blue Cross Blue Shield. She resides in Pleasant Valley, N.Y., with her husband, Justin ’96. Kristi Lynn (Fchlingcr) Layland is employed by SERVPRO of central Luzerne County, Pa., as a sales and service manager. She resides in Exeter. Pa., with her husband, Marc. Jason F. Poplaski concentrates his legal practice in general litigation with Stevens & Lee Professional Corp. He was an assistant public defender for Lycoming County in Pennsylvania. He also has served as a law clerk for the Honorable Margherita Patti Worthington of the Monroe County Court of Common Pleas and Mark A. Ciavarella, Jr. of the Luzeme County Court of Common Pleas. Lynn (Maguschak) Shymanski was named Wilkes University’s Outstanding Adult Learner for 2006. She is employed full-time as a certified medical technologist at Wilkes-Barre General Hospital. She returned to Wilkes to pursue a degree in mathematics. Lynn and her husband, Paul, reside in FortyFort, Pa„ with their son, Aiden. They are expecting a second child in November. cLAssnotes Toni Ann (Stcinson) Loftus is a registered nurse with the U.S. Army Reserves. She resides in Mountain Top, Pa., with her husband. Paul Anthony. Christine (Gaydos) Vcith works in housing and residence life at Seton Hall University in South Orange, NJ. She resides in South Orange with her husband, Scott, and their son.jackjoseph. MariJo Watchilla-Thomas is employed as an engineering lab manager for Midiantic Engineering, Inc. in Pittston Township, Pa. She resides in Taylor, Pa. with her husband, Christopher Thomas. 1999 Lisa Johnson-Ford obtained her masters degree from the University of Massachusetts in 2004. A board certified adult acute care nurse practitioner, she practices at a gastroenterology clinic. She resides with her husband, William Ford, M.D., in Skippack, Pa. Kimberly (Kutch) Augustine is employed as a training manager at Sanofi Pasteur. She resides in Olyphant, Pa., with her husband, Christopher. Margaret Redmond is an assistant director of emergency services for the Wyoming Valley Healthcare System, where she oversees operations in a 25-bed emergency department. She resides in Dallas, Pa. Laura (Chowanec) Ruthoski is employed as an operations repre­ sentative for Prudential Insurance. She resides in Scranton, Pa., with her husband, Bob, and their son, Brady Robert. Tracy Zaykoski-Kayhanfar is employed as a manager of environ­ mental technology for Sanofi Pasteur in Swiftwater, Pa. She resides in Nanticoke, Pa. with her husband, Andrew. Heath Ncidercr has been employed as a finance assistant and community relations representative for C-SPAN and is now a marketing representative for the network. He travels to high schools around the country to show students and Michael Miller served in the U.S. Army from 1993 to 1996. He is employed by Wells Fargo as a loan officer. He resides in West Pittston, Pa., with his wife, Renee Majeski M’01. remembering: Dr. Charles B. Reif 79 passed away on April - s 93. A native of Hi 99 earned his doctorate WILKES UNIVERSITY 41 and joined the 11942, where he essor of biology and 5 first chairperson, 2000 James L. Caffrey is a facility engineer at the Wilkes-Barre VA Medical Center and a certified health care facility manager through the American Hospital Association. He received his MBA from Wilkes and also is an adjunct professor in the architectural engineering program at Luzerne County Community College. He resides in Hughestown, Pa., with his wife, Stephanie, and their two children, Jimmy and Meghan. t at Wilkes until his Name:____ '9, with the exception r of duty in the South Class year:. l.s. Navy in 1944 and E-mail: In hopes of increasing die attendance of our alumni and friends on Homecoming Weekend, we’re putting together class committees. If you would like to help network with your classmates to get the class “out,” please let us know how you will help. 'ried to Carolyn Lee Phone Number:. rears. Following / uvuld like to help os: Class Committee Chair Class Committee Member Class Gift Committee Member le married Dorothy I.They spent the last tsota. d a diverse range ts, largely centered he ecology of lakes, ■ften involved 1 students and were published in Amy Drobish is a social research associate in breast cancer research at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. She resides in Raleigh, N.C. Bryan Glahn and his wife, Jennifer Klaips ’02, are employed as teachers in the Northwest Area School District in Pennsylvania. Charles John Medico is employed as a critical care pharmacist with Geisinger Medical Center in Danville, Pa. He resides with his wife, Amory Jane, in Mountain Top, Pa. nals such as the Mu Delta honor society. She is employed as the manager of direct marketing and advertising with ERA Franchise Systems, Inc. ____ coach at Bishop Hoban High School, both in Wilkes-Barre. She resides with her husband, Louis Patrick Lyons, in Wilkes-Barre. < icbiiwater Ecology and the Journal of the Pennsylvania Academy of Science. An ardent painter of nature scenes, Dr. Reif displayed his work at the Sordoni Art Gallery, the Hoyt Library, Jamie B. Howell, Pharnt.D., was married to Vito Forlenza on Sept. 24, 2005. Jamie earned a master’s degree in health policy from the University of the Sciences in Philadelphia. She works at a pharmaceutical company in New Jersey. Melinda Ann (Rushkowski) Heffron is working toward her master’s degree in reading at King’s College and has received her English as a Second Language (ESL) Certification. She is employed by the Luzerne Intermediate Unit 18 as an elementary ESL teacher. She resides in Wilkes-Barre with her husband, Gregory. and with the Wyoming Valley Art League. At Wilkes, he and his students established the Charles B. Reif Scholarship Fund. He established the Charles Reif Undergraduate Research Endowment for the Pennsylvania Academy of Science and the Raymond Lindeman Award for the American Society for Linmnology and Oceanography. Many of Dr. Reif's former students have achieved success in medicine and academia. �CLAssnotes cLASsnotes 1998 Michael Banouk was recently named assistant vice president at PNC Bank in Wilkes-Barre. He also received his MBA from Wilkes University. Kerri (Gosling) Fasulo is the acqui­ sitions marketing manager for Empire Blue Cross Blue Shield. She resides in Pleasant Valley. N.Y., with her husband. Justin '96. Kristi Lynn (Fchlingcr) Layland is employed by SERVPRO of central Luzerne County, Pa., as a sales and service manager. She resides in Exeter, Pa., with her husband, Marc. Jason E Poplaski concentrates his legal practice in general litigation with Stevens & Lee Professional Corp. He was an assistant public defender for Lycoming County in Pennsylvania. He also has served as a law clerk for the Honorable Margherita Patti Worthington of the Monroe County Court of Common Pleas and Mark A. Ciavarella, Jr. of the Luzerne County Court of Common Pleas. Lynn (Maguschak) Shymanski was named Wilkes University’s Outstanding Adult Learner for 2006. She is employed full-time as a certified medical technologist at Wilkes-Barre General Hospital. She returned to Wilkes to pursue a degree in mathematics. Lynn and her husband, Paul, reside in FortyFort, Pa., with their son, Aiden. They are expecting a second child in November. Toni Ann (S(einson) Loftus is a registered nurse with the U.S. Army Reserves. She resides in Mountain Top, Pa., with her husband. Paul Anthony. Christine (Gaydos)Vcith works in housing and residence life at Seton Hall University in South Orange, N.J. She resides in South Orange with her husband, Scott, and their son. Jack Joseph. Mari Jo Watchilla-Thomas is employed as an engineering lab manager for Midiantic Engineering, Inc. in Pittston Township, Pa. She resides in Taylor, Pa. with her husband. Christopher Thomas. 1999 Lisa Johnson-Ford obtained her masters degree from the University of Massachusetts in 2004. A board certified adult acute care nurse practitioner, she practices at a gastroenterology clinic. She resides with her husband, William Ford, M.D., in Skippack, Pa. Kimberly (Kutch) Augustine is employed as a training manager at Sanofi Pasteur. She resides in Olyphant, Pa., with her husband, Christopher. Margaret Redmond is an assistant director of emergency services for the Wyoming Valley Healthcare System, where she oversees operations in a 25-bed emergency department. She resides in Dallas, Pa. Laura (Chowancc) Rutkoski is employed as an operations repre­ sentative for Prudential Insurance. She resides in Scranton, Pa., with her husband, Bob, and their son, Brady Robert. Tracy Zaykoski-Kayhanfar is employed as a manager of environ­ mental technology for Sanofi Pasteur in Swiftwater, Pa. She resides in Nanticoke, Pa. with her husband, Andrew. 2000 James L. Caffrey is a facility engineer at the Wilkes-Barre VA Medical Center and a certified health care facility manager through the American Hospital Association. He received his MBA from Wilkes and also is an adjunct professor in the architectural engineering program at Luzerne County Community College. He resides in Hughestown, Pa., with his wife, Stephanie, and their two children, Jimmy and Meghan. Amy Drobish is a social research associate in breast cancer research at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. She resides in Raleigh, N.C. Bryan Glahn and his wife, Jennifer Klaips ’02, are employed as teachers in the Northwest Area School District in Pennsylvania. Charles John Medico is employed as a critical care pharmacist with Geisinger Medical Center in Danville, Pa. He resides with his wife, Amory Jane, in Mountain Top, Pa. Heath Neiderer has been employed as a finance assistant and community relations representative for C-SPAN and is now a marketing representative for the network. He travels to high schools around the country to show students and teachers how to use C-SPAN as a learning tool in the classroom. Jennifer (Kovacs) Peckally and Michael Peckally welcomed their first child, Olivia Michele, on March 20, 2006. Jennifer is a third-grade teacher at Our Lady of Good Counsel in Southampton, Pa., and Michael is an assistant principal at Franklin Towne Charter High School in Philadelphia. Michael is finishing his master's in educational leadership at Neumann College. They reside in Newportville, Pa. 2001 Edward T. Bednarz III resides in Havre de Grace, Md., with his wife, Jennifer, and their son, Edward IV. Katie (Pearson) Desiderio graduated from Wilkes University’s MBA program as a member of the Delta Mu Delta honor society. She is employed as the manager of direct marketing and advertising with ERA Franchise Systems, Inc. Jamie B. Howell, Phann.D., was married to Vito Forlenza on Sept. 24, 2005. Jamie earned a master’s degree in health policy from the University of the Sciences in Philadelphia. She works at a pharmaceutical company in New Jersey. Michael Miller served in the U.S. Army from 1993 to 1996. He is employed by Wells Fargo as a Ioan officer. He resides in West Pittston, Pa., with his wife, Renee Majeski M’01. Lisa Ruggiero is an interpreter/claims processor for the Social Security Administration. She resides in Hazleton, Pa. remembering: Dr. Charles B. Reif 79 Dr. Charles Reif passed away on April 19, 2006. He was 93. A native of Minnesota, Reif earned his doctorate in zoology in 1941 and joined the Wilkes faculty in 1942, where he served as a professor of biology and John Williams is employed as a laboratory supervisor for Siberline Manufacturing Co., Inc., a global supplier of effect pigments. Williams has been with Siberline since 2001 and resides in New Philadelphia, Pa. the department's first chairperson. Dr. Reif taught at Wilkes until his retirement in 1979, with the exception of a two-year tour of duty in the South Pacific with the U.S. Navy in 1944 and 1945. He was married to Carolyn Lee Hoffa Reif for 46 years. Following JoAnnc Zurich was recently pro­ moted to vice president, operations officer at Landmark Community Bank. She resides in Scranton, Pa. 2002 Aliccia Yvonne (Fink) Lyons is employed as an English teacher, graduation project advisor and drama advisor at Coughlin High School and assistant varsity softball coach at Bishop Hoban High School, both in Wilkes-Barre. She resides with her husband, Louis Patrick Lyons, in Wilkes-Barre. Carolyn's death, he married Dorothy Towne Schlichting.They spent the last six years in Minnesota. Dr. Reif pursued a diverse range of research projects, largely centered on his interest in the ecology of lakes. His works, which often involved collaborations with students and fellow professors, were published in peer-reviewed journals such as the Journal of Freshwater Ecology and the Journal of the Pennsylvania Academy of Science. An ardent painter of nature scenes, Dr. Reif displayed his work at the Sordoni Art Gallery, the Hoyt Library, Melinda Ann (Rushkowski) Hcjfron is working toward her master's degree in reading at King's College and has received her English as a Second Language (ESL) Certification. She is employed by the Luzerne Intermediate Unit 18 as an elementary ESL teacher. She resides in Wilkes-Barre with her husband, Gregory. and with the Wyoming Valley Art League. At Wilkes, he and his students established the Charles B. Reif Scholarship Fund. He established the Charles Reif Undergraduate Research Endowment for the Pennsylvania Academy of Science and the Raymond Lindeman Award for the American Society for Linmnology and Oceanography. Many of Dr. Reif's former students have achieved success in medicine and academia. 25 �claf-notes dAssnotes remembering: Sylvia S. Savitz '98 Sara Zuchowshi is a physician assistant at the Elkland Laurel Health Center in Elkland, Pa. She earned a masters of health science degree from Lock Haven University, where she was inducted into Pi Alpha, the national honor society for physician assistants. Sylvia Savitz died May 5, 2006, in Bal Harbour, Fla., with her family at her bedside. She was preceded in death 2003 by her husband, Abe Savitz. While raising three children, Savitz attended Wilkes College periodically. She spent the summer of 1998 in residence at Wilkes University, completing her Del Lucent recently lectured at a conference at Wilkes University. He is currently on a research fellowship at Stanford University. education as the oldest living graduate at the age of 83.Two years later, she received her master's degree from the University of Miami. She and her family established a student scholarship, which is presented annually to a student of exemplary character who is in Sherri Molctrcss is the assistant principal at Wind Gap Middle School in Pennsylvania. She also is at seventh- and eighth-grade social studies teacher at Oley Valley Elementary School in Berks County, where she has worked for 10 years. financial need, and the Abe & Sylvia Savitz & Family Leadership Development Center at Wilkes University. Located on the second floor of the Henry Student Center, the lounge is intended for use by all members of the Wilkes community, particularly for meetings and small gatherings of any organization or informal group on the Wilkes campus. A native of Wilkes-Barre, she and Erin Schultz married Aaron J. Moreck '03 in August 2005. Erin is employed as an English teacher in the Dallas School District and is pursuing a masters degree in education at Wilkes University. Aaron is employed as a network engineer at Lightspeed Technologies. The couple resides in Forty-Fort, Pa., with their dog, Nikko. her late husband lived on Riverside Drive for many years prior to their move to Florida. 2004 Leann Dawn Benkowski was recently married to Jason David Stettler. She is employed by the Children’s Sen-ice Center of Wyoming Valley Inc. She resides with her husband in Kingston, Pa. Sarah M. Bogusho graduated from the University of Delaware this past May with a master’s degree in student affairs practice in higher education. She has accepted a position in the residential life office at Lebanon Valley College in Annville, Pa. Kari-Ann Jean Chapman and Thomas Michael Hubiach ’05 were married June 18, 2005. Kari-Ann is employed as a nurse by the Milton S. Hershey Medical Center in Hershey, Pa. Thomas is employed as a pharmacist by CVS pharmacy in Lancaster, Pa., where the couple resides. Stephanie Smith Cooney, Pharm. D., recently became vice president and co-owner with her dad, David Smith, of Gatti Pharmacy in Indiana, Pa. She resides with her husband, Robert ’03, in Freeport, Pa. Michael Battista Kayrish is a registered nurse with Geisinger South WilkesBarre in the emergency department. He resides in Wilkes-Barre with his wife, Maureen (Hughes; Kayrish, who is attending Wilkes. Jamie Markovchick is an officer for the U.S. Secret Service. He resides in Weatherly, Pa. 2005 Bridget Giunta is the administrateive coordinator for the mayor of Wilkes-Barre. She was hired following an internship in WilkesBarre city hall. SamuelJ. Lawrence is a lieutenant in the U.S. Air Force. An air battle manager, he is assigned to the 325th Air Control Squadron, Tyndall Air Force Base in Panama City, Fla. Maureen Mulcahy was recently hired as a lean enterprise project manager by the Northeast Pennsylvania Industrial Resource Center. Lisa Sainala, Pharm.D., is a certified pharmacist in Pennsylvania and Newjersey. Lisa has been practicing at Wal-Mart since September 2005. She r1-- resides ” in Clark* L.„..ts Summit, Pa. Eric Wolf works full-time in the gene therapy program at the University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, where he has recently enrolled in a master of biotech­ nology degree program. He resides in Yardley, Pa., with his wife. 2006 Miranda Heness has recently accepted employment as a recruiting assistant in human resources at Staples in Englewood, N.J. Jeffrey Brittain, a captain in the U.S. Air Force, began his military career as a second lieutenant in November 2002 upon receipt of an academic scholarship from the Air Force. He was one of six students nationwide to be selected for this scholarship, serving in the Biomedical Services Corp. He resides in Puyallup, Wash. Regina Hinhel, Phann.D., works as a full-time pharmacist with Eckerd Pharmacy. Master's Degrees 1991 Judith Ellis was recently named first vice chairperson of the Greater Wilkes-Barre Chamber of Business and Industry. Earl Hoiiscknccht is employed as executive vice president of National Penn Bank. He is a board member for the Lehigh Valley Volunteer Center. He resides in North Whitehall Township, Pa. 2001 Renee (Majeslti) Miller is employed by the Wyoming Valley West School District as a first-grade teacher. She resides in West Pittston, Pa., with her husband, Michael ’01. Dana Siggins is a special education/emotional support teacher at Shoemaker Elementary School in Macungie, Pa., which is in the East Penn School District. 2002 1992 Gregory E. Fellerman was recently named a Pennsylvania Rising Star in the 2005 listing of Super Lawyers published in Philadelphia Magazine. 1996 Joseph of NovaMadiany Saving is._the vice . president of Nova Bank in Pa. Philadelphia. He residesSavings in Glenolden, Joe Shirvinshi is a principal at Annville Elementary School in Annville, Pa. He earned a second master’s degree in education leadership with principal’s certification in 2004. He resides with his wife. Wendy, and their children. 2000 Nicole (Foose) Titus is a recipient of the Japan Fulbright Memorial Fund, a program that allows primary and secondary school educators to travel to Japan in an effort to promote greater intercultural understanding. She is a mathematics teacher at Fort Grcely Middle School in Delta Junction, Alaska. Barbara K. Buxton, M.S., R.N., is an assistant professor at the University of Scranton. She was an assistant professor of nursing at Wilkes University. She is a doctoral candidate in nursing at the University of Wisconsin at Milwaukee. Megan (Shaulis) Sevenslti is employed as a special education teacher at Hanover Area School District. She resides in Dallas, Pa., with her husband, Benedict Mathew. Amy Vargason is a fifth-grade teacher at H. Austin Snyder Elementary School in Sayre, Pa. She recently participated in the University of Minnesota’s “GoNorth" program. She resides in East Smithfield, Pa., with her husband. Randy, and three children. Michael Francis Wagner is employed as a science teacher in the J ini Thorpe School District. He resides with his wife. Lynn Halowich Wagner, in Forty-Fort, Pa. 26 27 �CLASsnotes 2003 Raffaclc LaForgia is the principal of Barber Elementary School in Allentown. Pa. He and his wife. Jaime, have a daughter, Giulia, and are expecting another child. Joe Long is a mens basketball coach at Luzerne County Community College in Nanticoke. Pa. He is working on a second masters degree from Wilkes in educational leadership. He resides in Pittston. Pa., with his wife. Jenny, and two sons. Joey and Jack. 2004 Beth Ann (Enright) Dougherty is employed as a financial analyst at Webclients.net in Harrisburg. Pa. She resides with her husband. Dr. David Dougherty, in Middletown. Pa. In Memoriam 1938 Thomas Warren Melson, 89, of Indian River Estates in Vero Beach, Fla., died March 18. 2006. at Indian River Estates Medical Center after a lengthy illness. Born in Forty-Fort, Pa., he moved to Vero Beach in 2001. He was an accountant and had operated his own accounting service in Pennsylvania before retiring. He was a veteran of World War II, serving in the U.S. Army. He was preceded in death by his wife of 62 years, Amy Melson. Surviving are his daughter, Christine Melson of West Hartford, Conn.; son. Richard Melson of Chicago; and brother, Robert ’35 of Wyomissing, Pa. 1950 Chris Stine is a conductor and orchestra director at Hershey Middle School in Hershey. Pa. 2005 Jason Ferentino is district manager for Braintree Pharmaceuticals. He is secretary of the St. Roccos Holy Name Society and a third degree member of the Knights of Columbus. Jilanna McNeal Kreider teaches Spanish II at Quakertown High School in Quakertown, Pa. 28 Lois (DeGraw) Huffman diedjuly 14, 2005. She had resided in Harrisburg. Pa., for the past six years. After graduating from Wilkes, she worked with the railroad in New Jersey for a time, but her career soon turned back to her love of books. Her employment over the years included Walden Books and the Aaron Decker Elementary School Library. Lois was a life-long member of the Butler United Methodist Church in New Jersey, and during the past six years, she actively supported the National World War 11 Memorial. She performed volunteer work for the Compassionate Care Hospice, Mended Hearts, Butler Museum Commission, and during World War II, with the Aircraft Warning Service. She was preceded in death by her husband, Homer ’52, in 1994. 1957 Paul W. Ord passed away on Nov. 16, 2004. 1962 Murray C. Davis III, M.D., died Sept. 19, 2005. 1970 Beulah (Cohen) Brandstadtcr passed away on Nov. 22, 2005, in Jackson, N.J. She had been living in an assisted living facility for more than four years. Beulah and her husband, Eugene, were furriers for 40 years in Pennsylvania and New York. Her husband died in 1993, in Scottsdale, Ariz., where the couple lived for 25 years. 1983 Dr. Nancy Matnmarella Nagy , 59, of Clarks Summit, Pa., died unexpectedly on March 6, 2006, at the Community Medical Center in Scranton. She was the wife of Attila (Art) Nagy who passed away on March 4. She earned her bachelor’s and master’s degrees from Wilkes College and a Ph.D. from Temple University. Nancy was a tenured associate professor and the director of the Graduate Reading Program at Marywood University in Scranton. She also was an active member of the Keystone State Reading Association and was a founding member of the Luzerne County Reading Council. (Date TBD) Ocl.6 - 8: Oct.7: October: (Date TBD) Homecoming Weekend Annual Open Alumni Association Board of Directors Meeting (al! alumni invited) Wilkes Visits Boston-area alumni Nov. 18: Alumni Association Trip to New York City Nov. 30: Alumni Association Trip (Alpine Christmas Tour). Read more on page 3. 2007 Mar. 13: Alumni Association trip to Beijing, China. Read more on page 3. For information on upcoming events, check out the new Colonel Connection online community at: community.wilkes.edu �WILKES UNIVERSITY � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Wilkes Alumni Magazine, 1947-present Subject The topic of the resource Alumni Relations Description An account of the resource <p>An archive of Wilkes University Magazine, from 1947-present. The magazine went through various names including <em>Wilkes Alumnus</em>, <em>Wilkes Quarterly,</em> <em>Wilkes Universe</em>, and the current title, <em>Wilkes Magazine</em>. Some editions for the <em>Wilkes Universe</em>, will have multiple issues within the file record. Our holdings may be missing editions for certain years due to having no physical copy within the collection. </p> Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Wilkes University Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Wilkes University Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Wilkes University Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1947-present Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Wilkes Universe, Fall 2006 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Alumni Relations Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Fall 2006 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource PDF Type The nature or genre of the resource Publication https://omeka.wilkes.edu/omeka/files/original/a8b9d105537020785ee65f27ec68c1d9.pdf 648ab4f7e37edab75241d86d4dd512b8 PDF Text Text Issue 17.3: Spring 2023 THE INKWELL QUARTERLY Lessons from Annie Ernaux , 2022 Nobel Prize in Literature Winner By Alexis Charowsky On December 7th, 2022, the Nobel Prize awards ceremony was held at Konserthuset Stockholm. There are five prizes that are awarded annually to individuals with high achievements in the areas of Chemistry, Physics, Literature, Peace, and Physiology. This year, the Nobel Prize in Literature was awarded to the French writer Annie Ernaux. In the press release for this event, it was stated Ernaux received this award “for the courage and clinical acuity with which she uncovers the roots, estrangements and collective restraints of personal memory.” Before Ernaux’s winning of the Nobel Prize, I had not heard about her. I wanted to learn more about her background and what caused her to start writing in the first place. I found that Ernaux’s writing career consisted of stories about her own life and important events that occurred throughout history. Growing up in France in the early 1940’s, she published a narrative titled Les Années (The Years) that focused on living there after WWII. This was said to be considered her magnum opus. After researching more about Ernaux’s literary career, I wondered how the Nobel selections work and how Ernaux was chosen to be the winner. On the Nobel Prize’s website, I found that they had an entire section dedicated to the procedures selectors have to go through in order to pick a winner. The process of selecting who wins this title is complicated. In order for an author to be considered a candidate for the Nobel Prize, the Nobel Committee for Literature has to send an invite to qualified nominators who are able to suggest a person that they find worthy enough to fit this role. Invitations are sent out in September to over hundreds of different nominators. By January 31st of the next year, nominators’ submissions have to be turned in, and by April the Nobel Committee will have a first round of about 15 to 20 candidates that they will then take into consideration. This list of people is decreased to only five final candidates in May. Throughout the summer months, the committee has the job of reviewing the works each nominee has created and of taking notes on what they favored and/or disliked about the pieces. In early September, all of the committee members In This Issue: Lessons from A nnie Ernau x , 2022 Nobel Prize in Literature Winner Finally A Normal Spring Semester Turtles A ll the Way Down Book Rev iew The Impact of Chat GPT Junior Spotlight Thoughts on a Novel: The Shape of Things Being a Senior in Their Final Semester Accessed from https://www.nytimes.com/ Story Continued on Page 4 1 �The Inkwell Quarterly Finally, a Normal Spring Semester By Emily Cherkauskas I am a senior University student, about to graduate after four years at Wilkes. I’m in my eighth and last semester. Since I’ve been a college student, this is my first normal spring semester. By “normal,” I mean normal, as in not worrying about the perpetual doom of yet another shutdown blocking away all physical contact and presence with each other. As I began this semester, things felt weird, and I wasn’t the only one who felt that way. No longer were we talking about COVID every single day, every single class. We were just going along with our syllabi and assignments. Here and there, a student would test positive and be back within the week or so like nothing happened. No longer though did that student have to announce themselves to a multitude of individuals that they potentially had infected others with a dangerous respiratory virus. Now, you quarantine for a couple of days and wear a mask. Then it’s back to normal. No longer are you out for two weeks at the bare minimum. Normal is a strange word here, because are we truly back to normal? The collective trauma and anxiety of the COVID-19 pandemic still lingers, spiritually and physically. In some spots you can still find social distancing stickers and mask dispensers. Heck, I even just bought a pack of 100 masks a few weeks ago, because I felt weird after realizing the supply my family had had finally depleted. When something happens for three years with seemingly no end, it’s hard to readjust yourself to how life used to be. I’ve changed a lot in those times, too. Like I said, I’m now in my senior year. In my first semester, in the fall of 2019, I had a sincere innocent perspective of college, quite literally only taking 101-level classes and gen eds. In January 2020, though, weird things started to come about regarding a strange virus over in China. Luckily, I had decided to take environmental science that spring semester, so our professor was giving us an update every class about this airborne illness. Eventually, discussion came to the entire University, with rumors and fears of shutdowns that would soon one day reach us. And they did. For some, it was a dream, and for others, it was a nightmare. I got the taste of both worlds, with myself stuck at home attending Zoom University, while my parents faced the pandemic in their essential worker positions. Even when we came back in person after several months, the anxiety was still there, perhaps at its worst in the initial days, where we did not grasp the severity of the virus. When we came back, the threat was right in front of us. Two years ago, the University emphasized the virus’ power in threatening to close the institution due to a rise in COVID positives. Last year, the Wilkes showed that they can certainly do that, beginning the spring semester entirely virtual for an entire two weeks—quite the haunting and dystopian callback to the initial “15 days to stop the spread” mantra. The distorted sense of pandemic collectivism and isolation altered our own means of communication and socialization, potentially for decades, at the very least. As a senior college student, the change in behavior is especially obvious in the underclassmen. College was always advertised as not just an educational growth opportunity, but as an extra four or so years of escape before entering the real world of the workplace. How, exactly, can we acknowledge college as an escape when a very real threat has been present around us for the past three years? 2 Image accessed from https://www.adobe.stock.com/ Story Continued on Page 3 Issue 17.3: Spring 2023 Finally, a Normal Spring Semester Continuation of Page 2 Accessed from https://www.stock.adobe.com/ Where am I going with this reflection? I’ve realized that the current juniors, sophomores, and first-year students haven’t experienced pre-pandemic academic life. I admit, my experience with it was very limited, but I feel the need to share some advice on how to adjust to university life, because those first few months are certainly core memories regardless. Firstly, don’t be afraid to step out of your comfort zone. College is a time to grow and develop not just your education and professional skills, but also yourself. Take some time to go to a lecture or seminar, or to an event hosted by a club outside of your department, or one hosted by the mega councils. Even if it’s just one, getting a slice of that life outside of your classes will remind you to decompress and learn some new stuff. Second, do what you want. Because of the shutdowns, I ended up having a lot of time to focus on myself. I learned more about my own interests and priorities. It was a spur of the moment when I declared my English double major, because why not? The workload has been a lot, but I don’t regret it. I’ve been able to take so many interesting and fulfilling classes that renewed my love for literature and writing, after my not-as-good-quality high school English classes seemingly made me forget that passion. Even this English department’s ENG 101 and 120 classes offer a sense of newfound creativity and destination for research and writing, and it only grows more with the upper-level classes. If I did not demonstrate it enough already, it’s important to realize that time flies. Which brings me to my final point for you: Take one day at a time. Yes, challenge yourself and follow your passions, but remember that you are a human who can only do so much in a day. Create realistic boundaries for yourself and your schedule. If you put too much on your plate, you will (not might—you will) become burnt out like a firework dud. Believe me, I’ve learned that the hard way. Not only did it cost me my mental health, but my physical health, too. Don’t get yourself caught up in the arms race to get all your work done within four years. Of course, it’s hypocritical for me to say this as someone graduating in the “standard” four years, but I would be even more horrible if I did not address it. Everyone faces a variety of obstacles, internal and external, and it plays a role in their academic performance and student livelihood. I have met people who have tried to graduate with two degrees and a minor or two in three years. Meanwhile, I know people who have taken five or six years to graduate with just one major, nothing more. I’ve also contemplated the possibility of staying an extra semester or two when I was still window-shopping potential secondary majors and a minor. Both timelines have their pros and cons, and it is all up to the individual themself to work on what timeline is best for them. I’m bringing this last point up to encourage empathy among students and faculty. Nothing is a competition in the game of education. All in all, do what works for you. If you’re a senior or first-year student (or even a visitor or an alum) reading this, I want to emphasize this message to you: I, along with the entire Wilkes community, am proud of you. 3 �The Inkwell Quarterly Lessons from Annie Ernaux , 2022 Nobel Prize in Literature Winner Issue 17.3: Spring 2023 Prompting Pen to Paper Continuation of Page 1 meet with one another to discuss what they have observed about the final five candidates. The applicant with the most votes is to receive the Nobel Prize in Literature, which is announced in October, and the award ceremony follows in December. On the night of the awards ceremony, Ernaux presented a beautiful speech that brought light to her idea of what literature means to her. She focused on how in her younger years she would often see people face social injustices and took on the activity of writing books in order to speak upon these discriminations. Ernaux remembered that she was always reading from a young age, which had an impact on her decision to continue learning more about literary studies. Before becoming a well-known writer, she attended college at the Universities of Rouen and Bordeaux, receiving her degree in literature and eventually working as a teacher. Her writing career started in 1974 with her first book Les armoires vides (Cleaned Out), which is an autobiography of her life growing up in France and how things had begun to change as she reached adulthood. In her speech, she mentioned that this narrative was used to talk about a female’s body and the stages it goes through while also engaging in the fact that a woman’s existence is often defined by males in society. Ernaux states that “finding the words that contain both reality and the sensation provided by reality would become, and remain to this day, my ongoing concern in writing, no matter what the subject,” focusing not only on the struggles she faced while growing up, but also speaking upon what others have experienced as well in her writing. Accessed from https://www.stias.ac.za.com/ The English Department had the honor of hosting and hearing from Dr. Zakes Mda, a South African and American-African Appalachian writer, painter, and music composer. He spoke with our Victorian Literature students to discuss his experience in familial and communal storytelling, how he grew up with the practice of improvising a story, and the importance of narrative voice within historical contexts. While he explained a great many things, one notion that he shared concerning the beginning of a story really struck a chord. He said that many of his stories have begun from being within a place, and thinking it was either so beautiful, or so ugly, that it deserved a story. Perhaps, you could try a similar method for beginning your own narrative! Try starting a story with one--or both--of the pictures above as your starting point! Lessons from Annie Ernaux , 2022 Nobel Prize in Literature Winner Continuation of Page 4 Accessed from https://www.cultra.com/ 4 Accessed from https://www.decitre.fr/ Accessed from https://www.goodreads.com/ As Ernaux continued her speech, she brought up the idea of the word “I” often found in her books. Although this is referred to as the first person, Ernaux wanted to push past the typical standards of “I” meaning the “author’s experience” and broaden the understanding of “I” to capture the experiences of “all individuals” who might be reading her narratives. She wanted readers to feel some sort of comfort in knowing that similar encounters have happened to others and that they are not alone in any struggles they might face. For those who were unable to have their voices heard, Ernaux said she used her books to enlighten those of society of injustices happening that were often not discussed enough. She concluded her speech by speaking to those who Story Continued on Page 5 have power, noting that more often than not, this power is used to disadvantage those looked to be lower in the hierarchy of class, race, and gender. She claimed that “to decipher the real world by stripping it of the visions and values that language, all language, carries within it is to upend its established order, upset its hierarchies.” By discussing these different issues in her work, Ernaux is able to have those who faced discriminations from lower hierarchies have their voices heard. In winning the Nobel Prize, Ernaux said that she did not want it to be looked at as a “victory” but instead wants to share this pride with those who “hope for greater freedom, equality and dignity for all humans, regardless of their sex or gender, the color of their skin, and their culture.” She said it was her one desire to have voices be heard and changes be made, and in ending her speech she affirmed that she will continue using literature as a way to revolt against and change the hardships placed among people in society today. I think that overall Ernaux presented an insightful speech. In the beginning of her speech she mentioned that she did not start her literary career for herself, but instead to “avenge her people” as she was “an inferior race for all eternity.” Many of the problems written in her narratives focus on social injustices that people face due to the social class they were born into. Ernaux wanted to push away from these standards and not base one’s ability to succeed in the world class on their class. She did a great job at putting these individuals before herself and speaking upon injustices that need to be addressed. After learning more about Annie Ernaux and the many works she has published, I want to begin reading some of her works. One piece of hers that really interests me is titled L’usage de la photo, which includes the different experiences she faced while living with breast cancer. 5 �The Inkwell Quarterly The Impact of Chat GPT By Bailey DeJesus With technology growing exponentially and infiltrating every aspect of our lives, it really comes as no surprise that there are now computer systems that can write conventional, worthy papers for students. This power to be able to create entire essays, lectures, and content from a computer system is a great step for the technology, but a negative setback for writers and creators. English and Liberal Arts majors who are required to write and create their own individual content now have a new avenue to cheat. They can input basic ideas into a system that spits out full papers in minutes. In doing so, students and creators lose the ability to learn from their own writing process and mistakes. It takes away all kinds of creativity and individualism. These bots become one, similar voice regurgitating facts and bits of information learned from internet archives. Humans always will seek the easiest way out of a situation, and Chat GPT is an ingenious system that will help many, but its risks are so much greater than its rewards. If people and students become dependent on generative technology to create, there will be no individualism. Literacy, understanding, and creativity rates will decline rapidly to the point where most will begin to have the same voice: the voice of the computer. As English majors continue to fight a long-winded battle against society’s push for STEM, and in an economy built around capitalism, this new Chat bot is just another threat signaling the death of the authentic human voice. There is a call for all arts and English departments to limit their funding, giving room to science and math in this growing technology and fast-facts world. All Liberal Arts majors are encouraged to find who they are, their own style, and expand their knowledge for the sake of learning. This path creates people that are well rounded and can see many points of view and empathize with many situations. Scholars in these areas can easily pick apart complex situations, see different outcomes, and choose the best solution because they have been presented with problem-solving challenges all throughout their learning careers. They learn about the human psyche, anatomy, and patterns through history so that they are well equipped to handle real people and situations. Unfortunately, through the push of technology and the sciences only, human connection and creativity is likely to decline. In science, there is what’s fact and what is not. There are hard and fast solutions to every problem, so students begin to expect life to be the same. Chat GPT is bringing the same mindset and mentality to literature and creative writing tracks. Accessed from https://www.stock.adobe.com/ If a student is struggling with a paper topic, they can easily access this forum to guide their ideas, give them a lengthy outline, and then the student could potentially hand in the paper that was generated or edit the paper to their liking and turn it in. As an English major, I have often been faced with challenging paper topics and assignments that I have had to work through and build on my own. Recently, I had been struggling with a paper topic and writing style that called for a fluid, stream of consciousness style of writing that was still structured enough to inform and incorporate research and fact. By meeting with my professor and revising edition after edition, I was able to hone my descriptive skills and writing skills and have a much better understanding of not only my topic but also how to work through writing blocks. By being able to have a computer do all thinking for you, this new development cuts out the learning process of writing. If a student is unable to create rough drafts and edits of their own papers, they will not be able to move on to jobs that require the same skills. The student is unknowingly setting themself up for failure and hurting their communication skills. They are also significantly 6 Story Continued on Page 10 Issue 17.3: Spring 2023 JUNIORSPOTLIGHTINCOMING: By Lily Hebda Marina del Carmen Martinez Sinclair is a Wilkes junior studying English and Secondary Education. Marina is a participant in the Wilkes University Panamanian partnership program, and looks forward to teaching English back home in Panama following graduation. Q: Which professor has influenced you the most? A: The college professor who has influenced me the most has been Bob Richards from my second major in Education. I love how he imparts the passion of education to his students. He is understanding, he is balanced, and he is very interested in us learning and becoming effective future teachers. Without a doubt he has influenced me the most. Also Dr. Tindell from Psychology 101, although she only taught me one general education course. Meet Marina! She was so influential, to the Marina del Carmen point that I considered taking Martinez Sinclair more psychology courses. She Q: If you could go back in time, was very helpful in making me what would you change about your lose my shyness and share my college experience so far and why? opinions in class. A: I would love to be able to change the times that due to lack of maturity I dropped classes that were difficult for me, and by doing this I will now graduate a semester later than I thought I would. But that’s okay; it helped me learn not to waste my time and not to give up so easily. Q: Do you feel prepared to take on your future career? A: Yes, thanks to God and the excellent teachers who have taught me what I need to know, I believe I am prepared. Q: Which English class has been your favorite so far? A: My favorite English class so far has been ENG 324. Although I found it very difficult in the beginning, I started to enjoy it because I got to know the history of English. I found it fun and interesting to practice the pronunciation of Middle English words in class. Q: If you could give freshman English majors one piece of advice, what would it be? A: If I had to give one piece of advice it would be not to get frustrated when things don’t go your way. A lot of times in English, or any other major for that matter, you will have big projects like essays. When the big paper or essay develops and it doesn’t look like it’s in good shape, don’t give up. Just take a break, and go back to work on your essay later. Getting frustrated won’t help you. That would be my advice. 