278 15 4171 https://omeka.wilkes.edu/omeka/files/original/0bfe2c72d01e8392bfb549f35aff6e79.pdf 2df9d9e4bfddbc0c3654f7d89f3ea0ab PDF Text Text •W > J: KU �% 2oot> �MEMO Xie- Z^/JaMc/m 6<?rAU4Tr<c/& 5(te(cler$M 3^'325$ miin 1^0 f>a g �MEMO WK5. Jale. (5<?ira U a J"r<(qt ^netc[ers/f- num ldrt’(T€^ ToSACK ■ • ‘ ■- O ■■ OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOCm ■ •;ooooooooooooocoooooc ■0000000000000000000OQ :■ 'I O ' O G O O O O O o 0 O C O O O O 0 O O 0 d 00000000 I ■ o . • o o 0 o d ���2 ' ! ' >*. -k w :• ,.s t J ’’ * m 3 o ���1 �coo 0nOr,°f , o O O u c C ' ' ' 0 ° ' o oC0°QC' MEMO Ajb/U DtttAj'L MQ. ' / wti&r /fed felip2<; w. $re (ifi fakthos /?use O^ropizK Hfizd 't7oK>y �3 Q u ���mi-mo firry JfiNt flcdici. y0ho r>nlm t)e^rH^ ftfirti Ltowfi.fi duto^ioR. -, jisyw mfitf*** fyvrfiH) pn [^n ftC!vt\y /rl/r) Jo A v y&T-K,o cz^tc ��MEMO rh/z/) IV pn/m J“9cj<li‘ i ��MEMO Irh Soe p)/m Pfcftiw. //efjoS (Yl/sH fa!phfa/hOit)I ����F 7. i L^t74r ' ��MEMO /»/zn Jfiu Id/'-eK �����memo C»7j>v * 1 ; ������OWBW �ME*10 �������memo �����— �������MEMO ������ https://omeka.wilkes.edu/omeka/files/original/2c586ebb9ad854fed271ca9077ebd07c.pdf 270f0e599bae392376bd2f2d61a66cab PDF Text Text �J*MB? Jr?^u. ■ • rvJiiw^y ^"1 ■ i v !^> 9 �LJ* . jl 1 TO FV/;'' . £3e» 4;nr - J|-’^-■/'■■■ ��������I ���������������pa ��������������������� Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Polish Room scrapbooks Description An account of the resource A collection of scrapbooks created by the Polish Committee from the 1940s through the present day. Materials included in the scrapbooks include photographs, correspondence, pamphlets, newspaper clippings, and other ephemera on the Polish Room at E.S. Farley Library and Polish-American contributions in the Wyoming Valley. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Polish Committee Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1940s through present day. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Photo album of the 55th Annual Kosciusko Foundation Ball, January 8, 2005 Description An account of the resource Photo album of the 55th Annual Kosciusko Foundation Ball held on January 8, 2005, located at the Woodlands Inn and Resort, in Wilkes-Barre PA. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource January 8, 2005 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource PDF Type The nature or genre of the resource Photo album Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Polish Committee https://omeka.wilkes.edu/omeka/files/original/0816bf7aba3170b16f9e2032ff6c2e80.pdf e81ae1c6bae2417ecc4b24e76d3a49ca Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Polish Room scrapbooks Description An account of the resource A collection of scrapbooks created by the Polish Committee from the 1940s through the present day. Materials included in the scrapbooks include photographs, correspondence, pamphlets, newspaper clippings, and other ephemera on the Polish Room at E.S. Farley Library and Polish-American contributions in the Wyoming Valley. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Polish Committee Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1940s through present day. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Folk Festival Polish Room scrapbook, 1975-1996 Description An account of the resource Scrapbook of pamphlets, photographs, newspaper clippings, programs, and other ephemera on the Annual Luzerne County Folk Festivals from 1975 to 1996, created by Polish Committee's Julie Znaniecki. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Julie Znaniecki, Polish Room Board Curator and Founder. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1975-1996 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource PDF Type The nature or genre of the resource Scrapbook https://omeka.wilkes.edu/omeka/files/original/5415ca2acc041f0b32fb5ae050faf508.pdf 8374c7a647b17d0a13db61237467394d PDF Text Text ' 'i Q. U& fas Qt 4 tert/m^jc ^//Jcpy Fcf,^ �'4 fyfck A1An Q ft £> fAS »Vx H£>l>^aX^at �1981- Tatra Mts. - 2 Legendary Figures - Janosik and Twardowski �■■■ �1993 - Folk Art - Weaving ggfclfm S’./'; .’ £ �WEAVING ?n1?h^Si^ereS^ in w?vaV:Lag crafts has a lonS tradition, dating back i?4-hh?An6tM SentJry° ?he Uagiellonian Dynasty furnished the Wawel Gastie with 260 silk and wool tapestries, the only collection of correlated tapestries m the world, including the Deluge and Noah, and Adam and Eve. Klng4biSlsm^^Augustus ordered them from the Flemish in Belgium. When started in 1959, they were shipped to England, then to Canada. However due to confiscation by the Nazi, only 136 remain. The Potocki family arms were woven into luxurious "Polish rug"Which has become the jewel of a major S.A. collection. A southeastern Polish xactory produced kilims and wall-coverings into the 20th century, The craft started in peasant huts. The technique is older than that of Western tapestries or of Eastern knitted carpets. Dating from early medieval, settlements, such as Opole and Gdansk, striped and check fabric were made,similar to those made today. Although the Prussians tried for 175 years to destroy Polish Fold art in the Warmia and Mazury regions of North Poland, the art survived. The greatest center for folk weaving is in central and eastern Pol and in in the Lowicz and Durpie regions, where traditional folk costumes have also been preserved. In 1901 the Polish Applied Arts Society was founded in Dradow to study peasant crafts, including weaving. Since Poland’s rebirth in 1918 There has been a revival of hand-made textiles. Because artists wished to give a national character to them they studied Polish peasant art and learned to use raw materials-wool,flax, and hemp- as well as varied colors and textiresand designs-geometric, foliaated, or figured. From 1926 to 1959 members of the Warsaw Co-op society (LAD) used native raw material excusively in kilims. Workshops and art schools were set up exculsively for the production of kilims. With the rebirth of industrial art, gobelins were re-introduced after a century of neglect. Kilim is the name for handwoven woolen rugs. Noted for the beauty of their designs and texture, they have been used as hangings or fruniture covers, rather than floorcovering. Presently Polamd has witnessed a remarkable revival of this ancient folk craft. Knotted and tufted hand-woven carpets have become popular.Using native wool, vivid colors, stylized floral and animal motifs, they are patterned after Grodno peasant rugs. As in the Middle Ages, sometimes one artist, or a collabaoration of several, combine their craftsmanship to produce one masterpiece. Three ma^or types of textile art include 5 flat pieces, constructed on the loom with all the conventional techniques? non-woven pieces constru­ cted with a large variety of techniques-including knitting, crocheting and macrame; and the latest three-dimentsional pieces woven off the loom created with techniques devised by individual artist. Once regarded as a craft, weaving has now been elevated to a new art form by Poland artists. The Communist regime has established weaving centers, folk art cooperatives. In the Olstyn and Mazury cooperatives, traditional motifa a?e still useS. These hLdsome rugs, throws, and tapestries are wideiy sold in the Cepelia Cooperatives, stores, in Poland and exported ah. oad. New York City and San Francisco are the two Cepelia centers m the United States. ��1992 - “New World, Old Customs” Theater-H. Modjeska �1992 „r7-;.,"0RLD/0LD COLTURES: Theme - Wilkes U. Polish Room HELENA MODJESKA- Shakespearean Star. Helena Modjeska (Modrzejewska) was termed by some the g<e^est. actress ln the world* Her time was the latter half of the nineteenth and the beginning of the twentieth century. She was endowed by nature with all of the attributes to accomplish this: a beautiful stately appearance; a wonderful voice that immediately merged her to the character she portrayed and a complimentary magnetic personality that united her, the character she portrayed and the audience into one entity. She was attracted to acting at the age of 7 after witnessing her first play and was strongly supported and encouraged by her family. Professionally she was a strict disciplinarian and worked hard every day of her life to perfect her art. She was born on October 12, 1840 in the city of Cracow into a large, artistically oriented, family. Her mother, also a beautiful woman, was married twice, having seven children by her first husband, Jan Benda, and after being widowed, three more by Jan Opid. Helena was product of the second marriage. Helena's career was launched by a close family friend of entrepreneurial talent, Gustov Sinnmayer, who later became, though he was much older, her husband. Helena herself gave birth two children out of wedlock. The first, before her marriage, a son, Rudolph (Ralph), survived to make a name for himself, and after her marriage, a daughter, Marylka, who lived but for 3 years, both sired by her lover, Igo Neufeld. It was during her marriage she adopted Madjeska as her name and it was under this name that her career was born in the city of Cracow where she achieved stardom. She played all of the major cities of Poland with her popularity increasing with each performance. She parted peaceably from her husband in 1865. In 1866 at her appearance in Poznan the huge audience of 5,000 attracted the attention of the German police and the friction between them and attending Polish patriots resulted in a riot from which she luckily escaped harm. She came to America as a famous actress and in contrast to the other two contemporary continental born stage stars, Bernhardt and Duse, she not only stayed and became a citizen but she topped them by her Shakespearean performances. Adding to her immense popularity with Polonia of the United States was her unabashed Polish patriotism and in this she did much to help the Polish cause of freedom. She was intimate with the famous people of the time and in a return to Poland in 1884 at the Zakopane resort center she met young Paderewski and not only helped him financially but gave his career the needed boost by lending her name to the billing of one of his first major performances. They, sharing the same vital interests, were friends for life, and in the states and elsewhere, their paths criss-crossed and they frequently visited. In addition to all of the major cities of the Europe and the states, she made special appearances at all of the Polonia cities in the US. She made two appearance in Wilke-Barre, Pa, in 1891 as Mary Stuart at the Music Hall (later the Sterling Hotel) and 1906 as Lady Macbeth at the r-Nesbitt Hail. Her last performance was at the Philharmonia Auditorium in Los Angeles on Jan 12, 1909. She took sick with Bright's disease on March 16 and died on April 8, 1909 at her home on Bay Island, Newport Beach, Ca. After a requiem Mass in the Los Angeles Cathedral her body was stored in a crypt and a hundred days after her death it was shipped by rail and boat across the ocean to her place of birth, Cracow, where the ceremony of her interment, echoed in parts of the United States, rose to celebratory status. Some epithets are quoted: "She passed as an angel upon the Polish firmament of art and genius, showering the lightening of it on both hemispheres. Queen of the dramatic arts ; illustious queen, rest in peace after your labor, your trials and triumphs."- and on her tombstone, "By her art she elevated the mind and refreshed the heart." Her son Ralf, a resident of Chicago, USA achieved fame as a bridge designer of 33 structures which included the San Francisco-Oakland Bay bridge and the Ben Franklin bridge of Philadelphia. Her nephew Walter Benda gained fame as an magazine illustrator and designer of famous face masks, one of which, the head of Jesus, graces the Polish Room of Wilkes University of Wilkes-Barrre, Pa. �1981 Tatra Mts. - Zakopane - a Ski Resort f Iltlxfa'A ■SSKiM.* I lF^- W ■J***'* nm ■8 IS �—. ~=—L^2 jj Janosik Janosik, born in 1688, lived in the foothills of the Tar™o y°UnOn?d’ k cared/or the sheep and was f good student AS a Placed a hot , ’ di?2?Vered himtest his courag^tSly urge to sc an ThatfotCh^‘ M?oueh “ Pained , he resisted the 7 S SL 2? 2 -therefore, they endowed him with magical powers. hatchet. With1*!+^2 nnni2 -^a^f * a mountaineer’s long-handled eat mountain mt -> 2 c?u-1-d cu^ through the dense forest, climb the steep(but never nine') Tn Is?zen lakes,and chop through eight doors at a time and' tnfiv •F^1^12n+L1^ &ave him the power to jump three miles at a time and to fly through the air like the wind gave htm0torstrlne?heoiVetenmmtn^aSS‘StUdded lt3ide leather belt -that lhe last sister fashioned a Goral costume for him- embroidered creamy wool trousers,white shirt,red cape, mocassins, and a tall red hat ,topped with an eagle s feather. Q , 4.u?efore 1i90 the Tatras were filled with the King's hunting parties and t&e peasants were a happy lot. Later, under the Hapsburgs, the ’ reduced serfdomCalling themselves Kuruci or Cru° k UP ?ri?S aSamst the Hapsburgs. Janosik joined them. In 1/08 they were defeated and Janosik was taken prisoner. Those who estne mountains became highwaymen^and robbed rich caravansoUpon s £eleasejoined the Outlaws and became their leader. The costumes of these eleven lads included lambskin coats, spangled caps, green shirts, red trousers,and embroidered jerkins. In their toide belt were two knives and over their shoulders were slung rifles. lhe very mention of Janosik put fear into the hearts of rich merm a^2s.and ^aeir caravans, magnates, judges,&bishops passing through the mountains• England's Robin Hood, Janosik and his Outlaws felt justified in robbing the wealthy and giving to the poor- but, always, keeping some for themselves. There are so many stories or tales about them ,they fill a big book. ’ J Twardowski Once there was a nobleman named Twardowski who had spent all of his money on the pleasures of life. He thought for a long time about finding a way to get rich again without working. Finally he went out to look for the Devil. Anyone who seeks the Devil is sure to find him. “Well, Pan Devil,” said Twardowski, “what ’ will you give me for my soul?” The Devil laughed. “I get the souls of many noblemen for nothing,” he said, “but I will give you whatever you want — for ashort time.” I have been planning a trip to Rome,” Twardowski told the Devil. “You must agree not to take my soul until I am in Rome.” The Devil argued. but he finally agreed and made Twardowski sign a contract using his own blood for ink. The contract said that Twardowski would get whatever he wanted, but that when he was in Rome the Devil would get him. After they had both signed their names, Twardowski said, “Now I have changed my plans. I will never go to Rome, so now I shall live forever!” t The angry Devil had to keep his bargain and Twardowski annoyed him day and night with all sorts of difficult orders. One thing he demanded was a giant rooster to ride upon. Twardowski had become rather stout because he loved rich foods and he was sight to see, traveling about on his rooster with his great moustache and a bag of the Devil’s gold, wasting money and boasting to everyone that he had outwitted the very Devil himself. ’ , , However, nobody can cheat the Devil for long. One day he invited Twardowski to an inn where the food was wonderfully good. When the nobleman had 'ea|en his fill, the Devil said “lam glad that you enjoyed your dinner, because it was your last.” Then he pointed out the window to a sign on the front of the inn. In those days, as today, hotels had names, and this one was called. “Rome”. Twardowski knew then that he had been tricked. He was in “Rome.” A nobleman must always keep his word though, so he did not struggle when the Devil grabbed him like a sack of grain, and dragged him up through the chimney on his way to Hell. As they flew over the moon Twardowski felt truly sorry for his useless life. He wanted to pray but could not remember any prayers, so he sang a little hymn his mother had taught him. To Twardowski s surprise, the Devil vanished and the nobleman found himself falling through space! By good fortune he landed on the surface of the moon, where he remains to this very day. with no good times to enjoy and no one to whom he can boast of his cleverness. , , ��WILKES COLLEGE POLISH ROOM COMMITTEE PARRISH HALL — SOUTH RIVER STREET WILKES-BARRE. PENNSYLVANIA POLI S H SETTLERS /9^- SALUTE ITS I N L_U^Z ERNE C 0 U N T Y BICENTENNIAL As the earliest Polish immigrantsAreached America, the land of the Free, their first stop was at Castle Garden. Later immigrants entered through Ellis Island. For the last 100 years they welcomed the sight of the.Statue of Liberty, the personification of freedom freedom of religion, language, press and government. It was for these very reasons that they had left Poland. Most of the earliest settlers had migrated from Prussia-Poland at a time when.their country was divided among Prussia, Austria-Hungary, and Russia. They left Poland to escape political and religious oppres­ sion, conscription into foreign military service, the banning of the Polish language in churches and schools, and the confiscation of their properties by the three foreign powers occupying their homeland. The suppression of their Catholic faith by Bismarck precipitated the emigration from German-controlled Poland. They came to Luzerne County because they had heard about the booming coal industry in this region. Coal company agents met them in Nev; York, directed them to the trains that transported them to this area. Baptismal documents record dates as early as 185^. Of the three places they first settled - Hudson, Miners Mills and Nanticoke Nanticoke increased its numbers most rapidly. By 1870 there were 100 Polish settlers in Nanticoke. They endured bad working condi­ tions, low wages and hostility because of their "strange" religion, language, customs and traditions: By attending night school classes these Polish newcomers gradually overcame the language barrier and in a short time became naturalized citizens. Dearest to a Pole is his home and his church. Prior to 18?^ they were visited by a Jesuit Missionary from Chicago, who performed Baptisms which were recorded in St. Nicholas Church, Wilkes-Barre. Because Poles understood and spoke German, they attended St. Nicholas Church. In 187^ they decided to build their own Polish Church, a humble wooden building and named it St. Stanislaus Church, located in Nanticoke. It was the first Polish church in both Luzerne and Lacka­ wanna Counties. It was serviced by two succeeding missionaries until 1877 when Rev. I, B. Gramlewicz, who had also fled from Poland, arrived. This Polish church attracted Polish neighbors from Mocanaqua, Glen Lyon, Sugar Notch, Miners Mills, Plymouth and Pittston, all anxious to hear Mass in their native tongue. Father Gramlewicz helped organize ���1980- Ku.io of Minonk. were hung on a portraitsand of Chopin, PaderewBKX, * ttine. An orl lnol loren. Portraits of flowered Chopin, Paderewski, * Ee ££d drape in a living roomgetting d”rB^-s "Krfkowi^i" were on either side. Two towion Polish -anoer and Benda a -akowiabi^ were^ and record -11 aa a piano and violin. A front table display was used for the first time. ��1985 \ HOLIDAY CELEBRATIONS y. BALL AND CHRISTMAS The Wilkes University Polish Room booth displays three Holidays:- Christmas - Boze Narodzenia, Easter - Wielkanoc and the Harvest Festival - Dozynki (Autumn). Following the the order ordained by the novelist, Reymont, the autumn festival is first. The peasants after working long and hard throughout the long spring and hot summer to bring in the produce of the land now celebrate and enjoy the fruits of their labor. They begin in procession by carrying wreaths and baskets of flowers, food and fruit to the manor house where the lord of the manor, accompanied by musician, usually violins and accordians, greet them. At the door they hand the master the gifts who in turn invites them into the manor to celebrate by sharing in the gifts of the harvest with singing and dancing into the wee hours of the morning. Winter - ziema- in Poland means Christmas and it is cold, bleak and damp. The four weeks of Advent are spent in prayers and preparation for the main event. Besides the rigorous house cleaning, it is a time of intense activity. The special foods are prepared and the Christmas gifts are gathered and wrapped; ornaments for the CHristmas tree and home decoration are made and everything begins to sparkle. It is a time of joyful expection for the children - and they are not disappointed. On December 6th, when Saint Nicholas puts in an appearance, they are given a preview of the main event. Apart from sweets and gifts, mundane items such as egg shell are miraculously transformed into birds, animals and other objects. Christmas officially begins on December 24th when the first star appears. This event is celebrated with a feast called the Wigilia (vigil). A lighted candle is placed in the window to guide the Holy Family and at an elaborately prepared table the family members begin with the breaking and sharing of bread with each other; unleavened wheat wafers, imprinted with scenes of the nativity, in a warm spirit of reconciliation and hearty good wishes.The bread is called oplatki. After this they sit and share an elaborate but meatless meal consisting of barscz (red beet soup),herrings, fish, potatoes, cheese pirogis (dumplings), mushrooms, cabbage and fruit compote, followed by dessert: sweet breads (babka) - poppy seed and nuts, cakes and cookies. The participants must be of even number. After the meal it is time to view the Christmas tree and share the presents; to sing Christmas Carols. This is indeed a joyful and exciting occasion. In the poorer rural areas in which the rooms of the homes are too small to hold a full size Christmas tree, the tops of the tree is cut and suspended from the ceiling. Everybody celebrates! Finally it is time to attend Midnight Mass, a beautiful and special celebration. In the darkened church the choir begins to sing and as the lighting is dramatically increased, it reveals a procession with the Priest carrying the Holy Babe to be placed in the manger. If it can be managed, trumpets and even full orchestras accompany the organ and choir. After Mass, while going home, carols are sung and the greetings continue among the friends and neighbors. (Easter will be described on a separate poster.) �1986 BICENTENNIAL OF LUZERNE COUNTY �POLISH SETTLERS IN LUZERNE COUNTY SALUTE ITS BICENTENNIAL As the earliest Polish immigrants reached America, the land of the Free, their first stop was at Castle Garden. Lat^r immi|Xts entered through Ellis Island For the last 100 years they welcomed f-eedomhof°reli?innat^e °f Uberty’ the Personification of freedom i^eedom of religion, language, press and government. Jh!SLYery fe^ons that they had left Poland. Most of settlers had migrated from Prussia-Poland at a time ThAv^oS pa? divJded Prussia, Austria;Hungary, and y Poland to escape political and religious oppres­ sion, conscription into foreign military service, the banning of the Polisn language m churches and schools, and the confiscation of their properties by.the three foreign powers occupying their homeland. The suppression of their Catholic faith by Bismarck precipitated the emigration from German-controlled Poland. whL Russiah They came to Luzerne County because they had heard about the booming c°al industry in this region. Coal company agents met them in New York, directed them to the trains that transported them to this area. Baptismal documents record dates as early as 1854. Cf the three places they first settled - Hudson, Miners Mills and Nanticoke increased numbers most rapidly. By 1870 there were 100 Polish settlers in Nanticoke. They endured bad working condi­ tions, low wages and hostility because of their "strange" religion, language,.customs and traditions. By attending night school classes these Polish newcomers gradually overcame the language barrier and in a short time became naturalized citizens. Dearest to a Pole is his home and his church. Prior to 1874 they were.visited by a Jesuit Missionary from‘Chicago, who performed Baptisms which were recorded in St. Nicholas Ch' jch, Wilkes-Barre. Because Poles understood and spoke oemu opuae German vj-exuiajx, they attended St. Nicholas Church. 7In 18?4_they .. . . . . to build their own Polish Church, a decided humble wooden building and named it St. Stanislaus Church, locate'd in Nanticoke. It was the first Polish church in both Luzerne and Lackawanna Counties. It was serviced by two succeeding missionaries until 137? when Rev. I. B. Gramlewicz, who had also fled from Poland, arrived. This Polish church attracted Polish neighbors from Mocanaqua, Glen Lyon, Sugar Notch, Miners Mills, Plymouth and Pittston, all anxious to hear Mass in their native tongue. Father Gramlewicz helped organize committees to build neighboring churches which he then administered, namely; St. Mary's, Plymouth - St. Adalbert’s, Glen Lyon - St. Joseph's Slovak, Nanticoke. Rev. Gramlewicz served 33 years until his death in 1910. The ever-increasing Polish population in Luzerne County necessitated the establishment of new Polish churches to accommodate them. By 1910 there were 20 Polish churches in Luzerne County (listed.chronologically on a separage sheet). A Chicago paper noted that no other part of the United States can boast of so many Polish parishes as actually exist in Luzerne County today. These early settlers were then able to worship in their native language and preserve their church customs and traditions on Holy Days Polish parents laid great stress on education . At first, classes were conducted in church basements by the organists. Later schools were built and taught first by the Holy Family Sisters of Nazareth, Here they the Felician Sisters and later by the Bemardine Sisters were taught not only the basic academic skills, but to love, honor, and respect *God, man, and country. In 1892 the first Polish Public Library was established in Nanticoke. By 1928 one Polish family in Nanticoke had sent 14 children to college.' Besides the church societies, fraternal and benevolent associations of national scope were formed. They kept alive the religious and cultural traditions of the homeland as well as protected them from the discrimination and prejudices they encountered. These early Polish pioneers in Luzerne County worked to preserve and contribute to our Nation many precious religious, moral, cultural' and and'’-economic “economic attributes. Together, they also fostered and promoted an intense love of freedom, a sustaining belief in American democracy and the extension of those ideals throughout the world. These attributes are a large part of our lives today. The Poles and all the other many nationalities fit into this beautiful Mosaic that is "America". , Gratitude is expressed to those enterprising Polish pioneers who settled Luzeme County; to the Clergy and Sisters who contributed so much to the development and growth of the county, with their deep faith, sacrifices and perseverance. �^7. “Cplehratinq Heritage" Curie and Copernicus �^r^lPhratlnq Heritage’’Curie and Copernicus �University'^at^the^lfith1^ SC?’EJJTISTS'' an exhibit by The Polish Room Committee of Wilkes p™y at the 16th Annual Luzerne County Folk Festival, October 17-20. 1991. Nicolaus CouernT^Z And m° thec^ic' we celebrate our scientific heritage in commemorating ment of science Sklodowska Curie' toth of whom broke new ground in the advance- MIKOLAJ KOPERNIK (COPERNICUS) (1473 - 1543), After a life long series of observations and heliocentric theory of our solar system. At a time when all men work h 2tood still and the sun and planets revolved around it, Copernicus' niran qvJ!^rY' but ?ld not become universally accepted until the 18th century. The Coper ChanJsd man s V1SW of himself in the universe. One of the most versatile men of ctnidior Y33 oremost a*1- astronomer, but also a churchman, physician, economist, statesman, , - if' ?ainter' P°2t and mathematician. Born in Torun, Poland and educated at the famous °niaa University in Crakow in mathematics and astronomy, he proceeded to travel throughout Europ_ to study canon law, the Greek language, and medicine. By 1505, he was a canon, physician, an .^sonal °ecrretary to his uncle, Bishop L. Watzelrod, and an advisor to three Polish kings. in 1020, as commander in chief of Olsztyn, he fought the Knights of the Teutonic Order. At the request of Sigismund I, King.of Poland, he participated in currency reforms and was the first to clearly formulate the economic principle of 'bad money driving out good', which later became known.as Gresham's Law through an error by a 19th century economics writer. During all these activities, ecpemicus made his own astronomical instruments, repeated measurements of the planetary positions, the stars and eclipses, developed his own trigonometry and finally publish­ ed his monumental work, De Revolutionibus Orbium Coelestium, of which he did not see the first printed copy until the day of his death. His great contribution lies in laying the groundwork for a systematic planetary theory leading to the triumphs of Kepler and Newton. He is consi­ dered one of the pioneers of modern thought and initiators of modem science. MARIE SKLODOWSKA CURIE (1867 - 1934) was a Polish physicist, chemist and toggether with her husband Pierre Curie, a co-discoverer of radium. One of five children, Marie was born in Warsaw, the capitol of Poland. First attending a private girls boarding school, she later graduated with a gold medal from her high school. Educated in the laboratories of the Museum of Industry and Agriculture, she trained herself in chemical analysis and became acquainted with research work. Later she came to Paris to study at the Faculte des Sciences, and was granted 'licentiate' in physics and mathematics. She met her husband there, a French physicist and professor, who shared her affection and interest in scientific work, and bi­ cycling. After the discovery of radioactivity by Antoine Henri Becquerel in 1896, Marie chose to continue this investigation for her doctorate, testing most of the known chemical elements for radioactivity. Thorium and uranium were the only ones, though uranium (in pitchblende ore) was much more radioactive than expected. In 1897, the Curie's first daughter, Irene, was born. By 1898, Pierre and Marie had the answer to the uranium puzzle by isolating the new element polonium, which they named after Marie's birthplace. Simultaneouly, by breaking down barium chloride, they discovered another radioactive substance which they called radium. After four years and eight tons of processed pitchblende ore they isolated a gram of pure radium salts and determined the atomic weights of radium and polonium. In 1903, Marie received her doctoral degree in physical sciences, and in recognition of their discovery, she and her husband shared the 1903 NOBEL PRIZE IN PHYSICS with Becquerel. Pierre then studied the physical properties of the emitted rays and, convinced of their therapeutic value, he presented several important papers before physicians and demonstrated the healing powers of the rays on skin disorders. After Pierre's death in an accident in 1906, Marie succeeded him as head of the physics depart­ ment at the Sorbonne in Paris, the first woman to hold such a position in a French University. Continuing her research, she won the 1911N0BEL PRIZE IN CHEMISTRY for isolating pure metallic radium. She was assisted, after 1918, by Irene, who later married the physicist Frederic Joliot (and who, with her husband was awarded the 1935 Nobel Prize in Chemistry for the discovery of artificial radioactivity). Up to 1956, Madame Curie was the only person to have won two Nobel prizes. Madame Curie was instrumental in founding the Radium Institute in Paris in 1912, directing its physiochemical department until her death at over 66 years of age. During World War I, she organized a mobile radiographic (x-ray) unit and took it to the battlefront, where she fre­ quently operated it herself, examining the wounded and training assistants. From 1918 to 1934, she investigated the radioactivity of polonium, actinum and ionium. Her efforts and direct aid enabled the Radiological Laboratory in Poland to develop research on radioactivity, and the Radium Institute of Warsaw to be created in 1932, which utilized.the healing properties of. radium to protect health and save human lives. Marie S. Curie died of .leukemia in France in 1934 after prolonged exposure to radioactive substances. Widely acclaimed, her work and several writings formed the foundation for the science of radioactivity, developing a uniform view on the structure of matter and subsequently opened up the nuclear era.to the world. The story of her life has been told by her younger daughter, Eve, in Madame Curie, published in 1937. During the days of the Warsaw uprising, Marie's home in Warsaw was the command post of the People's Army District and 100 years after Marie's birth, the house at 16 Freta Street was dedicated as a museum devoted to her memory and remains in the care of the Polish Chemical Society, of which she was a co-founder. �1990 - Salute to Freedom - L. Walesa �SALUTE TO FREEDOM LECH WALESA Symbolized by the person of Lech Walesa, the Polish Labor leader, together with his colleagues Jurczyk, Walmtonowicz, Gwiazda, Bogdin, Kolodzie and others, it is very fitting that the labor organization known as "NSZZ Solidarnosc", popularily known as "Solidarity", beginning in the 1980's, spearheaded the thrust that eventually brought about the demise of Eastern Communism. Apart from establishing its empire in eastern Europe, the obliteration of Poland was the primary aim of the Soviets. Following the disavowal of promises made at Yalta at the end of World War II by Soviet Premier, Jozef Stalin, Russia was well prepared to carry out this destruction by putting in place, intact, a Communist Puppet Polish Government consisting of renegade Poles (schooled in Russia) called the Lublin government, abolishing open elections, mandating a single Communist party in Poland and instituting a reorganization of the Polish economy for the sole benefit of the Soviets. Needless to say these measures were met with opposition on the part of the Poles both within and without the Polish boundries. This took the form of clandestine publications, numerous organization of protest, ridicule and sabotage. In contrast to the way the Russians ruthlessly met opposition in other bloc countries there was a strange element of forbearance towards the Poles in that the Roman Catholis Church was left intact, and other institutions related to the economy and ownership of private property were not seriously molested. Again there were Poles, part of the Polish Communist government, ostensibly die hard communists who were intrinsically Polish patriots. The Poles termed them as radishes, red on the outside but pure white on the inside. But the big factor, not known to the world at large, was the inherent weakness and the internal rotteness of the Soviet system and the unabashed declaration on the part of the Poles of their willingness to engage in violent opposition. This was clearly illustrated in the event of the Poznan uprising which took place in 1956 The opposition of the Poles was clear and overt and when the Russians threatened force, the Poles responded with a willingness to engage in violence. The result was that the Russians backed down. There was a reorganization of the Communist regime in Poland with the result that Polish leaders, previously incarcerated were released with a measure of economic relief being granted to the Poles. From here there was no turning back, and the opposition of the Poles became more intense. This inspired other countries of the Soviet bloc, Hungary and Czechoslovakia, to imitate Poland but with disaterous result due to the violent intervention of the Soviet army. In the 1980's and following, Polish opposition took the form of labor action with strikes and even violence with like reaction on the part of the Communists. But there was no regression, some of the other factors contributing to the success of the Polish opposition was the strength of the Roman Catholic Church and the unity of organized labor- Solidarity. Other factors contributing to the success of the Polish movement were the elevation of Carol Wotyla, a Pole, as the Pope of Rome, the ineptness of Soviet opposition, and the selection of a wise and prudent man as the premier of Russia, Michal Gorbachev. He, with his policies of glosnost and peristroyka, the weakness of the Soviet system was acknowledged and the Soviets, peaceably, withdrew from all of its spheres of influence and Poland, together with the other Warsaw Pact countries were finally f ree ! —------1990 �177^ YFAgS frf P«M»* �1983 - Regional Dances of Poland �/qf3-fiances of Poland " ^?li?h ^”ericans eaught up in the ‘ethnic identity crisis'of our P C\ r.$“r heritage has enlisted their interest more than folk dancing." of eve?5’ ^/^nlficant a» aspect of Polish life as eating and drinking, is a part y social gathering demanding participation from children and adults alike. it is woven into the fabric of community and life; for the Pile, dance exists to express emotions, tell stories and celebrate important events." The dances portrayeQ are still traditionally performed at family celebrations and at seasonal festivi les in Poland; in the U.S., they are performed by Polish American youth groups, some groups having been established for forty odd years. dav Polish folk dancing can be divided into two categories; regional and national dances and, of course, have been influenced by foreign contact. Often a song existed first and a dance evolved from it. The oldest formations were dances in circles or lines, later musical accompaniment enhanced the dance. Ethnographers currently recognize five national Polish dances: the stately POLONEZ or chodzony, elegant and firey MAZUR from the Mazowsze region, martial-like KRAKOWIAK (Krakow), romantic and sentimental KUJAWIAK (Kujawy region), and the exuberant, acrobatic OBEREK(Central Poland). One of the most well-known dances, the POLONEZ, was adapted by the Polish nobility in the Seventeenth Century. A processional dance, the earliest peasant form, WIELKOPOLSKA, was danced only by men. When danced by the king and his court, the nobility would take their places in line according ti rank and proceed with all aristocratic carriage, elegance and grace throughout the palace and gardens. Regional variations of the dance abound; near Krakow the dance is known as the WIELKI, the first dance at any special event and the KRAKOWIAK (Maly) was always the last. An excellent description of the POLONEZ can be found in "Pan Tadeusz" by Adam Mickiewicz. There are ar least fifty variant regional costumes of Poland and many more the number of songs and aances. The proper folk costumes, because of their color, cut, or material construction, lend themselves to particular dance steps. Different beats of music for different regions have evolved, the most charac­ teristic dances coming from Central rolana with a 3/4 or 3/b beat, from the Province of Mazowsze (Mazoviaj; tne OBEREK, KUJAWIAK, and MAZun. Pomorze (pomerania) in the north has another distinctive characteristic dance due to tne influence of the Kaszuby fishermen. The most ancient dance fX-ras are found in the provinces of wielkopoiska and Clask (Silesia;. In the Podhale region, the melody was often improvised on tne spot by one dancer, wno would sing his tune to tne musicians who would play it, then he would lead the other couples around the rocia with his partner until another dancer sug­ gested a tune. The music of the national dances travelled to the royal courts, became fashionable throughout Europe and through the ages was even performed in the White House. The music of the dances has been threaded through the great music of Chopin, and the PULONEZ, especially, MAZUR, and KRAKOWIAK have impressed many for­ eign composers and has penetrated into opera .and ballet, western European dance­ masters have created new ballroom dances molded after Polish themes <Mazourka and Polka-Mazourka). Dance in Poland has kept the polish spirit of nationality alive in divisive times and there is an increasing effort to retain the custom in spite of industri­ alization and modernization. M. Pack & A. Dziewanowska polish Heritage further reading about Polish dance and costumes can be found in "Costumes & Dances of Poland" by Martin A. Pack, available at this exhibit, or through The Polish Room Committee. �CRAFTS OF THE TATRAS i * �ZAKOPANE- THE TATRAS- THEME OF WILKES U. POLISH ROOM Zakopane a city situated in the heart of the Tatra mountains which forms the southern boundary of Poland is the most popular year-round resort featuring skiing in the winter and all other outdoor activities such as camping hiking and swimming in the summer. Unlike other resorts such as those of the Swiss Alps or the mountains of U.S. in Vermont, New Hampshire or the western Rockies, the cost is extremely modest. In former centuries the mountains were Poland's European bastion of defense against invading Turks. The beauty of the mountains is unsurpassed consisting of spectacular crags of granite, crystal clear lakes, beautiful pine trees, sweeping flower filled valleys, picturesque water falls and gorges, all capped with everlasting snow. The mountains, containing 75 miles of ski trails and 20 miles of ski slopes, was host to the world championship of the International Skiing Federation in 1929, 1939, and 1962. The buildings resemble Swiss chalets with steep sloping roofs and picturesque balconies (deep snows precluding porches) are uniquely carved in all aspects of the structures; the lintels, gateways, gables, doors and beams. The homes of the peasants are similarly adorned. The area is a Mecca for lovers of Podhale folk culture. Besides its customary unique music and dances, the area provides a treasure of folk art and handicrafts featuring beautiful leather work, wood carvings and crafts, carved canes and boxes, eagles and figurines, elaborate tapestries and clothing. Imitating their hero, Janosik, a Polish Robinhood of great physical power, agility and untamed eagle-like beauty, the mountaineers (Gorals) wear costumes of sleeveless sheep skin jackets, hand woven, heavy, off-white woolen trousers embroidered in red and blue and capped with wide brim, black, hats. The area features its own bag-pipers. Could it be that Scotch Catholics who sought asylum in Poland from their 16th and 17th century English Reformation persecutors are responsible? That happened! The Folk Festival Wilkes University Polish Room exhibit features many items actually borrowed from the Polish Room to duplicate the Zakopane style interior with all of its color and warmth, especially the heavy, deeply carved, thick, linden/birch wood furniture. The Room was designed in 1950 by Stefan Mrozewski, a leading wood-block engraver, and was intended to copy a Zakopane villa interior. In the Room, on either side of the floral kilims are two burlap drapes with three colored roosters painted on each. Irene Lorentowicz made the framed wycinanki. There is also a large portrait of the Polish bagpiper displayed over the bookcase. To enjoy this unique Zakopane beauty in it fullest, a visit to the Polish Room on the second floor of the Wilkes University Farley Library, Wilkes-BArre, Pa. is suggested. i ��FOLK FESTIVAL WILKES POLISH ROOM CHORUS Returning to Pennsylvania by bus from a trip to the Kosciusko Foundation in New York City, some of the committee members began singing. Bertha Pagoda, holder of a master's degree in music, and the head of the music department of Wyoming West High School, a member, was very much impressed by the quality of their voices and their ability to extemporaneously harmonize, organized the members into a chorus. Bertha served as conductor and arranger with Florence Frank serving as accompanist on the piano. Weekly rehearsals were held at Betha's home. Besides providing music at the Folk Festivals and at the Court House during the High Holidays, the Chorus provided entertainment for the patients at hospitals and nursing homes, and also for Christmas programs for such organizations as the Mozart Club. Bertha a suffering terminal cancer victim, without telling anyone, carried on this program during the worst part of her illness to the day of her death. She left behind to the Wilkes University Polish Room, and the descendants of Polish nationality, a very rich legacy of the very best of Polish Folk, Carols and Classical Music as performed by the Wilkes University Polish Room Committee Chorus. 1976 �/ 4 K. ^r,jg # M> jp •' •> 1 yCL Xz ' c ^Ct .■£ �1980 - Music Composer - Chopin, Paderewski, Moniuszko ---------------------------- — —- • - - —— war J* ’ V ...s\ vM^oomComfnff^g : ..3S£l CHOPIN 1980- Music of Poland- Polish Composers and Folk Music Portraits of Chopin, Paderewski, Szymanowski, and Moniuszko were hung on a striped and flowered drape in a living room setting. An original Lorentowicz Polish flancer and Benda’s "Krakowiaki” were on either side. Two large, handsome kilims covered the side walls. Music notes and record jackets added to the theme, as well as a piano and violin. A front table display was used for the first time. |i t JK �1 v POLISH MUSIC CHOPIN PADEREWSKI ------- CHOPIN; Frederick Chopin was born 1810 and died in Paris in 1849. Though life was spent in France, his father's always remained first in his heart and in Zielezowa Wola in the latter half of his home land, Poland Polish nationalism was a constant ingredient in his musical inspiration. He began to publish at the age of 7, was fully matured as a composer by an age of 19, and enjoyed a brilliant career as a pianist, teacher and composer. He was the only great composer who wrote almost exclusively for the piano, extending the repertoire and elevating the status of the instrument. The tragedy of an early death cut short his venture into more complicated forms. His talent was unique and his musical genius unsurpassed. He elevated simple Polish folk themes into positive jewels of original composition. But the tragedy of his homeland being dominated by foreign influence ever weighed heavily on his heart and some of his dirge-like themes are the most mournful in existence. But, then, a note of powerful defiance dominated his most militant themes, surpassing even the power of Sebelius's Finlandia. He is also unique in that virtually everything he wrote enjoyed instant success with both the critics and the publics. Scarcely any of Chopin"s 169 works have ever fallen out of favor or fashion to this day; all are likely being learned, practised or performed at anytime somewhere. PADEREWSKI: Toynbee, the eminent English historian, is credited with saying that "suffering is the price that one pays for love": a correlary of this is that suffering is bearable if it can be made to count for something. In 18th, 19th and 20th century Poland a sentiment arose that attributed messianic significance to that country's ordeals and the life of Ignacy Jan Paderewski could be an apt example of this sentiment. He was born on Nov.06,1860 at Kurytowka, Podolia, Poland and with the death of his mother, Poliksena Nowicka Paderewska, shortly after his birth and the exile of his father, Jan Paderewski, because of alleged revolutionary activities in 1863, with his sister, Antonina, two years older, were practically orphaned and were raised by relatives. Not only did he survive the intense loneliness of childhood but also the death of his first wife, Antonina, in child birth, and later the death of his only son, Albert, crippled by polio from infancy, just about the time he reached adulthood. As a student Ignacy Jan Paderewski was very precocious and this manifested itself early in his studies in a broad range of subjects, including languages, mathematics, history and, especially, music. But the dominating aspect of his being was his intense, unalloyed Polish patriotism, a struggle for Polish freedom to which he devoted his energy and fortune, and which was his consuming passion to the moment of his death. As a pianist he was performing in public m his early teens and was giving full recitals before he was twenty years of age. His technique was superb but it was his fiery emotional style that won the heart of his audiences. Although he played all of the major composers, he especially featured the piano music of fellow Pole, Chopin, to whom he later sponsored a memorial. He also composed and his compositions, very well received when he performed them, are rarely heard �to-day. He earned huge sums of money which he spent freely for the causes dear to his heart. Paderewski, indefatigable in his performances and his public appearances, was extremely well received in all of the world, but it is very understandable that he was criticized in Moscow and Berlin. Especially dear to his heart was American Polonia, Poles who settled in the new world, and he took delight in his appearances in such centers of that population such as Chicago, Cleveland, Detroit, Buffalo, Scranton and Wilkes-Barre. Although he claimed residences throughout the world, Poland, United States, and France, his main one, a center for Polish activity, was at Riond-Bossom, Switzerland. He was intimate with all of the eminent persons of his time and this aspect of his life was used to the fullest by Polish leaders struggling for Polish independence, and it served them well with the advent of regained freedom at the end of World War I. Although he served as the first president of the reborn Poland at the end of World War I, he was not a politician and withdrew when he thought that role no longer served a good purpose. That is not to say that he was a mere figurehead because he was extremely active both inside Poland trying to get the various Polish leaders to cooperate, and outside of Poland trying to get the help and support that Poland needed to survive. Nor did his intense interest or activity for the above purposes flag once out of office. He was not deterred when he later suffered the anguish of the death of his second wife, Helina,in 1934, and later in 1939 the destruction of his beloved country at the hands of that country's dual nemesis, Germany and Russia. Although his health deteriorated along with his physical dexterity as he aged, his popularity as a musician and speaker never diminished. In June, 1941 he took sick with respiratory dysfunction and on the 29th of that month, in New York city, after an attack and an apparent recovery, he suffered a relapse and died at 10:59 PM. His body, covered with masses of flowers was viewed in the lobby of his hotel by thousands of admirers; high funeral Mass service was held in St. Patrick's Cathedral, NY. President Franklin Roosevelt accorded him the honor of a full military funeral and his body was transported to the Pennsylvania RY station on a military caisson, thence by train to Washington DC where it lay in state, viewed by thousands more at the Polish Embassy. With the Association of Polish Army Veterans as the Guard of Honor his body was transported to the Arlington National Cemetery where it was interred with full military honors, including gun salutes and participation of dignitaries and detachment of the US Armed forces. His grave marker read "Ignace Jan Paderewaki, Polish Stateman and Musician; His Remains Rest Temprarily Within the USS Maine Memorial" In 1992. when Poland was again free, his body was returned to his homeland for his final resting place. �710r™ p-dim/o^d i/o ‘pmn'oin 'Ipwm.m, ..mm wnloijj 'D'n-dp-g^ to-day. He earned huge sums of money which he spent freely for the causes dear to his heart. Paderewski, indefatigable in his performances and his public appearances, was extremely well received in all of the world, but it is very understandable that he was criticized in Moscow and Berlin. Especially dear to his heart was American Polonia, Poles who settled in the new world, and he took delight in his appearances in such centers of that population such as Chicago, Cleveland, Detroit, Buffalo, Scranton and Wilkes-Barre. Although he claimed residences throughout the world, Poland, United States, and France, his main one, a center for Polish activity, was at Riond-Bossom, Switzerland. He was intimate with all of the eminent persons of his time and this aspect of his life was used to the fullest by Polish leaders struggling for Polish independence, and it served them well with the advent of regained freedom at the end of World War I. Although he served as the first president of the reborn Poland at the end of World War I, he was not a politician and withdrew when he thought that role no longer served a good purpose. That is not to say that he was a mere figurehead because he was extremely active both inside Poland trying to get the various Polish leaders to cooperate, and outside of Poland trying to get the help and support that Poland needed to survive. Nor did his intense interest or activity for the above purposes flag once out of office. He was not deterred when he later suffered the anguish of the death of his second wife, Helina,in 1934, and later in 1939 the destruction of his beloved country at the hands of that country's dual nemesis, Germany and Russia. Although his health deteriorated along with his physical dexterity as he aged, his popularity as a musician and speaker never diminished. In June, 1941 he took sick with rpc"4 — * dysfunction and on the 29th • after an »+-«---■ �_____ „ ..vjinorn;,^ num,Winter,Spring,and Summer [>l lil'IlrtT I Wiu jl TiiiL I'HJMN j| jijj THE PEASANTS FOUR VOLUMES AUTUMN WINTER SPRING SUMMER L REYMONT 1.M �r©/i5h L/TeraTu. re — 1979*Theme- The Peasants by Reymont,Nobel Prize Winner in 1924 in Literature In 4 volumes-Autumn,Winter,Spring,and Summer THE PEASANTS FOUR UTUMN VOLUMES AUTUMN WINTER SPRING SUMMER L REYMONT rf1 A! ��l/J. 11/ �Ute Peasants (Excerpt) ByWIadyslawReymont j. mslatedfrom the original Polish by Michael H. Dziewicki. Published by A. Knopf, New York, 1925 AUTUMN (CHAPTER XI) “Are you sleeping, Yagna?” “How can I sleep? I woke at dawn... with the thought that I am to be married to-day”. “You are sorry, darling, are you?” she whispered; there was in her heart a min­ gling of hope and fear. “Wherefore? Shall I be sorry that I must leave your home, and go to my own?” Dominikova, crushing down the pang which suddenly seized her at the words, did not reply at once. She rose from her bed, dressed herself carelessly, and went out to wake up the lads in the stable. These had overslept themselves some­ what, the “Unbinding of Hair” having taken place in the cabin the evening be­ fore. It was broad daylight, and the morn­ ing, clad in hoarfrost, flooded the world with silvery splendour. Dominikova washed her face in passage, and went quietlv about the house, ever and anon peeping ar Yagna, whose face was scarcely discernible in the shades of the bedroom, dark as yet. “Lie there, darling, lie there still! Lie for the last time in thy mother’s home,” she murmured, love and sorrowing pain con­ tending within her many a time. What she had coveted so ardently, she had now: yet she felt such anguish that she could not but wince at the smart of it, and sat down upon the bed. -Boryna...a kind man, who would treat her daughter with due respect.... And Yagna could do whatever she liked with this man, who saw nothing in the whole world but her! No. It was not he that she dreaded, but the stepchildren. -Ah, why had he driven the Anteks from his home? Now, if ever, would they brew mischief and seek revenge. But yet, if he had not done so?... Antek at Yagna’s side! -A sin against God might have ensued.-Well, there was no help for it now. The banns were published, the guests in­ vited; the pig was killed, the settlement safely stowed away...No, no, no! What would come of it had to come; and while Dominikova lived, she would suffer no wrong to be done to her daughter .-Having come to this final decision, she went out to rate the lads for their sloth. When she returned, she thought to rouse her daughter too; but Yagna had fallen asleep again, and the quiet regular breath­ ing of slumber was heard from her bed. Once more did the mother feel anxieties and uncertainties swoop down upon her, like hawks with talons tearing at her heart, screaming distrust, and predicting some vaguely awful impending doom. But she dropped on her knees by the window and, with red bleared eyes fixed upon the flushed dawn, prayed very hard for a long time. And she rose, full of strength to meet any fate that might come, no matter what! “Now, Yagna dear, get up; it is high time. Eva is coming at once to cook, and wc have so much to do still!” “Is the weather fine?” the girl inquired, raising her heavy head. So fine that all the country round is glis­ tening over with hoarfrost. The sun will rise presently.” Yagna, aided by her mother, was soon dressed. Then the latter, after due consid­ eration, spoke thus: “What I have told you before, I will re­ peat again. Boryna is a good, kind man; but you must take great care...not to make friends with any chance acquaintance, or let tongues ever again wag against you. Peo­ ple are curs: they love to bite.