7 �The Inkwell Quarterly Turtles A ll the Way Down Book Review Turtles A ll the Way Down Book Review Accessed from https://collider.com/ a flat plane resting on a turtle’s back. When the scientist asks the lady what she thinks the turtle is standing on, she responds that it is standing upon the shell of another turtle. She further explains each turtle is standing on the back of another turtle making it “turtles all the way down.” I found it interesting that although the characters understand the scientist is right that the Earth is round, they still find value in the old woman’s claim. Aza comments that the story is “somewhat akin to a spiritual revelation.” Being that her anxious thoughts seem to have no clear start and no clear end point, the idea of an infinite amount of turtles supporting the world is a good metaphor for her constant mental health struggles. In an interview about the exchange between the scientist and old woman, John Green said, “They’re both right because obviously the world is a sphere — I’m not like a flat-Earther or anything — but the world is also the stories we tell about it. The stories we tell about it matter. They shape the actual world and they shape our actual lives.” I found this to be very interesting because as we talked about in Dr. Kelly’s class when discussing “Creation Story,” we use stories to make sense of the world around us. The stories we hear and read impact how we understand the world and our place in it. I thought that Green’s use of that metaphor in the novel was really illuminating. Furthermore, it goes to show why a myth like “Creation Story” is part of the coursework for a college English class. Even though it is a story that was made up hundreds of years ago and science has proved that the Earth is in fact a sphere floating in space and not on top of a turtle’s back, the turtle myth still has value as is evidenced by the fact that it is still being read today. One place I felt the novel was lacking was in Green’s overgeneralization of what it means to be an American teenager. The characters in the novel go to Applebee’s nearly every day, the movies they watch are always Star Wars movies, and they have homework like writing reports on the Civil War. Green developed the main characters' major quirks and character traits really well, but when it came to the more mundane details of their lives it seemed to me like he did not pay as much attention to detail. I imagine that Green did this to make his characters more relatable to his teenage readers, yet I found his characters to seem more like teenage stock characters than relatable beings. To me, it almost seemed like he came up with the most generic examples of what teenagers like and what they do in their free time and went with it. In this way, his characterization seemed to be lacking the detail he put into other aspects of the book. Overall, I really enjoyed rereading Turtles All the Way Down. I found some aspects of the book to be a little childish and unrealistic, yet Green balanced out the silliness with discussions of mature topics such as socioeconomic class and mental health as well as including some introspective philosophical discussions about life. I am glad that the Native American “Creation Story” reminded me of this novel, as it was a fun book to reread. By Mya Corcoran I first read Turtles All the Way Down by John Green when I was in high school. Even though I remember thinking it was a good book, the novel sat untouched on my bookshelf for several years and in that time nearly escaped my memory. Only recently was I reminded of Turtles All the Way Down after reading a work in Dr. Kelly’s Survey of American Literature I class which reminded me of the book and prompted me to reread it. The work that caused my memories of this book to resurface is “Creation Story,” a Native American myth that details how the world was created. The myth explains that once all of humankind lived in what is referred to as the “upper world” and that below them was a world of darkness and monsters dubbed the “lower world.” One day, a woman living in the upper world begins to sink down into the lower world. Upon seeing her plight, the animals of the lower world begin to devise a plan to help her. Ultimately, they save her by catching her on a turtle’s back. The myth claims that it was on this turtle’s back that the world was created. Admittedly, this Native American “Creation Story” and a contemporary novel by John Green do not have much in common, and my sense of connections between the two works may seem a little odd. Nevertheless, the reason why this myth sparked my memory of Turtles All the Way Down is that the novel utilizes the metaphor of the world being on a turtle’s back, the idea of which was first proposed in “Creation Story.” Upon rereading Turtles All the Way Down, I found that the beginning was a little slow and it took a couple chapters to really capture my interest. The novel seems to start out like any other cheesy mystery novel with two best friends, a missing person, and a love interest. The fact that the missing person is a billionaire named Russel Pickett, and that the best friends, Aza and Daisy, are out to solve his case for the $100,000 prize makes the novel seem kind of absurd at first glance. It seems like you know exactly where the plot is going even before you start reading, but I was pleasantly surprised to find that the plot did not follow the trajectory that I initially expected. Despite the main plot point of the novel being centered around Russel Pickett, the mystery of his disappearance was something that drove the plot instead of consuming the plot. I was happy to find that there were many subplots that complimented the main mystery of the novel including Asa’s internal struggles with anxiety and OCD, the dynamics of Asa and Daisy’s relationship, and Asa’s relationship with the missing billionaire’s son, Davis. Once these further complexities were introduced, I became much more interested in the book. One of the aspects of this book I ended up liking the most was the fact that there was much more than just one thing going on – there were several different conflicts that I wanted to see an end to. Another aspect of the book that I really liked was how Green depicted Asa’s mental-health struggles. For sometimes entire pages at a time, Green allowed readers to get a glimpse of what it is like to live with anxiety and OCD by using a stream-of-consciousness narration style. I found it interesting how he put Aza’s intrusive thoughts into conversation with her rational thoughts, so that readers can really see the internal struggle as she battles to have control of her own thoughts and consciousness. In this way, Green took something that is hard to understand if you have never actually experienced it and represented it in a way so readers could see exactly what Aza’s mind is going through during what she describes as her “thought spirals.” Another aspect of the book that I liked, perhaps because it was the reason I picked up the book again after so many years, was the metaphor of the world being on a turtle’s back. This idea comes up when Daisy tells Aza a story that her mother once told her. The story is about a disagreement between a scientist and an old woman. The scientist argues that the Earth is a sphere floating in space, while the old woman argues that the world is just 8 Issue 17.3: Spring 2023 Story Continued on Page 9 Continuation of Page 8 Collage Images Accessed from https://stock.adobe.com/ Artist: Toshka 9 �The Inkwell Quarterly Thoughts on a Novel: The Shape of Things The Impact of Chat GPT By Bailey DeJesus Continuation of Page 7 harming their critical thinking and critical writing skills. Through writing, people are able to become very good at expressing their thoughts and communicating with others in logical paragraphs. Logical thinking then allows students to be able to analyze evidence and many situations so that they can have their own individual thought. This leads right into students' ability to create a well thought out argument and present their own informed ideas fluently. Without this practice, humans will become that much more dependent on technology to think and communicate for us. Moreover, stories and creative writings will become nauseatingly similar. There will be similar minds and voices and thinking about the same few problems in the same few ways. Computers will easily infiltrate our creations and take away everything that is compelling about literature and the creative arts. Nothing is ever going to stop technology from advancing. Programs like ChatGPT are going to continue to pop up and become increasingly intricate in expediting many tasks for many people, but for students, it will create an environment of decreased literacy and overdependence on technology. English studies will become increasingly scarce because fewer and fewer people will be interested in not only writing but reading as well. There will be little interest in discussing old literature and how we have developed different ideas and voices throughout the ages. There will be no interest in dissecting poems and short stories for all of their hidden imagery and meanings. People will want the fast answers spit out to them that social media and movies offer. Letter writing and essay development will become an outdated scholarly tool that the last few true Communication and English majors are trying to hold on to in an ever progressing society. There will be no room for the writers. Obviously, writers and writing will never be completely out of style. People will always read books, write plays, write movies, even write dialogue and storylines for video games. However, the percentage of people able to actually write and develop ideas well will most likely diminish greatly. If our English majors and high school students in English classes are able to coax a computer program into developing pages-long essays about whatever topic they need, these students will feel no real need to gain the skills themselves. For as exciting as every advance in technology is, there are always real consequences and this one may have very detrimental effects. Without students who want to learn how to write critically, English programs will continue to be underfunded, underpopulated, and undervalued . People need to be taught the importance of being able to write out one's thoughts and ideas or there will be some sad changes in the near future. The battle between the human mind and artificial intelligence is only going to get more severe. Accessed from https://www.pinterest.com/ THE INKWELL QUARTERLY STAFF :: STAFF 10 Photos accessed from https://www.stock.adobe.com/ Staff Writers: Caitlyn Bly, Alexis Charowsky, Emily Cherkauskas, Bailey DeJesus, & Juliana Lueders Issue 17.3: Spring 2023 Editor in Chief & Layout Editor Jessica Van Orden Copy Editors: Mya Corcoran & Daniel Stish Faculty Advisor Dr. Thomas A. Hamill Accessed from https://www.stock.adobe.com/ Empathy is an important emotion for human beings. It is what keeps us connected. Empathy is often pushed aside when people begin to misuse their intellect or higher visions. Some creators forget that they are not above the natural ways of life. They begin to act outside of moral obligations, and this is where major problems occur. These issues are wonderfully portrayed in the novel The Shape of Things. The book highlights key features of a passionate, harmfully driven, outspoken woman named Evelyn who lives entirely for her art and the revelation of truth. These goals become incredibly muddled when she meets the main character Adam, and they begin an irregular love story. The Shape of Things is a must read for all who love twisted characters, gray moral areas, and the pursuit of true, honest art. These two characters become both sculptors and sculpted in intricate ways, and their story reveals the insane power that people have over each other, especially the highly intelligent who know how to manipulate, and manipulate well, for their art. Evelyn is, as stated before, the main protagonist of the story. She is an extremist who fears no judgment or consequences. For as aggravating as her character is, her ability to stay entirely true to her beliefs and ways is refreshing. We first meet her in an art museum attempting to deface a false sculpture, no small feat. Her character is solely driven by her passion for the arts and the truest expression of humanity and reality. In each conversation she has, there is seldom a time that she does not mention a philosophical or creative issue. Her outspokenness is what sets her at odds with her love interest, Adam, who is completely introverted and awkward. From their first meeting underneath the Sculpture of Adam (the famous biblically inspired sculpture of God’s first creation of man) readers can get a hint of the work she might do to him through their relationship. The banter is playful, but the seriousness of her thoughts and words shows that she is never one to back down from a project. She ignites in Adam a spark of change and a shake in his groundwork as a person that she can’t help but feed. What is most interesting is that she does seem to truly fall for him amidst her poking, prodding, and molding of his psyche. When he ends up cheating on her, she tries to appear as callous as possible but her hurt and betrayal is evident. Clearly, she felt more towards him than she may have planned, much more than a scientist would feel towards her subject. Adam is introduced to readers as a loveable, tame soul who doesn’t take too much care of his appearance. He is funny and smart, but shy and predictable, so not much happens in his life. Until he meets Evelyn. From their first encounter, Adam becomes obsessed with the woman who is his polar opposite and senior in both age and grade. This extreme infatuation quickly turns to love and adoration which is problematic for many reasons. For one, he struggles getting to know the real Evelyn, Story Continued on Page 12 11 �The Inkwell Quarterly Thoughts on a Novel: The Shape of Things Continuation of Page 11 and even when he asks, the conversation is kept short and often turned back on him. Without getting to know who one is in love with, they often become idealized and unobtainable which can cause many arguments and disconnects. Yet, Adam loves completely so he does everything he can to show his love and attempt to keep her in their relationship. He gets tattoos, facial surgery, gym memberships, and an engagement ring all in an attempt to cling on to her and prove that they love each other, and as the novel makes clear he loses himself and two of his closest friends in the process. It is his dangerous obsession with her and the need to be validated by her love that drives everyone, including Evelyn, away from him. He loses who he was, who he wanted to be, and those closest to him. The relationship between Adam and Evelyn comes to an abrupt end at the end of the story. From the beginning, Evelyn has been creating and planning her grand thesis that she has to present at the close of the school year. She never tells anyone what it is, but she mentions it fairly often. Adam and his two (now ex-) friends are there at her showing, and Evelyn becomes publicly unhinged. She reveals that Adam and his transformation from a chubby, shy, nobody to a fit, outgoing somebody was her project the entire time. Her main objective was to see just how far one human could push and change another person without coercion, just love and affection. She has molded him through their relationship into a more superficially desirable romantic candidate, and is proud of her accomplishments. Evelyn is clear to note, however, that with every change and improvement Adam made, his character became more and more flawed. As his attractiveness grew, his morality lessened, like a modern Dorian Gray without a magical portrait to keep track. This thesis brings about many, many social issues, the biggest being the trauma Adam has to endure. Evelyn reveals her truest form through this honest but ruthless act: an unforgiving and manipulative self-proclaimed deity. This deity image also brings an overarching metaphor in the play from the character’s names. From the Bible story of Adam and Eve, we receive these two characters, Adam and Evelyn. Evelyn contains the temptation and cunning of the serpent that tricked Eve into eating the apple, which comes out when Evelyn in the story is able to manipulate Adam once more and continues trying to obtain the powers and knowledge of a god. Adam is still seen following his Eve (or Evelyn in this story) and falling to her tricks. What is interesting about this comparison as well is that Adam, in both cases, has knowledge himself and is still able to make his own informed decisions, yet still follows the female’s instructions. Evelyn takes on this god-like role of trying to be a creator molding her own creation out of Adam so that she can step outside of her own mortal and limited being. The last few pages of this novel are what make it the infatuating yet frustrating story that it is. Evelyn’s dance with what is morally correct and what is scientifically necessary is so intriguing. On one end, people despise Evelyn for the damage she has done to Adam both physically and mentally. She put him through months of 12 Photo accessed from https://www.stock.adobe.com/ Story Continued on Page 13 Issue 17.3: Spring 2023 Thoughts on a Novel: The Shape of Things Continuation of Page 12 psychological torment and deceit for her own gain. She treated him like a lab rat and did not show any signs of remorse. This kind of thinking and way of going about “sculpting” is terrifying because anyone could toy with another person’s life and then turn around and say it was for art. It was for truth. It was for science. Without adding in an element of humanity and empathy, our world could easily fall to chaos. It is vitally important to humble oneself and value others lives before the pursuit of our own gain. Others can argue that without the pain and suffering of many science experiments before us, we would not be as medically advanced as we are now. But even so, emotions and feelings should be valued as much as science because there are always other ways to go about things now without harming others. All creators must be held accountable. This story is a great example of the dangers of extremes. The searches for truth, art, and life in society are always tempting. These are the greatest achievements that we as a collective can achieve so why would one push away an opportunity for greatness? The Shape of Things takes these concerns all one step further by including an emotional and romantic involvement with the experiment. This exploitation of another one of humanity’s greatest finds and most sought after feelings brings together two extremes (much like our polar opposites Adam and Evelyn were brought together) to show the torture one can set on another through a connection like they had. Both inflicted pain on the other and both were in the wrong for several actions they committed. Yet, Evelyn’s abuse of her power is the greater evil because she perpetuated hers from a state of all knowing. Knowingly manipulating someone and not even considering the repercussions of one’s actions, nor caring about the repercussions, makes Evelyn’s actions insurmountably crueler. She knew exactly what she was doing from the time she started, and with all her other intelligence, there is no way she didn’t consider the moral wrongs of her actions. What is most frustrating is that readers know she wants to gain acclaim and change public view, but her public display of her lack of empathy just stains her reputation. Her findings become obsolete because everyone who learns what she did will know that she does not obtain her research ethically. Without empathy and restraint, many gains are not worth the pain they inflict on others. Prompting Pen to Paper The English Department had the honor of hosting and hearing from Dr. Ann Wallace, a poet, professor, and memoirist, who spoke to how writing—and poetry particularly— fosters healing and energy for her as a writer and person. She guided Dr. Davis’s Victorian Literature students through engaging with poetry in a collaborative manner, and worked with tools that made writing that first line all the more easy. Perhaps you can try out some of these templates to help make putting pen to paper not so daunting! Try Some of these Prompts to Get Your Pen Moving! 1. Write a poem in which you introduce yourself, or speak about yourself, but nothing that you say is true. 2. Create a piece of narrative poetry where you spend the whole first stanza world building. 3. Create a poem with part, or all, of a language of your own creation. 4. Write a poem from the perspective of a speaker who has experienced vanishing years. 5. Write a poem that directs someone through something: “How to....” Accessed from https://www.womensmediacenter.com/ 13 �The Inkwell Quarterly Being a Senior in Their Final Semester By Alexis Charowsky There’s a saying about college that goes something along the lines of “These next four years are going to fly by.” Being at the final stage of college with graduation only two months away in May is a bittersweet moment. All the hard work, hours of studying, and lack of sleep are all about to end. I want to say that I’m happy that I have been able to receive a higher education, and I’m grateful for all of the friends/teachers I have met along the way, but as this chapter comes to an end, so do these moments that I will remember for the rest of my life. As a senior in high school, I remember being scared to come to college. I didn’t want to leave all the friends I had back home and be separated miles away. My parents had raised me in my childhood home for eighteen years of my life, and I was not ready to leave from the place that I found the most comfort in. As my final year of high school was coming to end, my decision of what college I wanted to further my education at had to be made. I was stuck between two schools, Wilkes being my first choice, and finally I chose that I would want to live in Wilkes-Barre for the next four years of my life. In coming here, I was undecided on what major I wanted to pursue. Since high school, I was always interested in a career in dermatology and studying the skin and what procedures best fit a person's lifestyle. Upon taking classes in Chemistry and Biology and having a miserable time, I knew that I did not want to go further in that career. Along with the stress of taking classes that I was doing poorly in, I noticed during my freshman year that I developed really bad anxiety. I would often have anxiety attacks about getting my work done and had no motivation to do anything other than stay in my dorm. This was not the lifestyle that I wanted to live during some of the best years of my life, and I made it a point to go to my old advisor and take tests to determine what classes I should take in order to make myself happier. We made the decision that trying out English courses might be beneficial to me. I had always been a big reader growing up and don’t know why I didn’t enter this field right away. It is a requirement of Wilkes that we take ENG 101 and ENG 120 in order to graduate. I found that I enjoyed both of these classes and wanted to further pursue my path on the road of English. As I began to take more and more courses, I noticed that my grades started to improve each semester. I would say that the English program has had a big impact on who I became as a person. It is where I have made really close friendships and relationships with teachers who actually care about how well I am doing in school and daily life. The English program is not only an educational based department but is charismatic in student development and furthering one’s education. As I became more involved in the English program, I was asked to join the Inkwell Quarterly staff. Any student majoring or minoring in English is able to join this program and write about topics that interest them. We frequently have guest visitors at Wilkes or current events going on around the area that students will review. Other popular topics include book reviews, faculty updates, and spotlights on students who are a part of the staff or English program. I’ve found that joining the Inkwell Quarterly staff has helped me to advance my career in English. Writing for Inkwell Quarterly requires three crucial steps: deliberation of a topic, drafting, and editing/ revision. Since we have the choice of what topic we want to write about, there are a variety of options we are able to choose from which forces us to pick which one we like best. From there we write a rough draft on our selected topic that we publish onto Inkwell’s Google Drive that will be reviewed by the faculty advisor, with commentary on what we need to revise or add to our articles. From there, the final step before our articles can be published is to make any edits that were required or we thought to be useful for our final draft. After these three tasks are performed, our articles can be published in the next edition of Inkwell Quarterly. Story Continued on Page 15 14 Photos accessed from https://www.stock.adobe.com/ Issue 17.3: Spring 2023 Being a Senior in Their Final Semester Continuation of Page 14 Being a part of the Inkwell staff for the past two years has not only had a big influence on my growth as a person, but has also allowed me to write down thoughts I have for others to read. As this is one of my final articles before graduating, I thought that I could include some words of advice for those who are just entering at Wilkes or soon to be seniors in the same position as I: 1. Go to class: I know that some days you will dread going to class and will want to stay in your dorm/ apartment. I’ve been in the same situation. As someone who skipped classes frequently as a freshman, I promise it is worth it to take the extra hour out of your day to attend. You’re spending thousands of dollars to receive a higher education. Appreciate it. 2. Take a break: College can be a workload. At some points you will feel like you are a tiny human all alone in this huge world. There will be nights you will stay up too late, and then you will be exhausted for days. Listen to your body. Do not feel ashamed to put away work and get some rest. Things will get better, you will get the work done, and you will not always feel this way. 3. Study: Even if you think you know the materials, review them again before a test. Not everyone studies the same, so make sure you choose a place where you can concentrate. I’ve found that the most beneficial way for me to study is by retyping notes. Whatever your method may be, make sure you take some time in the days before your exams to refresh your memory on what you’re learning. While taking a test, answer the questions you know for sure first and then proceed to ones you were unsure about. This will help you have more time to think about the questions you are stuck on. 4. Make friends: College is a new environment for every student. I came into college scared, thinking that I would be unable to make friends. Most students feel this way. If there is one thing I could have changed about living here the past four years, I would be more open to creating new friendships. Be the person who compliments others or starts a conversation. The students at Wilkes are some of the nicest people I have met, and I can reassure you that you can make many friends here as long as you open yourself up to others. 5. Check in on your loved ones: When moving to college, you’re leaving the people who have raised you for all or most of your life. Just as you may have been scared or sad to leave the people you care about the most, they feel the same way. Give them a call or text here and there to update them. Even if you don’t talk for long, they will appreciate every minute they get with you. Don’t take these small conversations for granted. In conclusion, I want to wish my younger peers well on their remaining time at Wilkes. Soon, you’ll be in the same boat as me, preparing for your final days of school. My last token of advice for you is not to take advantage of the time you have in college. I remember like it was yesterday moving into Evans Hall and feeling like I had forever to go. Now, with May coming very soon, I will be packing up my college apartment and moving away from what I considered home over the past four years. The friends that I’ve made will now not be five minutes away, but hours. Cherish every little bit you can in your college years, as you will soon realize that the time spent here goes by faster than you think. 15 � Issue 17.3: Spring 2023 MANUSCRIPT UPDATE The Manuscript Society is currently accepting submissions for its upcoming 2022-2023 issue! The submission period will be open through 31 March 2023. If you are interested, please submit your work to magazine@wilkes.edu with your Wilkes email. If you would like to learn more about The Manuscript Society or about upcoming Manusript events, please contact magazine@wilkes.edu. You can also stay connected to Manuscript by folloiwing our social media on Facebook (Mauscript @ Wilkes University), Twitter (@ WilkesMag), and Instagram (@wilkes_manuscript_). Writing Center Hours The Writing Center, located in the Alden Learning Commons, is open and offering support to student writers across the Wilkes curriculum. Throughout the Spring 2023 semester The Writing Center is offering in-person as well as online support for all members of the Wilkes community who need writing assistance. Stop by the Alden Learning Commons, or access online support via https://www.wilkes.edu/ academics/english/the-writingcenter/index.aspx For more information, contact: Dr. Chad Stanley email: chad.stanley@wilkes.edu 16 Fall 2023 Upper-Level Class Listings Course Number/Name Date/Time Instructor ENG 201: Writing About Lit & Culture/WGS MWF 12:00-12:50 M 1:00-1:50 Dr. Hamill ENG 202: Technical Writing MWF 9:00-9:50 Prof. Brown ENG 202: Creative Writing MWF 11:00-11:50 Prof. Kovacs ENG 225: Comparative Grammar MW 3:30-4:45 Dr. Stanley ENG 228: Professional/Workplace Writing MWF 1:00-1:50 Prof. Mayk ENG 233: Survey of English Lit. II /WGS/&H MWF 10:00-10:50 Dr. Hamill ENG 282: American Lit. II / WGS TR 8:00-9:15 Dr. Kuhar ENG 337: Studies in Am. Romantic Lit TR 1:00-2:15 Dr. Kelly ENG 397: Seminar in Postmodernism TR 9:30-10:45 Dr. Kuhar � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource The Inkwell Quarterly, 2006-present Description An account of the resource The Inkwell Quarterly is a student-based publication circulated among the Wilkes population as well as prospective students who consider entering the English program. The IQ provides current information about faculty events and students active in the Wilkes’ English program. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Wilkes University's English Department Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available English Department Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource PDFs Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Publication Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Inkwell Quarterly, Spring 2023 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource English Department Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Spring 2023 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource PDF Type The nature or genre of the resource Publication https://omeka.wilkes.edu/omeka/files/original/56f3d05d1e7a255d402160074e8ef969.pdf fdbe66630daf95113f57816d9f50ed72 PDF Text Text MANUSCRIPT 2022 - 2023 - 1- �- 2- �The Wilkes University Manuscript Society presents Manuscript 2022 - 2023 Cover photo: “Journey” by M. Michele Geiser - 3- �1947 Forward With this issue of Manuscript a new publication is launched on the Bucknell University Campus in Wilkes-Barre. Those who have been responsible for its coming into being earnestly hope that through your efforts and the efforts of those who come after you that this magazine will develop into a college tradition of which we may all be proud. ­-- The Editors - 4- �Mission Statement The Manuscript Society of Wilkes University has been publishing its creative writing and visual art magazine, The Manuscript, continuously since 1947. Currently, the student-led editorial staff publishes one issue per year, and copies are complimentary. In preparation for a career in editing, publishing, or creative writing, any Wilkes student is welcome to submit to or work on the editorial board of the Manuscript Society. Staff members critique a variety of creative pieces from Wilkes faculty, staff, students, and alumni. This process includes creative workshopping, copy editing, and layout. Wilkes students may elect to enroll in ENG 190B, Project in Writing: Manuscript, for one (1) credit of coursework. Meetings are held during club hours each semester. Monthly, bimonthly, or seasonal campus poetry reading are open to the Wilkes Community and greater public. The end product is a published, award-winning magazine. - 5- �The Manuscript Society Editorial Board Jay Guziewicz Executive Editor Emeritus Emily Cherkauskas Assitant Editor Jackie Costello Assistant Editor Maddy Kinard Assistant Editor Drew Haritos Outreach and Copy Editor Dr. Mischelle Anthony Faculty Advisor - 6- �A sister’s lament - Janine P. Dubik Her grief cannot be erased or halved by putting her heaviest stones in my hands. Her grief cannot become mine despite the sunny room we once shared, despite my wish to ease her burden. Her grief is hers alone; it clings to only her and doesn’t transfer, so I cannot fathom its depths. - 7- �Table of Contents Journey Front - M. Michele Geiser A sister’s lament 7. - Janine P. Dubik Celestial Embrace: A Cosmic Ode - Alisha Keshvani The Infinite Universe Through the Local Lens - Tyler Savitski The Humming Difference of the in Between - Jess Van Orden The Catacomb - Anthony L. Liuzzo How it Felt to Love You - Haley Katona Paradisiacal Beauty - Aastha Shah The Curse of the Stone Couch - Krista Harner APPLE OF MY EYE - Emily Cherkauskas Bridge in the Woods - Tyler Savitski Out of this world - Mady Hornack Still-Beating Heart - Nate Stavish The Father & The Son - Drew Haritos Grieving in the 21st Century - Breanna Ebisch 12. 13. 14. 17. 18. 19. 20. 23. 24. 25. 26 27. 28. - 8- �29. Guilt is God - Haley Katona ------------- Jackie St. Claire shotgun summer - Darren Martinez Caramel Crown - Tyler Savitski The Poem on Sleepin’ - Saurabh Patel do we should we - Jay Guziewicz You Can’t Say Wilkes-Barre Doesn’t Love You - Tyler Savitski Life as We Know It - Nate Stavish Untitled - Dana Reed Oil - Fen Farnelli ABSOLUTISM - Emily Cherkauskas The Crimson Repose - Jackie St. Claire Far Away - Vaishnavi Kotiyan Untitled - Savannah Hallett panic attack - Darren Martinez hyperdontia - Jay Guziewicz Spaced Out - McKenna Dolan 30. 31. 32. 33. 34. 35. 36. 37. 38. 39. 40. 42. 43. 44. 45. 46. - 9- �47. Kill Bill Vol.2/28 - Aster Rowland Grid Painting - Aracellys Pineda The Little Misses of Wavering Self-esteem - Ylonis Grant sleep - Brynn Stahl The Poem on Gettin’ Threatened - Saurabh Patel It’s Mine - Caden Temple Ethereal - M. Michele Geiser Introspection - Anonymous Celestial - Naveena Koli Delight - Tyler Savitski am i that much of a freak - Darren Martinez Sinking - Nate Stavish CAPTURE - Emily Cherkauskas Thoughts of Otherworldly - Mastari Shaikh The Nun - Anthony L. Liuzzo Eat, Drink, and Be Scary - Krista Harner Celestial Soul - Harita Pitale 48. 49. 50. 51. 52. 53. 54. 55. 56. 57. 59. 60. 61. 62. 63. 66. - 10 - �67. sometimes i wish i had an older sister - Breanna Ebisch For Whom Grief Calls - Haley Kotana NOSTALGIA - Emily Cherkauskas Poem - Aster Rowland still life - Drew Haritos buried - Brynn Stahl Surrender - Haley Kotana A Mother’s Desires - Breanna Ebisch Bees - Jacob O’Boyle Space Cow - Nate Stavish malignant - Drew Haritos Kaleidoscope - Anonymous AN ESCAPEE OF THE STARR’S FLESH - Emily Cherkauskas Death - M. Michele Geiser Courts of Justice vs Nafus - Ashlee Harry Space - Mady Hornack Judgement Day - Quinn Carden 68. 69. 70. 71. 72. 73. 74. 75. 76. 81. 82. 83. 84. 85. 88. 89. - 11 - �Celestial Embrace: A Cosmic Ode - Alisha Keshvani In the vast expanse of space, Celestial bodies spin and race, A universe of wonder, a cosmic embrace, Forever inspiring, with endless grace. In the vast expanse of space, Celestial bodies spin and race, Each one unique, with its own grace, A universe of wonder, a cosmic embrace. The sun, a blazing ball of fire, The source of warmth and life’s desire, A radiant king, to whom we aspire, A center of the solar system’s empire. The moon, a gentle glowing sphere, A beacon of light, both far and near, A celestial partner, to calm and clear, A satellite to our planet dear. The planets, each with its own charm, From fiery Mars to icy Saturn’s arm, A diverse family, a cosmic farm, A mystery to solve, a celestial swarm. The stars, twinkling in the night, A million candles, a glorious sight, A guide to lost ships, a lover’s delight, A canvas of art, a celestial light. The galaxies, swirling in space, A cosmic dance, a majestic race, A home to trillions, a heavenly place, A reminder of beauty, a universal grace. - 12 - �The Infinite Universe Through the Local Lens - Tyler Savitski - 13 - �The Humming Difference of the in Between - Jess Van Orden I. - 14 - �II. Her fingertips speak, turn, slide Up Inside the silver morning Light III. and opening Hear her laughing, easy with prismatic brilliance. When she talks, The World whisper[s] I get lost in her. She is the wild feel of home. The smell of spring sliding in. The difference between soundless and humming. Turn to the window Inside is soundless Deep, wild, humming She is curious to know the feel of home When he speaks, she know[s] the difference The silver smell of evening whispers “go” She slides her fingertips up stairwells, across The World Lost to spring, she finds no opening She can hear him smiling - 15 - �IV. V. The hummingbirds, occasionally curious, radia[te] a brilliance. Humming across The World. Between he and her With she and you I hear the stairwells slide. Inside, a whisper, “I go with you.” No laughing. Up, in, and turn Get lost to know the smell of home. Hear the evening. Speak easy. In the Light of morning, find her smiling deep. Occasionally, the window radia[tes] golden lights. Wild, she know[s]. He gets lost in the turns of a curious kaleidoscope Sliding up, across She, inside, fingertips amongst the hummingbirds Light, soundless, laughing The difference is the whisper of The World. - 16 - �The Catacomb - Anthony L. Liuzzo It dawned on him that his golden age had passed. He could barely climb the steps in his boarding house and exercise was nearly impossible. He had great difficulty sleeping at night and regular daytime naps had become essential. He was retired now, after serving most of his adult life working in the pest control industry. While the financial rewards had been minimal, at least he did enjoy the work and usually felt a sense of gratitude from his clients. He had two fellow boarders. The first was a young lad who made far too much noise and was extremely messy. He would leave dirty dishes that needed attention, and was not well-groomed. There was usually an unpleasant, malodorous odor that accompanied the fellow when he entered one of the common areas of the house. The second, a middle-aged female, was so aloof and unfriendly that she would generally not even acknowledge his existence. Fortunately, both of these individuals were out during most of the day, presumably attending to work duties. Despite these somewhat unpleasant co-renters, he remained in the home because the rent was within his means and because, at his advanced age, there was simply no other place for him to go. His landlord and landlady were pleasant enough. Meals and general housecleaning were provided with the rental fees, and the owners tended to these responsibilities in a fairly satisfactory manner. Food tended to be plentiful and reasonably tasty, but these were served only at regular times (between-meal snacks were frowned upon). There seemed to be numerous rules for the house, not all of which were comprehensible or, in his judgment, even rational. He did enjoy the afternoons, especially on sunny days. He would laze by the upstairs window. From this vantage point, he could observe the very desirous young female who lived directly across the street. He would peer through the sheer curtains stealthily; although he was convinced she was fully aware of his presence. When she stood up, he could get clear view of her beautiful body and his long-lost drive for sex seemed to stir, albeit only just a bit. As he pondered his life, sleepiness began to overtake him. He closed his eyes, and suddenly felt engulfed in a most pleasant sensation. The seventeen-year-old boy came into the room. He stared at the body on the floor and then called out to his father. “Dad! Come quick! I think there’s something wrong with the cat.” - 17 - �How it Felt to Love You - Haley Katona the still quiver of the water, the flushed birdsong of the morning warm white air in the pale sky, tangerine scented freckles lining the orange peel after ripening in the direct sunlight all afternoon the aching violet spreading over the opal blue soft petals that wear this exchange as the hydrangea blooms may’s cold spell after the heat wave, breaking open chest cavities and the hollowed bones of spring’s yelp crackling and searing themselves in the direct flame as the sun crawls back closer to the earth, the dirt drying up, feathering itself out to the edges watch me, here, on my knees, mercy me take the last grasp of the lining of my aorta, display it as if we were in the moma, follow me hand in hand while the seasons gripe over which will have the last word, the last kill, to be the last standing as I watch them, overbearing and tall, dagger in hand as they mock me like a small child, their grins as the sky darkens, clouds rumbling over one another, sparking the edge that glows just over the mountaintop, thunder as quiet as a whisper, lightning that blinks just as his gracious eyes let the downpour echo as it spits over the rocks while I have risen both my hands up above, let the wind drag itself across my face, drudging along in its time eyes open, eyes up and bare in the break of light sky clearing up like a paintbrush wiping up the coal dust with blue let the sun out of its cage, let him feed the flowers to bloom - 18 - �Paradisiacal Beauty - Aastha Shah - 19 - �The Curse of the Stone Couch - Krista Harner October 2019 “Alright, loser, we’re here.” Camden glanced up from his Smartwatch as Blake, his 17-year-old brother, pulled off onto the grassy shoulder. “This is Eckley Road?” “Yep, according to Google Maps.” Blake flipped his brown bangs out of his eyes. “Get going. I’ve kept Kylie waiting long enough.” He pulled his cell phone off the dashboard mount, thumbs rapidly continuing a conversation he’d begun twenty minutes earlier. “You’re not coming with me?” “Your assignment, not mine. I already passed middle school.” “You could’ve at least parked closer,” Cam grumbled. Unbuckling, he slammed the car door behind him and scanned his surroundings. Eckley Road was completely deserted. On either side of the pavement was a stretch of silent, gloomy woods, lining the road like a dark corridor. Jamming his hands in his pockets, Cam hunkered down against the October chill and proceeded up the shoulder, dry leaves crunching underfoot as he walked the remaining fifteen yards to his destination. When his seventh-grade history teacher had announced her Halloween assignment—to research a haunted place in Pennsylvania—Cam was sure most of his peers would go the Gettysburg ghost story route. It was the easy way out. But, thanks to his grandfather’s stories, Cam had had an idea as soon as he’d left class. Growing up in Hazleton, the hub of the Anthracite Coal Region, Cam had always been fascinated with mining stories, both real and imagined—tales of lost miners and cave-ins, tommyknockers and coal golems. His grandfather, a third-generation miner, had passed down local lore and legend, enthralling Cam as he grew from superstitious youngster to curious teenager. It had taken most of the weekend and two month’s allowance to persuade Blake to drive him, but Cam had made it. He had finally arrived at the place his grandfather had spoken about but refused to ever visit. There, before him, was the cursed Stone Couch of Buck Mountain. * * * * * October 1918 The moaning from the backseat of his tin Lizzie made Patrick Dunne’s heart drop. As superintendent of the Lehigh Valley Coal Company, Patrick was fortunate enough to be financially comfortable. He owned a Ford Model T, lived in a cozy Dutch Colonial, and bought his wife, Coraline, a new fur muff every Christmas. What he had not been able to do, however, was protect her from the Spanish Flu. Originally detected in March, a second wave was currently sweeping across the nation, with alarming death rates in Pennsylvania’s coal regions. “300 Corpses Awaiting Burial in Luzerne County” the newspaper headlines ran. “Cold Storage Plants Used as Temporary Morgues”; “Trolley Car Manufacturer Donates 100 Packing Crates for Coffins”. Patrick gripped the steering wheel as another moan reached his ears. His wife had first come down - 20 - �with a chill two nights ago. When a fever soon developed, coupled with muscle aches and a raw throat, a deeprooted worry began to gnaw inside Patrick. Though large gatherings were prohibited, his deeply religious wife still insisted on attending her church sewing circle. Patrick had pleaded with her to at least wear the recommended face covering, but she’d waved him off. Her faith would protect her. But it hadn’t, and Coraline’s only hope was ten miles away in the town of Weatherly... Patrick heard the pop of the wheel seconds before the Model T lurched sideways toward the road’s shoulder. Cursing, Patrick fought to steady the car, but dust from the mountain road clouded the windshield, and the Model T rammed into something huge and heavy. “Patrick...” Coraline wheezed. The sudden jolt had slid her to the floor. “Cora!” Patrick threw open his car door and raced to her side. Gently, he placed her back onto the seat and checked her for any injuries before surveying the car’s damage. The front right wheel had popped off the axel, which, in turn, made them crash into an odd rock formation resembling a couch. Looking up and down the deserted road, Patrick prayed for a passerby, but found only the creaking trees for company. He would have to start walking the six remaining miles to Weatherly. “Stay in the car, Cora. I’m going for help.” “So hot...” The perspiration on Coraline’s brow beaded like blisters. “No, Cora. Stay in the car.” Patrick clasped her hands. “I’ll be back with Dr. Unger soon.” * * * * * October 2019 The stone monoliths did, indeed, resemble a couch. There were two rough-hewn slabs fitted against each other at a ninety-degree angle and, on the right-hand side, an oblong rock fashioned into a sort of armrest. Moss and wildflowers grew through its fissures, providing little comfort to those who dared sit on its craggy surface. Cam shivered violently, as if there were a locomotive humming down his spinal tracks. According to his grandfather, it was unknown if this stone couch had been natural or man-made. Only a few feet from the road, it seemed like the perfect place for a wayfarer to take a break and enjoy a moment’s rest. However, Cam knew better than to fall prey to its peaceful pastoral façade. It was a bedeviled spot, his grandfather had told him, cursed by a colliery worker who had lost his wife to a plague... Wayfarers who dared rest there sickened and died. Disease oozed from its crevices; misfortune tainted its cracks. The Stone Couch of Buck Mountain meant death. * * * * * October 1918 They found her lying prostrate on the stone, the trees presiding over her like pallbearers. “Cora?” Patrick whispered, but Dr. Unger confirmed what he already knew. “I’m sorry,” the doctor said through his mask. “She was hot in the car...” Patrick’s fingertips caressed Cora’s now-cool forehead. “She must have...” he - 21 - �looked at the doctor, stricken. Dr. Unger squeezed Patrick’s shoulder. It would be dark soon. “Let’s take her home.” In a daze, Patrick helped Dr. Unger wrap Coraline’s body in a sheet and load it into the doctor’s car. Before getting in himself, however, Patrick retrieved a crowbar from his broken-down Model T. This stone couch had wrecked his car; it was the deathbed of his wife. With bitter tears coursing down his cheeks, he chiseled: Coraline Virginia Dunne 1890-1918 Then, he spat on the cursed rock. * * * * * October 2019 The car horn blasted through the air with the sharpness of a nuclear missile, breaking Cam’s trance on the rock. He tumbled backwards, landing on the edge of the asphalt. Throwing the impatient Blake an angry look, Cam wiped the dirt and gravel from his stinging palms. He was just about to get up when something etched into the front of the stone couch caught his eye. Cocking his head, he realized that letters had been carved into the rock, which he had missed while standing. Time and weather had eroded most of them, with only a few still recognizable. Another blast came from Blake’s direction. Snapping a picture with his phone, Cam ran back to his brother’s car. “Come on, we need to get back. Mom and Dad are gonna start to wonder where we are.” Blake fastened his seatbelt and replaced his phone on the dash. “So,” he continued, smirking, “was the dreaded stone couch everything you hoped it would be? Encounter any spirits? Get a glimpse of the apocalypse?” Cam rolled his eyes and held out the picture he’d taken, pointing to the weather-beaten marks. “You tell me.” Blake zoomed in on the carvings. “I see some random letters but that’s about it.” Cam grabbed a pen and wrinkled up Wendy’s napkin from the glove compartment. Squinting, he said, “Yeah, I can make out a C and O...” Carefully, he copied the rest of the etching onto the ketchup-stained paper napkin and then held it up for Blake. Blake shifted the car into drive. “C-O-V-I-D 19?” “What do you think it means?” Cam asked. Blake shrugged and peeled onto Eckley Road. “Beats me.” - 22 - �APPLE OF MY EYE - Emily Cherkauskas pearly teeth emerge from between supple lips hungrily biting a dewdrop-covered apple freshly picked from the gala tree pearly teeth emerge from between supple lips delicately biting their shaky bottom lip freshly kissed by their one true love as they lie within the shadow of the gala tree - 23 - �Bridge in the Woods - Tyler Savitski - 24 - �Out of this world - Mady Hornack We wait for midnight Where we can see our passion written in the stars And when the sun rises we lay together waiting for the eclipse So we can experience something cosmic again We are not radiant like most lovers Our energy is too powerful for the daylight We touch and are sent into orbit Where our love circulates among the stardust - 25 - �Still-Beating Heart - Nate Stavish I hold your still-beating heart Outside our house by the dark void Its edges fitted with wires of barb Its walls made of flesh adjoined I can’t stand this time apart Memories flash like a fresh polaroid Shaking to be able to see you just right I can’t hear the sound of your voice Your face is lost in the night The dark red cavern squelches under my feet My torch cooks it with its light I keep searching for the one I need to meet Because of him, we may reunite My mind screams out to your soul I reach and grab for the fragments I wish we could grow old Fantasy slows my fast descent I wake up to the moaning of the walls Made by spirits imprisoned for eternity I see a man in a red shawl His character opposes all confraternities He takes your heart into his left hand He stares at it with his empty goat eyes The flesh swallows me like quicksand I wish I had told you goodbye - 26 - �The Father & The Son - Drew Haritos - 27 - �Grieving in the 21st Century - Breanna Ebisch a dead girl follows me on instagram. it wasn’t always that way. in fact, i knew her once. on the field, in the classroom, as a friend. now, it’s impossible for my follow count to ever return to zero. because her follow button can’t be unclicked anymore. the reminder is always there. of someone lost. of someone who was. of someone. her. a bright soul with the kindest heart. a dead girl follows me on instagram. how weird is that? grieving is immortalized in the age of social media. how can we ever move on? - 28 - �Guilt is God - Haley Katona devoted and on fire here, down on my knees in the flames and directly facing the pinnacle of god, to whom I have given all that I can hold within me: my pain so breathlessly am I a servant to the solitude of my godliness and holiness which I can only make up for in the ash and dirt of worshiping the knife smearing it across my face down in a line, across the same my skin is burning but I always am a torch ignited me and the rest has been restless and unfortunate in desire to break the rib bone, to drink the wine of which was supposed to be blood- I am a fire that was set and I can’t seem to unbind myself from a promise I never made and yet it will kill me if it is not kept - 29 - �- Jackie St. Claire - 30 - �shotgun summer a camera cast upon death, viewing it, worshipping it, being consumed by it. - Darren Martinez it just keeps going the wind picks up the few dust particles and tosses them with abandon they tink-tink-tink off my glasses, get caught in my hair, which is already caught on the sides of my mouth, due to the aforementioned wind. The shotgun bristles against my tattered flannel, smacks of oil. bag rattles of shells, gunpowder whips up a frenzy, buckshot in my smile. some films have their logical trajectory in the hobo with a shotgun, who kills god. there is no usurper, perhaps an outer god will shore up ranks and maintain responsibility, but the hobo does not stop being a hobo just for killing god other films, you know your protagonist, and everything and all that they love, will die. in a lot of ways, that’s life. Might be silly to say all films should fully encompass life, though they all reflect it. but I find it a lot harder to relate to, and understand a film that doesn’t end in death. - 31 - �Caramel Crown - Tyler Savitski - 32 - �The Poem on Sleepin’1 - Saurabh Patel Delighted for a moment you then move in. When the eyes open, senses come in. Sleeping five hours, you still wanna be in. But reality gives you a sense to not go in. Again you wait for the dream to come in. Eagerly waiting for the time to come in. When the eyes close the dream comes in. 1 Note to Reader: To have a better feel and understanding of this poem, imagine yourself when you feel drowsy in any class(es). - 33 - �do we should we - Jay Guziewicz - 34 - �You Can’t Say Wilkes-Barre Doesn’t Love You - Tyler Savitski - 35 - �Life as We Know It - Nate Stavish I pass corpse grey buildings In the back of my friend’s beaten-up car Trying to find something fulfilling We travel near and far We never find anything worth doing We are the kings of boredom The czars of apathy We are cigarette smokers in mourning Of fun that died a junkie - 36 - �Untitled - Dana Reed - 37 - �Oil - Fen Farnelli Set the tempo to my dreams, Where city smoke stacks spout sweet steam, The stars snuffed out by docile clouds, And gather quick within the crowd, To place a tongue on tart benzine And cinnamon symptoms saccharine, Of open air stuffed tight with friends, A knot of forms, of hods and hens, Then rest, ferment, fermata there, Burnt scent of nectar in the air, Til sick the taste of company, Upended lungs and pageantry, As oil’s wiped away by rain, And roiled thunder rolls again, The sky now opens, bitter and vast, And breaks apart our silent cast, And petrichor leaves parkways bright, Make saline that sweet slick of night, And dry we sit as this song ends, Anointed, soon, we’ll be again. - 38 - �ABSOLUTISM - Emily Cherkauskas - 39 - �The Crimson Repose - Jackie St. Claire I cannot help but feel unheard, with ears that ring with noise. A gambit every word I speak, and so I speak with poise. A world aghast, I walk alone. A path I walk on pain I’ve known. A tongue of poison, forged of fear. A watchful eye, forged in here. A rhyme interrupted, a thought unheard. I tried to speak, but said no-The council calls me in again. I have been here before. The callous gazes glazed on me, I can tell they will not care. I must speak loudly, and boldly here. The centremost one speaks. “What business have you here?” Of course I have no business. But they ask it all the same. It seems the business is theirs, and so it becomes mine. “I wish to move forward, perhaps oh high and mighty ones, you will grant me passage?” I see them whisper, I see them peek. It is impolite to notice, so I do not. Their deliberations are equal in theory. But what the schemer thinks, the speaker says, and that thought is what is said. “No.” It’s simple, and it’s harsh. But I will pass nonetheless. I must speak these words “Of course, my council. I will turn back now.” I sneak past their watch, their word, their law. Judge me if you will, that’s your mistake to make. I cannot abide some things, I must move forward, undeterred. I must complete my word. - 40 - �- 41 - �Far Away - Vaishnavi Kotiyan There is a sea of limitless potential Existing at all times In the ether of the universe. Human beings as vessels, Bring this potential into being. When not every scar made is ugly, Some scars of the moon give its celestial beauty. There is a celestial mind force, A great sympathetic force, Life, of which everything is composed. I became a comet, shooting back into the heavens, Burning bright; throwing sparks against the night sky, Forever illuminating the earth with my light. So, when dark thoughts shroud my body spirits. Sweet hope! Celestial influence around me sheds, Having the silver pinions over my head, I calm my mind and gain the happiness I could not find. - 42 - �Untitled - Savannah Hallett - 43 - �panic attack - Darren Martinez I cannot put to words the agony I’ve undergone the past few months. What is a panic attack? It is this feeling of duh-duhduhduh-duh in your heart, like your body is drifting a go-kart and everything is speeding up and accelerating faster than your brain can handle and you’re lonely so lonely it’s dark and fast and time doesn’t make sense and you just want light and neutrality finality and your room, where you had your first panic attack of recent memory there were perhaps many many more in the past becomes a den for further panic the shadows stretch across your posters the stacks of books that block your floor and you fear your own room your own body the mind races against the body nobody wins and this goes on and on and you’re worried about rent a job a love life your ailing body hatred pain fear money it never never fucking never ends - 44 - �hyperdontia - Jay Guziewicz i want more teeth in my mouth than my jaw allows, want to unhinge my bones and scream feral and monstrous and dark. i am the nightmare of the little girl i once was, my spine has been twisted like the tree branch she used to swing on, graceful and polite. there is no grace carried in my footsteps anymore, it has been beaten out of me, carved out of my back leaving my blood dripdripdripping onto my white shirt. i am not who i once was, who i could’ve once become. that girl who swung from tree branches has died, buried by skeletons of dead and rotting dogs. i killed her myself, with my bitterness and fear, with my claws that sprouted from dainty fingers wrapped around her delicate little throat. it was better for her to suffocate by my hand, then the hand of the person who stole everything good from us. - 45 - �Spaced Out - McKenna Dolan - 46 - �Kill Bill Vol.2/28 - Aster Rowland laughing my ass off about how when we were dating you didn’t like it when I said “I thought you hated me” but now that we’re friends remember,because YOU wanted to, I never see your ass your favorite game is MTG when’s my birthday? what 19 year old man doesn’t know who emmett till is? whenever I tell that story people think I should’ve broken up with you first. too damn old to be blaming catholic private school your favorite color is watermelon pink what’s