-You hear me, dear?” “I hear, yes; but you speak as though I had not any judgment at all.” “No one is the worse for good advice.-See well to this: Boryna must never be set at naught, but always treated with tender respect. An old man cares much more for that sort of thing than a young one does. ...And who knows whether he may not settle all his land on you? Or perhaps give you a big sum-from hand to hand?” “For that I care nothing,” she interrupted impatiently. “Because you are young and inexperi­ enced. Look round you: what is it men quarrel for, work for, and make every at­ tempt to get? Why, what but property, prop­ erty alone! -The Lord never, never made you for toil and suffering. -Whom have I laboured for all my life, if not for my Yagna?-And now I shall be alone-quite alone!” “But the lads will non quit your side; they will always be with you.” . “Of them I have as much joy as of the day that is no more!” She wept, and added, wiping her eyes: “You must also live in harmony with your husband’s children.” “Yuzka is a kindly girl. Gregory will not be back from the army for some time yet. And-and...” “Beware of the smith!” “Why, he is on the best of terms with Matthias.” “If so, it is for some reason of his own: be sure of that.-The Anteks are worst of all; they will not be reconciled.... His Rev­ erence wanted to make peace yesterday, but they would none of it.” “Oh, but Matthias is a wicked old man to drive them from his house!” Yagna burst out passionately. “What’s that-what do you say, Yagna? Do you know that Antek would have taken back the land from us-that he cursed you, and said of you things unfit to repeat?” “Antek against me? Antek? They lie who told you so.... May their foul tongues drop out of their heads!” “Oh! And what is it sets you so strongly on his side? Say!” she asked with a threat­ ening look. “Their being all against him! I am not a begging dog that fawns on all who toss him bread. He is ill-used, and I know it!” “You would like to return the deed of settlement to him, would you not?” Yagna could speak no further; a stream of tears fell from her eyes; she rushed into the inner room, bolted the door, and cried there for a long while. Dominikova did not try to interfere. The scene had awakened new feelings of anxi­ ety in her mind, but she had no time to brood over them. Eva came; the lads slouched into the passage; the last preparations and arrangements were now to be made. .The sun was up, and the morning-tide rolling on. The frost of the previous night had been hard enough for the roadside pools and the borders of the pond to be coated with ice, and the quagmires to bear the weight of the lesser flocks. Now it was growing warmer, though in the shadow and under the hedges the frost still reigned. The thatches dripped with crystal drops, and wreaths of smoke-like vapour were curling up from the marshes. Not the least little cloud floated in the dark azure of the sky. Nevertheless, crows hovering about the cabins, and cocks frequently crowing fore­ told bad weather to come. It was Sunday; and though the be’ls had not yet begun to ring, the whole village was like a hive of swarming bees. Half the in­ habitants were smartening themselves up for the wedding of Boryna with Yagna. In every cabin, turmoil and racket pre­ vailed; everyone was getting ready, trying things on, and dressing carefully; and out of many an open window and door came the sound of merry voices. On Dominkova’s premises, of course, everything was in seething tumult, as usual on such a day. The cottage, freshly whitewashed was noticeable from afar, having been deco­ rated with green boughs in Whitsuntide fashion. Already the day before, the boys had come to fix pine-branches on the thatched roof and where possible along every chink in the wall. From the fence to the porch, fir-tree boughs had been like­ wise set up, so that the fragrance was like that of the woods in the springtime. Within, the arrangements made were very fine indeed. On the farther side of the house, gener­ ally used as a storeroom, a great fire had been made, and Eva from the miller’s was cooking there with some neighbours and Yagustynka to help her. All the furniture had been removed from the other side, the room whitewashed afresh within, the chimney-piece veiled with a great piece of blue drapery. Nothing re­ mained but the holy images on the walls; but the lads had carried in stout benches and long tables, which they set up along the sides. The ceiling, with its age-dark­ ened rafters, had been adorned with paper figures that Yagna had herself cut out. Matthias had fetched her coloured paper from town, out of which she had snipped many a fringed and variously coloured cir­ cle, and imitating flowers, and curiosities of different descriptions-as, for instance, a dog running after sheep, its master fol­ lowing it, staff in hand; or a church pro­ cession, with priest, banners flying, and images borne aloft-and so many other mar­ vels of me same kind, it was impossible to remember them all! And all were well­ shaped and artistic in appearance, and had been greatly admired the evening before, when they were unplaiting Yagna’a tresses. She knew how to make many another thing besides-anything that caught her eye or fancy; and in all Lipka there was not a cabin without some cutting made by her hands. Having partly dressed herself in the other room, she came out to paste the rest of her cuttings upon the walls beneath the holy images, there being no room anywhere else. “Yagna! Will you have done with those fancy things of yours? The people are as­ sembling, the band is marching through the village: and that girl is amusing herself with drolleries!” “Plenty of time, plenty of time,” she re­ turned briefly; but she now stuck no more cuttings, and busied herself strewing the floor with pine-needles, laying the tables with fine linen cloth, exchanging a few words with her brothers, or strolling about the place and looking out at the scenery. But she felt no pleasure in all this: not the least. She was going to dance and hear the band play, and was fond both of music and of dancing: that was all. Her soul, like the present day of autumn serenity, was cloud­ less and radiant, but lifeless. Were it not that all things reminded her it was her wed­ ding-day, she might even have forgotten that. At the “Unplaiting,” the day before, Boryna had put in her hands eight strings of coral beads-all that his wives had left at their death. And now they lay at the bot­ tom of her trunk: she had not even put them on. To-day she felt no interest in anything. Willingly would she have flown away somewhere-but where, she knew not! Everything teased her; and what her mother had told her about Antek recurred persis­ tently to her mind. What! He speak evil of her? She could not, would not believe it: the veiy thought made tears start.-Yet, it might be!... Yesterday, she was washing linen; he had passed by, and never looked her way! In the morning, she was going with Boryna to confession. Antek, coming in their direction, had turned back as from a savage dog.... Well, then, let him snarl at her if he would; let him snarl! �POLISH SETTLERS MSad-THEATRICALS.. "The Polish American Experience- from 1854 to 1978 in 7 categories: early documents,churches,families, businesses,singing soc.& theatricals,organizations, and government & military services. They came to Luzerne County because they had heard about the booming coal industry in this region. Coal company agents met them in New York, directed them to the trains that transported them to this area. Baptismal documents record dates as early as 1854. Of the three places they first settled - Hudson, Miners Mills and Nanticoke Nanticoke increased its numbers most rapidly. By 1870 there were1 100 Polish settlers in Nanticoke. They endured bad working condi­ tions, low wages and hostility because of their "strange" religion, language, customs and traditions. By attending night school classes these Polish newcomers gradually overcame the language barrier and in a short time became naturalized citizens. �As the earliest Polish immigrants reached America, the land of the Free, their first stop was at Castle Garden. Later immigrants entered through Silis Island.. For the last 100 years they welcomed the sight of the.Statue of Liberty, the personification of freeddm freedom of religion, language, press and government. It was for these very reasons that they had left Poland. Most of the earliest settlers had migrated from Prussia-Poland at a time when.their country was divided among Prussia, Austria-Hungary, and Russia. They left Poland to escape political and religious oppres­ sion, conscription into foreign military service, the banning of the Polish language in churches and schools, and the confiscation of their properties by the three foreign powers occupying their homeland. The suppression of their Catholic faith by Bismarck precipitated the emigration from German-controlled Poland. �1977 - Krakow Square . ■ ■-•" ■ . • ■ ■ ■ . <1^ iOiSI ‘x r ■ XL �1977 KRAKOW SQUARE RYNEK GLOWNY - MARKET PLACE Several years ago (circa 1996) the Forbes Magazine, publication of the affluent, characterized Cracow as one of the most beautiful cities of Europe and, without reservation, the best tourist bargain extant. In 1020 King Boleslaw the Brave built the first Polish cathedral on Wawel Hill. Cracow became the capital of Poland from 1250 to 1556. In 1257 the square, 2,000 meters by 2,000 meters, one of the largest in Europe, was laid out. In 1364 King Casimer (Kazmierz) the Great founded the Jagielonian University, the third of the great universities of Europe. On the square, the Sukiennice, the cloth hall, hearkening back to the era of guilds, was built in the 13th century and reconstructed in the 16th century in the style of the Renaissance. Inside, measuring more than 100 meters, is a hall with stalls on both sides, similar to our present shopping mall. As in the past, today, Cepelia Folk Art - wycinacki, pisanki, laces, linens, knit sweaters, carved wooden canes, boxes, figurines, rugs, tapestries, kilims, costumes, (skirts, blouses and vests) are offered to the buying public. The National Museum of Polish paintings is on the second floor, among others, featuring such renown artists as Jan MatejBka and Jozef Chelmonski. Bordering the front of the building are round cafe tables affording the patrons not only rest and refreshment but also the soothing view of the flower and fruit stalls and the flowers which fill all of the otherwise unoccupied spaces. The Poles have a passion for flowers and Polish men will buy them using any pretext for a reason to do so. At noon, from an open window of the higher of the two spires of St. Mary's church across the street, a trumpeter plays the ancient Hejnal, breaking off dramatically on the same note to honor, when centuries before, during an invasion, the trumpeter fatally took a Tartar arrow in the throat. A visit to St. Mary's Church is a must to see the ancient, beautiful, stained glass windows and the famous triptych of magnificent life-like figures carved out of linden wood Is On the other, high, side of the square is the Town Hall and Dungeon (jail) which is presently a cafe, popular with students, where they relax, sing songs and drink mlod (mead), a concoction of Wodka and honey. Just across from the cafe are the renowned St. Adallbert's and St. ANdrew's churches. �1982—^Artist’s Studio in Krakow iimis ■ : ■ ■HtoOfisi • sgl �1982- Artist’s Studio in Krakow �1982 AN ARTIST'S STUDIO IN KRAKOW Celebrating Pennsylvania's 300th anniversary was the dedication of the exhibit. William Penn's dream of a variety of ethnic groups, constructively and peaceably living together, was realized in Luzerne County. Later day immigrants continue to enrich the already diversified mix and the Wilkes University Polish Room Committee, established in 1950, was dedicated to promulgate the heritage and contribution of that one ethnic group. Through the generosity of the University the group, a non-profit organization to which contribution are tax deductible, not only established and maintains a museum quality replica of a grand room in a Polish manor in an adjunct of the school's Farley library but it also provides to the library itself, for study, a section of scarce volumes on Polish history, customs, tradition, science and art. The group also engages in activity to promote interest in this aspect in the life of the community by providing college scholarships to worthy, qualifying students of Polish descent. A salient feature of the exhibit, the striking arched window through which can be seen a reproduction of Krakow's St. Mary's church, was the creation of member Rosemary Luksha. Although all of the examples displayed cannot be seen on the photograph, in the exhibit itself shown to the left of the "fireplace" were 1."Polish Maidens" an oil original by D. Bezdziecki of Nanticoke,Pa., 2. "Polish Dancers" a crayon original done in 1958 by Irena Lorentowicz, 3. "Helen Modjeska" a print of an oil done in 1880 by T. Ajdukiewicz, 4. "Red Poppies" a poster by Urbaniec, 5. "Polish Girl"unidentified, 6. "Storks" a print done by J. Chelmonski circa 1850-1914, 7. "In the Summer House", a print by A. Gierymski, circa 1849-1901, 8. "Insurgent Patrol" a print by M. Gierymski, circa 1847-1874, 9. "Vase of Flowers" a print by H. Beyer. Above the fireplace was a representation of King Boleslaw Chroby who secured Poland's western boundries, an original oil by Dzierzkowski. On the mantel were two prints of children by Wyspianski, circa 1869-1907. On the right of the fireplace appeared 1. "Girl with a Jug" a print by Kedzierski, circa 1861 - ?, 2. "Two French Hussars" a print of an oil by W. Kossak, circa 1837-1942, 3. "Batory at Pskow" a print of an oil by J. Matejko, circa 1838 1893, 4. "Polish Girl", a 1928 original by Sowski, 5. "Goral Bagpiper" an oil, 6. "Chopin" a print of a woodcut by S. Mrozeski, circa 1894-1975, 7. "Kopernik" a 1976 original, oil, by A. Burzinski, 8. "Krakowiak" a print of a pastel by W. Benda, circa 1873-1948, 9. "Church" a watercolor by W. Gierson, circa 1831-1901, 10. "Meeting" an oil by W.Podkowinski, 11. "Polish Eagle" a wood carving by Stefan Hellersperk. On the right wall: 1. "Departure for Hunting" a watercolor by J Falat, circa 1853-1929, 2. "Kolomyjka" reproduction of a print by T. Axentowicz, 3. "Kosciuszko at West Point" a print by Czedekowski, circa 1885-?, 4. "Grey Horse's Head" by P. Michalowski, circa 1801-1855, 5. "Sandiggers" a print of an oil by A. Gierymski, circa 1849-1901, 6. "Girl in a Red Dress" a print by J. Pankiewicz, circa 1867-1940, 7. "Hunting" 1907 by J Brandt circa 1841-1915, 8. Kosciol w Krempachach (Spisz) by W. Leonard. Also displayed were two original watercolors, illustration from "Pan Tadeusz" called Banquet Scene" and "Meeting Outside Church" by R. Rutkowski and three water colors, "The Stork over Poland", "The Reindeer's Ride" and "The Harvest Girl" by Lee Peters It was very interesting to recall that while the exhibit was on display that members, Rosemary Luksha and Dory Kocyan upon request, would draw sketch portaits of viewers free of charge. �m■■■■■■ i.-:-' ■ / Q <7/ ' Theme of the Polish Room -; * 1QZakopane- a city in the Tatra Pits.in southern Poland -------------- Zakopane is a year-round resort, famous for mountain climbing in the sum­ mer and skiing in the winter. It offers a variety of landscape: pine treecovered mountains, steep cliffs, clear lakes, magnificent granite rocks, picturesque valleys and caves, wild rocky gorges, noisy waterfalls, flowery meadows, everlasting snow, and beauty everywhere. The area is a skier's paradise,offering nearly 75 miles of ski trails, including ski runs totaling some 20 miles in length. It hosted the world championships of the International Skiing Ped.in 1929, 1959» and 1962. The houses of Zakopane are similar to Swiss chalets with their steep, sloping roofs and decorative carvings. Peasant houses, as well as villas, Using local patterns, they repeat the have a distinct style of carving same motifs in gateways, gables, doors, and beams. It is a mecca forj/lovers of Podhale folk culture. Besides its distinctive music and dances, Zakopane is also noted as a center for lovely leather and wooden handicrafts of all kinds. The mountaineers or "Gorals" wear a most attractive costume, which consists of sleeveless sheepskin jackets, trousers of off-white, handwoven, woolen cloth embroidered ’in red and blue, and black hats with wide brims. Their hero is is Janosik, a Polish RobinllHood, whose great physical pbwen agility, and untamed eagle-like beauty, have become legendary. ____________________ ��1984 - The Vistula River - The Amber Trail •IKES 1R00W (►OMMlTTFf i g Bl W? \■ •. - ■: Yr. z <.-r.-A rsSSW^f^i Mg M'®IliBriv - v �" TRAVEL THE RIVERS OF THE WORLD ” at the Ninth Annual Luzerne County Folk Festival' October 198*+ �a<? well to the JamesThese ideas spr^ Qrganized the first the spread of religious doctrine. town colony in 1619 in the the . . tne New world where -The poles' demand for recorded and success! _ ______ * -----uhor ful strike for civil lj;^eJhen £hey instituted the liberum absolute democracy was carried to an extremetheir legislative enactments, an veto, requiring absolute unanimity avx for all n . «-■- tuo^.* ° Poland. innovation ultimately to the contributions partitioning o were equally ’ as meat innovation that ultimately led tothe as great. Polandthat ’s cultural and led scientific an with of Nicholas The modern scientific revolution began with the the publication publica 1 Heavenly Bodies Bodies in in >543then Copernicus' work in the devolution off Heavenly >43 • Since ° Polish contributions to science have. continued to be outstanding, sue as <ux« Sklodowska Curie, twice a ™ recipient, " those of women like B Maria a Nobel prize and Stanislaus Ulam,, the ” - Kathtr ■,-xv " of 4the ‘v,a Hydrogen wvriroeen Bomb. Bomb. In the field of Mathe­ noted that three Poznan University professors were matics, it should also be the German decoding machine Ultra and assuring its respouexuic aux ux responsible safe deliveryforto breaking the British during World War II. In education, ^Cj-- can Saiw ueiiveij tu vuu L* .. oldest ,---------- w — iversities in in Europe, boast not merely one of- the universities Europe the Jagiellonian but also tne urst nxmowj 0364), the first Ministry of Education in the tbp world w , Poland has given the world creators of the caliber of Wit Stwosz the arts ‘ ‘ ---- n J and Jan Matejko; in music she has given us men like Erederik Chopin, Henryk Wieniawski and Jan Paderewski; and in literature, Henryk Sienkiewicz and Wladyslaw Reymont, Nobel Prize winners, and Josef Conrad, who chose English as the medium of his expression. Her neighbors, Russia, Prussia and Austria, allied against Poland, had carved huge chunks of Polish territory for themselves in the partitions of 1771,1793 and 1795, the last erasing the state from the map. They were never able,however, to subjugate the Poles. First fighting with*Napolean, then organizing insurrections and exiling their center of cultural and political activity to Paris, that rebellious people preserved Poland’s national identity throughout the 19th century. After World War I, Poland recovered independence in fulfillment of President Wilson's 14 Points. This short oeriod*of freedom came to an end when in 1939, Stalin promised Hitler neutrality in exchange for eastern Poland. This allowed the German invasion and the onset of World War 1 The asPolish stateof emerged from made world toWar IT inatthev Soviet fluence a result concessions Stalin i? ! snher« pn ' of ?! in\ Churchill. Despite difficult communist rule rol™< Roosevelt and task of post-war reconstruction, symbolized L « na un<^ertook the gigantic in ruins - which was fully rebuilt and expanded'ar?vJW " ?ith 'tS outbursts of popular discontent marking the nn\ inere aave been several Perhaps Lech Walesa and Solidarity best enitomtSt“*ar history of Poland. sire for freedom which continues to live in t-h u the undyl^g spirit and de- , Christianity, patriotism, and a passionat! ?earts of all poles. dominant trends evident throughout Poland's ?,iove of freedom are the three fered as much, faced so many reverses of rew nations have sufand cultural identity. Hany have likened e and yet retained th^r ethnic to thatliving of thefive Phoenix, sincul«»/ an n ??5ical thls Wrd undyinc -it after or sixthe hundred yt o?EJ^7°tls? and,5F^ch, pyre, but emerged from it with renewed’ bUrnt itself to a-he=S P1U”r''neral tional Hnthem, Jeszcze rolska wie / -d youth to HVe _ a°h-S on ?. lun®r will never dl^ as long as ,1 /g”1’ Meuy 2’ nation’s future. Ve expresses h 0 “y’ translated ler -aith and hope for Amber, the most uniq lera from the Southern co. larly traded across Europi Age and Greek and Homan t: the fossil resins, amber : the diamond. Exuded from prehistoric times, or 40 though rarely, on the sho: round in round irregi polish, occurs in shades < opaque specimens or "bone the inclusion of great nui water. Other inclusions < organic material. Partly to identify and explain L when the amber first foriw heavier than water, when . with negative electricity Only true Baltic amb many of the other fossil : proportion of the acid. asthma, rheumaticism and powers, amulets of amber charms. Today amber is fast world over are employing pendants, bracelets, ring Poland, exactly in t eastern and western Europ ("Vee-swa") in Polish, fl way" from Southern Europe Baltic Sea, source of the tains of southern Poland, and Czechoslovakia, this Poland. The longest rive of the Adriatic Sea was t wound through some of the side from Aquileia, Aemor I Vienna), through the Moi the "window on the sea". Vistula, their most prodi center of amber trade in Many great cities ai constant waterways traff: growth of culture, ideas tol of Poland til 1562,if vividly in the Henaissam with its famous Arras ta historical baint Mary's sity, still a prolific a ground salt mine, and sc features of this city. with 13 schools of highe harmonic hall and operet �1 t-0 Che James— ed the first es‘ demand for tutefi the liberum enactments, an ‘ illy as great. >f Nicholas >• Since then ling, such as ze recipient, field of Matheprofessors were d assuring its' on, Poles can e Jagiellonian (1772). In of Wit Stwosz Chopin, Henryk ciewicz and chose English st Poland, had partitions of They were never ;clean, then and political ational identity red independence riod of freedom in exchange for t of World War i: sphere of inRoosevelt and the gigantic of its area sen several )f Poland. spirit and de­ fies. i are the three ms have sui­ ted their ethnic ,sm and spirit plumage, which, n a funeral e Polish waslated "Poland d hope for the ler.s from th^Iouther^coast^^the Baltics’ g?\eaned by ancient travellarlv traded * the Baltic bea, north of Poland, and refiu— A5e „ k’ 6 ° the fidriatiC and Black -during the Bronze the f s res?n« T °ne °f the most l»P°*t«t and valuable of the diamond Exuded f™ 18 the only known gem of vegetable origin besides prehistoric time. d fn es °f the northern European forests during though rarelv ^’tur *2 t0 6O,million *ears aS°> this gem is still acquired, nough rarely, on the shores of the Baltic and strip-mined on the coasts. v_t°Un r°un^ irregular lumps, grains or drops, amber, or bursztyn in nsn, occurs in shades of palest yellow to brown, including light-colored 0PJqYe specimens or "bone amber". The turbidity of Baltic amber is due to tne inclusion of great numbers of minute air bubbles and at times, drops of wa er. Other inclusions are found, some of special signifigance such as organic material. Partly vegetable and partly animal, this material helps to identify and explain flora and fauna (mainly insect groups) existing when the amber first formed during the Tertiary Period. Only slightly heavier than water, when rubbed on cloth amber, becomes strongly charged with negative electricity and attracts small pieces of paper. Only true Baltic amber is distinguished by containing succinic acid, many of the other fossil resins termed amber containing none or a very small proportion of the acid. In ancient times, this property was used to cure asthma, rheumaticism and internal disorders. Developing a legend of healing powers, amulets of amber were worn by the Greeks and Romans as good luck charms. Today amber is fast regaining its popularity and expert artisans the world over are employing it once again to fashion fine jewelry such as beads, pendants, bracelets, rings, earings, pins and carvings. Poland, exactly in the center of Europe, has been a "bridge" between eastern and western Europe for centuries. The Vistula River, or Wisla ("/ee-swa") in Polish, flows up the center of Poland and was the main "high­ way" from Southern Europe and the Mediterranean Sea through Poland to the Baltic Sea, source of the much sought-after gem. Arising in the Tatra Moun­ tains of southern Poland, a group of the Carpathian Range dividing Poland and Czechoslovakia, this 660 mile long river is warmly known as the heart of Poland. The longest river in Italy, the "Eridanus" or Po River at the head of the Adriatic Sea was the starting point of the Amber Trail. The "trail" wound through some of the most scenic and historic of Middle Europe's country side from Aquileia, Aemona (Ljubljana), Celeia (Celje), Poetovio, Vindobona (Vienna), through the Moravian Pass and north on the Vistula to the Baltic, the "window on the sea". The Greeks transferred the name Eridanus to the Vistula, their most productive source of amber. Today, Ostroleka is the center of amber trade in Poland. Many great cities are situated along the banks of the Vistula; the constant waterways traffic of foreign traders seeking amber encouraged their growth of culture, ideas and international relations. KRAKOW, ancient capitol of Poland til 1562,is still noted for its medieval architecture seen most vividly in the Renaissance Wawel Cathedral with its 18 chapels, wawel Castle with its famous Arras tapestries as well as other priceless collections, and historical saint Mary's Church in the old Town Square. Jagiellonian univert tv still Twolific academic Institution since 1364, a 12th century undersity, still a p . scientific and industrial centers are more of the ? is’city. hX^c-X^^XS^’ae museums, and many art galleries, �publishing houses and cultural institutions, bevera 1 resplendid beautiful palaces home. of past kings of Poland can be visited as well as Chopin Nicolas coperUontinuing north on the Vistula, TORUN and Frombork, monuments. nearby, nicus U473-1543J lived and worked, boast 360 historical former seat of is Malbork, Europe's largest medieval fortified castle finally, GDANSK, the grand masters of the order of the Teutonic Knights. wen as livirg Sopot and Gdynia, the former a great shipbuilding cente famous sea­ museum of uothic and Renaissance districts, and the lav side resorts and cultural centers. Actually conveyed to the "beehive" tombs of Mycenae, oouth of Corinth, indeed seven centuries before Christ, amber had been transported on * Vistula, or Wisla River. Her people continue to transform their coun ry into an advanced state, at the same time continuing to live in the tradition© and history of the past. —Fairy ta every contine teaching a mo. in the period successors usi and published Traditions, aj old settlement of historical form of folk t ^■---n an anc the Shining su plunged into t Sea. Seeing t and as their t Ages and ; palace belong!] beautiful but • welfare of her by order of the half thrown bac flounder came t fisherman was s queen decided t punish him with fisherman, his hvery evening s ^ercun, god of in love with a t?Jalace’ kil 0 the sea bott laments; and th x durata’s amb their The^Kurpia'forests ft the Great Bibli' rain doused the mercy, but the j the tears of the hardened and bet �Fairy tales and teaching amoral Ip '— - W°re recently*6f t0 Children for cent^ries on in the period of\n °me Of the greatest Jere jritten as allegories, successors used antici% writer* 4 writers wrote fables. Indeed, and published in th“ the^ P^ts * fableS and their tradition* = l\the 19th centra u’ ,,The oldest folk tales were collected old"settleof the py by, Kazimierz W. Wojcicki in Ancient Legends, of bistnrnr ?ts have 1 pd~~aiLl^n i and Ruthenian Peoples. Excavations of P f ia^ reality in the ol and historians to uncover some portions form of folk tales. the 01deet legends, changed and beautified, in the the Shining Sun, stole ’h? son of APoll° (Helios in Greek), god of plunged into the mouth of th pliant horses and chariot of his father, and Sea. Seeing this tragic Vifbula River (Eridanus) entering the Baltic the daughters of Apollo wept inconsolably and as their tears fpii o the earth they hardened into clear, golden amber Ages and ages ago on t he bottom of the Baltic rose a splendid amber palace belonging to Jurata the’rnVTn" queen of Not only was the queen beautiful but thrifty as whF T those x"08e4waters. wa „ ------------ justly and caring for the welfare of her subjects! I ’. 6 domain th n Even when her favorite dish, flounder, was served, by order of f hearted queen only half of each fish was eaten, the other half thrown back to the sea. This is probably how the strange shape of the flounder came to be. rBut• the *_ queen was indignant when she learned that a fisherman was seen at the mouth of a river, casting his net. ... At last the queen decided to meet the fisherman, entice him to her amber boat, and then punish him with death for violating her laws. But when Jurata saw the young fisherman, his hansomeness so appealed to her that she fell in love with him. Every evening she swam to the shore to meet her sweetheart. However, jealous Percun, god of lightning and thunder, became angry with Jurata for falling in love with a mortal and throwing down thunderbolts, destroyed the queen's sea palace, killing the queen and her courtiers. The fisherman was chained to the sea bottom. And even today, when there is a storm you can hear his laments; and. the amber cast ashore by the waves of the Baltic are the fragments of Jurata's amber palace. TheKurplans, people of Poland's zielona Puszcza, have dug amber from their forests for hundreds of years. The legend of amber,to them, began with the Great Biblical Flood. For forty days and nights, unceasing torrents of the Grea\Biblicair people. in their misery they cried out for mpirvd°hntdthe greit waters continued to rise. Into the divine waters fell 'u ‘ o he61 peasants. The tears unable to mix with the waters, hardened and became the Kurpian-s precious amber. �Some centuries ago there lived in a cave at ^he foot of ^breathing the banks of the Vistula River in Poland, a most ho in- grazing dragon, a monster that ravaged the nearby meadows by draron liven cattle, in vain the bravest knights tried to overcome mnuth destroyed before they could draw their swords the fire from the bea , . sent them, so that one after another of the best fell. The re gn would out his heralds to announce that whosoever should destroy tne ° were marry his daughter and sit on the throne after him. /ill con en , e defeated by the dragon and the king was in despair and the coun J “ poorer and poorer until a young shoemaker named Krak decided ha conquer the beast with his wit. After stuffing a fat ram skin wi . P and tar, he placed the enticing dragon-fare in front of the cave. i.ie g greedy and not very wise, swallowed the ram skin in one gulp, ourned his throat so badly that he had to quench his thirst at the Vistula river. After gulping down a dragon-ful of water, the dragon finally burst, freeing the town and countryside of his menace. The shoemaker married the king’s daughter and ascended the throne after him. The grateful, town took its name after Krak, Krakow, bears it with honor to this day and thus was the ancient capital of Poland founded. Krak reigned happily for twenty years, but alas, he died in the year 750 A.D. His oldest son was to rule, tut alas, his jealous brother slew him was discovered and fled to the forest. The town councilors assembled to decide on a new ruler who was as good end kind as Krak, realized they had a ruler in Krak’s daughter Wanda, a wise, brave and just girl, The beautiful and wise Wanda accepted the crown and sat on the throne of Auwel Castle as Queen of Krakow. Peace and prosperity prevailed until bands of Teutonic Knights from the west began attacking Polish hamlets and cities. Wanda called upon her knights in armor, fortified the castle and went into battle herself with her brave knights. Camped in the forests, Wanda’s militia was surprised by night by the western bands, out she was ready for them and fought and won a gruesome battle. But the Teutonic commander Hytygier would not give up his attacks unless Wanda and her land became his. Vowing never to marry Rytygier and. hoping her sacrifice would end the bloody conflicts, Wanda dove into tne deep waters of the Vistula River alongside'her castle and drowned. A long Tong’time ago, a young prince of Poland was hunting in the woods to feed his villagers. Tired and hungry, he rode til he cculd ride no more. Alas he came upon the Vistula River, much too Aide to cross. as he pondered his plight, a beautiful mermaid arose from the waters of the riv< and" sympathising with him, directed him to a fisherman's humble hut. nearby. As he approached the hut, tne prince could srrell tasty fish cooking and upon entering, was greeted by the fisherman's wif2, and yc mg son War and daugnt Bzawa. The prince thoroughly enjoyed his mea. , and after played for hours with War and Szawa. Krom that time on, whenexer the prince passed by the river to hunt, ne always visited War ani Bzawc. Ultimately the prince, so in love with the site an its pleasant memories, built his city on the bank of the Vistula River, naming it Warszawa or Warsaw, a city built on love, not conflict. And in appreciation f the beautiful mermaid's guidance, the the prince mo.du her the symbol u; tne city and siren nf the river, gunre his massing ships, frorr then on sue was Knowr as Serena. �1994 - “Our Opera Family”- Sembrick, De Reszke, Kiepura ft- MH f W tew r ' B ■ ' ■ 3' �1994 “ "OCR OPERA FAMILY" L&Z SEMBRICH, DE RESZKE, KIP.PORA Another aspect of Polish contribution to the world of Art, giving lie to the canard that Poland was not a part of western civilization , was the high quality of Polish world opera singers. Outstanding as an opera singer, as well as being an accomplished musician on the violin and piano was Marcella Sembrich. Born in 1858 in Galecia, Poland. She was the contemporary and friend of other outstanding artists of her time, including Franz Liszt; her teachers were the top artists of Europe. She debuted in Athens in 1877 and this was followed by outstanding performances in France, Germany, Russia, Italy and England. She made her debut in the United States at the Metropolitan Opera in 1884 and was instantly acclaimed. During her life she performed incomparably the most important roles in opera and because of her wonderful voice, strong and clear and of great range, and her masterful technique she was once recognized as the most eminent opera singer of the world. She left the stage 1909 to teach at the Curtis & Julliard School of Music. She died in 1935 at the age of seventy-seven. THE BROTHERS, DE RESKE; Jean born in 1850 and Edouard in 1853 in Warsaw, Poland. Both received their musical education in Poland and Italy from premier teachers. Edouard, possessed of a very powerful and rich bass voice of intense dramatic impact, made his debut in Paris in 1876 and later did all of the important opera houses of Europe. He not only sang the important roles for his voice but also collaborated with composers who actually created new roles suitable to that voice. He made his United States debut in Chicago in 1891 and later that year joined the Metropolitan Opera company of New York where he performed all of the important roles extensively. He died in Poland in 1917. Bother. Jean1s career started when he abandoned his intent to be a baritone and evolved into a tenor. His debut was also in Paris in 1884, and he,also, did all of the important roles for his voice in Europe and he, like his brother Edouard, had his debut in the United States in Chicago in 1891 and that same year at the Metropolitan Opera where he reigned supreme in two hundred and twenty-seven performances over eleven years. In contrast to Edouard's power and impact, Jean relied on the phrasing and coloration of his tasteful interpretations. His intelligence, good looks, elegant deportment and personal magnatism made him the "matinee idol" of the nineties in New York, London and Paris. He finished his career as a teacher in Paris and Nice and died in Nice in 1935. The brothers, in some performances, appeared together. A Nanticoke, Pa connection to the two brothers was the creation of the De Reszke Singing Society in 1898 and disbanded in 1945. It consisted of 92 men of which 87 were professional and business men and 5 were miners. They performed in competition from Chicago to the east with similar societies and won, in competiton, prizes in Chicago, Buffalo, New York, Philadelphia and Scranton. A picture copy of the group and its membership in under this fly leaf. And last, but not least is singer, Jan Kiepura who was contemporary to the US in the late 30's and early 40's and made appeances for perfomance in the Wyoming valley area. "-/c-tj ffaf Damazy Sakowski - Franciszek Osmansld., 3rd Row Left to right: Leon Sznkowski - r z^Z Franciszek Rokosz - Wadaw Rakoczy - ■^tanislaw Gizinski.—- hth Row Left to Right: /^ ! ‘/r,p / Alexander Skurzynski, Edward Makowski, Kazimierz Sosnowski Jan Sosnowski, Walenty Szypowski - Wnukowski �CHOIR OF DE RESZKE BROTHERS of NANTICOKE, PENNSYLVANIA GAINED FIRST PRIZE AT CONVENTION OF SINGING SOCIETIES IN NEW YORK CITY in l?O5< 1st Row left to right: Bleslaw Galecki Franciszek Wojciech J. Knoll - /YoY- ’Yirt) Jan Karbowski - - Felix Kitlowski Franciszek Sosnowski Joseph Twardowski 2nd Row left to right: Kazimierz Piekarski - f^f- Damazy Sakowski /Yo-. Pietkiewicz 3rd Row Dromizy Sosnowski, Andrzej Nalbach - Narcyz Sosnowski - Franciszek Osmans Id.. Left to right: Leon Sznkowski - Franciszek Rokosz - Wadaw Rakoczy - Stanislaw Gizinski.—. r 1^'1 4th Row Left to Right: Alexander Skurzynski, / ‘hp Edward Makowski, Kazimierz Sosnowski Jan Sosnowski, Walenty Szypowski - Wnukowski �f^2 6 L^/fo^. / -/ / <? �1986- Polish Room Chorus ■ .< ■ X - * - ' » f :■ * LIAM POLISH ROOM CHORUS 19 86 (A cc 't Anita Censer, S.tacia Feddock, Florence Frank, Mildred Weiss, Celia Kowalich, Vickie Schwartz ertha Pagoda, Director; Verna Helen Mosier, Jule Znianiecki, Helen Pocreva Delphine Kaminski, Julie Noroski, Alice Kwiat kowski, Absent, E leanerMadrak ’ .. . ■HITS * �The Peasants * T**' -Vi ����THE CONSTITUTION OF POLAND MAT 3, 1791 Following the pattern of the American constitution of September 17, 1787 the Polish Constitution of 1791 was the second written such document of all of the countries in the world and it measured in depth and meaning the protection of human rights of its predecessor. Its main premise, similar to its American forerunner, was that "all power shall be derived from the will of the people". Although as a matter of form the Polish version may have followed the American and borrowed modes of expression from the French philosophers, the ideas and the spirit of it had been expressed formally in a writing by Bishop Wawrzyniec Goslicki called "De Optime Senatore" more than 200 years earlier and was undoubtedly part of the Polish psyche from the time of the nation's inception. The creation of the constitution was the opus of the last Polish King, Stanislaw August Poniatowski, who was fervently dedicated to the idea of reforming Poland's political structure, especially eliminating the debilitating Librum Veto, removing foreign influence in the selection of its monarchy, and the artificial inequality of the classes. The spirit of parliamentary reform was fired up after the first partition of Poland in 1788 and a Sejm (Parliament) was convened which lasted until 1792. The window of opportunity that allowed the Sejm bring forth and publish this document for the edification of the Polish nation and the whole civilized world was the preoccupation of Russia"s Catherine the Great with a conflict with Turkey and the removal of Frederick the Great of Prussia by his demise. The document was translated and published in various languages, was widely acclaimed and as early as July 77 1791 was recognized and praised in the United States of America. Its anniversaries, in Poland and abroad, are still celebrated to this very day. The occupying powers of two subsequent partitions formally abrogated the document, but this and the subsequent long occupation of Poland by Communist Russia following World War II never destroyed its spirit which was simply the unreserved acceptance on the part of the Polish people of the principles of Christianity; the brotherhood of man under the Fatherhood of God! �1989 - Trumpeter of Krakow - “Customs Remembered �THE POLISH ROOM COMMITTEE OF WILKES COLLEGE PRESENTS RYNEK GLOWNY - THE TOW SQUARE OF KRAKOW: CUSTOMS AND CRAFTS REMEMBERED 14THANNUAL LUZERNE COUNTY FOLK FESTIVAL OCTOBER 1989 was tte’X.nif <*5 ofTth® 13th century to 1596, the'ancient and gr*md /ity of KRAKOw' on Wavpi a P°land' In tf® year 1020' King Boleslaw the Brave built the first cathedral ian n ' • «-* an^ ^>ein^ ?ne of oldest centers of learning in Europe, the town's JagellonCAnh - . Y yas established in 1364 by King^Casimir the Great. The cultural and administrate . hv n, 1S,theuuark^t ?lace or RYNEK GLOWNY. This medieval checkerboard square was laid t by Duke Boleslaw the Shy m 1257 and remains unaltered since then. It measures 200 by 200 J? One °f the largesfc in Europe. Reigning over the center of the square is Clothiers' or Cloth Hall or SUKIENNICE, 100 meters long. Designed and built in the 13th century as a place o commerce, particularly cloth and textiles, the hall was reconstructed until it took its present Renaissance shape in the middle of the 16th century, and is still used for trade today. The ground floor houses Cepelia shops featuring genuine works of folk art, tourist offices, cafes and shops selling souvenirs of regional items. The first floor holds The National Museum of Polish Painting of the 18th through 20th centuries, including the work of Jan Matejko and Jozef Chelmonski. Outside, the open marketplace boasts colorful flower and fruit stalls and bright parasols shading outdoor cafe tables. To one side of the square is the majestic Church of Saint Mary or MARIACKI, the main parish church of ancient Krakow. Originally Romanesque, it was reconstructed in the 15th century and in 1666 a gilt crown was placed on the Gothic spire, built in 1478, in honor of The Blessed Virgin. It is one of the most beautiful Gothic churches in Poland and an example of her finest architecture. The church also holds valuable objects of art contributed by the parish, including three windows of stained glass panels from the last quarter of the 14th century, counted among the most beautiful in Europe. Viewing the main altar, one's impression is heightened by the opalescent light filtering through the medieval mosaic. The magnificent 500 year old altar­ piece, 11 by 13 meters, was carved from linden wood by Wit Stwosz between 1477 and 1489, dis­ mantled by the Nazis during World War II, taken to Germany, and found in the basement of the Nuremberg Castle in 1946. Another treasure of the church is the well-known legend of THE TRUMPETER OF KRAKOW - Longago, all of the city of Krakow could be seen from the taller (80 meter: high) of the two towrers of the Mariacki. In a small room near the top of the tower there would be a watchman, his trumpet by his side, vigilantly keeping guard over the town and surrounding lands throughout the day and night. At the first sign of fire or other disturbance, the watch­ man's trumpet blast would alert the townspeople in the marketplace below and in the Town Hall nearby. He would then call down to the citizens, alerting them to the trouble. In the 13th century, the fierce Tartars had invaded the land, burning farms and towns, and stealing and killing. One holiday evening when most citizens were in church, a horde of Tartars crept into the city to attack by surprise. However, the young watchman on duty blew a loud, clear warning and the townspeople came rushing from their churches to defend their homes. The angry Tartars shot arrows up at the tower, but the brave watchman continued to sound the alarm until an arrow pierced his throat. He died, but the Tartars were driven away by the courageous people and the town was saved. From that time on other watchmen have taken their turns in the tower and every hour, and’ even today the watchman on duty plays a little hymn called "The Hejnal" four times, facing West, South, East and North. And each time, the hymn breaks off on a high note, in honor of the trumpeter who gave his life for his countrymen. Moreover, today and everyday at noon, all radio programs throughout Poland repeat the trumpet sounded and broadcast from the tower of the church. §§§ The non-profit P.R.C. , founded in 1950, fosters better understanding and appre elation of Polish culture and traditions, and promotes higher education and scholarship among persons of Polish descent. We invite anyone to contribute books, art, artifacts or any article of Polish interest to the Polish Room, E. S. Farley Library, Wilkes College, South Franklin and South Streets, Wilkes-Barre, PA 18701 (717-824-4651) .u------------------------------------------------------ F Lr "' The ending of the Heynal - ' �1987 - Bicentennial of U.S. Constitution ■ Vte d* Pr°pk\ nuU*ithL«>0 i ;aa >m mlim flttoaauuc D^a^liS L 0 »TsjK b 8 . ■ 12 0 «<.?!■ �BICENTENNIAL OF THE UNITED STATES CONSTITUTION V promote selves ar the Unit Sect. ?£ July 4th, 1776, the people of the thirteen colonies states) to justify their separation from England cited a list of violations perpetrated by the English sovereign against their "unalienable, God given rights". ao^ernAdhHvenScln?-reVO1Uti°n and following, the country was g verned by a Continental Congress made up of delegates from the various former colonies which resulted in a loose ^JJfe^erati°n of various "states" generally in competition and at odds with one another leaving the aggregate powerless to act m unison as a nation. Then as now, the world being a .dangerous place, it was exigeant to form a nation unified and strong to enable the new nation to survive, hence, the Constitution of September 17, 1787. Here again 55 knowledgeable leaders from the various state, as individuals and if you will, the people of the country at large, gathered m secret in Independence Hall, Philadelphia, Pa and after much debate and argument hammered out the constitution as we know it for submission and approval of the various states. They knew that only a strong central government with the power to raise taxes, the power to protect the nation from other aggressor nations and the power to protect and provide for the welfare of all individuals was the only way to provide for the nation's survival. It was no automatic done deal and in addition to the intense arguments amongst the framers, many of whom were distrustful of strong government, the fight for ratification was equally intense and only came about by the insistence of the attachment of the protecting Bill of Rights. It was ratified by twelve of the thirteen colonies and became the law of the land and the framework of the nation but it was only after some minor challenges and the bitter struggle of the Civil War was the supremacy of the Federal Government firmly established. Eternal vigilance on the part of all citizens is needed to preserve it because even today there are powerful organizations striving to diminish it for the achievement of their own parochial ends, and again, the full application of the Federal Government is still to be extended to those of our country who have not yet enjoyed its full benefits.... Congres (Excerps are provided beneath House oi Kcp.v.___ Sect. 2. The House of Representan.wbers chosen every second year by the people of the several states, <mu the electors in each state shall have the qualifications requisite for electors of the most numerous branch of the state legislature. No person shall be a representative who shall not have attained to the age of twenty-five years, and been seven years a citizen of the United States, and who shall not, when elected, be an inhabitant of that state in which he shall be chosen. Representatives and direct taxes shall be apportioned among the several states which may be included within this Union, according to their respective numbers, which shall be determined by adding to the whole number of free persons, including those bound to service for a term of years, and excluding Indians not taxed, three-fifths of all other persons. The actual enumeration shall be made within three years after the first meeting of the Congress of the United States, and within every subsequent term of ten years, in such manner as they shall by law direct. The number of representatives shall not exceed one for every thirty thousand, but each state shall have at least one representative; and until such enumeration shall be made, the state of New-Hampshire shall be entitled to chuse three, Massachusetts eight, Rhode-lsland and Providence Plantations one, Connecticut five, New-York six, NewJersey four, Pennsylvania eight, Delaware one, Maryland six, Virginia ten, North-Carolina five, South-Carolina five, and Georgia three. When vacancies happen in the representation from any state, the Executive authority thereof shall issue writs of election to fill such vacancies. this sheet) GEORGE WASHINGTON, President, And Deputy from Virginia. New-Hampshire. John Langdon. Nicholas Gilman Delaware. Massachusetts. Nathaniel Gorham. Rujus King. Connecticut. William Samuel Johnson, Maryland. Roger Sherman. New-York. Alexander Hamilton. New-Jersey. Pennsylvania. William Livingston. David Brearley, William Paterson, Jonathan Dayton. Virginia. George Read, Gunning Bedjord, Junior, John Dickinson, Richard Bassett, Jacob Broom. James M‘Henri, Daniel oj St. Tho. Jenifer, Daniel Carrol. John Blair, James Madison. Junior. William Blount. North-Carohna. Richard Dobbs Spaighl, Hugh Williamson. Benjamin Franklin. John Rutledge, Thomas MiJJin, South-Carolina . Charles Cotesworth Pinckney Robert Morris. Charles Pinckney, George Clymer, Pierce Butler. Thomas Fitzsimons. Jared Ingersoll, William Few, Georgia. James Wilson. Abraham Baldwin. Gouverneur Morris. Attest, William Jackson, SECRETARY. �SSSF^; ss=—™=s= XlX ™ “! SrTd from - government to the Skwti extraordinarily granted directly by the people to the government which they had created XCrt 10 *.h^°n.be,OnKSS 10 a" °f US' a"d “ wi" c°"“"“e stonfati >, a‘ 'VC arc familiar 'vllh Pmvidemands thT " T 7 “ chanSinS '■ also nrnhl eaC^ US assume responsibility as the ta^s he We mUS' SOlVe lhroush °ur e'eeled represen?°re C,’",pl“- " lhc Constitution is to ah2 ", h k' erCh °f “s must learn aboul and care “oTCS VW faCC-and ™St ‘b°'ce THE CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA E, the People of the United States, in order W to form a more perfect union, establish justice, insure do­ mestic tranquility, provide for the common defence, promote the general welfare, and secure the blessings of liberty to our­ selves and our posterity, do ordain and establish this Constitution for the United States of America. ARTICLE 1. Sect. 1. ALL legislative powers herein granted shall be vested in a Congress of the United States, which shall consist of a Senate and House of Representatives. Sect. 2. The House of Representatives shall be composed of mem­ bers chosen every second year by the people of the several states, and the electors in each state shall have the qualifications requisite for electors of the most numerous branch of the state legislature. No person shall be a representative who shall not have attained to the age of twenty-five years, and been seven years a citizen of the United States, and who shall not, when elected, be an inhabitant of that state in which he shall be chosen. Representatives and direct taxes shall be apportioned among the several states which may be included within this Union, according to their respective numbers, which shall be determined by adding to the whole number of free persons, including those bound to service for a term of years, and excluding Indians not taxed, three-fifths of all other persons. The actual enumeration shall be made within three years after the first meeting of the Congress of the United States, and within every subsequent term of ten years, in such manner as they shall by law direct. The number of representatives shall not exceed one for every thirty thousand, but each state shall have at least one representative; and until such enumeration shall be made, the state of New-Hampshire shall be entitled to chuse three, Massachusetts eight, Rhode-lsland and Providence Plantations one, Connecticut five, New-York six, NewJersey four, Pennsylvania eight, Delaware one, Maryland six, Virginia ten, North-Carolina five, South-Carolina five, and Georgia three. When vacancies happen in the representation from any state, the Executive authority thereof shall issue writs of election to fill such vacancies. ARTICLE Vll. The ratification of the conventions of nine States, shall be sufficient for the establishment of this constitution between the States so ratify­ ing the same. Done in Convention, by the unanimous consent of the States present, the seventeenth day of September, in the year of our Lord one thousand seven hundred and eighty-seven, and of the Independence of the United States of America the twelfth. In witness whereof we have hereunto subscribed our Names. GEORGE WASHINGTON, President, And Deputy from Virginia. New-Hampshire. John Langdon. Nicholas Gilman. Delaware. Massachusetts. Nathaniel Gorham, Rujus King. Connecticut. William Samuel Johnson, Maryland. Roger Sherman. New-York. Alexander Hamill on. New-Jersey. Pennsylvania. William Livingston. David Drearley. William Paterson, Jonathan Dayton. Virginia. George Read, Gunning Bedford, Junior. John Dickinson, Richard Bassett, Jacob Broom. James M'Henry. Daniel oj Si Tho. Jenifer, Daniel Carrol. John Blair, James Madison, Junior. William Blounl. North-Carolina. Richard Dobbs Spaight, Hugh Williamson. Benjamin Franklin, John Rutledge, Thomas Mijjtn, South-Carolina Charles Cotesworth Pinckney, Robert Morris, Charles Pinckney, George Clymer, Pierce Butler. Thomas Fitzsimons, Jared Ingersoll, Georgia. William Few, James Wilson, Abraham Baldwin. Gouverneur Morris. Attest. William Jackson, SECRETARY. �!2Z^Jnterioij)fa Zakopane villa in the Tatras | �ZAKOPANE- THE TATRAS- THEME OF WILKES U. POLISH ROOM Zakopane a city situated in the heart of the Tatra mountains which forms the southern boundary of Poland is the most popular year-round resort featuring skiing in the winter and all other outdoor activities such as camping hiking and swimming in the summer. Unlike other resorts such as those of the Swiss Alps or the mountains of U.S. in Vermont, New Hampshire or the western Rockies, the cost is extremely modest. In former centuries the mountains were Poland's European bastion of defense against invading Turks. The beauty of the mountains is unsurpassed consisting of spectacular crags of granite, crystal clear lakes, beautiful pine trees, sweeping flower filled valleys, picturesque water falls and gorges, all capped with everlasting snow. The mountains, containing 75 miles of ski trails and 20 miles of ski slopes, was host to the world championship of the International Skiing Federation in 1929, 1939, and 1962. The buildings resemble Swiss chalets with steep sloping roofs and picturesque balconies (deep snows precluding porches) are uniquely carved in all aspects of the structures; the lintels, gateways, gables, doors and beams. The homes of the peasants are similarly adorned. The area is a Mecca for lovers of Podhale folk culture. Besides its customary unique music and dances, the area provides a treasure of folk art and handicrafts featuring beautiful leather work, wood carvings and crafts, carved canes and boxes, eagles and figurines, elaborate tapestries and clothing. Imitating their hero, Janosik, a Polish Robinhood of great physical power, agility and untamed eagle-like beauty, the mountaineers (Gorals) wear costumes of sleeveless sheep skin jackets, hand woven, heavy, off-white woolen trousers embroidered in red and blue and capped with wide brim, black, hats. The area features it^ own bag-pipers. Could it be that Scotch Catholics who sought asylum in Poland from their 16th and 17th century English Reformation persecutors are responsible? That happened! The Folk Festival Wilkes University Polish Room exhibit features many items actually borrowed from the Polish Room to duplicate the Zakopane style interior with all of its color and warmth, especially the heavy, deeply carved, thick, linden/birch wood furniture. The Room was designed in 1950 by Stefan Mrozewski, a leading wood-block engraver, and was intended to copy a Zakopane villa interior. In the Room, on either side of the floral kilims are two burlap drapes with three colored roosters painted on each. Irene Lorentowicz made the framed wycinanki. There is also a large portrait of the Polish bagpiper displayed over the bookcase. To enjoy this unique Zakopane beauty in it fullest, a visit to the Polish Room on the second floor of the Wilkes University Farley Library, Wilkes-BArre, Pa. is suggested. �Yint, &****** �ton/1 i^u**r»* ♦*-’»« lutite �THE CONSTITUTION OF POLAND MAY 3, 1791 Following the pattern of the American constitution of September 17, 1787 the Polish Constitution of 1791 was the second written such document of all of the countries in the world and it measured in depth and meaning the protection of human rights of its predecessor. Its main premise, similar to its American forerunner, was that "all power shall be derived from the will of the people". Although as a matter of form the Polish version may have followed the American and borrowed modes of expression from the French philosophers, the ideas and the spirit of it had been expressed formally in a writing by Bishop Wawrzyniec Goslicki called "De Optime Senatore" more than 200 years earlier and was undoubtedly part of the Polish psyche from the time of the nation's inception. The creation of the constitution was the opus of the last Polish King, Stanislaw August Poniatowski, who was fervently dedicated to the idea of reforming Poland's political structure, especially eliminating the debilitating Librum Veto, removing foreign influence in the selection of its monarchy, and the artificial inequality of the classes. The spirit of parliamentary reform was fired up after the first partition of Poland in 1788 and a Sejm (Parliament) was convened which lasted until 1792. The window of opportunity that allowed the Sejm bring forth and publish this document for the edification of the Polish nation and the whole civilized world was the preoccupation of Russia"s Catherine the Great with a conflict with Turkey and the removal of Frederick the Great of Prussia by his demise. The document was translated and published in various languages, was widely acclaimed and as early as July 27 179} was recognized and praised in the United States of America. Its anniversaries, in Poland and abroad, are still celebrated to this very day. The occupying powers of two subsequent partitions formally abrogated the document/ but this and the subsequent long occupation of Poland by Communist Russia following .World War II never destroyed its spirit which was simply the unreserved acceptance on the part of the Polish people of the principles of Christianity; the brotherhood of man under the Fatherhood of God! �1988 - Sharing Traditions A Rura! Wedding Wilkes College olish Room Committee I ' "--'IF M£< !