my wife’s name? i know there was good too, your goofy smile man you were a good cuddler the random kisses and thanks for catching me up on mha your favorite anime genre is isekai what’s my dream vacation spot? for the love of God say what’s on your mind in the moment before my head goes through a window. thanks for (almost) making me fall in love with the bare minimum - 47 - �Grid Painting - Aracellys Pineda - 48 - �The Little Misses of Wavering Self-esteem - Ylonis Grant Little Miss doubtful, meet Little Miss insecure. I’m Little Miss all my problems fade away when I walk through the door. This Little Miss wants a happy ending, so she’s Little Miss idealistic. Scared of screwing up, she’s Little Miss failed connections. Scared of not being worthy to meet Little Miss handing out rejections. - 49 - �sleep - Brynn Stahl - 50 - �The Poem on Gettin’ Threatened - Saurabh Patel When you trying to get some work done You know well, soon it should be done Voiding sleep in order to see it done Then suddenly you are summoned Weird guy it is, asking you the question: Hey you, when you gonna be done? Zone it is yours and you the person Zone justly mine, reply was simple Tho simple, guy seemed done Said he thrice, “You got an attitude person?” As you asked twice, you felt threatened Lost in thoughts of completion Trying to explain the situation Left alone to achieve completion You the person, happy to be pardoned Being just, and had been threatened Never mind tho, as work has to be done - 51 - �It’s Mine - Caden Temple A bookmark untouched. The calluses of love. The weight is enough, to imprint your hug. The marks left behind, memories set in stone. Your hand rests in mine. Your house, is my home. Your breath, I breathe. Your arm, my sleeve. Your visions, I see. Your wish, my dream. It’s our Territory. - 52 - �Ethereal - M. Michele Geiser - 53 - �Introspection I am Enrique - Anonymous - 54 - �Celestial - Naveena Koli From the womb of the night, Comes out the sun, glowing and bright The sky is his cradle, to dwell and grow. White clouds, his playmates, Yet a longing, for someone he awaits. The lone lover continues to blaze in sorrow; Long enough, not knowing what will follow. Then the demure moon finally arrives, And brazen sun softly sparkles and shines The broken waves of the ocean Threading through the earth’s thin air Her mind, embroidered with constellations. Sun and moon in their galaxy of love Teaching the truth of life from the high and above Love is timeless, everlasting and eternal An essence of existence that is universal. - 55 - �Delight - Tyler Savitski - 56 - �am i that much of a freak - Darren Martinez I’ve been playing this game recently called Risk of Rain. The general premise is of this huge, universe-traversing shipping freighter getting assaulted by a godly being, divined through primal strength you play as survivors from the crew, or rescuers with the prime objective being to escape! being that the huge freighter was demolished, its cargo peppers the landscape. said cargo is the survivors’ only hope, as the various shipments contain items that accelerate beyond human capability the game is addicting as shit. but also, I love the game’s commentary on our addiction to material things. I love the idea that the sci-fi world will still require massive shipping conglomerates. I love the soundtrack I love reading the item and enemy lore. and I love that nine out of ten times, the natural world will repel the player like the sinful, foreign object they are. Game over. I’ve got friends that play this game with me via multiplayer. The gameplay loop keeps us quite engaged, but its fair to say we haven’t touched much upon the readings I have of the game. - 57 - �I’m not sure if we would share too many sentiments. But I’m also not sure if my English major training just doesn’t let me turn my brain off. in a similar vein, I find it hard to explain to others why I love the cyberpunk genre so much. I find it hard to explain to others that sometimes we live in a cyber dystopia in our waking hours. I don’t know why I feel good when I feel melancholy. I finished the short anime series Cyberpunk: Edgerunners, and I knew every character I loved would die or suffer, from the very first episode. It’s a beautiful story about fate, about the power of megacorporations, the existence of free will, about labor, about so fucking much. So much. I’m definitely not alone in the world when I gush about it. But I’m pretty alone in when I look at what I’m surrounded by in Bumfuck, Pennsylvania. People seem to limit their mind, on purpose. I don’t think I’m all that smart Or a revolutionary, Or anything like that. I’m just a dumb punk kid with a head full of anime. But am I that much of a freak? Am I that much of an outlier? - 58 - �Sinking - Nate Stavish I sink further into the blue-black sea I paddle and push desperately The darkness envelops me It swallows me whole I am met by neon red eyes And a tentacle A looming presence that grabs hold of my mind A hidden God that I didn’t want to find A cavalcade of calamari sing a coda A beautiful hymn of my demise The feeling of dread lasts for an eternity Why won’t the monsters devour me? - 59 - �CAPTURE - Emily Cherkauskas - 60 - �Thoughts of Otherworldly - Mastari Shaikh A planet, No eye has ever seen, No ear has ever heard, No mind can ever imagine, It’s beyond and above everything, There are angels who will greet you. Sizes of doors from earth to sky, One room which leads to another room, That leads to another room, Where you have new fruits, new dishes, Each bite will taste different, Everything will be new. A place where your persona changes, Hatred from your heart, all taken out, Nobody hurts you there, You’ll never fall sick, Nobody tells you to work. No need of cosmetic, No need of plastic surgery, Just desire your imaginary face, And your face changes. You will not experience burning sun or bitter cold, Natural light instead of sunlight, Plenty of food, Smells of sweat like musk. Palaces made of pure gold, One brick is Gold, One brick silver, One brick Emerald, One brick Diamond, Each one is different. - 61 - �The Nun - Anthony L . Liuzzo Sister Agatha watched as Nurse Jackson tended to the tiny bedroom in the Group Home. Nurse Jackson was a short, heavy-set woman with a roundish face who seemed always to be in a good mood. “Heavens” thought the Sister, “she could be cleaning up my urine and still be smiling!” Nonetheless, she would dearly miss the caretaker, who at the end of the week would be moving out of the area in order to be closer to her grandchildren. The retired nun was 83 years of age and extremely frail. While she had no terminal disease of which she knew, she suffered from an advanced form of arthritis that left her in extreme pain and unable to attend to several basic needs, hygienic and otherwise. Colleen, as she was called prior to her entry to the convent, was the middle child of three girls. Her older sister, Jennifer, was beautiful beyond words, and her younger sister, Marybeth, carried a posture of pertness and impishness that the boys seemed to adore. Colleen entered the convent at the age of eighteen and became Sister Agatha. During the 1960s and 1970s, Agatha had served as a grammar school teacher in a Catholic boys’ school. Those were the glory days, when young students learned discipline, respect for elders, and, most importantly, adherence to society’s rules of behavior. Now, at the dawn of this new millennium, it just wasn’t the same any longer. As she reflected upon her life, the Sister recalled one incident in particular. As she had turned the corner to one of the corridors in the school, a handsome young boy named Robert Carrulo was imitating her stance, while exclaiming repeatedly “I am Aggie, the old baggie.” This was especially infuriating for two reasons. First, alluding to her as old was absurd, since at the time she was only in her late forties. And second, and far more importantly, referring to her by a shortened version of her first name violated all rules of decorum and respect. Mr. Carrulo paid the price for this transgression, by being the recipient of five whacks with the metallic ruler, and also by being required to stay after school for an entire month, spending this time cleaning several classrooms. Nurse Jackson was now returning to the bedroom after a brief stint away. Following a few feet behind her was a handsome young man. Nurse Jackson explained that the gentleman was her replacement and introduced him as Nurse Robert Carrulo. He smiled at Sister Agatha while a glint of recognition formed in his eye. “Please,” he said, “feel free to call me Bobby.” - 62 - �Eat, Drink, and Be Scary - Krista Harner Vivienne Moyer gazed at the portrait before her. The man, in his buttoned vestment and large overcoat, gazed back. He had a broad forehead and a thick mustache perched above unsmiling lips. A coarse, puffy beard extended six inches below his chin. “Know who that is?” came a voice behind her. Vivienne whipped around. A girl about her own age—eleven—smiled smugly. “The founder of Bube’s Brewery?” Vivienne had been enjoying the peace and quiet of the Brewery Gallery—its narrow corridor, antiquated brick archways, faint lighting. It was a nice break from the live band and raucous laughter of The Biergarten, the brewery’s outdoor dining area where her parents and their friends—the DiRossi’s—were enjoying an evening of dinner and entertainment. “Yes, but I bet you don’t know his name or how to pronounce it. It’s Alois Bube,” she continued without skipping a beat. “Ala-wees Boo-bee.” Snickering, she explained, “It’s German. He was an eighteen-year-old brewing apprentice when he emigrated from Bavaria. He bought this brewery in 1876.” When her parents first mentioned dinner with the DiRossi’s at Bube’s Brewery, Vivienne was excited. Their daughter, Adele, was her best friend. With the weather finally seasonable for April, she was looking forward to eating outside. Bube’s was a popular spot, with its Murder Mystery Dinners, theatrical feasts, brewery tours, and haunted history. While her parents were regulars, it was Vivienne’s first time, and she couldn’t wait for a night out with her best friend. Then Adele had gotten a sinus infection. Though Vivienne had begged her parents to let her stay home, they’d insisted she still join them, and her annoyance had only increased during the twenty-minute drive from Hempfield to Mount Joy. “You seem to know a lot about this place,” Vivienne said. “I’m here often,” the girl answered. “My name’s Lina.” “Vivienne.” “So, Vivienne, what do you think of my dress?” Lina twirled around. A blush crept up Vivienne’s neck. She’d been wondering why the girl was dressed so oddly. While Vivienne sported a t-shirt, cardigan, capris, and flip flops, Lina was wearing a flowing white dress with dark stockings and black leather lace-up ankle boots. “Sorry, but it looks like a nightgown.” “It’s my costume!” Lina dissolved into giggles. “I’m an actress.” Dramatically, she bowed to an imaginary audience. “My parents are in the theatre troupe that performs the Murder Mystery Dinners. I get to participate sometimes. We just finished rehearsing for tomorrow’s show called ‘Witches Brew.’ It’s based on the Bube family history and their magical secret recipes.” She wiggled her eyebrows at Vivienne. “I’m playing Pauline, the granddaughter of Alois.” “Wasn’t she schizophrenic? You know, heard voices?” Lina became very somber. “Why do you ask that?” - 63 - � “My best friend Adele read it on the website. She was looking up the menu ahead of time and found some history about this place.” Vivienne jerked her thumb back to the portrait. “Doesn’t the spirit of Alois haunt the brewery because he killed his granddaughter? Drowned her in a barrel to purify her soul?” A baptism gone wrong, Adele had called it. Lina gazed fondly at the portrait. “Not true. Alois understood Pauline and believed in her... brewing talents. Doctors wanted to institutionalize her, but Alois refused. He permitted her to live in the brewery until her death.” “So, who actually killed her?” Lina’s eyes darkened. “Loneliness.” In the distance, Vivienne could hear scattered applause and the faint clinking of silverware. She had the sudden urge to return to The Biergarten, with its fried food and spicy cider, tuneful music and jovial voices. “Listen, do you want to join us for dessert? I’m sure my parents wouldn’t mind...” “I’m not to go outside,” Lina interrupted. She skipped down the hallway, motioning for Vivienne to follow. “Why don’t you come with me? I’ll show you around and introduce you to the other theatre kids.” Vivienne glanced in the direction of The Biergarten. Part of her knew she should rejoin her parents, but the other part of her was still angry that they made her come without Adele... * * * “...so Alois expanded the brewery and built the Central Hotel to accommodate guests and travelers,” Lina prattled. “The hotel had the first flushing toilet in all of Mount Joy!” While Vivienne had found Lina to be an informative tour guide, she couldn’t shake the feeling that she was drowning—not just under the depth of information being provided, but because they were physically descending deep into the bowels of the brewery. “How far underground are we?” Vivienne hesitantly stepped off the steep lantern-lined staircase that opened into a cavernous room with limestone walls and a candle chandelier. Lina smiled, her beady eyes crinkling in the corners. “Forty-three feet below street level. This is part of the Catacombs.” Vivienne shivered. “Catacombs?” “Yes—chambers initially dug for beer storage, but now a place to congregate.” Lina’s boots tapped across the cement floor as she led Vivienne to an enormous barrel in the corner. Positioned to conceal where part of the wall had crumbled from decay, it disguised the entrance to a small alcove. Stepping through, Vivienne found herself in what seemed like a kitchen nook—a small square table sat with four wicker chairs. Chipped plates, rusted silverware, and dingy cloth napkins made up four table settings. In the middle of the table sat a bowl of sugared pastries and a ceramic pitcher full of amber-colored liquid. “We’re here!” Lina announced. Vivienne watched, mesmerized, as Lina made her way around the table, greeting invisible guests. “Sorry we took so long,” Lina was saying, “but she wanted the tour first.” Vivienne warily eyed the vacant chairs. “I should be getting back to The Biergarten...” - 64 - � But Lina cut her off. “It’s rude to mention leaving when you’ve only just arrived.” She turned toward an empty chair. “Ingrid, don’t be a piggy. Pass the German dumplings.” Vivienne looked from Lina to the empty chair to Lina again. Huffing in irritation, Lina retrieved the bowl of sugared pastries and offered them to Vivienne. Declining at first, Vivienne took one when Lina declared, “No one leaves without a taste test” and planted herself firmly between Vivienne and the alcove entrance. Hesitantly, Vivienne bit into it, the sweetness of the cinnamon sugar and tartness of plums blending deliciously in her mouth. “Tasty, aren’t they?” Clapping twice, Lina announced, “Annalise, the apple cider!” Vivienne jumped at the sharp claps but took the goblet obediently when Lina—Annalise?—handed it to her. In her panic, she drained half of its contents, the warmth trickling down her throat and spreading through her insides like a carpet stain. Dizziness soon overtook her. “Whaaaat?” Vivienne’s voice sounded foreign and warbled, her arms and legs becoming heavy and immobile. “Granddaddy was right,” Lina said proudly. “I do have special brewing talents.” Vivienne felt as if she were unraveling, each layer of her essence peeled and pulled until she was completely unwound, her entire spirit comprised of one long spiraling thread, as delicate as an apple’s peel. And then, with a final jerk, she was looking out of different eyes, from a different body. A body wearing a flowing white dress and black leather boots. Still unable to move, Vivienne’s mind raced in terror. Lina... Pauline... one and the same... “When the paralysis wears off, you’ll only be able to go as far as the brewery permits. No more outside.” Pauline stretched luxuriously in her new body. “Now, you said your—I mean, my—parents are in The Biergarten, yes? And who’s my new best friend—Adele?” No! Vivienne struggled to cry out. No! But Pauline Bube had already stepped back through the crumbling wall, her flip flops slapping the cement as she walked toward a new future. Leaving Vivienne Moyer wedged in the past. - 65 - �Celestial Soul - Harita Pitale A glowing piece shining bright, Mystic? Pearl? Dark? Sunlight? Soul is me. Deep underneath lies a land of fantasy, Soul’s aspiration, desire, dreams and more. Keeping me in suspense yet joy, thrill yet bliss. The land here is lonely, from corals to stardust, Waves to clouds, every presence Soothes and calms. Another side of the land filled with ambition, Stays, lives in the present, knows reality. All bits, a work of art, Forever my soul be in high spirits, Remembering thou, A dazzling celestial. - 66 - �sometimes i wish i had an older sister - Breanna Ebisch everyone knows the elementary school saying “first is the worst, second is the best.” i never thought of it as anything more than a childish chant that usually followed a loss in some game during recess. but now, i know it’s true. no one can rearrange a birth order, but being the eldest child is both a gift and a curse. it’s an added challenge to an already complicated life. and sometimes, i wish i had an older sister. someone to give me advice at different times because she’s already been through it. someone who knows how confusing it is to exist and be a pillar of support when it’s needed. don’t get me wrong, i love being the older sister myself. but sometimes, it would be nice to have a sibling, a built-in best friend, who understand the complications of being a girl, becoming a woman and balancing everything life throws at you. but it isn’t that simple, i know. - 67 - �For Whom Grief Calls - Haley Kotana I can see swans, snow colored and delicately posed melting through the space, the cello, between me and the silhouette of you I can see the embroidered roses the mix of cologne, sweat and my perfume she told me I loved you but all I can see is purple, the blend between red and blue, how my blood will never be as red as you wanted to paint that room I can feel the sheets pull and from this, the smell of apricots and boxed soap in me you saw what I never knew, where are you now except vanished like the fire blight of my fruit where we once sat, how you once said my name I can hear the sighs over the afternoon and she told me I loved you May erupted to grace my neck in green hue and the sun had never kissed me quite as hard as it did then I wish I had done everything on earth with you - 68 - �NOSTALGIA - Emily Cherkauskas - 69 - �Poem - Aster Rowland I miss you, jerks I miss the spontaneous trips to applebees and the homework parties and the hanging out until 3am talking about god knows what. I miss your magic cards your LEDS your rock playlist your goofy inebriated face. Maybe somehow in the crosshairs, I seemed drama filled and I take full responsibility I just wantsorry. I just want it back to normal I just want it quiet in my head again. ps, sorry I called you jerks I miss your bojack rants your hippie-esque clothes your sasquatch hair your scrunch face. At the same time, it feels like im not allowed to miss you. or maybe I’m crazy and we’re all okay just ‘busy’ like you said But if we aren’t, I get its kinda maybe a little my fault Cause I’m the one who stopped talking to elaine cause I thought she was a liar, and I also trusted ½ a set of bozos - 70 - �still life - Drew Haritos - 71 - �buried - Brynn Stahl - 72 - �Surrender - Haley Kotana please spare me. I will fall down to my knees wrapping around your stone feet spiraling fast and uncontrollably between your legs while my nightshade tangles up you, tall, shooting up leaves and vines, ivy, thyme and rosemary between fingertips, letting the sun die green leaves browning, so tightly wound against your statue, to give up my being to fragment heaven, blue skies and clear lament body melting into vine wrapping around you, there in the garden, you now must be, and I fall down to my knees in my final act of devotion, my everlasting shattering of decree to wither between your palms just so you can simply never ever again leave - 73 - �A Mother’s Desires - Breanna Ebisch “You’ll be the mom. You’ll be the dad.” “I’ll be the sister. And you can be the babysitter.” And just like that, a tree on the playground became a house and we were a family. Little did I know then as a naive, six-year-old, but this would be the closest I ever get to being a mother. My mind would be made up for me before I even got the change to realize what was at stake. But I know, I will not be a mother. How could I? Bring a child into this world, only to leave them in a darker, crueler place than I know now. The guilt. Maybe I’m selfish. But risking my life isn’t worth it. So any dream of being a mother one day will stay just that. A dream. A mother’s desire so to say. - 74 - �Bees - Jacob O’Boyle Body Text - 75 - �Space Cow - Nate Stavish “I’m gonna be a space cow,” said a black and white cow named Reginald. “No, you’re not,” replied the cow standing next to him, named Isaac. “Why?” asked Reginald. “Because you’re on Earth, and you will stay on Earth,” said Isaac. “I can feel it, man. I’m going to get chosen. My journey through space is going to happen soon,” said Reginald. “You’re gonna get turned into ground beef,” said Isaac. “No, that’s what you’re gonna be. I’m gonna be a space cow,” said Reginald. He thought to himself for a moment. “Wait,” he said, “what is ground beef?” “It’s what they turn you into in there,” said Isaac as he motioned to the giant industrial building made of wood and metal just down the hill and across the field that hundreds of other cows were currently being herded into. “That? Man, that’s the space station. Yeah, all of those guys are going to real space. Because they believe,” said Reginald. “What do you mean, ‘real space?’” scoffed Isaac. Reginald shook his head in frustration. “Well, I am in space because Earth is in space. In there, though, they send you into outer space. It’s where all the cool stuff is. It’s the actual appeal of space. See, we try to create all the cool stuff in space here to prepare us for the real space, the outer space.” “But by trying to create space on Earth, you’re admitting that Earth isn’t space.” Reginald shook his head, disappointed. “You white and black cows, man, you just don’t get it.” “Whatever,” Isaac scoffed, “I think I get it better than you.” Isaac wandered off to another part of the farm. Standing next to Reginald was going to make him more stupid by the minute. All of the cows were situated on a piece of flat land that felt like it stretched on forever. Several metallic lines and poles surrounded them as they grazed, talked, and slept. Whenever the cows tried to figure out what these lines and poles were, one of them got hurt. Isaac knew what it was. It was a fence meant to cage them in here. Isaac passed a group of cows in a semi-circle around an older, apparently wiser, cow they called Shaman. Shaman was energetic for his age. He approached cows seemingly at random and would begin shouting mid-sentence, just to get his message across. “Hear me, brothers and sisters of the galaxy,” said Shaman. “One of foul spirit and spoilt milk may think of this line as a line of pain and imprisonment. They are wrong. These lines GUIDE US. They guide - 76 - �towards SALVATION.” Shaman moves through the crowd, parting them with every step. He looks at the industrial building, its guiding funnel is now closed. “Right there, in our HOLY TEMPLE, our SPACE STATION, we shall be guided to the beginning of our journey. The gods will choose us soon enough, brothers and sisters.” Shaman took notice of Isaac. “I remember you, brahman. I remember you from when you were just a calf.” Shaman spoke to the crowd, “This brahman doesn’t believe in outer space even though his mother was chosen to be with the great ones among the stars.” “My mom didn’t go to space. She died.” “How do you know that, boy?” “How do you know she didn’t?” “Because I say so, nonbeliever. What I say is truth.” “Whatever.” Shaman spoke to the crowd, “He will never understand, for we are black and white, and he is white and black. This is just another reason why he won’t go on his great journey. ” “I look just the same as you,” Isaac said as he walked away. Isaac found a nice corner to sit in. He watched as the other cows mingled and grazed, talking about outer space. He eventually fell asleep. The sunset and the moon rose along with the stars. Isaac was partially woken up by black and white cows mooing a hymn in the night. He tried his best to ignore it, but all of the noise snuck its way into his eardrum and kept him awake. Isaac made his way to the herd of cows, led by Shaman, mooing the hymn. They sang by the entrance to the funnel. Within the funnel rested the closed mouth of the “space station.” The discolored rust on the metal door looked like the cosmos to many cows. To Isaac, it looked like flames. Reginald noticed Isaac walking over and quietly tried to dismiss him. “Get out of here, man,” he whispered. Isaac pushed his way past him and parted the crowd, interrupting their hymn. Shaman looked at him as he approached. “What are you doing here, boy?” Isaac ignored him and looked out at the crowd. “Can all of you, please, be quiet. I’m trying to sleep out there. It’s night. There are stars. So what? You see them all the time. There is no need to sing about it. I swear, I’ve lost more sleep because of your stupid songs than I’ve lost thinking about dying in that hellhole right behind us.” The door in the funnel began to creak open, like a snake unhinging its jaw. Isaac turned around as a fiery orange light poured out from under the heavy metal door. Humans dressed in white hazmat - 77 - �suits with black visors holding electric prods surrounded the fence. “Shit,” Isaac said to himself. “Now is our time, fellow brahmans. The gods are here,” shouted Shaman to the crowd. “We are being chosen. Go into the light.” Shaman began to guide the herd beyond the metal door. Isaac tried to resist the river of cows rushing past him. “Don’t go!” he shouted, “They’re going to kill you!” The black and white cows pushed through Isaac, taking him along with their current. Isaac was pressed against the side of the funnel. One of the humans shocked him with a prod. Isaac continued to push against the crowd, but his efforts were useless. The cows pushed him past the metal door and into the light. The metal door began to close. Outside, Isaac saw Reginald try to push his way through the crowd. “I’m supposed to go! I’m supposed to be chosen! Why does he get chosen and not me?!” Reginald cried. Isaac was met with another shock. He was forced to follow the narrow trail the other cows were on. Humans surrounded them from raised catwalks, cattle prods in hand. Each heartbeat in Isaac’s chest was an explosion. His eyes were in constant motion, examining every detail of the room. The area he was confined to was mostly white tile. Its crevices were dark and dirty. The metal catwalks the humans walked on were cold and black. The cows in front of him moved out of the way. Isaac saw a hallway with two rows of small pens. Each pen had a trail of blood leading out from it that went off to another part of this house of horror. The cow before him was placed in a pen that forced them to face the hallway. Isaac turned to the cows behind him. “We’ve got to find a way out of here.” A human shocked him and moved him forward. “Fear not, fellow brahmans,” said Shaman from a pen in the back. “They lock us in here, not to harm us, but to secure us for interstellar travel.” “Stop lying to them! We’re all about to die!” shouted Isaac. Isaac was forced into the pen next to Shaman. As the pens were filled, a human in a blue hazmat suit entered the hallway. He carried a silver object in his hand. He nodded to another human in a yellow hazmat suit with a clipboard. “Check pressure,” said the human in yellow. “Checking,” said the human in blue as he looked at a dial on the side of the object. He adjusted a knob and gave a thumbs up to the human in yellow. “All clear.” The human in blue pressed the silver object on the forehead of the first cow in his row. “Watch this, guys! I’m about to get chosen!” he said gleefully. The human in blue stared down at the cow emotionlessly. He moved his finger to a rounded lever near the handle of the object. “Stand clear. Firing pneumatic weapon in three... two.. one.” - 78 - �Blood exploded out from the cow’s forehead. His limp body rattled the cage of the pen as it fell to the floor. The remaining cows mooed out in fear, shaking their cages, trying with every fiber of their being to escape. “This has to be it. This has to be the way,” Shaman said, shaky and unsure. He spoke up to the rest of the cows, “LISTEN, BROTHERS AND SISTERS, the GODS have CHOSEN us. FEAR NOT, for THIS is THE WAY.” Shaman shrunk back into is cage after saying this. He whispered to himself, “This has to be the way. It has to be.” Shaman’s words did not work. The cows continued to squirm and rattle their cages. There was so much blood in the room that the drain in the center of the floor was backed up. The cows had to stand in the essence of their dead neighbors while watching their slaughter. They were each picked off by their seemingly emotionless god as he counted down, “Three... two... one.” The thunk of the pistol reverberated throughout the room. The human moved on to his next victim, Shaman. Shaman violently slammed himself against the walls of his pen, desperately trying to escape the inevitable. “Please don’t!” he shouted. He looked around at the dead bodies around him. “I’m sorry! I’m sorry!” he pleaded as if it would save him. “Firing in three... two... one.” Thunk. Isaac was the last one left. The room had gone quiet, but Isaac’s eardrums were assaulted by the pounding of his heart. The human turned a nob on his pneumatic weapon and approached Isaac’s cage. Isaac desperately tried to calm himself. No amount of deep breaths would slow the beat of the combustion engine inside his chest. The human rested the pneumatic weapon on Isaac’s forehead. Isaac closed his eyes and thought of his mother. Darkness. Nothing. No sights. No sounds. Isaac couldn’t tell if he was dead or not. He opened his eyes. The human lowered the pneumatic pistol. The human in a yellow hazmat suit approached the human in the blue hazmat suit. “What are you doing?” “I can’t kill this one,” said the human in the blue hazmat suit. - 79 - � “Why?” asked the human in the yellow hazmat suit. “It’s like all of the other cows are black and white. This one is white and black. You know what I mean?” “They all look the same to me.” “I don’t know if it’s even that. This one’s just... different.” “Let it go then. Just stop wasting time,” said the human in the yellow hazmat suit. He walked away. The human in the blue hazmat suit let Isaac out of the pen. Isaac said, “Thank you,” but the human didn’t understand him. The human led Isaac to another metal door. This one was much more thin than the one at the funnel. The human pulled it open with a chain. Isaac was met with a blinding white light. “Go,” said the human in the blue hazmat suit. Isaac took a deep, calm breath and went through the door. Isaac’s eyes adjusted to being outside. The cool breeze flowed through Isaac’s nostrils. His hooves clacked against the grey concrete of the parking lot. This sky was a clear blue with a sun that warmed his heart and should. He approached the wall of dark green spruce trees. He looked behind him and noticed that the slaughterhouse appeared very far away, along with the cows outside of it. It was as if all of that pain and suffering were a distant memory. When Isaac turned around, he was face-to-face with another cow. He jolted back in fear. “Hey, what’s up, man?” said the cow. “Who are you?” asked Isaac. “I’m Peter.” “Where am I?” “You’re not there. That’s all that matters.” Peter turned around and began walking towards a clearing in the trees. He turned back to Isaac. “Come on. You’ve got places to see, people to meet,” he said. Isaac followed Peter through the forest to a utopian meadow filled with lush grass. There were hundreds of cows grazing and doing whatever they wanted. In the distance, Isaac noticed a familiar face. - 80 - �malignant - Drew Haritos - 81 - �Kaleidoscope - Anonymous Two heavenly bodies meet: Two heavenly bodies meet: Uriel, shining resplendent, away–for only a moment–from his post at Eden’s gate, and Lucifer, his skin like glass, which can not produce light but only reflect and refract that which falls on him. The sun, and his reflection in the sea. Two forms which may look at each other but never touch. As I raise and turn the scope, I see the two reflect once more. The sky mirrors itself again, between the pooling tide, which turns, in turn, to find itself somewhere above the sky. Uriel unsheaths his flaming sword, now used to encourage entry rather than forbid it, as the serpent shows its head, not yet crushed by Adam’s heel. I feel, if I gaze through this glass enough, make sense of the patterns of color and light that scatter themselves about the prism, that I might one day look through your eyes: see, at a glance, the clovers pop out from the brush, their leaves the four suns, at last in physical contact. The two are tangled for a time, hemispheres shifting and turning over themselves, before the former finds himself aligned with the Heavens, laid atop the latter on the Earth. Uriel’s light falls onto the fallen angel’s chest, shattering on impact against prismatic skin; from each drop, a thousand colors scatter, painting his face and torso in the myriad. Collide, o Scope? Perhaps. At last, the Church has reclaimed the rainbow. - 82 - �AN ESCAPEE OF THE STARR’S FLESH - Emily Cherkauskas I found a glass bottle, alone in the ocean. The glass scratched and scuffed, chewed on by beasts. A blood-stained tooth trapped in the cork. When I raised it to the sky, the moon’s reflection revealed an object inside. A piece of paper folded neatly twice. It was an image, entirely black. But as the light catches the paper, I see speckles of white And gleamings of clouds and stars. Beautiful stars that tell a story a human may never know. It was a picture of you. - 83 - �Death - M. Michele Geiser - 84 - �Courts of Justice vs Nafus - Ashlee Harry The Gates of Heaven shone in the eternal sunlight and gave off the holy pearly glow of bliss. One angel stood before the gleaming entrance in a luminescent white gown with wings to match. The normal flow into the blissful afterlife had a different feel today. The heat from the torturous afterlife down below billowed before the gates as the lottery allowed some to try to prove that their souls were clean and worthy. The first of the chosen hung between two winged demons before they tossed him to the ground. “State your name,” the demon hissed at the man as he stumbled to his feet. “John Nafus, sir,” his voice cracked as he stared at the angel. The angel surveyed the sunken remains of the man before him compared to the photograph within the file. John Nafus, before his sentence to Hell, had a full face with sharp features and course black hair, which hung like a curtain. His eyes that once held a spark was now a dull shade of black from eternal punishment. His prominent nose was now missing chunks and his left ear dripped blood. “Bring him this way,” the angel floated above the clouds toward the heavenly courtroom of justice. The demons sunk their claws into Nafus’ arms before they dragged him to his table. He was haphazardly thrown into a chair before chains encased him. Within the gleaming walls of the courtroom of justice was an audience of angels that sat in silence. Warmth and welcome washed over the room, except Nafus’ chair, as a powerful presence filled the room. At seven feet tall and wings that spread out double his height, he glowed within the sunlight as he floated to the enormous desk. “Good morning, everyone. As you know, I am the Archangel Uriel and I will be overseeing the appeal proceedings today. We are here this morning to hold session in the court of justice for these tortured souls.” Uriel looked over at Nafus as he stared from his chains. “Peter,” Uriel motioned to the angel that led Nafus and the demons in. “Please present our first case.” “Before us sits John ‘Tex’ Nafus to once again try to prove his innocence from that fateful day deemed the ‘pay car murders.’ I would like you to make note that today, January 13th, 2022, is the 92nd anniversary of this horrific incident.” “Noted,” Uriel nodded his head as Peter looked over at Nafus. “Let me set the scene for you. We are in the quiet town of Warrior Run, Pennsylvania on the brisk January day as the locomotive train pulls a mine car. Within the mine car is the payroll for 600 coal miners that work for the Glen Alden Coal Company amounting to $35,000.” The silent room - 85 - �filled with grumbles of displeasure at Peter’s words. Nafus tried to protest, but one of the demons clawed his shoulder and he remained silent. “Now, this robbery would have been a success if not for the six men that got in the way. The goal was to have the mine car explode once it switched tracks of the Delaware, Lackawanna & Western Railroad and before it hit No 20 tunnel. However, six men where in that mine car when it exploded. Four of them were killed, one lost his right leg and had his left foot amputated, while a guard suffered minor injuries.” “Peter, please tell us where John Nafus falls within this story.” “Of course. Mr. Nafus was overheard at a tavern planning the robbery. His partner stole the dynamite and purchased the wire while Nafus was the one to ignite the dynamite with the battery, which was found at the scene attached to the wires on the track.” “Murderer! Guilty!” Angels in the stands jumped to their feet and cried out before Uriel silenced them with a look. “Nafus, do you have anything you would like to add?” “I didn’t get a fair trial.” Nafus lifted his head and tears ran down his face. “I wrote to my family, maintaining my innocence until the day that I was strapped to the electric chair. I sit before you today with the same belief.” The angels hissed in anger before they were silenced. “As touching as your words are, Nafus, I believe that you already know –” “Wait,” Peter cut Uriel off as he looked down at his file. “It seems we have a new piece of information, sir.” “What do you mean?” Uriel’s confusion filled the courtroom as Nafus looked at Peter. “There seems to be a descendant of Nafus’ who has discovered a vital piece of the investigation.” Nafus’ eyes burned bright with hope while the Angels stirred in unrest. “The girl has been researching the court cases and found conflicting eyewitness reports. One says that he was at the train tracks while another puts him in town.” “That could be a friend trying to cover for him!” An Angel in the stands shouted, but immediately went silent when he met Uriel’s glare. “Anything else, Peter?” “Many of the court cases she has been mulling through have backed up these claims. She has enough evidence to clear Nafus’ name.” Peter and Uriel held each other’s gaze as Nafus stared down at his hands and whispered a prayer. As the demon tightened his hand around Nafus’ shoulder and pulled him to his feet, Uriel finally spoke. “John Nafus, the courtroom of justice finds itself ready to make judgement. Due to the latest development of information, this courtroom has no choice but to rule you clear of this criminal - 86 - �act. You will be rejudged the Gates of Heaven to see where you will be spending the rest of eternity.” A smile broke across Nafus’ face as the demon’s claws retracted from his shoulder. Two angels came forward and escorted him put of the courtroom. Before they slipped out the side door, Nafus stopped and looked back at Uriel and Peter. “I know it may be too much to ask, but if you could, please send her a message of thank you for believing in me.” - 87 - �Space - Mady Hornack Space is something i’ve been given too much of life has left me with nothin but a Rocketship floating in the atmosphere I have gotten to know the milky way, so well too well at night while the world is resting I am launched into my thoughts discovering how not to feel like an alien on my own planet perhaps i am still getting used to gravity - 88 - �Judgement Day - Quinn Carden No one could have expected this, these beings rising from the Earth, they claim they are not here to harm us but rather to inform us of our wrongdoings. They were not human but a more advanced version. They were beautiful in a way that filled a person with an uneasy feeling. The screams of terror surrounded me. They lied to us. Why did they come here, or were they here all along? - 89 - �Staff Biographies Jay Guziewicz graduated from Wilkes University in December ‘22, with a Bachelor of Arts in English and Psychology. In their spare time, Jay enjoys reading Batman comics, playing old Call of Duty games, and taking turns a little too fast. Emily Cherkauskas is a senior in communication studies and English, with a minor in workplace writing. She’ll let you know her fun fact in just a moment. Jackie St. Claire is a supervillain who resides in Wilkes-Barre. Spending her nights scheming in the shadows, she works undercover at Wilkes University as a Digital Design student by day. Maddy Kinard is a senior communication studies and English major with a minor in global cultures. Her (least) favorite thing to do is wait until the last possible second on assignments that, in reality, do not take that much time and are not that challenging, because she creates a false idea of them in her head and, in turn, fears them. It is not fun, but it is a fact. Drew Haritos is a junior double major in psychology and English. She used to eat erasers off pencils as a child. It got so bad that her teacher made her write with crayons—she ended up eating those too. Dr. Mischelle Anthony, fortunate faculty advisor to The Manuscript Society, is also Associate Professor and Chair of the English Department at Wilkes University. In addition to poetry, she writes articles on eighteenth-century women writers, and has served on the editorial boards of the Midland Review (now defunct, hopefully not her fault) and Cimarron Review. Her poetry manuscript, Vehicle On Fire, was a finalist for the 2023 Longleaf Press book contest. - 90 - �Getting to know the submitters... Aastha Shah is a first-year student in the Bachelors in Computer Applications program at Dr BMN College of Home Science, located in Mumbai, India. Alisha Keshvani is a first-year student in the Bachelors in Science program at Dr BMN College of Home Science, located in Mumbai, India. Anthony L. Liuzzo, J.D., MBA, Ph.D., is a professor emeritus of Wilkes University. While growing up in the Bronx, New York, Dr. Liuzzo was inspired by the works of Alfred Hitchcock, Rod Serling, and Roald Dahl. Although he has had ten of his law and business books published, this was his very first attempt at short story drafting. Aracellys Pineda is an international student at Wilkes, currently a sophomore psychology major with minors in neuroscience and art. At the moment, she can’t think of any really fun facts that have happened to her, but some facts about her are: She laughs at everything, and even her own laugh makes her laugh more. She likes snakes and would like to have one as a pet. She loves horror movies. She likes to cook all kinds of food, make cakes and cookies. Lastly, she could go to class without breakfast, but never without makeup. Ashlee Harry, MA, is a graduate student in the MFA in Creative Writing program. Ashlee fell in love with Greek mythology years ago and has jumped in head first to research and reimagine the classic tales. Aster Rowland is a sophomore criminology major with a WGS minor. Her fun fact is that she gets confused with every other Black woman under the sun on this campus, and she has no clue why. Breanna Ebisch is a 2022 alumni of the communication studies department. She has been to over 50 concerts and collects hockey pucks! Caden Temple is a first-year student in business management. Darren Martinez is an alumni of the English department and currently resides in graduation limbo. He can almost squat his body weight. Every day is a step forward! - 91 - �Fen Farnelli, also known as the hellbender salamander, is a Wilkes alumni from the Class of 2022 and a species of aquatic giant salamander endemic to the eastern and central United States. Fen is the largest salamander in North America. A member of the family Cryptobranchidae, Fen is the only extant member of the genus Cryptobranchus. Other closely related salamanders in the same family are in the genus Andrias, which contains the Japanese and Chinese giant salamanders (From Wikipedia). Haley Katona is a political science alumni, who graduated this past fall. Harita Pitale is a second-year student in the Bachelors in Computer Applications program at Dr BMN College of Home Science, located in Mumbai, India. Janine P. Dubik ’78 MFA ’19 has had her poems included in Poetry in Transit, a program of the Luzerne County Transportation Authority, since 2016. Her works have been published in Poets Live Fourth Annual Anthology; Poets Live Third Annual Anthology; The Scop; Back Channels’ “The Pandemic Issue;” Word Fountain; The Electric Rail literary magazine; and Thirty-Third Wheel. She resides in Northeastern Pennsylvania. Jessica Van Orden is a member of the class of 2023 with a major in English Literature. She hiked her first Colorado fourteener in Teva sandles and socks, following her camp counselor confidence that they could carry her anywhere. Krista Harner received her B.S. in Secondary English Education from Millersville University (2004) and her M.A. and MFA in Creative Writing from Wilkes University (2008). She has been an English teacher for the past eighteen years. Her personal essay “Square Peg, Round Hole” was featured in Chicken Soup for the Soul: The Forgiveness Fix. Krista lives in rural Pennsylvania with her husband, three children, and fox red lab. Her obsessions include dogs, books, and ice cream. Mastari Shaikh is a third-year student in the Bachelors in Computer Applications program at Dr BMN College of Home Science, located in Mumbai, India. McKenna Dolan is a senior in digital design and media arts. She loves yoga and Pilates! - 92 - �M. Michele Geiser is a staff member in the office of Communication Studies. She is also the owner and artist of BepaStudio - Unique Art. She is such a right-brainer! Nate Stavish is a first-year English major, and is in your walls. Naveena Koli is a first-year student in the Bachelors in Computer Applications program at Dr BMN College of Home Science, located in Mumbai, India. Saurabh (Shiv) Patel is a sophomore chemistry major. He loves making new friends each day and there is a good chance he might know you or someone from your friend circle! Quick fact check: Ask in your friend circle(s) if they heard about someone named “SHIV”? Savannah Hallett is a student collections specialist at Wilkes. Quinn Carden is a first-year English major with a minor in creative writing. Quinn loves to travel, being able to to learn about different cultures, try new foods, and visit historical landmarks. Vaishnavi Kotiyan is a first-year student in the Bachelors in Computer Applications program at Dr BMN College of Home Science, located in Mumbai, India. Ylonis Grant is a psychology and sociology student. Ylonis knows how to knit! And congratulations to the rest of our submitters! - 93 - �Manuscript would like to extend a hand in thanks to: Deb Archavage: The keystone of the English department, an icon, and the foundation of Kirby Hall. Dr. Mischelle Anthony: Manuscript advisor, Oracle of 18th century life writing, and one of the biggest supporters of the Manuscript Staff. English Faculty & Staff: A constant supply of encouragement and inspiration. The Print Shop: Always telling us when our order has been received and notifying us when it is complete and ready for pick up. The Kirby Hall Ghost: We can sense your presence and we love you. - 94 - �- 95 - �©2023 by the Wilkes University Manuscript Society. All rights reserved. - 96 - � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Wilkes Manuscript: Literary Magazine, 1947-present Subject The topic of the resource The Manuscript Society of Wilkes University has been publishing its creative written and visual art magazine, Manuscript, continuously since 1947. Currently, the student-led editorial staff publishes one issue per year, and copies are complimentary. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Wilkes Manuscript Society Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource PDFs Language A language of the resource English Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1947-2020 Description An account of the resource The Wilkes University Manuscript is a student-run literary magazine, published by the Manuscript Society since 1947. It is currently published once a year. Individuals may submit creative fiction, creative nonfiction/short personal essays, poetry, photography, drawings, paintings, digital art, and music compositions. Submissions are open to all Wilkes University students, faculty, staff, and alumni. Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Anyone can read or obtain copies of any of the material for research purposes, but if the researcher wants to quote from the materials, they will need to obtain copyright permission from the <a href="https://www.wilkes.edu/academics/colleges/arts-humanities-social-sciences/humanities/manuscript/index.aspx">Wilkes University Manuscript Society.</a> Type The nature or genre of the resource The Wilkes University Manuscript: Literary Magazine is arranged chronologically. The series ranges from 1947 – present. The magazine is currently published in the Spring only, but has previously been published seasonally, each semester. The series also includes a folder with supplemental materials from the Manuscript Film Society in the 1970s. The folders include a date range which may hold more than one issue of the magazine. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Wilkes Manuscript, 2022-2023 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource English Department Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2022-2023 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource PDF Type The nature or genre of the resource Publication https://omeka.wilkes.edu/omeka/files/original/1086542e9c313b188b97bc5243f5fac9.pdf d4613699b6e1275673edc87cc9572755 PDF Text Text e Library i’.';, Fa. The Gfen Alden Story ■■■ ARCHIVES HD 9 54^5 &5B5 INSTITUTE OF MUNICIPAL GOVERNMENT WILKES COLLEGE 1958 ��^RCHFVES FOREWORD 5' Bi Is the coal Industry dead? the coal business to stay? Is the Glen Alden Corporation in Was it the refusal by county officials to lower assessments on remote coal the sole reason behind the merger of the Glen Alden Corporation with List Industries? These are just some of the difficult questions which may remain unanswered for some time. Since the original announcement of the merger, many other developments of major import have occurred. Some developments are related to coal as a resource and part of the fuel assets of the nation. sale of anthracite. Some are concerned with marketing and Still other news will affect the tax base in many communities in Wyoming Valley, and therefore the quality of the governmental services which these municipalities render'to its residents and Industry. This paper was presented on April 22, 1958 at Wilkes College before tne Luzerne County United Community Development Conference, a newly created organization in Luzerne County which has as its general objective the study of municipal problems with a view to. ward community betterment. ST The author, Tom Bigler, as Program Director at Radio Station WILK, has been a keen student of the problems of the coal industry. He has aired many of his views on the "Editor's Page" over the same station. He is, however, one of the few commentators who has long maintained- a proper perspective of the declining anthracite industry by exhorting responsible leaders to plan for the future of the area both with caution and vision. Hugo V. Hailey Institute of Municipal Government Wilkes College 45331 �i THE GLEN ALDEN STORY Tom Bigler I It has been our purpose to look at the Glen Alden story - not so much as an entity in itself, but as it illustrates the general problem facing the anthracite industry, and our community. We all know that the industry is in parlous times. And that in contrast to the not-so-long ago when it was the base of what essentially was a one-industry ■; economy in this region, anthracite has been replaced by an industrial complex employing more people, paying more mnney, accnunting for a greater share nf our economy. Still, on the basis of figures released by the Anthracite Institute several weeks ago, it is obvious that the industry - even now - remains a most vital factor. Last year, 1957, a bad year for the industry, found organized and non-uninn anthracite producers paying out in wages 124-million dollars. This does not include salaries or executive pay, nor does it include the share in payrolls paid to transportation and suppliers and «ther supporting segments ef the economy. Some sense of perspective can be gained from the fact that it would take 55 industries the size of the Wilkes-Barre operation of Eberhard Faber to equal that 124-millions in payroll poured into our economy by the Anthracite industry last year, And those of you who have worked on the problem «f bringing new industry into this region can best appreciate the task of attempting a replacement. This is just one reason why consideration has been asked of just what sacrifices we might be willing to make to gain such new industries, and whether we ought to be willing to consider some reasonable effort on behalf of an industry already here. Well, Glen Alden's problems, generally speaking, are the same as those shared by all anthracite producers. The market has gone to pot. And it has gone to pot partly because we are in a "convenience" era. �While coal heating manufacturers may have developed automatic equipment com- parable to that utilizing other fuels, it came too late to stem the shift. Thia is not to say there is no future for anthracite, for there is. Appar­ ently the future lies in some use other than as a fuel, and we have yet to stumble on that application. In the meantime, what has been a kinetic industry, now has become one of enormous but still untapped potential. In this interim period, producers of anthracite as a fuel, are caught in a squeeze. Nine years ago, more than 72-thousand people were employed in the anthracite industry in this region. Last November, there were only 25-thousand. Production figures show a similar decline. Anthracite tonnage last year totalled 23-million tons compared with more than 28-million tons in 1956; and the all-time high of more than 100-million tons mined in 1917. In fact, anthracite production last year was the lowest since 1878. Understand, it was apparent in 1950 that the industry was in deep water and emergency procedures were instututed in an effort to halt the trend. In January of 1953, Glen Alden brought in a mining executive who had compiled a brilliant record with Anaconda Copper, Francis 0. Case, to take the corporate helm. Within a year, Mr. Case achieved a 20$ slash in overhead costs by reorganizing the com­ pany’s wholesale setup and selling its retail outlets. Sales policies were revised drastically. • Research into new uses for coal was begun and a program to rebuild demand among home owners and operators of commercial buildings got underway. By early last year, Mr. Case was able to report a 30$ reduction in mining costs, in spite of the fact that miners' wages had gone up 33$. At the same time, Mr. Case steered Glen Alden into reorganization as a corporation, and in two moves, used its assets to purchase as subsidiaries two diversified and profitable operations: Mathes Air Conditioning and Ward-La-France. As the parent company, Glen Alden could use the profits of these two firms to cushion its own losses and to provide income for further growth. year ago at this time, the future looked good. In truth, a So good that when the Maremont �proposal broke to the surface, Mr. Case and a minority of the Board went inte a successful proxy fight to prevent what was represented as an effort to grab the Glen Alden assets and leave the Anthracite operations high and dry. However, by this time Glen Alden had become a recognizable fish in the sea. While it cast about for suitable industries to nourish it’s corporate interests, the sleek fat of it's own tax potential made it attractive to other denzins. Late last Summer, List Industries moved in on the scene. As you know, List Industries bid for a block of common stock of Glen Alden Corporation, agreeing to pay a shade over the current market price for the stock, providing a certain minimum number of shares materialized. More than the minimum turned up and the end found List with 38% of Glen Alden Common, the largest single stock holder and in effect majority stock owner of Glen Alden. Now it is List that calls the tune. List Industries is a legitimate holding company, it invests for profit, and it appears that Glen Alden's attraction lay in two nearly irresistable charms; the two subsidiaries were profit makers, and the anthracite operations held a tidy tax benefits package estimated to value more than what List paid for the stock. List hardly could be expected to have the same proprietory interest in Anthracite that Glen Alden has and consequently the List management, looking at their new investment from theix- perspective, must concern themselves with either how to make the anthracite operation profitable too, or how best to get rid of it. The picture for them is not encouraging. Glen Alden payroll in 1956 - 19g million dollars, about half of what it was in 1950. Glen Alden payroll last year - 15 million dollars, a drop »f about 23% from 1956. Glen Alden employees in 1950 - 12 thousand. Glen Alden employees last November - 34 hundred-80; as many... and almost half of these were idle the last quarter of 1957. Glen Alden production in 1947 - 9 million, 335 thousand tons; in 1957- 3 million, �453 thousand tons — a two-thirds cut in ten years. Anthracite sales were off 12% in October; 30% in November. for November alone amounted to 745 thousand tons. The shrinkage Glen Alden, as of December 1st, had a quarter of a million tons of Anthracite above ground, washed, sized, polished, sitting in box oars, all dressed up and no place to go. Then there are production problems, the solution of which is beyond the industry's ability to cope. flooding is one. Glen Alden currently pumps 65 tons of water for every ton of coal brought to the surface. alone. Mine Glen spends two million dollars a year on pumping True, the Federal-State Mine Drainage program is underway to correct this problem, but Glen Alden officials estimate it will be another year before the program begins to relieve the present costly burden. It should be noted here that scare stories to the contrary, the Glen Alden agreed many weeks ago to cooperate with the State and Federal Mine Bureaus in the pumping problem. Glen Alden officials agreed to a two-year term, and could go no further for the simple fact that they do not know what their financial ability and the market will be two years fr«m now. Another problem: Anthracite must mechanize if it is to compete with other fuels, or even if it is to enter such new fields as are now possible. However, the design and development of machinery for use in any specialized field is enormously expensive. The companies now manufacturing such equipment make it for those mining operations that are large enough to assure a return on the investment. For example, the Joy Manufacturing Company has made a fine automatic coal digger and other mechanized pieces for use in the bituminous industry. But, understand, bituminous is a 500-million to 600-million ton a year industry compared with the 25-million ton Anthracite industry. Glen Alden did make a sizeable investment in attempting to secure such equipment. But the amount it could invest was nowhere near that needed to cover the research and development to adapt a soft coal digger to a hard coal digger. Their attempts failed. Another example of where mechanization is vital is in the pi’eparation »f the �coal once it has been mined. sized coal. Present methods result in a preponderance of large The industrial market demands fine sizes - Barley, No. 4 and 5. The cost of reducing large sizes to the industrial size virtually prices anthracite out of the field. Yet, a market for fine sizes of anthracite in scintering is growing, a similar advances in other metallurgical fields could increase demand. But, to meet this market, the industry must have the digging and processing machinery which it is now beyond their capabilities to develope. Another vexing problem is the growth of non-organized mining operations. The dog-hole miner, the one-shaft independent, most of them spawned by the destructive practices instituted by Philadelphia and Reading when they faced the same problem Glen Alden does now, have tended to take more and more if the available sales market. These independents pay little tax on the property they mine; wages are an unknown since they are not organized by unions; safety prac­ tices largely are ignored; royalties are unknown - in short, production runs at a far lower cost for them, giving them a tremendous advantage in sales. Their impact is indicated by the fact that last year, these non-organized independents accounted for almost one-fifth of the anthracite market. That could be the margin of survival for the organized, responsible producers. So far, these problems are common to all coal producers and become greater only as the producer is larger. But Glen Alden's unique and most glaring problem is property - it is coal poor. When the Glen Alden holdings were gathered, there was no horizon to the potentials of the industry. Glen Alden became and remains one of the largest if not the largest property estate, and mineral property. In a time of collapsing markets, rising operating costs, the tax burden has become, for Glen Alden, intolerable. In the past 7 years, the assessment of Glen Alden holdings were reduced by 25%, but each time the assessed value was reduced, the municipal millage was increased so that the total tax reduction over those seven years came to less than 10%. , . and when related to production, the tax per ton actually �Increased. Last year, Glen Alden paid approximately 50$ of all local taxes by all local anthracite producers. Specifically, on an assessed valuation of 37 million dollars, Glen Alden paid to the townships, boroughs, cities, school districts and the county, 2 million-400 thousand dollars last year. The Glen Alden has made a point that on a per ton basis it paid approximately 63i cents per ton compared with the 15'2 cents per ton average paid by the balance of the industry. However, it should be noted that there is no comparison in the holdings of Glen Alden with that of any other company and that the difference in the per ton tax load is due, largely, to the vast reserves held by Glen Alden. At any rate, under various pressures which now included a majority stock group that could and would insist that Glen Alden’s coal operations stand or fall on their own, the time came to cut bait. desperate measures. Glen Alden officials took a number of Certain operations were curtailed, employees laid off, salaries and pensions reduced drastically, and a tentative start made to sell off some of the real estate. And moved to reduce the assessments and taxes, pushed. It seems unlikely that Glen Alden officials were rOally surprised by rejection of their petition to the Luzerne County Board of Assessors. Yielding to Glen Alden's petition, a move that simply sought to transfer a problem from the Corporation to the governments, immediately would have opened the Board to demands, not only from other coal operators, but from other property owners as well. Too, consequences of a decision favorable to Glen Alden would have had such far-reaching impact in the County that the Board of Assessors would want far wider support than that inherent in their authority. Certainly such a reduction as that asked - 50$ - would hit some of our municipalities very hard, particularly those communities where lax government had come to depend on Glen Alden taxes for the bulk of their operations. However, it is apparent there arc thousands of communities in Pennsylvania that must subsist on surface property taxes. And while it is true that the nature �of our mining operations has boon such that taxable surface development has been discouraged, it seems foolish to be unwilling to examine the possibilities of shifting some of the load. Foolish because regardless of what happens, it is within the realm of the possible that many may have to do just that. presents no insuperable obstacle is proven by the Scranton Story. That it Along this same line, much has been made of tho problem that would face Hanover Township should the reductions be granted. A point might be made by examination of a table from the current Wilkes-Barre Publishing Company Almanac. Hanover Township is listed as having some 3700 taxable properties, which combined with coal properties gives the township a total valuation of more than 24 million dollars. By comparison, Nanticoke city with twice the population and yet only about 100 more taxable properties has a total valuation of about one-third that of Hanover Township. Now Hanover Term ship officials claim that any substantial reduction in Glen Alden taxes would be a disaster of the first magnitude for the Township government. Yet, in the past 5 years, Nanticoke has been paying off its bills and even accumulating a tidy surplus. What seems apparent here is that some prudent government might go a long way in making an adjustment. What is needed before the public can consider absorbing Glen Alden's burden or that of any other anthracite producer, it seems to me, is a specific plan in which the mutual problems and benefits are distributed, recognized, and accepted by those who elect our officials, as well as by the officials themselves. Such a plan should cover programs for municipal tax adjustments as well as for tho protection and utilization of properties affected, and should bo tho result of board-baso public planning. This last is imperative, of course, regardless of the future of the anthracite industry. One of tho possibilities open to Glen Aldon, in view of its particular problem, is that of placing tho firm's mineral deposits in trusteeship. Wo have been led to believe that Glen Alden officials take this proposal seriously, that it was in the process of committing a deed under which the county would receive �trusteeship under which Glen Aldon in the future would have no more right to the coal than anyone else, when it was discovered the County Commissioners would not accept it. I also have been told for the commissioners that the proposal never was made formally. However, I do remember this statement in an exchange with Mr. Case. Ho said: "I feel very strongly that the anthracite natural resources will be worth a tremendous amount to some future generation. It is a sad commentary on the present generation to realize that they are not willing to preserve such a resource." unquote. Another of the prospects faced by Glen Alden, and which caused greatest alarm to us is that of leasing its properties to independent operators. An independent operator, by virtue of his size has no interest in so conducting his operation as to have a sustained producer. He would bo interested in gaining the maximum return within the minimum time. He would have no interest in what might result to surface properties. And for the result of this method to usoable surface properties, we have only to look at Schulkill County. Two recent developments have had a claming effect as far as Glon Alden is concerned. One is the assurance of Albert List that such piecemeal disposition of property is not under consideration now. The second has been the appointment of Harry Bradbury and Harold 1,Tickey to top posts in tho coal management segment. The principle experience of both mon has boon in tho production of anthracite for marketing; hardly the sort of men one would draft to liquidate a business. The fact of thoir association with Glen Alden would indicate a determination to continue as a positive factor in tho anthracite industry. Of course, this 'does not necessarily mean that tho same scope or scalo will bo maintained. Indeed, evidence points to a considerably tightened operation. At tho very worst, this again offers tho community time in which to con- sider moves assisting the industry to adjust to market changes, and to advance tho public1s stake in its own future. �For one, wo might investigate the feasibility of accepting some of the mineral reserves to be held in trust for that future time when development of new uses and now equipment will open a whole now future for anthracite, For another, we might consider a taxing system in which the bulk of tho levies would be placed on anthracite mined, and token levies on reserves. Still another would be a system of public and private financing of a long range research pro­ gram under which new mining and processing equipment, and new uses for anthracite could be explored and developed. Somewhere between the private and public interests seems to bo the matter of protecting surface properties. For example, by giving assessment credit for coal left in place as support pillars. And we might explore other incentives to the industry that would result in protection to surface properties. On the public side of the ledger, we might consider planning municipal taxing and assessment programs in which mineral reserves play only a negligible part. Another is adoption of greatly toughened standards for surface support and liability in mining codes; stringent enforcement of comprehensive conservation practices; refill and reforestation of land despoiled by strip mining methods. Having had in the past few months, ample time to look at the prospects that would follow collapse of responsible mining activity, two general avenues seem open. To seriously consider what sort of program could be accepted that would assist the anthracite industry in this adjustment period. And paramount, to realize that in the long run, it is the utilization of surface property, careful conservation and exploitation of our resources, that determines both the poten­ tial revenue of our governments, and the economic well-being of our community. Of course, realization of most of those goals moans that someone will have to build a fire under our State Senators and Representatives, For too long a time the public interest has been ignored while the concerns of the special interests who manage to make sizeablo compaign contributions huvo boon advanced. �The past two sessions of the state legislature have soon several measures introduced that would expand the public protection and interest. In one case, the bill cloorod the House, but was watered into inanity in the Senate, another, it couldn't clear even the House. In Many constituents, we suspect, would be surprised to know what the voting record of their representatives on these issues is. In all honesty though, perhaps wo have the cart before the horse; perhaps it is the public under whom the firo needs to be built. When the public interest is clearly enough aroused that no amount of campaign contribution can overcome it, then perhaps we will get the sort of legislation wo need. At any rate, there would seem to bo large areas here in which a thorough community or regional planning program could make a vital contribution to our future. �AEDENDUM: The question was asked: yes, but what about specifics, say, readjustment of the municipal tax structure. How docs ono go about getting this done? Frankly, that is an answer for which I look to this group. Approaches readily apparent are tho Pennsylvania Econony League and thoir groat experience in studios of municipal tax structure. Then there is the Pennsylvania Citizens Association which recently held the first of a two-part Institute devoted to the problem of governmental structure and how to get it to operate on your behalf. In this realm, few organizations have had more success­ ful experience than tho League of Women Voters. It seems to mo that, theory and philosophy to tho contrary, most of our governmcnt is done by and for minorities; minorities who aro vocal, have a caso, and the devotion to persevere. Admittedly, it is a hard road. Sometimes it appears that tho legislature, whether it be the community council, the state Assembly, Congress, or the General Assembly, lags tho public. For example, before the Waster rocoss, most members of Congress wore champing at tho bit for a tax cut. Apparently their canvass of constituents at home revealed that the public desired a slow approach, wanted a tax cut loft as the last urgent measure. It is true that our municipal govern- ment seems less susceptible to public opinion. To some degree this may bo the fault of an appathotic electorate that time-after-time stay homo in enough numbers to permit well organized machines to operate without hindrance. ample of the problem "how" might bo the issue of sewage treatment. An ex­ To a small, but vocal group of us, this has seemed to be a most obvious and simple need. Over the past five years, column after column of newspaper space, and broadcast after broadcast on regional radio and television stations, wore devoted to the whole range of problems and solutions to this matter, With the exception of one i-.tvspspor, all otter tells 6™ full Bupport to creating a public climate in which the 1BBUOB would te tedorBtocd, ted hopefully, the rospoteibllltios ateeptod. �But almost without exception, municipal governments remained hostile to the propositions. Ono can sympathize with the representatives. Tho matter of heavy investments and added assessments arc never "popular". And in spite of the most earnest approach to public education, there was no public clamor for such improvements, This seems to indicate an area worth examination. public? How do you get an aroused It seems that an enlightened and aroused public will bo fundamental to any valid rehabilitation program our community undertakes. 45331 �■ • ■- * - J • ' . ■ 14» .:■■;■'• I'Hc; . �HMM 1000151560 HILKES COLLEGE 1 FBRARY �Wilkes College Library Wilkes-Sarre, Pa. � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Series VI of the Hugo Mailey papers: The Institute of Municipal Government and Institute for Regional Affairs publications, 1958-1980 Description An account of the resource Series VI: The Institute of Municipal Government and the Institute for Regional Affairs publications, 1958-1980, is arranged chronologically by publication date and contains annual reports, surveys, conference meetings, proceedings, inventories, and statistics on Wyoming Valley municipalities, institutions, and companies such as the Wyoming Valley Sanitary Authority and the Copley-Whitehall Sewer Company. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Institute of Municipal Government and Institute for Regional Affairs Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1958-1980 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Wilkes University retains copyright of these publications. Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource PDF Type The nature or genre of the resource Publications Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource The Glen Alden Story, 1958 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Institute of Municipal Government Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1958 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource PDF Type The nature or genre of the resource Publication Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Wilkes University retains copyright of this publication. https://omeka.wilkes.edu/omeka/files/original/2a5ca924faed5a3a3ad1d7a6a43482b0.pdf b638b905d6f1119eb67805ce0172bd2e PDF Text Text WO TRAFFIC LECTURES APQHfVfi S HE5.T0 WGdZ INSTITUTE of MUNICIPAL GOVERNMENT WILKES COLLEGE 1958 LIBRARY ��CHWB W (o % £ FORE7VARD No one problem looms larger today in the eyes of our citi­ zenry than does the regulation, enforcement and study of traffic. While the marvels of science with its forecasted flights into space headline the front pages of our papers and capture the fervor and imagination of young and old, so too, do the every day reports of traffic tragedies instill in all of us the immensity of the problem the automobile presents along with its recognized convenience and position in our nation's economy. You who are right in the scene in daily contact with directing and enforcing traffic are more aware than others of the major proportions the problems of traffic safety have assumed. Judging entirely by my own personal observations and by the reports that come in to me at the Wyoming Valley Motor Club, I know that the police of our communities are doing a magnificent job handling traf­ fic that has outstripped the engineering and design of our city streets and local highways. Certainly, ten or twenty years from now our roadways will be better designed and constructed to care for this great traffic flow but, in the meantime, any alleviation of the problem, any decreases in our spiraling traffic tragedies directly in your capable hands. To help you help us, Wilkes College's Institute of Municipal Government have presented these five lectures on traffic safety and its attainment. I know you will find these lectures helpful to you in your daily work and, at the same time, they will impart a full appreciation of what a vital role you have assumed in your chosen careers. Personally, one of the basic premises I've operated on all my life has been the fact that if you have a dollar, and I have a dollar and we exchange dollars, we still each have a dollar. However, if you have an idea and I have an idea and we exchange ideas, we both have two ideas. In the same way, your attendance at this eeries^of lectures will give you new methods and new ideas of how to help us from becoming traffic accident statistics. I sincerely believe it will make you even finer officers than I already know you to be. ANDREW J. SORDONI President Wyoming Valley Motor Club 58786 �DIRECTING TRAFFIC FLOW Clark E."McClelland Gentlemen, I do not need to go into a long discussion in the seriousness of the traffic situation as it exists today-- and as it will in­ crease in seriousness. Forty thousand persons killed on our streets and highways in one year'. This, plus the number of seriously injured, is almost unbelieveable. This, in a country that is wrought up to its present pitch over the fact that another country may get to the moon before we do'. We are ready to spend any amount to accomplish this feat, and justifiably so, in the world picture. Yet, we cannot assure our citizens that they can drive to • and from their jobs without exposing themselves to possible fatal accidents every day. Our streets and highways should be made as safe as outer space'. To be effective, any program of traffic control and accident prevention must have EDS added. This additive, nebulous and intangible as some of the ingredients of modern merchandise, is very real. It can be seen and felt in every successful traffic program. For a better view of EDS let us develop the traffic problem in several of its aspects; Fundamental approaches to the problem are through the wellknown avenues of education, engineering and enforcement. The degree to which these fundamentals are effective depends upon the soundness and logic of the methods used, the ingenuity with which devices are applied, and the acceptability of procedures to the public. The objective of traffic engineering is to provide the best func­ tional use of existing roadways with a reasonable balance between safety and movement. Also, to plan routes and functional design for new streets and highways. The objective of the traffic safety educator is to bring about voluntary compliance with regulations applied to the use of streets and highways through educational and advertising techniques for masses, spe­ cific groups and individuals. The objective of the police is to aid in the function of the streets and highways by manual assistance at intersections and through parking control -- and to gain widespread voluntary compliance through enforce­ ment of regulations, for safe operation of motor vehicle transportation. �A fourth element is the courts and prosecutors. Our courts to a large degree regulate the effectiveness of our enforcement program. However intelligently and diligently enforcement is applied, a judge or prosecutor not sincerely interested in the traffic problem nan defeat the best enforcement effort devised. None of these areas of control can have a maximum effect without the aid of the others. All must coordinate their efforts in har­ mony toward a common goal. All must be fortified with E.D.S. First of all, the police should examine the need for traffic offi­ cers in the smooth and efficient movement of vehicles and in parking con­ trol. Where -- when-- and how much? That should dictate the number of officers necessary to give adequate assistance to traffic. Nothing brings public criticism more quickly or more vehemently than inadequate and inefficient police handling of traffic. Conversely, nothing is appreciated more, or brings quicker enthusiastic commendation to an officer and his department than an efficient, well-trained traffic officer of material assi­ stance in stimulating a rapid flow of traffic through an intersection. Ui Io I T The same attitude of the public exists as to parking control. Parking limitations and restrictions are accepted in good grace if en­ forced rigidly, impartially and fairly. Better to have no parking restric­ tions than to have them without requiring people to obey them. It is ridi­ culous to have two -hour limits and let cars park all day; or to have "tow­ in" zones and never tow a car in, or to have no parking zones and let cars occupy them. Lax enforcement destroys the respect for police and under­ mines the rest of the traffic program. No department can be adequately effective without properly trained men. The greatest economic waste that any city experiences is hiring inexperienced men, expecting them to learn to be policemen through contact with other policemen and the public. They may eventual­ ly become officers, but only after much inefficiency. Often they end up with disastrous results, to themselves and to the public. Formal class­ room training will not make an officer without experience, but neither will experience without training produce a top-flight policeman. Because ex­ perienced police officers are usually not available for hiring it is neces­ sary to train the rookies we hire, if we expect to get the best from them. Enforcement is at best a deterrent, not a compeller. There can never be enough enforcement to compel society to obey. In its broad­ est concept, enforcement is educational. In only a minority of cases is it intended as punishment. It is intended to convert the driver to better driving habits and to furnish an example to others. Enforcement is not necessarily arresting the driver. It may merely be the presence of an offi- �cer for psychological effect, an admonition or written warning. Accident reports resulting from police accident investigation could be put to use by many individuals and groups; insurance companies, attorneys, advertisers and many industries, but these uses are not the purposes of accident investigation for the law enforcement officer. Even prosecution resulting from the investigation is of secondary concern. The principal purpose of investigating accidents is to provide quantities of valid factual data upon which to base a logical and effective enforcement program. That program is one of selective enforcement aimed at cause, time, place, and group. For the educator such statistics direct his efforts in the same way in the proper direction. For the engineer such data fur­ nish the nucleus for safety engineering on existing roadways. They help him resist demands for engineering in places it is not needed. Such data takes the guess work out of planning for all phases of traffic and safety c ontr ol. However well-planned an enforcement program may be, it must be acceptable to a majority of the community. It is wise to remember that ours is a government of the people --- God forbid ever of the police, by the police, and for the police. This is not to say that the public will not accept enforcement of the law; for they will. Yet the degree of acceptance is based on the reasonableness of the law and the reasonableness of the police. Even a well-planned enforcement program, properly advertised and supported, can fail to obtain widespread voluntary compliance, if en­ forcement is seen to be inconsistent. Jncronsistencies can only be avoided by clearly defined policies of a police administrator. When weaslt our­ selves what degree of tolerance should be given in various types of viola­ tions, we can summon to mind many degrees of tolerance and support each with a valid reason. Yet, however valid the reason for tolerance, the DEGREES of it differ among individuals. Should a tolerance on speed be one mile over the limit, or five miles, or ten miles — or should no tolerance be shown? If this decision is left to the individual officer, a wide variation in enforcement can frus­ trate the motorist. When a driver five miles over the speed limit finds his excess "tolerated" in one section of a city or state, and receives a traffic summons for the same degree of violation in another section, he feels he has been : unjustly arrested. He cannot know what is expected of him. I believe in a realistic freedom, I don't believe in putting up a sign that says 35 on a four land divided highway and allowing the traffic to �move 45 miles an hour and turn my back. To me that sign means nothing. A speed zone must be realistic. Tolerance must be in instruments, not in lax enforcement. Most cities have streets poorly arranged for today's heavy traffic. Many small towns with public squares are traffic monstrosities, and some large cities have intersections where three or more streets come together, or where two streets merge instead of bisecting. Such conditions make it virtually impossible to equalize the flow of traffic with signal systems. Engineers do an outstanding job with what they have to work with, hut many situations cannot be solved without costly changes in both streets and intersections. The more prevalent these conditions in a city, the greater the need for police assistance. When police ignore the conditions, a cry from the public for assistance invariably results. Gratifying, police and engin­ eers ingeniously use traffic cones, portable signs and signals and public address systems on police vehicles to get the best movement on thorough­ fares during peak hours. • .i Proper manuel control of intersections requires training. Uni­ formity of hand signals and clear, understandable signals come through training and understanding the driver's visual problems. Training affords an understanding of the need for equalizing the flow from different direc­ tions and the coordination of flow between movements. Many of our colleges and universities are offering such training through extension of services. Wise police administrators make such courses available to their men. We cannot emphasize too greatly the importance of close liai­ son between the traffic engineer and the police. While the police would not be expected to contribute too greatly in the matter of technical engineering know-how, the data that is collected by the police department is the traffic engineers' most valuable source of information. In turn, the police can, and should, depend upon the engineer to furnish advice and information to assist them in the basic functions of accident investigation, directing traffic and enforcing traffic laws. Such interchange of information can re­ sult in a smooth, well-planned program. While the police, as we stated, cannot offer too much in a techni­ cal plane relating to design or installation of facilities, the police should develop an understanding of such maters and have the opportunity to review plans before an actual installation is made. The engineer with all his techni­ cal qualifications may still overlook some factor having an important bearing on police work. The police will be required to patrol and enforce laws, and if the proposed facility will create unusual or difficult problems for the police it is better to recognize and discuss them before the facility -4- �is installed than to wait until the problem becomes acute. Interdependency of the police and traffic engineer shows up most conspicuously in the realm of mechanical installations and mainten­ ance. Parking meters which are out of order, signs which are down or not legible, curb markings faded, worn away channel stripes, pose un­ necessary burdens on the police. Not only is supervision over such run­ down facilities hampered, but the public interprets the limited action of the police as a general let-down in supervision and enforcement. Another important police function in a traffic control and traffic safety program lies in the field of education. In some large cities, depart­ ments of Traffic Safety Education have been created in the city government. In all such cases the police take an important role in safety education in liaison with such departments. If no such special department exists, the police should not miss the -cppixrtunity to carry on such a program from their own department. For the promotion of educational programs, men should be carefully selected. Officers who take part in these programs should be thoroughly acquainted with the traffic problem and the objectives of the en­ forcement program. They should possess godd personality; be pleasant, firm, conduct themselves with dignity, and carry themselves well. They should be sincerely dedicated to their job. Their sincerity and dedication should be apparent in their .enthusiasm to put over the program. A good safety education program not only sells traffic safety but as a by-product it sells the police'. Perhaps now is the time to talk about the E.D.S. -- "an essen­ tial ingredient of our product." E.D.S. is an old as time. It is elusive as a rainbow and can come and go as quickly. Being a law enforcement officer is like teaching, nursing, social work and several other professions -- a public service. The honest law enforcement officer has no prospect of appreciable dollar-gain or of fame and fortune. He has only the satisfaction of rendering of service, that warming satisfaction of being helpful to someone, the gratification that comes from a job -well done. Any program of traffic control becomes effective only through a personal, enthusiastic for accomplishment, dedicated to an ideal, and sincere in effort. However logical the enforcement procedure, however, wellplanned the traffic control program and highly .organized the department, -5- ��DRUNKEN DRIVERS Dr. John M. Williams Before discussing some of the effects of alcohol on the body, I feel that it is essential to define the condition of alcoholism. Therefore, I offer you my definition of alcoholism. Alcoholism is a chronic • progres­ sive incurable disease which is characterized by an abnormal reaction to the ingestion of alcohol. The abnormal reaction is usually described as uncontrollable drinking. With this definition is mind, let us talk about some of the common effects of alcohol on the human body. In all people who drink alcohol, the following maybe true, whether alcoholic or not: In considering the effects of alcohol on the body, it is convenient to consider its effect upon the various systems of the body. (1) The effect of alcohol on the gastro-intestinal system: When Ethyl alcohol is ingested, the first effect of alcohol is on the mucuous membranes of the oral cavity, stomach, and the intestines. If alcohol were not absorbed from the digestive tube the local effect of the al­ cohol upon the tube would be its only effect, and there would be no problem of alcoholism. However, about 20% of the alcohol is absorbed directly from the stomach and the remaining 80% from the first three or four feet from the intestinal tract. The rapid absorption of alc.ohol from the stomach and the first few feet of the intestinal accounts for its rapid systemic effects. Alcohol in a concentration of 7% will stimulate the stomach to secrete its digestive juices. It is on this basis that a small amount of alco­ hol taken with some substance to disguise the taste of the alcohol has a stimulating effect on the glands of the stomach. On the other hand, concen­ trations of 10 or 20% or greater, especially above 20%, there is a tremen­ dous inhibition of the secretory action of the stomach. Not only is there in­ hibition, but if one ingests distilled liquors of from 40 to 50% without dilution, they may eventually cause severe inflammation of the mucuous membrane lining of the stomach and the intestines. Thus acute alcoholic gastritis is a very common condition which results from the ingestion of large quantities of highly concentrated alcohol. (2) The effect of alcohol on the nervous system: The effect of alcohol on the nervous system is extremely import­ ant because so many features of the acutely intoxicated person are a re­ sult of the embarassment produced to the nervous system. Alcohol is a continuously acting depressant of the nervous system. The brain centers of higher intellectual activity and those concerned with emotions and personality appear to be depressed with the smallest concen­ tration of alcohol. Thus, the initial symptoms are those which result from the depression of the centers concerned with worry, anxiety; and there appears a feeling of expansiveness, exhiliration, vivaciousness, loss of in­ hibition. As a result, the individual frequently feels lifted up. Hence, al­ cohol is often wrongly felt to be a stimulant. Actually, it depresses, and a �sense of fatigue, worry, and inhibitions are depressed from the field of consciousness. As the concentration of the alcohol rises other segments of the brain are effected. Next, the motor centers of the cerebrum and the cere­ bellum which are the parts concerned with the coordinated movements are depressed with result that all movement becomes progressively incoordin­ ated, and reflex movements are significantly slowed. Third, as the con­ centration of the alcohol continues to rise in the nervous system, neurologi­ cal centers in the mid-brain which control eye movements are effected which result in the limitation of eye movement and the glazed eye appear­ ance. Simultaneously the greater alcoholic concentration has depressed the forebrain centers to the point of marked interference with coordination of muscles of articulation, and speech may be markedly incoordinated as well as irrational and the staggering gait of alcoholism increases until ambula­ tion finally becomes impossible and the individual lies down in an alcoholic stupor. If a large quantity of alcohol has been consumed immediately prior to the stage of helplessness, concentrations of alcohol may continue to rise to the level of 50% to 60% and so depress the respiratory and heart centers in the hind--brain until their activity stops and death occurs. (3) The effect of alcohol on the reproductive system: The fallacies and fables extant regarding the effect of alcohol upon the reproductive system are legend because of the primary depressant action of alcohol upon the higher centers concerned with the maintenance of social inhibitions are lost to some extent even with the ingestion of small quantities of alcohol. The individual released from inhibitions may, there­ fore, indulge in conduct which would never occur without the suppression of inhibitions by alcohol. This action of alcohol upon the nervous system has led to the belief that alcohol stimulates sexual desire directly. Such a be­ lief is erroneous. However, in mild intoxication, sexual activity may occur from loss of inhibition of taboos. As the concentration of the alcohol increases the ability to perform the sex act sucessfully progressively decreases. The numerous erroneous opinions that alcohol itself causes blindness, prema­ turity, insanity, stillbirth of the fetus are untenable. Another fallaceous belief widely extant concerns the effect of alcohol upon children conceived while one or both partners are mildly in­ toxicated or alcohol upon the developing embryo and fetus as a result of the ingestion of alcohol during pregnancy. There is no evidence to indicate that alcohol acts any different upon the fetus than upon the mother. Alcoholic mothers usually consume alcohol rather than an adequate diet of nutritious food, and some of these effects are due to the malnutrition of the fetus. Also, alcoholic mothers are more prone to infection, more frequently have veneral disease, suffer from trauma before and during childbirth, and are more likely to live in unhygienic surroundings. Likewise, alcoholic parents generally do not provide proper socio­ economic environments for their children. It is this combination of all these �■ r •J . <’• V. •. i’ J A >b ■ secondary effects of alcohol which accounts for the greater rates of still­ births and defective children born to alcoholic parents. Briefly with reference to the other systems of the body we may say that alcohol has no significant effect upon the respiratory system until very high concentrations of alcohol are consumed at which time the respira­ tions become very slow and deep and may finally cease. The effect of alcohol upon the cardio-vascular system, that is the heart and blood vessels, is not significantly altered either until high levels of blood alcohol are obtained. Tnen there occurs a progressive slowing of the heart as the vital centers of the brain are depressed until finally the heart may stop. The effect of alcohol upon the excretory system indicates that alcohol may stimulate kidneys to increase the output of urine, but this effect is not marked. The effect of alcohol upon the muscular system indicates that muscles are not significantly effected until extreme high concentrations of alcohol exists. The incoordination seen as has been mentioned before is at­ tributed to the effect of this drug upon the nervous system. The effect of alcohol upon the skeletal system is unknown. In other words the effects that have been described here would be true in all people who drink. However, the effect of alcoholic beverages on suscepti­ ble people may be considered a moot question since it is not understood as to what makes certain individuals more susceptible to the toxic effects of alcohol than others. In other words, we are not sure if it is just pure­ ly over sensitiveness upon the part of the body of an alcoholic to alcohol beverage or if there are certain psychological defects in the individual which renders him more susceptible or perhaps both the purely physical drug and psychological problems may render the individual more susceptible to al­ cohol. Ideally, an iron clad case of intoxication should provide the following type of data to the police officers; (1) Proof of alcohol consumption. (2) Alcohol blood level of 1.15% or greater at the material time in question. (3) Physical and mental exam­ inations by physicians in which all or a combination of signs and symptoms are present. With exclusion of all pathological conditions which may cause similar signs and symptoms. Combinations of the following signs and symptoms are usually found in intoxicated individuals: (1) Either furry tongue or excessive salivation. (2) Irregular behavior, locquacity, excite­ ment, or sullenness or ill temper, lethargy to coma. (3) Suffusion of the conjunctiva. (4) Pupillary reactions - variable from extreme dilation to con­ traction - equal or unequal. (5) Loss or confusion of memory. (6) Hesitancy and thickness of speech. (7) Tremors or errors in incoordination. In examining the patient the police officer should realize that superimposed upon the effect of alcohol there may be shock of trauma and -9- �anxiety of the situation which may also have an effect upon the suspect's behavior and performance. There is considerable variation in the amount of alcohol required to produce death in both men and animals. In general, it may be said that when the blood alcohol level exceeds 500 mgm per 100 cc of blood the individual is either unconscious or dead. Errors of technique and judgment can be made in all these evaluations. There is wide­ spread impression in the public mind that a scientific test in infallible. How­ ever, it should be realized that every measurement made by man has a quantum of error in it, and the results may be too high or too low. How about tests to determine whether a person is drunk? How scientific are they? About 10 or 12 tests are recognized which would give you the suggestion that no one alone is too good. Blood level test of 1.15% is felt to be a blood concentration that makes a person intoxicated. The balloon test is not meeting with too much favor just now. In general, I would say the test is not better than the laboratory that does it. The quantum of error can be very large. Two different people can get two different results. The decision as to whether a person is intoxi­ cated would have to be based on a composite of tests, the blood test is the most universally accepted. Now before discussing the type of individual we treat and see in our clinic I thought it might be of interest to you to consider some of the public health implications of the problem of alcoholism. It is not easy to discover the number of cases of any illness particularly one like alcoholism which is not a disease reportable to Public Health Authorities, and it is a disease which, unfortunately, is still general­ ly considered to be a reflection upon the family and hidden in an effort to avoid disclosure. Likewise, the boundary line between the state of health and excessive alcoholic beverage ingestions is frequently quite fuzzy. For these reasons, it is particularly difficult to establish the incidence of chronic alcoholism. In the past century, the consumption of malt beverages and wine has increased and distilled liquors has decreased. In the United States, it has been estimated that from a total population of drinking age of 100,000,000 there are 60,000,000 who consume alcohblic beverages, 3,900,000 alco­ holics, and 750,000 chronic alcoholics. The rate of alcoholism is 3,952 male alcoholics and l.,24S female alcoholics per 100,000 adult population. Thus alcoholism is nearly foui- times as men as in women. With such a large proportion of the population drinking alcoholic beveragesit is not suprising that large sums of money are spent for these beverages. Over nine billion dollars annually are spent for alcoholic beverages. - 10- �Approximately 4,1% of the personal consumption expenditures are spent for alcohol, only 4.9% for medical care, and 5.3% for recreation. The direct cost of the alcoholic beverage comprises only a part of the money spent; for vast sums of money are spent by the alcoholic, his family, friends, and from the public funds to pay for property damage and injury and loss of life due to the actions of intoxicated persons. It has been estimated that Ithese indirect costs contributable to alcoholism total nearly three quarters of a billion dollars and include over four million dollars annual loss in wages, one hundred and eight billion dollars loss in crime and eighty nine million dollars loss from accidents. These costs do not include those very important tangible losses which occur from alcoholism such as divorce, unhappy families, and loss of friendship, untold personal misery and suffering on which no money value can be placed. Since the type of persons likely to come under the supervision of the police officer are most probably chronic alcoholics, at our clinic at the Philadelphia General Hospital we have divided our chronic alcoholics into three groups: First groups is the patient who has classical or uncom­ plicated alcoholism. Second group is the person whose alcohol picture is secondary to some underlying psychotic emotional or personality situation. The Third group is the homeless man and skidrow type of alcoholic. I The first group is composed of individuals who have apparently gone along for many years without any difficulty due to alcohol and either insiduously or suddenly they exhibit what is often known'as the alcoholic reaction. These are the people, who as a rule, do well with a great deal of support from their families, Alcoholics Anonymous, their wives or some other member of the family, and other patients in order to be sure that the proper understanding exists. This type of alcoholic is the one we refer to as the classical alcoholic. ■ . The second group, or secondary alcoholic, is composed of in­ dividuals in whom their alcoholism is complicated by the fact that they are psychotic, an emotional or personality disturbance that requires psychia­ tric care. Here it behooves the general practitioner to see that this patient is brought to clinical psychiatry. This is not, however, .the end of the therupeutic regime because these patients exhibit the same compulsive drinking as primary or classical group. It is obvious that complete absti­ nence has to be the rule here as well as with the first group. Psychiatry, alone, cannot help the alcoholic return to normal drinking because of the metabolic changes that have taken place even if the emotional, psychotic disturbance is overcome. > When a person is hallucinating, then you are dealing with a -11- �chronically sick person. We at Philadelphia General do not use barbituates but the ameliorating pills. It usually takes two weeks or so to recover from hallucinations. We don't use morphines but tranquillizers now. Hypnosis is sometimes used. However, it has not generally been effective. The experience has been that those who have been alcoholics can't go back to moderate drinking. If this type of person is found in a coma-like state, you are ob­ liged to take him to a hospital diagnose to determine his condition - to the emergency section of the hospital and let a doctor decide what is the cause of the stupor-like condition. It would be dangerous actually to take him to jail. This may be a case where he may or may not be an alcoholic. If he is an alcoholic, then take him to the jailhouse after examination. I: il I The third group of patients are those who are rarely seen by a general practitioner and is composed primarily of homeless men or the socalled skidrow individual or bottle gangers. Here the problem is primarily a socio-economic one although it may depend upon primary or secondary alcoholism as well. Here we have a group of people who for any one of many reasons (alcoholism, psychic, personality problems, physical disabilities, severe emotional problems, etc.) have turned their back on what we call normal society and have chosen to live is a social system in which drinking is a necessary and integral part. They have a very dependent existance but no thought of personal appearance, cleanliness or any of the so-called luxuries of life. They exist at the expense of society and are no way amenable to any type of treatment without first going through a period of long term rehabilitatory institutionalization. I feel that this group of people cannot be treated adequately in the office of the general practitioner. How about the rumbunctious individual who can't be handled? Pretty belligerent? Treat him like an incorrigible child if that is what he is. He may need discipline. Handle him positively. Don't water down the treatment. How about the person who is "out for the night? " Approach him like you would a normal individual. He is not an alcoholic? Most drunken drivers are not chronic alcoholics. Most of our alcoholics are passive, depeendent like people who have to be treated like children. There may be loss of memory preceding some blackout, but they should be treated like children, and skillfully. Don't pull out the black jack. You must understand their illness, but don't water down the treatment. hi conclusion, let me say that we are ever encouraged by the -12- �increased interest of the public at large to this problem and with the con­ tinued support of (1) the police force, (2) the judicial system, (3) the medi­ cal profession, (4) Alcoholics Anonymous, founded in 1935, (5) families of alcoholics, that much will be accomplished in the future. Dr. John M. Williams, M.D., has been associated with the Philadelphia General Hospi­ tal for the past two years. Dr. Williams received his medical degree from the Ohio State University in 1950. Prior to attendance there he was a student a the University of Southern California. The doctor has done advanced study at the Harlem Hospital, New York City; Norwich State Hospital, Norwich, Conn, and the Child Memorial Guidance Clinic of Richmond, Virginia prior to associating himself with the Alcoholism Unit at the Philadelphia General Hospital. Doctor Williams is also associated with the Philadelphia Public Schools and the Pa. State Tuberculosis Hospital in Phila. In addition, he is engaged in the private practice of medicine. -13- I �SUSPENSIONS AND REVOCATIONS OF LICENSES John Simonetta, Esq, I deem it a pleasure, and I am very happy to have this opportunity to speak to you this evening on a topic of great concern to all, i. e,, the problem of highway safety. It is most important that your enforcement officers be familiar with the procedure used by the Bureau of Highway Safety in the suspension and revocation of an operator’s license. Before starting on my topic, I would like to give a little background on the prior system used in the suspension of licenses. Before February of 1956, there was no organized system of suspending licenses. Any motorist who was arrested and convicted for exceeding the lawful speed limit received a ninety-day suspension of his license. 11 sI In effect, at that time, was the restricted license for "employment purposes only". If a person had his license suspended and knew someone, he could very easily obtain a restricted license. In addition, the Courts frowned on this arbitrary ninety-day suspen­ sion, and as a result, the majority of suspensions, which were appealed, were reversed by the Courts, The problem of highway safety is of great concern in Pennsylvania and throughout the Country. You are all aware of the thousands of people killed on our highways every year. Accidents do not just happen; they are caused by the careless and reckless opera­ tion of motor vehicles by human beings. In an effort to make our highways as safe as may be humanly possible, Governor Leader instructed the Justice Department to work out a workable system of license suspensions. A new system was effected in February of 1956. A copy of this new system of graduated penalties was mailed to every applicant with the 1957 license application. Many telegrams and letters from citizens and from directors of motor clubs, safety bureaus, and associations were received in the Governor's office—all stating approval of Pennsylvania's new system of license suspension penalties. This system of graduated penalties is aimed at the "repeater" who is the real problem in enforcing our Motor Vehicle Code. The restricted license has been abolished. A record is maintained of all violations, and these will be counted for penalties within a period of -14- V �three years in accordance with the schedule of graduated penalties. Warnings and license suspensions, of course, can be in addition to such fines or other penalties as the law may provide. Along with its severities toward the h.abitual offender and the irresponsible driver, this system allows due consideration for the careful and otherwise law-abiding citizen who may be guilty of unintentional violations which bring only a "warning" are made part of the driver's permanent record and will count toward license suspension should other violations occur. I Prior to 1956, the suspension of a license was not being performed in an equitable manner. In a majority of cases, only people who were arrested by the Pennsylvania State Police received a suspension of their license. All magistrates are required, under Secton 1206 of the Motor Vehicle Code, to make a report of the dis­ position of all violations to the Department of Revenue not later than the tenth day of the following month. A check of our records revealed that the magistrates were not complying with Section 1206, and as a result, motorists who were arrested by local police, only paid a fine and never received a suspension. In order to correct this injustice, a letter was sent to every magistrate in Pennsylvania, informing them of their duty to send reports to the Bureau of Highway Safety. Since these letters were mailed, we have been receiving wonderful co-operation from most of the magistrates; however, there is still that small min­ ority who feel that they are above the law, and do not have to comply. We have, at the present time, Information Specialists who are covering talks on highways safety. In addition, they are checking on the mag­ istrates who are failing to submit reports. A motorist's license can be suspended or revoked for any of the following reasons ; That such person has committed any violation of the motor vehicle or tractor laws of this Commonwealth. 2. That such person has committed a violation of the Motor Vehicle Code which resulted in a mot­ or vehicle accident. 3. Tha,t such person is incompetent to operate a motor vehicle or tractor, or is afflicted with mental or physical infirmities or disabilities rendering it unsafe for such person to operate a motor 1. -15- I JJ �vehicle or tractor on the highways. 4. Section 614--Mandatory Revocation of Operation Privileges. 5. Failure to comply with the Pennsylvania Safety Responsibility Act. 6. Reciprocity with the other States. After a person is arrested and convicted of a violation of the Motor Vehicle Code, a certified report of the disposition of the conviction is submitted! to the Bureau of Highway Safety. Upon receipt of these certifications, a check is made in our Central Files to determine whether the violator has a prior record--if he has a record, this new violation is placedlin his file. If he has no record, a file is created. Section 615 of the Motor Vehicle Code gives the Secretary of Revenue the authority to suspend a license upon sufficient evidence. However, before this could be done, the person must be advised of his right to request a Departmental hearing. After the file is reviewed, the Hearing Division notifies the individual of his violation and advises him that before any action is taken, he has a right to request a hearing. If a hearing is requested, the person is notified as to the time and place of the hearing, and his file is forwarded to the Hearing Lxaminer. At the present time, we have twenty-five Hearing Examiners located throughout the State, and the hearings are scheduled in the person's home county. Departmental hearings are of a quasi-judicial nature and are held to determine whether or not a person's license should be suspended. The hearings are recorded, and the record is returned to the Bureau for a final review. The review is conducted by a Board of Review, and the decision of the Board is final. A person's license can also be suspended as a result of a motor vehicle accident. Section 1214 of the Motor Vehicle Code imposes as a duty to report certain accidents. This Section is as follows: "(a) The operator of any motor vehicle, involved in an accident resulting in bodily injury or death to any person or damage to the property of any person in excess of one hundred dollars (100) shall, within twenty-four (24) hours, forward - 16 - �• a report of such accidents to the department, upon forms furnished by the department. If the operator is physically incapable, as a result of the accident, ‘it phallibe the duty of any other participant in the accident, who is not incapacitated as the result of the accident, to forward such report." When the accident reports are received, they are carefully reviewed to determine whether a violation has been committed. If so, the persons .. are cited to appear for a hearing, and the same procedure is followed as mentioned for violations . Whenever we receive evidence that a person is afflicted with a mental or physical infirmity or disability, his license is suspended and not restored until sufficient medical proof is sub­ mitted, indicating that the person is competent to safely operate a motor vehicle. The licenses of all people who are admitted to mental institutions, are taken and sent to the Bureau. In the majority of cases of suspensions for incompetency, the person must take a re-examination before his license is restored. Section 614 of the Motor Vehicle Code, which reads as follows: "(a) Upon receiving a certified record, from the clerk of the court, of proceedings in which a person pleaded guilty, entered a plea of nolo contendere; or wasfound'guilty by a judge or jury, of any. 6f thfe crimes enumerated in thia section, the secretary shall forthwith revoke, for a period of one (1) year from the date of revocation, the operating privilege of any such person, and where such where such person was convicted, or entered a plea of guilty or nolo contendere, of any one of the crimes enumerated in clauses (1), (2), (3), and (4) of this section, such operating privilege shall not be restored , unless and until the fine and costs, imposed in such cases, have been fully paid. The clerk of the courts shall, when such fine and costs ’ . have been paid in any such case, certify such fact to the Department of Revenue. 1. Operating a motor vehicle or tractor while under the influence of intoxicating liquor, or any narcotic -17- �or habit forming drug, or permitting any person, who may be under the influence of intoxicating liquor or narcotic or habit producing drug, to operate any motor vehicle or tractor owned by him or in his custody or control. 2. Unlawful possession or sale of narcotics. 3. Any crime punishable as a felony under the motor vehicle or tractor laws of this Commonwealth, or any felony in the commission of which a motor vehicle or tractor is used. 4. Conviction of an operator of a motor vehicle or tractor involved in an accident, resulting in injury or death to any person or damage to property, upon the charge of failing to stop and render assistance or disclose his . identity at the scene of the accident." makes it mandatory for the Secretary of Revenue to revoke for one year the operating privileges of the person involved. This is a man­ datory provision of the law and there is no discretion vested in the Sec­ retary of Revenue to alter or change this penalty. Section 615-B-C of the Motor Vehicle Code gives the Sec­ retary of Revenue authority to suspend a Pennsylvania resident"s license for a violation committed in another State. Whenever we receive a certified report of a conviction from a foreign State, and that violation would call for a suspension if committed in Pennsylvania, the same procedure is used to suspend the violator's license. Apcr son's motor vehicle privileges can also be suspended for failure to comply, with the Pennsylvania Safety Responsibility Act, This Act is very difficult to administer, simply because it does not follow the normal concept of fault liability. Pennsylvania does not have in effect compulsory insurance; however, if a person is involved in a reportable acciden t and does not’have liability insurance, he must comply with this Act or suffer suspension of his operating and/or registration privileges. In adninistering this Act, it is not the function of the Financial Respons­ ibility Division to determine who was at fault. If a person does not have liability insurance, he becomes subject to the Act, whether or not he is at fault or not. The purpose of this Act is to rid our highways of irresponsible motorists, , -18- �The evaluation of a case, or setting of the amount of security called for from each operator and/or owner who has not complied with the Safety Responsibility Law, is a most important assignment, and one which must be accomplished with sound judgment after a thorough review of the case file. The purposes and functions of the Evaluation Unit are: 1. To make certain all cases are accounted for and that some disposition is made of each case, i.e,, either process into a case or close it and mark file "no action". 2. To review reports of accidents and supplemental data, and determine the amount of security to be deposited by the uninsured operator and/or owner. 3. To establish the exact date of suspension. I •ooiqisj In order to determine that no action will be taken, the evaluator reviews the cases for the following: 1. Insurance verification, 2. Security deposit. 3. Release from liability, 4. Adjudication of non-liability, 5. Evidence that vehicle was legally parked, 6. Evidence of a duly acknowledged written agreement to pay an agreed amount in installments, and 7. Receipt of any other form of satisfactory evidence as provided by the Act. In the process, the validity and sufficiency of documents are verified by the following procedures: 1. Insurance verification—every Accident Report Form has attached an SR-21 Form (Insurance Declaration Stub), which must be answered giving name of insur­ ance carrier, etc. These forms are checked for complete­ ness and accuracy and sent to the insurance carriers indicated for verification of coverage. The SR-21 Forms are to be returmed within fifteen days, with the verification indicated. If the person had no insur­ ance, or the insurance policy does not meet the req­ uirements of the law, this information should also be indicated, 2. Where security deposit has been made, the amount -19- �is examined to assure that it is the exact amount that had been evaluated. Releases from liability are examined to determine that: 1, They are executed in favor of the proper person persons, 2, They are executed by owner of damaged property and damaged persons. An adjudication of non-liability must be in the- form of an abstract of final judgment from a court of competent jurisdiction, and it must be determined that time for appeal has expired. I. I Copies of agreements to pay in installments must be in order and signed by all persons concerned. I To determine whether a vehicle is legally parked, an affidavit is requested from the person in which he must depose and say that his vehicle was not in motion; the motor was not run­ ning, and that he was parked off the highway and at the curb. Mere­ ly stopping for a light or at an intersection is not considered leg­ ally parked. Other forms of satisfactory evidence are proof that est­ ablishes one or more of the following facts; 1. Property damage did not exceed one hundred dollars, 2. No injury or damage caused to the person or property of anyone other than the operator or owner, 3. To the owner of a motor vehicle, if, at the time of the accident, the vehicle was being operated without his permission, express oi implied, or was parked by a person who had been operating such motor vehicle without such permission, �requirements I just mentioned, the evaluator must evaluate the <case for an estimated amount of Jsecurity adequate to cover injuries or property damage incurred. The evaluator determines the amount of property damage by considering the mature damage done to parts of the vehicle, the : year of the vehicle at the time of the accident, and other pertinent data. In this work, the evaluator mails to the insured or aggrieved party a Garageman's . stimate Report. They are asked to have a garage execute the report, giving an estimate on the amount it would cost to have the vehicle repaired. The evaluator also has car dealer's handbooks, establishing market values of all types of vehicles, to guide ' ' him in arriving at an evaluation. iI In cases of personal injury, Personal Injury Report forms are mailed to the injured parties . In these reports, it is required that they give the following information; probable length of period of in­ capacity, age dependents,salary, employer and occupation of the injured party, medical and holpital costs, prospects of permanent, total or partial disability, and any other factors which would aid in arriving at an evaluation. These reports must be signed by an authorized employee of the hospital and the physician who attended the injured party. After considering all of the evidence thoroughly, the ev­ aluator makes a decision as to the amount of security that the party will be required to deposit. After the amount of security is determined, the party is notified that he had no liability insurance at the time of the accident;, and it is , therefore, necessary that he deposit the amount of security stipulated within ten days, or suffer suspension of his motor vehicle . privileges for failure to comply with the Pennsylvania Safety Res­ ponsibility Act. The suspended person may be reinstated after the expiration of one year following the date of accident by filing evidence, satis­ factory to the Secretary of Revenue, that, during such period, no action at law for damages arising out of the accident which resulted in suspension has been instituted. An affidavit of the applicant is considered prima-facie evidence of that fact. The same procedure is followed where the party deposited -21- �security. After a year from the date of accident, if he submits an affidavit to the effect that, during such period, no action at law for damages arising out of the accident has been instituted, his deposit can be refunded. If, however, a suit is instituted within the year period, the suspension cannot be restored or deposit refunded until there is a final determination of the suit at law. The other section of the Pennsylvania Safety Responsibility Act deals with the filing of Proof of Financial Responsibility for the future. Proof of Financial Responsibility, for the future, is required of those persons whose licenses have been suspended or revoked because of conviction or forfeitures of bail for certain offenses under the Motor Vehicle Code. Similarly, Proof is required of those who have failed to pay judgment upon causes of action arising out of ownership, maintenance or use of motor vehicles of a type subject to registration. Proof of Financial Responsibility in the amount of $25,000 is most usually filed in the form of liability insurance, which must be maintained by the violator for at least three (3) years after a period of suspension or revocation has been served or a judgment has been satisfied. As was previously mentioned, the most common form of filing Proof for the future is in the form of insurance. However, Proof may be filed in the form of a surety bond, cash, or a real estate bond. The latter form of filing is rarely used. Ninety-nine per cent of the Proof is filed by a certificate of insurance, which is referred to as an SR-22 Form. This is a form filed by the insurance carriers in behalf of the person required to file Proof. If the SR-22 Certificate expires and the person has not renewed his insurance, his license is suspended for failure to maintain Proof of Financial Responsibility, and is not restored until we receive a renewal certificate from the insurance carrier. The SR-22 Certificate, filed by the insurance carriers, indicates the type of insurance issued to the person. We then must issue a license in accordance with the type of insurance which the person received. If the person is insured only to operate "owned -22- �vehicles", we then must restrict hia license to operate "only owned vehicles". If he is insured to only operate "non-owned vehiciaa", we issue a license restricted to operate "only non-owned vehicles". The person can, of course, apply for broad coverage and, in this case, no restriction will be placed on his license. Proof of Financial Responsibility may be waived after three (3) years from date that Proof was required if, during that period, the Department has not received record of a conviction of any offense of the Motor Vehicle Code. "■ I I I John J. Simonetta was educated in the _aston Pennsylvania School System and graduated from Mount St. lv ary's College in Maryland. Upon completion of his legal training at Georgetown University Law School, he practiced law for three years in IVashington D.C.before both the courts of the District of Columbia and the Circuit Court of Appeals. His work with the Bureau of Highway Safety began in 1955. Prior to his promotion as Assistant to the Director of the Bureau of Highway Safety, he was the Chief of Chief of the Safety Responsibility Division. �AUTOMOBILE THEFT PREVENTION Charles S. Black It is certainly an honor to be invited to appear before your group, 'v.'ith your indulgence, I would like to explain some­ thing about our organization. The National Automobile Theft Bureau is a wholly owned organization supported by 350 insurance companies. We were or­ ganized in 1917, in New York City by five insurance executives, and to­ day we represent 350 insurance companies. The purpose of this or­ ganization is to assemble and disseminate information on stolen auto­ mobiles and to assist all law enforcement agencies in the examination, identification, and the return to the proper owner of any vehicles that had been stolen. The organization is national in scope and the United States is divided up into five territories. I happen to manage the territory in the Northeast, or the Eastern Division. We have similar organizations located in the central part of the United States with headquarters in Chicago, one on the Pacific Coast with headquarters in San Francisco, a Texas Division with headquarters in Dallas, and a . headquarters in Atlanta servicing the Southeast section. All these are divisions are controlled by committees, the members of which are elected from the membership. These elections take place each year, and the controlling committee, or the governing body, serves without pay. The method of obtaining funds to operate the various divisions of the National Automobile Theft Bureau is by virtue of an assessment based on the premium income that the company derives from the par­ ticular territory that is serviced by each individual division. The problem of stolen automobiles, gentlemen, is one that concerns law enforcement agencies nationwide. In the United States during the year of 1956 there were 263,720 vehicles reported stolen. That set a record as far as stolen cars were concerned, according to the reports published in the Uniform Crimes Report. The 263,720 thefts reported in 1956 were 35,570 over the previous year for an encrease of 16.1%. The value of automobiles stolen in 1956 represented 54.9% of all the property taken in the United States during that year by larceny, loss by burglary, robberies and other thefts during 1956. There were 720 cars stolen every day during the year of 1956. Of these, 93.3% of the vehicles reported stolen were recovered and this is a great tribute to you gentlemen, This is an excellent recovery percentage, leaving but 6.7% that were not recovered, which 24_. �amounts to 17,669 cars, for a value of slightly over $15, million. Let us see what the situation is in Pennsylvania. Accord­ ing to the Uniform Crimes Report based on reports received from 216 cities in the state, in 1956 there were 9,260 vehicles stolen compared with 8,275 for the previous year, an increase of 12% which was slightly less than the national average. Nationwide, during the first six months 1957, according to the reports of the Uniform Crimes Report, there was an increase in auto thefts of 7.9%. Over a like period in 1956, there was a total of 114,827 vehicles reported stolen. Auto thefts are divided into either three or six different categories. I personally like to divide them into six categories. The six categories are as follows: i I A. Joy riding B. Transportation C. Commission of crimes D. Trick & Fraud Thefts ;D. Stripping thefts F. Commercial thefts I Let us go back and consider joy riding. I recall about two years ago when I was in the Washington headquarters of the F. B. I. talking about automobile thefts and I mentioned the joy rider as a problem ■Well, I thought the building fell in on me. Someone said, "When are you going to get wise and not use the word joy rider, but just call them auto thieves?" Joy riding is responsible for over 70% of all the automobiles that are stolen, so I think the gentleman had something. We know what the joy rider is -- that is, the young individual who steals somebody's car due to the apathy of the owner in not protecting his property. He takes it for a ride, he drives around town to influence his girl friends and. . he will drive it until he runs out of gas, or he is chased by a law enforce­ ment officer, or perhaps wrecks the car as often happens, or causes an accident injuring somebody, maybe fatally. In many cases he causes an accident in which the law en­ forcement agent is injured. Unfortunately, these perpetrators when they are apprehended are treated, I believe, entirely too lightly. I don't believe that the first time someone steps over the line that he should go to jail. If he did, then possibly we would all be in jail, but I definitely feel that the joy rider, the young individual who is apprehended for stealing an automobile, is treated, on the whole,entirely too lightly. Many cases in our files show where month after month, these individuals will be pick- J �The transportation thief is the individual for a trip home, or to travel from one state to anotherwho uses a car traveling clear across the country. These cars, for th many times not damaged. They are usually abandoned, and within a! most part, are reasonable the police will pick them up and return them to their resoectiv? <■>«, time Unfortunately, some of them find their way to garages where they are ’ stored, often for ^°nths. In the meantime the owner is deprived of the use of use of his automobile, because many of our member companies are re to pay a total theft loss by virtue of the fact that the car was left in some parking facility for months on end. We call those cars "The Forgotten Cars" because usually they won't be brought to the attention of the law enforcement agency that covers the particular area until a sizable bill accrues, and at that time the garage operator takes into consideration the value of She automobile. So the transportation thief costs the citezens of the United States a terrific sum yearly. We are unable to determine just how much .from our records because many times we do not know whether the theft was for transportation, or whether it was used for the commission of a crime, or if it was used for joy riding. The third class are those that are stolen for the commission of crimes. I am sure we all agree that practically every crime today has an automobile involved in it in some manner; either in advance of the crime or as a method of get-away. Many times, more than one automobile will be used in that particular type of theft. Especially in bank jobs, you might have three cars used: one at the scene, one to transfer to a mile or so away from the scene of the crime, and then possibly a third car in order for the perpetrators to get out of the territory without the pos­ sibility of having a car that could be identified from its particular mark­ ers. So that these cars, while they are not outstanding too long, are The type of theft that we class as trick and fraud thefts covers a number of different types of thefts, such as the indivi u w calls around at a used car dealer or a new car dealer. e. eC°™ , ,h friendly with the salesman and may spend two or three hours «°xmd th used car lot or the hew car show-room looking over au °m couid suddenly decides to ask the proprietor or• th e’ togdrive it around try the car out. In many instances he gets i j car the block and neglects to bring it back. Many’times he to* mto some other jurisdiction and sells it. can be identified not only at the scene of the sai , 26 alg0 be �identified at the place where he obtained thenar " the iajority of law enforcement officers ;are hesitant Unfortunately, majority to make" a —.—j a theft re­ port in a case such as this. The man car, he borrowed the car to try it out, and there is usually a lapse c days before the police will accept a theft report, with a minimum down payment, purchases^aXmobH^XiXu’ 2d' then takes off for some other jurisdiction, only to dispose of the aufol mobile by virtue of obtaining proof in some state that does not have tte benefit of a certificate of title. There are a number of those states. There are about ten in which you can go into the Motor Vehicle Depart­ ment and obtain registration just by making application, and affirming that the facts you state on the application are true. There are also those fraud cases where individuals will re­ gister and title non-existent automobiles. Now in Pennsylvania that would be hard to understand, but just recently in New York City we had a case involving a 1956 Cadillac. It was reported to us as having been stolen in New York City. We checked the police alarm and there was an open alarm on this automobile. The cjmpany paid a total theft loss in the'arnjount of $4,200. It wasn't until some 30 days lat:er, when the car had not been recovered in a specified time, and contacting the factory to determine the shipping destination of that automobile, that we found that the factory never made an automobile with a 56-60 model bearing the nunber that number that we had submitted. We traced back on the own-rsh ownership, and found that the car had been previously registered as a 1950 automobile. We traced the registration back to Cnooecticut and . found that the 1950 automobile was being used byr.a reputable citizen in Connecticut. There is a typeeof individual who rents vehicles from auto rental concerns for a specified time and fails to return the ve many instances these vehicles are taken to other juris ic ions they are sold. In this particular type of crime the perpetrator ha -- 3 is missed* sufficient opportunity to dispose of a vehicle before same hesitant to accept as This theft is another type that police officers are stolen vehicles and disseminate police alarms. The fifth eiass of thefts stolen for the purpole of stripping the s sist of hub caps, wheel and tires, radios, an Plete fromt ends, doors, bumpers and other pa 27 gQine instances com, t are disposed of �to wrecking yards, body shops and garages that a • .. wrecked automobiles. Unfortunately, the Darts , P®ciallze in rebuilding are r* fied due to the parts not having serial numbers that nt >7® 8°” ld Cannot be Anti­ numbered maintained of the numbers. This type of theft is or-if numb ered no record is extremely difficult to halt due to the fact that the parte cannot be identified as belonging to any particular automobile. The professional stolen car ring operation is not confined to in­ dividuals, but frequently the group is highly organized. Auto larceny by the commercial thief is a highly profitable business and is not similar to other types of crime against property, for it is unnecessary for the auto­ mobile thief to clear his commodity by the use of a fence, where in other types of larceny the individual would have to be satisfied with 10 or 15% of the actual value of the item involved. In handling stolen automobiles the auto thief has a commodity on which he can collect practically one hundred cents on a dollar. The Saturday Evening Post wrote and excellant story, I think it was the issues of August the 11th and 18th of 1956, in which they wrote about Bla-Bla, the king of the automobile thieves. Well, unfotunately for Bla-Bla, he is now boarding with Uncle Sam out in Leavenworth and will be fore se­ veral more years. An automobile thief, who decides to go into business of handling cars for resale, has to decide one of three things; 1. How is he going to dis­ pose of the automobile, 2. What particular system he is going to use, and 3. Where is he going to obtain the stolen automobile. We find that auto thefts are more prevalent in the cities where you have a large concentration of population. For instance, New York City with a population of seven and three Quarter million had approximately 14 thousand automobiles stolen last year. That means slightly over 1,000 a month. You can take 40 or 50 extra cars out of there every month without increasing or decreasing the recor s a whole lot. A good many of the successful auto gangs have operated in e various boroughs of New York City. The automobile thief decides first what ^^^p^outh, a ie going to handle. Is it going to be a Chevro e , Lincoln, or what have you. Usually, the ie area the type of car , that is popular in that are . Chevrolets on the road than any other automo i ’ rolets reported stolen. It is a natural ratio, Chevrolets. 28 -n the particular course there are more have more decides he'll handle �various color combinations today,^no^ongeVntce^s automobile thief to repaint an automobile, and re^ly it i^1 and really it is necessary for him to change the motor and serial number because very few people ever check their motor or serial number on their cars. I venture to say that even though the serial number in the majority of automobiles appear on the left front door post, there are very few of you gentiemen who have checked your car to see whether or not the serial number appearing on your registration actually appears on the automobile. The automobile thieves know that. T' They know that the dealers don't check them. So in many cases, they stealL an automobile and sell it as is, without changing the numbers. Then Then there is the group that will decide that they will disguise the automobile by changing the motor pad and restamping another, they file the motor and serial number off, keeping the car within the year model according to the numbers. They will obtain the serial plate from a car that has been determined a total loss as the result of a collision, fire or flood, and use this serial plate on an automobile of like description, which has been reported stolen. In some jurisdictions they change the motor number of the stolen automobile to agree with the motor number of the salvage vehicle, from which they had removed the serial plate. Another system used is the removing of the motor dn its entirety from the wrecked automobile and substituting it in the (stolen automobile, and of course substituting the serial plate. This system is the hardest to detect because no amount of tracing through the Motor Vehicle recorde or by contacting the factory will disclose any break in the chain of title, except that it should show that the car at one time was in the possession of a salvage buyer. We maintain in our New York Office a complete list of^ the salvages that are disposed of by our to that, filed in our records the same as our salvage by file number, we maintain a record on the number of pi investigation that each salvage buyer acquires. If youis ou cciild help you in your particular locality, involving sal g » particular salout by furnishing you with a large list of salvag vage buyer may have acquired. I would like to go into the methods 29 �in cities and towns. If you represent city, it might be well to establish a pin-point map‘ show^ ' a large by various types of pins, the location of thefts and the location of recoveries, Other methods of the breaking up of thefts in cities and towns is to maintain a close liaison with the new car dealers, the“sed car dealers, garages, service stations, wrecking yards, ba4s specializing m auto financing, and car finance companies. A great many of the automobile commercial rings dispose of their cars by sales through used car dealers. By maintaining a close liaison with the used car deal­ er, so that he will alert you of strangers offering particularly good buys, which well might break a ring operation. Who is responsible for the majority of automobile thefts ? According to the Uniform Crimes Re­ port, in 1956 there were 28,035 arrests for stolen automobiles, that covers larceny and receiving. Of the 28,035 arrests, 18,622 or 66.4% were under 18 years of age. Further, 22,244 or 79.3%'were.under 21 years of age. Zxactly 24,466 or 87.3% were under 25 years of age, and that leaves 12.7% of the 28,035 apprehended over 25 years of age. Juveniles often start car stealing b stealing parts. The stealing of hub caps has become an epedemic nation-wide. I refer to the wheel discs rather than the small hub caps. I am happy to report that the Pennsylvania State Police as of January 7th of this year, start­ ed a state-wide campaign in conjunction with retail gasoline service stations to mark hub caps on automobiles, so that you gentlemen in the Police Departments who have your Lost Property rooms full of parts will have another method of identifying hub caps. This hub cap program started back in 1956 on the Pacific Coast. Pennsylvania, I am happy to report, is the first State to start on a state-wide basis. All the other programs have been by a town, city or county basis. In many o the towns it is handled by the oil industry. In some other towns i is handled by the new and used car dealers. I favor somewhat t e car dealer, especially the franchise dealers, because the hub caps. are m ked at the time of delivery of the car. The proper mar mg s the vehicle identification number. However, in ennsy va ar using the registration number. Since “°uprobably last registration plate, the plate number on the P as long as the hub caps are of any value. cars to determine wh Another method is that of checking r< of us identify autoToo many whether or not they have beenand stolen^ not by the vehicle tdobtit.oat.on nummobiles by the registration, ------30 I �exception of those cars manufactured by American or identification number will be found affixed to the left f ’ post. This was one of fh. ground Motor Vehicle Administrators. & . SGrial " y A thorough search should be made of all automobiles for your own protection. People are so prone to blame the law enforcement officials for material that they miss from their automobiles. It is well to record and make a thorough search of all material that may be found in an automobile. On apprehension of suspicious cars and interrogation of the occupants, check the keys. It isn't uncommon for an automobile thief to have a key in switch, in an off-position and have the motor running, denoting a jumper on the ignition of the ca r. So, check the keys and it might be well to check to see if they are original or blank keys. Check for car accessories. See if the radio, spare tire and wheel are missing, these items ma y have been sold to obtain money for the occupants of the automobile. Check the decals on the car--- I'.maiot referring to "We visited Yellowstone National Park", I mean those decals that are put on, as they are in your State, by the mechanical inspection station. A good many cities have inspection. I recall one, Chicago, has a city in­ spection, and you can identify that car by the inspection sticker infor­ mation. This is the same as you are able to do in Pennsylvania or New Jersey. Check the decal on the back, showing where the car was originally sold. Pay particular attention in road-side interrogation to the service sticker, which is usually placed on the left front door, owner will know when he had his car serviced last, and the chances ar that the thief operating the car will not know where or when t e car serviced last. Above all, preserve all evidence. I might add that we put out a Manual for thef of Automobiles. We are unable to supply each police if of this Manual, but if your Police Department doe° least one. you drop me a line, I will see that your Department has at 31 58786 ��1000151585 hiikfs COIIFGF I jbrary �WILKES COLLEGE LIBRARY I 11 ■ I ( � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Series VI of the Hugo Mailey papers: The Institute of Municipal Government and Institute for Regional Affairs publications, 1958-1980 Description An account of the resource Series VI: The Institute of Municipal Government and the Institute for Regional Affairs publications, 1958-1980, is arranged chronologically by publication date and contains annual reports, surveys, conference meetings, proceedings, inventories, and statistics on Wyoming Valley municipalities, institutions, and companies such as the Wyoming Valley Sanitary Authority and the Copley-Whitehall Sewer Company. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Institute of Municipal Government and Institute for Regional Affairs Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1958-1980 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Wilkes University retains copyright of these publications. Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource PDF Type The nature or genre of the resource Publications Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Traffic Lectures, 1958 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Institute of Municipal Government Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1958 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource PDF Type The nature or genre of the resource Publication Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Wilkes University retains copyright of this publication. https://omeka.wilkes.edu/omeka/files/original/570594d66ac051aff3a82ace85e7d8a3.pdf 41478bd4864fc9171207aafb47223239 PDF Text Text WILKES COLLEGE LIBRARY STUDENT 0P1WI0W SURVEY CONCERNING CONSOLIDATION Property Of Institute of ■ ;3 GoUctfe HUGO V. MAULEY 1950 INSTITUTE OF MUNICIPAL GOVERNMENT ARCHIVES TS33Z L&WGd-Z WILKES COLLEGE WILKES-BARRE, PENNSYLVANIA ��STUDENT OPINION SURVEY CONCERNING CONSOLIDATION HUGO V. MAILEY 1959 INSTITUTE OF MUNGIPAL GOVERNMENT WILKES COLLEGE WILKES-BARRE, PENNSYLVANIA �HIVES PREFACE J 533.3 L g What opinions do the students of Wilkes College 3 have concerning the recent campaign of the Commission on Metropolitan Government to consolidate a number of Wyoming Valley communities with the City of Wilkes-Barre? Under the direction of the Institute of Municipal Government at Wilkes College, a survey of student opinion concerning the issue was conducted by the Junior Chamber of Commerce Chapter on the campus. The survey was made with a number of objectives in mind: (1) to ascertain student opinion on the issue 5 (2) to break down the students' opinions into certain attributes or characteristics, such as sex , class, etc.; (3) to discover whether the students possessed any knowledge of their municipal governments; (4) to evaluate certain services provided by municipal governments; (5) to get a student appraisal of the media of communication; (6) to see which factors weighed most heavily in their opinions. The data were collected by an informal survey technique. The method involved no interviewing, distributed at an assembly period, The questionnaires were The students were asked to answer the questions and to deposit the questionnaires in de­ signated places on the campus. No attempt was made to secure a representative cross-section or sample of the student body of approximately 1,000 students. The group conducting the survey hoped that if enough students responded to the questionnaire, the results might be considered representative of the opinions that would have been obtained had the whole student population been interviewed personnally. Approximately 1,000 questionnaires were handed out to -1- 5S781 �students. Almost a third, or 319> were returned. Of this number, only 272 were used5 4? were eliminated because their answers were invalid. The group conducting the survey felt that since over a quarter of the student*-body replies were vhiid replies, a certain amount of reliahce could be placed on the results. Everyone associated with the survey was well aware of the errors inherent in a study of this kind. It should not be supposed that all those students expressing opinons were equally informed or that they held their opinions with equal convictions. It must also be pointed out that caution must be exercised in putting an unwarranted interpretation on the results. the results are gratifying. out to do: All in all The group accomplished what it set to learn how Wilkes students felt about the issue CONSOLIDATION. Both the Institute of Municipal Government and the Wilkes College Division of the Greater Wilkes-Barre Junior Chamber of Commerce wish to express particular thanks to Mrs. Ruth Roberts, a member of the English Department at Wilkes College, for reading the results of the study and making thoughtful suggestions in the preparation of the study. Special thanks are due to the following members of the Wilkes College Division of the Greater Wilkes-Barre Junior Chamber of Commerce: Mike Evanko, John Mulhall, Paul Klein, Bernard Wahalla, Frank Steck, Allyn Jones, Dale Wagner, and Richard Salus. Poll Conducted - May 1959 Poll Released - September 1959 -2- �GENERAL INFORMATION RESULTS The total number of questionnaires collected was 319> of which 47 were ruled invalid. Only 272 replies were in the tabulations. 157 For Consolidation 115 Against Consolidation 57-7% 42.3% Wilkes College Students favored consolidation. In this respect, they were not an accurate barometer of opinion, since consolidation was defeated at the polls. Against Consolidation Students from Wilkes-Barre Students from outside the City 115 15 98 For Consolidation - 157 Students from 14.8% Wilkes-Barre 57 36.4% Students from 85.2% outside the City 100 63.6% As the figures show, more students from the City contributed to the cause for consolidation than to the cause against it. Whereas it might be expected that students outside the City might be preponderantly against consolidation, the survey shows that the feeling against consolidation was about evenly divided among these students. Student opinion was broken down into classes: sophomore, junior, and senior. freshman, All classes indicated a desire for consolidation. Class Freshman Sophomore Junior Senior For 49 31 49 28 50.5% 67.8% 70.0% r 51.8% Against 48 20 21 26 49.5% 32.2% 30.0% 48.2% The freshman and seniors are about evenly divided on the issue; whereas junior feeling for consolidation was better than 2 to 1. The backbone of the student support for consolidation came from the juniors and sophomores. If cosmopolitanism is developed on a college campus, the results -3- �perhaps belie that fact. Both the seniors and the freshmen are about evenly divided on the issue. It is to be expected that freshmen still have a gr^at provincial attachment for their small :• community. But the figures would indicate that seniors reveal just as great an attachment. The students were also asked to indicate their sex so that it could be ascertained whether the male or female students favored consolidation more. Sex female male Against For 37 120 68.5$ 55.0$ 17 31.5$ 98 45.0$ Since there are more males than females in the student body 5 it would be expected that more males would participate in the poll. The real picture is obtained by reducing the figures to percentages. The 37 females taking the position for consolidation constituted 68.5$ of their total number5 the 120 males taking the position for consolidation constituted only 55.0$ of their number. The con­ clusion is that more females were in favor of consolidation than male students. The student replies were classified according to their choice of educational program offered by the College, namely: education students, commerce and finance students, natural science students, and liberal arts students. Program For Commerce and Finance Education Natural Science Liberal Arts 44 64.7$ 36 46.7$ 35 48.6$ 42 67.7$ Against 24 35.3$ 31 53.3$ 37 51.4/$ 20 32.3$ It is evident that the largest contributors to the cause of ■. ■ ■ i consolidation were the liberal arts students and the commerce and -4- �finance students. The greatest number far consolidation were mathematics majors (18) and business administration majors (22). The bulk of the opposition against consolidation came from the secondary education students (25) and biology majors (19). It ought to be pointed out that the secondary education students were about evenly divided with 25 far consolidation and 24 against consolidation. The student respondents were also divided according to their community of residence. Of the 157 students who favored consolida- tion, 57 came from the City of Wilkes-Barre, as was to be expected. The next two largest groups came from Nanticoke (10) and Kingston (9). The bulk of the opposition among those 115 students who did not favor consolidation came from Kingston (24), Plymouth (17) 5 and Wilkes-Barre (15). A complete tabulation was made of this residential survey data but was not included in the survey because of space. -5- �QUESTION 1. QUESTIONS Which of the following structures of municipal government is used in your community? Check one. Commission Mayor-Council Council-Manager This question was put in the survey to find out if the students had any knowledge about the type of local government in their respective communities. For Did know Did not know Against 51 56 95 62 Most of the Wilkes-Barre students not in favor of consolida­ tion (14 of 15) thought the City had a Mayor-Council form of government. This was also true of the Wilkes-Barre students who were in favor of consolidation (53 of 57). The replies indicate a serious lack of knowledge of their own government, since only 5 of the 72 Wilkes-Barre students recognized that their government is the Commission form. Of those 198 students living outside the City of Wilkes-Barre, a total of 141 or 70$, for and against consolidation recognized their form of government correctly. It is interesting to note which of the groups, those for or those against consolidation, were more familiar with their respective forms of government. Against For Knew 95 60$ 52 40$ Analysis shows that those for consolidation were more familiar with their forms of government. A further analysis also reveals that this majority is built up because 91 students out of 100 �living outside the City, and for consolidation, recognized their government correctly. QUESTION 2. QUESTION: Do you live in a : second class township first class township borough third class city This question was inserted in the poll to ascertain further student knowledge of his government. For Knew 125 79% (of 157) Against 93 82% (of 113) It would appear from the above figures that the students •' » against consolidation were better informed than those foj consolida­ tion. On this question, the Wilkes-Barre Students fared better than on the previous one. They knew more accurately that they lived in a third class city (88%); whereas the students living outside the City were correct only 3 times out of 4 (76%). Of the 72 Wilkes-Barre students, 50 of the 57 who were for consolidation and 14 of the 15 were against consolidation answered correctly. Of the 198 students living outside the City limits, 73 of the 98 who were for consolidation and 79 of the 100 who were against consolidation recognized their community classification correctly. QUESTION 3. QUESTION: Do you have any knowledge as to whether the municipal government of your community is operating at a deficit: No Yes No Opinion This question was merely a simple attempt to find out whether students have any knowledge at all about the financial affairs of -7- �their respective community governments. No attempt was made to probe further than to ascertain if they knew whether or not their government operated at a deficit. Nor was any attempt made to check the validity of their knowledge. could conceivable mean even hearsay, The phrase "any knowledge" Nevertheless, the results reveal much about college students. The group recognized, after the results came in, that the No Opinion alternative for the respondents to nark should have been removed and that the students should have been given just two alternatives—Yes and No. However, the No Opinion replies were tabulated. For Consolidation Yes Against Consolidation Yes 41 48 No No 57 42 No Opinion No Opinion 37 23 The group felt that the No Opinion checks should really be tabulated with the No group. It is perfectly clear from the figures that most college students, whether for or against consolida­ tion, had no knowledge of the financial condition of the municipal government. Although there were more Yes replies among the group against consolidation, the picture is not changed substantially when the No Opinion votes are combined with the No votes. Those in the City admit their lack of knowledge as do those outside the City. For Wilkes-Barre Yes No No Opinion 20 19 13 Outside Against Wilkes-Barre Outside 21 38 22 6 6 3 42 36 20 QUESTION 4. QUESTIONS Rate the following functions of your municipal governments police, fire, school system, and -8- �recreation. The ratings available to the students were excellent, above average, average, below average, and inadequate. In this question students were asked to rate four services provided by the governmental authorities in all communities in Wyoming Valley. It was hoped that there might be some correlation between the rating the student ascribed to a service and his attitude toward consolidation. It should be remembered that students are not administrative experts, and, therefore, their rating may not be founded on any well-grounded basis. Their rat­ ing may be the result of mere exposure to the service and their attitude toward it. The students were not asked to indicate any reason or basis for their opinions, nor were they asked to suggest changes, if necessary. For Excellent 3 Above average 4 Average 26 Below average 15 Inadequate 10 Wilkes-Barre Students Police Fire Schools Against For Against For Against 0 10 0 4 25 2 3 9 20 0 For 1 6 1 4 5 15 25 4 4 13 2 7 3 3 14 21 3 4 Recreation Against 3 6 o 0 4 4 7 No Wilkes-Barre student against consolidation rated either City police protection or City recreation excellent or even above average. In these two categories of services, the anti-consolida- tion City students began their rating with average. Even the consolidation students from the City skewed their ratings toward the lower end of the rating scale. No Wilkes-Barre student who was for consolidation rated the City fire department as inadequate. The City students who favored consolidation skewed their rating at average or better. -9- �The above figures also are revealing in other respects. Wilkes-Barre students, whether for or against consolidation, think more highly of their fire department than of their school system. While 46 of the 72 Wilkes-Barre students rated their school system average or better, 55 of the 72 rated the fire department average or better. Only 6 students gave the school system a rating of excellent$ whereas 10 gave fire protection the equivalent rating. It is interesting to note that the consolidation proponents made ;a great deal in their May campaign of the fact that the City school system is one of six accredited in Wyoming Valley. It was suggested that a higher caliber education could be offered to those in the three townships if consolidation could be attained. Althogher, 28 City students, bother for and against consolida- tion, rated recreation as inadequate and 19 students rated police protection equally low. It would appear from the student ratings given the recreation program and police protection that both of these programs need bolstering. Students outside Wilkes-Barre Police Fire Schools Against For• Against For Against For Excellent Above average Average Below average Inadequate Recreation Against For 2 7 14 25 6 25 2 7 9 43 21 40 28 41 23 48 23 21 29 7 35 18 14 19 27 16 17 15 13 3 8 21 14 19 4 24 4 27 2 3 Students living outside the City, both for and against consol­ idation, rated fire protection and schools higher than police protection and recreation. Approximately the same number of students for (42) and against (48) rate their fire departments above average or excellent. More students who were against consolidation (46) -10- �rate their school system above average or excellent than those for consolidation (29). It is doubtful whether a plea could be made for consolidation on the basis of better fire protection. A case based on a higher caliber of education might stand only an even chance; whereas the best plea for consolidation could definitely be made on the basis of better police protection and a better recreational program. However, since the me Wilkes-Barre tuiiies-narre smuenus, students both for and against consolidation, rated both of these service low, perhaps the figures reveal that students, whether liv.ing in the City or outside and whether for or against consolidation, are really pointing out a deficiency in these programs in Wyoming Valley as a whole. QUESTION 5. /'• ■i • ■ QUESTION: •:'x . JI Do you feel that your community has taken adequate steps toward its future development by a planned program? Yes No No Opinion This question was included in the questionnaire to find out whether the students were at all familiar with any attempts made in their own communities to plan for the future development of the community. ,f I ■ > I It should be noted that Wilkes-Barre, Nanticoke and Pittston have both Planning Commissions and Redevelopment Authorities to plan and redevelop those communities. Kingston and Forty Fort have Zoning Boards, which do not necessarily plan ’ r for any future development but rather administer zoning ordinances ordained by the borough councils. The latter two communities are not really planning, in the techincal sense, for the future. 