>v r ■ Ik Sir \ t /H \T \ 1 ■ fifWI 1 9 J �The Polish Room Coatee of WilKes College presents A traditional polish wedding k country at the 13th Annual Luzerne County Folk Festival October 20 - 23, 1988 The old traditional Polish wedding, whether celebrated in the peasant hut or baronial manorhouse, incorporated significant customs which are, in part, still observed in Poland. The details of the marriage ceremony may vary in the different regions of Poland, just as the old folk songs do, however, the general structure remains the same. The Polish country wedding has a set traditional pattern. With the harvest stored away, September heralded a time of lighter work, and an opportunity for revelry, the first since the initial plowing in the Spring. Between the final grain harvest and the onset of the holy period of Advent, there is a time of engagements and of taking marriage vows, the most beautiful weddings taking place in the provinces of Lowicz, Krakow and Podhale. The ceremony actually begins when the boy makes up his mind about the girl. If she is willing and her parents have no objections, it doesn't end until she is finally safe under 1.1 his roof. 2. If the couple expect to enjoy a respected position in the community community* they cannot elope and skip all the ceremonies. If the girl is from a well known family and pretty and the man is popular, their wedding is an event that is long remembered. First, a "proooser", who is usually an older woman, visits the girl's parents to find out their opinion of" the suitor and of their daughter's marrying. If favorable, both sets of parents and the vouno couple meet to confirm the betrothal. Next, the wedding party is selected: best man 7 maid honor, groomsmen and bridesmaids, and two proposers, male and female, "starosta", "staroscin " (lady starosta) marshall, the boyars and a kind of agent known as "raj." The groom crroo and three fiddlers ride from house to house to personally invite the wedding guests' with”1301611 white scarves on their shoulders and flowers tied with red ribbons on their caps. Often th bridal party is chosen from neighboring villages, for friendship but also for the knowl^da of the roles they are to perform. Some persons are regularly invited to deliver certain 96 speeches or songs at weddings, a tradition passed down through generations. The marshall ’ the master of ceremonies and is responsible for the entire "production." The ceremony begins in the best room of the bride's home, the orchestra, with the mars’ over-seeing, plays the opening song: "Cuckoos the cuckoo on the cherry tree, Now the weddin^11 party gathers all carefree. Cuckoos the cuckoo on the plum tree, Now begins the ceremony 3 joyously." The marshall calls for the proposer, they bow to each other and march a few time around the room. Then he couples the man proposer with a partner and bows again...and so ifcS continues until all are paired off. With loud shouts from without, the starosta and staroscarrive. Someone asks,"Where is the bridegroom?" and everyone sings: "0 la Boga, co takiegcj* Co nie widac pana mego." (Oh, good gracious, what's this, That the bridegroom is not here!) ' Then the groom arrives with his groomsmen, are welcomed by the bride's parents, but the bride remains hidden with her maids. Drinks are passed around and the best man shouts, "Long liVe the happy man." Finally the bride arrives and kneels with her groom before her parents for a blessing, given with a loaf of bread and passed three times over their heads, from the mother's to the father's hands. The couple rise and hold hands across the table during the benediction. Then follows much singing about the bride's wreath, woven of sweet herbs, ribbons and bright feathers. It is attached to a pear branch rod with a number of twigs for good luck. Bright apples attached to the twigs are given to the boys of the party after the ceremony. The bride holds the rod, knotted with dangling gold and silver ribbons, artificial roses and peacock feathers, in one hand until a groomsmen pulls the wreath off, for which he gets a "beating." There is a struggle, finally the groom gets it, then the bridesmaids get it from him and put it on the bride's head. The wedding party piles into carts, gayly decorated with ribbons and flowers and ride to the church. All the way and back there is music, the fiddlers are never left behind. � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Polish Room scrapbooks Description An account of the resource A collection of scrapbooks created by the Polish Committee from the 1940s through the present day. Materials included in the scrapbooks include photographs, correspondence, pamphlets, newspaper clippings, and other ephemera on the Polish Room at E.S. Farley Library and Polish-American contributions in the Wyoming Valley. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Polish Committee Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1940s through present day. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Exhibit Boards featuring the Polish Committee through the years (to 1990s) Description An account of the resource Exhibit Boards of different Polish Room exhibitions through the years from the 1950s through the 1990s. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1950s through 1990s. Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource PDF Type The nature or genre of the resource Scrapbook Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Polish Committee https://omeka.wilkes.edu/omeka/files/original/cc00c01272a7beb32f190a768d53f0ef.pdf 50d68597ee0b072354c5ec48d94eefb8 PDF Text Text - �May 1, 1980 Gift of: Mr. & Mrs. Raymond Strajka Sheatown,Penna. To: Wilkes College Polish Room Committee Received by: Appraised by: Jule Znaniocki Irwin Weinberg through effort of Anne Urbanski Valuation estimated at $700.00 �May 13, 1980 Mrs. Stanley Urbanski 107 Old River Road Wilkes-Barre, PA 18702 Dear Mrs. Urbanski: I wish to acknowledge receipt of the collection of Polish stamps which you brought to my office on May 8 for safekeeping. I have arranged for the collection to be delivered to our Business Office for placement in one of the vaults in Parrish Hall on South River Street. The collection was given by Mr. and Mrs. Raymond Strajka of Sheatown, Pennsyl­ vania, to the Wilkes College Polish Room Committee. It has been appraised by Mr. Irwin Wineberg, through your efforts, and the evaluation is estimated at $700. The collection will be retained in our vault until you or other officers of the Wilkes College Polish Room Committee request it for specific purposes. We at Wilkes College are pleased to receive the continued interest, support, and cooperation of the members of the Wilkes College Polish Room Committee as we serve worthy students and our region of Northeastern Pennsylvania. I look forward to working with you for the arrange­ ment of successful events relating to the Poster Art in Poland Exhibition in the Sordoni Gallery in June. Best regards. Sincerely, Thomas F. Kelly, Ph.D. Dean of External Affairs TFK:ahr cc: President Capin Copy placed w/collection �1939 r. 1. grudnia. Znaczki niemieckie z nadrukiem ,.Deutsche Post Osten". ZQbkowane. 1 1A.WI �1940 r. luty—marzec. Przedruki na znaczkach polskich. Zqbkowane. odstyp mitjdzy cyfrq a liters ,,G” mniejszy ' ©1! Io 16 12/15 gr serii historycznej brunatny 50/55 gr Rydz Smigly niebicski o^St'1 lOOtgf^iJO^ JA-WI JA-Wi f �1940 r. 5. sierpnia. Widoki Krakowa i Lublina. Z^bkowane. �1940 r. 17. sierpnia. „Czerwony Krzyz'’. ZQbkowane. 1940 r. 26. pazdziernika. I. Rocznica G. G. Zqbkowane. 1940 r. 1. grudnia. „Ponioc Zimowa". Zijbkowane. 1 JA-WI �1941 r. Widoki Krakowa i Tyrica. Zqbkowane. 1941 r. Znaczki wydania 1940 r. w zmienionych koiorach i nowa warto^c. Zqbkowane. JA-WI �1941/2 r. Znaczki obiegowe. Zqbkowane. �1942 r. 20. kwietnia. Urodzinowe. Zqbkowane. 1942 r. 15. sierpnia. 600-lecie Lublina. Z^bkowane. 1942 r. I. wydanie. HKulturalne". Z^bkowane. JA-W1 �1943 r. 20. kwietnia. Urodzinowe. Z^bkowane. �1943 r. Znaczki obiegowe wyd. 1941/2 r. w nowym nakladzie. Zqbkowane. 1943/4 r. Widoki Krakowa, Lwowa i Tynca. Zqbkowane. 1944 r. 20. kwietnia. Urodzinowe. Zqbkowane. JA-WI �1944 r. II. wyd. „Kulturalne". Zqbkowane. 1944 r. V. Rocznica G. G. JA-WI �1940 r. I. wydanie zn. urz^dowych. Zqbkowane. 6 gr (brunatny) <--------- 8 gr 10 gr szary jasnozlelony 12 gr 20 gr 24 gr ciemnozielony ciemnobrunatny brunatnoczerwony 40 gr 48 gr -S o w szarooliwkowy V u / n v Illi 50 gr nlebleskl clemnofioletowy If® 30 gr karminowolila 1 zl (szaroczarny/ brunatnollla) 3 zl szaroczarny/ czerwonobrunatny 5 zl szaroczarny/ brunatnopomaranczowy �1940 r. IL, wydanie zn. urz^dowych. Zqbkowane. 1940 r. Znaczki dorqczeniowe. Zabkowane. �1943 r. III. wydanie zn. urzQdowych. Zabkowane. 10 gr 12 gr 16 gr ziclony fioletowy pomaranczowy 20 gr 24 gr oliwkowobnmatny brunatnoczerwony 80 cjr brunutnollla 30 fir cietnnolila �POLEN POLAND / POLOGNE / POLSKA Russische Statthalterschaft / Russian Government / Gouvernement russe I860 ----- Republik / Republic / RSpublique 1918 (x) 1918 — (x) SCHAUBEK 1 �SCHAUBEK 2 Z L 4 -4 -7 5 2 111,18/157 852 �Z L 4 -4 -7 5 2 111,18/157 852 POLEN / POLAND / POLOGNE / POLSKA SCHAUBEK 3 �POLEN / POLAND / POLOGNE / POLSKA SCHAUBEK 4 �POLEN / POLAND / POLOGNE / POLSKA 1919II — 10 F (Fenigow) (Fenigow) (Fenigow) dunkellila dark lilac lilas fonci hellgriin light green vert clair rot red rouge (violett | violet) 1.50 M (Marks) (Marki) griin green vert 50 f. (Fenigow) olivbraun olive brown brun-olive blaugriin blue green vert-bleu 1919/20----- 1919/20 (Fenigow) hellgriin light green vert clair 10 F Illa lilac lilas 852 dunkelblau dark blue bleu fonc6 (Marek) 6 M (Marek) blutrot blood red rouge sang blaugriin blue green vert-bleu ollv olive M. 2.50 (Marki) olivbraun olive brown brun-olive braunlila brown lilac lilas-brun 50 ». (Fenigow) 25 1. (Fenigow) (Marki) griin green Violett violet Z L 4 -4 -7 5 2 Hl 18'157 20 t. (Fenigow) rot red rouge M 1.50 (Marks) (Msrks) SCHAUBBK 15 F (Fenigow) (Marki) riitliehbraun reddish brown brun-rotig< litre 10 M (Marek) briiunlichrot brownish red rouge-brunitre rotbraun red brown brun-rouge 20 M (Marek) mattgriin pale green vert pile. 5 �ROLEN / POLAND / POLOGNE / POLSKA 1919 III ~~ 1920/22 -------------------- 5 Mk (Marek) 8 Mk (Marek) braunlila brown lilac lilas-brun hellbraun light brown brun clair Z L 4 -4 -7 5 2 1U/18/157 852 1— ■ ■ SCHAUBEK 6 �POLEN / POLAND / POLOGNE / POLSKA 15 Mk (Marek) rotlichbraun reddish brown brun-rougeitre <Sp! gg 1021---- ■(*) T. 1910/20 X rot red | rouge * .30 Mk 10 M(arek) braunlichrot brownish red rouge-brunAtre 6 M(arek) blutrot blood red rouge sang 5 M(arek) braunlila brown lilac | lilas-brun (Mark!) IEOCZTA POLSKA] • JO Ovi < (Marti) hellblau | light blue | bleu dal zlegelrot brick red rouge brlque POCZTAPOLSKAI 20 M(arek) mattgriin dull green vert terne (Marek) blauschiefer blue alate ardoise-blcu 25 M (Marek) vlolett violet XYL?. y// <=v SCHAUBEK 7 �POLEN / POLAND / POLOGNE / POLSKA 1921 ----- 15 Mk (Marik) rotlichbraun reddish brown brun-rougeitre 20 M(arek) mattgriin dull green vert terne Z L 4 -4 -7 5 2 Hl .18'157 852 1921 I ----- SCHAUBEK 7 �POLEN / POLAND / POLOGNE / POLSKA 300 Mk (Marek) oliv olive 400 Mk (Marek) 500 Mk (Marek) schokoladcn chocolate chocolat dunkellila dark lilac lilas fonce 1 (Marek) hellblau light blue bleu elair (Marek) violettblau violet blue bleu-violet Mt. 20.000 Mtf| 300.000 Mk POLSKAp ! POCZTA 30.000 Mk (Marek) 200.000 Mk 2000 Mk (Marek) (oliv | olive) 19.000 Mk schokoladcn chocolate cbocolat 1000 Mk braunorange brown orange nrnnge-hrun 50.C00 Mk (Marek) (Marek) rot red rouge gelbgrun yellow green vert-jaune 500.000 Mk (Marek) purpurviolett purple vlolr.t violet-pourpre (Marek) 1.000.000 Mk dunkelbra'un dark brown brun fonccl (Marek). rosa rose . rK-2.0Q00j)0n< T. 1021/24 10 MK TY8IECY MK 50,000 25 Mk 10 Mk schleferblau alate blue bleu-ardolse Vlolet/afttnlsoh violet/buH vlolet/ohamola 1924 ----- (X) M K o o M K T. 1922 MK MK 25,000 50000 5 Mk braunllla brown lilac lilas-brun 10 Mk grunlichblau greenish blue bleu-verd&tre Z L 4 -4 -7 5 2 111; 18 1157 852 20 Mk rot red rouge MK MK SCHAUBEK 8/9 �SCHAUBEK 10/11 Z L 4 -4 -7 5 2 111 18 157 852 �10 GR(oszy) blaugriin blue green vert-bleu 15 GR(oszy) 20 GR(oszy) purpurilla purple lilac lllas-pourpre oliv olive 30 GR(oszy) 45 GR(oszy) dunkclrot dark red rouge fonee dunkelviolett dark violet violet fonef 1925/27 T. 30 Gr. T. 10 Gr. 2 GR (Groszo) 3 GR (Groszo) olivbraun olive brown brun-olive hellhlau | light blue | bleu claii 20 GR (Groszy) 24 GR (Groizy) rot red rouge preuBischblau Prussian blue bleu do Prusse Type 1025'27 Neue Platte Itedrawn Nouveau tlrage I Wcrtr.dfern von wciC.-r Huie iinirahint | Figures nf value framed by a white line | Clilflres de la valetir entoures d ’une llgne blanche POLEN / POLAND / POLOGNE / POLSKA 3 GR(oSZ3) heliblau light blue I bleu clalr 5 GR (Groizy) gelbgiiln yellow green vt rt-jauiie 10 GR (Groszy) vlolett violet 15 GR (Groszy) triibrosa dull rose rose terne SCHAUBEK 12/13 �POLEN / POLAND / POLOGNE / POLSKA 1927/28 ---- 20 GR + GR 5 (Groszyj 25 Groszy blau/gelb blue/vellnw bluu/Jaune riitlichbrnun r<*<lc!ish brown brtin-rollgr litre 1927 ----- 1927 III ----- 40 Gr. (Groszy) blau blue bleu 1928 1927 I — T. 50 Gr. 50 Gr(oszy) graugrun grey greet. vert-gris 1930 I selil.-r. rblau a\ slate blue | ) bleu-ardoiae / ( 15 GR(osry) dunkelblnu dark blue bleu foni'e 25 GR(oszy) 30 GR(oszy) rotbraun red brown brun-rouge lilarot lilac red rouge-lllas 1928 I LSI S I ‘ III tc i-v -fiz SCHAUBEK 14/15 �POLEN / POLAND / POLOGNE / POLSKA 1932/33 ----- 25 GR(oszy) gelbbraun 30 GR(o«zy) rot red rouge yellow brown brun-Jaunc ------ (x ) T. 1933 I Chai I e nge 1934 30 (Groszy) olivgrun'rot | olive green red | vert-olive/ rouge 1933 1934 ' (X) __________________ T. 1932/33 /blau: ailmlsch\ / blue: buff \ 1 bleu : chamois 1 ■ 2p GR(ony) ' grau grey |grls 1934 ---- (X) 60 (+ 40) GR(oizy) 30 GR(oizy) rotbraun: sllrnisch red brown: buff brun-rouge : chamois rot red|rouge -----------------------------n 1934 ----- (X) POCZTX T. 1933 II 25 gr. Wyst. Filat 1934 Katowice T. 1933 III 25 gr. : 80 GR(oszy) rotbrauii/siiniischschwarzblau red brown buff/black blue brun-rouge chamois/bleu-nolr IBS iifct " 1zl. " : 1.20 Zl(oty) 30e;W£30 dunkelbluu s&misch/rot dark blu -'buff red bleu fond/chamois/rouge SCHAUBEK 16/17 �SCHAUBEK 18/19 �POLEN / POLAND / POLOGNE / POLSKA 1936 ----1936 ----- (X) 1930 ----- (X) T. 1935/36 GORDON-BENNETT 30. VIII. 1936 55 Gr(ozzy) 30 Gr(oizy) karmin/blau carmine /blue carmin/bku blau/rot blue/red bleu/rouge 1937 ----- 1938 1937 I 30 55 GR(oizy) GR(ozzy) ultramarln ultramarine outre mer lilarot lilac red rouge-bias 1938 39 ---- SCHAUBEK 20/21 �POLEN / POLAND / POLOGNE / POLSKA 1938 II ---- POCZTA POLSKA 1939 ~~ SCHAUBEK 22/23 �POLEN / POLAND / POLOGNE / POLSKA 1941 ----- SCHAUBEK 24 �POLEN / POLAND / POLOGNE / POLSKA 1944 ----- (X) 1944 ---- SCHAUBEK 25 �POLEN / POLAND / POLOGNE / POLSKA 1945 ----- (X) SCHAUBEK (1953) 26 �POLEN / POLAND / POLOGNE / POLSKA 1944 — 1945 VI----- 1045 I---- 1045 ----- (X) 1045 II ---- SCHAUBEK 27 �POLEN / POLAND / POLOGNE / POLSKA POCZTA POLSKA 1945 ---- 1945 IV ----- 1945IX ----- IWOffl 1945 vm---- 1945 X1----- 1945 ----- (X) 1945 VII ----- SCHAUBEK 28 �POLEN / POLAND / POLOGNE / POLSKA 1945 X ----- 1946 ---- (X) 1945 V ----- SCHAUBEK 29 �POLEN / POLAND / POLOGNE / POLSKA 1946 m ----- tMsaftS jEEnsas 1940 ----- 1946 IV---- 1946 V POLSKA IHEIgUM ZAMEK 1916 I ~~ POLSKA SCHAUBEK (1051) 30 �POLEN / POLAND / POLOGNE / POLSKA 1948 VI ----- 1946 VH----- 1946 vm----- 1946 XI----- 1947 ---- SCHAUBEK 31 �POLEN / POLAND / POLOGNE / POLSKA 1947 ----- (X) 1047 -----(X) 1947 ------ (X) 1947 ----- (X) 194G IX ----- 1947 ----- (X) SCHAUBEK (1953) 32 �POLEN / POLAND / POLOGNE / POLSKA 1947 I ----- SCHAU8EK 33 �POLEN / POLAND / POLOGNE / POLSKA (!© SCHAUBEK 33 * �SCHAUBEK 34 �POLEN / POLAND / POLOGNE / POLSKA 1947----- 1047 III 1048 XI----- SCHAU0EK 35 �POLEN / POLAND / POLOGNE / POLSKA 1948 V----- 1948 XIII ----- 1949 ----- IIWWRB-iimOW-ZAOTOmWffl-MAJ-M9 ir rr r* S SCHAUBEK (1933) 1 r- 36 �POLEN / POLAND / POLOGNE / POLSKA 1040 I --------------------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------- 1048 XIV----- rs^NMlWll WM POLSKA lotnicza 1948 XV----- 1949 IV----27X1 27X1 . s 27X1 .-i-J4' 1249 £ ; SVZSr >UKA ITA POLSSL 1949 II ---- iPOCZTA POLSKA? :jpottTAPOLSKA? . j 1940 III ----- SCHAU BEK 37 �POLEN / POLAND / POLOGNE / POLSKA 1950 VII ----- SCHAUBEK 38 �POLEN / POLAND / POLOGNE / POLSKA 1950 X ---- SCHAUBEK 39 �POLEN / POLAND / POLOGNE / POLSKA Marken von 1949 und 1950 Uberstempelt mlt Stamps of 1949 and 1950 handstamped with groszy grOSZy Timbres de 1949 et 1950 surcharges par cachet a main SCHAUBEK (1052) groszy 39 * �SCHAUBEK 40 �5CHAUBEK �POLEN / POLAND / POLOGNE / POLSKA 1952 ---- 1952 IV---- jgQMCzraaunoBziN jfffflROCZHICAURODZIN POCZTA POLSKA POCZTAPOLSKA 1952 n ----- POCZTAPOLSKA 1952 III----- SCHAUBEK (1958) 42 �POLEN / POLAND / POLOGNE / POLSKA 1952 VII ----- 1952 XT----- 1952 X ---- _ DR 3ANA DZIER2ONA U POLSKA 1952 TX----y POLSKA OR JANA OZIERZONA '®lt 1906 POLSKA 1952 XV----- 1952 XV ---- 1952 XIII----- 10 Zl(oty) karniin carmine carmin POCOA POLSKA 1052 XVII---1052 XII ----- SCHAUBEK (1954) 43 �POLEN / POLAND / POLOGNE / POLSKA 1052 XTX ----- 1052 XXI ---- SCHAUBEK (1954) 44 �SCHAUBEK (11)04) 45 �1053 ITT ---- SCHAUBEK (1055) 46 �POLEN / POLAND / POLOGNE / POLSKA 1953 XI ---- SCHAUBEK (1955) 47 �POLEN / POLAND / POLOGNE / POLSKA 1953 XIV---- 1953 XVI ----- 1053 XV ----- SCHAUBEK (1050) 48 �POLEN / POLAND / POLOGNE / POLSKA 1054 It ----- SCHAUBEK (105(1) 49 �POLEN / POLAND / POLOGNE / POLSKA 1054 IX ----- SCHAUBEK (1950) 50 �POLEN / POLAND / POLOGNE / POLSKA 1954 X ----- J9MM-I95M >A< POLSKA / SCHAUBEK (1050) 51 �SCHAUBEK (1950) 52 �SCHAUBEK (105U) 53 �POLEN / POLAND / POLOGNE / POLSKA Sonderausgabe fur die Briefmarken-Ausstellung Special issue for the Philatelic Exhibition Emission Speciale pour I’Exposition philatelique WARSCHAU 1928 SCHAUBEK �POLEN / POLAND / POLOGNE / POLSKA Sonderausgabe zum Besuch des Konigs Karol II. von Rumanien Special issue to commemorate the visit of King Charles II of Roumania Emission commemorative de la visite du Roi Charles II de Roumanie Z L 4 -4 -7 5 2 111 18 157 852 1937 SCHAUBEK �POLEN / POLAND / POLOGNE / POLSKA Sonderausgabe zum Besuch des Konigs Karol II. von Rumanien Special issue to commemorate the visit of King Charles II of Roumania Emission commemorative de la visite du Roi Charles 11 de Roumanie 1937 SCHAUBEK �POLEN / POLAND / POLOGNE / POLSKA Sonderausgabe zum Besuch des Konigs Karol II. von Rumanien Special issue to commemorate the visit of King Charles II of Roumania Emission commemorative de la visite du Roi Charles 11 de Roumanie 1937 CG8 Z.Gl/81 III C C i-fr-frlZ SCHAUBEK �POLEN / POLAND / POLOGNE / POLSKA Sonderausgabe fur die Briefmarken-Ausstellung Special issue for the Philatelic Exhibition Emission spGciale pour I’Exposition philatelique WARSCHAU 1938 XXJS 8i in ssi-fr-nz SCHAUBEK �POLEN / POLAND / POLOGNE POLSKA Sonderausgabe fur die Briefmarken-Ausstellung Special issue for the Philatelic Exhibition Emission spGciale pour I’Exposition philatelique WARSCHAU 1938 Rczahnt | perforated | dentelg SCHAUBEK 45 Gr(oszy) 45 Gr(Mzy) 55 Gr(ctzy) 55 Gi(oszy) �POLEN / POLAND / POLOGNE / POLSKA Sonderausgabe zur 20-Jahrfeier der Republik Special issue to commemorate the 2O‘h Anniversary of Independence Emission commemorative du 20® anniversaire de l’ind6pendance 1938 DOCZNICA ODZYSKANIA NIEPODLEGLOSCI Z L 4 -4 -7 5 2 HI 18 157 852 1918-11.XI-1938 SCHAUBEK �POLEN / POLAND / POLOGNE / POLSKA Sonderausgabe zugunsten eines Stratospharen-Fluges Special issue in advance of a Stratosphere Flight Emission spGciale en faveur d’un vol stratosphGrique 1938 752 III.'18 157 852 P I SCHAUBEK . D O �POLEN / POLAND / POLOGNE / POLSKA Sonderausgabe zum 25. Grundungstag der Polnischen Legion Special issue to commemorate the 25th Anniversary of the Founding of Polish Legion Emission commemorative du 25e anniversaire de la fondation de la Ldgion polonaise Z L 4 -4 -7 5 2 111 18 157 852 1939 SCHAUBEK �POLEN / POLAND / POLOGNE / POLSKA Sonderausgabe zugunsten des Internationalen Erziehungsamtes Special issue in favour of International Education Office Emission spSciale au profit du Bureau International d’fxducation 1947 �POLEN / POLAND / POLOGNE / POLSKA Sonderausgabe zu Ehren von Kampfern fur Freiheit und Demokratie Special issue to honour Fighters for Liberty and Democracy Emission speciale a I’honneur des combattants pour Hberte et democratic 1948 04322 WARSZAWA - BUDAPEST ♦»2zt SCHAUBEK �SCHAUBEK POLEN / POLAND / POLOGNE / POLSKA Sonderausgabe Polnische Kultur Special issue Polish Culture Emission spdciale Culture de Pologne 1948 BRATAlBfRI 1846 1916 POLSKA POLSKal® 1Ozt I in aHlt-SKlODOWSKAHWHM A.M1CKIEWICZ 1791-1855 POLSKA POLSKA IKultura Polska 43585 62 + 438Z-L �POLEN / POLAND / POLOGNE / POLSKA Sonderausgabe zum PhilatelistenkongreB Special issue for the Philatelic Congress Emission spSciale pour le Congres philatGlique 1951 WSPOLNYM WYSI-LKI EM CA-tEGO NARODU ZBUDUJEMY POLSKE SOCJALISTYCZNA OGawmWWY ZJJAZD) POLSKIEGO ZWI^ZKU FILATELIST0W _________________ WARSZAWA I95I ----------------------- Q 5 ZE SCHAUBEK (1954) �Z L 4 -4 -7 5 2 HI/18/157 852 POLEN / POLAND / POLOGNE / POLSKA SCHAUBEK D 1 �POLEN / POLAND / POLOGNE / POLSKA SCHAUBEK (1953) D 2 �POLEN / POLAND / POLOGNE / POLSKA JOJ 9 ----- NACHP.-M. ( X > SCHAUBEK P 1 �POLEN / POLAND / POLOGNE / POLSKA 1921 I ------ NOCHP.-M. 20 (Fanigow) ziegelrot brlque red rouge brlque 30 (Fanigow) ziegelrot brick red rouge brlque 5 4 (Fanigow) (Fanigow) ziegelrot brick red rouge brlque ziegelrot brick red rouge brique 50 (Fonjgow) ziegelrot brick red rouge brlque 100 (Fanigow) 500 (Fanigow) ziegelrot brick red rouge brlque ziegelrot brick red rouge brlque 1921 ----- - (X) NACHP.-M. (=1^.) X schwarz black | noir 20 Mk 20 Mk 35 Mk 6 Mk 10 halerzy 70 halerzy 25 halerzy dunkelrosa dark rose rose fonc6 50 halerzy blauschiefer blue slate ardolse-bleu ultramarin ultramarine outrenier rot |red | rouge S MK (Marek) Z L 4 -4 -7 5 2 III/18/157 852 blauschwarz blue black nolr-bleu SCHAUBEK P 2 �POLEN / POLAND / POLOGNE / POLSKA 1923 ~~ ( X ) HACHP.-M. T. 1921 I 2 MK 20 MK blauschwarz blue black noir-bleu 0 MK blauschwarz blue black noir-bhu 1923/24 ---- blauschwarz blue black noir-bleu hachp.-m. 500 MK (Marek) blauscliwarz bin. black noir-bleu 20000 MK (Marek) blauschwarz blue black noir-bleu 30000 MK (Marek) 50000 MK (Marek) blauschwarz blue black noir-bleu blauschwarz blue black noir-bldu 500000 MK (Marek) 1000000 MK (Marek) blauschwarz • blue black noir-bleu 200000 MK (Marek) blauschwarz blue black noir-bleu 2000000 MK (Marek) blauschwarz blue black noir-bleu 300000 MK Marek) blauschwarz blue black noir-bleu 3000000 MK (Marek) blauschwarz blue black noir-bleu Z L 4 -4 -7 5 2 III/18/157 852 blauschwarz blue black noir-bleu 100 000 MK (Marek) blauschwarz blue black noir-bleu SCHAUBEK P 3 �Z L 4 -4 -7 5 2 XII/18/157 852 POLEN / POLAND / POLOGNE / POLSKA SCHAUBEK P 4 �POLEN / POLAND / POLOGNE / POLSKA 1934/30~~ (X Jnachp^j. 1938/39 ---- SCHAUBEK nachp.-m. P 5 �POLEN / POLAND / POLOGNE / POLSKA SCHAUBEK (1053) P 6 �POLEN / POLAND / POLOGNE / POLSKA 1950 ---- 1951---- 15 20 GR(oszy) GR(oszy) braunkarmin brown carmine carmin-brun braunkarmin brown carmine carmin-brun 90 GR(oszy) braunkarmin brown carmine carmin-brun SCHAUBEK (1953) P7 �POLEN / POLAND / POLOGNE / POLSKA OBERSCHLESIEN / UPPER SILESIA / HAUTE SILESIE 1022/23 50 Marek schwarzoliv black olive olive-nolr 80 Marek zlegelrot brick red rouge brique 200 Marek ocker ochre ocre 300 Marek hellblau light blue bleu clalr 100 Marek blauviolett blue violet voilet-bleu Z L 4 -4 -7 5 2 III/18/157 852 20 Marek viplett violet SCHAUBEK 1 �POLEN / POLAND / POLOGNE / POLSKA FOr das Abstimmungsgebiet / For the plebiscit district / Pour le territoire de plebiscite OSTSCHLESIEN / EASTERN SILESIA / SILESIE ORIENTALE Z t 4 -4 -7 5 2 III/18/157 852 1020 ---- (X) SCHAUBEK 1 �*) Wertziffern von wciPer Llnle umrahmt | Figures of value framed by a white line | Chiffres de la valeur entoures d'une llgne blanche POLEN/ POLAND / POLOGNE / POLSKA Polnische Post / Polish Post-Office / Bureau de poste Polonais DANZIG / DANTZIG SCHAUBEK 1 �POLEN / POLAND / POLOGNE / POLSKA DANZIG / DANTZIG Polnische Post / Polish Post-Office / Bureau de poste Polonais 1929/30 ---- (>;)') T. 1920 I PORT GDANSK 25 GR (Groszy) 10 GR (Gioszy) griin green :5 GR (Groszy) dunkelviolett dark violet violet fonce lilabraun lilac brown brun-lllas vert 1033 ----- <*> ’) 1930 — (X)1) 1 1934---- (X)‘) T. 1932/33 PORT GDANSK Gr(oszy) 15 Gr(oizy) griin green vert lilarosa lilac rose rose-lilas 10 : 5 Gr(oszy) Illa lilac Idas 1930 ---- (X) PORT GDANSK PORT GDANSK 15 Gr'(oszy) 25 Gr(o»y) griinllchblau/schwarz greenish blue/black bleu-vcrdiltre/nolr schwarzblau/schwarz black blue/black bleu-noir/noir 1931----- (X) >) T. 1928 I T. 1937 T. 1937 PORT GDANSK PORT GDANSK 5 Gr(oszy) : 15 GR (Groszy) dunkellila/scliwarz dark lilac/black Illas fonc£/noir ultramarln ultramarine outremer PORT GDANSK 15 Gr(oszy) braunrot/schwarz brown red/black rougc-brun'noir 1938 ---- SBC 15 Gr(oszy) rotbraun red brown brun-rouge SCHAUBEK 25 Gr(oszy) violett violet 55 Gr(oszy) blau blue bleu 2 �POLEN ' POLAND / POLOGNE / POLSKA MITTELLITAUEN / CENTRAL LITHUANIA / LITHUANIE CENTRALE LITWA SRODKOWA 1920----- 1921 ----- Z L 4 -4 -7 5 2 III/18/157 852 1921 SCHAUBEK 1 �POLEN / POLAND / POLOGNE / POLSKA MITTELLITAUEN / CENTRAL LITHUANIA / LITHUANIE CENTRALE LITWA SRODKOWA 1920 ---- T. 1920 25 F(enigi) zlegelrdt brick red rouge-brlque 1 M(arka) blau blue bleu 2 M(arki) vlolctt violet 1921 ---- T. 1920 25 F(anigi) 1 M(arka) 2 M(arki) dunkelgrlin dark green vert fonc6 dunkelbrnun dark brown brun foncd ocker ochre ocro 1921 ---- SCHAUBEK 1 * �POLEN / POLAND / POLOGNE / POLSKA MITTELLITAUEN / CENTRAL LITHUANIA / LITHUANIE CENTRALE LITWA SRODKOWA 1021 ---- (X)________________ T. 1920 , NA SLASK 2 ' M : 25 F(eniCi) rot/grOn red/green rouge/vert 2*5 F(enigi) grfln/rot green/red vert/rouge 1921 ---- fxl T. 1921 * 1 i M(arka) braun/rot brown/red brun/rougc i M(arka) blau/rot blue/red bleu/rouge 2 M(arki) 2 M(irki) vlolett/rot violct/rcd violet/rouge ocker/rot ochre/red ocre/rouge 1921 ---- (X) 1921 II ---- T. 1921 T. 1921 noa O 1 M 1 M HF 2 M + 2 M(arki) 2 M(aiki) 4 M(arki) 10 M(arki) 4 M(arki) lila/rot lilac/red lllas/rouge Illa lilac Illas oliv/gelblicb olive/yellowish olive/jaunlltre braun/gelb brown,yellow brun/Jaunc oliv/gelb'rot olive/yellow red olive'jaune/rge. 1921 I ---- Z L 4 -4 -7 5 2 I1I/J8/157 852 L SCHAUBEK 2 �SCHAUBEK 2 * Z L 4 -4 -7 5 2 111/18/157 �POLEN / POLAND / POLOGNE / POLSKA MITTELLITAUEN / CENTRAL LITHUANIA / LITHUANIE CENTRALE Z L 4 -4 -7 5 2 111/18/157 852 LITWA SRODKOWA SCHAUBEK P 1 �POLEN / POLAND / POLOGNE / POLSKA MITTELLITAUEN / CENTRAL LITHUANIA / LITHUANIE CENTRALS LITWA 8RODKOWA Z L 4 -4 -7 5 2 III/J8/157 852 1021 — W»CHI»^M, SCHAUBEK P 1 * �POLEN / POLAND / POLOGNE / POLSKA POLNISCHES KORPS / POLISH LEGION / CORPS POLONAIS 1018 ---- (X) X scliwarz black | noir K 35 K K 50 K 1 Kop(eke) 2 Kopfeken) 3 Kop('eken) grOn green vert rot red rpuge gelb yellow jaune 1918 Pol. Korp. R 1 R ■ (X) X schwarz black | noir K. 10 K. K. 35 K. K 50 K R 1 R 3 Kop(«k*n) 1 Kop(oke) 2 Kop(eken) 3 Kop(eken) gelb yellow jaune griin green vert rot red rouge ZL 4 -4 -7 5 2 111/18/157 852 rot rod rouge SCHAUBEK 1 ��� Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Polish Room scrapbooks Description An account of the resource A collection of scrapbooks created by the Polish Committee from the 1940s through the present day. Materials included in the scrapbooks include photographs, correspondence, pamphlets, newspaper clippings, and other ephemera on the Polish Room at E.S. Farley Library and Polish-American contributions in the Wyoming Valley. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Polish Committee Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1940s through present day. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Collection of Polish Stamps Scrapbook, appraised ca 1980 Description An account of the resource A scrapbook containing a collection of Polish stamps, gift of Mr. and Mrs. Raymond Stajka of Sheatown, Pennsylvania to the Wilkes College Polish Room Committee. Received by Julie Znaniecki and appraised by Irwin Weinberg through effort of Anne Urbanski, Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Mr and Mrs. Raymond Strajka owned the stamp collection and donated it to the Polish Room Committee on May 1, 1980. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1980 May 1 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource PDF Type The nature or genre of the resource Scrapbook https://omeka.wilkes.edu/omeka/files/original/3d72851adfd5a2d43e1cea4d7d8f42e0.pdf 21f168d10949bca1b1f4292ef10ac35d PDF Text Text �POLISH ROOM This Room is dedicated to the memory of settlers from Poland who since 1856 have made their homes in Wyoming Valley By their efforts they contributed to the development of its major industries mining and farming By their sense of fair play they encouraged the principle of collective bargaining Through their homes, schools, and churches they have proclaimed their faith and love of country This plaque is erected by their descendants so that their sons and daughters, together with the sons and daughters of those from other lands may take courage from their lives and deeds, and forever be reminded in these halls of Wilkes College that opportunity, wisdom, and justice are for all Americans Presented by Women's Committee for the Polish Room at Wilkes College Room designed by Stefan Mrozewski Furniture Made and Carved by Stefan H. Hellersperk �_ THE POLISH AMERICAN JOURNAL — MARCH 3rd, I956_ THE S1GHIFANCE OF CKWAl GROUPS M WE MODERN WORLD BY FLORIAN ZNANIECKI Professor-Emeritus, University of Illinois Cultural associations are associa- Hungarian, Ukrainian, Lithuanian, tions whose ■ members share a com­ Serbian, and modern Greek, in the mon culture and cooperate in main­ nineteenth century. When Thomas and I studied the taining this culture,it.contributing to appreciate In thetypes modern . learn, world tothere are two main of growth and helping other people Poles in America from 1914 to 1919, Ij its culture: religious culture — Roman we thought that local Polish associa­ I Catholic, Greek Orthodox, Islamic, tions would eventually disappear, as h Buddhist, etc. -— and nationpfe^Pn «. LULii*“y in j.yjy, became^tu^nh^^^l| ture— French^-members'share a I the Poles t^--P° leS in ,the United States BUnwnal culture. Polish “Arts Clubs” lated_2Z=4-as a surprise to me to find, 'clubs Th7cOUSly’ national culture wS i, Th associations are not so were .better organized and more so■vet1t£lOWn T5 religious associations; -9111^1nntergrated than they had been yet they are tremendous- important in 1919, and that- many of new vari­ r ™a”k,ind general. mportant eties of Polish cultural associations , before discussing these associ- had evolved which did not exist be­ ah°Uld -givfe, a_brief .defini- fore — especially, but not only, the / ' M^fjpnal Polish Arts Clubs. And this ' of the fact that np?»rlv gJLn of these || I ticinantii^!^^^^^m^™Ww88 ■ �TIMES LEADER www.timesleader.com HONORED FOR YEARS OF DEDICATION TIMES LEADER STAFF PHOTO/DON CAREY ule Znaniecki, 98, will be honored tonight at the 57th annual Kosciuszko Foundation Ball for her longtime dedication to the Wilkes University Polish Room Committee, which provides scholarship money to students of Polish descent. The Nanticoke resident formerly served as the committee's president, a post she held for more than 20 years. She also was chairwoman of the first foundation ball. It is unlikely she will be able to attend tonight's black-tie affair at the Woodlands Inn & Resort, Plains Township. Howev­ er, admirers have prepared a plaque that recognizes Znaniecki's 'inspirational leader­ ship' and efforts to promote Polish culture and heritage. J ���A �1222 The Franklin and Eleanor Roosevelt Institute 4079 Albany Post Road Hyde Park, New York 12538 DATE : 8/21/02 AMOUNT: $35.00 (CASH) FUND : Membership Thank you. Ms. Jule Znaniecki 2 Jifkin St. Nanticoke, PA 18624 All contributions are tax-deductible as allowable by law. No goods or services were provided in consideration of this contribution. ��the WILKES COLLEGE POLISH ROOM COMMITTEE PROGRAM and the MUSIC of IGNATZ PADEREWSKI WILKES COLLEGE DEPARTMENT OF MUSIC Nocturne, B Major, Opus 16, No. 4 Song of a Wanderer, B Major, Opus 8, No. 3 Minuet, G Major, Opus 14, No. 1 present Melody, G Flat Major, Opus 16, No. 2 Krakowiak Dance Fantasie, B Major, Opus 14, No. 6 EDWIN KOWALIK, pianist INTERMISSION Laureate of international competitions: Bucharest, 1953; Warsaw, 1955; Rio de Janeiro, 1957 MUSIC of FREDERICK CHOPIN Nocturne, D Flat Major, Opus 27, No. 2 in a concert of Waltzes: PADEREWSKI, CHOPIN, and POLAND A Flat Major C Sharp Minor, Opus 64, No. 2 E Minor Fantasie-Impromptu, C Sharp Minor, Opus 66 KAZIMIERZ PUSSAK, narrator introduction pertaining to the music, letters of composers, their impressions of Poland, fragments of poems Preludes Opus 28: C Major, A Major, B Major, D Flat Major A Flat Major, C Minor, G Minor Mazurki-Mazur Dances: C Major, Opus 24, No. 2 B Minor, Opus 33, No. 4 B Major, Opus 7, No. 1 Polonaise, A Major, Opus 40, No. 1 Sunday, April 1, 1979 - 4:30 p.m. Etudes: DOROTHY DICKSON DARTE CENTER FOR THE PERFORMING ARTS E Major, Opus 10, No. 3 C Minor, Opus 10, No. 12 �Wilkes College Department of Music Dorothy Dickson Done Center For The Performing Arts Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania 18766 �l'^» 5" ■ : •■w MSMB �TIMES-Ll FRIDAY EVENING, APRIL 25, 1958 Authentic Polish Costumes To Be Worn In Ballet Presentation </ Mrs. Vincent Znaniecki, chair­ man, and Mrs. Albert Cooper, cochairman, report that all- is in readiness for the ballet, “Pan Tivardowski,” to be held at Irem Temple, Saturday evening at 8:30 p. m. Wilkes College Polish Room Committee is sponsoring the ballet. In conjunction with the ballet. there will be a program of Polish folk dances consisting of the Kujawiak, Mazur and Krakowiak. The dancers, members of the Yurek Lazowski Dance Theatre Ijawiak is at first sad and lachry-| -D’Arlene Studio of New York City, will perforfa [mose in which the couples ad­ ‘ wonderful strength. Here . rn-au+hentic Polish costumes. From Cracow comes the most vance slowly, and pensively but feels happiness, full exprej [as the dance develops, the tempo popular of these dances—the of freedom, and the f ulln J Krakowiak which is a spirited, accelerates and in the end be­ life. It is through these fS gay and graceful dance, per­ comes gay and spirited. formed in couples. In this dance The most popularized Polish that the Polish people h'.ivfl are pictured all the wealth and dance not only in Poland but also served their rich traditions" political beauty of this province. abroad is the Mazur. This dance The music has been; arra On the other hand, the Kujawiak is both melancholy and ___ bold, ____ , j by Frank Gregory of J&ewj is a melancholy dance, full of - magnificent and somber, stately City and his orchestrarM sentiment and danced rather [and fierce with dancers rushing! for both the ballet aM| slowly. The melody of the Ku-:to dance with joyful clamor and I group. �MRS, ELEANOR FARLEY AMERICAN COUNCIL OF POLISH CULTURAL CLUBS, J 1 95 9 CONVENTION * Mrs, Eleanor Farley, wife of the president of Wilkes College, Dr. Eugene S. Farley, is well-known to residents of Wyoming Valley as an accomplished pianist. She has made numerous solo perfor­ mances, both piano and harpsichord, with the former Geiss Symrohonetta of Wyoming Valley. She has appeared in various "Town and Gown" programs sponsored by the Music Department at Wilkes College and she has been accompanist for musical programs featuring singers, dancers, violinists, flutists, and choral groups. Mrs. Farley is a member of the Board of the Wilkes-Barre Community Con­ cert Association and president, three terms, of the Wyoming Valley Women's Club. The Host Club Women’s Committee for the Polish Room of Wilkes College proudly presents MRS. ELEANOR FARLEY pianist in a Musical Program "MOODS OF CHOPIN” at the Wilkes College Gymnasium Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania 8:00 p.m. ■•'day, August 7, 1959 ��ES-LEADER, THE EVENING NEWS, WILKES-BARRE, PA., < Wilkes Polish Room Aides Meet —Sadowski Photo Committees Are Named For April 28 th Party 1 At a recent meeting, Mrs. Standing: Mrs. Henry Horbac- in the Parrish Hall of the col­ John Porcreva, chairman of the zewski, chairman of refresh­ lege. card party and 'bake sale of the ments; Miss Felicia Perlick, re­ The committee has ear-marked Wilkes College Polish Room Committee, made additional ap­ freshments committee, and Mrs. the proceeds of this year’s card party for its. capital fund which pointments to her committee. Pocreva, chairman. This annual party will.be held at Members of the hostess com­ will be used for its nationality mittee -comprise Mrs. Stefan rooms, a part of the college’s the Wilkes College Gymnasium on Wednesday, April 28, at Hel'lersperk, chairman; Mrs. Fine Arts Building under con­ Clement Maslow, Mrs. Charles C. struction. The plan and decor| 8 p. m. Assisting Mrs. Pocreva with Telejszo and Miss Ellen Strojny. will be designed to simulate the The Wilkes College Polish architecture and furniture in her plans are, seated, • from the left: Mrs. Vincent Znaniecki, Room Committee is a valley­ vogue in Poland at the turn of wide organization and is closely the lOth.eentury. Many beauti­ chairman of table prizes; Mrs. Anita Janerich, general co-chair­ affiliated with Wilkes College, ful hand-carved pieces ; are al­ man; Mrs. Clement Schwartz, both educationally and culturally. ready a part of the fuiiishings Its present quarters, are located at the Parrish Hall queers. chairman of special prizes. �^nstmaafer (General Jllffaafymgtim, J-CfL 20260 April 22, 1965 Dr. Joseph Kocyan 137 South Franklin Street Wilkes Barre, Pennsylvania 18701 Dear Dear Dr. Kocyan: I enjoyed meeting you at the recent Kosciuszko Foundation luncheon here in Washington. It was a memorable occasion for me. I was particu­ larly pleased to see so many leading citizens from all over the country giving freely of their time and money to help the Foundation to enlarge its many programs and contribute to the already profound influence it has in America and Poland. Please accept the enclosed photograph with an ex­ pression of my wish that you might have every success in this endeavor. Postmaster General �All of the officer^>s^all be members in good standing in the Organization. Duties of. Officers: - (a) President - The President shall preside at all meetings of the Organization; shall be anex-officio member of all jeommittees; shall preside at all meetings of the Board of Directors; and shall perform all such duties as are incidental to the office of the President and are properly required of her. (b) First. Vice President - In the absence of the President, she shall exercise all of the functions of the President and shall be vested with all of her powers A Second Vi^e President - In the absence of the president and thexFirst Vice President, she shall exercise all of the functions of the President and shall be vested with u all of her powers. C(d) Secretary - The Secretary shall have charge of all papers; keep such records, make such reports and perform such duties as are incidental to that office andmpreperly . j required of—her by .the orgenizationZ^^^eAXAV' Treasurer - The Treasurer shall have charge of the funds of the Organization, shall conduct its banking business gnd audit all accounts/^Checks drd\^h'<^mbll beTtei^n'ddv"^ he Treasurer ajid shall be countersigned by an addit nal Officer. --‘Al The Board of Directors shall consist of fifteen-members-including the Officers the immediate past President^the £$efr€We Directors. ■ ‘ The Board of Directors and the-6haixmen_o£_ihe_Stending Committees ik-d vm-vZjJ veux/ shall have power to transact all-ordinary bi .ness. £ The President shall appoint the Chairman of each Standing Committee ; and shall__Q£llaborate with the Committee Chairman in selecting members of-4ier-eemmitteev~- The President is empowered to appoint such special committees as she deems needful at any time. 7 The vote of the majority in any committee shall be the vote of the committee. Officers and Directors m chairmen of committe o serve on committees or as ARTICLE VII - NOMINATIONS AND ELECTIONS 1 ’ meeting to ^b(/held not later than the first At a Bo. to the election of officers, the Board of week of February pri Directors shall elect a online ting Committee consisting of five (5) shall be members of the Board of Directors members, three (3) of wh The Vice President who/shal serve as Chairman of this Committee, shall promptly call meeting\>f her Committee to consider nominations for the various offices to be held. —-y 2 Slate of officers shall be presented the Grc&p by the Nominating Committee for approval. If there are further nominations for any office they are to be presented at this time and voted upon. Approval of slate of officers presented by Nominating Committee shall be written bailor- and further nominations for any office shall be presented on the same ballet. / 7 J (L rvMy ’ |C J a �CITIZENS’ VOICE, WILKES-BARRE, PA., THURSDAY, JUNE 19,1980 Polish Room Committee Notes Anniversary Wilkes College Polish Room Committee recently celebrated its 30th an­ niversary. The first two un­ dertakings this year included sponsoring a reception following the February per­ formance of the Northestem Philharmonic Symphony Orchestra at Irem Temple and the annual spring card party at the Wilkes College Dining Commons. The third annual affair took place in the Venetian Room at the Gus Genetti Hotel when the committee sponsored a special dinner party honoring Mrs. Vincent Znaniecki, past president. The entire program was a tribute to her leadership for the past eight years as president and 22 years as vice president of the Polish Room. Some 83 members, friends, relatives and representatives of the organizations were in attendance. Table cen­ terpieces were fresh pastel floral arrangements around ; large candles on pink tablecloths. Dr. Hala Rushin, vice president, presented Mrs. Znaniecki with an orchid corsage and gave the address of welcome The highlight of the evening was an address by Mrs. Stefan Hellersperk, who recounted the major ac­ complishments undertaken by Mrs. Znaniecki and the committee. In her response, Mrs. Znaniecki thanked the members for their support. The program concluded with special renditions of Polish folk songs sung by the Polish Room Chorus under the direction of Mrs. John Pagoda. Mrs. John Conser sang two solos. A duet was given by Mrs. Conser and Mrs. Joseph Noroski. In the top photo, seated left to right: Mrs. Victoria Pietkiewicz, Mrs. Anthony Grosek, Mrs. Richard Mary Stefanski, Miss Glowacki and Mrs. Edward Nork. Standing: Mrs. John Loughlin, Miss Sophie Vnukowski, Mrs. John Wojcik, Mrs. Clem Schwartz, Mrs. Vincent Znaniecki, Miss Lucia Smith, Mrs. Paul Selecky, Mrs. Joseph Mieszkowski and Mrs. Joseph Piekarski. Shown in the bottom photo, seated, from left: Mrs. Joseph Piekarski, Mrs. Joseph Rushin, Mrs. Vincent Znaniecki and Mrs. John Pavada. Standing: Mrs. Stefan Hellersperk, Mrs. Joseph Mosier, Mrs. Theodore Schwartz, Mrs. Joseph Skuzinski and Mrs. Michael Weiss. �Vers of rfj^WoiTdT/hvarcL x^Cecdftcat&^o^ ^R^cojiution^ porn i^ownFBllcift VLODEK "The Polish Nightingale" / *■ Tutura£ totfiawnMU MISS VLODEK (originally spelled Wlodek) Is a native of ,-v«5vz, Poland. From the age of six to seventeen she - . j t\ed at the Conservatory of Music in her native city, i.Jing with two diplomas—in voice and piano. Therevpiin, from 1934 to 1938 she received a scholarship from ' Vienna Academy of Art and Music and studied with D.r. Theo Lierhammer, the director of the Academy, fatuous as voice teacher of Marion Anderson, Richard Tauber and Galli-Curci. Still as a student in Vienna and later on Miss Vlodek appeared as guest artist with several European Symphony orchestras and sang under such famous conductors as Felix Weingartner and Arturo Toscanini. Everywhere critics and audiences have been impressed by a remarkable combination of talents: de­ lightful vocal suppleness, superb musicianship, and a gay, winsome stage personality. Her tonal range is four and a half octaves, reaching an octave above High-C. The World War II interrupted her brilliant career. She found herself in the Warsaw Insurrection and had been through all the horrors of concentration camps of both German and Russian types. Her husband, a Polish prince with a Cambridge University degree, was kid­ napped and murdered by the Russians in West Germany less than a year after the close of the war. She prefers to keep silent about the horrors of war that wiped out most of her family. In 1948 she managed to find her way to Canada with her mother, has slowly regained her health, became a Canadian citizen, and is now trying to piece together the pattern of her European musical career that was shattered by the war. - ��CITIZENS’ VOICE. WILKES-BARRE, PA., THURSDAY. JULY 5,1979 Polish Museum Is Largest Ethnic Hall By CHARLES HILLINGER The Los Angeles Times CHICAGO - The most popular items sold in the Polish Museum of America gift shop are buttons and bumper stickers that pro­ claim: "Kiss Me, I’m Polish” I “Eat Your Heart Out, I’m Polish”! “The World’s Greatest Peo­ ple Are Polish”! “Many who come to the museum are not Polish, but they are honorary Poles by the time they leave,” laughed Henry Cygan, 66, official guide at the Polish Museum of America, which bills itself as the “largest ethnic museum in the United States.” The Polish Museum has been in existence 42 years in the heart of ChicagoTPolish district at 984 N. Milwaukee Avenue. ‘ ~ It is the cultural and educa­ tional center of millions of Polish Americans. When Cardinal Karol Wo­ jtyla was elected Pope Oct. 16, news crews from every televi­ sion station and newspaper in Chicago showed up at the Polish Museum. So did hundreds of Poles. “They knew this is where the action would be that day,” Cygan said. Cygan reached into a drawer and pulled out a pic­ ture of Pope John Paul II stan­ ding wittiThe official museum guide, taken two years ago when the pontiff,, then a cardinal, toured the Polish Museum. At the entrance is a large showcase filled with front pages of newspapers headlin­ ing the election of the~ first Polish pope. Also prominently displayed in the showcase is a museum guest register with a huge ar- row pointing to a signature and a large notation in bold letters: "POPE’S AUTO­ GRAPH!” “Much of what we have here should more properly be on display in Poland, but the political climate in the old country is such that makes that impossible. of course," Cygan said. The museum exhibits a priceless collection of works of Poland’s greatest painters from” the period between World War I and World~War H. ‘ ’The paintings were on exhjb.it at the New York World’s F^ir and became stranded in this country when war broke out. How he got the paintings is a long involved story, but the strategy was worked out wijh Polish organizations in thisxfllintry to house the pain­ tings here,’’Cygan said. Two of Poland’s most famous murals also are in the showing museum, murols i ~ Thaddeus Kosciuszko. the Washington of "George Poland,” leading_an insurrec­ tion against the Russians in Krakow in 1794. and Russian Cossacks astride horses and with daggers in their mouths Paderewski, prime minister of.................. Poland folloxvingjyoilsLWar J_and an international famous concert pianist. Paderewski died in a Nfisv York hotel in June 1941. The bed he died in is in the museum as well as his piano and nearly all of his personal possessions. street of Warsaw in I860. Another wing of the “You can imagine what the museum houses a large collec­ fate of these two_Jamous tion Kosciuszko’s of murajs would be if they were memorabil _______ ia. Kosciuszko, to fall in the hand of Com­ who came to America from munist, leaders in Poland to­ Poland in 1776, was a famous day,” Cygan said. Revolutionary” War hero and Cygan said the murals were buiR the fortress at West_Point spirited out of Poland at the thaCwas later totecome this end of the war “before the nation’s military academy. Russian conquerors of Poland At the end of the Revolu­ could get their hands on them. tionary War, Kosciuszko "How they got here is a returned to Poland to become mystery. It’s something we do his nation’s leader and led an not talk about.” unsuccessful insurrection to Ope wing of the museum is freeJffbland from Russian devotgd to Ignace Jan rule. tn © w E tn ce The museum is filled with Polish treasures tracing the history of Poland from earliest times. There are exhibits~depicting the lives of such famous Poles as Coper­ nicus and famous Polish"Americons such as Helena. Modjeska; the Polish S'Tuikespearean actress. Housed here is the best Polish folk art collection and th^Urgest library of Polish . lii£ralure outside Poland. All. of df archives of the PolishAmtfican Auny of World War I_areTn the museum. 2 c: A' Franciscan pri^st^ Rev-DonaldBilingVM s curator for njy g But it K's | retired. who greet-! afternoon du, museum is op p.m. and wv Ticiai tours gS g BP * �Matejko Na State w Fundacji Kosciuszkowskiej Dar Panstwa Lesterow, z Kingston, Pa. tejki w Ameryce, sprezentowany Fundacji Kosciuszkowskiej przez Panstwo Jozefostwo Lesterow. Rok temu wystawiony zostal w Fundacj i Kosciuszkowskiej prawdopodobnie jedyny obraz olejny Matejki, jaki dostal si? dotychczas do Ameryki. Przedstawia od fragment dawnej stolicy Polski — Krakowa z epoki Odrodzenia, t. j z pierwszej polowy 16-go wieku, z widokiem na Wawdl. Na pierwIzym planie Pry-mas Polski biskup Piotr Gazamat i Stariczyk wraz z orszakiem, powracajqcy z uczty u krola Zygmunta Sta­ rego i Krolowej Bony. bez pieni?dzy, oraz ludzie i bez gustu i bez pieni?dzy... Zaipomnieli jednak o czwartej kategorii — o tych. jeszcze nielicznych jednostkach, ktore maja gust i nie sa zupelnie bie- dne. Panstwo Jozefostwo Lesterowie z Kinsington, Pa obraz ten zakupili i Fundacji sprezentowali podezas uroczystosci jubileuszowych z okazji 25-lecia. Jest to dar, ktory sie nie da ocenic nawet na wag? zloia. Czesc im za to! Majac obecnie wlasna siedzib?, gdzie stara si? zgromadzic cenne zabytki kultury oraz sztuki polskiej, Fundacja Kosciuszkowska z wdziecznoscia przyjmie dalsze donaeje obrazow mistrzow polskich, jak J6zef Brandt, Chelmoriski, Falat, Bracia Gierymscy, Juliusz Kossak, Wierusz Kowalski, Jacek Malczewski. Leon Wyczolkowski, Stanislaw Wyspianski itd. Obraz ten.‘namalowany w r. 1873 — 1878 znalazl si? w A.meryce dzi?ki tej okolicznosci, ze by! w posiadaniu rodziny polskiej w' Wiedniu i w czasie najazdu Nazistow by! ukryty przez wiedenskich przyjaciol tej rodziny. 1P0- wojnie zostal wywieziony do Kanady, a stamtad dostal si? na wystaw? w Domu Fundacji Kosciuszkowskiej — gdzie w ciagu roku tysigee osob mialo sposobnosc To nie konkureneja dla sp. ogladac go i podziwiac Heimana, wzglednie dla ZPRK, ktore si? speejalizuje w groSwego czasu Fundacj a Kosdorobku ciuszkowska zwrocila na niego madzeniu zabytkow uwage przez szpalty gazet pol- Polonii Amerykanskiej. Nawiaskich w Ameryce z sugestla, Ze sem mowige, niebawem b?dzie moze znajdzie sie jakis mece- okazja do nabycia pi?ciu 'branas sztuki, ktory ten obraz za- z6w (ze zbiorow znanej i zasluobec­ kupi i zaofiaruje go Fundacji zonej rodziny polskiej, Kosciuszkowskiej, zwazywszy, nie zagranicQ), takich mistrzow iz w obecnych czasach nalezy jak Jacek Malczewski, Wlodzigromadzic i przechowywac na mierz Tetmajer, Leon Wyczdlwolnej ziemi amerykanskiej ta- kowski i Stanislaw Wyspianski. kie klejnoty kultury i sztuki Fundacja Kosciuszkowska b?polskiej z czasowj dawniejszych. dzie si? starala sprowadzic to Dowcipnisie twierdzili. ze obrazy na wystaw’?, a z czasem koncepcja znalezienia takiego znajdzie si? moze, jaki mecenas mecenasa sztuki to — marzenie sztuki, albo kilku mecenasow, sci?tej glowy — bo Amerykaktorzy wspdlnie t? kolekcj? zanin nie kupi. nie znaj^c Matej­ kupia i sprezentuj^ Fundacji ki, a Amerykanie polskiego pochodzenia dziel^. si? na trzy kaStefan Mierzwa, dyrektor tegorie: ludzie z pieni?dzmi i Fundacji Kosciuszkowskiej bez gusfu, ludzie z gustem, ale 15 E. 65th St., New York. �LSL2H History of Valley’s Lebanese Traced for Capacity Audience FINAL EDITION b’ the Turks, he massacred by ssaid. ................... ................ , ............ He added many fled to Egypt and Europe and eventually came America. Albert said the first Lebanese family to arrive in this area settled in .Scranton in 1877 and by 1880 some 25 Le­ banese families lived in the Wyoming Valley. He added this number had increased to. 110 families by 1910^ The speaker said most of the early Lebanese immigrants resided in the Roll­ ing Mill Hill section of WilkesBarre. Those settling in the Wyoming Valley were Chris­ tians, Albert said. Albert said the first families arriving in the area were at a great disadvantage because they were moving into a cul­ ture alien to theirs. He added their "strong religious, belief sustained them.” Speaker said the Lebanese in this area had a dream — to build their own church in the area. He said a church was erected on the corner of McCarragher and High Streets in 1904. It was at this time, he said, that the local Lebanese population "felt truly Ameri­ can.” Albert said the Lebanese community flourished in the 1920s. He said many became involved in the producer-whole­ saleand retail.business, Speaker said that .after the second World War, much of the community began to feel more secure and today, he said, the te community has to a large de­ it- gree assimilated, but not .to the ;h point where traditions have been forgotten. Albert told those present of the contributions the Lebanese people made to the United States. He pointed out the, first pre§ideni_of-the_UniiedJNations was from Lebanon. He told the group there are somejwo_mil!; Jion.Americans of Lebanese ex­ traction. Touching on the present problems facing Lebanon to­ y day, Albert said that from _1§75 y to 1977, there was an active Communist_plot coupled with a Palestinian effort to topple the legitimate government in Lebanon. He added the_Conununists convinced the Moslems tfi_side with them, the alliance ending in bloodshed. He said, "The Palestinian problem became a Lebanese problem and I hope it doesn’t ? become a world problem "They have a passion for education and a fervor for the religious,” is what Albert G. Albert told a capacity crowd of L®b®nese descent Thursday night at the Wyoming Valley Historical and Geological Socie­ ty. Albert spoke to the group on "The Lebanese Community.” Thursday’s presentation was one of a series of four focusing on the contributions ethnic groups have made to Wyoming Valley. [y Albert _begaq his presenta­ tion by saying the Lebanese are descendants of the ancient Phoenicians. He told of a re­ cent archaeological study being done in the Yoxk_area that may determine that ancestors of the Lebanese may have crossed the ocean, entered the Chesapeake Bay and traveled up the Sus­ quehanna River in search of iron ore. z Albert said the first Le­ banese immigrant to be regis­ tered with the United States government came . to America in 1854 and settled in_Bpsfon. He added many other had come previously .as missionaries. Speaker said a great civil war occurred in the J86Ds in Lebanon which forced about .35 percent of the Christian popula­ tion tQjflee the country. In that war some 40,000 Lebanese were Area Polish History : WiH Be Discussed . i n d lx eer se [u- "Early Polish Settlement in Northeastern Pennsylvania" will be the topic of the third talk in the Wyoming Historical and Geological Society’s 1978 lecture series, "Wyoming Val­ ley Roots and Branches.” Miss Mary Glowacki and Mrs. Jule Znaniecki will present the illustrated lecture Thursday at 8 p.m. in the His­ torical Society Museum, 69 S. Franklin St. Miss Glowacki will present an introductory overview of Polish history and culture and the background to immigration to America. She has studied at many universities in the United States and abroad. A graduate < of University of Pennsylvania ; and Columbia University, she t was the first Kosciuszko Foun- < dation exchange student to study in Poland. Mrs. Znaniecki is a teacher in Greater Nanticoke Area School District and president of Wilkes College Polish Room Committee. She is active in a wide variety of civic, cultural and ethnic activities including Luzerne County Ethnic Festival and Kosciuszko Foundation. A student of local history, she has published booklets on the history of Nanticoke and several area institutions. 1 t h 1 $ b b D tc , Mrs. Znaniecki’s topic will be the Poles who settled Wyo­ Zi ming Valley. She-will be assist­ of ed by her daughter, Mrs. Jule ce Noroski. Ht Final lecture in the 1978 se­ se ries will be June 22 by Sy Hef- gu ter. Hefter’s topic will be "The an Jewish Community.” Lecture series is sponsored by the society as a community service and is open to the publ- 7 Airs. Lentz Marks Her 95th Birthday ivirs. x-enix yesterday ycbteiuay •_ Mrs. LAJun Leon Lentz celebrated her 95th birthday ® of her lior rpcidonrp Orrharri at residence, 77 Orchard Street, with her immediate b family in attendance. She was born at Kingston 5 but spent most of her life at 5. the Orchard Street address. 41 Her husband died in 1961 at Jd T1 the age of 92. The couple had eight chil­ U dren, Dr. E. T. Lentz, Ports­ kc mouth, Va.; Leon Lentz Jr., Ei Springfield, Pa.; Mrs. Irene St Guter, Parsippany, N.J.; Dr. s< S. E. Lentz, Lehighton; Mrs. Si W. H. Harmon, Southern Jc Pines N.C.; John Lentz, Point G Pleasant, N.J.; Mrs. Henry G. O’ Thomas, Lake Wallenpaupack and Norbert G. Lentz, at home. She also has 14 grandchil­ dren and 30 great-grandchil; dren. �The immigrants Between 1920 and 1974, some 46,700,000people left their countries ofbirth to come to America. The first bigwaye, in the 1840's and 185Q’s, was predominantly Irish. The next, in the 1880’s, was made up largely of Germans, English, Scandanayians, and Canadians. Ini907, the record yearfor immigration to the United States, the newcomers came �„ . Feb., Spring Fashion Show Set 5 S e L a t P F c c I b t’ ai b is ti j’ a iu M., The recent meeting of the Wilkes College Polish Room Committee was held at the Annette Evans Alumni House with Mrs. Jule Noroski presiding. On Thursday, the Wilkes College Polish Room Committee will present a fashion show featuring the latest styles for the spring season. This event is being sponsored by Boscov’s and will begin at 7 p.m. Door prizes will be awarded throughout the evening and refreshments will be served. Seated: Mrs. Louey Davis, chair­ man, fashion show. Committee members starting at left are: Mrs. Ceil Sawicki, tickets; Mrs. Jule Noroski, president; Mrs. Janet Kon, door prizes; Mrs. Christine Wydick, tickets. T Kir bat in I Av I use the �REPORT OF THE GENERAL COUNSEL POLISH UNION OF THE UNITED STATES OF NORTH AMERICA To The Delegates of the Thirty-First Convention: Ladies and Gentlemen: It has been my privilege to serve as your General Counsel since being elected by the Board at its annual meeting in May of 1985. During this period of time, I have negotiated and prepared the leases with the tenants of our home office building, handled the financing and refinancing of a number of mortgages granted by your Board and counseled the General Secretary, office staff and Board in the day to day matters which require legal attention. In addition, I directed a mortgage foreclosure action against a delinquent mortgagor who, I am happy to report, brought their mortgage payments up to date and are now in good standing. In addition to performing the tasks expected of me as General Counsel, I have become involved in several fraternal ac­ tivities which, not only being pleasurable, also have aided me in my understanding of our fraternal. I look eagerly to the future of the Polish Union as we near our 100th anniversary. I would like to thank my fellow officers and members of the Board of Directors and especially our General Secretary, Charlotte L. Androckitis, and her office staff for their kind co-operation and express my sincere appreciation for all the courtesies which have been afforded me during my tenure as General Counsel. It is my fond hope that all individuals connected with our fraternal - Officers, Directors, Group Secretaries and Members work together for the achievement of our goals and aims in order that we grow and prosper. Respectfully submitted, John D. Sieminski, Esq. General Counsel JDS/lw ���IPpBMLJppi ^■>MBMgai ��f djz L.>- /C ������������������i 1 I ■gjjjgl u4 I / i'' m' j \/ �7 PAUL BIELE\ PHOTOGRAPHER 226 HUGHES ST. SWOYERSVILLE, PA �&SF3J <■? A 44 ����Mrs. Vincent Znaniecki 500 East Main Street Nanticoke, PA 18634 �Mrs. Vincent Znaniecki 500 East Main Street Nanticoke, PA 18634 1 8 888 ������PHOTO \v ACE HOFFMAN STUDIOS VriLEES-BARRE. BA. ����t<F ��MRS. VINCENT ZNANIECKI 500 E. Main Street Nanticoke, PA 18634 ����EEON’S PHOTO STUDIO Vi548 VAN DYKE ' W'A. 1-1 <51 ’Iwt P^-^ �������(Semarcl PL^fJ^ 125 flics ^t. pa. 18704 (717) 288-/620 �Ape M/-<S. cr ___J & ■■ ■M ■i ■-'M :: �MRS. VINCENT ZNANIECKI 500 E. Main Street Nanticoke, PA 18634 Mrs. Vincent Znaniecki 500 E. Main Steet Nanticoke, PA 18634 �■ t If Wil Es Nfliiii �£'/,a ��i UN APR 5 1965 Bill Wilk ?s College Polish Room Committee C/O fTSj. Edward A. Nork 202 >o'lege Street Nanticoke car anouar ��'CTOBER 31, 1965 MRS. VINCENT ZNANIECKI MRS VINCENT ZNANIECKI 500 E. Main Street Nanticoke, PA 18634 Plans have been completed by Wilkes College Polish Room Committee for the Stephan Hero concert to be held tomorrow night at 8:30 in the new Wilkes College Center for Performing Arts. Known to audiences both here and abroad, Mr. Hero, a worldrenowned violinist, will be ac­ companied by Willard Sketberg. Mrs. Vincent Znaniecki, chair­ man. and Miss Mary Koons, cochairman, have been assisted by the following committees: Honorary chairman—Mrs. Jo­ seph Kocyan. Tickets—Mrs. Michael Weiss, chairman; Mrs. Clem Schwarts, Mrs. Joseh Skuzinski. Mrs. Ed­ ward Nork, Mrs. John Pocreva, Mrs. Anita Janerich, Mrs. Charles Leonard, Mrs. Clem Maslow, Mrs. Henry Horbaczewski, Mrs. E. Varhely, Mrs. Ed­ ward Kopicki, Mrs. John Pago­ da, Mrs. John Cresko. Mrs. Alex Kresge, Mrs. Frank Groblewski, Mrs. Chester Urbanski. Patrons—Mrs. Joseph Rushin, Mrs. Stanley Dombrowski. Mrs. Edward Kopicki and Miss Feli­ cia Perlick. Arrangements — Mrs. Joseph Drapiewski, Mrs. Joseph Piszczek and Mrs. Joseph O’Karma. Reception—Miss Ann Mushin­ ski and Mrs. Frank Peters. Program—Mrs. Stefan Heller- sperk. Publicity—Miss Nell Wojnar- . ’-w �OCTOBER 31, 1965 CO • MRS. VINCENT ZNANIECKI 2 w CZ> 2 n 22 w§ 12 M n Plans have been completed by Wilkes College Polish Room Committee for the Stephan Hero concert to be held tomorrow night at 8:30 in the new Wilkes College Center for Performing Arts. Known to audiences both here and abroad, Mr. Hero, a worldrenowned violinist, will be ac-. companied by Willard Sketberg. Mrs. Vincent Znaniecki, chair­ man. and Miss Mary Koons, cochairman, have been assisted by the following committees: Honorary chairman—Mrs. Jo­ seph Kocyan. Tickets—Mrs. Michael Weiss, chairman; Mrs. Clem Schwarts, Mrs. Joseh Skuzinski. Mrs. Ed­ ward Nork, Mrs. John Pocreva, Mrs. Anita Janerich, Mrs. Charles Leonard, Mrs. Clem Maslow, Mrs. Henry Horbaczewski, Mrs. E. Varhely, Mrs. Ed­ ward Kopicki, Mrs. John Pago­ da, Mrs. John Cresko. Mrs. Alex Kresge, Mrs. Frank Groblewski, Mrs. Chester Urbanski. Patrons—Mrs. Joseph Rush in, Mrs. Stanley Dombrowski. Mrs. Edward Kopicki and Miss Feli­ cia Perlick. Arrangements — Mrs. Joseph Drapiewski, Mrs. Joseph Piszczek and Mrs. Joseph O’Karma. Reception—Miss Ann Muslin­ ski and Mrs. Frank Peters. Program—Mrs. Stefan Heller- sperk. Publicity—Miss Nell Wojnaraki. _ . ' ���*11 �������Wotww '®MWiwr> sMl ssss s IkWi 1 ’lh w’ \ .z y- . — " I ���1 /* 1 \f n �Wk ����������_ TF— , -fl ������THE JEWISH COMMUNITY CENTER OF WYOMING VALLEY THROUGH THE FRED & MARGOT SCHWAGER ENDOWMENT PROUDLY PRESENTS ’’GOLDA” A One-Person Play Featuring Basia McCoy as Golda Meir Written by J.J. McCoy Directed by Margot Dee • » ■ ‘ v '-J \ v ’ x This production of "GOLDA” was made possible by a grant from the Schwager family in memory of their father, Fred, and in honor of their mother, Margot. �ABOUT THE ACTRESS: Basia McCoy has a long career in the professional theater. She was born in Plains, Pennsylvania, the sec­ ond daughter of the late Dr. & Mrs. Joseph J. Kocyan. She graduated from Wyoming Seminary and received a degree in acting from Carnegie Tech (now the Carnegie Mellon University.) .. A .f■.'' • Jb; Mrs. McCoy has appeared in plays on OffBroadway, Off Off Broadway, Regional Theatre, Summer Stock fftl-.f 'cluding a season at Nuangola), Winter Stock, three one-person plays, and personal appearances. • ■ - • i w Among the stage women she has portrayef^ Helen in THE ROAD TO MECCA; Anna in AND WEWERE ; i LET DARKLING (a play about Wallenberg andEi^lMfhh^'z 1 the Duchess of York in KING RICHARD HI; HdamAC^F OF CHANGE; Fonsia Dorsey in THE GIN GAAf^c(ypna in ANOTHER PART OF THE FOREST; NellieMn\ ON BORROWED TIME; Mrs. Wall in HOLY GHOSTS;Aiint^'Julia in HEDDA GABLER; Queen Mary in WALLY FOR QUEEN (a play about Wally SidWjpsM and Edward VIII); Mother Jones in the one-person play, M0IHERU-6NES-; and Blanche du Bois in A STREETCAR NAMED'D ESIRE. . Mrs. McCoy isa member of'Actor^E^ tion, the Screen Actors Guild and th^ AmexfepnFe^eptition of Television and[Radio Artists. y \ . JOI? "GOLDA" •i, .Thursday, September 14,199<5 • 7:06-8:30 pm. 1 • ‘ 7 ' Weiss AWitoiitini " ’ ’ ’’ ' r. h' As the. play begins, Golda is in her seventies. She is .enjoying retirement and lives next door tb her daughter and son-in-law in a Tel Aviv suburb. We see her in a public square with a neighbor's baby in a carriage. Golda loves playing Nanny. But she has a big decision to make. She has been asked to come out of retirement and become the Prime Minister of Israel. She is both flattered and bothered by the request. Does she want to get back into the complicated and tumultuous world of government and politics? Will the Israelis accept a woman Prime Minister? Is she too old .for what promises to be a difficult task in a fast changing world? .She goes back over her long career as a stateswoman. She tells abouthef eartjz days as a socialist...her marriage to Morris Myerson...life in a kibbutk.rthbifidggles to create the State-bf Israel...Arab opposition...the SixDa.y^ar>^hprUssociation withBenGurion and otherlsraeli pioneers...her dibits praise Slipport and money for the fledgling State of Israel... and other important moments. ' hi';aJ memo table performance professional actress Basia McCoy recalls the triumphs and disappointments of Golda Meir, the dedicated and indomitable Israeli'stateswoman, mother and plain citizen. *A'-‘ A i, 1.1 rec .. , ■■ (jolda Meirused with thepermission of PLEASE JOIN U^-p^A'^Gliy^e^d^INrHE ^£>AWb0WErZW^^B'fM^EDIAtEE^'Z j - : FOLLOWING TI IE PRODUCTION: ' �DON’T MISS AN EXCITING FAMILY EVENT. "HAVDALLAH UNDER THE STARS” Saturday Evening, October 14 at the Friedman Observatory at Penn State University Lehman Campus Cost: $1.00 per person $5.00 maximum per family Busses will be leaving UHI & the JCC at 7:30 PM the JEWISH COMMUNITY CENTER OF WYOMING VALLEY THROUGH THE FRED & MARGOT SCHWAGER ENDOWMENT PROUDLY PRESENTS "GOLDA" Call 824-4646 to make your reservations. ”A GREAT OPPORTUNITY TO LEARN ABOUT YOUR JEWISH HERITAGE AND OUR UNIVERSE” A One-Person Play Featuring Basia McCoy as Golda Mleir . - -. Written by J.J. McCoy Directed by Margot Dee This production of ’’GOLDA”, was made possible by a grant from the Schwager family in memory of their father, Fred, and in honor of their mother, Margot. �POLISH ROOM This Room is dedicated to the memory of settlers from Poland who since 1856 have made their homes in Wyoming Valley By their efforts they contributed to the development of its major industries mining and farming By their sense of fair play they encouraged the principle of collective bargaining Through their homes, schools, and churches they have proclaimed their faith and love of country This plaque is erected by their descendants so that their sons and daughters, together with the sons and daughters of those from other lands may take courage from their lives and deeds, and forever be reminded in these halls of Wilkes College that opportunity, wisdom, and justice are for all Americans Presented by Women’s Committee for the Polish Room at Wilkes College Room designed by Stefan Mrozewski Furniture Made and Carved by Stefan H. Hellersperk �k\ THE KOSCIUSZKO FOUNDATION NEWSLETTER Winter 1991-1992 Volume XLI1, No. 4 NEW TRUSTEES ELECTED TO KOSOUSZKO FOUNDATION BOARD OF TRUSTEES t its Annual Meeting, which took place on November 22nd and 23rd, 1991, in New York City, the Board of Trustees of the Kosciuszko Foundation elected six new trustees. These new trustees, one woman and five men, bring to the Foundation varied skills and extensive accomplishments which will certainly help the Foundation continue to meet Polonia’s educational and cultural needs as well as to rise to the challenges of new Poland as we approach the 21st century. The newly elected trustees are success­ fully involved on the Polonian national and international scenes and are joining the other exemplary supporters of the Kosciuszko Foundation who give through their active membership, financial support, and dedication to creating the means to future existence and success. We welcome these new trustees: John J. Chwalek, Christine J. McMullan, Henry C. Malon, Harold B. Segel, George J. Suski, and Ben T. Wegiel. Each will serve for a three year term. John J. Chwalek is Assistant Dean of Admissions, Instructor in Sociology, and Director of Career Services at Wilkes University in Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania. Very involved in the community, Mr. Chwalek is Community Relations Director at the University and Chairman of the Visitation Committee of the Chamber of Commerce. In his position as community leader, university administrator and educator, Mr. Chwalek has been able to successfully reach out to young members of Polonia and serve as a liaison between Wilkes University and the Polish Americans of Northern Pennsylvania. In this capacity, he has been able to encourage many young Polonians to pursue university education. Mr. Chwalek has served as Co-Chairman of the annual Kosciuszko Foundation Yuletide Scholarship Ball in Wilkes-Barre. He and his wife, Ottie, live in Sorty Fort, Pennsylvania. Christine J. McMullan stands on a solid foundation of serving Polonia for 35 years. A John J. Chwalek Christine J. McMullan Henry C. Malon Harold B. Segel George J. Suski Ben T. Wegiel �2 Mrs. McMullan was bom in Germany, of Polish descent She arrived in the United States in 1947 where she attended New York University and Purdue University. Currently, Mrs. McMullan is Secretary General and Chief Executive Officer of the Polish National Alliance of Brooklyn, U.SA, and was elected to that position in 1978. Mrs. McMullan is a past President of the Tri-State Fraternal Congress for New York, New Jersey and New England, is Vice Chairman of the Board of Managers of the YMCA, and Secretary/Treasurer of the Polish National Fund. Monies collected by the Polish National Fund are sent to Poland and used for cultural, educational and health purposes. An active member of the Kosciuszko Foundation, Mrs. McMullan resides with her husband, Alexander, in Lake Hopat­ cong, New Jersey. They have one daugh­ ter, Jennifer, who made her debut at the Foundation’s Annual Debutante Ball in 1989, and a son Timothy. Both children are presently in college. Mrs. McMullan served as Patroness of the Debutante Ball in 1990. Henry C. Malon was bom in Turners Falls, Massachusetts. He received a Bachelor of Arts degree in 1954 from Columbia University, a Bachelor of Laws degree in 1957 from Columbia Law School and was admitted to the bar in the State of New York in December, 1957. Upon graduation from law school, he was appointed as an attorney to the staff of the United States Securities and Exchange Commission where he was employed until 1960, when he resigned in order to enter private practice in New York City. Mr. Malon has represented the Polish Consul in New York in numerous estate proceedings involving Polish heirs and in litigation on behalf of Polish nationals. He acted as counsel to an American group in connection with the establishment of the first post-1939 foreign controlled commercial bank in Poland. Mr. Malon’s current professional activities include matters involving joint ventures and privatization in Poland. Mr. Malon is a member of various community and professional organizations and has been a member of the Kosciuszko Foundation since his college days. He and his wife, Patricia, have five children and live in Forest Hills, New York. Harold B. Segel has been Professor of Slavic Literatures at Columbia University for 22 years. He attended the Boston Latin School, Boston College, graduating with a B.S. in Modem Languages and received his Ph.D. in Slavic Languages and Literatures from Harvard University. Professor Segel has served as visiting professor at many universities and has also held numerous academic administra­ tive positions in university organizations, such as the Directorship of Columbia’s THE kosciuszko FOUNDATION NEWSLETTER Institute on East Central Europe at the School of International and Public Affairs. Elected to many professional organiza­ tions over the years, Professor Segel in 1988 was selected to be a member of the Selection Panel of the National Endow­ ment for the Humanities in Literature and Folklore. Professor Segel also served for many years on the editorial board of the Polish Review which is published by the Polish Institute of Arts and Sciences. Professor Segel is a prolific writer and author of many books and articles on Polish, Russian, and comparative litera­ tures. His most recently published book is Renaissance Culture in Poland, The Rise of Humanism, 7470-/545 (Cornell Univer­ sity Press, 1989). Professor Segel is a member of the Kosciuszko Foundation’s Academic Advi­ sory Committee in conjunction with the Exchange Program with Poland. He and his wife have one son and live in West Reading, Connecticut. George J. Suski is President of The George Suski Company in Tarzana, Cali­ fornia and, since 1950, has been a pioneer in innovative marketing, publicizing and promotion projects for movie, legal, medical and public service organizations. Mr. Suski’s accomplishments are many. He created Campus News Network which united many individual college radio stations into one network for advertising and news oathering. He developed, direct­ ed and produced Television Press Junkets for many major movie stars, such as Tom Selleck, Sylvester Stallone, and Jessica Tandy. Mr. Suski currently interviews celebrities for television programming in Europoean, Far Eastern and Latin Amer­ ican countries. Mr. Suski has been a member of the Kosciuszko Foundation since 1955. He was Chairman of the Foundation’s Younger Members group and served as Chairman of its Activities, Publicity and Membership Committees. He and his wife, Mania, are parents of three children. Mark Damian is a doctor and Gregory David is a lawyer. Their daughter, Alicia Mary, presently in medical school, made her debut at the Kosciuszko Foundation Debutante Ball in 1985. Mrs. Suski will serve as the Debu­ tante Patroness for the upcoming 1992 Kosciuszko Foundation Ball on April 25, 1992 at the Waldorf-Astoria. Ben T. Wegiel started his energetic and successful career in the tourism industry with the 1949 formation of the New England Relief Parcel Company. In 1956, he founded Wegiel Travel Service, his first bureau, in Springfield, Massachusetts. Two years later, he expanded his business by acquiring one of the oldest Polish travel bureaus in the USA, the 28-year-old Edward S. Witkowski Agency in New York. Mr. Wegiel continued to expand his business with the purchase of travel agencies in Miami, Florida, Buffalo, New York, and Longmeadow and South Hadley, Massachusetts. New Polish government regulations and commercial agreements between the U.SA and Poland, signed in March, 1990, have opened many opportunities for improvement in tourist accommodations and services in Poland. Mr. Wegiel and his U.SA partners are presently forming a joint venture holding company which will construct six to ten hotels and motels in selected locations in Poland. Mr. Wegiel and his wife, Aline, have two daughters and live in Sarasota, Florida. Mr. Wegiel served as Chairman of the Kosci­ uszko Foundation Debutante Ball in 1989. JOAN BROWNELL Development Associate DID YOU KNOW...? The Kosciuszko Foundation is a national organization. It’s headquar­ ters are located in New York City. But the Foundation also has official Chapters in such places as Chicago, Illinois, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania and Buffalo, New York (serving the West­ ern New York area). Chapters spon­ sor a variety of events, including lectures, concerts, conferences, art exhibits and music competitions. If you’d like to receive information about an existing Chapter, or if you’d like to learn how you can help promote the goals and the work of the Foundation in your community by forming a Chapter in your part of the United States, please contact the Office of the President. We’ll be pleased to assist you. ���Seats are available for you to enjoy The Wilkes University Polish Room's summer theatre program at the Pocono Playhouse. This summer's offerings are: roi-€Ver PiGrd -- Thursday, June 27 -a hilarious comedy about a young musical group and their entertaining antics. "The King and I** — Thursday, July 25 -a seasoned favorite that never ceases to stir the emotions with wonderful music, comedy and romantic pathos. Price: $46 per show includes bus trip, theatre tickets and a six-course dinner at the Bear Creek Inn. To Reserve your place, send your check for $46 made out to the Wilkes University Polish Room to: Jule Znaniecki, 2 Jikfin Street, Nanticoke, PA 18634 Phone: 735-0272 Note: Any profit from the Wilkes University Polish Room activities is used to benefit the Polish Room Scholarship Fund. �Tike Wilkes University Polisk Room Committee invites you to skare witk tkem a day in tke New York countryside ky returning to a time in kistory wken Franklin Delano Roosevelt was President as viewed tkrougk kis Personal Estate, Museum and Likrary at Hyde Park, NY. ❖ Step into the role of Commander-in- Chief ofAllied Forces during World War IIat the Museum’s World War II Exhibit. View a replica of ike famous “Map Room, “a reproduction of tke original wartime communications center at ike White House ❖ Browse through ike FDR Libraiy, ike first of ike presidential libraries in U.S. history, and view fascinating memorabilia from this era. ❖ Meander through the woods at the Hudson River s edge and follow the path FDR took from the library to Springwood, his family home built about 1800. Acquired in 1867, FDR donated Springwood to the American people m 1943. With a keen interest in trees that led him to plant enormous varieties of trees on tke property, FDR was boastful of the fact that he could contribute timber to tke war effort after 1941. Peruse tke cluttered living room where FDR spent many an hour at his comer desk working with his stamps, rigging a model ship or pursuing a good book. ❖ Lunch at ike world-renowned Culinary Institute of America (CIA), tke only residential college in the world devoted to culinary education. AND Slkare tea witk Dr. and Mirs. Brisctk at tkeir new Lome at Hyde Park as a special welcome gesture to tkeir friends from tke "Wilkes University Polisk Room. Date: August 2, 2002 Cost: Bus Departure: 8 AM, Nanticoke Park and 8:25AM, Rt. 309 Kmart Parking Lot Return: Approximately 8:00PM To Reserve your place, send your ckeck for $ 60 made out to tke "Wilkes University Polisk Room to: Jule Znaniecki, 2 Jikfin Street, Nanticoke, PA 1863d �Franklin & Eleanor ROOSEVELT INSTITUTE Joe Louis Barrow. Jr Warren BearnJune Bingham Birge AlhdaM Black Dan S. Boyd John Bradcmas Daniel B Brewster. Jr. Douglas Brinkley Charles F. Brower IV Roscoe C Brown. Jr George Chao-Chi Chu Forrester Church John C Culver Sandra W. Cuneo Margaret Truman Daniel Evan A. Davis William J Dean Noel deCordova, Jr. Jean Wallace Douglas Elinor Kenney Farquhar Toni Fay Justin N Feldman Edeen Finletter Donald L Fowler Frederick P Furth Felice Gacr John Kenneth Galbraith John J Gartland, Jr Robert F Gatje Dons Kearns Goodwin G Morris Gurley Dona Hamilton Louis Harris Kitty Carlisle Han Carla D Hayden Sylvia Ann Hewlett Scott R. Hinch Janet Howard Nancy Roosevelt Ireland Barbara Loomis Jackson Mary Draper JanneyPhilip W Johnston Henry L Kimclman George L Knox Peter Kovler Carol R Lubin Jay Mazur Kathleen A. McCarragher William J- McDonough Donald F McHenry Cynthia Ann McKinney' Lorraine Monchak Zachary P. Morfogcn Henry Morgcnthau IV Daniel Patrick Moynihan Dennis J MurrayRichard Ravitch Daniel H Rivkin David A. Roosevelt James Roosevelt. Jr. Laura D. Roosevelt Michael A. Rothenberg Paul S. Sarbanes Stephen C Schlesinger Jerome J Shcstack Florence P Shientag Robert M. Shrum Kathleen M Sloane Stephen Stamas Ted Van Dy k Katrina vanden Heuvcl Geoffrey C Ward Susan Ware Director! Christopher N Breiscth President & CEO David B. Woolner Executive Director 4079 Albany Post Road Hyde Park, New York 12538 Phone 845-229'5321 • Fax 845-229'9046* www.feri.org Trude W. Lish Chair Emema August 22, 2002 Arthur Schlesinger, Jr Chair Emeritus Anna Eleanor Roosevelt William J. vanden Heuvcl Jule Znaniecki 2 Jifkin Street Nanticoke, PA 18634 Dear Jule, It is a pleasure to welcome you as a member of the Franklin and Eleanor Roosevelt Institute. We are most grateful for your support of FERI’s programs. Your membership provides vital funding for our annual programming, including two college scholarships we award to outstanding local area high school students at the Martin Luther King Breakfast; the Four Freedoms Awards; the FDR International Disability Award at the United Nations; scholarly and student exchanges with Russia, the Netherlands and South Korea; and new temporary exhibits in the FDR Library. In the months to come, our newsletter, The View From Hyde Park, will keep you apprised of the details of these, and our many other programs. To thank you for your membership, enclosed is the Excerpts From The Best Known Addresses ofPresident Franklin D. Roosevelt audiocassette. Many thanks once again! hristopher N. Breiseth President and CEO Raymond A. Lamontagne Jack H. Watson. Jr Viof-CWi Schuyler G Chapin Robert L Bcir Frednca S. Goodman Mrs. Franklin D Roosevelt. Jr Vice Presidents Nicholas L Ludington Secretary Rivtngton R. Winant ��The E. WILKES UNIVERSITY S. Farley Library -1,2002 Mrs. Jule Znaniecki 500 E. Main Street Nanticoke, PA 18634 Dear Mrs. Znaniecki, I am writing to let you know that about a week ago a woman came into the library doing some research on her farmh er name is Johanna Novack Sinson from West Chester, PA. She was originally from the Kingston area and she wanted to see the Polish Room and thoroughly enjoyed browsing through the room. I am enclosing $5 for one of the poetry books, which she decided to purchase. Mrs. Sinson was very interested in the area and gave me some of the background she had managed to find about her family. She asked if there was anyone in the area that might have extensive background with the Polish community and also for someone who could interpret some things written in the Polish language. Naturally, I thought of you. I gave her your name, address and telephone number so she may be getting in touch with you if she has not already done so. I must say it was good to see you at the reception we had for Mr. Lindgren here in the library last month. He was very touched that the “Polish Room Ladies” thought so much of him to attend and also by the lovely gift you gave to him. He is such a very nice person; we will certainly miss him here at the library. Well, I do hope you are enjoying your summer and that your recent eye problems are being resolved. Do take care and thank you for being such a special part of the “Wilkes Family”. Sincerely, Constance Vecerkauskas Library Secretary Encl. The power of independent thinking.5'" P.O. Box 111 Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania 18766 (570) 408-4254 FAX: (570) 408-4975 �NEWSPAPER INSERT: On August 02, 2002 the Wilkes University Polish Room Committee sponsored a bus trip to the Culinary Institute of Service and the Franklin D. Roosevelt personal estate, museum and library at Hyde Park, New York. Paticipants on the trip also enjoyed a tour and historical account of the newly acquired James Roosevelt home in which Doctor and Mrs. Christopher Breiseth are currently residing. Doctor Br^eiseth, former Wilkes University president and currently the president of Franklin D. and Eleanor Roosevelt Institute and his wife, Jane, hosted a reception for the groupt at the end of the trip. Members and their guests with their hosts are pictured above. �Mrs. Johanna Novack Sinson 721 Brintons Wood Rd. West Chester, PA 19382-6905 (610) 793-1574 �VOICE, WJLKES-BARRE, PA., MONDAY JUNE 22,1981_ ,:l roup Entertains Center Patients Members of the Wilkes College Polish Room recently performed for patients and visitors of St. Stanislaus Medical Care and Rehabilitation Center, Nanticoke. The group, which also participated in a Mass for patients of the Veterans Hospital, visits St. Stanislaus Medical Care Center regularly to entertain the patients. Shown above from left are: Sister M. Leonia, administrator; Mrs. John Pagoda, director; Mrs. George Kovalich, Mrs. Joseph Wilski, Mrs. Vincent Znanecki, 7OICE, WILKES-BARRE, PA., FRIDAY, OCTOBER 16.19f Polish Room Committee To Take Partin Festival Wilkes College Polish Room Committee recently held its October dinner meeting at the American Legion in WilkesBarre. President, Dr. Halina Rushin, presided. Thank you notes from Wilkes College and Rope John Paul’s Pilgrim House were received. These notes thanked the Polish Room Committee for recent donations to, these organization. The committee will par­ ticipate in the Ethnic Festival to be held at Kingston Armory Oct. 22-25. Art and wood craft in the Tarta Mountains will be the club’s theme this year. A craft booth and food booth will be serviced by the club. A special thank you was given to Mrs. Maria Benedykcinski and ' Mrs. Stacia Feddock who were chairpersons for this year’s annual garden party. It was held at the Haryeys Lake home of Mrs. Stacia Feddock. Talbes were adorned with white vases and pink flowers and a delicious hot meal was served. The next meeting will be Nov. 11 at the Golden Palace. Mrs. Loretta Wilski and Mrs. Dott Breck are chairpersons. Mrs. Joseph Moiser, Mrs. Joseph Norosk Mrs. John Conser, Mrs. George Franl Mrs. Theodore Schwartz, Mrs. Joh Yurek, Mrs. Leonard Kaminski, Mrs, Ber jamin Michalak, Mrs. John Procrev; Loretta P. Chmura. "Th?' Women's Department of the Greater Wilkes-Barre Family YMCA announces the Fall schedule of its ‘.Women’s Right to Know” series, which is held on Thursdays at 12:45 p.m. These programs are open and presented as a service by the YMCA, A United Way Agency. The first program will be '‘Ethnic Folk Singing”, presented Thursday by Ann Balavage. On .October 15, Josephine Kotch, Luzerne County Extension Service, will present ‘‘Window Treatments for Energy Conserva­ tion”. The Pre-School Dance Classes of the YM­ CA will be featured in a dance recital on Oc­ tober 22. Of deep interest to all women, will be t'kn 4-z-ivU/* (r\r OQ “Thn NT axir IVfnraliixr” with guest speaker Sister Mary Glennon RSM, Dean of Continuing Education at College Misericordia. On November 5, Polish Day will be celebrated with a special lunch at 12 noon to be followed by a program given by Jule Znaniecki. Rita Profino from the Osterhout Library will be' on hand on November 12 to give an update on the “Oral History of Wyoming Valley”. December 3 will be a craft day with Lisa Welkey helping to make your own Pinata for Christmas use or for decoration. The series will close on December 10 with “Trends and Fashions in Textiles” presented by Joe Sgromo, curator of the Wyoming Historical and Geological Society. For further information, call the YMCA Women’s Department. �Polish Room (Committee Oct 20 T( 7 765" Leader . Will Present Famous Violinist '■ _ ..... ......... t MRS. MICHAEL WEISS I'1 ■ ■ ■' i'_____________________ M^S. CLEM SCHWARTZ MRS. FRANK GROBLEWSKI . Wilkes College Polish Room Committee will present Stefan Hero, internaiionally known violinist, in a concert Monday, November 1, at 8:30 p. m. at the. lew Wilkes College Center for Performing Arts. j Concert To Mark Opening Of Performing Arts Center1 and New York. He has appeared Mr. Hero’s concert will mark at the White Hopse and before the first public „„„..... b -of the ..... opening the King and Queen of England N c t for Performing and played for the Armed'Forces Renter for Performing Arts. The +bo theater - abroad. -V—J Ar,c The "tor is patterned both --------here and after the Lincoln Center in New SUNDAY INDEPENDENT/.WILKES-BARRE, PA., SUNDAY, OCTOBER 24, 1! York City. Mrs. Michael Weiss, ticket i ------- ------- ------* ZV&Zj” chairman, has announced that] tickets have been distributed to. all members. Area chairman, assisting her are Mrs. Clem Schwartz, Nanticoke; Mrs. Anita Janerick, Wilkes-Barre; Mrs. John Cresko and Mrs. Frank Groblewski, Kingston. , Mrs. Vincent ^Znaniecki is chairman of the concert comImittee assisted' ‘by "Miss . Mary | Koons, co-chairman. ■ Hero began playing the violin at the age of five and has played guest appearances with over 40 symphonic groups, including Philadelphia. Chicago, Cleveland Polish Room Committee to Present Violinist Members of the committee are: seated,—’ To mark Poland’s Millennium,‘the intro­ duction of Christianity in Poland, the Polish Mrs. Anita Janerich, Miss Mary Koons and Room Committee .will present, Stephan Hero, , Mrs. Clem Maslow; standing, Miss Irene Bi- , czysko, Mrs. Robert, Kopicki,' Mrs.' Charles f an internationally, known violinist, who will .. Leonard, and Mrs. Henry Harbaczewski. present a concert at thea new Wilkes College Chairman ui of the concertl is is mis, Mrs. Vincent * . j . ^iran-iuaw luc vvuvci vuiucnc Center for Performing Arts, Monday evening, Znaniecki, assisted by Miss Koons, cbNov. 1, 1965, at 8:30 p. m. ' ‘ . chairman. “ . . ’ �EVENING NEWS, WILKES-BARRE, PA. Violinist To Stephan Hero, internationally known violinist, will be presented in a concert by the Wilkes College Polish Room Committee on Monday night, November 1, at 8:30 at the new Wilkes College Center for Performing Arts. Committee members, .shown above, seated left to right, are: Mrs. John Cresko, Mrs. Chester Urbanski and Mrsl James Feddock. . —P*ul Bieley Photo Standing: Mrk Edward Kopicki . 1 and Miss Mary Novitsky. v Chairman of the concert, Mrs. Vin­ cent Znaniecki, is assisted by Miss Mary Koons, co-chairman. Mr. Hero’s violin, a 1763 Quadaginni, is an old master and'one of the best. This will be pis first appearance , in this area. _ I1 �■ -1— Report of Certified Public Accountant June 16, 1986 To The Delegates Assembled for the Thirty-First Convention of The Polish Union of the United States of North America Ladies & Gentlemen: We have examined the consolidated statement of ledger assets and funds of The Polish Union of the United States of North America Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania as of December 51, 1985 and related statements of analysis of funds for the four years then ended. Our examination was made in accord­ ance with generally accepted auditing standards, and accordingly included such tests of the accounting records and such other audit­ ing procedures as we considered necessary in the circumstances. In our opinion, the accompanying consolidated statement of assets and funds and related statement of consolidated funds on a cash basis as consistently followed by the Society present fairly the f 1 nannia1 conditions of the Society at December 51, 1985 and the consolidated results of operation for the four years then ended in conformity with generally accepted cash basis fraternal insurance accounting principles consistently maintained. Respectfully submitted, Robert S. Kopec Certified Public Accountant �ft h' Plans for the annual spring Mrs. Stephanie Zimolzak; fi­ party of the Wilkes College nancial secretary, Mrs. Polish Room Committee Mildred Weiss; treasurer, were made at the February Mrs. Lucylle Davis; publici­ dinner meeting. The affair ty, Mrs. Christine Wydick. will be held April 13 at the In her opening remarks, Wilkes College Commons, Mrs. Noroski summarized South Main Street, from 2 to the accomplishments of the 4. Proceeds are used for the committee over the past 36 four scholarships. years, which included the The new president, Mrs. awarding of four college Jule Noroski, presided at the scholarships annually to stu­ meeting and presented the dents of Polish descent; par­ new officers: first vice ticipation in the Holiday Fair president, Mrs. Janet Kon; at the Courthouse; the Folk second vice president, Mrs. Festival at the Kingston Ar­ ’Rdie?! Loughlin; secretary, mory for the past decade; sponsorship of the 35 A-----------Kosciuszko Foundation Balls and also sponsoring enrich­ IS ment programs for the a community as well as for the committee. Among the programs for the future are: weaving, by Mary Fraley Mattern, in March; Miss Heidi- Baut, with a film and lecture on stained glass art plus a tour of studios in April, and Mrs. Ann Kozicki’s talk on geneology in May. Tour books, on Polish cities, were presented to the committee by Miss Sophie Reszczynski and her sister, Mrs. Stella Pientkowski, in memory of their brother, Stanley. A priceless tome on the Kings of Poland was do­ nated by Mrs. Helen Pocreva and her brother, Bernard Appleton. Miss Mary Glowacki, well known educator, traveler and lecturer, spoke on jEwglish Culture with special em­ phasis on the work of the Kosciuszko Foundation in New York City from its in­ ception to the present day. This American Center for Polish Culture is celebrating its 60th anniversary this year. The next meeting will be held at the Nanticoke Ameri­ can Legion Auxiliary on March 11 at 6 p.m. with Mrs. Vickie Schwartz, Mrs. Helen Mosier and Mrs. Helen Pocreva in charge of ar­ rangements. Members are asked to bring any Polish weavings or kilims they may have to discuss with Mrs. Mattern. 27 — Citizens' Voice, Wilkes-Barre, Pa.___________ Monday. M Polish Room unit plans spring party �CONCERT SET — Pictured are members of the ticket committee of the Wilkes College Polish Room Committee which is working with the Philharmonic Society of North eastern Pennsylvania, Wilkes-Barre Council, on their spe­ cial concert of Jan. 26. Through their affiliation as officers in other Polish organizations, these members will work to insure the cooperation of their fellow members. Seated left to right: Mrs. John Pagoda, chairman; Mrs. Vincent Znaniecki, president, Wilkes-College Polish Room Committee arid member of the Kosciuszko Foundation Na­ tional Council; Mrs. Edward A. Nork, secretary, Polish Room Committee. (Photo by Ace Hoffman Studios} Standing: Mrs. Leonard N a j a k a, president, Pi Beta Gamma Club; Mrs. Emily Varhely, secretary, Group 2800 Polish National Alliance; Mrs. Alex Kreske, secretary, Pol­ ish Women’s Alliance, Council 4; Mrs. Clement Maslow, Reymont Club; Mrs. James Feddock, first vice president, General Pulaski Committee; Mrs. Joseph Piekarski, Board Member of the Wilkes-Barre Area Council of the Northeast­ ern Pennsylvania Philharmonic. Picture was taken in the Polish Room of the Eugene S. Farley Library, Wilkes Col­ lege. �STATE WITHOUT STAKES Religious Toleration in Reformation Poland by JANUSZ TAZBIR Translator: A. T. JORDAN Amid the social tumult and religious persecution which gripped Europe during the Reformation, Poland stood as one of the few practitioners of religious toleration. This detailed new study carefully examines the his­ torical and social roots of this unique phenomenon, from the unsuccessful attempts of the Polish kings to establish religious orthodoxy early in the 16th Century, through the formalization of religious toleration by law, and finally to the eventual dissipation of the Protestant movement in Poland in the late 17th Century. As a haven for religious dissidents, Poland attracted many persecuted sects, and their role is also examined. Hardcover; 210 pp., illus., $8.95 (+10% shipping and handling). Trade discount on orders over 20 copies. Forthcoming in the series: W. Czaplinski and T. Ladogorski, Polish Historical Atlas R. Grodecki, Piast Poland The Memoirs of Jan Pasek �Wiikes Polish Room Committee The annual garden party of the Wilkes College Polish Room Committee was held last Saturday at the Summer home of Mrs. Stanley Urbanski. Shown in the lower photo left to right: Mrs. John Urbanski, chairman; Mrs. Edmund Dreier, cochairman; Mrs. Chester Urbanski; and Mrs. Stanley Urbanski. Upper photo left to right: First row, Mrs. Joseph Yurkowski, art chairman; Mrs. Mi­ chael Weiss, treasurer, Wilkes College Room Committee; Mrs. Chester Urbanski, cohost­ ess; Mrs. John Urbanski, hostess; Mrs. Ed­ mund Dreier, cohostess; Mrs. Vincent Znaniecki, president; Mrs. Edward A. Nork, secretary and publicity chairman; and Mrs. John Cresko, former annual ball chairman. Second row: Mrs. Natalie Brookus, Mrs. Victoria Pietkiewicz, Mrs. Genevieve Kureollo, Mrs. John Urbanski’s mother, Mrs. John Dudrick, Mrs. Richarrd Stefanski, Mrs. An­ thony Grosek, Mrs. Emily Varkely, Miss Delphine Wysocki. Others' present: Mrs; Edward Mashinski, Mrs. Alex Kresge, MissvIje^e Biczysko, Mrs. Stefan Poleskie, Mrs. V. Prushinski, Mrs. Clement Schwartz, Mrs. John Pocreva, Mrs. Joseph Janowski, Mrs. Stanley Dudrick, Miss Lucia Smith, Mrs. Joseph Shuzinski, Mrs. Louis Glowacki, Mrs. Helen Mosier, Mrs. Henry Horbaczewski, Mrs. Irene Wroblew­ ski, Mrs. John Wojcik, Mrs. George Kocyan, Mrs. Frank Groblewski, Mrs. Clement Mas­ low, Mrs. Joseph Mieszkowski, Mrs. James Feddock, Mrs. Frank Lavelle, Dr. Lydia Kopernick. Also present: Mrs. Frank Peters, Miss Patricia Peters, Miss Jozia Mieszkowski, Mrs. Joseph Wnorowski, Mrs. Stefan Hellersperk, Mrs. Stanley Urbanski, Miss Casmir Tyburski, Mrs. John Pogoda, Mrs. Clement Sawicki, Mrs. Helen Loughlin, Mrs. Anita Janerich. Guests were served a gourmet buffet dinner and Mrs. John Urbanski was toasted on her birthday that day as was also her mother who was observing her 83rd birth­ day on the same date. All guests received red and white carnation corsages. �TUESDAY, APRIL 21, 1964.____________________________ ___________________________ Poland-bound Students Guests at Wilkes (Photo by Ace Hoffman Studios) Four American students on their way to Poland are guests of the Committee for the Polish Room at Wilkes College. They are International Farm Youth Exchange delegates, who will leave April 28 for six months in Poland. Delegates with members of the faculty of Wilkes College are seated, left to right: Richard Lowell Ross, Jr., 22, of Caro, Mich.; Marcus Bordsen, 22, Four delegates of the Interna­ tional Farm Youth Exchange program are visiting Wilkes Col­ lege. They will spend one week in Wilkes-Barre before leaving the United States for a six-month stay on farms in Poland. They are here as guests of the Committee for the Polish Room at Wilkes College. Their trip to Wilkes-Barre was ar­ ranged with the National 4-H Club Foundation by Everell V. Chadwick, Shavertown, of the Extension Farm Bureau. An orientation program by of­ ficials of the U. S. Department of State, Department of Agricul­ ture, and U. S. Information Agency, and a briefing by the Polish Embassy in Washington, D. C., preceded their arrival here. The four American students, all 4H Club members, leave for Poland from Montreal on April 28. They sail on a deluxe liner for Gdynia, the port built by Poland in answer to Nazi occu­ pation of Danzig in 1939. During the growing season, delegates will live and work with rural people in the host country. All have grown up on farms in Montana, Michigan, Minnesota and Pennsylvania. Young Polish farmers spend a similar period in the United States. Delegates are in Wilkes-Barre to receive instruction in Polish history, culture and the lan­ Glendine, Mont.; June Anne Cunningham, 22, Sleepy Eye, Minn.; Sandra Jane Virtue, 21, Meadville, and Mrs. Vincent Znaniecki, vice president of the commit­ tee. Standing: Everell V. Chadwick, Extension Farm Bureau; Dr. Stanko-Vujica, chairman of the Wilkes College Department of Philosophy and Religion, and Elwood Disque, chairman of the modern foreign lan­ guage department. guage. At Wilkes they met with Dr. Stanko Vujica, chairman of the department of philosophy and religion: Dr. Charles B. Reif, chairman of the biology depart­ ment; Elwood Disque, chairman of modern foreign language de.partment; and Richard Chapline, director of choral music. During the week students will meet with Mary Glowacki, teach­ er in the Kingston schools, to review pronunciation and con­ versational Polish. Other mem­ bers of the Committee for the Polish Room at Wilkes College have planned programs for them. Objectives of the exchange program are to provide young people with an opportunity “learn another way of life by living it.” Each delegate will spend two months living in six to 12 homes in a separate voivodship (province), then the group will meet in Cracow for informa­ tion, questions, and relaxation. At the end of their stay they will reassemble in Warsaw for a final evaluation conference. The International Farm Youth Exchange program in Poland is conducted, in a manner similar to that in the United States, by the Rural Youth Union, "ZMW.” The group is one of 15 such groups, totaling 40 delegates, from 22 states, to leave the United States this spring for to I(residence in 15 countries. �ILKES-BARRE, PA., THURSDAY, APRIL 6, 1978 j______ •______________________________________________________________________________ Wilkes Polish Room Committee Plans Card Party Committee members of the committee are shown at a Wilkes College Polish Room recent planning session. Seat­ have made final arrangements ed, from left: Mrs. Thomas for their annual spring card ; Breck, Mrs. Frank Brozena, party scheduled for Sunday, Mrs. Leonard Boris, Mrs. Ed­ April 16, at Wilkes College ward Mashinski, chairman; Mrs. Vincent Znaniecki and Dining Commons at 2 p.m. Cards will be played from 2 Mrs. Michael Weiss. Standing, from left: Mrs. to 4 p.m., followed by refresh­ ments. In addition to table and Leonard Stefanko, Mrs. Henry door prizes, special prizes will Wilpiszewski, Mrs. Stephen be awarded. A bake sale and Seman, Mrs. Angelo Grasso "What Not Booth” will be and Mrs. Joseph Wilski. Mrs. John G. Pagoda is serving as available. Tickets for the event may cochairman. Additional committees are: be obtained from club mem­ bers or may be purchased at door prizes, Nancy Cresko, the door. The public is invited chairman; Ann Stefanko, He­ and players are requested to len Grasso, Stasia Feddock; refreshments, Mildred Weiss, bring their own cards. Above, some members of Victoria Schwartz, Anita Con- ser, Stefanie Dudrick; money tree, Loretta Wilski, Veronica Urbanski; publicity, Helen Gazowski; arrangements, Helen Mosier, Casmira Tyburski, Victoria Schwartz and Victoria Nork. Proceeds of the card party will benefit the Mrs. Kocyan Scholarship Fund at Wilkes College. The next meeting of the Polish Room Committee will be held April 11 at 6:30 p.m. in Genetti Hotel. Members are asked to make reservations with Jule Znaniecki, Cele Saw­ icki, Bertha Pagoda or Veroni­ ca Urbanski. The membership is reminded that donations for the card party are to be brought to the meeting. �0) co Polish Room Committee lists fashion show The recent meeting of the Wilkes College Polish Room Committee was held in An­ nette Evans Alumni House with Mrs. Jule Noroski presiding. On Thursday, Feb. 26, the committee will present a fashion show featuring the latest styles for the upcoming spring season. The event is sponsored by Boscov’s and will be K held at the store at 7 p.m. Door prizes will a be awarded and refreshments will be P served. I Seated is Mrs. Louey Davis, chairperson. Committee members, show standing from left: Mrs. Ceil Sawicki, tickets; Mrs. Jule Noroski, president; Mrs. Janet Kon, door prizes, and Mrs. Christine Wydick, tickets. --------- “1 �dues, etc, may apply for reinstatement within three assessments, years from date of suspension unless the member has received the cash value of his certificate or the period of his extended in­ surance has expired. His application must be accompanied by evidence of good healthy approved by the chief medical examiner and a sum of money sufficient to cover all past due assessments and dues, plus interest at six per cent per annum from the date of his suspension. If he has received the cash value of his certifir cate or if the period of his extended insurance has expired, he must join as a new member. Final approval of his application for reinstatement, however, rests with the Board of Directors.) ARTICLE III. Delegates to the Convention (Privileges) 1. has the Every Group composed of not less than fifty (50) members right of electing and sending a delegate to the convention; provided however, that Groups electing delegates must have been admitted to the Union prior to January 1st in the year of the Convention; (at least six months in the Union) and must elect members as delegates who likewise have been members prior to the date of that Group’s election, (at least six (6) months in the given Group of the Union). 2. The number of delegates from a Group to the Convention depends upon the membership in such Groups that is: From 50 to 99 members, one delegate from 100 to 199 members, two delegates 12 �Wilkes Polish Room Committee Lists Card, Party Benefit card party will be held - n — •<................... —.............. ..... . J by Wilkes College Polish Room Committee April 27 from 2 to 4 at the Wileks College Dining J||| Commons. Guests are asked to furnish playing cards. Proceeds of the card party will go to the scholarship fund. A scholarship is awarded an­ nually at the conclusion of the academic year to the student who meets the necessary re­ quirements of the college schol­ arship board, of which Miss Casmir Tyburski is a member. Miss Tyburski is the Polish Com­ mittee’s scholarship chairman. The Polish Room Committee enjoyed a dinner at Jimeal’s in Plymouth following the reports of the card party. The business meeting followed with reports submitted by Mrs. Nork and the treasurer, Mrs. Michael Weiss. Miss Mary Glowacki assisted by Mrs. Noth explained the historical significance of the decor and furnishings of the Polish Room to eight girls and (Photo by Ace Hoffman) boys of the American Culture Mrs. Stanley Urbanski, chairman of the annual spring card party of Wilkes College Class of Wyoming Valley West; Polish Room Committee, is shown receiving reports from members of her committee. during the month of March. Mrs. Znaniecki reported oni Pictured with Mrs. Urbanski are: seated, from left: Mrs. Vincent Znaniecki, president of her attendance at Mrs Stefani Wilkes College Polish Room Committee; Mrs. Urbanski; Mrs. Edward A. Nork, publicity. Standing, from left: Mrs. Anthony Wallace, boutique chairman; Mrs. John Pocreva, Hellersperk’s bicentennial com­ mittee meeting at Weckesser ticket cochairman for the Nanticoke-Newport area; Mrs. Clement Sawicki, overall ticket Hall. She expressed the idea chairman; Mrs. John Urbanski, party cochairman in charge of prizes; Mrs. Clement that the Polish Room could be Schwartz, cochairman of special awards. used in some of the bicenten­ j On the 40th anniversary of the members of the committee to nial plans since the Poles jtosciuszko Foundation, the trus­ have donations of prizes and made valuable conttributions ses established additional schol- baked goods to the card party to the growth of America from frships in music, one of them early. early days. -----------------T--J •■ fceing the Marcella — Sembrich On April 29 and 30, ten Polish] Scholarship in Voice. This schol■wrestlers,' ages 15 to 18, will be irship was endowed by Miss attending the wrestling meet at tfiary R. Koons of Wilkes-Barre King’s College. Mrs. Stanley Urbanski requested that these memory of her sister, Ann Parrish. boys be housed by members ions : At the conclusion of the proof the committee. Mrs. Urbanski reminded The theme of the Kosciuszko •am, 1 Foundation for this year is “A ‘ Salute to Polish Women.” Hon­ orary chairman of the.founda­ tion’s annual ball held on April 5 was Lt. Governor Mary Anne Krupsak of New York. She is the first women and one of the first women of Polish back­ ground to achieve a prominent position in state politics. Mrs. Joseph Skuzinski read an interesting paper on Mar- . cella Sembrich who was con­ sidered the greatest coloraturaa soprano of her day. Born. Poland she was sent she Livow Conservatory^pian0> majored in vtolmnservatory that ”raanz *discovered her **“^3Sesame to.America asnecially tor the opening of the Metropolitan Opera House where she appeared in Lucia di LamermoorP She retired on the silver Anniversary o£ her triumphant career and remained m Ameiica. �s d r g e d a Polish Room committee planning events Pictured are members of the Wilkes Col­ h lege Polish Room committee who are li responsible for contacting members in a their area each month. h Seated, front row: Bertha Pagoda, lower West Side. Standing: Helen Pocreva, New­ e port Township; Jean Smocharski, Nan­ e ticoke; Helen Loughlin, Wilkes-Barre Area t I; Anita Conser, Hanover Township; Marie e Brozena, Upper West Side; Clementine 1 Mashinski, Wilkes-Barre Area II. ii These members also may be contacted r for tickets for the upcoming annual spring ir card party to be held at Wilkes College Commons, South Street, April 13, from 2 to 4 p.m. Proceeds from this event will be used for the four scholarships for deserving students of Polish descent. Mrs. Jule Znaniecki, chairman, and her committee invite the public to attend. Upcoming events include a visit to the Baut Studios in Swoyersville on Sunday, April 6, at 3 p.m. The April dinner meeting will be held at Jimeal’s, Plymouth, April 8, with Miss Heidi Baut presenting a filmed lecture. In May, Mrs. Anna Kozicki will speak on geneology. 