1 Again, after the tabulations started, it was apparent that the ■ ■-') No Opinion choice should have been ommitted. -11- However, the results �are revealing even without, the tabulation of the No Opinion replies. For Against WiIke s—Barre —e Outside Wilkes-Barre Outside 11 of 57 17 of 100 1 of 15 19 of 98 Evidently any work along this line has not been brought to the Had taken adequate steps attention of the College students, This certainly would be true of those from Wilkes-Barre , Pittston, and Nanticoke. As was the case with the answers to Question 4, students are aware of deficiencies in their municipalities. Question 6. QUESTION: If you had a friend who was considering moving to Wyoming Valley, list three towns in order of preference that you would recommend to him. The inclusion of this question was predicated on the promise that there might exist some lily-white community or communities which appear to meet all requisites of a desirable town in which to live and to recommend to someone else. The student was not asked to consider any particular factor as a basis for indicating his preference. Students both for and against consolidation, living both in the City and outside it, would recommend Kingston. Of students outside the City and against consolidation, 60 of 98 would recommend Kingston, followed by Forty Fort (ll)and Dallas (10). Almost all Wilkes-Barre students against consolidation would also recommend Kingston. Of the 57 Wilkes-Barre students for consolidation, 25 would also recommend Kingston; 14 would recommend Wilkes-Barre, followed by Forty Fort and Dallas. The order was slightly changed for the consolidation minded students living outside the City. Kingston (37), Dallas (16), and Forty Fort (13). -12- �A bit startling was the fart. iact that only 14 of 57 Wilkes-Barre students favoring consolidation would recoanend the City to a friend; and, also, that 4 of the !00 students living outside the City favoring consolidation would recomend the City above their own community or any section other than Wilkes-Barre. QUESTION 7. QUESTION: List in order of preference, three towns in Wyoming u. ''“a^ y°u consider efficiently managed and which you consider as furnishing all necessary services. As a complement to the preceding question, students were asked which of the municipalities in the Valley they considered efficient­ ly managed. It again should be remembered that students are not experts and, therefore, do not possess the expertise to evaluate professionally. The cynical attitude of the student body toward local govern­ ment was reflected in a very simple figure: 119 of 272 polled stated that no town in Wyoming Valley is efficiently managed. This is the opinion of 43.7$ of the students. Against For Wilkes-Barre Outside Wilkes-Barre Outside 26 51 9 33 None efficiently managed It is surprising that 26 students of 57 living in the City and for consolidation feel that the City is not efficiently managed. It is also noteworthy that 84 students who state that no town is A total of 77 efficiently managed live outside the City environs. 49$ stated that no town is efficiently out of 157 consolidation or 36$ of 115 anti-consolidation students managed. A total of of 42 or of the fact that students felt the same way. Certainly, in spite may be for consolidation, they, nev^rthcl , are more severely -13- �ritical than the anti-consolidation raise the interesting speculation students. Perhaps these results as to whether these students would remain in the Valley. among the antl-consolldatlon students, 43 students living outside the City and 5 Wilkes-Barre students selected Kingston as the town they thought most efficiently managed. Kingston was followed by Forty Fort in the student selections. It is odd that whereas in the previous question, 60 students would recommend Kingston to a friend, only 43 of them consider it efficiently managed. Among the proponents for consolidation, Kingston was selected as the town that they thought was most efficiently managed. There were 15 students for consolidation living in Wilkes-Barre and 18 living outside who felt that Kingston was so managed, Among the consolidation students from Wilkes-Barre, Wilkes-Barre was the second selection. Only 13 of 37 pro-consolidation out-of-city students who recommended Kingston in the previous question also stated that Kingston was efficiently managed. The rest stated that no town was considered so-managed in spite of the fact that they would recommend Kingston to a :friend. Although Kingston was selectedI the most frequently by both consolidation and anti-consolidation students, it received the of only 27.9$ of all students polled. Wilkes-Barre received only 7.3$ of the student vote on the question of efficient management. QUESTION: QUESTION 8, ■ » following factors, in the order Indicate five of the those which y°u think.industrialists of preference, as twhen contemplating a move to consider most important 'aSikS natural resources, good a new community* * -14- �location, transportation, tax concessions, equitable tax structures, efficient governmental services, adequate water supply, ample electric power, skiii-e labor, available sites, available housing, caliber of school system, cultural facilities, proximity of market areas. The factors were ranked in the ■ following order by all the students taking part in the poll: skilled labor transportation good location proximity to markets available sites 155 153 130 130 110 56.9% 56.2% 47.7% 47.7% 40.4% The above tabulation was compiled by adding up the number of times a factor was marked among the first five. Among the anti-consolidationists living in Wilkes-Barre, the factors considered most important were transportation, available sites, skilled labor, and tax concessions, in that order. It is surprising that cultural facilities was not once ranked among the first five factors. s. Among the anti-consolidationist students living outside the City, transportaion was ranked as the most important factor, since it appeared as one of the first five preferences 67 times out of 98, although it ranked first only five times. Transportation was followed in this order by skilled labor, good location, proximity of markets, and tax concessions. Cultural facilities and available housing were not considered important by the students. The factors i-i considered important by the consolidation students vlhg in Wilkes-Barre were skilled labor, proximity snsportation, good location, tax to markets, concessions, and available sites, of market areas received e(]Uate natural resources and proximity 1 tnDs ■f'l'nc-h-ninnfl votes. most'h first-place votes. , natural resources ranked Yet adequate -15- �in seventh place m total number of times that it inL among the factors. The students for consolidation students considered and living outside the City ranked the factors in the following order: skilled labor, good location, transportation, proximity to markets, and available sites. Good location received most first-place votes, Skilled labor was tied for second with proximity to markets, Cultural facilities Electric power and available housing received no first place votes. ranked last. Against For Wilkes-Barre Outside Total Wilkes-BarreOutside Skilled labor Transportation Good location Proximity to markets Available sites Total 8 10 6 58 67 52 66 (2) 77 (1) 58 (3) 34 31 26 ..-,55 45 46 89 (1) 76 (3) 72 (4) 6 9 48 39 54 (4) 48 (5) 33 21 43 41 76 (2) 62 (5) QUESTION 9. Below are some factors which some people think have deterred industry from coming to the Valley. Rank the three factors that you feel have made industry hesitant about locating here: subsidence or subsub­ surface conditions,i, political political corruption, corrupt!on decreasing population, lack of skilled labor supply, labor difficulties. The reason for including this question was to find out student such as industrialists. opinion concerning their image by outsiders, although the students may Again, it must be pointed out that industrialists may not consider certain factors as deterents, QUESTION: necessarily consider them so. -16- �For Against Wilkes-Barre Outside Total Wilkes-B;iarre Outside 46 Subsidence 79 125 10 89 34 pecreasing population 63 97 15 82 Total 99 40 56 96 6 ^skilled labor 28 40 97 46 53 81 4 24 43 47 43 67 9 63 72 difficulties The above table reveals subsidence ; and political corruption are considered by both consolidation and1 anti-consolidation students aS deterents to attracting industry, It is noteworthy that both of these factors were either ignored or played down by the Commission for Metropolitan Commission. Whereas the students for consolidation rated a decreasing population as third, the anti’s rated it last and placed labor difficulties. in third place. Among the Wilkes-Barre students against consolidation, political corruption received 6 first-place votes out of 15 as the factor most likely to deter industry from coming here, This factor did not receive a mark among the first three on any two responses, Notice should be taken that among these students a decreasing population is not considered as a deterring factor. Among the students against consolidation and living outside ‘he city, checks fop decreasing population ran last. Subsidence "as the first choice on 28 of 98 ballots and appeared on 89 replies. • oA first place choices and Political corruption received a total of 82 marks out of 9®« Subsidence was ranked first among the Wilkes-Barre students decreasing population. This •ho favored consolidation, followed by latter factor was only fourth in flrst pl”CM’ -17- but received the J �number xin second anq and third nighest numDer U Bcuuuu Subsidence was ranked fir first st ln 5 first-piace choices and also first total marks among the students ,h„ f the City, aV°r in consolidation but live Political corruption ranked second in first-place outside cflOices and second in total marks among these same students, Th® students, both those for consolidation and those against consolidation, have recognized subsidence as the most pressing problem. The issue of political corruption, long a source of political agitation in Luzerne County, is related to issues raised in Questions 4, 5, 6, and 7. There certainly must be some relation­ ship between student feelings on political corruption on the one hand and efficient management of local government on the other, QUESTION 10. QUESTION: Do you feel that enough information has been disseminated about consolidation as a solution to the problems of the Valley? This question and the next three that follow were an attempt to have students evaluate the effectiveness of the media of to communication in presenting the issue of consolidation leading the voting on Primary Election Day on May 19, 1959. The overwhelming feeling among the students was that not on the issue. This they enough information had been disseminated and antis in spite of said in about equal proportion among the pros 1 in favor of consolidation, the fact that the students voted 2 to used in the what basis was It: raises an interesting question. as to consolidation, f°rmation of their opinions in voting f°r the lack of information might have been the deciding factor in . arlti students. v°ting against consolidation by the -18- Of course, �For 24 Yes No Against 16% 16 14% 84% 99 86% There is no need to break down ■the above table since all classes •tudents felt overwhelmingly the <same. of s QUESTION 11 AND <QUESTION 12 QUESTION: QUESTION: How do you feel the meHia ” have t^d TV, newspapers) j issue? Fair Favor consolidation Against it hSPiO?nf?nLtiaVhepPr!Sentation Of the issue has been m good taste, factual, offensive? These two questions are taken together because the interpreta­ tion of the results lends itself to combination. Questions 11 and 12 combined with question 10 and question 13, do give a composite student attitude about the media of communication on the issue of consolidation. The results are all the more important in view of the fact that so much money was spent on promoting consolidation through these media. Only 1 Wilkes-Barre student of 15 against consolidation express­ ed the feeling that the media of communication was fair in its treatment of the issue, and even this student probably invalidated his reply by answering on the next question that the presentation Was offensive. In most cases where the Wilkes-Barre students felt communication favored cconsolidation, they also offensive (8 of 12 responses). felt that the presentation was students against consolida4b°bt (7 of 15) jQft of the Wilkes-Barre information had been tton expressed the opinion that not en 1Diinated favored ^sseminatcd, and that which had been dlssG1 and that that the media of Consolidation and was offensive. -19- �A total of 85 of 98 or 86.7$ and against ■ of?; :stMents 117106 — h; ——a. consolidation felt 8? students, ** v-se Of■ these 85 >— -.X:*—r ,tation was offensive. tne opinion that not enough informatl,n haj on had been dissected favored consolUatlon tno issue, and that and ms offensive. This a6aln is almost flere against consolidation and who live outside the City. Among the anti-consolidationists outside the City, there was only 2 of 98 who felt that enough information was disseminated, that the treat­ ment was fair, and that the presentation was factual. No anti­ students combined enough information, fair treatment, and presenta­ tion in good taste. As a matter of fact, only 3 students of 98 against consolidation and living outside the City felt the presentation was in good taste, and only 17 of 98 felt the presentation was actual. Of the 57 students living in Wilkes-Barre and favoring consolidation, 37 said the media favored the consolidation movement and 20 said the treatment was fair. This latter figure must be taken v/ith a slight reservation inview of the fact that 6 of the 20 stated that the presentation was offensive. Of the 20, only 4 said that and 10 said it was factual. ''he presentation Presentation was in good taste, of the 20 who said the treat°wever, further analysis reveals that 1 10 that not enough informament Was fair, 17 indicated in Question the 57 Wilkes-Barre students a had been disseminated. Of hhe 37 °f - 11 said it was ,h° Said that the media favored consolidation, 18 said it was factual. fetlsive, 8 said it was in good taste, and 1 -20- �Wilkes-Barre Students r or Against Total 28 factual 1 Offensive 29 17 10 In good taste 27 12 1 13 The Wilkes-Barre students > both for and ■ against consolidation, are almost evenly divided in appraising the ■ presentation between factual and offensive. Note should be taken that more indicated that the presentation was offensive than indicated that the presentation was in good taste, A full 77$ or 77 of 100 consolidation students living outside the City stated that the media of communication favored consolidation. Of the 23 who did state that it was fair in treating the issue, 14 stated that it was factual and only 7 stated that it was in good taste. Of the 23 who said that the treatment was fair, 18 indicated in Question 10 that not enough information had been disseminated on the issue. Of the 77 who stated that the issue was handled fairly, 37 maintained that it was factual, 19 stated that it was offensive, and 21 held that it was in good taste. PRESENTATION OF ISSUES—BOTH CONSOLIDATION AND ANTI-CONSOLIDATION STUDENTS Wilkes-Barre Factual Offensive lb good taste r 29 27 13 Total Outside 59 127 42 30 100 29 Percentage of all students 21.6$ 46.6$ 15.4$ : 46.6$ is rather high and One is first struck by the fact that that this Is rather a harsh foolins on the part of the students. part of that total of 127 Is made up of anti-consolidation students <78). Even without that 78 Included, the figure remaining (49) Is surprisingly high since the media of comnunlcatlon as an Industry -21- �QUESTION: Check the media of r- - • played the most important part communication in » - j which in Tnfi towards consolidation? ?^-enc ^gyour opinion radio, TV, newspapers, and personal contact. As was stated in introducing . xu ng thp me previous three questions, the inclusion of this question .as to find out ho. the students felt about the presentation of the Issue of consolidation by the media of communication. This particular question was included in order to find out which particular media was most effective. The inclusion of personal contact was an alternative choice was inserted for just that reason. Actually, the group constructing the questionnaire realized that this should have been a separate question; therefore, the phraseology of the question is dubious. The group wanted to limit the number of questions to 20, if at all possible. Results of Question 13 makes one wonder whether money spent on the air—radio and TV—was worthwhile. It would appear that the most important media by personal contact does still remain view of the closeness of which to spread information, although in its monopolistic position the vote (94 to 91)> it might have to share with newspapers. Wilkes-Barre and Outside Against Radio TV Newspapers Personal contact 22 15 36 For Total 26 19 48 34 55 52 91 94 42 and newspapers is barely of personal contact Again the position from the standpoint of media are analyzed maintained when the same -22- �indents within and outside the W, since the vote is even closer to 91)• (92 s Both For and Against Wilkes-Barre Outside Radio 10 Total 39 tv 12 49 23 Newspapers 22 35 69 Personal contact 28 91 64 92 Of the 57 Wilkes-Barre students for consolidation, 21 marked personal contact as the media which influenced them the most and 34 marked either radio, TV, or newspapers. Only 9 of the 34 indicated in the previous question that the media were offensive in their presentation, while 9 indicated they were in good taste and 16 stated that it was factual. The consolidation students living outside the City felt more kindly toward the media. Of the 66 of the 100 consolidation students living outside the City, 23 stated that in the previous question the presentation was in good taste and 23 stated that it was factual. Only 17 stated that it was offensive. Of the 15 Wilkes-Barre students against consolidation, 8 of them marked ratio, TV, or newspapers as influencing them the most, °hly 2 of the 8 indicated that it was offensive. There were 53 anti-consolidation students living outside the City who marked one of the commercial media (radio, TV, newspapers) as influencing their opinions. Of this number, 33 indicated that the media Bas offensive, 15 said the presentation was factual, and 5 said It was In seed taste. students who said that not There were many anti-consolidation , that what had been presented enough information had been presented as offensive, but who later favored consolidation and was described -23- I �Indicated that they were influenced in their contact. thinking by personal QUESTION 14, QUESTION 15, and QUESTION: QUESTION: QUESTION: QUESTION 17 a P??son whom he for consolidation or.y’• against ?iresPe°t very highly. is consolidation? The last time you discussed c was the general sentiment forconsolidation ini a group, - consolidation ior against consolidation? Do you think your friends are consolidationists anti-consolidationists? These questions were intended to show the importance of certain personal relationships in our thinking, Socioligists claim that we ordinarily think as a person whom we respect highly thinks. They also insist that people are likely to join that circle of friends who think as they do. Neither of these may be as true on the college campus as in every day life. There is the likelihood of more differences of opinion on the college campus. College students may, more often than the general public, disagree with those whom they respect and with those who make up their circle of friends. The aim was to find out to what extent on the campus both of these were true regarding this particular issue of consolidation. Question 16 was inserted among these three questions, first, to make the student as unaware as possible of the objective in Questions i4, 15, and 17; second, as this was a sort of hiding place for the asking, to ascertain just how question which very definitely needed objective the students were trying to nj_Mnn students against consolidation There were 14 of 17 Wilkes-Barre who was also against it. Of these or 82.3$ respect highly a porson „ntl.OI>nsolldatlon group the last i4,11 found themselves in an altogether 15 students or 88.2JS time the issue was discussed; -24- �. that they thought their friends 1.ndicat were anti-consolidation. This same sort of relationship ' appears to hold true with the nSOlidation students living 1 outside the City, except that the lationship may not be as close. < Of the 98 anti-consolidation repUeS inC1Uded’ 73 °r an ^-consolidation anLx-^u^uxxucvxuu person. person. 74.4$ indicate they respect highly <Of the 73, 67 last discussed the issue in a group that they considered anti-consolidation. Altogether 82 or 83.4% indicated that they thought their friends were anti­ consolidation. Generally speaking, the relationship between a student’s thinking as favoring consolidation and that of a highly respected person, and a last discussion, or his friends opinions is not so close as with the anti-consolidation group. Among the Wilkes-Barre consolidation students, 47 respected highly a consolidation person. This is 80.7%. A total of 37 found themselves in a pro group the last time the issue was discussed. Of the 57, 44 or 77.1% feel that their friends are consolidation minded. Among the consolidation students living outside the City, who was in favor of 82 of 100 or 82% respected highly a person 62$ last discussed the issue in a pro group. consolidation; 62 or to be for consolidation. Of the 100, 72 or 72% thought their friends Total Against For Respect highly Last time discussed Friends 216 79.4% 87 75.6% 195 71.6% 96 84.'j^ 83.4$ 213 78.3% 97 most important factor 129 82.1% - 99 63.0% 116 73.8% •"» — whole, the Among the students as a influencing their opinions . of a highly respected was the decision Person, followed by those of of the last discussion. A their friends Almost 4 out of -25- , and then the results 5 students are influenced �in that way. The The consolidation students indicated they were influenced mostly by a highly respected person, whereas the antic onsolidation students felt their circle of friends had the most influence. QUESTION 16. QUESTION; <-i J.' £ At the present time, is there member of your immediate family active in the'any , - — consolidation oj Uldl% o movement for holding^an office with one of the municipal goverments included --- J in the proposed consolidation? The inclusion of this question was to discover how objective the students could be , assuming of course, that if a member of their families were in any way directly involved in local government or in the movement for consolidation, their opinions would be colored in some way. It has been stated earlier that this question was included at this point deliberately to hide it among a series of questions so that the respondents would not be aware of its importance. Only 7 of the total number of 11? students against consolida­ tion admitted that a member of the family was involved; only 14 of 157 of the students favoring consolidation stated that some one of their immediate family was involved. This means only 6.6$ of the total respondents could possibly have been influenced by this factor of family relationship with the movement or with local officials who presumably are pro, if City officials, and con, if outside though the assumption were made that the 7 anti­ officials. Even consolidation and the 14 consolidation consolidation might be for the overall result would be the samestudents might be against it, favored consolidation by a revised hamely, that the Wilkes Students conceivable that other results Vote of 143 to 129. Wnwever, However, it is -26- �on various questions and therefon■e interpretations flowing from them, where the voting Was close» might be different. QUESTION 18. QUESTION: If you whichUOfrthe following £he ProP°se(i consolidation, important in the ?n™8^aCt°£s do consider most industry, better y°ur decision: new schools, better better eoono,w’ana better This question was answered only by those who were proponents of the proposed consolidation and together with Question 20 really was the method used to determine how the students stood on the issue. The anti-consolidation students were asked to answer Question 20 rather than Question 18. Wilkes-Barre Industry Governmental services Schools Recreation Prestige Governmental economy Police and fire 39 21 25 19 26 20 15 Outside Total 80 39 44 19 26 27 28 119 60 69 38 52 47 43 75.7$ 38.2$ 43.8$ 24.2$ 33.1$ 29.9$ 27.3$ The most important factor influencing the consolidation students was the possibility of attracting new industry. This factor was selected by almost twice as many students as better schools of which most college students would be especially conscious. Next in order services, community prestige, increased were better governmental and fire protection, and better governmental economy, better police recreational facilities. foremost factor in helping Whereas new industry was still the their minds on consolidation, a note Wilkes-Barre students make up i, followed by schools. The was struck for community prestige fire protection ran a poor last. possibility of better police and -27- �Note should be taken that there might be some relationship between Wilkes-Barre students' rating decrease ng population second in importance in Question 9 and voting community prestige second in this question. Community prestige rated sixth i with the outsiders, There is likewise a consistency in these < consolidation students outside the City rating better governmental services second and rating political corruption second on Question 9. Although better schools was a close third among the Wilkes-Barre students, it was a substantial second among the students living outside of the City, A cautious word must be spoken about police and fire protection. This factor ran last among the Wilkes-Barre students favoring consolidation and fourth among the people outside the City. police and fire protection were put into one factor. Both Whether the result might have been different had they been separated is matter for speculation, especially since the students had entirely different feelings about these two governmental services, as revealed by the results in Question 4. The question remains unanswered as to whether the students ranked this factor so low because they can not see consolidation improving police coverage or because fire protection is so good that is impossible of improvement. QUESTION 19 think consolidation will win anywhere this Do youLvptrTrdless of your opinion on the subject^ year, :- gKing!ton, Plains, Wilkes-Barre Township, Hanover, Wilkes-Barre City? to predict the outcome of an of us at one time have the urge inserted into the question­ happening. This question was of how they felt about the issue, see if, regardless the election vote on the could predict the outcome of QUESTION: All event or naire to students -28- �issue as it was placed before the townships of Plains, Wilkes-Barre People in the City and the three ’ and Hanover, Students were asked general ’ bu't they were asked to predict the separate vote in each of the 4 municipalities. Under the law, for consolidation to be ouccessful it had to be voted on favorably in the City and ©ach of* th© saDATn'bo • parate municipalities. Although the consolldatlonists won over the paople by a tremendous victory, they not how the vote would go in were not able to put the vote across across ;successfully in the townships. Therefore, the proposed consolidation was lost. Kingston was included in the question, but this was a mistake since there was no vote in Kingston. But it was too late to make the correction, so students were informed to ignore Kingston. Predictions For Against Municipality Wilkes-Barre Outside Total Wilkes-Barre Outside Total r Hanover Plains W-B. Township W-B. City wrong wrong wrong right right right wrong right right wrong wrong right right wrong wrong wrong right right wrong right right right wrong right Neither the students for consolidation nor the students against consolidation could guess 100$ accurately the outcome of the election. The students against were better predicters than those for in that they missed only on Wilkes-Barre Township which they thought would vote pro consolidation, but which did not on election day. In addition to missing Wilkes-Barre Township, the consolidation also missed out on Plains which they thought would vote tor consolidation, but again where it was defeated. of students from the City were very poor Both categories and anti-consolid.ntionists—in that both guessers—consolidationists instance out of four. Evidently, they could guess right in only one -29- �are not aware of popular opinion in the outlying areas. Students living outside Wilkes-B, larre, both consolidation and anti-consolidation—missed Wilkes-Barre Township. Apparently, not too many students in the poll had enough of a feeling of the opinions of the people in the Township to predict what they would do on election day. Only the anti-consolidation students living in Wilkes-Barre guessed wrong on the City itself. Most students thought--89 of 115 anti-consolidation and 122 of 157 consolidation-- the City would .s' vote favorably on the issue. That the students both for and against consolidation living outside the City were better predicters is shown by the facts below: Wilkes-Barre Students Municipalities Outside Students Total right right wrong right right right wrong right wrong wrong wrong right Hanover Plains W-B. Township W-B. City QUESTION 20. QUESTION; If you are an opponent of the move for consolidation, which factors influenced you most: lack of a defined policy, increased taxes, loss of local identity, lack uf facts, emotional appeals? This question was answered only by those opposed to consolida­ tion and was the source in determining who the anti-consolidation students really were. Wilkes-Barre rt Lack of policy Increased taxes Loss of identity Lack of facts Emotional appeals 8 7 1 6 4 Outside Total 57 65 36 15 48 21 29 14 42 17 56.5$ 31.3$ 13.0$ 41.7$ 18.2$ influenced, the anti-consolidationBy far, the factor that most on the part of the Commission for ists was a lack of defined policy half of these students rated Metropolitan Government. More thnn -30- �that lacwr as we llrst. Lack of facts, related to a well defined policy, ranked second. Loss of local identity did not matter much to the anti-consolidation students, indicating that they are not as provincial as first thought. Lack of a well defined policy was the number one factor among the Wilkes-Barre students against consolidation, followed by increased taxes. It is difficult to interpret anything from this. This could mean that these students might be against consolidation because the City might annex liability communities. The arrangement of the factors for the students outside Wilkes-Barre and against consolidation falls into the same lineup as for the general group as a whole. Of the 14 students who marked loss of identity as a factor in influencing their decision, 6 of them came from Plymouth. This is strange in that not a single Kingston or Hanover person is among the group, and only one from Plains. Natural Sciences accounts for 6, all of the 14 are males, and 10 are freshmen. -31- �CONCLUSION The most risky part of the work of those :: to interpret the results. who sample opinions is This study was not done for any particular group or organization, Therefore, the interpretations are free from bias from that source, Some of the conclusions may be cause for concern for those who tirelessly worked for or against consolidation. Be that as it may, responsibility for the conclusions must be borne by those making the study. Wilkes College students favored consolidation by almost 3 to 2 vote, but they could accurately predict its success only 75$. Students living on the outskirts of the City supported consolidation as well as the students living in the City. All classes supported the consolidation, led by the juniors and sophomores. Female c students were more for consolidation than the male students. The liberal arts and commerce and finance students supported it, but the education and natural science students did not. An overwhelmingly large number of Wilkes-Barre students do not know that the City government is the commission form. Students for consolidation are better informed about their form of government than those who opposed consolidation. An appalling number of students freely admitted that they had no knowledge as to whether the municipal government of their community operated at a deficit. Student regard for fire protection, inside and outside the City, is high; but not so with police protection, schools, and recreation. All students are severely critical of the latter three municipal services. Students are unaware of any plans for future development of their communities, implying either that such -32- �do not exist or that they are not informed to them, This is all the more serious with Wilkes-Barre, Nanticoke, and Pittston students i .'J since plans are in the offering. "o Jr - Many students would recommend Kingston to their friends as a good town in which to live, although a cynically high number of students do not consider any Wyoming Valley town efficiently managed. Students believe that skilled labor and available transportation attract industry and that the most serious deterrants to industry in the Valley are subsidence and political corruption. Whereas a majority of students voted for consolidation, they were free in stating that not enough information was given to the public and that the information disseminated was offensive in character. They feel that personal contacts and newspapers are the l most important conveyors of information to influence people. Although secondary media are important in the daily lives of the students, the people they respect and their circle of friends still help to formulate their opinions. In expressing their preferences for kinds of media, it can be said that the students prefer to discuss and read, rather than to see or hear. Attracting industry was the most important factor to those voting for consolidation, and the lack of a defined policy by the Commission of Metropolitan Government was the deciding factor for those voting against consolidation. -33- 5S7S1. �■IHHI 10001L0154 MILKES COLLEGE LIBRARY �WILKES COLLEGE LIBRARY � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Series VI of the Hugo Mailey papers: The Institute of Municipal Government and Institute for Regional Affairs publications, 1958-1980 Description An account of the resource Series VI: The Institute of Municipal Government and the Institute for Regional Affairs publications, 1958-1980, is arranged chronologically by publication date and contains annual reports, surveys, conference meetings, proceedings, inventories, and statistics on Wyoming Valley municipalities, institutions, and companies such as the Wyoming Valley Sanitary Authority and the Copley-Whitehall Sewer Company. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Institute of Municipal Government and Institute for Regional Affairs Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1958-1980 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Wilkes University retains copyright of these publications. Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource PDF Type The nature or genre of the resource Publications Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Student Opinion Survey Concerning Consolidation, 1959 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Institute of Municipal Government Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1959 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource PDF Type The nature or genre of the resource Publication Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Wilkes University retains copyright of this publication. https://omeka.wilkes.edu/omeka/files/original/a16bf4347db78c2a7a002d13b1fde79a.pdf aa4ca405c2be5debea5673fb462330c5 PDF Text Text WILKES COLLEGE ARCHIVES ■Eugene Shedden Farley Library COMPARISON OF RURAL AND URBAN SCHOOL DISTRICTS IN LUZERNE COUNTY INSTITUTE OF MUNICIPAL GOVERNMENT WILKES COLLEGE WILKES-BARRE, PENNSYLVANIA ��COMPARISON OF RURAL AND URBAN SCHOOL DISTRICTS IN LUZERNE COUNTY A. FRANCIS RIOFSKI I960 INSTITUTE OF MUNICIPAL GOVERNMENT WILKES COLLEGE WILKES-BARRE, PENNSYLVANIA �WILKES COLLEGE WILKES-BARRE PENNSYLVANIA May 13, I960 Admiral Harold R. Stark 4900 Glenbrook Road, Northwest Washington 16, District of Columbia Dear Harold: At the risk of inundating you with too much reading material, I am forwarding to you a study made by one of our undergraduates work­ ing with Dr. Mailey of our Political Science Department. The report is published by the Institute of Municipal Govern­ ment, which is supported by the College. It is a "Comparison of Rural and Urban School Districts in Luzerne County." This is just another of our community services. Best wishes to you. Sincerely yours, President ESF:mkb Enc: �FOREWORD Educational costs have mounted rapidly since the beginning of the century. The huge cost of public education should occasion no surprise. Therefore, educational expenditures .must be subjected to close scrutiny just as other municipal services are presently undergoing examination. The general public has a right to expect the greatest possible mileage out of the school dollar. Every penny lost is a direct loss of educational opportunity for the school child, be he a rural child or an urban child. Popular opinion has it that education is a simpler matter in urban than in rural districts. Virtually every educational survey comments unfavorably on prevailing standards of rural teaching and considers raising them to the urban level. The educational advantages in the city are reputed to be many. Perhaps, consolidation of neighborhood schools in cities and towns was a factor in the newer educational developments in cities and towns. Rural school districts were slow in recognizing this fundamental factor. Now that rural school districts have made many necessary improvements in school administration, it may be time to re­ evaluate standards and compare educational facilities to ascertain whether or not the weight of educational advantage has not shifted to the rural child. Hugo V. Mailey, Director Institute of Municipal Government Wilkes College Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania �ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I humbly -wish to acknowledge the important parts played by Mr. Robert Dew, of the Office of the Luzerne County Superintendent of Schools , Dr. Hugo V. Mailey, Director of the Institute of Municipal Government at Wilkes College, and Mr. Alfreds. Groh, Assistant Professor of English at Wilkes College, in the preparation of this paper. patience, and wise counsel were indispensable. Their kind help, gratious Without their help the completion of this paper would have proved an almost-insurmountable task; with their cooperation its preparation became a genuine pleasure. of them I extend my heartfelt appreciation. Francis Riofski To each �TABLE OF CONTENTS Page 1. Purpose 1 2. Introduction. 1 3. Criteria 4 4. Selection of School Districts 10 5. Pupil-Teacher Ratio 14 6. Instructional Costs per Pupil 18 7. Total Current Expenditures per Pupil 22 8. State Reimbursement to School Districts 24 9. Conclusions 27 �1. PURPOSE This study was designed to compare educational expenses and pupil­ teacher ratios in school systems of two representative classes of school districts in Luzerne County: urban and rural. The purpose in doing so is to determine whether there is any correlation which would indicate that either the rural taxpayer or the urban taxpayer is receiving greater educational value from his tax dollar. 2. INTRODUCTION Our educational system finds itself in increasingly disheartening financial straits. It is caught in a vise between rising costs in all aspects of operation and demands for improved and expanded services. The public educational system thus finds itself in a position where local revenue must be increased, economies must be practiced, or else the control and finance of education must be given up to federal or state governmental agencies. The cost of education has risen tremendously since the turn of the century. Between 1910 and 1955, public school expenditures for the nation rose from $426 million to $9.8 billion - a 2,205 percent increase. Factors accounting for this increased expenditure include such items as increased enrollments, longer terms , and improved attendance; great expansion in the scope of the educational program and accompanying rises in standards; changes in pripes and the value - 1 - �of the dollar; and rising living standards, income, and improved economic status for women. The critical nature of this problem can perhaps best be realized from a consideration of percentages: instructional costs alone in­ creased 55% in. the period from 1950 - 1955, while capital outlays expenditures increased 137% in these same five years. As a result it behooves each educational district to seek some means to alleviate this situation. Giving up educational control to the state or to the federal government does not provide a satisfactory answer. The money still must come from the taxpayers , regardless of who is taking it from them. Besides, the American public has always been vociferous in their demands to keep the finance and control of education in local hands . Nonetheless, they are equally vociferous in their protests against proposed increases in property taxes , through which school districts obtain most of their revenue. With the state and federal governments continually exploiting new tax sources and increasing present ones, the people are pushed to the limit, and any radical increases in the local taxation are ruled out. Thus, as their expenses have skyrocketed, the school districts have been gradually done out of their share of the tax revenues. In 1922, for example, total government expenditures accounted for 15% of the national income, while public school expenditures took 2.5%. By 1955 total government expenditures took up more than double that percentage, 31.9%, while the public school share of the income rose to only 3.2%, not even one-and-a-half times its previous - 2 - �percentage. All indications are that the expenses seem destined to continue in their upward spiral. The control and finance of public schools probably will remain in local hands, so that local revenue sources must continue to bear their share of these increasing costs. Since any great increase in revenue from local sources is rather out of the question, it appears that the individual school districts would do well to take account of their operations and try to find possible sources for improvement in educational efficiency and means for instituting some realistic economies. It is in line with this object that this paper has been written. - 3 - �3. CRITERIA Of course there are almost innumerable areas wherein sources of waste and inefficiency may be sought. A few of the broadest areas would include general control, personnel expenditures, outlays for materials, plant costs, transportation expenditures, and capital outlay expenditures . This paper, however, will be confined mainly to a consideration of pupil-teacher ratio, instructional costs per pupil, and total current expenditures per pupil. Certainly a comparison of figures does not provide anywhere near the whole story on a subject. In themselves, such figures have little value save for pointing out differences in costs among the individual districts under consid-^ eration. Analysis of the quantity and the quality of services rendered by an educational system is a task best entrusted to authorities with specialized professional training in such matters. Thus no attempt is made to dpterminA or to record differences in either the quantity or the quality of the educational services rendered by the school districts included in this study. The first criterion used in this study is the pupil-teacher ratio. . The pupil-teacher ratio efficiency in operation. can be an indication of relative waste or The number of pupils in a class is the chief determinant of the per-pupil cost of instruction in the class. Small class size, low pupil­ teacher ratio or small work loads for the teachers in order to attain certain results do not necessarily mean waste if the objectives are being achieved and - 4 - �if equal or better results cannot be obtained by more economical use of personnel, facilities, and materials . Research has tended to support the hypothesis that larger classes are about as effective as smaller ones in mass instruction of textbook content. has not yet provided the answer for other educational objectives. It Consensus of opinion and average practice would indicate that a class size of twenty-five to thirty-five is optimum for most educational purposes. It cannot be said conclusively with any reasonable certainly that reducing expenditures by increas- ing class size beyond this upper limit is true economy. It is equally doubtful, however, that extremely small class size or small pupil-teacher ratios is justified educationally. Similarly unwholesome conditions which cause waste and inefficient use of personnel are the extremely small units of school government too limited in facilities and financial ability to afford an adequate educational program. are many such districts in almost every locality. There This number has been reduced by the reorganization of many of the smaller rural districts into larger, more efficient union and joint operations. in the urban areas. Much, however, still remains to be done This condition is accounted for not only by originally poor organization, but also by failure to adjust the staff to decreasing enrollments. Failure to make the proper adjustments not only means present waste, but future waste as well through curtailed salary schedules and the consequent deterioration in the quality of personnel. The necessary adjustments can be made by the local - 5 - �management in the large units , but in small Units adequate adjustments to decreasing attendance can best be accomplished by district reorganization and the accompanying financial changes in. the state reimbursements. The second criterion used is instructional costs per pupil. In the usual school system, 60% to 70% of the total school budget goes for instructional items. Since it is the largest single item of school expense, unquestionably more opportunities for waste exist here than in any other phase of school work. Under the instructional items are included expenditures which are closely related to the main educational function, teaching. The main items in this classification are teachers' salaries, expenditures for textbooks and related instructional supplies, books for the school library, expenditures for tuition of pupils sent to other school systems, and expenditures for sundry items such as commencement programs , diplomas, exhibits, and other special exercises. Expenditures for materials in schools represent a relatively small percentage of the total outlays as compared with expenditures for personnel. Personnel policies, expecially policies affecting the employment and the use of personnel, are the essence of economy in educational expenditures. Economy in itself is a generally misunderstood concept. Low initial expenditure is considered economy by some; others regard low unit costs as the true sign of economical, management. Parsimony, low initial costs, and low unit costs certainly are not in themselves conducive to real economy. - 6- �Failure to achieve adequate educational services, regardless of how low the costs are, is failure to achieve economy. There may be more waste in low unit costs than in high ones . True economy in education is the wise or prudent spending of money. It means utilizing the most efficient combination of personnel services and material goods to obtain the optimum results desired. Low unit costs of themselves do not assure true economy, but coupled with satisfactory service, they are highly indicative of educational efficiency. The third criterion used in this study is the total current expenditure per pupil. Total current expenses include almost all expenditures made by the school district. The main exceptions are debt service and expenditures of capital outlay for such purposes as land purchases , grounds improvements, new buildings and alterations to old buildings. The total current expense figure contains six main items: (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) general control, including secretarial expenses, treasurer, tax collector, and auditor fees, cost of legal services , and administrative costs; instructional expenditures; expenditures for auxiliary agencies and coordi­ nate activities, including transportation of pupils, social centers, nurse and dental services; expenses for operation of the school plant; expenses for maintenance of the school plant; and fixed charges, such as rent, insurance, taxes on property, and retirement payments. A comparison of..total current expense per pupil and the. instructional costs - 7 - �per pupil enables one to get an idea of the expenditures involved for non- instructional items, that is, for expenses not directly related to actual teaching. A knowledge of this expenditure can often present a crude idea of the services rendered by a school district over and above actual instruction, but this is not always an accurate picture. Expenses of general control, for example, may be excessively high in a particular district, or cost of transportation for pupils in a large, sparsely populated district may be considerable, or maintenance of an outdated school plant may result in much waste - all factors which are not apparent in such a figure. Nevertheless a comparison of the total current expenditures per pupil in the various districts does give one an interesting, and for the most part valid, basis for an attempt to get a more comprehensive picture of the districts Under cons ideration. The financial figures used in this study for the basis of the comparison are comparable in that they were taken from the standardized, uniform Annual School Report for each individual district for the current school year ending July of 1959. Although budgetary forms are not always acceptable as sources of statistics of this type, in this case they were adjudged to be the most pertinent and indicative figures available for the purposes of this study. These reports are prepared in conjunction with and are subject to the approval of the County Superintendent of Schools , and they are generally closely adhered to, since state reimbursement figures are based upon such approved estimates. - 8 - The decision to use the �budgetary figures was made only after careful consultation.