1 Polish Room Committee Slates Card Party The Wilkes College Polish Room Committee is sponsor­ ing its annual spring card party, Sunday, April 13, at the Wilkes College Commons, 2 p.m. to 4 p.m. The proceeds from this yearly event are used to spon­ sor four student scholarships annually. The public is invited to attend. Shown from left to right are committee members: Mrs. a Helen Pack, baked goods; Mrs. Helen Gasowski, what not table; Mrs. Sophia Dudrick, tickets; Mrs. Ceil Sawicki, chances; Mrs. Genevieve Witkowski, tickets; Mrs. Helen Reese, special prizes; Mrs. Jule Znanicki, chairman; Mrs. Ber­ tha Pagoda, table prizes; Mrs. Vicki Schewartz, arrange­ ments; Mrs. Cele Kovalicki, baked goods; Mrs. Delephine Kaminski, refreshments; Mrs. Florence Frank, baked goods. Other committee members are Lucyle Davis, Alice Kiwielko, tickets; Carolyn Warren, chances. Ar­ rangements, Helen Loughlin, Mildred Weiss, Marcella Haydock, door prizes, Eleanor Czarnecki, Wanda Falcheck, Josephine Dzwilewski, Rita Sielecki; special prizes, Olivia Skuzinski, Helen Mosier; refreshments, Helen Ormanowski, Helen Wilpizenski and Helen Kukesh; what not table, Mary Leonard, Helen Loughlin, Susan Price, Marie Kocyan, Leona Klocko and Antoinette Poleski. Next dinner meeting of the Polish Room Committe will be held April 8 at Jimeals, Plymouth, 6 p.m. A lecture and film on stained glass will be presented by Miss Heidi Baut. It will be preceded by a tour of the Stained Glass Studio, Sunday, April 6, 3 p.m. �—3— POLISH UNION OP THE UNITED STATES OF NORTH AMERICA COMPARATIVE STATEMENT OF ASSETS AND FUND BALANCES DECEMBER 31, 1985 WITH DECEMBER 31, 1981 1981 1985 Increase (Decrease) LEDGER FUND BALANCES Fund Balance $ 6,772,586 $ 1,118,859 17,296 9,225 107,623 715 28,545 411 $ $ 163,813 $ s 7,891,445 NON-LEDGER LIABILITIES Death & Endowment Claims Unpaid $ Accrued Commissions Advance Payment on Prem. Unearned Invest. Income General Expenses Unpaid Taxes Unpaid TOTAL NON-LEDGER LIABILITIES $ 21,260 12,273 87,930 846 2,704 ________ 65_ (3,964) (3,048) 19,693 (131) 25,839 _______ 346 125,078 S____ 38,735 47,228 12,746 34,482 8,102,486 6,910,410 I. 1,192,076 DEFERRED CREDITS TO LEDGER FUNDS Excess of Non-Ledger Assets Over Non-Ledger Liabilities TOTAL LIABILITIES & FUNDS �-- A--- POLISH UNION OF THE UNITED STATES OF NORTH AMERICA CASH TRANSACTIONS' JANUARY 1, 1982 TO DECEMBER 51, 1985 ADDITIONS PROM MEMBERS Renewal Contributions First Year Premiums Discounted Advance Premiums $ 1,157,901 85,549 24,160 $ 1,245,610 TOTAL FROM INVESTMENTS Interest•on Mortgages-Regular $ 344,914 Interest on Mortgages-F.H.A. 53,130 1,566 Interest on Mortgages-V.A. Interest on Bonds 1,364,567 Interest on Certificates of Deposit, Savings, and Money Market Funds 881,504 Interest on Certificate Loans 12,015 (6,389) Profit (Loss) on Sale of Bonds Rental Income-Home Office 123.163 $ 2,774,470 TOTAL FROM OTHER ITEMS Advances Repaid-Student Loans Re-Insurance Recovery Miscellaneous $ 5,200 2,584 _____ 5 \ I88 10,772 TOTAL $ TOTAL ADDITIONS $ 4,030,852 �, 1 • Shown are Polish Room Committee officers, from secretary; Mrs. Lucyle Davis, treasurer; Mrs. left, Mrs. Helen Loughlin, second vice president; Mildred Weiss, financial secretary. Not shown is Mrs. Janet Kon, first vice president; Mrs. Jule Mrs. Christine Wydick, public relations. Norowski, president; Mrs. Stephanie Zimolzak, J Polish Room Committee donates books WILKES-BARRE — The Wilkes College Polish Room Committee recently donated eight books to the Wilkes li­ brary. They are: “Courier from Warsaw," by John Nowak in memory of Dr. Joseph Piekarski; “Madame Curie: Daughter of Poland,” by Rob' ert Wozniecki in memory of Mrs. Josephine Grosek, a char­ ter member; “The Captive Mind,” by Czeslaw Milosz in r memory of Mrs. Victoria 1 Pietkewicz, a charter member: Czeslaw Milosz is a Nobel Prize recipient. “Post War Polish Poetry,” by Czeslaw Milosz in memory of Sophie Gorka, a charter member; “Poland’s Place in Europe,” by Sarah Mieklejohn Terry in memory of Attorney Dan Ormanowski; “The Polish August,” by Neil Ascherson in memory of Leonard Kaminski; “The Polish Complex,” by Ta­ deusz Kowiski in memory of Edward Mashinski; and “The Canary,” (Martial Law) by Ma­ rek Nowakowski in memory of Josephine Patterson. The annual spring card par­ Meeting features glass artist Heide Baut Cebrick, artist of stained glass, was featured during a recent meeting of the Wilkes College Polish Room Committee. Mrs. Cebrick represents the fourth generation of a very talented family. She was graduated from the Tyler School of Arts, Temple Universi­ ty in Philadelphia, and furthered her formal education in Venice, Italy, where she and her brother, Gerhart, studied under the great Master Italo Ballerin, a master blower. Shown are, from left, Ceil Kovalich, Florence Frank, Jule Noroski, president, and Mrs. Ce­ brick.. Not shown are hostesses Helen Pack and Delphine Kaminski. The next meeting will be May 13 in the Wyoming Valley Country Club with Mrs. Ann Kozicki speaking on geneology. No time was given. ty will be held from 2 to 4 p.m. Sunday, April 13, in the Wilkes College Commons. The public is invited. Proceeds sponsor four student schol­ arships. Coming events for the spring include a tour of the Baut Studios on April 6, the lecture film by Heidi Baut on April 8, and a lecture on geneology by Mrs. Ann Kpzicki in May. The group will meet at 6 p.m. Tuesday, April 8, in Jimeal’s, Plymouth. n / WILKES POLISH /// |V 61 / ROOM COMMITTEE A I1 v The Wilkes College Polish Room Committee recently hosted Mrs. Ann Kozicki, a re­ searcher and volunteer on the reseach staff of the Wyoming Valley Historical Society, who spoke on geneology. Mrs. Jules Noroski, presi­ dent, reporterd that five books have been placed in the Wilkes library in memory of the fol­ lowing: For Louis Glowacki, “Solidarity” by Ajit Jain; for Anthony A. Niescior n, “The Other Holocaust” by Bohdan Wytycki; for Lucia Twardowski Smith, “The Museum of Crakow,” and for Andrew Mikuc, “The Blood Shed Unites Us" by Wladyslaw Bartoszewski. Call Mrs. Midred Weiss for reservations for the bus trip to Pocono Playhouse on June 25 to see South Pacific. �CITIZENS’ VOICE, WILKES-BARRE, PA., FRIDAY, DECEMBER2,1983 Yule Season Enriched by Traditions By RENITA FENNICK Weekend Editor Luzerne County is a potpourri of traditions and customs which adds special meaning to area people as they gather to celebrate holidays and special events. This area is even richer when there is a mingling of these traditions, like the three-day event that opens tonight at the Luzerne County The eighth annual Holiday Fair, sponsored by the Luzerne County Tourist Promotion Bureau, opens at 6:20 with a performance by the Wyoming Valley Brass Ensemble, followed by the traditional opening of the holiday season — the lighting of the Christmas tree in the lobby of the courthouse. The weekend will be highlighted by the music, dance, decorations and symbols of the season which represent the many ethnic groups that flourish in Wyoming Valley. Descendants of the European immigrants, who helped build Luzerne County, keep alive their forefathers’ ways of life — especially during the holidays. In addition to continuous entertainment, there will be displays of ethnic Christmas decorations and symbols as the ground floor of the Courthouse takes on the appearance of an in­ ternational Yuletide mall. There will be precious ornaments which were intricately designed by the Polish; glass ornaments handmade by the Germans and unique decorations of Slovakia. Other exhibits will show the traditional Christmas preparations of the Welsh and Ukrai­ nians while another features the hand-made wooden ornaments and treasured holiday linens of Ireland. Dimensional designs fashioned by Lithua- Amy Jo hloroski & live rabbits in previous German display nians, unique Italian decorations and displays will be staged on the first floor rotunda where the I depicting the Jewish holiday of Hanukkah will be stairway and landing is illuminated to add a I featured. special glow to the festivities. Some of the participating groups are: Slovak The Luzerne County Courthouse, one of the I Heritage Society; Seventh Day Adventist Choir; area’s most beautiful structures, is an ideal set- ] New Community Singers; East End Ceili ting for this gathering of ethnic groups. Its rotun- | Dancers and the Polka Pals. da area is finished in marble with cast bronze ac­ A special children’s program is set for Satur­ cents; the 100-foot high dome is plastered and decorated with portraits and emblems while the day afternoon. All performances (see schedule, this page) corridors and ceilings are adorned with mosaics and paintings relating to the history of the region. Holiday Fair hours are Friday, 6:30-9 p.m.; Saturday, 1-4 p.m. and Sunday, 1-5p.m. Schedule FRIDAY NIGHT 6:20-7:00 — Wyoming Valley Brass Ensemble 6:30 —Lighting of tree 7:00 — Christian Concert Choir 7:30 — Praise Ensemble 8:00 — East End Ceili Dancers 8:30 — Sam & Charlie Singer, Jewish folk music SATURDAY’S CHILDREN’S PROGRAM 1:30 — Barbara W. Anzalone Dancers 2:00 — Charlie Singer’s music for children 3:00 — Joan Harris Center performers 4:00 — Santa arrives; crafts by Osterhout Library Paper Stars by Tanya Kaufman SUNDAY AFTERNOON New Community Singers perform last year near lighted staircase 1:00 —Polka Pals 1:30 — Emerald Isle Step Dancers 2:00 — Spev Group of Slovak Heritage Society 2:30 —ILGWU Chorus 3:00 —New Community Singers 3:30 — German-Austrian Choir 4:00 — Polish Room Chorus 4:30 — Polka Jets, dancing & choir 5:00 - Polish Women's Alliance Dancers �TIMES-LEADER, THE ® Polish Room Committee To Sponsor Fashion Show MRS. VINCENT ZNANIECKI MRS. MICHAEL WEISS Members of Wilkes College Polish Room . committee •.••will sponsor a card party and inter­ national fashion show- at- Wilkes College Gymnasium on Wednes­ day, May 2, at 8 p. m. Mrs. -Jo­ seph Skuzinski is general chair­ man. Assisting with arrange­ ments are Mrs. Vincent Znaniecki and Mrs. Michael Weiss. Mrs. Znaniecki, working with the fashion committee, is as­ sembling a collection of na­ tionality costumes. The door committee will be directed by Mrs. Weiss and is composed of Mrs. George Kocyan and Miss Sophie Vnukowski. ; Mrs. Joseph Kocyan,.president, .will serve as chairman‘of the reception committee comprised of the. following members: Mesdames C.. C. Groblewski, Helen Wasilewski, Anthony Grosek, John Rutkowski, Adam Stepan, Julius Haebick, Alex Selesjki, Victoria Pietkiewicz, Louis Glowacki, Charles Telejszo, Caslmer Tyburski,. Edward Kielar, Joseph Lester, John,Wojcik, and Misses Lottie' Drapiewski, Mary Koons, Mary GIowackL and Helen Mack. As on previous Occasions, pro­ ceeds-will be given to the ColUge Scholarship fund. AT.... C'T-'-i--- ARRE, PA., SUNDAY. OCTOBER 27. 1963 Lecture on Poland At Rilkes College History i The’ Wilkes' College Polish Room Committee has invited Dr. Eugen e-Kusielwicz to give his il- y lustrated lecture on Poland at Stark Hall/ Wilkes. College, iSat-. urday’at:? p.M?. , Bom in'BrpokJyn, Dr. Kusielewicz was graduated Magna Cum. Laude from. St, John’s/ College' with an A;. B;-degree jn 1952. Ha obtained his. M. A;-:inJ954 and/' his Ph.D, .in history-from Ford-., ham- Univgroityfa.19.63. He currently associate professor -Oft. history John’s College. ' Dr. Kusielewicz is well quali-': field.• to speak on his subject. ' While at Fordham 'he . studied histories-, of. Poland and of East-; ernEurope under-Professor .Os­ car Holecki, a world renowned authority. He has yisited Poland and Eastern Europe-on several Occasions and has led groups of students and-scholars op tours. He is a prolific writer on his fa-' vprite topic, Poland. There will be xno admittance fee and the/public is invited. - Mrs. J. j: Kocyan has appoint-. MRS- VINCENT ZNANIECKI ed Mrs. Joseph Lester as chair­ fanski, Mrs. Mary Makowski, man and Mrs/Vincent Znaniecki, Mrs. Robert Kopicki, Mrs.^hadco-chairman, assisted by' the fol­ deus Nowinski, Mrs. Alex' Galowing committee:: Mrs. Edward zowskij ' ->• Mrs. re- Chester Urbanski, Kresgg, Mrs; Richard* Ste- czewski.. �Student Art/Essay Contest Winners*2 In celebration of the 50th anniversary of Wilkes Col­ lege, the Polish Room Com­ mittee sponsored an Art/Essay Contest for Luzerne County students, grades 6 through the college level. Prize money was donated by Drs. Lidia and Francis Kopernik. . WiIkes Polish Room Art Contest Winners Named The Wilkes College Polish Room committee an­ nounces three winners of the Wilkes College Polish Room Art/Essay Contest are students at Wyoming Valley West Middle School, Kingston. The winners are Tom Heffers, seventh grade; Peter Roskowski, eighth grade; Michael Stretanski, seventh grade. The Art/Essay Contest was sponsored this yeajr for the first time by the Wilkes College Polish Room hj conjunction with the Luzerne County Folk Festival; Each student who participated was aked to execute a work on the theme “Poles and Their Contribution to the American Way of Life.” The winning works of art were on exhibit at the Kingston Armory during the Luzerne County Folk Festival. From left to right are: Tom Heffers and Michael Stretanski. Il The theme of the entries was “Poles and Polish Americans who have made contributions to the American wav of life.’’ En- tries were to illustrate the contribution of a special event or outstanding person of Polish ancestry, whose ideals and achievements have enriched the culture and development of the U.S. A short descriptive essay accompanied each entry and any medium was ac­ cepted for the drawings or paintings. A wide variety of subjects were covered, ranging from Copernicus in 1473 to Pope John Paul II. Entries were judged by W.H. Sterling chairman, Department of Art at Wilkes, and his staff. Winners’ entries were displayed recently at the Luzerne County Folk Festival at Kingston Ar­ mory. Pictured are ten winners from the 6th, 7th, and 8th grades of Pope John Paul II School’ Nanticoke. Left to right, kneeling: Robert Hrobak, Michael Rakaczewski, Michael Ozmina, Christopher Vida, Mark O’Connor, Stanley Wadas. Standing: Mrs. Vin­ cent Znaniecki, contest chairman, Marla Kush, Suzana Turcic, the Rev. Walter Poplawski, pastor, Patricia Wolfe, Caryn Grevera, Sister Myra, prin­ cipal. �TIMES-LEADER, EVENING NEWS, RECORD, WILKES-BARRE, P^A., WEDNESDAY, MAY 26, 1976 Polish Poom Committee Announces Contest Winners The Wycinanki Contest sponsored by Wilkes College Polish Room Committee had exhibit displays at the Fine Arts Fiesta. Students from all school districts were invited to enter the contest featuring the centuries-old Polish art form. Instruction workbooks had been distributed to art teach­ ers of the intermediate and junior high classes prior to the contest. ' '. Exhibited were the winners of the country-wide ’’paper cut-out” contest. Of 750 partic­ ipants from the Greater Nanti- . coke Area alone, there were 290 entries from the 5th and 6th grades. A committee consisting of the following selected 65 semi-' finalists: Dr. Lydia Kopernik, Mrs. Marie Mieszkowski, Mrs. John Pagoda, Mrs. Joseph Piekarski, Mrs. Vicki Schwartz and Mrs. Helen Mosier. Final judging by Henry R. Casilli, -chairman of th^ de­ partment of art at Wilke? Col­ lege, and Richard A. Fuller, assistant professor of the art department at Wilkes, result­ ed in 31 winpers. Monetary gifts were presented by |Mrs. Vincent Znaniecki, president of the Polish Room Commit­ tee. Contest winners present at the award ceremony are pic­ tured above. First row, from left: Walter Burke, Richard Evans, Tony DiMito, Michael Cwalina, James Morgan, Beth DePolo, Audrey Czachor and Monica Nardone. 1 Second /ow, from ’aft: Maryann Cusick, Paula Bergstrasser, Mary Jo Dargiejyicz, Pat Sherlock, Alicia Casilli, Lynn Humanik, Sudha Dhandopani, Doreen Mazzanti, Gail Sharkness, Sharon Orl'eski, Becky Jones, Linda Kuzma, Karen Zajaczkowski, Ricrard A. Fuller and Henry R. CasJli, contest judges. Absent from the photo were Mark Miskiewicz, Mindy An­ des, Ronald Shotwell and Dawn Eveland. Also featured at the exhibit* were entries to the national Wycinanki Contest by Kathy Poplasky of Coughlin . High '’-*•'*4. She demonstrated the art of paper7 cutting at the Pol­ ish Room booth. At an adjoining table, Mrs. . Sophie Yurkowski, outstanding Pisanki artist, displayed and demonstrated egg designs. One dozen Pisanki were made , under the direction of Mrs. Yurkowski by the Kosciuszko Foundation Junior Committee who also assisted at the two booths. �Mt,y°r’sSon p.j Nanticoke Artist Paul Gorka Gains Stature In New York's Art, World His works are found in three museums and many private art' ( z y A 35-y ear-old Nanticoke collections. ' He has been represented in a native has gained national gpodly number of national shows, fame as an artist, despite including the Corcoran Gallery the fact that he is only a in its 29th Biennial, to which few years out of art school and some 4,000 artists submitted has been exhibiting- his works work and only 16 were accepted. for little more than five years. A “Personality” , Paul Gorka, son of Mayor and Gorka is “an artistic personal­ Mrs. Edward E. Gorka, is the ity in the making,” according to subject of a six page feature in American Artist. the current issue of “American “Gorka has a- masterly ability Artist,” published monthly in to project weight and enduring New York with the country’s stability,” the writer stressed. largest audited art magazine cir­ “His buildings seem to be built culation. The article, “Paul for the ages—they yield only Gorka, Painter,” was written by slowly to the nibbling of. time. Henry C. Pitz, one of the editors, None of them is gracious—no who notes that the young artist palaces or pleasure domes; they has “covered an unusual amount are-fortresses against disintegra­ of ground in five years with a tion. A few are of Vic rian per­ remarkable output.” suasions, but most are invented Nearly a dozen of Gorka’s constructions without period or works are illustrated. Included place, except within the world of are paintings purchased hv art GnrVa’c By TOM DUGAN Independent Staff Writer �©ms of Foreign Lands id in Tree Decorations Ug Valley is so rich in I traditions for many (id foremost because it ting pot for thousands isenting scores of dif> and traditions. As established his place i Pennsylvania, he itoms that had been observed by his forebearers in the Old World. Consequently through the years, their descendants have en­ joyed the glories of the past as well as the addition of customs of thennew homelands. A portion of the wealth of cultures is being displayed this weekend at Luzerne County Court House where trees from 16 groups and organiza­ tions are setting the marble lobby aglow. Known as the Luzerne County Holiday fair, it is sponsored by the Cultural Heritage Council of Nor­ theastern Pennsylvania and the Luzerne County Court House. Nellie Bayoras Romanas is chairman and Marian Devlin, cochairman. the groups represented are: uo ‘s Among Area Seventh Day Adventist Chur­ /Cl 3A3 3>| ches; Clarke’s Irish Import; (Continued on Page 5, Section 2) ^DECORATIONS - Wilkes College Polish Room committee decorated a tree witlTall handmade ornaments. Shown are Jule Znaniecki and Stephanie Zimolzak. In the lower photo is Nell Bayloras Romanas with the authentic Lithuanian Woman’s Club native decorations. oq. pa|ibi /QisuaAiu sy ‘P3S Suu* W �The Wilkes College Polish Room Committee decorated a 15 ft. Christmas Tree at the 10th Annual. Holiday Fair in the Rotunda of the Luzerne County Court House, Wilkes Barre, Pennsylvania on December 6-8, 1985. Their tree was filled with traditional Polish ornaments made by members of the committee. Shown in the phbto are Amy Jo & Jule Noroski. �Art Essay Contest Is Scheduled The art and essay contest sponsored by the Wilkes Col­ lege Polish Room Committee is now in full swing. The con­ test is in honor of Wilkes Col­ lege on its 50th anniversary. The contest is for Luerne County students from grades sixth through college. Prizes donated by Drs. Lidia and Francis Kopernik are as follows: Sixth, seventh and eighth grades, 20 winners, five dollars each; ninth, 10th, 11th and 12th grades, 10 winners, ten dollars each; college students, 2 winners, fifty dollars each. The requirement for the contest is a drawing or ainting illustrating the contribution of a special event or outstanding person of Polish ancestry, plus a short paragraph on the sub­ ject and accompaning the art work. For further information, contact the art teacher in the school or deliver the work to the Wilkes College library bet­ ween Oct. 8 and 11. Judges will be from Wilkes College Art Department. Winning, entries will be displayed at the Luzerne County Folk Festival Oct. 21 to 24. Seated on floor from left: Mrs. Lee Peters, Polish Room artist; Emily Barrett, Wyom­ ing School District, and Ms. Rosemary Luksha, Wyoming Valley West School District. Seated on chairs: Mrs. Helen Loughlin, Mrs. Jule Znaniecki, chairman; Mrs. Malania Hellersperk and Mrs. Mildred Weiss. �Art Essay Contest Is Scheduled The art and essay contest sponsored by the Wilkes Col­ lege Polish Room Committee is now in full swing. The con­ test is in honor of Wilkes Col­ lege on its 50th anniversary. The contest is for Luerne County students from grades sixth through college. Prizes donated by Drs. Lidia and Francis Kopernik are as follows: Sixth, seventh and eighth grades, 20 winners, five dollars each; ninth, 10th, l|th and 12th grades, 10 winne/s, ten dollars each; college students, 2 winners, fifty dollars each. The requirement for the contest is a drawing or ainting illustrating the contribution’bf a special event or. outstanding person of Polish ancestry, plus a short paragraph on the sub­ ject and accompaning the art work. For further information, contact the art teacher in the school or deliver the work to the Wilkes College library bet­ ween Oct. 8 and 11. Judges will be from Wilkes College Art Department. Winning entries will be displayed at the Luzerne County Folk Festival Oct. 21 to 24. Seated on floor from left: Mrs. Lee Peters, Polish Room artist; Emily Barrett, Wyom­ ing School District, and Ms. Rosemary Luksha, Wyoming Valley West School District. Seated on chairs: Mrs. Helen Loughlin, Mrs. Jule Znaniecki, chairman; Mrs. Malania Hellersperk and Mrs. Mildred Weiss. �Christmas Party Planned The annual Christmas Party of the Wilkes College Polish Room Commit­ tee will be held at Genetti’s WilkesBarre, Tuesday, 6:30 p.m. Arrangements include personally contributed hors d’oeuvres followed by a sumptuous buffet as well as entertainment and a gift exchange. Co-chairmen making arrangements for the party are Josie Ruddick Tomaschick and ApoIonia Pepperling, who are also co-chairmen of the Kosciuszko Ball, which is planned for Sunday, December 27, at Genetti’s. Seated left to right: Dr. .Halina Rusin, Julia Zwanecki. f Standing: Theresa Vacendak, Alice ’ Biernacki and Rita Silicki. recently held its Student Scholarship Luncheon, which provides an opportunity for over 50 donors and nearly 100 recipients of scholarships to meet. Seen her* is one group of donors and recipients. From left, Richard . Helen Loughlin, donor, Polish room; Karen Natishan, Kingston, Polish Room; and Jule Znaniecki, donor, Polish Room. �Wilkes Committee Sets Card Party. The annual card party sponsored by Wilkes ColD II/ U D lege Polish Room Commit­ tee will be held at Wilkes College cafeteria, Sunday, May 2,1:30 p.m. A plant table, what-not table and baked goods table will be featured. Door za a zazaaaa /prizes and a basket of cheer will be ________ chanced off. • ikl ▼ i . Chairman is Mrs. ▼Helen Loughlin and co-chairman, Mrs. Bertha Pagoda. Tickets may be pur­ chased; at the aoor or from any member of the Polish Room Committee. Proceeds will go toward the- Wilkes* College ScholarJ ship Fund.. . .___ Seated, left to right: Mrs. Helen Gasowski, Mrs. Helen Loughlin, Mrs. Gertha Pagoda, Mrs. Cele Sawicki, Mrs. Mildred Weiss. Standing: Mrs. Marie Brozena, Mrs. Gen­ evieve Witkowski. Rprtha Paeoda continues Polish musical traditions as director of the WHkes PolS Room Chorus. Seated with Mrs. Pagoda at the p.ano >s Amy Jo Noroski while her grandmother, Jule Znamecki looks on. . . . �Student Art/Essay Contest Winners^ In celebration of the 50th anniversary of Wilkes Col­ lege, the Polish Room Committee sponsored an Art/Essay Contest for Luzerne County students, grades 6 through the college level. Prize money was donated by Drs. Lidia and Francis Kopernik. The theme of the entries was “Poles and Polish Americans who have made contributions to the American wav of life.’’ En- Wilkes Polish Room Art W Contest Winners Named The Wilkes College Polish Room committee an­ nounces three winners of the Wilkes College Polish Room Art/Essay Contest are students at Wyoming Valley West Middle School, Kingston. The winners are Tom Keffers, seventh grade; Peter Roskowski, eighth grade; Michael Stretanski, seventh grade. The Art/Essay Contest was sponsored this year for the first time by the Wilkes College Polish Room in conjunction with the Luzerne County Folk Festival. Each student who participated was aked to execute a work on the theme “Poles and Their Contribution to the American Way of Life.” The winning works of art were on exhibit at the Kingston Armory during the Luzerne County Folk Festival. From left to right are: Tom Keffers and Michael Stretanski. tries were to illustrate the contribution of a special event or outstanding person of Polish ancestry, whose ideals and achievements have enriched the culture and development of the U.S. A short descriptive essay accompanied each entry and any medium was ac­ cepted for the drawings or paintings. A wide variety of subjects were covered, ranging from Copernicus in 1473 to Pope John Paul II. Entries were judged by W.H. Sterling chairman, Department of Art at Wilkes, and his staff. Winners’ entries were displayed recently at the Luzerne County Folk Festival at Kingston Ar­ mory. Pictured are ten winners from the 6th, 7th, and 8th grades of Pope John Paul II School’ Nanticoke. Left to right, kneeling: Robert Hrobak, Michael Rakaczewski, Michael Ozmina, Christopher Vida, Mark O’Connor, Stanley Wadas. Standing: Mrs. Vin­ cent Znaniecki, contest chairman, Marla Kush, Suzana Turcic, the Rev. Walter Poplawski, pastor, Patricia Wolfe, Caryn Grevera, Sister Myra, prin­ cipal. �Wilkes Committee Sets Card Carty The annual card party sponsored by Wilkes Col­ lege Polish Room Commit­ tee will be held at Wilkes College cafeteria, Sunday, May 2,1:30 p.m. prizes and a basket of cheer will be chanced off. Chairman is Mrs. Helen Loughlin and co-chairman, Mrs. Bertha Pagoda. Tickets may be pur­ chased at the door or from A plant table, what-not any member of the Polish table and baked goods table Room Committee. will be featured. Door Proceeds will go toward the- Wilkes College Scholar­ ship Fund. Seated, left to right: Mrs. Helen Gasowski, Mrs. Helen Loughlin, Mrs. Gertha Pagoda, Mrs. Cele Sawicki, Mrs. Mildred Weiss. Standing: Mrs. Marie Brozena, Mrs. Gen­ evieve Witkowski. 4 Rprtha Pagoda continues Polish musical traditions as director of the Wdkes Pofeh Room Chorus. Seated with Mrs. Pagoda at the ptano is Amy Jo Noroski while her grandmother, Jule Znaniecki looks on. �Group Entertains Center Patients Members of the Wilkes College Polish Room recently performed for patients and visitors of St. Stanislaus Medical Care and Rehabilitation Center, Nanticoke. The group, which also participated in a Mass for patients of the Veterans Hospital, visits St. Stanislaus Medical Care Center Mrs. Joseph Moiser, Mrs. Joseph Norosk Mrs. John Conser, Mrs. George Franl regularly to entertain the patients. Shown above from left are: Sister M. 'Mrs. Theodore Schwartz, Mrs. Jbh Leonia, administrator; Mrs. John Pagoda, Yurek, Mrs. Leonard Kaminski, Mrs. Ber director; Mrs. George Kovalich, Mrs. jamin Michalak, Mrs. John Procrevs Joseph Wilski, Mrs. Vincent Znanecki, Loretta P. Chmura. vOICE, WILKES-BARRE, PA., FRIDAY, OCTOBER 16,1981 Polish Room Committee To Take Part in Festival j Wilkes College Polish Room Committee recently held its October dinner meeting at the American Legion in WilkesBarre. President, Dr. Halina Rushin, presided. Thank you notes from Wilkes College and Pope John Paul’s Pilgrim House were received. These notes thanked the Polish Room Committee for recent donations to these organization. be serviced by the club. A special thank you was given to Mrs. Maria Benedykcinski and Mrs. Stacia Feddock who were chairpersons for this year’s annual garden party. It was held at the Harveys Lake home of Mrs. Stacia Feddock. Talbes were adorned with white vases and pink flowers and a delicious hot meal was served. The next meeting will be The committee will par­ Nov. 11 at the Golden Palace. ticipate in the Ethnic Festival Mrs. Loretta Wilski and Mrs. to be held at Kingston Armory Dott Breck are chairpersons. Oct. 22-25. Art and wood craft in the Tarta Mountains will be the club’s theme this year. A craft booth and food booth will The Women’s Department of the Greater Wilkes-Barre Family YMCA announces the Fall schedule of its ‘.Women’s Right to Know” series, which is held on Thursdays at 12:45 p.m. These programs are open and presented as a service by the YMCA, A United Way Agency. The first program will be “Ethnic Folk Singing”, presented Thursday by Ann Balavage. On October 15, Josephine Kotch, Luzerne County Extension Service, will present ‘‘Window Treatments for Energy Conserva­ tion”. The Pre-School Dance Classes of the YM­ CA will be featured in a dance recital on Oc­ tober 22. Of deep interest to all women, will be the topic for October 29, “The New Morality”, with guest sneaker Sister Mary Glennon RSM, Dean of Continuing Education at College Misericordia. On November 5, Polish Day will be celebrated with a special lunch at 12 noon to be followed by a program given by Jule Znaniecki. Rita Profirio from the Osterhout Library will be' on hand on November 12 to give an update on the “Oral History of Wyoming Valley’ ’. December 3 will be a craft day with Lisa Welkey helping to make your own Pinata for Christmas use or for decoration. The series will close on December 10 with “Trends and Fashions in Textiles” presented by Joe Sgromo, curator of the Wyoming Historical and Geological Society. For further information, call the YMCA. Women’s Department. �TIMES-LEADER, SUNDAY, FEBRUARY 24, 1974 Reports Given, Events Planned By Wilkes Polish Room Unit „7.^.e^ruary meeting of the’ford, Mass., a noted educator, “Pisanki,” a book on one of n likes College Polish Room author, poet and traveler. She the Polish crafts, egg-printing Committee was held in the!has offered to send a part of Polish Room Eugene Farleyjher large collection of papercuts, and decorating, written and pub­ Library of Wilkes College with commemorative prints, wood- lished by Mrs. Gacek, was sent Mrs Vincent Znaniecki presid- craft and other items which have by her to the Osterhout Library, vrS' Reports were submitted by won prizes and renown for her which subsequently requested inffS'COn£Lard vr Curdi' on a national> international and five additional copies for its etary’ and MrS‘ Mlchaelilocal level. Collection will be branches. Weiss, treasurer. (part of the ethnic display at the Mrs. Sophie (Yorke) YurkowMrs. Joseph Wfrorowski, Kos-'Fine Arts Fiesta on Saturday, ski, Old Mountain Road, Alden, also won national acclaim and ciuszko Ball chairman, made!May 18, in Wilkes-Barre. prizes for the art of egg-decorat­ final additions to her report and''—~ ing. She will have a display and stated a check for $800 had' been forwarded to the scholar-1 I demonstration at the March meeting of t h e Polish Room. ship fund of the National KosThis will be a dinner meeting at ciuszko Foundation, New York City. 1 6:30 p.m. Thursday, March 12 at Hotel Sterling. Members may A report was given by Mrs. tJohn Pagoda on the commit; bring guests. Reservations are' tees participation in the Phil2 requested by March 10. harmonic’s January concert when the director, Thomas: Michalak, was honored. The Polish Room Committee hosted Mr. Michalak and guests at a TIMES-LEADER, SUNDAY, FEBRUARY 24, 1974 reception in the lower level of Irem Temple auditorium. A journalistic contribution from the “Perspectives.” a Polish-American educational and cultural quarterly published ' The president announced ad­ in Washington, D. C., was written by noted author and lecturer, ditional memorial volumes were Mrs. Marion Moore Coleman, who with her husband, Dr. Ar­ donated to the Farley Library thur Coleman, visited Wyoming Valley many times since the and that the Polish Room Com­ 1930s. Mrs. Coleman’s article, “In the Wyoming’ Valley,” re­ mittee made its annual dona­ viewed the history of this area from the edrly 1800s to date. tion of a $500 scholarship to be She mentioned their contacts with local educators and profes­ awarded at the end of the aca­ sional people, and the beginning of Wilkes College, where Dr. demic year. Coleman taught the Polish language. It was beautifully written Mrs. Joseph Drapiewski, a by an author who so loved the various facets of the growth member of the executive board of the valley and the people who worked so hard to make it of the Polish Room, will appear their home. in a major role in the Little The editor of “Perspectives,” Marta Korwin-Rhodes, has Theatre’s production of “But­ conducted an extensive correspondence with the Polish Room terflies Are Free.” The com­ Committee, extending help with its book collection which was mittee plans to reserve a block lost in the 1972 flood. * # ij: 3? ❖ of tickets for the performance on Sunday, March 31, at 7:30 p. m. Members may make res-, ervations with Mrs. Znaniecki. ( Annual spring card party will be held at the dining commons of Wilkes College on Sunday, May 5, at 2 p. m. Mrs. Joseph Wnorowski read: a journalistic contribution from' the “Perspectives,” a Polish-' American educational and cul­ tural quarterly published . in Washington, D. C. The article was written by noted author and lecturer, Mrs. Marion Moore Coleman, who with her husband, Dr. Arthur Coleman, noted edu­ cator, have visited Wyoming Valley many times since' the 1930s. Miss Mary Glowacki, board member of the Polish Room, gave an interesting talk on her many visits to Poland, remark­ ing that in her last summer’s visit she found parts of Poland she had not seen previously. i Mrs. Znaniecki read some in­ teresting correspondence from ■ a newly-acquired friend of the Polish Room Committee, Mrs.i Ann Marie Gacek of New Bed-| �STATE WITHOUT STAKES Religious Toleration in Reformation Poland by JANUSZ TAZBIR Translator: A. T. JORDAN Amid the social tumult and religious persecution which gripped Europe during the Reformation, Poland stood as one of the few practitioners of religious toleration. This detailed new study carefully examines the his­ torical and social roots of this unique phenomenon, from the unsuccessful attempts of the Polish kings to establish religious orthodoxy early in the 16th Century, through the formalization of religious toleration by law, and finally to the eventual dissipation of the Protestant movement in Poland in the late 17th Century. As a haven for religious dissidents, Poland attracted many persecuted sects, and their role is also examined. Hardcover; 210 pp., illus., $8.95 (+10% shipping and handling). Trade discount on orders over 20 copies. Forthcoming in the series: W. Czaplinski and T. Ladogorski, Polish Historical Atlas R. Grodecki, Piast Poland The Memoirs of Jan Pasek THE KOSCIUSZKO FOUNDATION 15 East 65th Street New York, N.Y. 10021 o �EVENING NEWS, WILKES-BARRE, PA. OCTOBER 27, 1965 Violinist To Present Concert Stephan Hero, internationally known violinist, will be presented in a concert by the Wilkes College Polish Room Committee on Monday night, November 1, at 8:30 at the new Wilkes College Center for Performing Arts. Committee members, shown above, seated left to right, are: Mrs. John Cresko, Mrs. Chester Urbanski and Mrs. James Feddock. —Paul Bielcy Photo Standing: Mrs. Edward Kopicki and Miss Mary Novitsky. Chairman of the concert, Mrs. Vin­ cent Znaniecki, is assisted by Miss Mary Koons, co-chairman. Mr. Hero’s violin, a 1763 Quadaginni, is an old master and one of the best. This will be his first appearance in this area. �Polish Room Committee 1 T( Mg’s • Leader- Will Present Famous Violinist MRS. MICHAEL WEISS MRS. CLEM SCHWARTZ MRS. FRANK GROBLEWSKI Wilkes College Polish Room Committee will present Stefan Hero, interna­ tionally known violinist, in a concert Monday, November 1, at 8:30 p. m. at the lew Wilkes College Center for Performing Arts. Concert To Mark Opening Of Performing Arts Center SUNDAY INDEPENDENT, ---- ------ ---- Hero began playing the violin and New York. He has appeared Mr. Hero’s concert will mark at the age of five and has played at the White House and before the first public opening of the guest appearances with ovei’ 40 the King and Queen of England symphonic groups, including | aim uxx^ rxi ji and played xvx for the Armed Forces New Center for Performing Arts. The theater is patterned Philadelphia, Chicago. Cleveland I both here and abroad. after the Lincoln Center in New WILKES-BARRE, PA., SUNDAY, OCTOBER 24, 1! York City. Mrs. Michael Weiss, ticket chairman, has announced that tickets have been distributed to all members. Area chairman assisting her are Mrs. Clem Schwartz, Nanticoke; Mrs. Anita Janerick, Wilkes-Barre; Mrs. John Cresko and Mrs. Frank Groblewski, Kingston. Mrs. Vincent Znaniecki is chairman of the concert com­ mittee assisted by Miss MaryKoons, co-dhairman. . p— Polish Room Committee to Present Violinist To mark Poland’s Millennium, the intro­ duction of Christianity in Poland, the Polish Room Committee will present, Stephan Hero, an internationally known violinist, who will present a concert at the new Wilkes College Center for Performing Arts, Monday evening, Nov. 1, 1965, at 8:30 p. m. Members of the committee are: seated, Mrs. Anita Janerich, Miss Mary Koons and Mrs. Clem Maslow; standing, Miss Irene Biczysko, Mrs. Robert Kopicki, Mrs. Charles Leonard, and Mrs. Henry Harbaczewski. Chairman of the concert is Mrs. Vincent Znaniecki, assisted by Miss Koons, cochairman. �Editor MONDAY, AUGUST L Cultural Award ' Dr. Stephen P. Mizwa, president of the Kosciuszko Foundation, New York, was signally honored at the dinner, winding up the convention of the Ameri­ can Council of Polish Cultural Clubs at the Sterling on Saturday night when he . received the organization’s first award to an internationally known figure for ' the advancement of culture. Dr. Mizwa was the logical choice for .this distinction, for he is the active head ; and founder of an organization that, in \ many ways, parallels the American . Council/of Polish Cultural Clubs. While there is no conflict between the two, it ' is an added tribute to Dr. Mizwa to- be chosen under the circumstances. • To this community, the recognition, extended to Dr. Mizwa, was especially gratifying because he is a frequent visitor and is 'known to thousands of local residents. When the Kosciuszko Foundation was launched 35 years ago, Dr. Mizwa came to Luzerne County to solicit support because of its large popu­ lation of Americans of Polish descent. His first call was at the home of Dr. and Mrs. Joseph J. Kocyan, then residents of Plains, now residents of Wilkes-Barre. Dr. Kocyan currently is chairman of the board of the Kosciuszko Foundation and was toastmaster at the A.C.P.C.C. din­ ner on Saturday night when Dr. Mizwa was cited. Mrs. Kocyan is president of the Women’s Committee for the Polish Room of Wilkes College, host to the convention. A noted educator, Dr. Mizwa has climaxed an outstanding career with his long and dedicated service to the Kos­ ciuszko Foundation in a capacity for which he is eminently fitted by training and temperament The American Coun­ cil of Cultural Clubs has set a high standard in its initial choice for this award. ONE—PAGE TWQ . ' W ' ----------- ;------------------ ——/ /y /—-- ------------------------- —,—.—| Polish Clubs Conclude Conventio Principals at the dinner at Hotel Sterling r last night which concluded the 1959 conven­ tion of the American Council of Polish Cuii tural Cubs, Inc., held the last five days in Wilkes-Barre were: left to right, Joseph F. Le|ter, convention chairman; Rev. J. C. Szumanski, assistant pastor of Holy Family Church, Sugar Notch; Mrs. Victoria Janda, hostess and guest speaker; Dr. Stephen F, Mizwa, president, Kosciuszko Foundation; Dr. Joseph Kocyan, toastmaster; Miss Nell Wojnaroski, social activities chairman. Approximately 150 guests attended the U-____ 1_ _ ' . ' final meeting of the convention of the ACPCC held at Wilkes College last week. Highlight of ,the program was the pre­ sentation of the first annua] award for dis­ tinguished service to Polish and American culture to Dr. Stephen P. Mizwa by Thaddeus Stesinski, vice president of ACPCC. Mrs. Priscilla Pawlak Hopkins was soloist, accompanied by Mrs. Joseph Bolesta. Mrs. Janda, author of three books, dis- 1 cussed Polish-American literature before the gathering. (Photo by Swett) . �ugene Farley Will Play At Musicals At Wilkes Iomorrow Night For Polish Cultural Clubs’ Social ‘Moods of Chopin," a musicale, be presented at the Wilkes College gymnasium tomorrow, Fnday August 7, at 8 p. m., as part of the social activities of the ;annuaJ convention of the Ameri- can Council of Polish Cultural jpubs, Inc., being held at the col- lege throughout this week. Guest pianist will be Mrs. Eu­ generOT1 Farley, wife of Dr. Eugene President of Wilkes College An An ac accomplished pianist wellknown in local music circles, Mrs. Farley has been accompanist for —------ —---- - -- MRS. ELEANOR FABLE! ' $ Mrs. Eleanor Farley, wife of the president of Wilkes College, Dr. Eugene S. Farley, is well-known to residents of Wyoming Valley as an accomplished pianist. She has made numerous solo perfor­ mances, both piano and harpsichord, with the former Geiss Synrohonetta of Wyoming Valley. She has appeared in various "Town and Gown" programs sponsored by the Music Department at Wilkes College and she has been accompanist for musical programs featuring singers, dancers, violinists, flutists, and choral groups. Mrs. Farley is a member of the Board of the Wilkes-Barre Community Con­ cert Association and president, three terms, of the Wyoming Valley Women’s Club. numerous musical programs fea­ turing singers, dancers, violinhts, flutists, and choral groups. Her solo performances of both the piano and the harpsichord were with the former Geiss Symphonetta of Wyoming Valley. Mrs. Farley has been guest ~ pianist in various Town and , Gown programs sponsored by the Music Department of Wilkes Col­ lege, the most recent being March 8th, of this year. She is ,a member of the board of the Wilkes-Barre Community Concert Association and a mem­ ber of the Wyoming Valley Woman’s Club. Mrs. Farley served three terms as president of the club. The public is invited to attend this special musicale at the col­ lege gymnasium tomorrow night The concluding social event of the ACPCC Convention will be a semi-formal dinner dance on Saturday, August 8, at 6:30 p. m.. in the Hotel Sterling. Guest lecturer at the affair will be Mrs. Victoria Janda, poetess, who will discuss "Our Heritage.” Soloist at the dinner dance will be Mrs. Priscilla PawlakHopkins, soprano, from, 143 Lyndwood avenue,' Iona Place. Her accompanist will be. Mrs. Joseph A. Bolesta, from rear 329 West Main street, Plymouth. Host club for the ACPCC Con­ vention is the Women’s Commit­ tee for the Polish Boom of Wilkes College.' 7^ AMERICAN COUNCIL OF POLISH CULTURAL CLUBS, INC 1959 CONVENTION * The Host Club Women* s Committee for the Polish Room of Wilkes College proudly presents MRS. ELEANOR PARLE! pianist in a Musical-Program OF CHOPIN” at the Wilkes College Gymnasium Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania 8:00 p.m. Friday. August 7. 1959 �!H 15, 1959 Mrs. Kocyan ■ ] To Entertain * At Dinner I I 1 The annua] dinner-meeting of ■ B the Women’s Committee for the ■ || Polish Room at Wilkes College ■ will be held at the home of theB O president, Mrs. Joseph Kocyan® U 135 South Franklin St., tomor-W O row at 6 P. on M. various activities! Reports ■g of the year will be given and? ■g further plans will be made for! ■1 the card party and bake sale to be held on Wednesday, April 22.' Mj at 8 P. M. at the Wilkes Colleja Bl Franklin St. Bl gym, Mrs.South Stanley DombraJBB ^HBIP^n^^^are active parHMN&in American culture. ■Sj igenc^^chairnian; This new development is one of cultur,;Mrs. 1.... relatively new. They de­ veloped in Europe after the Renais­ sance, some earlier, others much later; and now quite a few of them are growing outside of Europe. Every national culture presup­ poses, first of all, a written language and works of literature in that language. Both language and literature grow together, as a result of the creative works of men of letters — lyric and epic poets, dramatists, and novelists. This is followed or accompanied by the development of history, philosophy, technology, science, art, and music. This national cul­ ture eventually becomes super­ imposed upon the local and rcgeniola folk cultures with spoken dialects. Thus, Italian national culture started to grow in the fourteenth icentury; French, in the fifteenth; English and German, in the first half of the sixteenth; Polish, in the sec­ ond half of the sixteenth; Russian in cheJ^jjtfjteenth; Norwegian, Finnish, the many proofs that the old cultural separation between peoples of dif­ ferent nationalities is nearly gone. For the most significant historical trend in modern times is cultural cooperations between nationalities, as I mentioned in my latest book on “Modern Nationalities.’’ We now re­ alize that every nationality can con­ tribute something to the creative growth of other nationalities, by what we call “crossfertilization of cultures.” Furthermore, functioning together, can develop creatively a world culture; and that this is the only effective way of unifying all mankind. Such cooperation requires that peoples of different cultures should understand and appreciate one an­ other. As the first step in this direc­ tion, every individual should parti" cipate in at least two cultures and fully appreciate both; and that ’ what members of Polish cultural 1S sociations in the United States aS" doing. are �March 2/th, 1941 Reverend dear Father: Upon, request of Mrs. Kurzentkowska, ? I Polish refugee, a group of repro.-enuatxve poles met at the Hotel Redington to hear her mission. She presented a plan, devised by the Polish refugees in this nation, whereby they could hare the opportunity to earn a liv­ ing by their own efforts n.nd talents. With "Bundles for Britain" ano. other slogans, much progress has been achieved by other nationalities. We, too, wish to foster the same spirit of brotherly love among us, especially in the matter of Packages for Polish Prisoners of 'War in Jermany, for which cause the net proceeds of our effort is destined. Knowing that a cause of this nature is always uppermost in your heart and that you are now making great contributions toward it, we are appealing to you for its support. Polish organizations of Luzerne County are conducting a Concert of the Polish Ballet under direction of Mr.- Felix Sadowski, at the Irem Temple in Wilkes-Barre, on Thursday night April the 24th at 8:50 p.m. Tickets of Admission are One Dollar. With our Honorary Chairman, Judge John J. Iponick, joined by the Committee and organizatims sponsoring the Ballet, we solicit your kind patronage and Co-operation. Believe me to be Your obedient servant, Vincent Znaniecki Chairman. �6 earne<^ huge sums of money which he spent freely causes dear to his heart. Paderewski, indefatigable in Performances and his public appearances, was extremely we received in all of the world, but it is very un erstandable that he was criticized in Moscow and Berlin. Especially dear to his heart.was American Polonia, Poles who se tied in the new world, and he took delight in his appearances in such centers of that population such as Chicago, Cleveland, Detroit, Buffalo, Scranton and Wilkes-Barre. Although he claimed residences throughout the world, Poland, United States, and France, his main one, a center for Polish activity, was at Riond-Bossom, Switzerland. He was intimate with all of the eminent persons of his time and this aspect of his life was used to the fullest by Polish leaders struggling for Polish independence, and it served them well with the advent of regained freedom at the end of World War I. Although he served as the first president of the reborn Poland at the end of World War I, he was not a politician and withdrew when he thought that role no longer served a good purpose. That is not to say that he was a mere figurehead because he was extremely active both inside Poland trying to get the various Polish leaders to cooperate, and outside of, Poland trying to get the help and support that Poland needed to survive. Nor did his intense interest or activity for the above purposes flag once out of office. He was not deterred when he later suffered the anguish of the death of his second wife, Helina,in 1934, and later in 1939 the destruction of his beloved country at the hands of that country's dual nemesis, Germany and Russia. Although his health deteriorated along with his physical dexterity as he aged, his popularity as a musician and speaker never diminished. In June, 1941 he took sick with respiratory dysfunction and on the 29th of that month, in New York city, after an attack and an apparent recovery, he suffered a relapse.and died at 10:59 PM. His body, covered with masses of flowers was viewed in the lobby of his hotel by thousands of admirers; high funeral Mass service was held in St. Patrick's Cathedral, NY. President Franklin Roosevelt accorded him the honor of a full military funeral and his body was transported to the Pennsylvania RY station on a military caisson, thence by train to Washington DC where it lay in state, viewed by thousands more at the Polish Embassy. With the Association of Polish Army Veterans as the Guard of Honor his body was transported to the Arlington National Cemetery where it was interred with full military honors, including gun salutes and participation of dignitaries and detachment of the US Armed forces. His grave marker read "Ignace Jan Paderewaki, Polish Stateman and Musician; His Remains Rest Temprarily Within the USS Maine Memorial" In 1992. when Poland was again free, his body was returned to his homeland for his final resting place. t0 the* �College Polish Room Committee Holds Summer Even Polish Room Committee of Wilkes College met at the sum­ mer home of Mrs. Stanley Ur­ banski, Harveys Lake, for its annual summer meeting and dinner. Mrs. Urbanski gave a brief report of the activities of the organization for the last year and outlined plans for the fall and winter. It was announced that Mrs. Urbanski will serve' as chairman of the forthcom­ ing Kosciuszko Ball to be held on Saturday night, December 26, at Hotel Sterling. Miss Mary Novitsky is cochairman of the ball. Other chairmen and committees will be an­ nounced at a later date. Welcomed as new members were Mrs. James Kozemchak, Mrs. Stanley Perlick, Mrs. John Stasik, Sr., Mrs. John Stasik, Jr., and Mrs. John Yendrick, Members and guests present at the meeting are shown. First row, seated from left: Mrs. Richard Stefanski, Mrs. Chester Urbanski, Mrs. Stanley Urbanski, Mrs. Joseph Kocyan, Miss Mary Novitsky, Miss Helen Gawlinska, Mrs. Vincent Znaniecki and Mrs. Edward Nork. (Photo by Paramount Studio) Second row, standing: Mrs. James Feddock, Mrs. Joseph Yendrick, Mrs. Emil Chwal, Mieszkowski, Mrs. Henry Hor- Miss Sophie Vnukowski, Mrs. batfzewski, Mrs. Stefan Heller- George Kocyan, Mrs. James sperk, Mrs. Francis Mikrut, Mrs. Natalie Brookus, Mrs. Kozerchak and Miss Felicia Stefan Poleskie, Mrs. Stanley Perlick. Others in attendance but ab­ Perlick, Mrs. Mary Paulik, Mrs. Alex J. Laffey, Mrs. Vic­ sent from the picture were toria Pietkiewicz, Mrs. Alex Mrs. Adam Coffee, Mrs. John Kresge, Mrs. Genevieve Ku- Cresko, Mrs. Victoria Galazrello, Mrs. Joseph Skuzinski ka, Mrs. Frank Klimek, Miss Janine Klimek. Mrs. Frank and Mrs. John Wojcik. Third row: Mrs. John Sta­ Peters, Mrs. Herbert Propos, sik, Sr., Mrs. John Stasik, Jr., Mrs. Clement Schwartz, Mrs. Mrs. Edward Mashinski, Mrs. Anthony Wallace, Mrs. Charles Baldina Czarniecki, Mrs. Theo­ Leonard, Mrs. Anna Nolboch dore B. Podkul, Mrs. John J. and Mrs. Theodore Sajeski. �Polish Room Committee Holds Summer Social Yesterday at the Urbanski Home, Harveys Lake The Women’s Committee for the Polish Room of Wilkes College devotes 12 months of the year to its various projects including adding furniture, books and equipment to the Polish Room in Wilkes College. Devoted to the increas­ ing knowledge of the cultural, social and economic contribution the Poles have made to the United States as well as the Wyoming Valley, the impres­ sive and dedicated group of women devote many noui’s of service. 1 Each year, the committee holds a Summer outing. Yesterday Mrs. Stanley Urbanski enter­ tained more than a hundred at her home at Har­ vey’s Lake. The carefully manicured lawns pro­ vided a cool setting for the gathering. The social aspect was put aside while mem­ bers discussed the Winter formal dance, the Kosciuszko Ball which will be held Saturday, Dec. 26. Mrs. Urbanski was named chairman and Mrs. John S. Cresko, last year’s ball chairman, was named advisory chairman. nartv new memoers were welcomed. At 'cr: of the Urbanski home are: Seated, left to right, Mrs. John Yendrick and LShown on the ia ending, Mrs. James Kozemchak, Mrs. Alex Kresge, Mrs. Stanley Perlik, Joseph kocyan. k john stasik. (Photos by Kozemchak) £ John -Stasik Ji- an Chairman and aides for the Kosciuszko Ball outlined briefly the plans for the Winter formal dance which will be held the night following Christmas. Shown, left to right, Miss Mary Novitsky and Mrs. Stanley Urbanski. Standing, Mrs. James Feddock, Miss Felicia Perlik, Mrs. Edward Mash inski and Mrs. Chester Urbanski. ��FRIDAY, AUGUST 12, 1955 POLISH ROOM COMMITTEE FETED AT GARDEN PARTY Mrs._Peter Barney- 2S2 North Maple Avenue. Kingston, entertained members of the Women’s Committee fox- the Polish Room at Wilkes College, at a garden party at her home on Wednesday evening. Violin selections were presented by Ramon Piekarski. A buffet sup-i Michael Weiss, Miss Delphine Wy­ per was served by .Mrs. Barney,] socki, Miss Claire Suwalski. Mrs. Julius Haebich, Mrs. John hostess, and the following co-host- Wojcik, Mrs. Edward Mazanowski, esses: Mrs. Jule Znaniecki, Mrs. Debbie Brosh, Mrs. Chester Urban­ Edward Nork, Mrs. Norman Kar- ski, Mrs. Alex Gasowski, Mrs. milowicz. Miss Wanda Zawatski, James Hannon. Mrs. Norman KarMiss Theodocia Trotzki, Mrs. A. J. milowicz, Miss Wanda Zawatski, Laffey. Miss Sophie Vnukowski, Miss Theodocia Trotzki, Mrs. Jos­ Mrs. Sophie Wallace. Mrs. Alex eph Lester, Mrs. Joseph Piekarski.: Krcsge, Mrs. J. W. Piekarski, Mrs. Jane Piekarski. Mrs. George Kocy-1 James Hannon. an, Jr., Mrs. Edward Nork, Mrs. Mrs. Edward Makowski spoke on Joseph Lester. hex- recent trip to Paris. Mrs. J. J. Kocyan presided at. the short busi­ ness meeting. Those attending: Mrs. George H. Kocyan, Mrs. Robert Kopicki, Mrs. Stefan Hellersperk, Mrs. Richard St efanski, Mrs. Zosia Makarczyk, Miss Amelia Pluto. Miss Irene Biczysko, Miss Catherine Biczysko, Miss Lottie Drapiewski, Mrs. Anthony Grosek, Mrs. C. C. Gro­ blewski. | Mrs. Vincent Znaniecki. Miss Josephine Stooks, Mrs. John Dra­ piewski, Mrs. Joseph Drapiewski, Mrs. T. A. Saleck. Mrs. A. W. Waljlace, Mrs. Alex Kresge, Mrs. Stan­ ley Dombrowski. Miss Jule Prisbeck. Miss Ann Grosek. Mrs. Jos­ eph Pisczek. Miss Nell Wojnarski, Mrs. Joseph Wassel, Mrs. John Loughlin, Mrs. Albert Cooper, Miss Zosia Vnukow­ ski, Mrs. J. J. Kocyan, Mrs. Frank Lukesh, Mrs. Joseph Rusnock, Mrs. Edward Makowski, Mrs. Mary Peters. Miss Ann Mushinski, Mrs. �JASbfeKA Original Version NATIVITY PLAY —-~Lucyan Rydel Translation by —~«*Mrs0 Joseph Plszczok .p'irec^tec^ — Krs dos<zp^ by Presented at Wilkes College Gymnasium, Wilkes-Barre ---------H^ia- 7?cL5h\n( Jcz4« Zna-ac-e. . December 3 at 8:00 P.M. by the Wilkes College Polish Room Committee Cast: St* Mary Mrs. Mary Serafin Archangel Stanley Yurkowski Angels H edy Horbaczewskl Jule Znaniecki Jozia Mieszkowskl Sandra Wallace Cherubs Jane Kulina Jane Wallace King Herod Joseph Mermak Death Mrso Anthony Wallace Devil Mrs. John Wojcik St* Joseph Richard Stefanski Shepherds Alex Rresge Sandy Skuzinskl Paul Znaniecki Chaster Urbanski Three Kings Wayne Walters George Richards Robert Barnes Three Pages Henry Horbaczewskl Joseph Kanon Barnes Women Mrso Helen Horbaczewskl Mrs. Chester Urbanski . �TOP LOADERS #3225 LIGHT IMPRESSIONS' '■■■• \;.. - i4,xK vOj Ww .