-with competent authorities • -9 - �4. SELECTION OF SCHOOL DISTRICTS In order that the comparison might be placed on a valid basis, some limitation had to be made as to the size of the districts used. So that this limitation, might be realistic and justifiable, and not merely arbitrary, consideration is limited to school districts the size of which place them in two definite classes : third class , which have a population of more than 5,000 but less than 30,000 per sons; and fourth class districts, which have a population of less than 5,000 persons. These classifications are based upon the last decennial census, taken in 1950. Financial figures for school district operations can be highly involved, and use of them by anyone not specifically trained in their interpretation can lead to some unintentionally distorted results. This being the case, it was decided to limit this paper to a consideration of only those districts administered through the Office of the Luzerne County Superintendent of Schools. Standardized financial records are available for such districts. The limitations thus employed excluded from consideration a number of school districts that might possess particular interest for some persons. The desire for maximum accuracy and objectivity in the analysis, however, dictated such exclusions. Thus the Wilkes-Barre City School District, which is of the second class, was of necessity eliminated. In addition such independently administered school districts as those of Kingston Borough, - 10 - �Pittston City, and Nanticoke City had to be passed over because they were not under the administration of the County Superintendent of Schools. Nevertheless, the limitations thus imposed did serve to restrict the choice to school districts which can be more realistically compared, since the remaining districts are all of the third and fourth classes and all have basic similarities of administration and operation. This is not to say, however, that the educational programs of all of them are or are not comparable, for such a statement is beyond the competence of this paper. Difficulties were encountered in choosing rural school districts in the county which have independent facilities for twelve grade levels, which constitutes a complete educational system. Only two such complete systems which could be considered rural in nature are to be found in Luzerne County, these two being the Black Creek Township and the Foster Township districts. The remaining thirty rural districts in Luzerne County have individual facilities for only six or eight grade levels. The other grades in such systems are sent to other districts with more extensive facilities as tuition pupils, or, as is more often the case, they are part of joint school boards or union operations . The Black Creek Township and the Foster Township districts were both included in this comparison, since the complete educational system is most representative of the urban school districts in the county. - 11 - Bear Creek Township, �having facilities for six grade levels within the school district and sending the other six grade levels to the Wilkes-Barre City system, was included as being representative of those rural districts dependent upon other districts to augment their own. facilities . Twenty-seven of the thirty-two rural school districts administered by the Luzerne County Superintendent of Schools are part of joint school systems . Thus the remaining rural districts chosen were joint operations, this form being overwhelmingly representative of the rural school districts in the county. The three joint operations employed in this study are the Central Luzerne County Joint Schod, the Nescopeck Area Joint School, and the Northwest Area Joint School. Such difficulties were not encountered in the choice of the urban school districts used in this study. The urban school districts administered by the Office of the County Superintendent of Schools almost exclusively operate complete and independent educational systems. The few isolated exceptions are the Plains-Laflin Joint Board and the Jenkins Township-Yatesville Joint School. The West Hazleton Borough system also operates as part of a joint system at the secondary level. Those systems which are included in this study as being representative of the urban school districts in the county are Hanover Township, which is the largest system included in this study, Ashley Borough, Forty Fort Borough, Swoyerville Borough, and Wilkes-Barre Township. - 12 - ��5« PUPIL-TEACHER ratio I Table I presents the ratios of pupils to teachers encountered in each of the school systems included in this study. This ratio is an approximate indicator of the numerical economy with which the teaching personnel of a district is being A high ratio of pupils to teachers is indicative of economical use of utilized. personnel; the higher a district appears on this table, the more efficiently does it use its personnel. State reimbursements are not based upon the actual.pupil- teacher ratio existing in a system, rather upon standard teaching units, each consisting of 35 elementary pupils or 26 secondary pupils. TABLE I Pupil-Teacher Ratios for the School Year Ended July 1,. 1959. Pupil-Teacher Ratio School System 1. Nepcopeck Area Joint 31.80 2. Northwest Joint 25.33 3. Swoyerville 24.39 4. Foster Twp. 5. West Hazleton Joint 6. Forty Fort 7. Wyoming 8. Central Luzerne County. Joint 23.60 23.68 22.47 22.00 - 14 - 21.91 �9. Wilkes-Barre Twp. 10. Black Creek Twp. 11. Hanover Twp. 12. Ashley- 21.88 21.13 21.10 20.50 A look at Table I will reveal the fact that six of the eight school systems with the lowest pupil-teacher ratios are urban. This would seem to indicate that the rural taxpayers are getting more efficient service from their teaching forces than are their urban brethren. With certain qualifications this conclusion appears warranted. However, the fact must be kept in mind in intrepreting this table that this study is made on a purely-quantitative basis, and that no account is taken of qualitative performance. A study of the table will show that the range encountered in the pupil­ teacher ratios among the districts is considerable. The highest ratio of pupils to teachers , and thus the most economical, is that of the rural Nescopeck Area Joint School, which has 31.80 pupils for eyery teacher. The lowest ratio encount- tered is that of the urban Ashley Borough School District, which has only 20.50 pupils for every teacher. The pupil-teacher ratio for the Bear Creek Township School District is not included in this table because it would not be consistent with the other figures Presented in this study. In the other criteria, the instructional costs per pupil and the total current expenses per pupil, the figure for each is ba - 15 - p �pupils attending the elementary school maintained by the district and upon the tuition pupils sent to the Coughlin High School of th e Wilkes-Barre City district. The only usable pupil-teacher ratio for the Bear Creek District, however, would be based upon only those pupils of the district attending the district's elementary facilities. For this reason Bear Creek Township was eliminated from this table. This problem was not sufficiently serious in the case of the West Hazleton School District to force elimination of that system. This district, being part of a joint plan with another district not included in this study, likewise shares facilities in several of the grade levels .as does Bear Creek Township. In this case, however, the pupils of the West Hazleton School District comprise a sufficiently large percentage of the enrollment of the joint school to make feasible; and valid the use of the pupil-teacher ratio for the entire school without distorting our comparison. The fact that two of the rural joint operations in this study have the highest pupil-teacher ratios , coupled with the fact that both these ratios are greater than twenty-five pupils per teacher, indicates that a large percentage of the rural taxpayers are making numerically efficient use of their teaching forces. The significance of this efficiency and saving is best realized by consideration among the rural school districts in this county is the joint school board. The advantage thus accruing to the rural taxpayers is partially offset by the rather low ratios existing in th. rural Central Lua.r.e County Joint School and in the Blach Cee.it - 16 - �Township District. In spite of this fact however, the overall picture places the rural taxpayer in a highly-advantageous light on the basis of the first criterion, the pupil-teacher ratio. - 17 - �6. INSTRUCTIONAT COSTS PER PUPIL In. Table II are presented the instructional of the school systems included in this study. costs per pupil for each This figure shows what is being spent on each pupil for the primary educational function, instruction. The districts at the top, and the cost of instructing a pupil increasing as the list is descended. TABLE II Instructional Costs per Pupil ?.. . ’For.School Year Ended July. I„ is>59 Instructional Cost School System 1. Northwest Joint $201.96 2. Nescopeck Area Joint $213.20 3. Black Creek Township $217.32 4. West Hazleton Joint 5 . Central Luzerne County Joint 6. Swoyerville 7. Wyoming 8. Forty Fort 9. Foster Township $217.55 $223.08 $ 227.63 $231.00 $235.59 $239.53 $242.99 10. Wilkes-Barre Twp. -18 - �11. Ashley 12. Hanover Twp. 13. Bear Creek Township $ 260.95 $284.84 $317.59 With respect to the cost of instructing a pnpil, it app„„ rural taxpayer gets slightly more educational value fro: 'in each tax dollar that he expends than does the urban taxpayer. Although the differential in instructional costs existing between the urban and the rural pupils is not alarmingly great, nevertheless it is significant and further indicative of the overall picture. Of the five lowest figures for unit instructional costs encountered in this study, four of these five represent moneys expended by rural taxpayers. The figure contained in Table II, the instructional cost per pupil, is a fairly good indicator of educational value being received by the taxpayers for their educational tax dollars . It reveals just how much of their tax money is going toward the actual instruction of a pupil, apart from costs of building maintenance, tax collection, and such related expenses. As such it is a relatively pure criterion and a particularly meaningful one for comparative purposes. The range encountered in instructional costs Conalderation of the fact that the highest is considerable - over $ 115. “ “* UbIe “ *’ l»we« instructional cost encountered would indicate that certain taxpayers Meed getting more value from their tax dollars than are othe - 19 - �Besides the savings realized by the rural taxpayer in general, the economies int board operation show up in this criterion. Three of the five lowest instructional expenditures are made by rural joint operations, while the fourth 1 west is that of an urban joint operation, the West Hazleton Borough School District. However, it is a fact that the highest educational expenditure encountered in this study is also made by the rural taxpayer. This highest expenditure is incurred by the taxpayers of the Bear Creek Township School District. This district maintains facilities for six grade levels within the district, the remainrier of the pupils in the district being sent to the Wilkes-Barre City system as tuition pupils. This factor holds the key to the relative monetary disadvantage at which the taxpayers of this district are placed: the instructional cost for each tuition pupil is the exceedingly high amount of $556.42. Fortunately, this costly arrangement is far overbalanced by the joint operations in the rural districts and by the independent facilities prevalent in the urban districts. , nor apparently the Interesting is the chief, determinant of instructional costs or savings, as the can. may Hanover Tovmship School District, vthicb ba. the larges, enrollment and di. largest budget of the district, administered by - County Superintendent of a. mol costs. On the other extreme, Schools, also has one of the highest unit mstruc . rural school “ >dmini.ter.d, ba. i. the Northwest Joint School, the larges^ - 20 - �lowest instructional unit cost of the Thus it appears that systems encountered in this study, organizational efficiency is a producing the instructional economies which The fact that most of the rural school prime factor in are realized by thie rural systems. districts participate in joint board operations lends support to the indication that th e rural taxpayer may indeed get greater 'n.B fractional value from his tax dollar than does the urban taxpayer. „ 21 - �7- TQTAL CURRENT expenditures PER PTTPTT. Table III presents the total current expenditures per pupil encountered in the school systems included in this study. This figure shows the total operational costs for the current year in terms of what amount is spent upon each pupil enrolled. The districts are arranged in descending order from lowest expenditure per pupil to highest. Thus the higher a district appears in the table, the more economically is it educating its pupils. The average current expenditure per pupil in Pennsylvania in 1958 was $370. TABLE III Total Current Costs per Pupil For School Year Ending July 1, 1959 Total Current Costs per pupil School System $ 270.04 I 1. Nescopeck Area Joint 2. Black Creek Township 3. Central Luzerne Joint 4. West Hazleton Joint 5. Northwest Joint 6. Swoyerville $ 331.60 7. Wyoming $ 362.68 8. Forty Fort $ 29^.12 $ 30&. 65 $ 311.12 $ 316.50 $ 323.70 - 22 - �12. Hanover Township 13. Bear Creek Township $ 425.37 $ 435.07 A look at Table III will show that, although in some occupied on the list have changed from those of Table II, nonetheless remains the same. instances the positions the overall picture With regard to this criterion the conclusion once again seems warranted, that the rural systems get more value from the money spent by them. Once again the rural systems claim the distinction of occupying both extremes of expense, the highest and the lowest expenditure per pupil. As in the last criterion, however, the overall financial picture seemingly places the rural taxpayer in a more advantageous position than that occupied by his urban counterpart: four of the five systems incurring the lowest expenditures per pupil are rural. In addition to the economies realized by the rural taxpayers, the significance of organizational efficiency as it affects co evident in this criterion. f the five positions representing the lowest The Joint board operations occupy our o current costs per pupil. At ihe bottom of the nt in this study. • of the arraJ s to supplement a lack District, the district representative - tuition pop & *11 ^strict manifests the expensiveness exp ens iv ene s s of depending upon of facilities. 23 - �8- STATE bbmbursement to school districts Table IV presents a list of the Basicc ACCOM the school system. included In this study. Thl, “ determining the amount of money with which a school district i. reimbursed The reimbursement determined by the Basic Account from state funds . Reimbursement Fraction is based upon teaching units (35 elementary pupils or 26 secondary pupils), as well as reimbursement for school nurse, driver education, and tuition pupils . The higher the Basic Account Reimbursement Fraction, the greater will be the unit reimbursement received by the school district, and therefore the greater is the portion of the district’s expenses which will be borne by the state. TABLE IV Basic Account Reimbursement Fractions For School Year Ended July 1, 1959 b.a.r.f. School System 0.8874 1. Black Creek Township 2. Northwest Joint 3. Nescopeck Area Joint 4. Foster Township 5. West Hazleton Joiat 6. Wyoming 7. Swoyerville 0.8797 0.8736 0.8512 0.8081 0.8033 0.7898 - 24 - �8. Wilkes ■Barre Twp. 9. Central Luzerne Joint 0.7533 0.7483 10. Bear Creek Twp. 11. Ashley 12. Forty Fort 13. Hanover Township 0.6923 0.6889 0.6240 0.546.7 A study of the reimbursement fractions indicates that the rural school districts in general are reimbursed more highly than are the urban districts. The four districts with the highest reimbursement fraction ns in this study are rural school districts . Thus the average rural school district included in this study is reimbursed by the state for a greater portion of its expenses than is the urban district. This criterion is not included as being indicative of the performance of a particular school district, for indeed it is not. A school district has no, control over the reimbursement fraction for that district; it is compiled by the S-ate Tax Fquilization Board on the basis of property evaluation established by the board. The figure is merely included as an existing factor which further qualified the Previously listed criteria. It illustrates the.fact ma addition to those derived through efficient operation will accrue to some taxpayers in this respect will be realized by the more than to others . The greatest savings reimbursement fractions. rural taxpayers, since the rural districts have L - 25 - �The reimbursement fractions are calculated for each individual school district, and the payment of state appropriations is made to that district, so that no one fraction is applicable to a joint board operation. Rather, the fractions and the actual reimbursements are made to the individual school districts participating in a joint operation. This study includes joint board operations as a functioning whole rather than including the individual districts comprising it. In order to make such figures adaptable to the purposes of this comparison, the reimbursement fractions quoted in Table IV for joint board systems have been combined and, therefore, the figure quoted represents the numerical average of the reimbursement fractions assigned to the individual districts participating in it. Although this average figure is not valid for use in computing the actual reimbursement amounts, it is, nevertheless, sufficiently valid and indicative to provide a useful and meaningful basis for this comparison. - 26 - �9- CONCLUSIONS In each of the criteria utilized for analysis, the results of this indicate that the rural taxpayer in Luzerne study County receives more value from each tax dollar spent on education than does the urban taxpayer . Not only does the typical rural school system in this County make numerically more efficient use of the teaching force by way of higher pupil-teacher ratios , but it is also able to educate a pupil with the expenditure of less money either for instructional costs alone or for total current costs of operation. In addition to the realization of these economies, the rural school district is also reimbursed for a greater part of its expenses than is the urban school district. Although the differences existing are not overwhelmingly great nor absolutely consistent, the overall picture presented by the criteria is nevertheless highly indicative and definitely in favor of the rural school district. These factors combine to place the rural taxpayer in a financially more advantageous position than his urban brother enjoys. The rural financial advantage gains added significance from the fact that an overwhelming majority of the rural school districts are participants in jointly operated consolidated school systems. This form of organization is generally . , conceded in professional circles to .rnnomical from a financial ^dpoint, but also highly efficient from an The urban school districts have not - 27 - educational point of view. as yet taken advantage of this mode �of organization to any significant extent. They have chosen rather to operate independently, in spite of the fact that the financial figures encountered in this study would indicate that this choice is not the best one to make. Although this study was not competent to analyze these systems on the basis of quality of education, the wide disparities encountered in the expenditures necessary for the education of a pupil in the various systems indicates that competent investigation in this area would be highly desirable. With educational costs increasing at an alarming rate, while the available sources of revenue become ever more-limited, such competent investigative study becomes absolutely imperative if the United States is to provide for its youth the adequate education which is essential to the welfare of our nation and indeed to our very existence in a highly competitive world. This study shows conplusively that exhaustive research is needed in this area if we are to utilize the available educational resources to best advantage. The fulfillment of such research, however, remains for hands more competent than the s e. - 28 - �BIBLIOGRAPHY 1. Burke, Arvid J. , Financing Public Schools in the United States, New York, Harper & Brothers, 1957, pp. 3-205. 2. Hutchins, Clayton D. and Munse, Albert R., Expenditures for Education at the Mid-century, Washington, United States Department of Health, Education and Welfare, 126 pages. 3. Mort, Paul R . and Reusser, Walter C., Public School Finance, New York, McGraw-Hill Bock Company, Inc., 1951, pp. 117-343. 4. Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, Department of Public Instruction, School Laws of Pennsylvania, Harrisburg, 1957. 5. Counsel cf State Governments, The Forty-Eight State School Systems, Chicago, 1949, pp. 4-66, 159-168. ���� Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Series VI of the Hugo Mailey papers: The Institute of Municipal Government and Institute for Regional Affairs publications, 1958-1980 Description An account of the resource Series VI: The Institute of Municipal Government and the Institute for Regional Affairs publications, 1958-1980, is arranged chronologically by publication date and contains annual reports, surveys, conference meetings, proceedings, inventories, and statistics on Wyoming Valley municipalities, institutions, and companies such as the Wyoming Valley Sanitary Authority and the Copley-Whitehall Sewer Company. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Institute of Municipal Government and Institute for Regional Affairs Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1958-1980 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Wilkes University retains copyright of these publications. Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource PDF Type The nature or genre of the resource Publications Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Comparison of Rural and Urban School Districts in Luzerne County, 1960 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Institute of Municipal Government Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1960 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource PDF Type The nature or genre of the resource Publication Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Wilkes University retains copyright of this publication. https://omeka.wilkes.edu/omeka/files/original/6ee70685a41f456d3ca874bc73d6547c.pdf a98aa2c01deab88f67fc83c651a8ab0f PDF Text Text 0 [|1 i\hM PROCEEDINGS FIRST ANNUAL COMMUNITY GROWTH CONFERENCE I 3 I jd I 0| g I y p ARCfiffts I Ip i! 'MMSTDTUTE ® ri fft riI I f OF MKWL OOVEMEWT WILKES COLLEGE WILKES-BARRE, PENNSYLVANIA �'I j ...I u 0 �I I I I 3 J I !t I I I I I I I I 3 3 3 3 D j J I I I I 1 13 I I I ■I I ij �0 0 0 PROCEEDINGS Li FIRST ANNUAL COMMUNITY GROWTH CONFERENCE 0 0 Li 0 SEPTEMBER 27, 1961 D WILKES-BARRE, PENNSYLVANIA IL 0 0 11 1 Institute of Municipal Government Wilkes College 3 Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania 83 0 0 ■j j 0 j ly �krchiv tS :T5333 1^ 1U I �I I li i TABLE OF CONTENTS ID I F oreword ii I I Program iv a a a a iJ u 1 1 J I i i I j Sponsors and Exhibitors v Opening Remarks by Alfred Darte 1 Welcome Remarks by Frank Slattery 2 "How Do You Plan For Community Growth?" by Francis A. Pitkin . . . . 3 Introductory Remarks by Andrew Hourigan, Jr 10 "Flexible Zoning" by Robert C. Ledermann 11 "Financing Needed For Community Growth" by William F. Keesler . . . 15 "The Role Of Industry In Community Development" by Max S. Wehrly. 21 "The Future" by Dr. Eugene S. Farley 28 "Conservation In Urban Renewal Areas" by James T. Leigh 29 Roster Of Attendance 34 Registered But Not In Attendance 42 - iii - �J 1 1 FIRST ANNUAL COMMUNITY GROWTH CONFERENCE 1 SEPTEMBER 27, 1961 PROGRAM 1 s 11:00 a. m. Registration Room 50 Parrish Hall, Wilkes College Chairman: Mrs. Ethel A. Price, Director Department of Public Safety City of Wilkes-Barre 12:30 p. m. Lunch Parlor E, Hotel Sterling Chairman: Alfred Darte, Secretary Board of Assessors, Luzerne County 3 Welcoming Remarks: Frank Slattery, Mayor City of Wilkes-Barre Topic: "How do You Plan for Community Growth? II Speaker: Francis A. Pitkin, Executive Director State Planning Board, Harrisburg, Penna. i I I s 2:00-4:00 p. m. Panel Session Room 56 Parrish Hall, Wilkes College a o a j i i 5 f i I 4:30-5:30 p. m. Cocktail Hour 6:30 p. m. Dinner Chairman: Andrew Hourigan, Jr. , President Greater Wilkes-Barre Chamber of Commerce. Topic: "Flexible Zoning" Speaker: Robert C. Ledermann, Director Community Facilities and Urban Renewal National Association of Home Builders Washington, D. C. Topic: "Financing Needed for Community Growth" Speaker: William F. Keesler, Senior Vice-President First National Bank of Boston Boston, Massachusetts Topic: "Role of Industry in Community Development" Speaker: Max S. Wehrly, Executive Director Urban Land Institute, Washington, D. C. Parlor E, Hotel Sterling Chairman: Dr. Eugene S. Farley, President Wilkes College Topic: "Conservation in Urban Renewal" Speaker: James T. Leigh, Deputy Director Urban Renewal Administration Housing and Home Finance Agency Philadelphia, Pennsylvania - iv - �i s 1 1 1 1 I SPONSORS American Institute of Architects Northeast Chapter Greater Wilkes-Barre Chamber of Commerce Greater Wilkes-Barre Real Estate Board Institute of Municipal Government Luzerne County Board of Assessors Luzerne County Boroughs Association Luzerne County Home Builders Association Wilkes-Barre Clearing House Banks Wilkes-Barre Planning Commission Wilkes-Barre Redevelopment Authority EXHIBITORS II a a j J J J I Hazleton City Planning Commission . Hazleton City Redevelopment Authority Luzerne County Planning Commission Nanticoke Redevelopment Authority Pittston Redevelopment Authority Wilkes-Barre Redevelopment Authority �il 3 ;i a J 3 r ■ o n OPENING REMARKS Alfred Darte, Secretary Luzerne County Board of Assessors The title that has been assigned to our luncheon speaker intrigues me. It presupposes that we can plan for our growth, and. the only question that remains is how. This is a time for deep concern for all of us in Wyoming Valley. We are concerned about the condition of our economy. There are those who doubt the continued viability of the anthracite region. However, to many of us here in attendance, there is an essential soundness from which rehabilitation can be started and a new life gen­ erated. It seems to me that all that we need to do is examine some of the problems which need intensive investigation and evaluation, and which require understanding to planning. We shall learn how before the day is over. a i n IT 1 I 1 .r u ■ ____ �( L D WELCOME REMARKS by o U I1 'l •I I Frank Slattery Mayor of Wilkes-Barre As Mayor of the City of Wilkes-Barre, I extend to you a very warm and cordial welcome to the City and to the First Annual Community Growth Conference, This Conference is of paramount importance to us. Today in the United States, only 15% of the people live on the farm, but,there is still a Secretary of Agriculture. The other 85% live in cities and towns, and yet there is no Secretary of Urban Affairs. Rapid growth of this urban population has created demands on government for more facilities and better services. How local govern­ ments can be adapted to meeting these demands is one of the major problems facing us today. Certainly to redevelop with new ideas is not easy, but problems can be solved with understanding. Federal and state money and effort combined with local funds and energies are necessary to a sound urban redevelopment program. You may know that the City of Wilkes-Barre has submitted it­ self as a guinea pig in a demonstration project now being conducted by the First National Bank of Boston. I We are delighted that the co-sponsors of this Confer ence realized the importance of bringing together many of us to exchange ideas with the view of improving our whole area. i I L I - 2 - B I �■■■■I :i :i 'i 0 I i J I I a i HOW DO YOU PLAN FOR COMMUNITY GROWTH by Francis A, Pitkin Executive Director State Planning Board Edmund Burke, the great historian and conservative philosopher, once wrote to a member of the French National Assenibly " You can never plan the future by the past". This is only partially true. Certainly, no look ahead for a com­ munity can be hedged in by either outmoded ideas or wishful thinking. The future demands a fresh outlook and unfettered imagination. All the same, the past shapes the stuff with which you are forced to work. In planning for the future of Wilkes-Barre, or of Hazleton, or of Luzerne County, or of the Wyoming Valley, you must start with the physical and industrial heritage bequeathed to you by the past. As Robert Futterman, a young and very successful real estate investor writes in his new book on the future of our cities: "Cities, like animals and plants, grow in cycles, and no cityfs present situation can be understood without reference to its past". We know what the past of this area has been. We know our basic problems. We are aware that compared with the nation as a whole we are not receiving our former share of the national prosperity. There is concern that perhaps the decline we have experienced is irreparable and that we may as well do nothing rather than spend millions which are apt to do little good anyway. Unquestionably those who hold that this pattern of events is fixed and immutable ---that citizens must inevitably die once their traditional economic function has been fulfilled -- think of themselves as the great realists. To the rest of us, who think man has a certain amount of con­ trol over his economic destiny, such people are not realists, but ref­ ugees from responsibility. I believe with all my heart that if a city or a community is worth saving it can be saved. There are some towns, undoubtedly; which would scarcely justify the effort it would cost to save them, but they are not 1 - 3- �1. ' I & ft r>. L b I I .1 a L a :i n J located in this valley. They are not Wilkes-Barre, or Hazleton, or neighboring Scranton. For these communities possess far more than the richest anthracite fields on earth. They possess the attractive sur­ roundings, the strategic location, the water, and the raw materials which form the foundation upon which any thriving human settlement must build. For this reason, I can not become overly despondent about your future. To quote Mr. Futterman once more: "Most American cities have enjoyed and then suffered a dominant industry in the early stages of their development. To lay out the "grid" of any city, one must know what that industry was, how long its dominance lasted, and when the city achieved diversification. . . From a real estate investor's point of view, the current stage of the cycle is a fundamental consideration. Many a declining city offers good buys -- if one can be sure, through a study of history, that business will turn up again. In the declining state, cities suffer a flight of capital and properties sell cheap. On the other side of the wave, many an ascending city is a bad place to put money. " Our task is to make certain that business does indeed turn up again. From many standpoints, besides that of the realestate operator, the cities of this valley offer a prime opportunity for new investment and growth, providing you are prepared to recognize the shape of mod­ ern America and prepare your selves for the slow, grinding job of meet­ ing its requirements. In a phrase: You must plan for the future. Now, there is nothing very esoteric or mysterious about com­ munity planning, despite the jargon with which some of my fellow pro­ fessionals have surrounded it. As you doctors, lawyers, and educators know, one of the unfortunate practices in our society today is the con­ coction of professional vocabularies which mean nothing to the man out­ side. This may have some advantages, but it has the grave disadvan­ tage of breaking down effective communication between segments of the community who should be talking to one another. There is no difference between community planning and planning the program of a company for the next five years, the investment pro­ gram of an association for the ns.:: .en, or our personal affairs for the next fev months. I i 11 Community planning requires only -bat y ou have a point of view on three basic iosues: First, know what your present difficulties are. - 4 - �I Second, know where you want to go. Third, decide the best way to get there. The fourth essential is to sell these points of view to the com­ munity so that you can find the energy and leadership to achieve the re­ sults you are after. il t J b I J L I i J 3 3 3 n a 3 Hi i! LL fl i II Admittedly, I have over-simplified. When we try to apply these three or four steps to anything so complex as a city -- or even worse, an entire region -- we find each of them frought with a hundred details, all of them inter-related, all of them calling for mammoth energies. Just to list them would give us something approaching Dr. Eliot's fa­ mous five-foot book shelf. Your first consideration, however, is to decide how big an area you are going to include in your efforts. Certainly, the City of WilkesBarre is not, of itself, enough, for what good would it do to rejuvenate the heart of the city if, in order to get to it, it is necessary to thread your way through a jumble of narrow streets and decrepit buildings in outlying boroughs? But is Greater Wilkes-Barre enough? Your fate is tied closely to that of Hazleton and other cities in the county. You are, after all, part of the same labor market area, according to the Federal Govern­ ment and you can benefit from Federal assistance programs by acting as an area as a whole. Does this mean the county is the logical plan­ ning unit? Not necessarily. You share many problems with neighbors outside the county. You share an airport with Scranton and there are other problems of ac­ cess common to both Lackawanna and Luzerne Counties. But we can argue that even this is an arbitrary limit, for Lu­ zerne County is sustained by resources which reach far from home. You have a deep stake in the condition of the Susquehanna River as it flows past your front door, for instance. The recreational facilities in the Foconos and in the Sullivan highlands offer prime assets to this re­ gion. You must have an interest in what is going on further down the line along the highways which serve you and connect you with other areas, for highways have meaning as factors in industrial location only in terms of the points they connect. But let us take a closer look at some of the factors which go in­ to growth in this modern world of ours and see what you can do to plan for it. - 5 - �6 ll-' L !1J 1 I I s 3 L 1 B tt a a j i a a L The basic consideration must be industrial diversification. The day of the one-industry town is gone. A large community can no longer afford to hitch its wagon to one star. Technology and the market change, too fast to permit such reliance. It is a disservice to your people to subject them to a one-horse economy that will fluctuate violently as tastes and technology. But the ability to attract a diversified industry depends upon many things -- factors outside the fundamental questions of labor mar­ ket, tax structures, and financing alternatives. I would say that one of the key elements is accessibility. Now it is clearly beyond your capabilities to provide the basic-, transportation network necessary to keep you strategically placed as a distribution point for goods and services, but I do not hesitate to say that the State and Federal Governments are doing very well by you in planning this one aspect of your future. Few places in the United States will possess a more advantageous position on the National Interstate: Highway System than this. You will be athwart one of the main Mid­ west-Eastern Seaboard routes. You are smack on the major route now being developed into Canada. You are well served, via the Turnpike, by a water outlet in Philadelphia. And you will be plugged into the diagonal transportation network between New England and the Middle South via the Anthracite Expressway. Obviously there will be a great deal of commercial and industrial development near the interchanges of this network and the job of see­ ing that you gain full advantage from them rests upon your shoulders. Community planning is a local responsibility and so is zoning. You can not afford to permit these premium interchange locations tobe eaten up by second-rate development at the expense of prime, high-wage, highrevenue producing industry. Your responsibilities go beyond this. You want to bring this new life-blood into downtown, but no one is going to hazard the trip unless you give him clear, unobstructed, convenient and attractive ac­ cess. If you want new business downtown, you will have to look like the kind of place where good, sound modern business will be proud to locate. You can not achieve this by forcing every prospective client to explore a jungle of blight before he finally hits the downtown area. Unfortunately, however, these outlying areas are the most difficult to rejuvenate. Private money has little or no interest in partici­ pating in their renewal simply because the return on investment is too low. But the job must be done. - 6 - �c E Surprisingly most of this blight is not culm piles. Most of it is dilapidated dwellings and a garish billboard and commercial jungle which looks like something out of a second-rate carnival. E t E I il Second in importance only to accessibility is water and all that it entails. This is the fundamental ingredient for most large industry. It is a resource which we in Pennsylvania can offer in abundance. It is one of our greatest advantages. You have, in the Susquehanna River, an unparalleled opportunity. But it must be harnessed. It must be harnessed first for flood control, for no new business is going to risk its investment in an area where it is apt to lose every­ thing in a natural catastrophe that might have been prevented. You are fortunate, for the Army Engineer s and the State Depart­ ment of Forests and Waters are working on your flood control up and down the valley at this moment. But the river offers wide opportunity and to concentrate upon control alone would be a mistake. The river offers us water for in­ dustry, for recreation, possibly for power, for the conservation of fish and wildlife. It can be controlled so that the floods of spring are stored to be used at times of low flow when we need that excess water to work for us. Only a unified, comprehensive plan for the entire river can do the job right and your Congressman, Dan Flood, is fighting for the plan with the full support of the Army Engineers, the State Planning Board, and the Department of Forests and Waters. .1 il iii a IV J But this water must also be clean and keeping it clean is a local job. If Scranton dumps its wastes in the river, Wilkes-Barre's indus­ try will have to clean it up. And the same is true all the way down river. The bold fact is, ladies and gentlemen, that modern industry needs clean water and it can not afford to locate where it must pay to clean up someone else's mess. The wisest step you can take, in the long run, therefore, is to see that your community meets its respon­ sibility on that score, and, frankly, I don't think you have, thus far. Fundamental to any community growth is its supply of young talent and skilled labor. You have waiting to be tapped a superb labor market. In your colleges, you have a sound asset for training young talent, but the best modern industry demands a cultural atmosphere that extends beyond this. The community must contain within itself the bp* portunities for a fuller and richer life. ,L - 7 L I E �of Community Development is at your disposal. You have at your dis­ posal the pioneering urban renewal programs of the State Government. But still the job is yours and yours alone. You have made an admirable start on this complicated but allimportant job. You have a County Planning Commission with a com­ petent technical staff (and, incidentally, I commend to your attention their ''General Appearance Report of the Wilkes-Barre/Hazleton Met­ ropolitan Area", which is an excellent and a potentially important doc­ ument - important if you do something about it). You have City Plannig Commissions in Wilkes-Barre, Hazleton, Nanticoke, and Pittston, in the Boroughs of Edwardsville, Forty Fort, Freeland, Kingston, Nuan­ gola, West Hazleton, and White Haven, and in the townships of Hanover, Fairview, Foster, Hazle, Jenkins, Kingston, Lake, Rice, Slocum, Sugar Loaf, Wilkes-Barre, and Wright. This accounts for 23 of the 73 civil subdivisions within the county. Do we assume that the other 50 have no current or forseeable problems? You have redevelopment - 8 - �authorities in Hazleton, Nanticoke, Pittston, and Wilkes-Barre. You, through the Northeast Pennsylvania Industrial Development Commission, have taken the initial steps toward participation in the new Federal Area Redevelopment Program. But remember, there is no magic in the word "planning". Nothing happens miraculously merely through the creation of a planning agency. The people involved must have vision, must have an under­ standing of the potentiality of the planning process, must have a willing­ ness to study the field and to find out what tools are available to them and how they have worked in similar circumstances elsewhere. There must be a willingness to support these activities not only on the part of elected officials but also by the community as a whole. And this is your job. No one in Harrisburg or Washington can do it for you. The raw resources are here for growth. You stand at the end of an era -- the erawhen you depended upon the market for one commodity to sustain you. Now you must change your focus, as you have already done in the field of industrial development, and shift your gaze to a broader, more diversified view of your role in a growing America. "There is a new America every morning when we wake up", Adlai Stevenson once wrote, "It is upon us whether we will it or not. The new America is the sum of many small changes -- a new subdivi­ sion here, a new school there, and new industries where there had been swamp land -- changes that add up to a broad transformation in our lives. Our task is to guide these changes, for although change is inev­ itable, change for the better is a full time job. " I can promise you the full time cooperation of your State Gov­ ernment in getting the job done. - 9 - �I ! 8 3 8 3 I J INTRODUCTORY REMARKS Andrew Hourigan, Jr, , President Greater Wilkes-Barre Chamber of Commerce I The decline of the basic industry in this area has had a terrific impact. The Chamber of Commerce has been engaged in efforts to re­ place the anthracite economy by a healthy, diversified economy depend­ ing on many industries. In our efforts to attract industry, we have found that factors, far beyond our earlier ideas, entered into the selection of a satisfactory community for plant location. I! , I ■ 3 i I 8 8 8 We have discovered that plants are no longer located by intuition or on the basis of insufficient data, or brochures. Any industry consi­ dering new location has a definite plan based on clear-cut, sound busi­ ness principles. This has led us, who have been working on inducing industry to come to Wyoming Valley, to conclude that critical self-eval­ uation of our assets and liabilities was essential if this area is to be given new life. We have on this panel three nationally known authorities who have joined us in the Conference and whose remarks should help in stimulating this group of community leaders in their efforts to create a more favorable environment for industrial growth and regional pros­ perity. 8 I i 8 u J 1 L I I 10 - L �1 ] i 3 FLEXIBLE ZONING I by Robert C. Ledermann, Director Community Facilities and Urban Renewal National Association of Home Builders I would like to discuss with you briefly today some of the think­ ing that is going on, and some of the ideas that are being developed in the field of residential land use. Ideas and proposals which offer great potential promise for overcoming some of the problems we are all fa­ miliar with in the development of our urban areas, by setting new pat­ terns of desirable land use, with the retention of esthetic charm and provision for amenities, comfort, and privacy. There is prospect also that these objections can be accomplished with reasonable cost savings, avoiding the great waste of urban sprawl. n n c L I don't think it is necessary to go into great detail on the defi­ ciencies of our present urban pattern, brought on to some extent by our traditional concept of zoning and subdivision controls. 0 I It is widely recognized that present land use controls are often inadequate in their approach to land use and development. They are in­ adequate in the sense that they provide too little flexibility for situations in which variations from normal procedures are called for, and inade­ quate in allowing room for the exercise of imagination. 1 i k: li 1 Many zoning ordinances trace their roots back to the concept of land development as it used to be practices on an individual lot by lot basis. Today, however, most new development is undertaken by sub­ dividers, who take a tract of land and develop plans for the entire area, frequently including provision for other activities, in addition to resi­ dential uses. We should think in terms of land and its use as a large scale matter, and of the relationship of a piece of land to its total surr ounding s. I should make it clear right here that my words should not be. taken to mean that home builders are opposed in principle to planning and zoning. Not at all; it is rather that we so often see these controls applied with such a heavy-handedness, or lifted from another context and applied uniformly to another area, making no allowance for local 11 P L �I II' B fi 8 ■ JI n i n i C C ii L 1 i a 1 n a a J i P - 1 il a 0 o I ,L i variation. We would like these tools to be used constructively, and not in a negative sense. I'd like to call your attention, in this regard, to a recent publi­ cation put out by the Urban Land Institute, whose Max Wehrly we are pleased to have with us today. This is Technical Bulletin No. 42 "Den­ sity Zoning, " a valuable analysis of basic zoning concepts, with recom­ mendations for rethinking our approach to zoning. We should get away from the imposed uniformity and monotony of the typical zoning formula. In areas with peculiar terrian problems such as in Allegheny County, Pa. , and I presume to a lesser extent here in Luzerne County, it should be possible, for instance, to take advantage of steep slope sites by allowing houses and other buildings to be sited so that the maximum usable ground area will be retained. In other words, uniform set-back requirements should be set aside in favor of the exercise of initiative so that a more attractive and worthwhile sub­ division may be possible. With very great population growth facing us, especially in the urban areas, we must find means of accommodating great numbers of people in ways that will not waste our land. I said that I didn't intend to dwell on the problems, and now I'd like to describe some of the thought that is being given to the question of improving our use of the land. At NAHB, we have had a special committee studying this situa­ tion for the past two and a half years. Initially, the committee asked itself the question, "Does the present manner of laying out residential subdivisions necessarily represent the most effective and attractive means of accommodating residential growth?" The answer was that we can only find out by looking to see what alternative propositions may be possible, and what they may offer. The upshot of this committee's work was the joining together with a similar committee from the Urban Land Institute, and the joint undertaking of a study of innovations -- ideas and proposals which have been advanced, and of actual work which has been accomplished. This year long, intensive study, carried out with the assistance of a profes­ sional land planning firm— Harman, O'Donnell and Henninger of Den­ ver, Colorado, -- resulted in the publication of Urban Land Institute's Technical Bulletin No. 40, "New Approaches to Residential LandDevelopment. " ,L L I!l 12 - �II II! i Id i IL 1 it 18 G i! 0 n j Now what is the significance of these ideas to today's problems here in Luzerne County? In relation to the present day problems of attracting industry and strengthening the economic health of the area, bold new ideas on residential planning and development may seem somewhat remote. Nevertheless, there is an inescapable relationship between a community's willingness to better itself and be receptive to progress and more improved development, and the attraction of that area for industrial and business enterprises. li □ LI u A relatively simple device, which yet offers latitude, is that of average lot size zoning, in lieu of fixed minimum lot sizes. Instead of a standard minimum requirement of 12, 000 square foot lots, the ordin­ ance could provide for an average of 12, 000 square feet, and allowing some lots to be developed as low as 9, 000 square feet and some within the same subdivision up to about 15, 000 square feet. In this way variety and allowance for terrain variation can be introduced. By way of illustration of some of the current new thinking, I'd like to refer you to the pamphlet put out by the Santa Clara County, California, Planning Department entitled "The Common Green," of which there are some copies here you may take. d P Out of this survey, the most promising proposals are those re­ lating to density control zoning, under which the density of a givenarea is established, rather than fixed specifications for individual lot sizes, frontage and yard requirements; cluster zoning, in which buildings are specifically grouped in convenient arrangements, each with private yard space of its own, but with the excess space grouped into a common us­ able open area, rather than made a part of each individual lot; planned unit developments, in which outright provision is made for a combina­ tion of dwellings and use types within an overall tract, on a pre-ar­ ranged basis, thus avoiding the homogeneity of a mass of housing types all of the same character. <! □ Li I'd like to urge you, incidentally, to obtain this publication, plus the one I mentioned earlier, for background in developments in this di­ rection. t l I hope to leave these thoughts with you today, not with the expec­ tation that tomorrow will bring about radical changes in the way of doing things, but rather with the idea that you will be familiar with the cur­ rent of new ideas which are stirring and which ar e her e and therebreaking through the surface and will increasingly continue to do so in the future. i. LJ I 13 - �E ni E i i II I a Good planning will incorporate more and more of these ideas, and to the extent that you consider them in the future development of this County, there will be that much more progress toward an environ­ ment which will be increasingly beneficial to the overall economic pic­ ture. Sji 5j« if o ! a T P !1 m r * a !