•y^xwjk vW tlw w �in Cid krakow" acs of -.osciusz Coin..Clowacl i ,i res. ;V res.V.^naniecl'i ��. . '7 3 7-'77-5 ,■ - Irem 2,1938 - Irem 4t1941- Irem j>ec.l,l<;43 ov. 7,194<?- Irem - ”A Kight in cld Krakow” -K .F.ComF,M.Glowacki,Fres. ;V.Lnaniecki^CA, - ” .'he Dreams of -osciuszko”-- .F;'Com.-i reo.V.-nanlacki - xolish Pallet - x’elix Sadowski; Ch. V.Mnaniecki Helena -orsztyn- Chopin j iano ^ecital-Luz.Co. ar Fin.Bond J . pb*6 - it old -alcuzynski- Chopin xiano Recital- attendance 1400. ___________ _ -ron Cct. 9,1951 - Lecture by --rs. A. Coleman <-.50 Sxp-,108 - 200• 4 <cr21^*l^J " Baton Concert(lst A.F.Chopin Sch.winner-black) 100 -1000. ~ -Lecture by Edmund Zawacki .50 32.05- 213.4 i-ay 19,1953 - Fashion Clinic by melania Hellersperk 33. y- 110.8 June ,1953 - Grove theater,Puangola-”I Am A Camera”- Ch. Jule Z. - 79.4 -ov. 0,1955 - Cooking Demonst., ,C.Cafeteria 6.p4 - 20.8 Feb. 7,1954 - Felix Labunski, composer 100. - 220. -<ar. 27,1955- elicia Vlodek,Col.Cop. - Jule Z.,ch. 256*80 - 125*5 Oct.22, 1955 - ’’The Forefathers” by Mickiewicz - 500. Bov.13,1955 - -n evening of Mickiewicz by Alexander Janta Bee. 3,1°55 Jaselka’kativity FAay-tr.by V.Iiezczekjdir.by Marie - 171.2 .-ay 17,1956 - ’’Fashions in History” - Gym - Lelania & Jule - 549*5 July ,1956 - bummer Dance- Irem .C.C.J avilion - Ch. Viola Schwartz - 145* Oct.27,1956 - ^al Masque - yo.V.C.C,- Ch. Helen Cooper i-ay 1957 - Ban Follock-piano concert at the Gym Oct.51,1957 - Irene Lorentowicz,artist - Ggterhout- Ch. Vic Fork c; Jule April ?6,1958-Yurek Lazowski’s -allet’kan Twardowski”-Irem-Ch.Jule Z.-2441 -1,000. 1959 - Dedication > Unveiling of -laquc -u,,1959“ A.C.I .C.C. Convention - .oil .,Jule z.,C Mildred;5th-Reception at McClintock Hall; 7th- Mrs. Eleanor Farley-Moods of Chopin”; 8th- Dinner Dance at Sterling. Jan.17,1960 - Jus Trip to hil.,Academy of Kusic-”81asl:”- Jule & Mildred . eb.20,i960 - Lecture by Mrs. Coleman- lol. Loom,Parrish Hall >opt. I960 - Feted ’’Miss Poland”kalinowski,Col.U.L’ng.stud. atlol. km. Get. i960 - aderewski Memorial irogram -Mrs. g. ..oodruff Get. 7,1961 - Irem-”Mazowsze” - -eception-Jule :Z. & Mildred Oct. 18,1961- Adam Kapuscinski -conce- t pianist-Gym- Ch.-Lorraine 300. i.ov. 1901 - S.Mrozewski’s 10 day Exhibit of woodcuts & paintings-Jule & Vic Kay 2, 1962 - Intern. Fashion Show-authentic costumes (u Card x~arty) Feb. 28,1963- loznan Choir -Item {Reception -Jule 8 Melania Sept. 1963 “ Feted Col. Alice Gritsavage ,Foothills I-anor,Shickshinny-Jule Apr. 1964 - Hosted Farm Youth Exchange delegates to Poland -1 week May 17, 1964- Paul Gorka’s Art Exhibit at the Polish Em.,Parrish ixall Oct. 5,1964 -’’Festival of Leaves”-Gym-Ethnic tables; Jule and Melania -403.75 370. i ov.4, 1964 - Slides of K.F. Trip to Poland-at Hyo.V.C.C. - Mell ... G Mary G. Feb. 1965 zr Slides of their 6 months in Poland-Sandra Virtue, a F.Y.E.stud. April 1965' - Hosted 4 I.F.Y.E. students going to Poland -1 week here. -ov. 1,1965 - Stefan Hero,violinist-Center for the -erf. 4irts -Jule Kov.29,1965 - Christmas Party-honored Mrs. Aocyan-Pres.15 yrs.-4pc.silver coffee service - Jule, Hell, 8 Vi F. Dec» 10,1965~Millenium Film-Sterling Mar.27,1966- ’’The Mask of arriors"- Marta A.Rhodes- Sterling Cct. 3,1966 - Thomas Michalak,violinistA Debbie Sobol-Ferf. Arts Center Dec. 10,1966- Millen. Concert,Carnegie Hall:Stokowski,A.ianufnik’s Sacr Sinfon Apr.7, 1968 - Andrzej Bachleda,tenor - Center for the Ferf. Arts 1968- Farley Lib. May 1972 - Presentation of Ilia’s works by xirs. Coleman -Dr. Far ley,Dr. tlocyan Feb.16,1973 - Copernicus Anniv,. Dinner at Treadway-with -ol. Union Cct.7, 1973 - Peter Haat^violinist,8 Fiekos,pianist at C.for the 1.A.-Tina 8 Perth Fov.\17,1974--‘XAn Afternoon in the Tatras”-H.U.S.;Reception-Village Inn Aug.15,1975 - Hosted Polish Craft Exhibit from Smithonian & the Reception Feb. Ip,1975- Prof. W. FBacek,v;.C.-’’Copernicus”-!'olish Rm. Mar. 31.1973- Bus Trip to H.Y. -K.F. Uome-kusicale-Feter Haas5reception ��SUNDAY, OCTOBER 19, 1952 PA. SUNDAY INDEPENDENT^ WILKES-BARRE, PA., SUNDAY, MAY 24, 1953 ■men Offer Lecture in Moving r Slavonic Room for Wilkes --- ----—----- -f~I ....... - - ■ --- ---- —--- Nanticoke Committee Aids Polish Group at Wilk A committee of Wyoming Valley ','omen interested in furnishing a Slavonic room at Wilkes College will present a lecture by Dr. Ed- W mund I. Zawacki, chairman of the p ■’ Slavonic department at the Uni-!B versity of Wisconsin, in the college gymnasium this evening at 8. Mrs. Clem Schwartz is co-chair­ man of the committee of 49 women. .Anne Grosek is working wit hher. Doctorate from Harvard Dr. Zawacki, who holds the first Ph.D. in Slavic languages and literatures ever granted by Harv­ ard University, has been a mem-( ber of the Wisconsin facility since 1939. Born of Polish immigrant parents in Massachusetts, he re­ ceived both his A. B. and A. M. degrees at Harvard, where he ma­ jored in English. The young scholar taught and studied in Poland, mostly in War-, saw, from 1930 to 1936. Having been a Polish delegate to the In-| ternational Congress - of Students MRS. CLEM SCHWARTZ in Bucharest in 1931, he became j active in the Polish Students’ .A1 the grand| stay in during Poland.'his post-graduate momc urcnesuia, Orchestra h. iI Union ~ . scene of the Consecration from Prolific Writer “ Se Verdi’s “Aida” last 'ring, will be •^Bernard, accompanied by Prof. _ A prolific writer, he recently __ ----- made an important contribution I Appleton. to ‘‘Poland,” a book published by the University of California Press [ in the United ations series. His articles and reviews have appeared in the “Slavic and East European Review,” “American Socialogical *“ Journal,” and “Journal of Central European Affairs.” A musical program featuring 1 Stephen Zundarski, tenor, will pre- • cede Dr. Zawacki’s lecture. Mr. Zandarski, who appeared as solo«, ist with Wyoming Valley Fhiih - '<> r > n '7 ’ ’ J *■' 9 0 n nag Sadowski Members of the Nanticoke Committee of the Wilkes College Polish Room Group are pictured above at a final planning meeting. Reports were read on the sale of tickets for tomorrow's performance of “I Am a Cam­ era” at the Nuangola Theatre, which the group is sponsoring to raise funds for the purchase of authentic Polish works of art and furnish­ ings for their room at Wilkes College. Seated, left right: Josephine Stooks, chairman of ticket committee; Mrs. Vincent Zna- LW " n V’ 0 P G n 11 11 nleckl, general chairman, and Mrs. Adam Janora. Standing, left to right: Mr3- Joseph Skuzinski, co-chairman; Mrs. Clem Schwartz, Mrs. Frank Peters sr., and Mrs. Edward A. Nork, chairman of publicity. Tickets for this performance also may be obtained from Mrs. Joseph Drapiewski, Mrs., Edward Makowski, Mrs. Paul R. Selecky, Mrs.; Michael Andrek, Mary Glowackl, Mrs, John*' Drapiewski or Mrs. Peter Kanjorskl; �G ‘ £ I “I Fashion Expert FRIDAY, MAY 1, 1953 WILKES-BARRE RECORD Fashion Clinic c £ C f c 1 i I MRS. MELANIA HELLERSPERK I The committee for the Polish [Room at, Wilkes College will spon|sor a. fashion clinic with Melania ___ (Hellersperk, fashion authority, at I the college gymnasium, Tuesday (evening, May. 19 at 8 o'clock. j Mrs. Hellerspark will give a 'practical analysis of figure varia­ tions. Although fashions change I every season, designers employ the [same basic lines season after [season. These lines can be un■ altering nr flattering to a given ■I{figure. She will also discuss how MK'to choose clothes which will bring KI .out the best points in any figure ANNE GROSEK A group of women from the Committee for the Polish Room at Wilkes College met recently at the home of Mrs. Richard Stefanski, North Main Street, to make final plans for a Fashion Clinic to be held May 19 at 8 p. m. in Wilkes College gymnasium. Pictured above are committee members. Seated, left to right: Miss Nell Wojarski, cochairman: Miss Anne Grosek, chairman; Mrs. John Loughlin, tickets; Mrs. Alexander Laffey, arrangements. Standing; Mrs. Joseph Piszczek, publicity; Mrs. Joseph Piekarski, Mrs. Alex Kresge and Mrs. Richard Stefanski, all members of the arrangements committee. Mrs. Melania Hellersperk, fashion authority, will discuss the selection of clothes for various types of individuals and give a practical analysis of figure variations. Tickets have been mailed to each memb er of the committee. Additional tickets may be obtained from Mrs. John Loughlin, ticket chairman. Miss Anne Grosek and Miss Nell Wojnarski are co-chairmen with the following committee: Mrs. John Loughlin, tickets; Mrs. Joseph Pisczek, publicity; Mrs. Joseph Piekarski, Mrs. Richard Stefanski, Mrs. Alex Kresge, Mrs. John Wojcik, Mrs. Alexander • «> »> »> ' „ Q „ 0 0 00 0 a 0n o n m f ■ r; t ■ ■ 1 0 »’ t *O r. n Q o fl □ 0 ao fl 0 B n n Arnie Grosek is chairman for! the fashion clinic sponsored by] a group of women from the com­ mittee for the Polish Room at; Wilkes College, on Tuesday night at 8 at Wilkes gymnasium, Franklin street. Mrs. Melania Hellersperk, Fash- . I ion authority, auLiioriryt will discuss figure. figured” ,jvariations, basic lines in fashion'] [which are flattering or unflatter-1 ,'ing to a given figure and alscrjj I how to choose clothes which will! '(bring out the best poir.ts in any! 'figure type. Tickets may be obtained by �e t a- e r ct .1 <■ <■ 13 r 0 nmwwn®K □ c«*»*> ° °0 c c or Fashion Expert FRIDAY, MAY 1, 1953 WILKES-BARRE RECORt) . Fashion Clinic I. MELANIA HELLERSPERK 1 The committee for the Polish (Room at Wilkes College will spon­ sor a fashion clinic with Melania Hellersperk, fashion authority, at the college gymnasium. Tuesday evening, May. 19 at 8 o'clock. Mrs. Hellerspark will give a [practical analysis nf figure varia­ tions. Although fashions change I every season, designers employ 1he same basic lines season after season. These lines can be un<0 i [flattering or flattering to a given M figure. She will also discuss how Rlto choose clothes which will bring Rlout the best points in any figure Miss Anne Grosek and Miss jlNell Wojnarski are co-chairmen | with the following committee: John Loughlin, tickets; Mrs. ih Pisczek, publicity: Mrs. Joseph Pickarski. Mrs. Richard Stefanski. Mrs. Alex Kresge, Mrs. John Wojcik, Mrs. Alexander ANNE GROSEK A group of women from the Committee for the Polish Room at Wilkes College met recently at the home of Mrs. Richard Stefanski, North Main Street, to make final plans for a Fashion Clinic to be held May 19 at 8 p. m. in Wilkes College gymnasium. Pictured above are committee members. Seated, left to right: Miss Nell Wojarski. cochairman: Miss Anne Grosek, chairman; Mrs. John Loughlin, tickets: Mrs. Alexander Laffey,. arrangements. Standing: Mrs. Joseph Piszczck, publicity; Mrs. Joseph Pickarski, Mrs. Alex Kresge and Mrs. Richard Stefanski, all members of the arrangements committee. Mrs. Melania Hellersperk, fashion authority, will discuss the selection of clothes for various types of individuals and give a practical analysis of figure variations. Tickets have been mailed to each mcmh er of the committee. Additional tickets may be obtained from Mrs. John Loughlin, ticket chairman. >, M t , M M U U ,• n i. C M U 0 Arnie Grosek is chairman for the fashion clinic sponsored by a group of women from the com­ mittee for the Polish Room at ■ Wilkes College, on Tuesday night at 8 at Wilkes gymnasium, I Franklin street. Mrs. Melania Hellersperk, FashI ion authority, will discuss figure 1 variations, basic lines in fashion which are flattering or unflatter,'mg to a given figure and alsop jhow to choose clothes which will! (bring out the best points in any, figure type. Tickets may be obtained by n \ �ii pearances. Mrs. Detroy has appeared in recitals and as soloist in the major oratorios and operas. SUNDAY, MARCH 1 6 PROGRAM OF CHORAL MUSIC Singers' Guild of Scranton and Wyoming Valley Oratorio Chorus Charles Henderson, Conductor The two community choruses will pre­ sent a joint program of outstanding choral works. A collection will be taken to meet inci­ dental expenses of the choruses. SUNDAY, APRIL 27 WILKES COLLEGE CHORUS John Detroy, Conductor This group from the College presents programs throughout the academic year. Its repertory includes works ranging from the sixteenth century to the present. + + + SUNDAY, MAY 1 1 Wilkes College Band Robert Moran, Conductor In this, its annual spring concert, the or­ ganization that provides stimulating musi­ cal background for College athletic contests will demonstrate its ability to deal with some of the concert-type band literature that it rehearses throughout the year. BAND CONCERT , Prepared by the �0 0) U) »0j □ O CO J I 15*? -n5 V) 0) LU D c o > V) X 0) </) c c 0) I I- ysr'WKm'U ----- ORIGINAL-Irerni dpf.z4lf4<-THE Polish BALLE ! Corps de Ballet t-h( t f? Cl 1 e Artistic Director and Choreographer FELIX SADOWSKI formerly RalletMaster of The Grand Opera CompanyofWarsaw ‘ �We of the Wilkes College community again look forward to the pleasure of hav­ ing members of the larger community join us in the College Gymnasium for another series of Sunday-afternoon concerts. A considerable number of community residents have already discovered that there are competent performers among the Wilkes College School of Music faculty members and students featured in these concerts. We hope that even more of them will find it possible this season to share with us the privilege of hearing the best in old and new music. The first program—a concert by an artist not directly connected with the College— is the only one in the series for which a charge will be made. Schedule of Concerts and Recitals 1951-52 All programs, except the first, begin at 4 p.m. In 1950 Mr. Eaton won the $1,000 Chopin Scholarship awarded by the Kos­ ciusko Foundation, to which local concert­ goers who heard the 1949 Malcuzynski recital at Wilkes College contributed gen­ erously. This year Mr. Eaton will contribute the proceeds from his recital to the Wilkes School of Music Scholarship Fund. SUNDAY, DECEMBER 16 MADRIGAL SINGERS OF WILKES COLLEGE John Detroy, Conductor —— ----— These singers comprise a small group specializing in madrigal works of European composers. SUNDAY, JANUARY 13 RECITAL Wilbur Isaacs Mr. Isaacs, young American baritone, gave a New York concert last spring, and is well known as an interpreter of art songs. He is instructor in voice at Wilkes College. MONDAY, NOVEMBER 5, AT 8 P.M. PIANO RECITAL Roy Eaton Mr. Eaton, young pianist of unusual promise, has studied under Rudolph Gruen, Harold Bauer, and Helen Scoville at the Manhattan School of Music and under Edwin Fischer in Europe. He has appeared as soloist with the Chicago Symphony Or'4w*<itra and has made an extensive concert SUNDAY, FEBRUARY 17 PIANO-VOICE RECITAL John and Eleanor Detroy Mr. and Mrs. Detroy are graduates of the Eastman School of Music. Mr. Detroy, head of the Wilkes College School of Music, has been piano soloist with several syrnnhom. �pearances. Mrs. Detroy has appeared in recitals and as soloist in the major oratorios and operas. SUNDAY, MARCH 1 6 PROGRAM OF CHORAL MUSIC Singers' Guild of Scranton and Wyoming Valley Oratorio Chorus Charles Henderson, Conductor The two community choruses will pre­ sent a joint program of outstanding choral works. A collection will be taken to meet inci­ dental expenses of the choruses. SUNDAY, APRIL 27 Q O P Q o 3 *0 p cn &- (D P WILKES COLLEGE CHORUS John Detroy, Conductor This group from the College presents programs throughout the academic year. Its repertory includes works ranging from the sixteenth century to the present. + + + SUNDAY, MAY 1 1 BAND CONCERT Wilkes College Band Robert Moran, Conductor In this, its annual spring concert, the or­ ganization that provides stimulating musi­ cal background for College athletic contests will demonstrate its ability to deal with some of the concert-type band literature that it rehearses throughout the year. Prepared by the �earances. Mrs. Detroy has appeared in ecitals and as soloist in the major oratorios nd operas. SUNDAY, MARCH 1 6 ROGRAM OF CHORAL MUSIC Singers' Guild of Scranton and Wyoming Valley Oratorio Chorus Charles Henderson, Conductor The two community choruses will pre­ sent a joint program of outstanding choral works. A collection will be taken to meet inci­ dental expenses of the choruses. co flfl © .s fl £ -2 h J? re I John Defroy, Conductor WILKES COLLEGE CHORUS This group from the College presents programs throughout the academic year. Its repertory includes works ranging from the sixteenth century to the present. G re a re 3 © © re£ ©re CD Prepared by the "re re a 3 z; 0) C3 Cs c© C\ fl © o co a O £ .© rea o re Q z; © cn cd re C © re co © co © C fl a re S S J © _ © co r N © I si fl re © ©" fl © tL O & s 13 .2 re fl © "o © © © © re G © re c © *© fl © « £ s £3 ** s s .© re re CJ C © re a re o ° re 2 N © s —h .2 © fl fl © M .© *© © © re fl?-s o © i fls11 *3 3 $ © T! fl M CD © re ■H © "re Q fl o cq § "re co © £ fl Ph 75 © CD CD fl co "o © .fl ’re re re co CD •JW SUNDAY, MAY 1 1 Wilkes College Band Robert Moran, Conductor In this, its annual spring concert, the or­ ganization that provides stimulating musi­ cal background for College athletic contests will demonstrate its ability to deal with some of the concert-type band literature that it rehearses throughout the year. N re refl "re cq fl .s •2 "fl © I 're cq "re N CJ co co re fl 4-> £ © C BAND CONCERT co It re '+H o © © s re p SUNDAY, APRIL 27 £ re © § 75 re co co a 5 *56 fl re 2 3 c .co £ © © © "re fl '& fl P5 O ~ "fl fl .2, fl a © © �The Polish-American Congress OF NORTHEASTERN PENNSYLVANIA presents AN EVENING OF MICKIEWICZ Dedicated To The Memory of Polands Greatest Poet ADAM MICKIEWICZ SUNDAY, NOVEMBER 13th, 1955 Wilkes College Gymnasium �PROGRAM . . Greetings ....................................... Mrs. Joseph Mieszkowski PATRONS Vocal Selection — Ide Ja Niemnen (Walking Along the River) Basia Mieszkowski Flute Solo--------------------------------------------------------- Jane Piekarski Poems of Mickiewicz ........................................... Carl Loewe Lecture Prof. Alexander Janta Vocal Selection “Wilija” Mazurka Geraldine Magda ___ -------------------------- ------- Chopin Polish Dancers of Wyoming Valley Jozia Mieszkowski Stanley Delascavage Basia Mieszkowski Joseph Mirmak Mary Sleva Ray Krokoski Alex Winterhalter Emerick Michaels Mrs. Joseph Aszuk Mrs. Mary Peters Mrs. Stanley Bednarski Mr. Robert Platt Mr. & Mrs. Joseph A. Dworczak Piszczek Bros. Mrs. Stanley Dombrowski Mrs. Joseph Piszczek Mr. Joseph Bieszczak Mr. Joseph Pohala Mrs. John Drapiewski Paderewski University Club Dr. & Mrs. Joseph Falchek Group 2949, Z.N.P., Scranton, Pa. Mrs. Louis Glowacki Polish National Alliance Miss Mary Glowacki Gmina 141, Warrior Run Miss Anne Grosek Polish Women’s Alliance Mr. & Mrs. Julius Haebich Commission 4 Mrs. Stefan Hellersperk Dr. & Mrs. J. W. Piekarski Mrs. Henry Horbaczewski Mrs. Victoria Pietkiewicz Mr. Frank Januszkiewicz Mr. & Mrs. Clem Schwartz Dr. & Mrs. Norman Karmilowicz Atty. & Mrs. Paul Selecky Choreographer — Barbara Weisberger Accompanists ■— Ruth Remley, Vincent Drapiewski — COMMITTEE General Chairman — Mrs. Joseph Mieszkowski District Co-Chairmen— Mrs. Mary Makowski, Mrs. Alex Kreczko, Miss Jule Prisbeck, Mrs. John Wojcik, Mrs. Julius Haebich, Mrs. Theodore Wonsavage, Mrs. Joseph Dworczak. Program — Mrs. Richard Stefanski, Mrs. Michael Mastroianni, Mrs. John Wojcik, Mrs. Alex Kreczko, Mrs. Joseph Piekarski, Mrs. Joseph Dworczak. Patrons — Mrs. Vincent Znaniecki, Mrs. Stanley Bednarski. Publicity — Mrs. E. J. Varhely. Our special thanks to Wilkes College for the use of its facilities and all who helped to make this affair a success. Dr. & Mrs. Joseph J. Kocyan Mrs. Joseph Skuzinski Miss Florence Kozik Mr. Henry A. Shuster Mr. & Mrs. Alex Kreczko Miss Lucia Smith Mr. T. A. Krzywicki & Son Mr. Louis Sliwinski Miss Mary Koons Mrs. Mary Stepan Mrs. John Klocko Miss Josephine Stooks Mrs. Mary Lachocki Mr. John Sroka Mr. & Mrs. Joseph F. Lester Mr. & Mrs. Richard Stefanski Dr. Edward Makowski Mr. & Mrs. John Wojcik Mrs. Mary Makowski Mrs. Theodora Wonsavage Mrs. Michael Mastroianni Mr. Joseph Winogronski Mr. Joseph Mendykowski Miss Nell Wojnarski Atty. & Mrs. Joseph Mieszkowski Mrs. E. J. Varhely Mr. Michael Mikuna Mr. Martin Znaniecki Miss Victoria Nitch Mr. & Mrs. Vincent Znaniecki Mrs. Edward Nork �WILKES-BARRE RECORD Kosciuszko Rail committer entertained members and friends at. a Christmas tea in the foyer of Wilkes College gymnasium. Ladi«’a\” Reymont's classic "The Peasants,” written in four volume-: and awarded the Nobel Prize tn 1924. was re­ viewed by Mr* Stanley Dombroski. volume 1-Autumn? Miss Heddy Horbaczewskl, volume 2—Winter; Miss Nell Wo.jnarr-ki, volume 3- Spring. and Mrs. Joseph Pisczek, volume 4-—• Summer. Four tables highlighted seasonal foods. Autumn portrayed a typical country wedding with im­ ported Poli-h dolls, representing the bride and bridegroom. Surrounding the bride and bridegroom were foods ordinarily served at a Polish wedding. Winter, with Christmas as the most important holiday of this season, featured a small fir tree decorated with fruits, nuts and small cakes. The foods displayed were all the spe­ cial dishes that are served at the Christmas eve supper. Polish Christmas carols were sung by Miss Theresa Eget accompanied by Mrs. Joseph Bolesta. An Ea-Urr lamb molded of butter and colorfully hand- decorated eggs with" the Kielhasa and other foods tradition­ ally’ included in the Blessed Easter basket adorned the table depicting the spring season. Summer, the. harvest, season, displayed a large’ wreath made of wneat intertwined with poppies and bachelor but­ tons; a* well as a colorful arrangement of vegetables and fruits of the season. Each table was covered with an attractive table cloth imported from Poland. Miss Anne Grosek and Miss Nell Wojnarski presided at the tea table. Pictured are members' of the committee for the ball, which will be held December 29 at Hotel Sterling. Left to right: Mrs. Edward Kopicki, invitations chairman: Mrs. Stan­ ley Dombroski. arrangements chairman; Mrs. Joseph Piszczek, publicity chairman: Mrs. Frank Strojny, door committee; Mrs. John Kopicki, decorations chairman; Miss Anne Mushinski. door chairman; Mrs. Emil Suda, reservations chairman; Miss Anne Grosek, co-chairman, and Miss Nell Wojnarski, chairman. (Photo By Paul Bielev) �THE WOMAN’S COMMITTEE OF THE POLISH ROOM AT WILKES COLLEGE PRESENTS FELIX R. LABUNSKI assisted by Eleanor S. Detroy SUNDAY, FEBRUARY 7, 1954 at 4:00 P.M. WILKES COLLEGE GYMNASIUM Lecture "POLISH MUSIC OF THIS ^CENTURY” ..CAN JOURNAL —. JUNE 6th. 1953 1 I > IB»«11 r® r Prelui Prehr Mazu? Three M In the Vocal Aria 1 Les C a-y irj^x**** L .***»• Thre Mazi Dan| t .. ............................... ’H—WT W -A-? ■ ___ .1 POLISH ROOM COMMITTEE AT WILKES COLLEGE: Recently many volumes of books Sealing with Polish literature, culture and history was donated to the proposed Polish Room at Wilkes’College, Wilkes-Barre, Pa. . Among the books donated, are those published by the Kosciuszko Foundation of New York, as a. personal gift; from Joseph Lester of Kingston, Pa. ’ A few years ago, the Tatra Club in Luzerne County inaugurated a program of teaching Polish at Luzerne High Schools, and from this an idea cropped out to organize a Polish Cultural Club, at Wilkes College.xjyhen the fund. was approximately $1,000 and things became dormant for a while, the project was renewed and is now headed* by a women’s group with Mrs. J. J. Kocyan in charge. Wilkes Col^ge, being short of quarters, assigned the group a tempprary room which is partly decorated, also an annex to the library where the books on Polish.’ Culture are stored. The books are now double-indexed and can be borrowed from the school library. As soon as suitable spacious quarters can be obtained, college authorities will give sameTo the Polish Club. ':•?>>•:?• A'W Seated above, left to right: Miss Marja Koons, Joseph Lester, Mrs. Jean W. Piekarska, Mrs. L. Stefanski. Stand- ' -H ing, left to right: Mrs. Marie Kocyan, Mrs, Nada Vujica, librarian^ and Prof. Konstanty Symonolewicz.” I 'f1 �THE WOMAN’S COMMITTEE OF THE POLISH ROOM AT WILKES COLLEGE PRESENTS FELIX R. LABUNSKI assisted by Eleanor S. Detroy SUNDAY, FEBRUARY 7, 1954 at 4:00 P.M. WILKES COLLEGE GYMNASIUM Lecture “POLISH MUSIC OF THIS CENTURY” by Felix R. Labunski Illustrated by Recordings INTERMISSION Recital Compositions of Felix R. Labunski Prelude in C-minor Prelude in C-major Mazurka in C-minor Three Bagatelles: March Mazurka Polka COMPOSER AT THE PIANO In the Twilight Vocalise Aria from the "Polish Cantata” Les Chamois ♦ ELEANOR S. DETROY. SOPRANO JOHN G. DETROY AT THE PIANO Threnody (in memory of Ignace Paderewski) Mazurka (First performance) Danse Fantasque COMPOSER AT THE PIANO RECORD PLAYER COURTESY OF HOME UTILITIES CO. �rLKES-BARRE RECORD, FRIDAY, MARCH 11, 1< Ifelicia vlodek to presentIi CONCERT MAR. 27 AT WILKES I An outstanding musical event of the season will be the appearance of Felicia Vlodek in a song recital on Sunday, March 27, at 3:30 p. m. in Wilkes College gymnasium. The noted coloratura will be sponsored here by the Polish Room Committee of Wilkes College. Miss Vlodek has made extensive concert appearances throughout Europe and has sung in this coun­ try in New York, Chicago, Cleve­ land, Buffalo and Rochester. She has performed at the Salzburg Musical Festival and appeared in special concerts in Italy, France and Belgium. Known as the "Pol­ ish Nightingale," she sang with | Jan Kipura in an operatic perform­ ance in Warsaw. J-26-Sb FRIDAY, MARCH 25, J FELICIA VLODEK MRS. VINCENT ZNANIECKI JTelicia Vlodek To Sing Sunday Committee for the Polish Room of Wilkes College has completed plans for the Velicia Vlodek con­ cert, to be held Sunday afternoon at 3:30 in Wilkes gymnasium. Anyone still desiring tickets may communicate with the following: Mrs Vincent Znaniecki, chairman; Mrs. Joseph Aszuk, co-chairman; Mrs. Alex Kresge, Miss Sophie | Vnukowski, Mrs. Alexander Laffey, Mrs. Richard Stefanski, Sr., Miss Josephine Stooks or Mrs. Edward Makowski. Miss Vlodek has a fine profes­ sional background. She is color- \ atura soprano and has appeared under direction of such conductors as Toscanini and Felix Weingartner, She has a remarkable com­ bination of talents- delightful vo-, cal suppleness, superb musicianship, and a winsome stage personality. 1 Clifford Balshaw will accompany, the artist. Public is invited. �z rsa5 0< 2Oth Century Plastics 1-800-421-4662 STOCK * PPV8 ------- �The Committee for the Polish Room of * Wilkes College presents VLODEK FELICIA Coloratura Soprano in a SONG RECITAL Sunday, March 27, 1955 at 3:30 P. M. at WILKES COLLEGE GYMNASIUM Franklin Street, Wilkes-Barre, Pa. �PROGRAM FELICIA VLODEK, Coloratura Soprano Clifford Balshaw at the Piano Plaisir d’Amour -.................. Martini Allelujah from the Messiah . ....................Mozart - Les Filles de Cadiz Delibes -........... Delibes Bell Song from Lakme Heiden Roeslein ............. Schubert Adele’s Laughing Song from Fledermaus Strauss INTERMISSION La Traviata, Act II Verdi La Serenata ................... ........................... Tosti When I Have Sung My Songs to You Romance So Deep is the Night Johnny Charles ............................. Romberg ............................Chopin Nietviadomski �The Committee for the Polish Room of FELICIA VLODEK Wilkes College '“The Polish Nightingale” MISS VLODEK (originally spelled Wlodek) is a native of Lwow, Poland. From the age of six to seventeen she studied at the Conservatory of Music in her native city, graduating with two diplomas—in voice and piano. There­ upon, from 1934 to 1938 she received a scholarship from the Vienna Academy of Art and Music and studied with Dr. Theo Lierhammer, the director of the Academy, famous as voice teacher of Marion Anderson, Richard Tauber and Galli-Curci. Still as a student in Vienna and later on Miss Vlodek appeared as guest artist with several European Symphony orchestras and sang under such famous conductors as Felix Weingartner and Arturo Toscanini. Everywhere critics and audiences have been impressed by a remarkable combination of talents: de­ lightful vocal suppleness, superb musicianship, and a gay, winsome stage personality. Her tonal range is foui- and a half octaves, reaching an octave above High-C. The World War II interrupted her brilliant career. She found herself in the Warsaw Insurrection and had been through all the horrors of concentration camps of both German and Russian types. Her husband, a Polish prince with a Cambridge University degree, was kid­ napped and murdered by the Russians in West German}' less than a year after the close of the war. She prefers to keep silent about the horrors of war that wiped out most of her family. In 1948 she managed to find her way to Canada with her mother, has slowly regained her health, became a Canadian citizen, and is now trying to piece together the pattern of her European musical career that was shattered by the war. presents FELICIA VLODEK Coloratura Soprano in a SONG RECITAL Sunday, March 27, 1955 at 3:30 P. M. at WILKES COLLEGE GYMNASIUM Franklin Street, Wilkes-Barre, Pa. �PROGRAM FELICIA VLODEK, Coloratura Soprano FELICIA VLODEK "The Polish 'Nightingale" MISS VLODEK (originally spelled Wlodek) is a native of Lwow, Poland. From the age of six to seventeen she studied at the Conservatory of Music in her native city, graduating with two diplomas—in voice .and piano. There­ upon, from 1934 to 1938 she received a scholarship from the Vienna Academy of Art and Music and studied with Dr. Theo Lierhammer, the director of the Academy, famous as voice teacher of Marion Anderson, Richard Tauber and Galli-Curci. Still as a student in Vienna and later on Miss Vlodek appeared as guest artist with several European Symphony orchestras and sang under such famous conductors as Felix Weingartner and Arturo Toscanini. Everywhere critics and audiences have been impressed by a remarkable combination of talents: de­ lightful vocal suppleness, superb musicianship, and a gay, winsome stage personality. Her tonal range is four and a half octaves, reaching an octave above High-C. The World War II interrupted her brilliant career. She found herself in the Warsaw Insurrection and had been through all the horrors of concentration camps of both German and Russian types. Her husband, a Polish prince with a Cambridge University degree, was kid­ napped and murdered by the Russians in West Germany less than a year after the close of the war. She prefers to keep silent about the horrors of war that wiped out most of her family. In 1948 she managed to And her way to Canada with her mother, has slowly regained her health, became a Canadian citizen, and is now trying to piece together the pattern of her European musical career that was shattered by the war. Clifford Balshaw at the Piano Plaisir d’Amour .................... Martini Allehijah from the Messiah Mozart Les Filles de Cadiz ?.........................Delibes Bell Song from Lakme ......................... Delibes Heiden Roeslein ...................................Schubert Adele^s Laughing Song from Fledermaus Strauss INTERMISSION La Traviata, Act II La Serenata Verdi ________________ Tosti When I Have Sung My Songs to You Romance So Deep is the Night . Charles Romberg > .....Chopin Johnny ------------------------- ----------- Niewiadomski �Mickiewlcz" Centennial THE WOMEN’S CLUB FOR THE POL AT WILKES COLLEGE PRESENTS THE WOMEN’S CLUB FOR THE POLISH ROOM AT WILKES COLLEGE PRESENTS THE FOREFATHERS (Dziady) A Dramatic Poem by MICKIEWICZ Directed by ALFRED S. GROH Observance In This City No nation is without its heroes and: its patriots, its poets and playwrights.' Poland is fortunate to have in Adam Mickiewicz the inspired combination of' patriot, poet, and playwright whose; a century ago is being com-1 rated this year by Americans of extraction. "ted with poetic vision and touched “ plight of. his people oppressed tyrannical rule, Mickiewicz, an tiding figure in world literature, ted his life to the cause of freeEven after 100 years his words like prophecies that foretell the > f the oppressor. Like Byron,1 he admired, and Emerson, who s contemporary, this patriotic eaks in the language of free men rere. Without the voice of the eedom dies on the lips of those / her name and languishes in rts of those dedicated to her Lighting by Ronald Price Sound — Courtesy Mr. George Jones COLLEGE GYMNASIUM , OCTOBER 22, 1955 . WILKES ( SATURDAY, CAST PART I Mrs. Joseph Drapiewski Jane Obitz Joseph Mirmak Stanley Delescavage ....................... Ben Cook James Jones Raymond Krakoski Prologue Narrator First Prisoner Second Prisoner Konrad Devil Father Peter intermission PART II Leon Wazeter, Sr. Sam Barnard ......... Joseph Oliver Charles Robbins ...Basia Mieszkowski Jean Machonis Mrs. Millard Glowacki Doctor Senator Novosiltsev Baykov Pelik-m Pani Rollison. Pani Kmita... Young LadyDancers Dr. and Mrs. Joseph Falchek, Sandy Stapinski, Edmond Guido, Mrs. Joseph Piekarski, James Sura COMMITTEES General Chairman — Mrs. Alex Kresge Co-Chairman — Mrs. Edward Makowski Costumes — Mrs. A. Wallace, Mrs. Joseph Mieszkowski Tickets — Mrs. Thaddeus Nowinski, Mrs. Edward Nork Coiffures — Mrs. Viola Schwartz ! iewicz, (1798-1855) once de­ ls the muse of freedom, worked liberation of his native land at ’hen conditions were not unlike Isting today. His. beloved coununder the rule of foreign in and it was his voice that 'd above all others, exhorting oles to carry on despite the understandable why poems of alism and human solidarity m his pen. His poetry brims ust and impetuous optimism. Potato,” written in 1819, he lofty rhetorical style about as the abode of freedom and s current role in restoring Europe. munity is fortunate in being ■ presentation of Mickiewicz’s a Forefathers), dramatizing conflict between good and nguished cast of community perform in costumes of the )d at the Wilkes College on October 22 under the of Wilkes College Polish d by Miss Mary Koons and Kocyan. It is significant in that the play cuts across undaries to remind us the ird to freedom is the strong ipport of all citizens. �THE WOMEN’S CLUB FOR THE POLISH ROOM AT WILKES COLLEGE PRESENTS THE FOREFATHERS (Dziady) A Dramatic Poem by ADAM MICKIEWICZ Directed by ALFRED S. GROH Lighting by Ronald Price Sound — Courtesy Mr. George Jones SATURDAY, OCTOBER 22, 1955 . WILKES COLLEGE GYMNASIUM CAST PART I Prologue Narrator First Prisoner Second Prisoner Konrad Devil Father Peter Mrs. Joseph Drapiewski Jane Obitz Joseph Mirmak :...........................Stanley Delescavage Ben Cook James Jones Raymond Krakoski INTERMISSION PART II Doctor Senator Novosiltsev Baykov , Pelikan Pani Rollison Pani Kmita Young Lady Dancers ...... ..................... Leon Wazeter, Sr. ................................. Sam Barnard Joseph Oliver Charles Robbins Basia Mieszkowski ............................. Jean Machonis Mrs. Millard Glowacki Dr. and Mrs. Joseph Falchek, Sandy Stapinski, Edmond Guido, Mrs. Joseph Piekarski, James Sura COMMITTEES General Chairman — Mrs. Alex Kresge Co-Chairman — Mrs. Edward Makowski Costumes — Mrs. A. Wallace, Mrs. Joseph Mieszkowski Tickets — Mrs. Thaddeus Nowinski, Mrs. Edward Nork Coiffures — Mrs. Viola Schwartz Our special thanks to Mr. William Jervis, Mr. William Carter and their respective crews, and to the Wilkes College Public Relations Office for their cooperation in the production of the play. Costumes, courtesy of Vera Richter Watkins of Williamsport. ADAM MICKIEWICZ (1798-1855) The words of the poet are symbolic of man’s adventures into the soul. They testify to his endless quest for truth in a universe he con­ tinually explores and extends. When the truth is reached, a new truth waits to be discovered. The world of the poet is a moral world and in imperishable words he speaks the language of free men everywhere. The Forefathers presents us with such a world. In Adam Mickiewicz, Poland found her voice. Alfreds. Groh �Mickiewic^^enteh nia[ Observance In ThkJjty No nation is without its heroes and its patriots, its poets and playwrights. Poland is fortunate to have in Adam Mickiewicz the inspired combination of patriot, poet, and playwright whose death a century ago is being com­ memorated this year by Americans of Polish extraction. Gifted with poetic vision and touched by the plight of his people oppressed under tyrannical rule, Mickiewicz, an outstanding figure in world literature, dedicated his life to the cause of free­ dom. Even after 100 years his words appear like prophecies that foretell the fate of the oppressor. Like Byron, whom he admired, and Emerson, who was his contemporary, this patriotic bard speaks in the language of free men everywhere. Without the voice of the poet, freedom dies on the lips of those who cry her name and languishes in the hearts of those dedicated to her survival. ’ Mickiewicz, (1798-1855) once de­ scribed as the muse of freedom, worked for the liberation of his native land at a time when conditions were not unlike those existing today. His. beloved coun­ try was under the rule of foreign oppression and it was his voice that was heard above all others, exhorting fellow Poles to carry on despite the odds. It is understandable why poems of lofty idealism and human solidarity came from his pen. His poetry brims with robust and impetuous optimism. In “The Potato,” written in 1819, he spoke in lofty rhetorical style about America as the abode of freedom and predicted its current role in restoring freedom to Europe. Our community is fortunate in being able to see a presentation of Mickiewicz’s Dziady (The Forefathers), dramatizing the eternal conflict between good and evil. A distinguished cast of community actors will perform in costumes of the play’s period at the Wilkes College gymnasium on October 22 under the sponsorship of Wilkes College Polish Club, headed by Miss Mary Koons and Mrs. Joseph Kocyan. It is significant in our times that the play cuts across national boundaries to remind us the best safeguard to freedom is the strong and vital support of all citizens. �ehniaj Mickiewicz _____ Observance In This City No nation is without its heroes and its patriots, its poets and playwrights. Poland is fortunate to have in Adam Mickiewicz the inspired combination of I patriot, poet, and playwright whose death a century ago is being com­ memorated this year by Americans of Polish extraction. Gifted with poetic vision and touched by the plight of .his people oppressed under tyrannical rule, Mickiewicz, an outstanding figure in world literature, dedicated his life to the cause of free­ dom. Even after 100 years his words appear like prophecies that foretell the fate of the oppressor. Like Byron, whom he admired, and Emerson, who was his contemporary, this patriotic bard speaks in the language of free men everywhere. Without the voice of the poet, freedom dies on the lips of those who cry her name and languishes in the hearts of those dedicated to her survival. Mickiewicz, (1798-1855) once de­ scribed as the muse of freedom, worked I for the liberation of his native land at a time when conditions were not unlike those existing today. His. beloved coun­ try was under the rule of foreign oppression and it was his voice that was heard above all others, exhorting fellow Poles to carry on despite the odds. It is understandable why poems of lofty idealism and human solidarity came from his pen. His poetry brims with robust and impetuous optimism. In “The Potato,” written in 1819, he spoke in lofty rhetorical style about America as the abode of freedom and predicted its current role in restoring freedom to Europe. Our community is fortunate in being able to see a presentation of Mickiewicz’s Dziady (The Forefathers), dramatizing’ the eternal conflict between good and evil. A distinguished cast of community actors will perform in costumes of the play’s period at the Wilkes College gymnasium on October 22 under the sponsorship of Wilkes College Polish Club, headed by Miss Mary Koons and Mrs. Joseph Kocyan. It is significant in our times that the play cuts across national boundaries to remind us the best safeguard to freedom is the strong and vital support of all citizens. �THE WOMEN’S CLUB FOR THE POLISH ROOM AT WILKES COLLEGE PRESENTS THE FOREFATHERS (Dziady) A Dramatic Poem by ADAM MICKIEWICZ Directed by ALFRED S. GROH Lighting by Ronald Price Sound — Courtesy Mr. George Jones SATURDAY, OCTOBER 22, 1955 . WILKES COLLEGE GYMNASIUM O' CJ CAST 'jr PART I Prologue Narrator First Prisoner Second Prisoner Konrad Devil Father Peter Mrs. Joseph Drapiewski ..................... Jane Obitz ............. Joseph Mirmak Stanley Delescavage ......................Ben Cook ................... James Jones .......Raymond Krakoski INTERMISSION U' C* Q L) 0 o.| PART II Doctor Senator Novosiltsev Baykov Pelikin................... Pani Rollison Pani Kmita Young Lady Dancers ........... ................................. Leon Wazeter, Sr. Sam Barnard ..................................................... Joseph Oliver .’.................................... Charles Robbins ............................................. Basia Mieszkowski ................................................... Jean Machonis .....................................Mrs. Millard Glowacki Gt ’..... Dr. and Mrs. Joseph Falchek, Sandy Stapinski, Edmond Guido, Mrs. Joseph Piekarski, James Sura COMMITTEES General Chairman — Mrs. Alex Kresge Co-Chairman — Mrs. Edward Makowski Costumes — Mrs. A. Wallace, Mrs. Joseph Mieszkowski Tickers — Mrs. Thaddeus Nowinski, Mrs. Edward Nork ■ Coiffures — Mrs. Viola Schwartz Ci o Lt Our special thanks to Mr. William Jervis, Mr. William Carter • and their respective crews, and to the Wilkes College Public Relations Office for their cooperation in the production of the play. Costumes, courtesy of Vera Richter Watkins of Williamsoorr. (V �7^ Wdku Colktje Ttywdtutt o(j 'Muw IN COOPERATION WITH THE WOMEN’S COMMITTEE FOR THE POLISH ROOM AT WILKES COLLEGE PRESENTS ADAM KAPUSCINSKI OUTSTANDING CONCERT PIANIST '7'W(]WM Sonata in E flat Maj Haydn Allegro Adagio Presto Chaconne for the left hand alone Bach-Brahms Three Mazurkas Chopin a. F sharp min. op. 6; F min. op. 63; F min. op. 7 b. Scherzo No. 1 in B min. INTERMISSION Arabesques Schumann Funerailles ......................................................................... Liszt a. The Girl with the Flaxen Hair Debussy b. Etude No. 77 (Pour les arpeges composes) Two Spanish Dances Granados Variations On Theme by Paganini Kapuscinski WEDNESDAY, OCTOBER 18, 1961 8:00 P. M. WILKES COLLEGE GYMNASIUM LBI. �M 1II.IIBIT I.(FAMOUS ARTIST WILL SHOW PAINTINGS l«E Glffl c I c Show And Lectures Friday^ At Osterhout O <J '■ c Osterhout Library Annex will,announces there will be twoiPoland, jruacww,and ----- the Sorbo onnt, ■’ Art Gal-1 showings. Afternoon one for chil- France. Her paintings are jrepre­ ~rterhout Liorary «w>v.. — sented in well-known museums usi. the n,c evening! evening I mu 1ilery be transformed into anNIiss ArtIrene Gal- showings, A!-_ on Friday when dren opens at 4‘ — while of both countries. Of the many aren upoc . (Lorentowicz, famous New York presentation is ic at 8. g prizes she has received, the fol­ I Two features will highlight the lowing are noteworthy: first artist displays her paintings and towicz wm n session.___Miss Loren-1 prize, Academic of Fine Arts, [drawings to the public without afternoon session. _ ill draw designs to illus- Warsaw; first, Warsaw Salon; trate books and will also demoncharge. Included in her art ex- tow’icz will draw c Christmas first, Grand Paris Opera for Bal; are 150 oil paintings, water LTd-Le * ’----------» - — ■ations. Special invitation let Sets; Gold Medal, Paris Inter­ ----- rs and drawings, and book strate the niakine ot extended Special to Girl Scouts as national Exhibition, 1937. decorations. 'color ustrations. t' __ illustrations. other school children to In America she is best known Art show and illustrated lec- was afiomoon showing asjfor her church murals and chil­ is being sponsored by Wilkes Well as Uother scnooi VlUlUAtl* lege Polish Room Committee, attend the afternoon showing as jdren’s book illustrations. Out­ I ture is ucui& ---------;. Edward Nork, chairman, jliss Lorentowicz, who was a ,standing among her book illus­ [College Polish Room Girl Guide in Poland, will tell trations are the following: “Nine Mrs. Mnrk. about long excursions she made Cry Baby Dolls,” an honor book­ through the forests there. Hav­ in New York Herald Tribune's ing taught Bernadine nuns at Spring Festival: “The Hand in Reading. Miss Lorentowicz would the Picture,” a Junior Guild Se­ like to greet them also. lection; and “Tales of Faraway Miss Lorentowicz studied art at. Folk,” a Book of the Year, the Academy of Fine Arts and, 1954-55.________ ,____________ • y the Institute of ,the Theater, 431 Si o■ Dn G ■ O ' O n o CT Q CT I a CT i a O o hi i c O L 9 U Pc Ish Room Co.unn.Htee Feted o ■ I 4J Miss Irene Lorentowicz, above, noted New York artist, will dis­ play her paintings and drawings on Friday in Osterhout Library Annex. Included in her exhibit are 150 oil paintings, water col'ors. drawings and book illustra- tfons chairman, ings will be____ held. The afternoon exhibit for children is at 4 while .the evening presentation for I ■ adults at 8 p.will m. highlight the Two is features afternoon session. Miss Lorentowicz will draw designs to illus­ trate books and will also demon­ strate the making of Christmas decorations. Special invitation was extended to Girl Scouts as well as other school children to attend the afternoon showing as Miss Lorentowicz. who was a Girl Guide in Poland, will tell (about long excursions she made through the forests there. ! Miss Lorentowicz studied art lat the Academy of Fine Arts and the Institute of the Theater, Po­ land. and the Sorbonne, France. Her paintings are represented in well-known museums of both .countries. Of the many prizes [she has received, the following are noteworthy: first prize, \Academic of Fine Arts, Warsaw: ’first, Warsaw Salon: first. Grand (Paris Opera for Ballet Sets: Gold i Medal, Paris International Ex- Ihibit’on, 1937, Members of the Women's Com- ities. Miss Miss Nell Wojnarski; cohe Polish Room of -chairmen. Mrs. Vincent Znaniecki party^esterday'lt !®nd Mrs’ Mlchael Weiss’- registramittee for . Wilkes Co . party were enteriameu, T . *.* ,' n at * chairman, <’ ■ " m -Lak ■*e yesterday residence Txat!®. oi Miss Casimir Tythea Hgard p of; tian , burski, Mrs. Edward Nork, Mrs. Mrst ' ' Tyhurski. T'vhurski. The comcom-jburski, mitt ” ----- rKannilowicz, c«wiilnwiez. Mrs. Jowill act as host club for|Norman convention ior~The;sep]’ Skuzinski, Miss Lucia Smith “ " niii-land Mrs. Stefan Hellersperk. Gif' American Coti al convention ncltTrf sh ^Qul-jand Mrs. . Stefanchairman, Henerspem. . TTlFhlnation Clubs~Tb be"heldPoli at101 Wil kes; Decorations Decorations chairman, Mrs.) Mrs. chair-j College, August 4-9, At yesler--(Joseph Joseph Piszczek; reception chair-! day’s meeting committee chair- man, Mi ” a .ticc| Joseph Kocyan, Miss . Koons. Miss Mary Glomen for the convention were ap-iMafy ’ ’ ’ ki. Mrs. Edward Makowski; pointed. ’ —. ,wack freshments chairman, Mrs. Hostesses at yesterday’alac/vns affair,!!Slanley Dombroski, Mrs. Richv re: Mrs. Thadc|eus — Stcfanski. Mrs. Alex Kresge, Thadieus Sal', Missjard •■■■-. Joseph|Mrs. Joseph Dysleski. Mrs. Frank ski, Mrs. Joseph Russin, A.me Mushinski. ••'MrDaniel Or-ISirojny, and Mrs. Emil Suda; !tickets chairman. Miss Anne GroO’Karma. and Mrs, »ointed arfcilsek; tea tables, Mrs. J eph Lesma nowski. oblewski. Committees appi->! social acuv-lter and Mrs. Casimir General chairman e A 9 Ct a CT 9 M CT a> O 0 CT | CT I <3 Qi nJ 11 j nil ADAM MICKIEWICZ (1798-1855) The words of rhe poet are symbolic of man’s adventures into the soul. They testify to his endless quest for truth in a universe he con­ tinually explores and extends. When the truth is reached, a new truth waits to be discovered. The world of the poet is a moral world and in imperishable words he speaks the language of free men everywhere. The Forefathers presents us with such a world. In Adam Mickiewicz, Poland found hdr voice. 4 a •a u o u Alfred S. Groh n I �SUNDAY 1978 wntinues Some of the principals involved in the Holiday Fair are pictured (left photo) in the court house’s south wing, which has become a gallery of international displays this weekend Background of the photo is the huge tree decorated with traditional handmade ornaments of Poland by the Wilkes College Polish Room Committee. From left in the photo are: Clifford W. Bigelow, chairman of the Luzerne County Tourist Promotion Agency which is the Fair sponsor; Mrs. Jule Znaniecki, president of the Polish Room Committee; Marino' Simonetti, Fair general chairman and Helen Zaleski, cochairman of the Fair. Special events chairperson is Mrs. Margaret Weisgable and entertainment chairperson is Mary Migatulski.-------------- - -------------------- ------------------------ . *---------------------------In adadion to performing groups, international Winter holiday traditions are interpreted at special exhibits set up by the region’s ethnic and nationality groups. Special demonstrations by groups such as the Cocaluschu Craftsmen show the mak­ ing ot ornaments from wheat, straw and other materials. ................... The taste of hospitality was added to the festive Holiday Fair by District Attorney Chester Muroski with the offering of traditional holidav beverages to court house visitors on Friday evening. Pictured in right photo serving holiday punch is Mrs. Vincent Drapiewski with County Budget Director Paul Maher look­ ing on To the right of Mrs. Drapiewski is Muroski, Mrs. Muroski and at the egg nog bowl, Bettye Jo Dunbar. The power and majesty of the ancient holiday anthems The served as well as the traditional beauty and humor of the contemporary Christmas carols' The fruit and cookie decorated tree languages of Lithuania, Poland, Ukraine, Slovakia, Spain, France of the Slovak community. The Germany, Russia, and the United States raised in joyous’celebra- festive customs of Italy and the handmade geometric paper dec­ bration. These are the sounds^_______ _____ ____ vhich await the visitor to the"' orations of Lithuania await the burth annual Luzerne County the traditional custom of “break- visitor to the Fair. Celebration ‘Holiday Fair” being held at the ing the ’pinata” (a papier mache of Hanukkah is portrayed by the Luzerne County Court House figure filled with candies). Jewish Community. The beautitoday. From 1 p.m. to 5 p.m.,Power and glory will be found, tie rotunda and graceful marble in the presentation of the Slovak' fuI bnen and glass of the Emerstairway will serve as the stage Heritage Society under the di- i aid Isle - is exhibited along with {or several local church choirs[rection of Trudy Check. Thef the handsome decorations of the an(jperforming groups who will;Entertainment Program of thelj: German holiday scene. A Christauu r -«*<« the the three-day three-dav fair fair. (Holiday Fair will come to a I mas tree decorated with . hand climax J close at 5 p.m. with a rich and made Polish ornaments and an Beginning at j ’ [ varied program by the PennWiles-Barre PoIka [ sylvania Balalaika Orchestra, “Offering Tree” of the Seventh’ execute a variety of traditional. Chorus, and Dancers. This Day Adventist Church complete Slanc dancesasofthe theever holiday sea-. group, directed by Steve Rudaw- the Exhibit Hall offerings. popular . ski, hast become a traditional Begun in 1975, the County po^ Dereks. The holi-l favorite of the thousands who Holiday Fair is sponsored by the | day anthems of Ukraine will!have visited the Holiday Fair 1 nf 7^1r-ted by the each year. Luzerne County Tourist Promomember of ^ S Vladimir’s Visitors to the Fair, which , tion Agency in cooperation with ykrai^ Catholic Choir. Ko- opened on Friday with the cere- ithe ethnic communities of Lu®ndy> the Carols of Poland, will mon’ial lighting'of the County' zerne County. Many of the indiv.r.'lgae the off 1er!ngRoom of. the Wilkes — ---- Tree, „,m alert kaxral Polish Chorus at! Christmas will also have. viduals participating in the Fair an opportunity to wander | are also represented in the an­ I ^aby ierSrnmh t^f V01C ™/ sic be I through a veritable international nual Luzerne County Folk Fes­ S wiu °f the Winter wonderland in the south Oan Combined Church [wing of the Main Rotunda. Ex­ tival held in September at the M Wyoming Valley under hibits by fifteen local individuals 109th F. A. Armory. Admission I 0 Vaclovasl and organizations afford the to the Holiday Fir is free. : the ltfany of the trad'i- wanderer a look at the celebra­ I ' contemporary carols tion of the Winter holidays of I ’ I presented many nations. Hand woven I : .Chorus at 31 wheat ornaments decorate the I nf the ChristI beJontinued in Christmas tree of the CoaclusI P , tbe New chu Craftsmen at the entrance to the exhibit hall. Hand painted I 5il$erS- A truly ornaments and the rich and in­ ■ !f|b f5® Trench, tricate patterns of Ukrainian 9 Chorus ofI embroidery are on display. Beau­ tiful and solemn Christmas on with customs of Russia can be ob- VS �THE WOMEN'S COMMITTEE FOR THE POLISH ROOM AT WILKES COLLEGE presents . . . . Fashions inEistory , BRIDAL SCENE - 1885 First Bride .......... 1 Dresser .. 2... > Mother of Brides ........................... Second Bride ....................... Miss Marcy Sedor ... Mrs. S. Horbaczewski ... . Miss Anne Mushinski Mrs. Richard Struzewski SPORTS SCENE - 1885 Tennis .............................. .... J Bathing Machine ......... ....................................... Miss Jule Znaniecki Mrs. Viola Schwartz, Dr. Joseph Ziemba > TRAVEL - 1889 — Model ............................ 1 1 Ukraine Slovak - Polish Italian written by Greek Lebanese MRS. STEFAN HELLERSPERK Lithuania directed by Mrs. Vincent Znaniecki and Mrs. Stefan Hellersperk under the supervision of MR. ALFRED GROH Music by MRS. MARY BOLESTA ............. Miss Rita Hudak 1890 — EUROPEAN NEWCOMERS: -............. Miss Elaine Buchinski, Miss Pearl Cirko, Miss Steffie Konnick, Mr. Michael Oresick ---- ------------ Miss Helen Ancin, Miss Josephine Drugach, Miss Dolores Kwasnak, Mrs. Paul R. Selecky ------------------- Mrs. John Wojcik, Miss Phyllis Szymanski, Miss Susan J. Laughlin, Mr. Joseph Szymanski — Mrs. Michael Clark, Mrs. Michael Degillio, Miss Rosemary Montone, Miss Anne O’Bici .......... ............. Miss Mary Stathakis, Mr. James Karambelas --------------------- Miss Mary M. Ellis, Mrs. Michael Kormos, Mrs. Leonard Valenti -.... Mrs. John Bayoras, Mrs. Barbara Butcofski, Mrs. Adele Chepanonis, Miss Alice Grisconis, Jerry Kizis, Mrs. Bronis Kaslas, Miss Mary Zarecki THE GAY NINETIES — 1890-1900 1891 — Wasp Waist Tea Gown . ........... 1892 — Winged_Sleeve . 1895 — Melon^Sleeve — Suit .... Evening Fashion 1898 — Beige and Black Mode Suit Gown ......................... 1900 — Princess Fashion Mrs. Alex Gasowski ___ Miss Marilyn Rushin ...... Mrs. Edward Pawlak Miss Hetty Horbaczewski __ __ Miss Barbara Aszuk ... Mrs. Joseph Pisczek Mrs. Albert Rostalski Mrs. Edward Williams TWENTIETH CENTURY FASHIONS 1901 — Two Fashions ........ Mrs. George Kocyan, Jr., Mrs. Edward Nork 1903 — Suit . ________ Mrs. Stanley Dombroski - 1904 — Duster Mrs. Anthony Wallace .-1996 — Gibson Girl .................................. Mrs. John Laughlin 1907 — The Elegant Look Miss Vera Davis, Mrs. Edward B. Wicks 1908 — Merry Widow .... — Mrs. Viola Schwartz WORLD WAR I 1917 — Bride Officer .. Mother — .......................... — ____ Mrs. Bernard Hudak Mr. Edmund Kotula Mrs. Joseph Aszuk . Mrs. Alex Gasowski, Mrs. John Drapiewski, Miss Anne Mushinski Miss Theresa Cardone, Mr. Jack Oldfield, Mrs. Stephen Jonas, Jr., Mr. Robert Rodham -.......................... Helen Dunbar < - Suffrage — 1918 Flapper Period — 1925 Miss AnthraCite CONCLUSION — -this IS WILKES-BARRE1 Black Diatnonj MAY 17, 1956 — 8:40 P. M. Wilkes College Gymnasium - - -.................... Miss Marvie Nadwodney Miss Sesqui-Centennial �ACKNOWLEDGEMENT COMMITTEE To all those who have so generously contributed, or advised or loaned their authentic costumes many of which are family heirlooms, the committee extends its appreciation and thanks. General Chairman — Mrs. Joseph J. Kocyan Co-Chairman — Mrs. Edward Nork COSTUMES — Mrs- Albert Cooper, Chairman Mrs. Anthony Wallace, Co-chairman, Miss Jule Prisbeck PROPERTIES Mrs- John Laughlin, Chairman Miss Nell Wojnarski, Co-chairman, Mrs. Richard Stefanski, Mrs. Joseph Skuzinski WARDROBE —----------------------------- Miss Wanda Zawatski Miss Theodosia Trotski, Miss Genevieve Norbert HAIR STYLES ------ ----------------------------------------------------------- Mrs. Clem Schwartz LIGHTING TECHNICIAN ----------------------- ------------------- --------- Mr. Joseph Oliver MAKE UP Mr. James Miller PATRONS Mrs. Joseph Piekarski, Chairman Mrs. Edward Kopicki, Co-chairman, Mrs. Alex Kresge, Mrs. Chester Urbanski, Mrs. Norman Karmilowicz TICKETS Mrs. Emil Suda, Chairman Mrs. Stanley Dombrowski, Co-chairman, Mrs. Edward Makowski Mrs. Alex Seleski, Mrs. Joseph Rushin, Mrs. John Kopicki PROGRAM _______ __ Mrs. Joseph Piekarski, Mrs. Emil Suda ........... Miss Anne Grosek ■pTT'pT Tz-iTrnv Mr. Albert G. Albert Mr. Raymond Aschoff Mrs. William Badwick Mr. George Bevan Mr. & Mrs. Raymon Bevan Mr. & Mrs. William F. Branigan Ladies Bavarian Society Bradford Beauty Academy Miss Mary E. Cooper Mrs. Louis Conrad Cambrian Society Mrs. F. G. Darte Miss Frances Dorrance Mr. & Mrs. Joseph DeVizia Mr. & Mrs. George Dunbar Rev. David El-Mouallen Mrs. Daniel J. F. Flood Mrs. Anthony Grosek, Jr. Mr. & Mrs. Walter Gregory Mrs. Catherine Harkins Mrs. Norman Hoffman Mrs. Fred W. Heyer Dr. & Mrs. Bronis Kaslaus Mrs. Lee Kitchen Mrs. Wesley J. Knorr Mrs. Stanley Kocian Mrs. Alfred LeVie Mr. & Mrs. Joseph Lester Greater Luzerne County Hairdressers and Cosmetologists Association Mr. & Mrs. James Magee Mr. & Mrs. Harry Magee Mr. Edward Mattern Mr. John Mattern Mr. & Mrs. Bernard McHugh Miss Anne O’Bici Mr. Joseph O’Malia Miss Dorothy Ray Mrs. Philip M. Reilly Mrs. Tracy Roberts Mrs. Russell Ruduski Mrs. Leon H. Soult Mrs. Samuel Stathakis Mrs. Myfawny Williams Wyoming Historical and Geological Society Mrs. Jesse Arndt Anthracite Institute Broody Floral Shop Boston Store , Misses Mary & Janet Chamberlain Chamber of Commerce Mrs. Earl Cole Mrs. Campbell Collins Mrs. Chester Derr Daughters of American Revolution Mrs. W. Lance Mrs. Reginald Ellis Mrs. William Everette Miss Annette Evans Mrs. George Fenner Miss Laura Fritz Polish Womens Alliance Girl Scouts Miss Mary Glowacki Mrs. C. C. Groblewski Mrs. Charles Hensley The Hub Store Mrs. Ernestine Kaehlin Mrs. George Kocyan, Jr. Leader Store of Plymouth Mrs. Charles Miner Mrs. Edward Makowski Mr. Norman Patton Mrs. Roscoe Spenser Mrs. Walter Samuels Mrs. Searfoss Mr. Michael Shikey Mrs. Stanley Stapinski Mrs. Richard Stefanski Miss Adelia Stevens Mrs. W. Thompson Mrs. A. Tompkins Miss Casimara Tyburski Mrs. Edward Welles Mrs. Edward Williams Wyoming Valley Gun Shop Mrs. Chestei- Zimolzak Mrs. Lyall Severance Mrs. Charles Stelle Mrs. Hugh Smith Miss Loretta Weis ~ USHERS Miss Lavon Albert Miss Catherine Stathakis Miss Phillys Degillio Mrs. Dennis Zeveney Miss Gladys Miller Miss Barbara Wanchisen Mrs. Joseph Mikalosko Our special thanks to Mr. William Jervis, Mr. William Carter and their respective crews for their cooperation in the production of this pageant. The costumes are through the courtesy of Vera Richter Watkins of Williams­ port, Van Horn and Sons of Philadelphia, and Mrs. May of Wilkes-Barre. �PATRONS — Judge & Mi's. J. J. Aponick Mr. Dr. Mr. Dr. Mr. Harry Butkiewicz & Mrs. Albert Cooper & Mrs. John Cresko & Mrs. C. C. Groblewski &• Mrs. Stefan Hellersperk Mr. & Mrs. Adam Hozempa Dr. & Mrs. J. J. Kocyan Miss Mary Koons Mr. & Mrs. Al J. Kopicki Mr. & Mrs. Edward Kopicki Mr. & Mrs. John Kopicki Mr. & Mrs. Alexander Kresge Mr. & Mrs. Joseph Lester E. C. Mazanowski, Drugs and Prescriptions Mr. & Mrs. Anthony Margavitcz Mr. & Mrs. Paul Mikita Orange Dairy, Dallas, Pa. Mr. & Mrs. Edward Pawlak Polish Alliance, Plymouth, Pa. Mr. & Mrs. Joseph Piszczek Drs. Joseph & Halina Rushin Mr. & Mrs. J. B. Rutkowski Mr. & Mrs. Alexander Seleski Mr. & Mrs. Leonard Seleski Mr. & Mrs. J. B. Stetz Mr. Mr. Mr. Mr. & & & & Mrs. Richard Stefanski Mrs. Frank Strojny Mrs. Walter Songaila Mrs. Adam Yankowski ----- SPONSORS Dr. & Mrs. J. C. Aszuk Mr. & Mrs. Frank Boguszewski Mrs. Edward Chopper & Sons Dr. & Mrs. Stanley Dombrowski Dr. & Mrs. John Drapiewski Dr. & Mrs. Joseph Drapiewski Dr. & Mrs. Leo Filar Mr. & Mrs. Alexander Gasowski Mr. & Mrs. Ludwig Glowacki Miss Ann Grosek Mr. & Mrs. Anthony Grosek Mr. & Mrs. Julius Haebick Mr. & Mrs. John Harkins Dr. & Mrs. S. L. Hudacek Atty. & Mrs. Peter Kanjorski Dr. & Mrs. Norman Karmilowicz Louise Keefe Beauty Studio Dr. & Mrs. Edward Kielar Leona & John Klocko Mr. & Mrs. George Kocyan, Sr. Mr. & Mrs. George Kocyan, Jr. Atty. & Mrs. A. J. Laffey Mrs. Frank Lukesh Mr. & Mrs. Matthew Lesko Lotte & Leo Crystal Bottling Works Dr. Edward Makowski Dr. & Mrs. B. J. Milewski Miss Ann Mushinski Miss Genevieve Norbert Mr. & Mrs. Edward Nork Dr. & Mrs. T. S. Novinski Mr. & Mrs. Walter Pawlowski Mrs. Mary Peters Dr. & Mrs. J. W. Piekarski Mrs. Victoria Pietkiewicz Mr. & Mrs. George Ruckno Dr. & Mrs. T. A. Salaczynski Mr. & Mrs. Clem Schwartz Mr. & Mrs. Narcy Stapinski Dr. & Mrs. Stanley Stapinski Mr. & Mrs. Emil Suda Mr. & Mrs. Stanley Suseck Miss Josephine Stooks Miss Theodosia Trotzski Dr. & Mrs. Daniel Urbanus Mr. & Mrs. Chester Urbanski Miss Sophie Vnuknowski Mr. & Mrs. Michael Weiss Mr. & Mrs. John Wojcik Miss Nell Wojnarski Miss Delphine Wysocki Miss Wanda Zawadzski Mr. & Mrs. Dennis Zeveney Mr. & Mrs. Vincent Znaniecki Mi’. & Mrs. Stanley Zyckowski . PROLOGUE. Mrs. Joseph Drapiewski, Miss Charlotte Loid. Miss Basia Mieskowski COMMENTATORS INDIAN SCENE — Indian Squaw Indian Children Indian — ........ ’ '................................. Miss Jule Znaniecki ................. Miss Nini Znaniecki, Master Albert F. Cooper Mr. John Alden, Mr. Dick Banta SETTLER SCENE — 1772 Men Mr. James Ward, Mr. Andrew Mamary, Mr. Arthur Hoover Women------- Mrs. Joseph Aszuk, Mrs. Alex Gasowski, Mrs. Michael Weiss, Miss Jule Prisbek, Mrs. Alexandra Wallace, Mrs. Richard Struzewski ASYLUM SCENE — 1793 Frenchwomen Frenchmen ............. Mrs. John Drapiewski, Mrs. John Kopicki Mr. Joseph Szymanski, Mr. Dennis Zeveney, Jr. PROGRAM FELL SCENE — 1806 Women . ............. Mrs. Thaddeus Salaczynski, Mrs. Edward Pawlak Men Mr. Paul Selecky, Mr. Albert G. Albert QUILTING SCENE — 1820 Welsh _... Mrs. Thelma L. Davis, Mrs. Anna A. Jones, Mrs. J. Irish _______________________ Mrs. Karen Valley Women . Mrs. Norman Karmilowicz, Mrs. Edward Mrs. Edward Nork, Mrs. W. FASHION OF 1830 — Day Fashion Evening Fashion Richards Branigan Williams, Filipczyk ..................................... Mrs. Joseph Skuzinski ............... ....... .................... Mrs. William Todd THE BASQUE BECOMES A FASHION — 1848 Mrs. Hugo Anstett, Mrs. Louis Conrad . ............ ......... Miss Maria Koenig, Miss Lillian Loefele German Welsh ................ Miss Ella Ray Bevan, Mrs. Raymond L. Bevan, Mrs. Raymond Bromfield, Mrs. Edward V. Davis, Miss Harriet Howell, Mrs. George Harrison, Mrs. Ralph Morgan, Mrs. John Withey Irish Mrs. William Branigan, Miss Dorothy Smith, Mis Anne Smith Model 1856 — THE CRINOLINE Mrs. Emil Suda Mrs. Stephen Jonas, Mr. Tad Cheshelski 1861 — CIVIL WAR STATION SCENE Women Mrs. Edward Welles, Miss Nell Wojnarski, Mrs. Stephen Jonas, Jr. Gentleman . ...... —....................... „....... Mr. Leon Wazeter Civil War Soldiers Mr. Paul Kanjorski, Mr. Larry Choper, Mr. Charles Montgomery, Jr., Mr. Dennis Zeveney, Jr. THE MODE OF THE BUSTLE — 1870 Model ... ..................... Mrs. Stanley Dombroski r h . .i A.r/’n-c' '/J'co-J* THE POLONAISE — 1880 Day Fashion Evening Fashion . ............................... Miss Anne Grosek ....................................................................... Mrs. William Todd �§ § § § I t § § § § .PROLOGUE. COMMENTATORS Mrs. Joseph Drapiewski, Miss Charlotte Lord, Miss Basia Mieskowski INDIAN SCENE — Indian Squaw ............ Miss Jule Znaniecki Indian Children Miss Nini Znaniecki, Master Albert F. Cooper Indian -................................. Mr. John Alden, Mr. Dick Banta SETTLER SCENE — 1772 Men Mr. James Ward, Mr. Andrew Mamary, Mr. Arthur Hoover Women Mrs. Joseph Aszuk, Mrs. Alex Gasowski, Mrs. Michael Weiss, Miss Jule Prisbek, Mrs. Alexandra Wallace, Mrs. Richard Struzewski i BRIDAL SCENE •+ 1885 • First Bride f Dresser ■■ —Z \ Mother of Brides -------' Second Bride --------------------- ----S SPORTS SCENE - 1885 Tennis -- ------------------------- --? Bathing Machine _______ - .......... Miss Rita Fludak • 1890 - EUROPEAN NEWCOMERS: ’ Ukraine Slovak FASHION OF 1830 — Day Fashion Evening Fashion Italian Mrs. Thaddeus Salaczynski, Mrs. Edward Pawlak Mr. Paul Selecky, Mr. Albert G. Albert Greek Lebanese Richards Branigan Williams, Filipczyk ........... Mrs. Joseph Skuzinski _______________________________ Mrs. William Todd THE BASQUE BECOMES A FASHION — 1848 Mrs. Hugo Anstett, Mrs. Louis Conrad Miss Maria Koenig, Miss Lillian Loefele German Welsh . ....... Miss Ella Ray Bevan, Mrs. Raymond L. Bevan, Mrs. Raymond Bromfield, Mrs. Edward V. Davis, Miss Harriet Howell, Mrs. George Harrison, Mrs. Ralph Morgan, Mrs. John Withey Irish Mrs. William Branigan, Miss Dorothy Smith, Mis Anne Smith _......................................................... - Model 1856 THE CRINOLINE Mrs. Emil Suda ................... Mrs. Stephen Jonas, Mr. Tad Cheshelski 1861 — CIVIL WAR STATION SCENE Women -.................... Mrs. Edward Welles, Miss Nell Wojnarski, Mrs. Stephen Jonas, Jr. Gentleman Civil War Soldiers Polish PROGRAM QUILTING SCENE — 1820 Welsh . Mrs. Thelma L. Davis, Mrs. Anna A. Jones, Mrs. J. Irish -........................................... Mrs. Karen Valley Women Mrs. Norman Karmilowicz, Mrs. Edward Mrs. Edward Nork, Mrs. W. -............................................. Mr. Leon Wazeter Mr. Paul Kanjorski, Mr. Larry Chopcr, Mr. Charles Montgomery, Jr., Mr. Dennis Zeveney, Jr. - THE MODE OF THE BUSTLE — 1870 Model , , .A.., * ft*,. ja/ r? A THE POLONAISE — 1880 Day Fashion Evening Fashion Lithuania Miss Elaine Buchinski, Miss Pearl Cirko, Miss Steffie Konnick, Mr. Michael O resick ...... Miss Helen Ancin, Miss Josephine Drugach, Miss Dolores Kwasnak, Mrs. Paul R. Selecky Mrs jOhn Wojcik, Miss Phyllis Szymanski, Miss Susan J. Laughlin, Mr. Joseph Szymanski Mrs. Michael Clark, Mrs. Michael Degillio, Miss Rosemary Montone, Miss Anne O’Bici Miss Mary Stathakis, Mr. James Karambelas --------------------- Miss Mary M. Ellis, Mrs. Michael Kormos, Mrs. Leonard Valenti ~-----1~T~..... Mrs- John Bay°ras> Mrs. Barbara Butcofski, Mrs. Adele Chepanonis, Miss Alice Grisconis, Jerry Kizis, Mrs. Bronis Kaslas, Miss Mary Zarecki THE GAY NINETIES — 1890-1900 1891 — Wasp Waist __ Tea Gown 1892 — Winged ^Sleeve 1895 — Melon.>Sleeve — Suit Evening Fashion 1898 — Beige and Black Mode Suit Gown 1900 — Princess Fashion................ Mrs. Alex Gasowski Miss Marilyn Rushin Mrs. Edward Pawlak Miss Hetty Horbaczewski Miss Barbara Aszuk ..... Mrs. Joseph Pisczek - Mrs. Albert Rostalski . Mrs. Edward Williams TWENTIETH CENTURY FASHIONS 1901 — Two Fashions Mrs. George Kocyan, Jr., Mrs. Edward Nork i ---------------------------------------------------------- Mrs- stan]ey Dombroski inS ~ 2u-tcr -------------------- -------------------------------- Mrs. Anthony Wallace - lyjb — Gibson Girl -........................ Mrs. John Laughlin 1907 — The Elegant Look............... Miss Vera Davis, Mrs. Edward B. Wicks 1908 —- Merry Widow — Mrs. Viola Schwartz WORLD WAR I 1917 — Bride .._ Officer .. Mother ' - Suffrage — 1918 k Flapper Period — 1925 Mrs. Stanley Dombroski Miss Anthrone Miss Anne Grosek -......... Mrs. William Todd Miss Jule Znaniecki Mrs. Viola Schwartz, Dr. Joseph Ziemba !* TRAVEL - 1889 — Model ... ASYLUM SCENE — 1793 Frenchwomen _________ Mrs. John Drapiewski, Mrs. John Kopicki Frenchmen .......... Mr. Joseph Szymanski, Mr. Dennis Zeveney, Jr. FELL SCENE — 1806 Women Men Miss Marcy Sedor ... Mrs. S. Horbaczewski Miss Anne Mushinski Mrs. Richard Struzewski Mrs. Bernard Hudak ........................ Mr. Edmund Kotula —----------------------------------- Mrs. Joseph Aszuk . Mrs. Alex Gasowski, Mrs. John Drapiewski, Miss Anne Mushinski Miss Theresa Cardone, Mr. Jack Oldfield, Mrs. Stephen Jonas, Jr., Mr. Robert Rodham --------- ------- - ------- - CONCLUSION *THIS IS WILKES-BARRE” Black DUinOnd ........ ............. .............................. Helen Dunbar Miss Marvie Nadwodney Miss Sesqui-Centennial �ACKNOWLEDGEMENT thAir h&Ve S° ^enerously contributed, or advised or loaned J? mafy °f Which are family heirlooms, the committee extends its appieciation and thanks. Mr. Albert G. Albert Airs. Jesse Arndt Mr. Raymond Aschoff Anthracite Institute Mrs. William Badwick Broody Floral Shop Mr. George Bevan Boston Store , Mr. & Airs. Ra.ymon Bevan Misses Mary & Janet Chamberlain Mr. & Mrs. William F. Branigan Chamber of Commerce Ladies Bavarian Society Mrs. Earl Cole Bradford Beauty Academy Mrs. Campbell Collins Miss Alary E. Cooper Airs. Chester Derr Airs. Louis Conrad Daughters of American Revolution Cambrian Society Mrs. W. Lance Airs. F. G. Darte Mrs. Reginald Ellis Aliss Frances Dorrance Airs. William Everette Mr. & Airs. Joseph DeVizia Miss Annette Evans Air. & Mrs. George Dunbar Mrs. George Fenner Rev. David El-AIouallen Miss Laura Fritz Airs. Daniel J. F. Flood Polish Womens Alliance Airs. Anthony Grosek, Jr. Girl Scouts Mr. & Mrs. Walter Gregory Miss Mary Glowacki Mrs. Catherine Harkins Airs. C. C. Groblewski Airs. Norman Hoffman Airs. Charles Hensley Airs. Fred W. Heyer The Hub Store Dr. & Airs. Bronis Kaslaus Mrs. Ernestine Kaehlin Mrs. George Kocyan, Jr. Mrs. Lee Kitchen Leader Store of Plymouth Mrs. Wesley J. Knorr Mrs. Charles Miner Airs. Stanley Kocian Mrs. Edward Alakowski Airs. Alfred LeVie Mr. Norman Patton Air. & Airs. Joseph Lester Mrs. Roscoe Spenser Greater Luzerne County Hairdressers and Cosmetologists Mrs. Walter Samuels Mrs. Searfoss Association Mr. Michael Shikey Air. & Airs. James Magee Airs. Stanley Stapinski Air. & Mrs. Harry Magee Mrs. Richard Stefanski Mr. Edward Mattern Miss Adelia Stevens Mr. John Mattern Mrs. W. Thompson Mr. & Mrs. Bernard McHugh Mrs. A. Tompkins Miss Anne O'Bici Miss Casimara Tyburski Air. Joseph O’Malia Airs. Edward Welles Aliss Dorothy Ray Mrs. Edward Williams Airs. Philip Al. Reilly Wyoming Valley Gun Shop Mrs. Tracy Roberts Mrs. Chester Zimolzak Mrs. Russell Ruduski Mrs. Lyall Severance Airs. Leon H. Soult Mrs. Charles Stelle Mrs. Samuel Stathakis Mrs. Hugh Smith Mrs. Alyfawny Williams Miss Loretta Weis Wyoming Historical and Geological Society Our special thanks to Mr. William Jervis, Mr. William Carter and their respective crews for their cooperation in the production of this pageant. The costumes are through the courtesy of Vera Richter Watkins of Williams­ port, Van Horn and Sons of Philadelphia, and Mrs. May of Wilkes-Barre. �li <? / s6 Settler^ #7, /-ifi.w cL^^, ft' - / 77 |i ��ffifKHfmsnauc CentHrv-Poly-_S!ocl( #PRB3 �7~~ j ��0 e o c G c n O c. 0 0 B SfeC n B " l' DOOnOOOO D 0'0 H M U U U u ------------------ — J u u U M ' tt c o r> ~ f MRS. VINCENT ZNANIECKI 500 E. Main Street Nanticoke, PA 18634 rr(|.?( IJ l; t r r m m\. U b M v *. M l.- U ’* '■. U "‘ I M^WUt -K, '■*'» Uf I U M U U U 'M/ 'U u , > < i , J >.J V U 9 <• ' 1 ��' 7J3 V l'WQ^r”'Tr^ |■!W<?_‘?*‘7■J,?,/•0 * io ’/> "T~ r\ f aV>l'r'*^4 t><3 ?’9J5’^S' ��3 □ 0 0 0 Q C 0 0 P Q 0 C Q* C 0 Q 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 C" 0 r D nr r esgac r 0c 25 c0 gD g0c0D 00s BgQD g qq3 Q 0 C? C 5 □ 2 0 3 C . ';Y»..U.cCCCC-cOL'CCO^tCCCOC6OOpOCIOG&0QQCG8COt> ’3OOO^8g5a0p-3 05a95538:5ioa63QA.n9P?t35:' ■: j - d u___ ■ u -- - - ---------------------------- --- - - - - - - - - * - •“ 5 ��Wilkes hosts students from Poland Wilkes University is hosting two medical students from Warsaw, Poland, who are interning with Dr. George E. Cimochowski, chief of cardiac surgery, Wilkes-Barre General Hospital, Wyoming Valley Health Care System. Tomasz Netczuk and Pawel Litwinski, sixth-year medical students at Medical University of Warsaw, Poland, have been residing in a guest house at Wilkes since early July. As part of their in­ ternship, Netczuk and Litwinski are gaining practical, hands-on expe­ rience by assisting and observing in surgical operations with physi­ cians from Cardiac Surgery Associates of Northeast Pennsylvania. In August, they will return to Poland and in October, begin their last year of medical training. Netczuk and Litwinski plan to graduate in June of 1999 and will complete an additional year of full-time, practical work in hospitals. Shown, from Left: Dr. Christopher N. Breiseth, president, Wilkes University; Netczuk, Litwinski, Cimochowski. �PqcTo“CO C ooo a c r, o ooo co oo n 0 0 0a 0 o u v ■ - - - a i 9 I 9 9; 9; 9 7 9 9 9 J 3 a 9 ■a o ■u 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 0 9 s y. & n ■; .... ^jwwwroc.... .............................................................................................. �' . , ' » ■ W.3ii&XA... . H'^feVl'TY PLAY . “Lucy an Ry del Original Version Joseph Piszczok j;;?.5.'•.’?.o:c. by l\/<xrr<z>t~6>r Presented at Wilkes College ’ Gymnasium, Wilkes-Barre December 3 at 8s00 P.M. by th© Wilkes . ’Collage • Polish Room Committee Cast: St. Mary Archangel Stanley Yurkowski Angels H edy Horbaczoviski Juls Znaniecki Jozia Mies3kowski Sandra Wallace ap^te rubs 'King Herod A ■ Mrs. Mary Serafin Jane Kulina Jane Wallace /n Vr- ;r o 5 oph jfe^?ri±k. Death .U* Mrs. Anthony Wallace Devil T^r>n St. Joseph Bichard Stefanski Shepherds Alex 2!resge .Tr/hii Wftjfejk tjq t- Sandy Skuainski Paul Znaniecki Chester Urbanski - . j , Three Kings Wayne Walters George Richards Robert Barnes Three Pages Henry Korbaczei4skl Joseph Kanon Barnes nd Mrs. Helen Horbaczewskl Mrs. Chester Urbanski M'S /ybes^Ad6/sA �Polish Bethlehem ' Betleiem Polskie I A NATTVITY PLAY IN VERSE LUCYAN KYDEL ��LUCYAN RYDEL Polish Bethlehem “Betlejem Polskie" A NATIVITY PLAY IN VERSE Translated from the Polish in 1957 blJ Mrs. Joseph (Viola) Piszczek Wilkes College Polish Room Committee Published in Cracow, 1906. �SCENE I The first scene portrays the Annunciation. “The Angel of the Lord declared unto Mary, and she conceived of the Holy Ghost.” These words remind us of a simple home in Nazareth, where the moon shining into a darkened room turns everything in its path to silver. There we see Mary absorbed in prayer, beseeching God to send the promised Redeemer to His people, who need Him now, so very much. This quiet peace is suddenly broken by the voice of the Archangel Gabriel as he salutes Mary with these words, “Hail, full of grace, the Lord is with thee. Blessed art thou among women.” The Immaculate Virgin was troubled by the vision of the angel and frightened by his words of praise. “Fear not - Thou shall have a son who will be called Jesus, the son of the living God. The Almighty will work this miracle.” (The Angel sings) Mary is silent and overcome with amazement - and then she understood - this message was from God. During this silence the earth and heaven itself seems to hold its breath, for Almighty God has chosen to make the Incarnation of His Son dependent on Mary's “yes” and the fate of the world hangs on her consent. Then simply and humbly it comes. “Behold the handmaid of the Lord, be it done to me according to Thy word.” And at that very moment, through the operation of the Holy Ghost, the Virgin Mary became the mother of the Son of God, the Redeemer of the world. High in the hills, on a cold wintry night, Poor shepherds watched their flocks in sight. Only Maciek, warm and comfortable in his cloak Surveyed the glittering heavens, The cluster of lights in the valley below That marked the Town of Bethlehem. Thea suddenly, a new star had come into the sky, so large and luminous, and for a long moment, it remained high in the heavens. Then slowly, it began to move, dropping lower and lower, until its rays lit up the entire countryside. Maciek, awestruck and frightened called: “Bartek, Walek, Wojtek, Kuba Awaken quickly, for I’m afraid. Look! A burst of flame in the sky! The world’s afire - soon we shall die. Have you seen such brilliance ever? Let’s run, 'tis better late than never.” “Ach! Maciek, for heaven’s sake, a shepherd never lives in fear Perhaps you’re dreaming that the end is near.” “Oh no! Just look! That blinding star Could never aught such radiance mar? What means this glorious splendor in the sky Is it a warning? A sign? Then why? Yet even as they quivered and pondered with doubt, A majestic figure, clothed in white garments, cried out. “Fear not - for behold, I bring you tidings of great joy.” (Mary sings) SCENE II Tis a quiet moonlit night. Some poor and simPle are sleeping around a fire, high in the hills overlooking Beth> keeping watch over their flocks. One shepherd, on guard. acie c, And so, the shepherds heard the angel say, “Christ is born to you this day.” Joy comes to the earth This day of our Saviour's birth. Go, follow ye the bright star To Bethlehem, which is not so far. “There you will find the Infant wrapped in swaddling clothes, And laid in a manger” - Let this be a sign unto you. �As the shepherds fell to the ground on bended knee, Their wondering gaze beheld a band of angels singing joyfully “Glory to God in the highest and on earth peace to men of good will!” (Angel sings - Wsrod Nocnej Ciszy) Maciek: You have heard God’s creature divine Tell us of the light that shines Upon the Infant King in a stable Let us hasten to Betlehem to the cradle. Bartek: The Angel: Kind shepherds! Go! Be on your way And with your presents make Him gay For you shall later tell the story Toward Christ’s everlasting Glory That the Lord, through His great love, Came from Heaven, up above, No great place, grand or costly had He here But a manger - cold and drear. Suddenly the angel vanished into thin air Only the star remained aglow Poised in the heavens so very low A sparkling jewel so rare. Shall we take gifts for this great King? A sovereign may have everything. We have neither silver nor gold For the Christ that lies in the mold. SCENE III Maciek: With bare hands we will not stand Before the Saviour of the land. Let each one bring what he is able The following scene takes place in the palace of King Herod, ruler of Judea, who learns that a new King has been born. With song we 11 journey to the Stable. The angel, then, made one proposal Take with you what is at your disposal. For Christ the Lord will understand Gold and riches he does not demand. Herod: For there, in the cold manger lying He had nothing to stop his crying Merely his mother’s sweet affection And her voice’s soft inflection. The Shepherds: Oh! I have two little chicks ever so mild And I some bacon to please the Christ Child. 11 bring pears and apples from up high And my pigeons to coo Him a lullaby. (In the background shepherds are singing “Dzisiaj tv Betlejem.” ) Why is the world so merry and gay? Oh! My thoughts are so confused A King is born - that’s what they say To be His subject - I refuse! Why - numerous sovereigns have I impelled To fall before my feet. Their mighty thrones I overthrew I’ve never known defeat. For I am the master of the universe The lord of lords - at length. No one shall take my place. The sword shall be my strength. (Shepherds come in singing - “Dzisiaj tv Betlejem ”) �Herod: How dare you insolent shepherds stand Before my castle gate! Repeat such petty tales at hand That fill my mind with hate. Stop searching for that little Babe His castle is not grand. Merely a stable, roofless and old To shelter cattle from the cold. Why pay homage to this domain? Fall on your knees - and honor my name. But his command they ostentatiously rebuff Herod, writhing with anger, clenches his fists and screams “Guards! Take them away! I’ve had enough Listening to their ridiculous dreams.” (Shepherds walk out unafraid singing “Chrystus Si(> Rodzi". Guards run after them pushing them out.) Before Herod’s wrath subsides He finds an Angel by his side. Angel: Great mystery enraptures the land today /Angels waken shepherds as they lay Wise men follow the star with myrth To greet the King of Heaven and Earth. Your crowning days soon will be o’er And judgment day so near Angels will crush the core Of the sword youo hold so dear. And in your heart there will remain Cold, appalling fear and pain. Herod, shaken by this warning now Seizes his sword for safety Then clutches his regal robe more tensely As cold sweat pours from his brow. Sinister atmosphere prevails No wonder! Stealthily from behind evil lurks. (The scheming devil creeps noiselessly behind him and slyly says:) Devil: Don’t fear me, my Lord I’m the angel of your throne Always standing by your side Admiring your greedy pride Sharing your jealous views Uniting our strength, we cannot lose. Just save my throne, Herod pleads. “Excellently” - I will justify your needs. Because the Child, your enemy, this hour Also curtailed my majestic power. Alas! I can plant the seed ’Tis blood and sacrifice we need. Kill, murder the children The thought may be wild Just think! My friend You’ll be free of the Christ Child. Herod grasps these evil words And calls the captain of the guards. “Death, do you hear, I command To all male children, under two Spare no one - understand?” Devil: What about your son, your very own? His death, too, do you condone? Herod: The hour has struck for him, too, this day For no one will stand in my way Even though my heart bleeds �To do this ghastly deed. Let my will be done! And so! The devil had won. (Death now enters) Herod: Herod: How dare you thus speak to me? My sword will crush you instantly. (Herod raises his sword, but Death knocks it out of his hands with the scythe.) Who are you? Where do you come from? Death: Death: The Father sent me from heaven above To teach men, like you, how to love. To remind you once again To be kind, just, toward your fellow men. But His unfailing eye did see Your wrath, your greed, your tyranny. And for the cruel use of sword Only death can be a just reward. Herod: Mercy, have mercy, madam My throne, I place before your feet Look upon my misery, my defeat! I surrender all in your name. Accept this royal mantle ’Twill cover your crumbly frame. You shall have renown If you take my jeweled crown I’ll pay homage to you, too Upon my word, I beg of you. Death: My naked frame, you mock I am not ashamed. At your throne and scepter, I scoff Your precious crown to me is stained. Rich and poor I lay in the grave The old and vigorous youngsters, too And you I should save? A murdering monster, you? Never again will your evil hate Permit your crimes to perpetrate. Nothing can now redeem your soul Neither sword, nor gold. Herod: Please have mercy! Let me live. Death: And how much mercy did you give To all the babies dead by your will? Did you not attempt to kill! The little One - the Holy Son? May the will of God be done! (Herod falls lifeless touched by the scythe) Devil: Who is this? Ha! Herod no less! The King who murders did confess. ’Tis booty for the gates of hell. What were his thoughts when he fell - I wonder! I am an infernal devil, I And honor I still value high It is my task to dispose of him He, who lived life to the brim. But it is my duty, they all say And so, reluctantly, I must take him away! �SCENE IV The manger scene. All gather to pay homage to the Holy Child and His Mother. One of the essential features of this is the presentation of gifts by the shepherds. (Mary sings "Lullajze Jezuniu” and puts Baby Jesus in the crib.) Shepherds: Could it be here - in that dim light? Is there anyone in sight? Awe! A little Babe so dear Come! Let us go near. Most Holy Maid, we come to greet you And the Infant at your feet. We come, happy beyond measure Not with precious gifts But gifts of love That your divine heart can treasure. Since we are just shepherds poor We could but humble gifts procure. So I have brought a loaf of bread And I some butter in its stead. I’m glad to give this piece of cloth For diapers for the little tot. Eggs, and a piece of cheese I humbly offer, take them please. We ask forgiveness through our tears May Your Grace dispel our fears And now in truly Polish style For Jesus’ sake we'll sing a while. (Song - “O Come All Ye Faithful.") Wise men from the far lands of the East Journeyed through the shadows of the night Weary, but not minding in the least Following the star that shone so very bright. Onward leading like a guiding friend Over mountains, meadows and by the river’s bend To the cradle at Bethlehem. Here, the Kings of nations Joined by God’s scepter above Stood united in brotherly love. (Enter the Three Kings singing) “We three kings of Orient are, Bearing gifts we traverse afar Field and fountain, moor and mountain, Following yonder star.” Refrain: O Star of wonder, Star of night, Star with royal beauty bright Westward leading, still proceeding, Guide us to Thy perfect light. First King kneels and presents his gift and sings: Born a King on Bethlehem’s plain, Gold I bring to crown Him again King forever, ceasing never, Over us all to reign. (All three sing the refrain.) Second King kneels, presents gift and sings: Frankincense to offer have L Incense owns a Deity nigh, Prayer and praising all men raising, Worship Him, God on high. (All three sing the refrain.) Third King kneels, presents his gift and sings: Myrrh is mine: its bitter perfume, Breathes a life of gathering gloom; Sorrowing, sighing; bleeding, dying, Sealed in the stone-cold tomb. (All three sing the refrain.) The whole cast sings “Joy to the World. ��■ ■ �- / ZdddJZL&Lud laTe M. '11 ,I .I .» kJ . - i .J -J I J I I » J 'J 'I ■• * U 1 > I 'J J J J J J U J J �^OOOdQQQDOOOOUOOOOO oouoooobn " ' < 11 > - ' ■ ....................................................................... UUUUUWQQUQOUUUQQOOQCUQ J P U U U 3 p O p y U y J Q>. 1 ................ .... • 5 y J ;» ..................... .... • .i 1 ’ 1 ����AZOWS ZE �ZE the brilliant ig the of dance and song other Western and joyous om Warsaw some 100 dancers ow3 and a full >any this ��SUNDAY TIMES (London) Ballet: By -IVTAZOWZE, the Polish State Dance Company, recruited from the Mazovian district (out­ side Warsaw), where the Mazurka ” was born, made its London d6but on Monday at the Stoll Theatre This troupe numbers some hun­ dred dancers and singers. The accent is on youth, reflected in the freshness and vitality of their performance. Music is provided by a theatre orchestra, or by native instruments. The costumes, tased on regional patterns, make vivid flashes of colour. The danc­ ing has a pulse which sets the feet tapping. These dancers, although wearing high boots, move with a catlike agility or stamp with a hammer-stroke. A fascinating characteristic of the dances is their constantly varying tempi—sedate measures suddenly giving place to CYRIL BEAUMONT mounting rhythm. The intricate figures, with their interweaving, dissolving and fusing. recall the Ballet, and, however hot the pace, alignment and placing are admirably maintained. The Poles are born dancers, sur­ rendering completely to the music. See the “ Oberek,” “ Krakowiak," “ Kujawiak,” and “ Mazurka " danced with national fervour and understanding. The throbbing beat of the “ Opoczno Oberek ” has a dynamic force. In one figure the girls whirl on place, their dresses flaring high to form spinning wheels, while the men give great leaps, spreading out their long coats so that they resemble swooping eagles; in another figure each man clasps his partner's waist and swings his body in a great aerial arc. What vigour! What gusto 1 I cordially recom­ mend a visit. THE P< HE striking success of t group was due to their sentation of Polish song an, methods repay study because t that these large groups of f becoming increasingly expert vast audiences with enjoyable Polish folk dance is limited 1 There are simple slow' procei into polkas or valses. or Mazurkas. Krakoviaks and O' boys leap and swing high i their girls as they turn. Ea about six steps. Yet out material the fixe choregrapf an extremely varied looking they always contrast a sir fast one. This immediately the strongest features of a the strictly controlled bodi precisely regulated rhythm often involve the unusual and the broad space to be movement. Secondly they to be made. When the dai definition is made of strai zag and more angular pattci where patterns are more laid on curves and circles. latter find the dancers spii T �"■ — ��I) ��WILKES-BARRE RECORD, THURSDAY, OCTOBER 1, 1964. llPolish Committee Plans Festival of Leaves Mrs. Vincent Znaniecki, chairman of the Festival of Leaves Program sponsored by the Polish Room Committee of Wilkes College, recently re­ viewed plans with the various community organizations par­ ticipating in the festival. Af­ fair will be held Monday night from 6 to 9 in Wilkes College Gymnasium. Pictured is the arrangements committee. Seated, left to right: Miss Mary Koons, Mrs. Joseph Drapiewski and Mrs. Anthony Wallace. Standing: Mrs. Edward Nork, Mrs. Jo­ seph R u s h i n, Mrs. Henry Horbaczewski and Mrs. Anita Janerich. Highlight of the evening will be a display of 19 tables decorated to carry out themes symbolic of their tra­ ditional backgrounds and laden with native food served in vari­ ous portions to the public. Hostesses in native costume will be in attendance at every table. Tables will be judged beforehand on an artistic basis by an art committee for which a token award will be made. During the evening dancing by various native groups and music of all nations will be I played by students of Wilkes j College Music Department and Junior Mozart Club. A full program of activities will be offered in crafts and arts by the following organiza­ tions: Outdoor nature display by Mrs. Paul Dyslewski; 4-H Club, Everett D. Chadwick, di­ rector, Boy Scouts Troop 405, Nanticoke, Edward Gayda, leader; Girl Scouts, Troop 611, Nanticoke, leader Mrs. Charles Van Fossen; Warsaw Coffee House, Mrs. John J. Chwalek and Mrs. Paul Dyslewski; For­ est and Waters, identification of plants and leaves by mark­ ing in both English and Latin, Anthony Santoli. Paintings of autumn scenes will be exhibit­ ed by the students of WilkesCollege under supervision of J. Philip Richards and Chester Colson. Paintings will also be shown bv members of Wyoming Valley Art League of which Mr. A. DeWitt Smith of Dallas is president. Table Displays Native Greek table will be sponsored by Mrs. Peter Kar­ ambelas and attendant, Mrs. Peter Anderson. The Russian table will feature a 100-yearold tablecloth belonging to the Alexander Lipko family and a a Russian samovar belonging to Mrs. Joseph Kocyan, presi­ dent of the Polish Room Com­ mittee. Hostess at the Welsh table will be Mis. William R. Lewis and attendants, Mrs. Ralph Morgan and Mrs. Ben­ jamin Jenkins. Scotch table is in charge of Mrs. Charles Mann, with Mrs. John Lunnie and Mrs. Albert Llewellyn as co-attendants. Israeli table hostess is Mrs. Moshe Rosenblatt, with Mrs. Irving Schor as co-hostess; Negro Women’s Community League, Mrs. Edgar Patience and co-attendant, Mrs. Olin Morris; Lebanese, Albert Al­ bert, host, and Mrs. David Joseph and Mrs. Catherine Shiner, co-hostesses; Arabian table, sponsored by Moham­ med Abraham and Ahmad M. Kazimi, with Mr. and Mrs. Ahmad Kazimi as attendants; Croatian table, Mrs. Stanko Vujica and Mrs. Frank Gro­ blewski. Slovak Women’s Organiza- (Photo by Edward A. Sadowski) tion will be hosted by Mrs. Paul Selecky and Mrs. John Yasenchak, with Mrs. Paul Selecky and Mrs. Joseph Cas­ per as co-attendants; Ukrainians, Mrs. Pearl Cirko; Irish table, Mrs. John McDonald; Polish table, Polish Room Women as hosts with Miss Mary Novitsky and Caroline Jendrzejewski as co-hostess; Russian table, Mrs. Harry Russin and Mrs. Martha Kresge; Lithuanian Women’s Club, Mrs. Daniel Eagen, Miss Alice Grisconis and Mrs. John Bayoras; British Women’s Club of Wyoming Valley. Mrs. John Sckcl and Mrs. James Morio; United Nations table, Mrs. Richard Levy; German table sponsored by Mrs. Donaid Spicer with Robert Dudek as attendant. ■ I | j i I i i ' ; I |' i' I . p ' �WILKES-BARRE RECORD, THURSDAY, OCTOBER 1, 1964. _ . ;....................... . ............. VENING NEWS, WILKES-BARRE. PA., V.'.V.V • • • * V.v V.' • *.V *7 MA........... .’ WWKW.W ’«. WMMm VALU^l IT’S FRIDAY EVENING, OCTOBER 9, 1964 Exhibits Win Prizes At Festival Of Leaves Program At Wilkes This exhibit of the fruits of an autumn harvest won first prize at the Festival of Leaves Program held by the Polish Room Committee of Wilkes College. The exhibit was fash- —Edward Sadowski Photos ioned by Girl Scout Troop 617, Nanticoke. At the display, from left, are: Mrs. Charles Van Fossen, Louise Jackson, Rosemary Romanowski, and Mrs. Frank Tobolla. �Greece October 5 1964 - W.C Festival of Leaves - Ethnic Tables native food; entertainment;Warsaw Coffee House• Italy �October 5, 1964 - W.C. Gym Greece Festival of Leaves - Ethnic Tables native food; entertainment;Warsaw Coffee House• Italy ��Arab. �OCT LA^D �^p - AWy p. .•.•:• ■.... ■■ mkMW^K UW.V ■ VP,- q, 5^/'” Q e.n , wn«»i irv — J • Gy ^'6 M 3 �The Kosctuszko Foundation 40th Anniversary Fund luncheon at the Statler-Hilton Hotel in Washington, D.C. on March 31, 1965. Postmaster General John A« Gronouski, Honorary Chairman of the Fund, was the host. (From left to right): Mr. & Mrs. John Cresco, Dr. Joseph Kocyan, P.M.G., Mr. Peter Paul OlGsewski, JEW, Miss Mary Glowacki. * Dates March 31, 1965 < «“»*» Ho« 65115-1 Official Post Office Department Photo �WILKES COLLEGE POLISH ROOM COMMITTEE Annual Card Party Ol WILKES MARTZ SPORTS & CONFERENCE CENTER Franklin Street — Wilkes-Barr ?, Pa,. SUNDAY, APRIL I6th-J98?_ DOOB FBIZES — BEFBESHME?;TS □I 5 Bring your own cards 2:00 to 4:30 P. M. Donation $2,00 Wilkes College Polish Room Committee Gaftd Pahtif, W N QO WILKES COLLEGE CAFETERIA Wilkes-Barre, Pa. SUNDAY, APRIL 16th, J 972 _ Refreshments will be served Bring Yiour Own Cards 2 to 4 P. M . Donation $1.25 QO QO 0 o o Q �TUESDAY, APRIL 21, 1964. ’oland-bound Students Guests at Wilkes (Photo by Ace Hoffman Studlo»> Four American students on their way to Poland are guests of the Committee for the Polish Room at Wilkes College. They are International Farm Youth Exchange delegates, who will leave April 28 for six months in Poland. Delegates with members of the faculty of Wilkes College are seated, left to right: Richard Lowell Ross, Jr., 22, of Caro, Mich.; Marcus Bordsen, 22, Four delegates of the International Farm Youth Exchange program are visiting Wilkes Col­ lege. They will spend one week in Wilkes-Barre before leaving the United States for a six-month stay on farms in Poland. They are here as guests of the Committee for the Polish Room at Wilkes College. Their trip to Wilkes-Barre was ar­ ranged with the National 4-H Club Foundation by Everell V. ^Chadwick, Shavertown, of the ^Extension Farm Bureau. ■ An orientation program by of/fieials of the U. S. Department l|of State, Department of AgriculIjture, and U. S. Information ana w *--------, .. _ --J - krinfinc, hv fjjg Agency, and a briefing by the Polish Embassy in Washington, ■ • D. C., preceded their arrival here. The four American students, all 411 Club members, leave for Poland from Montreal on April 28. They sail on a deluxe liner for Gdynia, the port built by Poland in answer to Nazi occu­ pation of Danzig in 1939. During the growing season, delegates will live and work with rural people in the host country; All have grown up on farms in Montana, Michigan. Minnesota and Pennsylvania. Young Polish farmers spend a similar period in the United States. Delegates are in Wilkes-Barre to receive instruction in Polish history, culture and the lan- Glendine, Mont.; June Anne Cunningham, 22, Sleepy Eye, Minn.; Sandra Jane Virtue, 21, Meadville, and Mrs. Vincent Znaniecki, vice president of the commit­ tee. Standing: Everell V. Chadwick, Extension Farm Bureau; Dr. Stanko Vujica, chairman of the Wilkes College Department of Philosophy and Religion, and Elwood Disque, chairman of the modern foreign lan­ guage department. guage. At Wilkes they met with '"learn another way of life by Dr. Stanko Vujica, chairman of 1living it.” Each delegate will the department of philosophy :spend two months living in six and religion; Dr. Charles B. Reif, •to 12 homes in a separate voivodchairman of the biology depart- !ship (province), then the group ment; Elwood Disque, chairman will meet in Cracow for informa­ of modern foreign language de- Ition, questions, and relaxation. partment; and Richard Chapline, At the end of their stay they will director of choral music. reassemble in Warsaw for a final During the week students will evaluation conference. meet with Mary Glowacki, teach­ The International Farm Youth er in the Kingston schools, to Exchange program in Poland is review pronunciation and con­ conducted, in a manner similar versational Polish. Other mem­ to that in the United States, by bers of the Committee for the the Rural Youth Ur ion, "ZMW.” The group is one of 15 such Polish Room at Wilkes College have planned programs for them. groups, totaling 40 delegates, from 22 states, to Objectives of the exchange mini w leave «»«• the •— program are to provide young;United States this spring for people with an opportunity to| residence in 15 countries- �NEWS, WILKES-BARRE, PAO WEDNESDAY EVENING, FEBRUARY 10, 1965 At Wilkes College it Exchange Delegate Will Relate Experiences t0 that in the Unitefd States by ting and showing of dairy cattle. Mrs. Joseph - Ko—cyan, • the Rural Youth Union, “ZMW.” special interests are Polish chairman of- the Women’s Objectives of the exchange pro­ Her economics and social policies, and Committee for the Polish gram are to provide young people the religious beliefs and practices with an opportunity to “learn in Poland. Room at Wilkes College, another way of life by living According to Henry T. Moon,’ announces that Sandra it.” Assistane State 4-H Club Leader, Jane Virtue, who spent six Miss Virtue, a resident of Star Sandra will be at Wilkes College Meadville, is completing to speak as “a people-to-people, months in Poland last year Route, her fourth year of study toward grass roots ambassador.” as an International Farm a degree in home economics ed­ Roast Of Lamb Youth Exchange delegate, ucation at Pennsylvania State She has lived all her To give a roast of lamb or will appear at the college University. life on the family farm where lamb chops piquant flavor, crum-J Saturday to report on . her legunes, corn, small grains, maple ble rosemary and mix with olive! syrup, and dairy cattle are the oil, salt and freshly ground pep­ experiences. She will speak enterprises. A member of the 4-H per. Spread the mixture over the I at 2:30 p. m., and again at Club for 12 years, Sandra’s hob- roast or chops before putting ini 7:30 p. m. at Room 116 1 ies are home arts and the fit- the oven or under the broiler. I of Stark Hall. The public is invited to attend. Sandra was one of four stu-. dent delegates who were guests; of the Women’s Committee for; the Polish Rbom for eight days' last Spring for training in Polish] history, language and culture.! Other delegates were Richard1! Ross, Jr., of Caro, Mich.; Marcus J Bordsen of Glendine, Mont., and1 June Anne Cunningham of Sleepy, Eye, Minn. Following their Wilkes-Barre visit, the delegates departed for| a six-month stay in Poland under! the International Farm Youth Exchange program of the Na­ tional 4-H Club Foundation. The four, all 4-H Club members who grew up on farms, lived and worked with rual families ini Poland during the course of their| stay. Young Polish farmers spent la similar period in the United; iStates. The program in Poland, is conducted in a manner similar �o fz. n nT" "I. r» O O r? - n o = n I © o C n © □ z a o o a THE z o □ o o s C c c THE KOSCIUSZKO FOUNDATION a Q a cordially invites you and your friends © c □ o to © □ a © POLAND’S MILLENNIUM CONCERT u c o c to be held on © SATURDAY, DECEMBER 10, 1966 8:30 P.M. © © © c © a c © © © © © at © CARNEGIE HAT.T. □ a a a New York, N. Y. © a a o a a a s c o c AMERICAN SYMPHONY ORCHESTRA LEOPOLD STOKOWSKI, MUSIC DIRECTOR a © © © iG ksS c C'u'eJe- T; o 3 - Cl @ o a ; d o D o Net income from the Concert will be used for scholarships and informational programs of The Kosciuszko Foundation. o a o o o O Q o for the PERFORMING akio O Q <3 O a € C a » f c © ^2 £ Q • o C , ■G ° M “ ‘-; > o a u o O < ■< --------- O <X 00“ CS-U O o �the 5 THE KOSCIUSZKO FOUNDATION cordially invites you and your friends to POLAND’S MILLENNIUM CONCERT to be held on SATURDAY, DECEMBER, ID, 1966 8:30 P. M. at CARNEGIE HALL " New York, N. Y. AMERICAN SYMPHONY ORCHESTRA LEOPOLD STOKOWSKI, MUSIC DIRECTOR Net income from the Concert will be used for scholarships and informational programs of The Koscfaszko Foundation. for THE PhKF^ �PROGRAM of POLAND S MILLENNIUM CONCERT under the auspices of the kosciuszko foundation I The National Anthems of the United States and Poland. 2. GAUDE MATER POLONIA (an old Polish academic hymn, datmg back to the founding of the Jagiellonian University of Krakow m 1364). Schola Cantorum under the direction of Hugh Ross. 3. The Chopin Concerto No. 2 in F-Minor. Sylvia Zaremba, pianist. INTERMISSION II 4. Szymanowski’s STABAT MATER. Schola Cantorum under the direction of Hugh Ross. 5. SINFONIA SACRA (New York premiere), by Andrzej Panufnik, composed especially for Poland’s Millennium (1,000 years of Poland as an historic Christian nation) under a Fellowship from The Kosciuszko Foundation. The composer is coming from London for this Concert. NEW YORK premiere OF Sinfonia Sacra SINFONIA SACRA by one of the leading Polish contemporary composers won the First Prize in the PRIX DE COMPOSITION MUSICALE PRINCE RAINIER III DE MONACO 1963, out of 133 entries in the orchestral section from 38 countries. Mr. Panuf­ nik also won the Sibelius Centenary Medal for Composition 1965. SINFONIA SACRA was performed in Monte Carlo, in Paris at a special United Nations Day Concert, in Lisbon, in Buenos Aires, in Rochester, N. Y. (by Leopold Stokowski) and in Birming­ ham, England (conducted by the composer). A FEW TYPICAL COMMENTS BY MUSIC CRITICS: “It is an original and imposing personal statement with unmis­ takable religious, national, and even erotic musical roots.” —Ossia Trilling, The Sunday Times (London, August 1964). “This is better than just a composition: it is a work of art. .. it is the prayer between the episodes of battle, devout reflection following the action: an image of life itself, made up of tensions and relaxations. . . Imbued with mystery, with emotion, with colour, a language polytonal, a great elevation of thought, above all the gift of incantation, of sorcery.” —“Clarendon” (Bernard Gavoty), in Le Figaro, Paris, Oct. 1964. R. V. Ward gave a brief description in the London Times (Satur­ day, December 4, 1965) in a special feature article entitled MUSIC NOTES: “Andrzej Panufnik’s Sinfonia Sacra was given a triumphantly successful first performance in this country by the City of Birm­ ingham Symphony Orchestra, conducted by the composer... “Panufnik wrote the Sinfonia Sacra to celebrate next year’s Polish millennium of statehood. He uses a large orchestra with a trumpeter at each of the four corners of the stage, and the wood­ winds massed at the front to the conductor’s right, where the cellos are more usually found. �TUr? Urrr tzti “One would have to go back to Berlioz for a comparison of the superb skill and audacity of the writing for forces of this kind, in which separation of sound in space is exploited as an essential element. “The work opens with an outburst of imperious calls from the four trumpeters, followed immediately by a very quiet and gentlymoving section for strings alone. The peaceful, almost ethereal atmosphere is rudely shattered by a terrific onslaught of solo percussion-playing, and as this section develops into a fast move­ ment for full orchestra, the tympani and percussion players con­ tribute an independent commentary in virtuoso style. “At the height of its power, this section cuts out suddenly, and after a silence, a statement is heard of the plainsong chant on which the whole work is based [inspired by Bogurodzica], played in high harmonics by the violins, so quietly that it can just about be heard. “This gradually grows into a magnificently sonorous piece of writing, first for strings and later for full orchestra, mounting in tension until, at the end of the work, the four trumpets return to their battle calls from the opening.” The Kosciuszko Foundation Board of Trustees and Officers Henry Noble MacCracken Honorary Chairman of the Board Arthur T. Roth Chairman of the Board William H. Draper, Jr. Frank N. Piasecki Stanislas Chylinski Vice-Chairmen of the Board Stephen P. Mizwa President Eugene F. Kusielewicz Vice President Edward C. Smith Treasurer FRANKLIN national bank Edmund I. Zawacki Recording Secretary Adolph Bilton Eugene S. Farley Walter M. Golaski Howard Hanson Dr. Joseph J. Kogyan Mary R. Koons Joseph F. Lester Charles Nosal William Man Parkhurst Henry C. Pytell Rudolf Rathaus Tadeusz Sendzimir Ben S. Stefanski Anthony J. Stonina �THE WILKES COLLEGE POLISH ROOM COMMITTEE in cooperation with the WILKES COLLEGE DEPARTMENT OF MUSIC presents Thomas Michalak, Violinist and Deborah Sobol, Pianist MONDAY, OCTOBER 3, 1966 8:30 P. M. WILKES COLLEGE CENTER FOR THE PERFORMING ARTS �Sponsors Rev. Andrew B. Bocianski The Hon. & Mrs. Bernard C. Brominski Mr. & Mrs. Harold Coslett Mr. & Mrs. John Cresko Dr. & Mrs. Stanley Dombroski Mr. Edmund S. Drapiewski Grosek and Sons Rev. Albert Kaczmarek Dr. & Mrs. Norman Karmilowicz Dr. & Mrs. Joseph Kocyan Miss Mary Koons Mr. & Mrs. Robert Kopicki Dr. & Mrs. Walter Kozik District Atty. & Mrs. Thomas E. Mack Mr. Edward Mazanowski Rev. Joseph Ostrowski Rt. Rev. Msgr. J. B. Pilny Mr. & Mrs. Joseph Piszczek Mr. & Mrs. Richard Stefanski Mr. & Mrs. Michael Weiss Mr. & Mrs. Vincent Znaniecki Patrons Rev. Stanislaus Banas Dr. and Mrs. Leo Bednark The Misses Irene and Catherine Biczysko Mr. & Mrs. Frank Boguszewski Mr. & Mrs. Frank Connell, Jr. Mr. & Mrs. Alphonse Edmundow Mr. & Mrs. Louis Gawat Mr .