} I) - 'j .. n B i ■ .1 J 1 Li l ■J E a 14 - �i L Hi I ; E E 8 I 8 FINANCING NEEDED for COMMUNITY GROWTH I? by William F. Keesler Senior Vice President The First National Bank of Boston Financing is the key to all development, whether it be public or private. We can plan, we can zone, and we can dream, but we have to be practical and nothing is accomplished unless it can be financed, and the users of our end product are satisfied with the results. You cannot sensibly force growth and have it economically sound. . There has been a lot of talk about the housing market; some of the lack of sales has been blamed on the mortgage market. Mortgage money has been available at proper rates which have been pretty stable over an extended period. The trouble is that building costs have gone up so that the lower bracket mass market cannot afford them. il The Government's attempt to keep carrying charges (interest and principal) down has worked in reverse and helped to increase costs. ! ! Local real estate taxes in many places have kept pace with these costs also. T k 3 i I 8' : if ■ if I 1 I 0 0 8 i The net result is that we cannot furnish new housing for the lower income groups without subsidy and interest rates and :the mortgage market has little to do with it. Very little is said about labor costs in building, which are up several hundred percent since the 20's, but it is more popular to com­ plain about interest rates. The production of single family homes has declined because they have to be priced out of the market. This means that financing rehabilitation is just as important as new growth. The combination of urban renewal condemnation proceedings and the new FHA Home Improvement loans should be a big help. 15 - �i I L 1 P 8 r GA IL' c , I is 0 ] 0 -! fl I ■Jli J J These loans can be employed both in and out of urban renewal areas, and FNMA presently will issue standby commitments and pur­ chase these loans if local capital for the purpose is not made available. Code enforcement is a must to maintain values in a rehabilita­ tion area. Information and processing centers are needed to coordinate the work. We need the demand of users before we can finance, can very well raise the question -- Which comes first? So, you The answer is that plans cannot be expedited in a minute and the demand and financing have to go along together. There can be no "Back Door Financing" of real sound growth.. It is too much like cost plus contracts; costs can pyramid. The direct approach is needed, and appropriation of funds by intelligent investors for specific purposes, if the economy supports the purpose. Financing, of course, applies to the financing of your public fa­ cilities, such as schools, roads, sewer systems, water, etc. , just as much as it applies to financing new or improved retail facilities, a new industrial plant, or housing. In fact, we are finding more and more today that the financing of shopping centers and industrial plants often hinges upon adequate public facilities, soundly financed on a basis which the community and industry can afford tax-wise. The basic requirements of either municipal financing or. private; financing of investment or home properties contain certain common el­ ements. The first of these is probably factual information. The investor in either case is going to want to know a lot of facts about the.community in order to judge the ability to repay a loan. user. 1 The investor or lender requires the same' information as the Some of the major industrial climate factors are: Availability of labor at reasonable cost Sufficient and convenient transportation Community interest and cooperation - 16 - �I 1 1 Acceptable zoning provisions Acceptable site Reasonable real estate prices Favorable climate (weather, that is) Good cultural environment Sound and livable tax structure at both local and state levels IL The value of bricks and mortar depend on such factors. 1 Credit confidence comes from knowledge -- of all facts, both good and bad. That is why, although our work here for the Common­ wealth of Pennsylvania and the Federal Government on an Urban Renew­ al Demonstration Project is pitched mainly on the fiscal side, we begin with a review of the existing data and supplement it as deemed needed with additional facts which will provide what we consider necessary to give potential investors a true picture of the area. 1 I i B 0 0 L j i There is no set pattern for financing growth. If the elements that justify it are there, or can be developed, both demands for use and financing will be found available. Because the types of properties to be developed arid the users vary widely, both as to their special nature and credit of the users, all types of financing are required in the early stages. But the original real estate development decisions are influ­ enced substantially by financing ability. It is typical in the business to have a buyer finance a major portion of the investment by purchase money mortgage, syndication, second mortgages, front money loans---or a combination of all of them. After development, many real estate mortgage loans or purchase lease deals are eventually made with surprisingly little consideration given to the bricks and mortar involved, and credit of the user is the major factor. 1 It I I The very type of aggressive imagination required by the devel­ oper is often not accompanied by his own supply of funds, and the pos­ sessor of substantial funds or better than average credit is perhaps in­ clined to be too conservative to go into new developments with any high degree of risk. The local financial climate and local confidence has a lot to do with fixing prices and establishing current values. a On Urban Redevelopment the statement that we hear quite often that the Government pays two-thirds and the City one-third of the net cost of urban renewal is true as far as it goes, but it is misleading. 17 - 1 I I'' I. �A ~ It 1 i The funds available for study and planning and the right of con­ demnation are tremendous tools, but although Urban Renewal has existed for over a decade and has included acquisition funds, actual accomplish­ ment of new private building in connection with it have appeared to be rather negligible. 1 8 ! This is not critical of past or present administration of the pro­ gram; actually it is complimentary, as haste does not produce sound planning. Also, there is a distinct question as to how much Urban Re­ newal any given area can afford in a short period, or, unless it is actu­ ally accompanied by sound growth and increasing employment, in the immediate area involved. IL As long as I have already wandered off my subject, I might di­ gress just a moment to comment on the demonstration project which we are pleased to be conducting here for the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania and the Urban Renewal Authority of the Housing and HomeFinance Agenr cy. Our demonstration project was intended to determine just what a bank has to offer in the urban renewal process. v I J It seems to us that in the review and analysis, and interpretation of economic data, fiscal facts, and development possibilities, that the banks of our country can make an important contribution to the success of the needed urban renewal program. i! I •• j Our experience seems to indicate that , any facts gathered by hard work in many agencies need coordination and interpretation to be really meaningful in relation to the fiscal problems of the ar ea involved. Surely some of the experiences of your banker s in studying the resources of communities, and of private businesses, and calculating the risks of courses of action which require financing, can be applied to local ur­ ban renewal problems to assist communities and potential developers to reach sound investment decisions. In fact, it may be a necessity to have the knowledgeable whole­ hearted support of local bankers in addition to that of realtors, busi­ nessmen, and public officials to really make urban renewal work. They can be the catalyst. Fj In addition to my remarks on private financing and urban renewal, I must refer to municipal finance since a sound municipal economy is basic to all financing of community growth. ! i For a number of years our bank was interested in a school to train city manager. This was approached by a case study method. The 18 - i! �I 1 I general purpose of these studies was to teach how to determine what any community has to work with, what it needed, and what it could afford, I Here in Wilkes-Barre this is basically what we have been at­ tempting to do through the studies we have been making. Ih £ i a I i i II H!’ j i ■■ hJ This has involved an economics base study and capitol improve­ ment study, as well as an understanding of the political structure" charged with the responsibility of operating the municipal corportation, and making it possible for private enterprise to operate profitably, as continued payrolls have to underlie the economy. From these facts, plus engineering reports on existing facili­ ties and replacement requirements, can be developed a workable bond­ ing program. In addition to needs, it is up to the citizens of a community to decide what kind of a city they want, to live in and what they will pay for. Growth in itself may offer no particular benefits unless it is balanced growth and improves the well-being of present citizens. Here you have been going through a transition period, you have had a loss of population in the city limits, and many of your citizens are traveling some distances from home to work which means you have an active labor pool available, but it does not look to me like a dis­ tressed area. Your Industrial Fund and civic agencies are doing a good con­ structive job of attracting new industry; this is being done and should be done without committing the city credit except for reasonable facil­ ities. Logical assistance from State and Federal agencies is a lot dif­ ferent than building up fixed charges for the City that will repel devel­ opment eventually, because of taxes needed to service the debt, which in turn lessens flexibility in operating local government. a Evidence is here that you are making the right approach. looks like you are over the hump in this transition period. I J I have traveled around and seen problems arise from many causes. . . . such as the shifting of textile business from New England and in another area a false foom because of substantial construction subsequently not supported by industrial employment. It Industrial Construction has been cff this year due to the reces­ sion in new investment in plant and equipment, nearly 15% below the 9 - 19 - �■ I I B I IE 1960 peak rate. Many factors indicate that this will turn upward and I see no reason why with real local cooperation the Wilkes-Barre area is financed, and not in a position to attract the kind of growth that can 1be —-----------, — compete satisfactorily with other cities in this effort. * * * * JU ! 0 l£j 9 Mo r i L J i ir I a 11 11 'I 51 p 0 1 i I - 20 - �I il !U i THE ROLE OF INDUSTRY IN COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT ■I by Max S. Wehrly, Executive Director Urban Land Institute K IS I ' Ip Lu IE B I 1 !1 a 0 - 0 J a fl Industry plays both a direct and an indirect role in the growth and development of our urban communities. This is not to imply that industry's direct role in community development is always a voluntary one. More often than not the reverse may be true. For instance, in­ dustry's part in developing the community's economic base---- about which has been considerable intellectual discussion and disagreement-is a direct role. A failing industry has a direct effect on the community, but failure is hardly a voluntary act on the part of the industry concerned. DIRECT ROLE Industry's Contribution to the Community's Economy: Although some aspects of the economic base concept have been under attack re­ cently, I think all of us would agree that in an industrial economy such as ours, industrial activities, particularly manufacturing, are prereq­ uisites to the economic well-being of most of our urban areas. To test this premise we need only observe the effects of the removal of a few key industries from a community. Certainly the Wilkes-Barre area requires no further testing than that which it has already experienced. Industry's primary role in community development, then, is the direct effect it has on the area's economy--the employment it provides, the wages it pays, the taxes it contributes, the ancillary industries and services it supports, and the like. The effect an individual industry has on a particular community depends, of course, on the characteristics of the industry in question and the degree to which the community is de­ pendent upon a single productive activity. Does the industry have good growth prospects, or is it a declining business? Is the community's economy diversified, or is it overly dependent on a few industries and consequently highly sensitive to cyclical fluctuations or operating deci­ sions of one or two firms? These questions are not as easily answered as they might at first appear. Let me illustrate: II L - 21 �A community's economy might be based on. a single industry and still enjoy a high degree of economic stability if, for instance, that in­ dustry were a food precessing plant--say a breakfast cereal producer, which characteristically is not subject to widely fluctuating demands. However, should competition and rising labor costs force the industry to seek lower production costs through increased automotion, this, in turn, could have depressing repercussions on the local economy. On the other hand, a community could be dependent on an indus­ try which has been producing a product for which there is a declining market, with the result that the industry and the community are suffer­ ing correspondingly. Although the initial results are economically pain­ ful this situation could stimulate increased researchand product diver­ sification which ultimately might result in future growth and stability for the industry and community alike. Consider also the community with a high per capita income and full employment which acquires an industry which brings in unskilled workers from the outside and pays them a relatively low wage, well be­ low the wage rates prevailing in the community. In this case the result of acquiring a new industry might be to lower the per capita income of the community and necessitate increasing community facilities and services. Many other hypothetical examples could be given, but these should suffice to illustrate the pitfalls in attempting to predict an in­ dustry's or a community's economic future by applying oft-repeated generalizations--no matter how widely accepted or abstractly sound they may seem--to individual situations. The point should be made that no situation, economic or otherwise, can be viewed as though it were static or permanent. Only change is constant. Similarly, no trend should ever be wishfully projected in the direction in which it is cur­ rently going. But, those whose luck has been abominably bad need seek no consolation in this because change--or at least the change we desire-does not necessarily come automatically, If left to its own devices a situation may change, but for the.worse. Or, it might get better, but so slowly and imperceptibly that it provides us little or no comfort. In short, change may need a catalyst in the form of positive action both on the part of industry and of the community if the desired results are to be achieved soon enough to be beneficial to those who initiate them. - 22 - �I 11 a III . 2 s J ib c n c ■■ r .. H ] $ I i 0 I I 1 d s a J 0 I I j Plant Location and Community: This brings us to the indirect role industry plays in community development, either consciously or inadvertently. Industry, through its power to locate, relocate or expand its facilities in locations of its own choosing is exerting considerable influence over those communities that are seeking to promote industrial development in their areas. With industry's increased mobility and lat­ itude in site selection over the past decade, its indirect role in re­ awakening community interest and action in improving local conditions promises to loom even greater in the future than it has in the past, (comment on court cases pending on seniority rights of employees in relocating employees. Cases involving The Glidden Company, Elm­ hurst, N. Y. , & Gemmer Manufacturing Company, Detroit, Michigan. ) A further contribution to this phenomenon is industry's growing need and preference for highly skilled and professional employees at the expense of unskilled workers. Thus, those people to whom high stand­ ards in community facilities and services and cultural attractions are most important, are the very ones that modern industry most actively seeks. To attract this level of employee in selecting a plant site, in­ dustry must devote considerable attention to such things as: the number and quality of the schools and libraries; the caliber of the colleges and univer sities in the area; the medical facilities andpersonnel; the church­ es; the cultural facilities such as art galleries and museums; planning, zoning and development, and redevelopment policies and programs; the civic attitude of the citizensand the government; the general appearance of the community and its downtown areas; the honesty and efficiency of local governing bodies, and other similar factors which we associate with community attitudes and what has become to be known as the "busi­ ness climate" of the area. According to recent reports there are today 14, 000 industrial development organizations in the U. S. and Canada. Most of these groups are area development organizations, both private and governmentsponsored, that are responsible for holding existing firms and attracting new industries to their respective communities. The intensive drive being put on for new industry by thousands of communities is particular­ ly interesting when it is realized that in I960 only about 350 branch in stallations or relocations took place outside the community in which the industry was already established. Initially, the efforts of these industrial development groups to make their areas known to prospective industrialists were largely lim- - 23 - 1 J INDIRECT ROLE 'I �■ J i) ■ T‘ 'll B E E I E u > .c tn 1 I I I 8 1 I ited to producing promotional brochures extolling the many economic and social virtues of their communities along with the inevitable "circle" map designed to prove conclusively that the community in question was pre­ cisely in the geographic heart of everything. Sometimes it was neces­ sary to draw a 500 or even a 1, 000 mile circle to include all the desired markets and people. This, of course, poses no problem for the experi­ enced draftsman. More recently, however, growing numbers of communities are coming to realize that action speaks louder than words--or circles. Fur­ ther, they are aware of industry's increasing attention, not only to exist­ ing conditions in a community, but also to evolving trends in community attitude and the business climate. These communities have come toknow that plant location representatives are not only interested in. the current tax rate and assessment ratio, but also in the current status of bonded indebtedness in order to project probable future trends in tax policy. Likewise, the site seeker is apt to be fully as concerned, if not more so, with community improvement projects--both under way and in the plan­ ning stage--as he is in what is currently wrong with the community. The community that can show positive action .toward alleviating local problems and shortcomings, holds a very definite advantage over the one which is equipped only with a list of its current attributes and a map with a large bullseye circumscribed around its name. It has been interesting to observe in some of our Urban Land Institute studies that communities who previously could not be jarred out of their complacency or lethargy to undertake civic improvement pro­ jects, and upon being tod by industrial representatives serving on .the ULI Panels of the high degree of importance industry places on such ac­ tion, have frequently embarked immediately upon community rehabilita­ tion and redevelopment projects that probably would not have gotten off the ground otherwise. Happily, more often than not, action breeds more action and once the initial project is undertaken, additional programs follow. Thus, industry, without even locating a plant, may bring about community improvements that at best would otherwise have been slow in coming. This, then, is industry1 s indirect role in community develop­ ment. INDUSTRY-COMMUNITY COOPERATION Up to now we have considered industry and the community as though each was a separate entity, sacred unto itself. Obviously1, this is not the case. Industry and the community are mutually dependent. - 24 - �■J i Industry needs the people, and the facilities and the services of the com­ munity; and the community prospers financially from a healthy industry. A strong business enterprise, can hardly exist without a strong com­ munity, and vice versa. L But before talking about industry-community cooperation, let's look at what industry is and is not. First, industry, per se, is not ded­ icated to the role of savior of foundering municipalities. It is not in business for the purpose of absorbing increased municipal costs, no matter how high a purpose this may be. As a rule, industry is not sub­ sidized; therefore, it cannot be ordered by any government agency to operate in a particular community for the purpose of contributing to a failing tax base. i 8 I T ! 1 3 d. 8 8 B On the other hand, neither should the community put itself in the position of attempting to be the highest bidder for any and all new in­ dustries. This form of prostitution can attract some unhealthy and foot­ loose bedfellows whose contributions to the community are on the deficit side of the ledger. If an industry is to be an asset to a community it must be there for sound artificial inducements that itbecomes possible ? for an otherwise unprofitable operation to become temporarily compet­ itive. In short, industry-community cooperation does not mean in­ dustry should assume the role of the benevolent provider for the com­ munity in which it is located; nor does it mean that the community in its anxiety to attract and hold industry should relieve corporate citizens of their proper tax obligationsand other financial responsibilities. What it does mean is that industry and the community must pool their efforts to create an environment that is conducive to the efficient and harmo­ nious operation of both. Mr. Lemuel R. Boulware, recently retired Vice President of General Electric, in charge of Relations Services, expressed his com­ pany's view of industry-community relations in these terms: "We look upon planned community relations as a two-way street. We feel keenly the interdependence of the community and the company. Each seeks proper opportunities and commensurate rewards. Each must give as well as take. Also each must understand and approve the specific opportunities and rewards being made available to both. If it is to be a rewarding arrangement for either the 'gives' and 'takes' must balance fairly for both---- and must be known to do so. " - 25 - J tl �i S a i T s 'IID d) u [E [[ 8 0 <T Although rather widely accepted, the term "corporate citizen­ ship" is only vaguely understood by many who use it. For industry to accept the position of corporate citizen requires that it understand the citizen-like obligations it must assume toward all aspects of community life. For the community to accept industry as a corporate citizen re­ quires that the citizenry not only welcome the new 'citizen' by recog­ nizing its value, but also that they understand its particular needs for facilities and services and accept the obligation of making these ser­ vices available. In discussing industry's role as a corporate citizen, Dr. Max Wolff, a community consultant and associate professor at New York University, made the following observations: "Under our form of government the citizen has the right and ob­ ligation to participate in the affairs of the community. The corporate citizen is in the same position. He must analyze his role as a partici­ pant; he must carefully avoid to mispractice it in such a way that it be­ comes or can become misconstrued as an attempt to take over. Mana­ gerial leaders, especially plant manager, must learn, and should be taught, the art of participation in order to perform this role effectively from point of view of the community as well as from the point of view of the industry they represent. " Basically then, industry's role as a corporate citizen is to par­ ticipate and cooperate in the affairs of the community. Actually in­ dustry's function in this capacity should not be under estimated since the corporate citizen possesses a valuable resource. This resource is its pool of talent in the form of a highly educated and knowledgeable profes­ sional and executive staff. Frequently the experience and background of these employees qualify them ideally for participation in many commu­ nity projects. The community's, as well as industry's, gain is in direct proportion to the contributions these representatives are able to make. In order that industry's place within the community be better understood the local citizens must be informed of the assets and liabili­ ties connected with industrial development. Industry must be willing to cooperate on problems arising as a consequence of industrial growth, such as overcrowding in housing and schools, increased automobile and truck traffic on local streets, and the like. And of equal importance, the local people must be made aware of industry's willingness to coop­ erate on such matters. On the other hand, the community must be willing to cooperate IJ I - 26 - ��THE FUTURE by Dr. Eugene S. Farley, President Wilkes College Wilkes College is happy to participate in the First Annual Com­ munity Growth Conference in Northeastern Pennsylvania. The creation of this Conference demonstrates the willingness and ability of commu­ nity leaders to face up to the problems of our area. Because of their readiness to face and resolve the problems, I grow ever more confident of the future in Wyoming Valley. ■ We have made a start in identifying our problems. The .hopes lessness and inertia of fifteen years ago have evaporated. We have made significant strides in improving the livability and economic well being of our region. But we must continue to incubate ideas and sug­ gestions if we are to continue the work that has been started. We hope that, in the days ahead, all who have attended the Con­ ference will give thoughtful consideration to the proposals and ideas that have been discussed at the Conference. By making sound use of the positive proposals presented to the conferences, we can plan more effectively for the future of our area. I b I L - 28 - ��builders have given our cities contemporary structures which are most appealing. These structures are generally, clean, bereft of unnecessary clutter, and well adopted to their purposes. There is nothing new in the statement that architecture is one of the most apparent expression of the diverse influences we call "culture". "We have no quarrel with contem­ porary architecture. But, we also recognize that a city is a collection of people, and is a reflection of their tastes and needs. There will be wide devergence,s of tastes among these people, not only at any given time,, but over time as well. And cities are inhabited by many different groups of people over many years, each of whom left an imprint -- a distinct physical imprint. It is well to preserve all of the best and the good which has been bequeathed to our cities. Aesthetically speaking, earlier con­ tributions to the architectural scene of the city are beautiful in their own right. They further serve to relieve the urban scene from one of its most serious potential flaws -- monotony. It is a pleasure to get a re­ freshing change of perspective from the blending of varied architectur­ al forms throughout a city. This applies to all kinds of buildings -- res­ idential, commercial, public, industrial. Many of our cities are becom­ ing keenly aware of the aesthetic values in their buildings and are going to great lengths to preserve them. 0 0 b Following from the aesthetic, and intimately related to it is the sense of historical values. The city has been the nodal concentration and progenitor of culture in every civilization since man has learned to house himself and his activities apart from those facilities ready-made by nature. We can foresee no prospect of the city relinquishing its cru­ cial role. Just as we trust that those who follow us will be interested in preserving and using our contributions to the city, likewise we should endeavor to preserve that which has been provided by our forbears. There is no city or town, however small, which does not contain some good structures of significance in its past. Dealing more specifically now with the Urban Renewal Adminis­ tration, how is conservation approached? Fundamentally, any type of urban renewal project is approached in the same manner. A project area is delimited with special reference, in our case, to its conservation and the overall planning is undertaken. Most conservation projects will in­ volve some clearance. From the viewpoint of the entire project, then, the procedures are the same as for a clearance project. The sameserie's of applications, the same Federal Grant ratios, and so forth. The most obvious difference is one which we have already noted. For a given pro­ ject, where conservation is feasible, costs will be lower for conservation than for a clearance effort in the same project. It does take a good bit of information and study to designate a conservation area which will be amenable to the desired end result. .Some : J - 30 - �I a n a □ I e E £ £ J u u 1 u 1 L [ s of the questions which must be answered are worth reviewing. The in­ itial approach lies within the neighborhood and its component physical structures. The homes, commercial buildings and whatever is being conserved must, physically and economically, be, if you will, "con­ servable. " Are all those factors which make for a pleasant environ­ ment actually or potentially there? Streets, traffic patterns, schools, churches, shopping, parking, recreation facilities -- all of these must be provided either through maintaining existing facilities, improving existing facilities, or providing new ones. Further, it must be feasible to do so on a better basis than can be done through clearance. Assuming the potential for a sound neighborhood is there, :the next question has to do with the attitudes of the residents. Are they in­ terested in upgrading their neighborhood -- and keeping it that way? If they are interested, are they financially able to bear their personal bur­ dens in their own rehabilitation responsibilities? Or if th ftp-resent idents of the area are unable or unwilling to cooperate in the venture, can the area be conserved and rehabilitated and have sufficient appeal to be marketed to a new group of residents? Needless to say, all of the answers require considerable research and knowledge of the area and of the..city.’ It is my feeling that, in many respects, the proper planning and executive or a worthwhile conservation area requires more skill and hard work than the clearance of an area. In some cases, the temptation might be to throw up our hands and go ahead with clearance, or abandon the effort altogether. On the other hand, the greater effort and skill required of conservation will concom­ itantly result in a greater reward. I should now like to mention the assistance available.to communi­ ties through the Urban Renewal Administration. In the Housing Act of: 1954, Congress created a program to prevent, as well as to clear, slums, The President's Advisory Committee on Government Housing policies and programs had found that the clearance of slum areas and their rebuilding for better use would not be enough to solve the problem of blight in our communities. The Committee recommended a Program that would prevent the spread of blight into good areas by conserving buildings and neighbor­ hoods. This is known today as the Conservation or Rehabilitation phase of the Urban Renewal Program. It recognizes the need to protectand upgrade those neighborhoods which are basically sound but just beginning to show evidences of deterioration. This Program not only recognizes the necessity for upgrading the structures in a given area, but also the - 31 - J s- �n 1 5 Q r iI a □ LJ £ J J J u I L i L i 1 a i IJ 'Id ill concurrent planning to remove the causes of blight and the provision of needed public improvements in order to insure the long term stability of the area. In a conservation project it may be necessary to improve exist­ ing or build needed community facilities, or the area may beg for public improvements to restore itself to its full potential. In recognition of this, the Housing Administration provides that the costs for theconstruc— tion or repair of these improvements and facilities are eligible as local contributions to the net project costs. This means that a locality may receive credit for these community improvements in a proportion which is directly related to the degree to which they serve the project area. Simply, an elementary school, costing one million dollars is erected which will accommodate two thousand pupils. Five hundred pupils, or 25 percent of the total, will attend this school from the project area.. Therefore, 25 percent of the total cost of the building, or $250, 000 is credited to the locality to reduce its share of project costs. In order to encourage this total neighborhood planning, the conservation program makes eligible for inclusion in project costs the services of professional and technical consultants to work with your Redevelopment Authority to identify and isolate the problems and plan accordingly. Consultant ser­ vices are also available to project residents to aid them in determining how best to achieve the improvement of their particular property, ways and means of financing the costs and finally, in contracting for the work to be done. It falls to you, then as neighborhood leaders and men and women in renewal action in those areas whereyou feel it will' succeed. May we emphasize here again, that conservation is not a sub­ stitute treatment for clearance and redevelopment. Neither is it an al­ ternative nor an optional treatment. It is a positive action and purpose­ ful solution to a well considered problem. And to aid you in this most important decision of area selection and proposed treatments, we offer you the services of our field personnel and technical staff. Where con­ servation is tentatively being considered we request the participation of the Federal Housing Administration. Again, the object being to ascer­ tain FHA's general attitudes, and views as to the course of action which will permit them to make their mortgage insurance programs available in the area. Apropos of this, the Housing Act of 1961 includes legislation which adds a new section - 220(h) to the National Housing Act to estab­ lish a new home improvement loan program for homesand multi-family structures in urban renewal areas for improvement costs up to $10, 000 per family unit for a 20 year term at rates not to exceed 6 percent. Al­ so, there is a further amendment which provides a new basis for deter- - 32 - ___ �mining the maximum loan ratio on rehabilitation mortgages. The new ratio is based on the sum of the estimated cost of repair and the ap­ praised value of the property before rehabilitation. In cases involving refinancing, the mortgage cannot exceed the cost of rehabilitation and the amount required to refinance existing indebtedness. This new legislation will prove invaluable not only by bringing about a total involvement of FHA financing and a fuller relationship with their personnel, but will act as a stimulant to the building industry to participate in this expanding rehabilitation business. Much can be done by this segment of our economy, the builders, in promoting and demon­ strating in a way that people most easily understand - the finished pro­ duct - the heights our program can achieve. L I IP Here again the 1961 Housing Act makes possible a technique, previously unheard of, but fashioned to hurdle most of the obstacles which are inherent in unimaginative minds or less adverturous souls. For pur­ poses of demonstration, the Local Public Agency may acquire a certain number of dwelling units - 5% of the total number in an urban renewal project to be rehabilitated, they may take their new place in the com­ munity by being offered for sale at pre-determined prices or by public auction to interested buyers. Baltimore, in its Harlem Park project, is presently using this demonstration technique to stimulate neighborhood property owners. They were faced with the problem of first finding an interested rehabilitator; however, by permitting the Local Public Agency to function as the rehabilitator, the savings in time are both obvious and necessary. Conservation is complex but it is inevitable. In a recent address by Robert C. Weaver, the Housing and Home Finance Agency Adminis­ trator, he said, and I quote, "The housing resources of our country are far too valuable to be destroyed if they can be rehabilitated satisfactorily We hope to be able to rehabilitate a large number of dwellings. This will enable our cities to blend the old with the new, min­ imize the bulldozer approach, and reduce the volume of econ­ omical displacement incident to urban renewal. " This excerpt accurately sums up the benefits to be reapedbyour Conservation Program. It is a good program with unlimited scope. It falls to you to shape the program to your particular needs and problems. L i. In conclusion, let me say, that we will be most eager tohelpyou in whatever way we can. **** - 33 - �ROSTER OF ATTENDANCE Address Name L Position Kenneth Abell Candeub, Cabot, 8c Associates Scranton, Pennsylvania Consultant John Agnew First National Bank Boston, Massachusetts Vice-President R. Otto Amann Bureau of Community Development Department of Commerce Harrisburg, Pennsylvania Supervisor of Special Projects Thomas Arnold King's College Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania Instructor Edward Ball Wilkes-Barre Planning Commission Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania Director Mary'I. Barrett (Miss) King's College Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania Librarian S. J. Bienus Zoning and Planning Commission Hanover Township, Pennsylvania Chairman George W. Bierly Wilkes-Barre Center Penn State University Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania Director Andrew S. Bullis Department of Internal Affairs Bureau of Municipal Affairs Harrisburg, Pennsylvania Director Kenneth A. Burdon Northeastern Pennsylvania National Bank and Trust Company Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania Vice-President Robert L. Casper Lewith & Freeman Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania Realtor Leo Chiavacci Borough of Wyoming Wyoming, Pennsylvania Councilman Carroll D. Colby Welfare Planning Council Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania Executive Director - 34 - 1 �Raymond Condo Pennsylvania Economy League, Inc. Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania Research Associate Catherine Corgan Osterhout Free Library Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania Librarian Richard Cronin Chamber of Commerce Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania Secretary Claire Hart Cummings (Mrs.)'Hart Real Estate Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania L Robert H. Cummings Bell Telephone Company Community Development Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania Staff Supervisor Alfred Darte Luzerne County Board of Assessors Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania Chairman David Davis Miners National Bank Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania Vice-President Thomas H. Day Hanover National Bank Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania President John G. Disque Percy Brown & Company Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania Manager Gene Durkin Urban Renewal Administration Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania Board Member Frank Earnest Chamber of Commerce Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania Vice-President Frederick J. Eck Northeastern National Bank Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania Vice-President Vivian P. Edwards, Jr. Northeastern National Bank Scranton, Pennsylvania Vice-President Norman G. Everett Huntington Township, P enn sylvania Township Supervisor Eugene Farley Wilkes College Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania President G L II rL Realtor - 35 - �James A. Farrell Urban Redevelopment Authority Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania Site Manager John A, Gallagher City of Wilkes-Barre Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania Director of Finance Elliot Gates Chamber of Commerce Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania Staff Member Andrew Garber Board of Commissioners Hanover Township, Pennsylvania Secretary H. L. Glidden Forty Fort State Bank Forty Fort, Pennsylvania Executive Vice President William A. Good Housing & Redevelopment Division Department of Commerce Harrisburg, Pennsylvania Chief Vincent Gutendorf Gutendorf Advertising Agency Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania Public Relations Fred Hayes Urban Renewal Administration Washington, D. C. Paul Heitzenrater Sanitary Water Board Pennsylvania Department of Health Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania ) Mrs.. Edward Heiselberg Edward HJeiselberg Regional Sanitary Engineer Luzerne County Planning Commission Director of Planning Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania Elizabeth Hessei Osterhout Free Library Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania Head Librarian R. V. Hodgson Pennsylvania Power &r Light Co. Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania District Manager R. L. Hobaugh Pennsylvania Power & Light Co. Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania Community Planning Consultant Daniel W. Holloway United Gas Improvement Co. Kingston, Pennsylvania Divisional Operation Manager - 36 - �n u il u 1 Andrew Hourigan, Jr. Chamber of Commerce Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania President John Innes Urban Renewal Administration Chief Economic Advisor Milton Jacoby 67 5 Wyoming Avenue Wyoming, Pennsylvania Planning Commissioner William D. Jonathan Pennsylvania Economy League Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania Research Associate Betty Kanarr 41 West Market Street Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania Realtor Malcolm E. A. Kaufman First National Bank of Boston Boston, Massachusetts Research Specialist Howard Kayton Urban Renewal Administration Washington, D, C. William F. Keesler First National Bank of Boston Boston, Massachusetts Senior Vice-President James Kenny Amalgamated Food Employees Union-Local 72 Kingston, Pennsylvania Sec'y-Treasurer Frank Koronkiewicz Nanticoke Planning Commission Nanticoke, Pennsylvania Horace E. Kramer First National Bank Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania Re d ev el opm ent Authority Thomas E. Lehman HI Investors Diversified Services, Inc. Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania Director James T. Leigh Urban Renewal Administration Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Deputy Director Joseph R. Lesko Pennsylvania Power &: Light Co. Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania Community Development Coordinator Reuben H. Levy National Area Redevelopment Administration Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania Advisory Committee - 37 �Louis Lex Bureau of Community Development Department of Commerce Scranton, Pennsylvania Regional Representative Robert C.' Ledermann National Association of Home Builders Washington 6, D. C. Director Joseph Lipski 23 Third Street Wyoming, Pennsylvania Planning Commission Michael Lonergan Walker & Murray Associates Planning Consultant E. M. Malloy Pennsylvania Power & Light Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania Maxim Maranuk Luzerne County Home Builders White Haven, Pennsylvania Builder J. Davey Martz International Ladies' Garment Workers' Union Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania District Manager Curtis Montz (Mrs. ) Junior League of Wilkes-Barre Kingston, Pennsylvania President Herbert J. Morris First National Bank Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania Vice-President B. Hopkins Moses Wyoming Seminary Kingston, Pennsylvania President L Joseph J. Murtha Home Builders Association Pittston, Pennsylvania Director L Bala S. Neary Kingston Corners Building Kingston, Pennsylvania Realtor D. M. Odgen Bell Telephone Company Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania District Manager James E. O'Hara Redevelopment Authority Hazleton, Pennsylvania Member Vincent T. O'Hara Chamber of Commerce Pittston, Pennsylvania I I! - 38 - �L Henry D. O'Karma Redevelopment Authority Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania Executive Director Peter Paul Olszewski City Hall Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania Solicitor Herman Otto Community Research Center Wilkes -College Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania Executive Director Oliver Park First National Bank of Boston Boston, Massachusetts Coordinator of Urban Renewal Irvin Patterson Redevelopment Authority Nanticoke, Pennsylvania Executive Director Josephine Pedigo Osterhout Library Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania Librarian Clement Perkins Planning Commission Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania Chairman Mildred Pf riff er (M. D.) Planning -& Evaluation Division Department of Health Harrisburg, Pennsylvania Director Francis A. Pitkin State Planning Board Harrisburg, Pennsylvania Executive Director Ethel A. Price Public Safety Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania Director James E. Price Property Owners Protective Association of Luzerne County Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania Director Joseph M. Rava Duryea*.; Pennsylvania . Mayor E. B. Ridall Huntington, Pennsylvania Township Supervisor A. Francis Riofski Redevelopment Authority Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania Research Assistant Paul Rodda American Institute of Architects Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania u L IF; - 39 ~ �■MBW Mrs. Paul Rodda Public Affairs Commission Junior League of Wilkes-Barre Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania Chairman. Daniel Rogers Bureau of Community Development Department of Commerce Harrisburg, Pennsylvania Director Max Rosenthal Luzerne County United Community Development Conference Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania President Ray E. Roushey Wyoming Valley Boy Scout Council Kingston, Pennsylvania Engineer George L. Ruckno Forty Fort, Pennsylvania Builder Stanley Rut st ein International Ladies' Garment Workers' Union Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania Staff Member J. B. Rutkowski Forty Fort State Bank Forty Fort, Pennsylvania President George Sailus Susquehanna Savings Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania Executive Vice-President James R. Samuel Luzerne Electric Division United Gas Improvement Company Kingston, Pennsylvania Sales Manager Carl J. Schmitt Jr. Planning Commission Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania Member Ralph Schrey Luzerne County Planning Commission Senior Planner Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania Louis Shaffer Bennett Building Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania Attorney Joseph Shedlarski Home Builders Association of America Forty Fort, Pennsylvania Builder Henry Shipkowski Redevelopment Authority Nanticoke, Pennsylvania Assistant Executive Director - 40 - �John Shoemaker Planning Commission Wyoming, Pennsylvania Member Wilbur Shorts Home Builders Association Luzerne, Pennsylvania President Edwin Sites/ Redevelopment Authority Pittston, Pennsylvania Executive Director Frank Slattery City Hall Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania Mayor Mary Slesinski (Mrs.) Borough Council Laflin, Pennsylvania Secretary Patrick Wall Urban Redevelopment Authority Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania Member Norman Weiss (Mrs.) League of Women Voters Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania Member Major Lee White, Jr. Pennsylvania Gas & Water Company Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania Engineer E. C. Wideman, Jr. Luzerne County Board of Assessors Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania Assessor Wilmer L. Williams Forty Fort, Pennsylvania Builder Walter C. Wood City Schools Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania Superintendent Andrew Yenchko Redevelopment Authority Hazleton, Pennsylvania Member Anne G. Young (Mrs.) J. W. Young, Realtors Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania Realtor Robert C. Ziegler Pennsylvania Economy League Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania Research Associate - 41 - �REGISTERED BUT NOT IN ATTENDANCE Name Address Position Clifford W. Bigelow Wyoming Valley Motor Club Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania Manager Harry W. Bradbury Glen Alden Corporation Ashley, Pennsylvania Director H. H. Butler Commonwealth Telephone Company Dallas, Pennsylvania General Manager Michael Cabot Candeub, Cabot and Associates Scranton, Pennsylvania Planning Consultant r L Brinley Crahall Borough of Courtdale Courtdale, Pennsylvania Councilman [ Gerald S. Fierman Kingston, Pennsylvania Businessman Gene Golden Lackawanna County Planning Commission Scranton, Pennsylvania Member Eugene Goldstein Planning & Zdhing Commission Kingston, Pennsylvania Member James O. Lacy Lacy, Atherton & Davis Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania Architect F. C. Mueller Pennsylvania Power & Light Co. Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania Vice-President John T. Mulhall Borough of West Pittston West Pittston, Pennsylvania Borough Solicitor Ashley, Pennsylvania State Senator A. George Payne Glen Alden Corporation Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania Vice-President James J. Ruggere Shawnee Ready Mix Concrete Plymouth, Pennsylvania Businessman [ [ 0 I I Mrs. Martin L. Murray Martin L. Murray 7 .. - 42 - �I 0 JI Ji Patrick W. Shovlin United Steelworkers of America Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania Staff Representative Aaron Weiss County Planning Commission Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania Member Joseph J. Yeager Luzerne County Home Builders . White Haven, Pennsylvania Businessman Ji I i I I r I Ln i L I I T ■ I I - 43 - , i - 1° J 58780 �sat 0 0 0 0 c B i ,rri 11 ■1 n 11 i n 1I Ci i 8 i 3 E■ Q I i o I IJ ! �I ■■ 1D001L0155 WILKES COLLEGE LIBRARY B 0 0 □ 0 ,u �0 0 0 0 0 D n o j n 1 n g o � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Series VI of the Hugo Mailey papers: The Institute of Municipal Government and Institute for Regional Affairs publications, 1958-1980 Description An account of the resource Series VI: The Institute of Municipal Government and the Institute for Regional Affairs publications, 1958-1980, is arranged chronologically by publication date and contains annual reports, surveys, conference meetings, proceedings, inventories, and statistics on Wyoming Valley municipalities, institutions, and companies such as the Wyoming Valley Sanitary Authority and the Copley-Whitehall Sewer Company. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Institute of Municipal Government and Institute for Regional Affairs Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1958-1980 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Wilkes University retains copyright of these publications. Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource PDF Type The nature or genre of the resource Publications Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Proceedings First Annual Community Growth Conference, 1961 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Institute of Municipal Government Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1961 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource PDF Type The nature or genre of the resource Publication Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Wilkes University retains copyright of this publication.