& Mrs. Walter Gilewski The Hon. & Mrs. Edward Gorka Dr. & Mrs. C. C. Groblewski Mr. & Mrs. Frank A. Groblewski Mrs. H. Guy Haupt Mr. & Mrs. Stefan Hellersperk Mr. & Mrs. Frank Kachenski Rev. Joseph Kalinowski Rev. Stanislaus Kalinowski Rev. J. Kozlowski Mr. & Mrs. George H. Kocyan Mr. & Mrs. Edward J. Kopicki Dr. & Mrs. E. J. Kielar Mr. & Mrs. Alex Kresge Dr. & Mrs. Walter Krzywicki Dr. & Mrs. Walter Kuc Atty. & Mrs. Alexander J. Laffey Rev. A. G. Lewandowski Mr. & Mrs. Charles Leonard Dr. Edward Makowski Mr. & Mrs. Clement Maslow Mrs. Joseph Mosier Mr. & Mrs. Edward A. Nork Dr. & Mrs. Edward P. Nork Miss Mary O’Connell Mr. & Mrs. Joseph O'Kama Atty. & Mrs. Peter P. Olszewski Atty. & Mrs. Daniel Ormanowski Mr. & Mrs. Edward Pawlak Dr. & Mrs. Frank Peters Dr. & Mrs. Joseph Piekarski Rt. Rev. Msgr. J. J. Podkul Polish National Alliance, Women’s Division Polish Women’s Alliance, Council No. 1 Mrs. Maria Porwit Drs. Joseph & Halina Rushin Mr. & Mrs. Clement Sawicki Mrs. Clem Schwartz Mr. & Mrs. Joseph A. Skuzinski Mr. & Mrs. John B. Stetz Miss Ellen Strojny Mrs. Charles Telejszo Rev. Bernard A. Toloczko Mr. & Mrs. Stanley A. Urbanski Atty. & Mrs. Anthony W. Wallace Mr. & Mrs. John Wojcik Mr. & Mrs. Stephen Yanoshak Mr. & Mrs. Chester Zawadski �CM Poland feels Impact tdtwo world wars CD up the confused, often corrupt by the Nazis on the fifth of Oc­ governmental mess which he tober, 1939. found in Warsa. Pilsudski died in The. government of Poland Editor’s note: This is the fifth IO through Rumania, even­ 1935. The “Saniation” regime, escaped > beleived that te suspension of tually setting up its offices in exile co part of a six-part series on “The History of Poland.” The author, a democratic activities (many polit­ in London. native of Larksville, is a graduate ical parties, including the small, On the seventeenth of this "cO CO student at Penn State University, unimportant Communist party, month, in accordance with a secret main campus, where he teaches were suppressed and even agreement signed between Nazi the Polish language and Polish persecuted during this period of Germany and the Soviet Union this history. time) was a small price to pay for same year, the REd ARmy invad­ the benefits of a strong, ed Poland from the east in order to The first World War, which ex­ authoritarian government. This “protect the White Russian and • '. ■ ploded in the year 1914 with the dictatorship was to last until the Ukranian nationalities in the face 05 assasination of an Austrian ar­ outbreak of the Second World War of the fall of Polish forces.” The Q_ chduke in Sarajevo, Serbia (now in 1939. Pilsudski’s camp also had Polish army, captured by the 05 part of Yugoslavia), has its basis a great influence on the Govern­ Soviets during their manoeuvres, c5 in the imperialistic designs of ment-in Exile which directed were interned. The mass graves of CQ 05 those very empires which had Polish matters from London dur­ ten thousand of these Polish of­ 05 divided Poland in the preceding ing the years of Nazi occupation. ficers, whose murder has been century. During the 20 years of Polish in­ placed at the hands of the Soviets, The Austrian Empire, for ex­ dependence which preceded the was unearthed by German forces o' o ample, which began the domino Nazi invasion, many economic in 1943 in the Katyn forest. principle which led the entire problems, such as agricultural Poland partitioned again, as this rare photo shows Nazi and The most tragic show of Polish CD world into the bloodiest fracas of reform and the unfolding of indus­ Soviet Commanders greeting one another in Brzesc after the Rus­ a our days, was a multi-national patriotism took place on the first of <D trialization were not adequately sian invasion of Eastern Poland in September, 1939. (Photo from N state on the verge of collapse due addressed. Unemployment August, 1944. This is the starting 5 to the rising tide of nationalism Zbrodnia Katynska, London, 1982.) date of the famous Warsaw Upris­ became a grave problem. which was fomenting unrest On the brighter side, Polish ing, a tragic fight of the entire among the various peoples con­ and formally recognized the plus the terroristic activities of the culture, which has always been a city—men, women, and chil­ tained in her overgrown mon­ urgency and importance of a free German police on the Silesian ter­ vivid, strong tradition to be ranked dren—against the Nazi occupiers. archy. Polish nation. In October and rain, led to various strikes, pro­ along side other, more familiar The Uprising lasted for two For the Polish society, the spec­ November 1918, the Austro- tests, and three uprisings of the European artistic traditions, saw months, at the end of which time tre of war also brought hope: the Hungarian and Prussian armies Polish population in this region Hitler ordered Warsaw destroyed, hope of Poland’s political resur­ were demobilized for good in War­ (1919, 1920, 1921). In the end. the the appearance of many important “so that no brick would stand on rection. With the grinding on of the saw. After 123 years of slavery, the Western Powers were drawn into new creative artists. Among the another.” This order was carried war longer than was originally Polish nation at last regained its the conflict in an effort to set mat­ most motable are novelists Witold out by the Nazis with extreme zeal, Gombrowicz, (1904-1969), whose impagined, the Empries of nationhood. ters right, and more territory than experimental novel Ferdydurke and a wealth of beautiful architec­ Austria, Prussia and Russia nearly ture and history was destroyed. It On the tenth of November 1918, bled dry by 1916-17, began to woo Marshal Joseph Pilsidski returned was originally planned for her was (1937) was to be translatedinto is a tribute to the Polish sense of turned over to the Polish Republic many languages and recognized as the Polish populace with promises to Warsaw from his imprisonment nationhood, pride and love of in Silesia. a masterpiece of modern litera­ of newly established national in the Prussian prison in The most important frontier in ture; Bruno Schultz, (1892-1942), country that the entire city was automony after the war. The Magdeburg. Pilsudski, who was to Marshal Pilsudski’s mind was that the “Franz Kafka of Poland” who rebuilt after te war to its pre-war price: added support, undivided play a great part in the life of the beauty, thousands of precious support during the present strug­ Second REpublic returned to take with the Soviet Union. His wish was to meet a tragic death at the momuments of architecture in the gle Hope also came from the the reigns of state in his hands. In was to return to Polish control all hands of the Nazis in occupied United States, where, alone with February of 1919 a new Congress the lands which had belonged to Poland, and the revolutionary Old Town were restored exactly to Vae Vnousands oi PottsYvXmencans their pre-war state by skilled art Poland before 1772—the date -f th-who swelled the ranks of Polish or Sejm was elected to power and first Partition of p^and. Ter' A-amatist novelist, painter and restorers. In rebuilding J ar­ the Constitution of the Second explorer Stanislaw Ignacy army units fighting along side the Repulbic was born on the twentieth ritorial quarrels between the witkiewicz (“Witkacy”) (1885- sa w, eighteenth century cityscapes by te Italian painter Canaletto Allies for Poland’s freedom, day of that same month. The new young Second Republic and the 1939), who committed suicide at played a great part. President Woodrow Wilson made revolutionary Red government led the creation of a free independent Constitution empowered the Sejm to the Polish-Soviet w^r (1919- the outet of the war, not ishing to The most tragis losses sustained see the “death of European oversee internal affairs, while Poland one of his “Fourteen to 1921). This war is marked by a culture” which he was sure would by Poland as a result of the second Pilsudski was empowered to han ­ Points”. dle Polands international relations seried of great Polish advances come about with the onset of this World War, however, were losses The Russian Revolution of 1917 and Army matters, as Command- into the lands under Russian con­ new world conflict. in human life. Over 6,280,000 Poles also had a direct influence on the er-in-Chief. trol which had once belonged to In October 1939, the onset of lost their lives as a direct result of Polish National situation. In The frontiers of the new state Poland, only to be driven back by what was to become the Second war and Nazi cruelty. Among this August of 1918, the revolutionary were yet in an unclear state. This the Red Army, and advance again. World War was made apparant to number, over 3,500,000 Poles met government abolished all im­ led to many localized conflicts be­ At last, the Polish forces Were vic­ the world by Kilter’s demands of their deaths in Nazi extermination perialistic claims on Polish ter­ tween Poles and other nationalities torious. As a result of the peace annexing the Free City of Gdansk ( camps such as Auschwitz near ritory nilf fnrfh K., rfollowing this struggle. Lithuanian in Lhn Third Roinh and fho nnnCM 05 By CHARLES KRASZEWSKI Special to the Citizens' Voice �ivOT vne ruusu suvrevy, ukj ^rcv- nuvcmuer the Aust Vte of war a\so brought hope; the Hungarian and Prussian armies tests, and"thr^riOUS hope of Poland’s political resur- were demobilized for good in War rection. With the grinding on of the saw. After 123 years of slavery the Western PnuTQ ' ^he tn war longer than was originally Polish nation at last regained its the conflict inerS Were drawn ir\ impagined, the Empries of nationhood. Austria, Prussia and "Russia nearly On the tenth of November 1918, bled dry by 1916-17, began to woo Marshal Joseph Pilsidski returned he Pol'sh RepllW the Polish populace with promises to Warsaw from his imprisonment in Silesia. of newly established national in the Prussian prison in The most important r ,-z>r in automony after the war. The Magdeburg. Pilsudski, who was to Marshal Pilsudski's mu£0B“s that price: added support, undivided play a great part in the life of the with the Soviet Union, newish support during the present strug­ Second REpublic returned to take was to return to Polish c^trol al1 gle Hope also came from the the reigns of state in his hands. In the lands which had belonged to United States, where, along with February of 1919 a new Congress Poland before 1772—the date of the the thousands of. Polish-Americans or Sejm was elected to power and first Partition of Poland. Ter­ who swelled the ranks of Polish the Constitution of the Second ritorial quarrels between the army units fighting along side the Repulbic was born on the twentieth young Second Republic and the Allies for Poland’s freedom, day of that same month. The new revolutionary Red government led President Woodrow Wilson made Constitution empowered the Sejm to the Polish-Soviet war (1919the creation of a free independent to oversee internal affairs, while 1921). This war is marked by a Poland one of his “Fourteen Pilsudski was empowered to han­ seried of great Polish advances dle Polands international relations into the lands under Russian con­ Points”. The Russian Revolution of 1917 and Army matters, as Command- trol which had once belonged to Poland, only to be driven back by also had a direct influence on the er-in-Chief. the Red Army, and advance again. The frontiers of the new state Polish National situation. In August of 1918, the revolutionary were yet in an unclear state. This At last, the Polish forces were vic­ government abolished all im­ led to many localized conflicts be­ torious. As a result of the peace perialistic claims on Polish ter­ tween Poles and other nationalities following this struggle, Lithuanian, ritory put forth by the former as to where to draw the lines. In Ukranian and White Russian areas Czarist, partitioning government, June, 1919, the Prussian Govern­ were again annexed to Poland ment agreed in Versailles, to return making the Second Republic a Pozan and surroundings to the new large, multi-national state with Polish state. Gdansk, however, control once again over the cities remained a “Free City”, of both ofLwowand Wilno. During the first years of Polish and German population, and much of the “German” ter­ Poland’s renewed independence, a ritory in the north of Poland re­ mutual defense treaty was signed mained in Prussian hands. A small between the Second Republic and sliver of land, the “Polish cor­ France, which was designed to ridor” was ceded to Poland by the protect both countries against Prussians in order to give Poland eventual German agression. The access to the sea. This bit of land democratic process, so freshly was slightly more than 100 kilome­ reinstituted in Poland, yet with such a long history of disagree­ ters (60 miles) wide. Plebiscites were held on the ment spawned scrambles for disputed territories in order to power which led to the foundation solve the border problem in some and destruction of government of the more hotly argued-over after government. In the seven lands. Silesia, a coal-rich region years between the formation of the which had from ages past belonged new constitution in 1919 and Mar­ Polish hero to the Polish nation, was one such shal Pilsudski’s assumption of dicIgnacy Jan Paderewski, area. Unfortunately, the Germans torial powers in 1926, Poland saw famous pianist and composer stacked the cards against the no less than 12 prime ministers who worked ardently on behalf Polish voters, stuffing the ballot come and go. The government of Polish Nationhood before, boxes with the votes of new created by Pilsudski took the uring and after the World War settlers from all over Germany nickname of “Sanitation,” (Sanac. (Photo from Polska i jej specially imported for that very ja) through which he wished to lorobekDziejowy.) purpose. Such dishonest measures, emphasize his dedication to clean another.” This order was cameo out by the Nazis with extreme zeal, pew cref kip are novelists Witold m0St^ic (1904-1969), Whose and a wealth of beautiful architec­ Gombr“p‘tai novel Ferdydurke ture and history was destroyed. It s t0 be translatedinto is a tribute to the Polish sense of (19nv languages and recognized as nationhood, pride and love oi 111 masterpiece of modern litera­ country that the entire city was ture- Bruno Schultz, (1892-1942), rebuilt after te war to its pre-war the “Franz Kafka of Poland” who beauty: thousands of precious was to meet a tragic death at the momuments of architecture in the hands of the Nazis in occupied Old Town were restored exactly to Poland, and the revolutionary their pre-war state by skilled art dramatist novelist, painter and i estovers. In rebuilding of War­ explorer Stanislaw Ignacy saw, eighteenth century cityscapes Witkiewicz (“Witkacy”) J1885- by te Italian painter Canaletto 1939), who committed suicide at played a great part. the outet of the war, not ishing to The most tragis losses sustained see the “death of European by Poland as a result of the second culture” which he was sure would World War, however, were losses come about with the onset of this in human life. Over 6,280,000 Poles new world conflict. In October 1939, the onset of lost their lives as a direct result of what was to become the Second World War was made apparant to the world by Kilter’s demands of annexing the Free City of Gdansk to the Third Reich and the con­ struction of extraterritorial means of communication through the socalled Polish Corridor to the Ger­ man enclave of East Prussia, both of wheih demands the Polish gov­ ernment rejected. Next, a pact of non-agression between Poland and Germany was declared void by Hitler in April 1939. (The pact had been signed five years earlier.) The Second World War began on the first of September 1939 with Nazi Germany’s undeclared inva­ sion of Poland. The German forces, which greatly outnumbered their Polish opponents both innumbers and spophistication of materials, at­ tacked Poland from the west, the north and the south. In spite of mutual-aid agreements between Poland and France and Great Britian, Poland’s fight with the Nazi invaders was a lonely one. Despite the brave front Polish defenders staged, especially on the peninsula of Westerplatte, the prot city of Gdynia, Warsaw and Mazovian Modlin, the armed forces of Poland were finally overwhelmed war and Nazi cruelty. Among this number, over 3,500,000 Poles met their deaths in Nazi extermination camps such as Auschwitz near Cracow and Treblinka, east of Warsaw. More than five million Poles, mostly of Jewish origin, were imprisioned in these camps. It is important to note, however, that although the Jewish nation was singled out by the Nazis for especial cruelty, people from all walks of life and all nationalities met their fate in the German death-camps. Intellectuals lost their lives here, such as a sizable group of professors at Jagiellonian University in Cracow, rounded up by the Nazis and sent off to mar­ tyr’s deaths in the camps. The liberation of Poland, which took place in the early months of 1945, ended one of the blackest pages in Polish history. A new Poland, of which five percent of the population is of the Communist political persuasion (enough to keep Poland within the Soviet sphere of influence) was raised from the rubbles of this destruc­ tive war. It is the Poland of today, the Poland which we will consider in our final article. Next: Poland today I I I I I I ■ ■ �Citizens ’ Voice, W ilkes-Barre, Pa.________________ Friday, June 26,1987 — 66 Poland suffered and died for freedom (Continued from page 16) dependent state of their own. Jozef Bern (1794-1850), like Kosciuszko, a talented Polish general, is not only a hero of the Polish nation, but also of the Hungarian nation for his taking part in the independence­ struggles of that ancient ally of the Polish people. One more uprising is worth noting. This is the January Upris­ ing of 1863, which ran from the 22nd of that month well into 1864, before meeting the same fate as that of the November struggles in 1830. The plight of the Polish na­ tion was now receiving a great deal of sympathy from abroad. One of the most noteworthy occa­ sions of solidarity with the cause of the rebels in Poland was the call­ ing to order of the First Commu­ nist International in London that same year, which was brought into being by Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels. With the defeat of the January Uprising, the tactics of the Poles striving for independence shifted from the revolutionary strategy of Romanticism to the “organic work” of Positivism. This is not to say that Poles had become ac­ customed to the loss of independ­ ence. The fierce pride in defeat, so well expressed by the romantic Juliusz Slowacki in his sonnet “Of­ fertory”, addressed to the “mournful widow Warsaw” in 1838, still served to characterize the patriots of the Positivist era: “/.../if you did kneel on the bloody ground ’Twas not to homage, but pick up the crown Which, fallen from your brow, lay at your feet.” With the intensification of Ger­ manizing and Russifying elements in the Russian and Prussian parti­ tions, Poles turned from revolu­ tionary politics to a stubborn resistance to be changed into Rus­ sians or Germans. The fight for national independence had changed somewhat into a struggle for cultural existence. Germaniza­ tion wasn’t such a terribly serious problem in the Austrian sector of Poland, which enjoyed quite a bit of political and cultural autonomy. In the Prussian and Russian sec- ------------- Robert ©©vdsogd----------------Robert Reedy Davison, 23, of 247 N. Second St., Lehighton, died Wednesday night in Geisinger Wyoming Valley Medical Center. Reedy Davison, Lehighton, he was a resident of White Haven for eight years prior to residing at Jim TYxorpe vjYtere Yie was a volunteer tor Fairview Hose Co. He was a resident of Lehighton since January, 1987, where he served on the Lehighton Fire Co. No. 1 Rescue Squad. Mr. Davison was employed as a plumbers assistant for the Need Plumbing Co., Lehighton. Surviving in addition to his parents are a brother, Rick Davison, White Haven; step­ brother, Michael Davison, Patricia A. Young Patricia A. Young, 16, of RD 1, Stillwater, died Thursday morning in General Hospital where she had been a nafipnt j Lehighton; sister, Mrs. Carlene M. Schulte, Jim Thorpe, step-sisters, Robin Marie Davison and Katrina M. Davison,C4XJIKJZC4X both VULO, of Lehighton; 1T1J. . UI1M Mrs. Robert Reedy, Blytheburn. Funeral will be held Saturday at 10:30 from the Graham-McCune that she was suspended from school in the Russian zone of parti­ tion for “dressing her hair in the Polish style.” Such an ostentatious display of nationalism had to be corrected before she could return to her lessons, which were, of course, taught in the Russian lan­ guage. The struggle then, shifted from the streets to the homes. Children were taught Polish history by their parents and brought up with the language of their forefathers. The Roman Catholic Church grew in importance in Orthodox “Russia” and Protestant “Prussia.” The role of women in this new struggle was greatly enhanced. There were many organizations staffed by women, who would go out into the villages and educate the peasants, spreading Polish national con­ sciousness among the farm-labor­ ing class. During this period of political stagnation many cultural achievements were recorded by Polish artists. Perhaps the most well-known of these successes were the two nobel prizes awarded GresteA poet Adam Mickiewicz, the greatest Polish poet to date. Like many Polish intellectuals of the Roman­ tic Age, Mickewicz was fated to live, create and die in exile. (Photo from Dzieje Lituratury Polskiej.) tors, however, the situation was radically different. Aleksandra Pilsudska, wife of General Jozef Pilsudski, tells us in her memoirs Fred Malkemes Next: Poland from 1914 to 1945. ------------------------- Margaret Kammerer ————— Mrs. Margaret Kammerer, 76, Zerby Avenue, Kingston. She was Saturday at 9 from the Joseph J. formerly of South Regent St., preceded in death by her husband, Nat Funeral Home, Park Avenue Wilkes-Barre, died Thursday Francis and by a son, Francis Jr. and South Street, Wilkes-Barre, tire life. Mrs. Kammerer was a great-grandchildren. Friends may call Friday from 1 to member of St. Hedwig’s Church, Funeral services will be held 9. Funeral Home, 80 S. Mountain Boulevard, Mountaintop, with in­ Jerry Gillespie, 93, of 56 Carroll terment in Albert Cemetery, Wright Township. Friends may St., Pittston, died Thursday in call Saturday from 9:30 to time of Veterans Administration Medical services. Center. Fred W. Malkemes, Country Club Apartments, Dallas, formerly of Shavertown, died Thursday night in Nesbitt Memorial Hospi­ tal. Funeral will be held from the Richard H. Disque Funeral Home, 672 Memorial Highway, Dallas, at a time to be announced. to Poles in 1905 and 1911: to Henryk Sienkiewicz, for his novel “Quo Vadis” and to Maria Sklodowska-Curie for her isolation of metallic radium. Also worth noting is the prolific literary career of Jozef Ignacy Kraszewski (1812-1887) who wrote over 600 volumes of prose, poetry and scholarly texts during his long life, along with the musical poetry of Maria Konopnicka (1812-1910), the revolutionary symbolist drama created by Cracovian plastic artist and poet Stanislaw Wyspianski (1869-19.07, an author allied with the later period of “young Poland.” rather than with Konopnicka’s age of “Positivism”, and the epic, historical canvases of Wyspianski’s mentor at the Cracow Academy of Fine Arts, Jan Matejko (1838-1893). Yet, although the war on the cul­ tural front was gloriously vic­ torious, the independence of Poland in a political sense would not come into being until after the bloody, destructive Great War of 1914-1918. --------Jerry Gillespie----- many years as a machinist at the Glen Alden Shops. He was a mem­ ber of St. Mary’s Assumption Church, Pittston, and John F. Kennedy Assembly 4th Degree Born in Pittston, son of the late Knights of Columbus. He also was Frank and Bertha Mooney a past commander of the John D. Gillespie, he attended Pittston Stark Post, American Legion. Surviving are his wife, former schools and was a Army veteran of World War I. Prior to his retire­ Cornelia Phillips Nealon; step-son, ment, Mr. Gillespie was employed John Nealon, Fairfax, Va.; two s tep-grandchildren. Funeral will be held Saturday at a time to be announced from the Donnelly-Callahan Funeral Home, 802 Susquehanna Ave., West Pitts­ ton, with Mass of Christian Burial in St. Mary’s Assumption Church. Interment will be in St. John’s Cemetery, Pittston. Friends may call Friday night 7 to 9. 7 persons enter guilty pleas j_*—j_ . . , . . Cnmnpl S Latnrre. Rvrri Sfroof wppkpnrk wifh credit for time �THE WILKES COLLEGE POLISH ROOM COMMITTEE IN COOPERATION WITH THE WILKES COLLEGE DEPARTMENT OF MUSIC PRESENTS WIESLAW PIEKOS, piano and PETER PAUL HAASE, violin in RECITAL Sunday, October 7, 1973 - 3 P.M. WILKES COLLEGE CENTER FOR THE PERFORMING ARTS �PROGRAM - PETER PAUL HAASE Nocturne.......................................... Fr- ChoPin A native from Chorzow, Poland, Mr. Haase finished Three Mazurkas •............. Fr. Chopin his music studies at the Katowice Conservatory, receiving Two Etudes, C Major Op. 10, No. 1.......... b minor Op. 25, No. 10 Fr. Chopin a Master of Arts title. ......K. Szymanowski Szecherezada Scherzo, b flat minor, Op. 31. . .. .Fr. Chopin In June, 1971, he received the Third Prize and a bronze medal at the International L. van Beethoven Competition in Hradec, Czechoslovakia. He has participated in many recitals in Poland, MR. PIEROS Czechoslovakia, and the United States. He has played with the State Orchestras of Opole, Katowice, Wroclaw, and Ostrawa, Czechoslovakia. Ciaccona. He has also appeared on T. Vitali Polish Radio and T.V., and WNYC, New York. Romanza Andaluza, Op. 22 P. de Sarasate Obertas, Op. 19. .H. Wieniawski Currently, Mr. Haase is studying at the Julliard School, under Professor Joseph Fuchs. Kujawiak, Op. 19, No. 2 .................H. Wieniawski the Julliard School Scholarship. G. Bacewicz Oberek. Legenda ................... . Polonaise, D Major, Op. 4 MR. HAASE AND MR. PIEKOS ,H. Wieniawski H. Wieniawski He received �WIESLAW PIEKOS - Born 1947 in Krakow, Poland. He has studied at Krakow and Warsaw Conservatories with Professor Regina Smendzianka. He has played with State Orchestras of Krakow, Lodz, Gdansk, and with the National Philhar­ monic of Warsaw. He has participated in many recitals and also appeared on Polish Radio. In 1970 and 1971, he received a music scholarship from the Fr. Chopin Society in Warsaw. In the summer of 1971, he studied with Tatiana Nikolajewa, U.S.S.R., at the International Music Seminars in Weimar, and Warsaw. Mr. Piekos is a recipient of the Zelosky Scholarship for Poles, administrated by the Kosciuszko Foundation, New York. His studies will be at the Julliard School, New York. �e t to e e >t Oi!) r. err rj (' r t- v » t nr 6 t tn isribofa c t>6 osfl^o or f», n o bnfi oofipoo r^c t ■, M M *" M l> | M M U Of.) H f.j M b “ ” M U tj « t* « O U & O O Q 0 0 O Q Q O 0 Q m O 0 O Q Q O Q Q U O Q(| 0Q □ O O OQ O OQ Q QQ Q OQ 0 QQO • f' <r>Q ™ " " " ,; *' '- 0 " '■ ” " u " “ " '.!" ".» 11 >i » n " D.'1« »B E “ L"' H » u y o o « g.? a &u . o o a a a o o o a bo go o o oo o �&'ft 3 - * ft ft ft (i ft ft . ft > fV a ft ft ■? ft. I PHOTC CT KCE HOFFMAN STUDIOS V ft MXES-BAKRE, PA. •'t- ) •’ <n n n «i ft n n n n n o n n n n n n n a n ft n n n n n n ft o a n □ n ■U ■- k ' n n i? r n n ;i r, n r; n r r, i>»} n o n n r: n n c c n ft ft n i’ ft r; ft ft ft n n oa6G n n n n n n n n ci ft fi h n ft a ft n a n n n n g 0 n n a n o n { J onnn p o n n n a r3 n a n n o a n n n n n a n n a naa naa ) ft o yc ■ �and Jan Eminent Polish, singer and a native Tatra highlander direct from Zakopane, Po­ land. Gromada’s Folk and Dance of PassaicJ Musi Ensemb N. J. �THE POLISH OF ROOM WILKES COM COLLEGE presents cAji bi. tj featuring ANDRZEJ BACHLEDA �t SUNDAY INDEPENDENT, WILKES-BARRE, PA., SUNDAY, JUNE 22, 1969 Hellersperk Furniture Artistry Will Feature Back Mt. Auction The ancient art of furni­ ture-making and furniturerefinishing is found rarely these days. It cannot be □ 3 □ 3 3 □ 3 3 3 r 3 3 o a 3 3 □ O □ 3 3 □ O 3 3 3 3 3 3 □ 3 □ □ 3 o c 3 3• 3 o 1 O □ 3 categorized as a lost art, but It can be classified as an art that is slowly giving way to the ma­ chines of man. Wyoming Valley has, how­ ever, one man who has acquired d the art of fine furniture-making id and has developed it to the highest degree. He is Stefan Hellersperk of West Dallas, whose creative pieces are found in many homes in Wyoming Valley and in honored-exhibi­ tion in the Polish Room of Wilkes College. In his worshop, with tools that were used centuries ago, Hellersperk carves, smoothes, sands, and polishes pieces of marble with infinite care. Through the magic in his fingers and the patience of Job, he transforms a rough unhewn piece of timber into a creation of true beauty. Built Altar The Russian Church in EdWardsville has a magnificent altar done by Hellersperk. Mrs. Hellersperk, the former Melania Kocyan, daughter of Dr. and Mrs. Joseph Kocyan of South Franklin Street, is also well-versed. A former model for the famed house of Schiaperelli in Paris, Mrs. Hellersperk is known as a national authority on fashions. The Hellersperks are actively engaged these days with the work of the antiques committee of the Back Mountain Library Annual Auction which will take place Thursday, Friday and Saturday at the Risely Barn in Dallas. Items such as those made and refinished by the Hellersperks will be available on the auction block during the three-day event that attracts thousands of people from Northeastern Pennsylvania. dej3 3 Br . Stc J de) 1 rep nr l wi i ha I to\l th J fn de an i Mrs. Stefan Hellersperk is seen assisting her husband with refinishing one of his fine antique church chairs to be featured at the Back Mountain Library Auction. �Pe>(<$h /95o- 1^75“ (2 �WILKES COLLEGE POLISH ROOM 25th ANNIVERSARY 1950-1075 ORG/HIZATION MEMBERS FIRST MEETING-1950 ’17 Aszuk, Emily £, Grosek, Anne (Maslow) 3, Bialogowicz, 4. Groblewski, Lucy * 5. Makowski, Mary * 6. Nitch, Victoria 7. Piekarski, Jean 8. Piszczek, Viola 9. Stefanski, Mrs. R. 10. Wnukowski, Sophie 11. Wojnarski, Nell 12. Znaniecki, Jule MAKOIrSKI HOME Nanticoke-June 1951 1. Drapiewski, Lottie 2. Drapiewski, Lorraine 3. Draoiewski, Ruth 4. Brookus, Natalie 5. Nork, Vicki 6. Kruszka, Betty (Janora; 7. Smith, Lucia 8. Ringawa, Winnie *9. Stepan, M. 10. Zawatski, Wanda 11. Wysocki, Del FIRST OPEN MEETING ILioym W^-Wilk^-Barrs Aoril 17, 1951 1. Andreeko, Sophie * 2. Dembitz, Mrs. T. 3. G1owacki, Zo si a 4. Grosek, Mr?;. A., Sr. 5. Grosek, I .sab el 6. Habick, Mrs. R. 7. Hellersperk, Melania 3. Ko cyan, So p hi e 9. Koons, Mary 10. Kresge, Mrs. Alex *11. Lester, Mrs. Joseph 12. Loughlin, Helen *13. Mazanowski, Mae *14. Peters, Marne 15. Pietkiewicz, Mrs. V# 16. Prisbeck, Jule 17. Rutkowski, Mrs. J.B. *18. Salack, Viola 19. Selecky, Helen 20. Skuzinski, Olivia *21. Stooks, Josephine *22. Stooks, Lottie 25. V/ojcik, Sophie 24. Yankowski, Jule -^Deceased STEFAIRSKI-TRAILV/OOD August 7, 1951 1. Glowacki, Marge 2. Hannon, Peg 5. Ki el ar, Rose 4. Trotski, OFFICERS ELECTED April 17, 1951 President Mrs. J. J. Kocyan Vice President-Jean Piekarski Jule Znaniecki SecretaryViola Piszczek PublicityAnne Grosek (Maslow) TreasurerMary Makowski Jean Piekarski (August 1951) 1951 EVENTS October 9 - M. Coleman -’’Eternal Values in Polish Life” - H. Laughlin, Ch. Mickiewicz - B. Mieszkowski Mary Koons November 5- Roy Eaton - KF 1950 Chopin Scholarship December 25-Admiral Stark Ballroom Winner (Thursday) Sterling Hotel First KF Ball - Jule Znaniecki, Ch. DIRECTORS & OFFICERS Nork, Vicki Draoiewski, Lorraine Feddock, Stacia Piszczek, Viola Glowacki, Mary Pagoda, Bertha Groblewski, Lucy Schwartz, Viola Hellersperk, Melania Skuzinski, Olivia Karmilowicz, xMary Stefanski, Mrs. R. Koons, Mary Tyburski, Casimira Kopicki, Rosemary Weiss, Mildred Kresge, Mrs. Alex Wojnarski, Hell Maslow, Anne (Grosek) Wo J cik, So plii e Znaniecki , Jule OFFICERS - 1975 President Vice-President Secretary Treasurer - Jule Znaniecki Nell Wo jn ar ski Vicki Nork Mildred Weiss (elected 1957) ��PHOTOGRAPHS^ bY tom erky 3$ at Swoyerswc, ; •-< �THE WILKES COLLEGE POLISH ROOM COMMITTEE in cooperation with the WILKES COLLEGE DEPARTMENT OF MUSIC presents Thomas Michalak, Violinist and Deborah Sobol, Pianist MONDAY, OCTOBER 3, 1966 8:30 P. M. WILKES COLLEGE CENTER FOR THE PERFORMING ARTS �Program Sponsors c , Andrew B. Bocianskl The Hen- & Mrs. ’Bernard C. Brominski & Mrs. Harold Coslett Mr. & Mrs. John Cresko Dr. & Mrs. Stanley Dombroski Mr. Edmund S. Drapiewski G-rosek and Sons Rev. Albert Kaczmarek Dr. & Mrs. Norman Karmilowicz Dr. & Mrs. Joseph Kocyan Miss Mary Koons Mr. & Mrs. Robert Kopicki Dr. & Mrs. Walter Kozik District Atty. & Mrs. Thomas E. Mack Mr. Edward Mazanowski Rev. Joseph Ostrowski Rt. Rev. Msgr. J. B. Pilny Mr. & Mrs. Joseph Piszczek Mr. & Mrs. Richard Stefanski Mr. & Mrs. Michael Weiss Mr. & Mrs. Vincent Znaniecki THOMAS MICHALAK. VIOLINIST Didra Irones, Accompanist March F. R. Labunski Toccatina F. R. Labunski Deborah Sobol Second Polonaise Brillante Henryk Wieniawski Second Concerto in D Minor (Romance and a la Zingara) Henryk Wieniawski Patrons Rev. Stanislaus Banas Dr. and Mrs Leo Bednark The Misses Irene and Catherine Biczysko Mr £ Mrs. Frank Boguszewski Mr. & Mrs. Frank Connell, Jr. Mr & m-r Alphonse EdmundoWicz Mr. &. Mrs. Louis Gawat Mr .& Mrs. Walter Gilewski The Hom & Mrs. Edward Gorka Dr. & Mrs. C. C. Groblewski Mr. & Mrs. Frank A. Groblewski Mrs. H. Guy Haupt Mr. & Mrs. Stefan Hellersperk Mr. & Mrs. Frank Kachenski P^ev. Joseph Kalinowski Rev. Stanislaus Kalinowski Rev. J. Kozlowski Mr. & Mrs. George H. Kocyan Mr. & Mrs. Edward J. Kopicki Dr. & ULtb. E. J. Kielar Mr. & Mrs. Alex Kresge Dr. & Mrs. Walter Krzywicki Dr. & Mrs. Walter Kuc Atty. & Mrs. Alexander J. Laffey Rev. A G. Lewandowski Mr. & Mrs. Charles Leonard Dr. Edward Makowski Mr. & Mrs. Clement Maslow Mrs. Joseph Mosier Mr. & Mrs. Edward A. Nork Dr. & Mrs. Edward P. Nork Miss Mary O’Connell Mr. & Mrs. Joseph O’Karma Atty. & Mrs. Peter P. Olszewski Atty. & Mrs. Daniel Ormanowski Mr. & Mrs. Edward Pawlak Dr. & Mrs. Frank Peters Dr. & Mrs. Joseph Piekarski Rt. Rev. Msgr. J. J. Podkul Polish National Alliance, Women’s Division Polish Women’s Alliance, Council' No. 1 Mrs. Maria Porwit Drs. Joseph & Halina Rushin Mr. & Mrs. Clement Sawicki Mrs. Clem Schwartz Mr. & Mrs. Joseph A. Skuzinski Mr. & Mrs. John B. Stetz Miss Ellen Strojny Mrs. Charles Telejszo Rev. Bernard A. Toloczko Mr. & Mrs. Stanley A. Urbanski Atty. & Mrs. Anthony W. Wallace Mr. & Mrs. John Wojcik Mr. & Mrs. Stephen Yanoshak Mr. & Mrs. Chester Zawadski Frederic Chopin Ballade No. 1 in G Minor Thomas Michalak INTERMISSION Grazyna Bacewicz “Kaprys Polski” for Violin Solo Roxana’s Song from Opera “King Roger" Karol Szymanowski Fontaine d’Arethuse Karol Szymanowski Thomas Michalak II Hopak (from 12 sketches) Severin Turel Nocturne in C Minor Frederic Chopin Polanaise opus 53 Ab Major Frederic Chopin Deborah Sobol III Burlesque Adam Andrzejowski Nocturne Ludomir Rozycki Oberek Grazyna Bacewicz Thomas Michalak �COMMITTEE HONORARY CHAIRMAN — MRS. JOSEPH J. KOCYAN CHAIRMAN — MRS. ANITA JANERICK TICKETS — MRS. CLEM SCHWARTZ PUBLICITY — MRS. CLEM MASLOW ARRANGEMENTS — MRS. VINCENT ZNANIECKI MRS. STANLEY DOMBROSKI MRS. FRANK PETERS MRS. ANTHONY WALLACE MRS. ALEX KRESGE ���ww a 7(7/ MOM ����PERSPEKTYWA POLSKA • 52 ~ panel display of Polish History -Aug.21-29, 1976 Saturday, august 21,1976 - 8:00 p.m.- - Reception at Cunningham Gallery SUNDAY, AUGUST 22- Lecture Room, Stark Science Center - slide lecture by George Riabow [®5 J 1 I I : t I------------------------------- U I IBS aip ib AtiUBpsijLQ pajdopB oqM — BiUBnipiq jo aqnp pusiS uaijM mog guiaq sbm uot;bu qsijo " a 4 OSb sj �Warszawa The American Institute The Wil An E ayid a. vqau Ajnno/txawt �Warszawa The American Institute The Wil Sat tot o{\ att^wbion and Mi a v&ttf tmno/vcant I ���Kosciuszko Foundation N OWSlcttCT Vol. XXX, No. 9 (298) Edited by EUGENE KUSIELEWICZ MAY, 1976 NATIONAL COUNCIL MEETING Mrs. Vincent Znaniecki addressing the National Council of The Kosciusiko Foundation. Board Chairman, Dr. Walter Golaski, left, and Foun­ dation President, Dr. Eugene Kusielewicz, second from left, listen. 7 VI (XI £ <0 22 id GO W For many years, a National Council existed to advise the Foundation’s Board of Trustees. A lack of staff to service the National Council adequately prevented it from being little more than a group of passive local repre­ sentatives whom the Foundation called upon from time to time for assistance. The growth of the Foundation over the last five years has made it impera­ tive to convene a meeting of this group. On Friday evening, April 31st, twen­ ty members of the National Council met to express their views on the work of the Foundation, suggesting a num­ ber of ways of improving its services. Nine members of the Board of Trustees were present for the discussion. At the end of the three hour session. Thaddeus Kowalski, Richard Kubiak, Stan­ ley Opalka, Witold Kawecki and John Wlodkowski were chosen to prepare a summary of the deliberations. At Satur­ day’s meeting of the Board of Trustees, Thaddcus Kowalski presented the fol­ lowing recommendations to the Board. SUGGESTIONS OF THE NATIONAL COUNCIL 1. A task force should be organized to analyze the goals and priorities of the Foundation. It should be composed of creative persons, not necessarily members of the Foundation; people with fresh ideas. It should include at least one representative of the media, at least one specialist on education and a financial expert. 2. The Foundation ought to pack­ age cultural and educational programs for local organizations and schools, with an emphasis on lecture, musical pro­ grams, films and exhibits. 3. The Foundation ought to inau­ gurate a membership drive. To help in this, the Foundation ought to produce a directory' of its members, and of Po­ lish American business and professional men. 4. The Foundation ought to under­ take the publication of a Polish Ameri­ can Who’s Who. 5. The Foundation ought to at­ tempt to have nationwide sports and entertainment figures, like Bobby Vin­ ton, endorse its work and call on the public for support. 6. The Foundation ought to revise its membership brochure, using modern public relations techniques. 7. The Foundation ought to at­ tempt to include younger persons among its Board of Trustees, and to have some persons under thirty represented on the National Council. 8. The Foundation ought to con­ sider having the National Council elect at least one of its members to the Board of Trustees, to provide more adequate liaison between the two groups. 9. The Foundation ought to work more closely with other Slavic groups, as many problems of the Polish Ameri­ can community are shared by other Slavic groups. 10. The Foundation ought to im­ prove its telephone service, including the addition of at least one additional line. 11. The Foundation ought to im­ prove the salaries of its staff, if it wishes to hold on to those persons now work­ ing for it. Likewise, the Foundation must find ways of increasing its staff. �•» * A * * * �����Luzerne County Bicentennial Commission HOLIDAY FAIR ’76 An International Celebration of Winter Holiday Traditions December 3-5,1976 Main Rotunda Luzerne County Court House �HOLIDAY fair '76 participating Organizatic Bishop Hoban High School Band ■Ons md IMlWauata BishopO’Reilly High School Band ^holic Slovak Women’s Club of Luzerne County Ceili Dancers y Mr. Robert Dudeck Paulette Gallo at the Harp Greater Wilkes-Barre Friendly Sons of Saint Patrick Holy Resurrection Russian Orthodox Cathedral Choir Holy Rosary Church Choir Holy Transfiguration Ukrainian Church Italian American Civil Rights League Jewish Community Center of Wyoming Valley Mr. and Mrs. J. Edwin Johnson King's College Foreign Language Clubs Mr. Erhard Kohler Lithuanian Alliance of America T .i thiiani an Combined Church Choirs of Wyoming Valley Lithuanian Women's Club of Wyoming Valley Luzerne County Vietnamese Community Singers Marion Terrace Troubadours Dr. and Mrs. Grihapati Mitra Negro Women's Community League The New Community Singers O'Donnell Irish Dancers Orchestra aad Chorus Pulaski Committee Saint Anthony's Maronite Church Saint David' s Society Mr. and Mrs. Clyde Sampson Slovak Heritage Society Mr. and Mrs. Raymond Stiller Wilkes College Foreign Language Chorus Wilkes College Polish Room Committee Wyoming Junior Women's Club Wyoming Seminary Carolers THE ADVENT WREATH by Reverend Norman Beck lighting of the Advent traditions of Advent is the ofdeen^n the most beautiful Wreath One is to PUIPose of the Advent passes from Advent un^erstandlnff of Christmas. As time Wreath ctok in S to the Vigil of Christinas, the Christn^^si Until U is ^placed finally by the life wh-inh u H and tree - the symbols of Christ and the eternal ±ne which He has won for us. The Wreath is a simple circle of evergreens, with a or bases to hold the four candles in the circle. One large one can be placed in the center for Christmas Eve. base lighted at the Family Altar very The same candle is reThe first candle should be . .. An additional canon Saturday evening preceding Advent. Tn lighted each evening throughout the week.successive weeks. of the three die is lighted during each " fhree s Candle - represents royalty - The King-is Coming. the Univer­ First Week - Purple Candle represents sality of God's Love. Second Week - Green Pinlc Candle - represents Calvary Third Week - Red or Candle1-'represents Resurrection. - White - Christ Is Born. Fourth Week - White t arize Middle Candle THE GERMAN CHRISTMAS by Frank N. Henry German traditions are the basis for many of thP Christmas customs in the United States and much of Eu^^nt The legend of the German St. Nicholas has been adopted * erous ways giving rise to customs of gift giving bolic Christmas characters such as the American Santa ria It was a Germantree teacher who inand colonial times first the Christmas to America started an endurinztr^ tion. One of the best loved Christmas carols, "0 Taimpn^/,, originated in Germany as a salute to the Christmas tree. In Germany, Christmas is known as the Feast of therh ■ Child, an indication of the German emphasis on the reldCri2riSt significance of the observance. -4POUS Advent parties which center on the home and familv part of the customary preparations for the Feast of Christm^ Advent music is a traditional element of parties and Dre-™5' Christmas celebration. Christmas carols and music are fir sung on Christmas Eve, continuing to the Feast of the EDinh any on January 6. "Silent Night" is one of the more fanrm? German carols which has been adopted throughout the world goosealthough is the feature of the traditional Gereen Christ mas The Dinner, in Southern Germany baked piglet ic ft vored. Little cookies called PALATZLI are baked forHblidX" festivities. Gifts for children are the emphasis inGenrS while adults exchange hand-made personal gifts. TIMES OF HARVEST IN INDIA by Dr. Grihapati Mitra The harvesting time starts in late October and ends by January. Three inportant celebrations similar to Thanks­ giving are performed during this time in India. These are "Annakuta" (hill of rice), "Navanna" (the newly grown rice), and "Pausaparvana" (celebration during the month of Pausa). During the time of Annakuta or Navanna the upper middle class families make plenty of food and are prepared to share the food with those who are less fortunate. "Those who cook only for themselves are sinful ones eating sin." The mythological story behind the Annakuta is also interesting. After suf­ fering through a thunderstorm and heavy monsoon that caused flooding the people once more reaped a plentiful harvest by the mercy of God. The pilgrims in this country had to go through a bitter cold season and could appreciate the mercy of God. Navanna is celebrated as follows: Early morning the villages are echoed with the sound of conch shells. At the entrance of all houses there are white painted decorations. TCie symbols of lotus, conch shells and flying birds are distinctly noticeable. At the two cornors of the doors snail pitchers with the sign of "Swastika" are kept. On the topo the doors there are marks of vermilion and small bunches o Paddy are tied at the side of the doors. The people on this W worship the goddess of prosperity or the mother nature. 'Hie harvesting time is over by early January, ibst and ,^anners try to store rice for the rest of the yeaf and sell the rest. From the few dollars they make they buy t^i^SeS 3116 toys for the children, enjoy a real vegefeast, and celebrate with music and dancing. CHRISTMAS IN IRELAND by George Hom During the middle ages, St. Patrick (4cm , the Nativity to the Irish people. J introduced In some sections of Ireland a quaint and interesting custom was practiced in medieval Hn^1Usually before midnight the big bell of the church would hl 0116 its slow and solemn message of mourning and ittotoli continue for the whole hour as if tolling fnA thus at the moment of midnight, just as the clock But all the bells would suddenly ring out in a merrAJ Alve’ Christmas joy. This tolling from eleven to twX?™ °f the devil's funeral - for according to the old i ,wJscalled devil died when Christ was born. These traditinnEend the ried on until the sixteenth century when the ReStt?3 During the English persecution in Ireland, religionwas suppressed and the people had no church. When Christmas came, they left their doors unlocked and placed a burning candle in the window, so that any priest who happened to be in the neigh­ borhood would be welcome and guided to their home and received with the devout fervent prayers of gratitude and tears of happiness that their home was to become a church. To justify this practice in the eyes of the English soldiers, the Irish people explained: "We burn a candle and keep our doors unlocked so as Mary and Joseph looking for a place to stay will find their way to our home and be wel­ comed with open doors and open hearts." The English author­ ities, finding this Irish superstition harmless, did not both­ er to suppress it. The candles in the windows have always remained a cherished practice to the Irish although many of them have long forgotten the earlier significance. In many countries, Christmas Cakes are baked on the Eve of the Feast and eaten during the season and are to bring special blessings of good luck and health. In Ireland, a cake was baked on Christmas Eve for every member of the family. These were circular in shape and flavored with caraway seeds. If anyone happened to break the cake it was an omen of bad luck. The Gaelic name for Christmas Eve is "0 idhchena Ceapairi" which means night of cake. HANUKKAH MID-WINIER JEWISH HOLIDAY by Sy Hefter and Richard M. Rabin Hanukkah, also known as the Feast of Lights and t e Festival, of Dedication, is an eight day mid-winter holiday conrnemorating the victory of the Maccabees (Mattathias, five sons and their adherents) over the Syrian-Greeks or Seleucids, in 164 B.C.E. in Palestine. The ^ian-Grir^.r~ inposed their pagan religion on the Jews and des^cra_>c„_.fi Temple in Jerusalem. The Jews revolted in order to p their religious integrity and drove the Syrian-Gree the country and out of Jerusalem. They cleansed ppqhees cated the Temple. The legends told that when the went to light the Temple Candelabra, they found only small vial of pure oil. Miraculously the oil length days and, therefore, the holiday is kept for th of time. The festival is celebrated nightly With the kindling of the lights of a special can hold eight candles. There is a space known as the Shamas which is used to lign ^sual practice is to light one candle tn increase the number by one on each sUCC®?L on the eve of the eighth day, eight can the candelabra is lighted, it is cus^on^Z_, window to alert forgetful passersby to hurry their own candelabras. In some homes, eaci °wn candelabra and light it at the same erv Jewish hems extra candle others. The . night and to evening until li^ted-After place it home and ^^his the parents. �It is said that fried food for Hanukkah is P°pl^Scie. Horn (493) introduced id a quaint and unusually in medieval times. One hour he church would begin to toll urning and it would thus tolling for a funeral. But ; the clock struck twelve, out in a merry peal of eleven to twelve was called g to the old legend the These traditions were carF when the Reformation took on in Ireland, religion was urch. When Christmas came, placed a burning candle in lappened to be in the neighto their home and received jratitude and tears of xxne a church. he eyes of the English "We burn a candle and nd Joseph looking for a our home and be wels." The English authoron harmless, did notbothle windows have always Irish although many of significance. iakes are baked on the season and are to bring alth. In Ireland, a very member of the family. ored with caraway seeds. it was an omen of bad Sve is ”O idhehena cause cooking with oil is reminiscent of the Depending upon where they lived, people have adapted recipies and originated a wide variety of dishes OTCh tato pancakes, fritters and fried pastries for Haniukk^:a most conrron dish used in America is the Latka or the pot pancake which is served in heaping piles with apple sauce sour cream. In Israel, the most popular food for Hanukkan is the doughnut. It is customary to give presents on Hanukkah, mainly to children. At various periods in different places, the holiday provided an opportunity to bestow gifts vpon a par­ ticular segment of the conrnunity. In Eastern Europe, teach­ ers as well as students often received Hanukkah gelt (money) and among the Jews of Salonica, gifts of clothing and useful household items were traditionally given to newlyweds at Hanukkah, whereas, children received candy and money. Giving gifts on Hanukkah is not, as is sometimes inplied, merely imitative of Christmas. Both customs undoubtedly originated from a similar human desire to add joyousness to the somber days of winter, each religion explaining its traditional gift-giving by relating it to the origins of its respective holiday. r ITALIAN CHRISTMAS TRADITIONS by Marino Sinonetti The Italians have a female Santa Claus called Lady B&fana, who distributed gifts on Epiphany while children roamed the streets blowing paper trumpets. legend has it that when Christ, was bom the shepherds told her of the wondrous hap­ pening and the guiding star, but she delayed setting out. Every Christmas since, she has wandered in search of the Holy Child leaving gifts at each house in the hope that He might be within. Like Santa Claus, Lady Befana comes down the chimney. One of the most colorful Christmas customs is that of the pipers, or pifferai. During Advent, shepherds attired in sheepshin trousers, flaming red vests and broad-brinmed hats with red tassels and white peacock feathers, march into the towns from the outlying districts. They carry bagpipes, reeds and oboes, on which they play sweet music before each shrine to the Holy Child. They pause, too, before carpenter shops in honor of Joseph. Often they are invited into homes jvhere they sing old carols and folk songs. JLIDAY ■ and Richard M. Rabin st of Lights and the y mid-winter holiday bees (Mattathias, his e Syrian-Greeks or The Syrian-Greeks had vs and desecrated the in order to preserve =■ Syrian-Greeks out of 'cleansed and redediLt when the Maccabees iey found only one _ lasted ^re forei^t roil lasted J the saw length Jewish home ,ly in every/f^hicb ''’-i'1abrawnio“ ecial candle e for one extra gbt the ^d to E first “nS Etil e^sive eV®^ed.After dies are in the J The Ceppo, a wooden pyramid-shaped stand with three shelves, has been Italy1s equivalent of a Christmas tree for many years. It came into existence as a substitute for the burning of the Yule Log; its shape represents the flames. The Presepio or manger scene, found in every Italian home, was placed on the lower shelf reserved for it. These figures were often hand-carved and there was considerable conpetition to see who would create the most unusual and impressive ones The next shelf above the crib held small gifts for children secretly put there by parents, relatives and friends Candles that were fastened to the tapering sides were always liehted on Christmas Eve. ea "KUCIU VAKARAS" LITHUANIAN CHRISTMAS EVE by Nellie T. Bayoras For the Lithuanian children, Christmas traditionally starts the night before Christmas Eve with supper. ^ith » flaySr Of hav Bef,ore sundown the table is spread ^Jfoods ^ds "KucS a white liBen tablecloth. Then aS f put on the table. of the g^ed or£ ge- herring, beet soup with little ears, f (oaWeal P di peJas> beans, sauerkraut salad, biscuits whole wheatseed with honey, Christmasdried Ev f^lve conpo S11n?ai) > POPPY milk, Lshroans, n-^a?Ple 311(1 a blessed wafer (plotkele). . e twelve P° e to be served because they correspond t ^os at the Last Supper. their When the first star appears, thegg,1takes able-|S^ Christmas Eve prayer. The head of the hous usually wafer, breaks a piece and passes it to th it to th the mother, wishing good health, and she P ,.h with eaCT others seated at the table, wishing g°°d h a the tablebreak. Each person partakes of each fo° , members of empty chair is at the table for the departed"gr for the family and food is left on the table after spirits who come to visit on Christmas to the stahi>St ^thuanian villages some hay and food is taken and birds JwTfi, *i_the head of the house to feed the animals Present whin - excePtion of the horses; they were not fed and Christ was born), if the animals were not well tent the family would not have good fortune. tablpni^5her TJPPer> each one takes a straw from beneath the Chrio+nwo“,and S063 into the living room where the decorated chiirinon tre<! stands with ornaments made from straw by the na<»oHen\Candy’ fruit> and lighted candles. The gifts are onT^h+u311? eaCh one ^veals the length of his straw. The n the longest straw can expect a long and happy future. Then the children take a nap in preparation forgoing to church for the Midnight Mass or, as the Lithuanians say, "Berneliu Misos", where they wait for the pastor to sing out joyfully, "Sveikas Jezau Gimusis". POLISH WINTER HOLIDAYS by Dr. Lidia Kopemik As in all Nations, the winter holidays in Poland have a special meaning for the children. The approach of Winter is heralded by Advent which reo resents the four thousand years of waiting for the Messiah The fast follows the 30th of November, a night of witchcraft The "Andrzeyki", as it is called, is a pagan feast, which sur­ vived a thousand years of Polish Christianity, it has been retained as a means of giving young people an opportunitv tn enjoy themselves before they undertake the hardships of a long fast. About a week before Christmas Eve the homes are visits by groups of youngsters carrying "shopka", a homaiadp „,LSlted theater. The young puppeteers present plays, deoictinf^?61 flight of the Holy Family from Egypt and the birth o?Lthe Child Jesus. 1 xtle While the children are busy with their parents are engaged in the serious business n-pPUPPets> the for the "vigilia". This is a supper on the r,LPr!Paration Traditionally, twelve dishes are served in ^istmas the 12 Apostles. It is still Advent, so the7^T1Oration of ' less. A variety of seafood, pancakes, pieroS neat­ stuffings, mushrooms, desserts, tortes, and Various served on symbolic a snow white tablecloth, owrT^s are of straw, of Christ's birthspread into SveJ thjjl lay? always an extra place setting for an unexpJSe?* ‘ is "onlatn? meal is served after the ceremony of sharing the whiip hK ’ The hosts carry a holy wafer in their hands and, friendc it; with the assembled family mentoers and all mt ariDrace them and wish a happy holiday. After guests have been offered the oplatek, a signal is given the ^SHia. The host toasts his guests with wine and meaJ- is taken in a joyous atmosphere. After the meal, everyone moves to the living room to the Christmas tree. It is adorned with decorations, uanonade over a period of many weeks by the entire family. e ^ree is lit up with burning colorful wax candles. A danger stands under the tree. Brightly decorated presents opened and everybody sings "kolendy" (Christmas carols). evening is ended with everyone going to Church to Tasterka" (Midnight Mass). Christmas Day is a day of relax­ ation and of a quiet dinner, frequently buffet style, to Permit the hostess a well-deserved rest after the hectic Preparations for Christmas Eve. With the approach of Epiphany on the 6th of January, the Winter Holidays come to an end. In — —- towns -----------snail and villages, priest made their rounds of houses, inscribing with chalk, the initials of the three Maji above the entrance door to bless the households and to ward off bad luck. RUSSIAN CHRISTMAS EVE by Mrs. Anne S. Russin The Christmas Eve Supper is a favorite and well estab­ lished custom among the Russian people. The Orthodox Christians fast five weeks in order to prepare themselves for the Feast of the Nativity. The Christ­ mas Eve Supper begins at the appearance of the first Evening Star. The table cloth denotes the purity of Christ. A thin layer of straw underneath the cloth denotes the humbleness of the stable in which Christ was born. One lighted, blessed candle in the middle of the table is significant of the Light of the World, Christ. Wheat symbolizes the body of Christ and the Resurrection; the Bread, the Staff of Life. Nd in­ dividual dishes are used. Everyone shares the corrmon bowl to denote unity and family solidity. Extra place settings of silverware are placed for the Christ Child, for those family members who live in distant cities, and those who have died during the year. The evening meal begins with a prayer. The head of the house breaks a piece of the Opalenik (a round flatbread) and gives it to everyone at the table. Each person eats a piece of garlic, symbolic of bitter days, and dips bread in honey, representing the sweetness of life. The twelve courses of Christmas Eve Supper, symbolic of Christ’s twelve disciples, are served separately starting with bitter food and ending with sweet dishes. All are Lenten dishes _ no dairy products are used, with the fast broken after midnight. Each of the twelve dishes has a special meaning. The sueet and bitter foods remind us that in following Christ we must be ready to bear bitter moments with the same patience and understanding that we accept life's happier moments. Grain di shes remind us of daily bread and the Bread from Heav­ en the lord Jesus Christ. Sweet wine is served for life's iovs Ttie menu may vary, however, not only from area to area inyRussia, but from family to family as well. During the course of the meal, no one is allowed to the table; the mother is the only one who serves the In some homes, the mother blesses each course as she i ps it on the table. In other homes, the mother blesses P^hchild and puts honey on their foreheads. In some homes eac“ e washes his face in cold water with silver coins, so e^^they ^y 136 strong and P°ssess sterling character as that of silver. �The head the house prays andthree each one follows him thevSss theofcomers of the table times, so that eZilv sill stay together. In unity and prayer for the the family i is tradition of blowing out the candle ccna^ I every eye is focused on the path of the smoke at ^1C^J>uldering candle travels. If it goes upward, the of the intact next year. Each member of the group will assOTO^ to biow the candle out Also> the family has a c of Wen they retuxri) they go out and bring carrying?"; they answer: "Luck are asked. «na ( leftover food is thrown into the with the-Help ^rbage » 1= burned' A 'TRADITIONAL SLOVAK CHRISTMAS THE CHRISTMAS TRADITIONS OF SWEDEN by J. Clyde Sanpson Beauty and charm are woven into the haunting of the story ofof Santa Sweden ’s maiden nnselic herald the Lucia Christmas season. Early in +v,the gfof December 13th, the eldest daughter of a SweSj"?^ ilv, robed ingreens a long white with dress,white and wearing iingonberry studded candles, aesStedbv her borthers and sisters, carries a tray of coffee St colored Lucia bunsistoushered her parents bedside, this Christmas season into the Swedishinfa^ly^T* e lasts until the 13th of January. Christnns is the LS/ vians antidote to darkness, their way of breaking w2te?a" hold. s by Zlata Tuhy When the first star appears on Christmas Eve, it means that the days and weeks of preparation have come to an end and that the anticipated Birthday of the Christ Child is here. It has been almost a complete fast day, because mothers and older sisters have been busy with baking and cooking. Because the Christ Child's first bed was a manger, the table is first strewn with hay and then covered with a cloth. The family sleeps on a straw covered floor and not in beds. The supper is a very simple and meager one, because the Christ Child came in poverty and humility. It begins with the aplatky or Christmas wafers, which the father rubs gently with a clove of garlic and then makes a sign of the cross on with honey. The wafer means that the "Word was made flesh and dwelt among us", and the honey the purity and sweetness of Christ's life. This is followed by the yucha, or sauer­ kraut soup, made of tiny balls of bread dough, then sprin­ kled with poppy seed and honey, accompanied by a compote of prunes and dried pears. The tree, an evergreen symbolizing eternal life, has been trimmed with golden nuts, strings of cranberries, tiny red apples, figs and other dried fruits, pine cones, cookies, marzipan and tiny tapers. Christinas Day is for the family, spent in games and divinations after feasting on the Christmas goose. Tiny can­ dles , stuck in nut shells, are set afloat in a pan of water. If a shell floats toward the center, that person will go on a long journey. The candle that burns the longest promises the longest life. Whose candle rpmains upright the longest fore­ tells the best husband or wife. The grown-ups, cracking nuts, trust the nut is not spoiled, for a bad one foretells the death of the opener. An apple is pared in one unbroken spiral and then the spiral is tossed over the left shoulder; the initial it forms foretells the initial of the future spouse. If, when cut in half cross-wise, the apple core reveals a perfect star and plunp seeds, health and happiness will be the fortune for another year. At midnight, the young ladies with marriage on their minds step out to listen for the barking of a dog. The direction from which the bark is heard, foretells the direction from which the husband will come. December 26 is the day of carols and the children go iron one house to another as if on a pilgrimage to sing carols and recite Christmas greetings. They are rewarded with pen­ nies and Christmas goodies. The climax of the season is not Christmas Dav hut Christmas Eve (perhaps this too bears significance to ness). Coming to dinner through blue-black streets haXZ the door of welcome thrown open and the yellow light sun B denly burst into the dark, are part of the traditions of Christmas in Scandinavia. In the embracing warmth of the living room, the toasts "Skol" over a mug of hot glooe- nr => taste of akvavit initiate the chatter on the way to the din ing room and the table under the coppery glow of candlelight On Christmas Eve, the biggest, the richest, most lavish riTi of the year is served. After dessert, the plates of- cookies ■ and cakes are passed from hand to hand and the coffeepot is continually refilled. In its signs and symbols and in its foods, a Scandi­ navian Christmas seems to hover somewhere between this cen­ tury and the last. The people want the traditional foods, the ones they had in childhood, and they see to it that they get them. Where but in Scandinavia could such a fuss still be made over rice porridge? Few are the homes that would be without it on Christmas Eve. With sugar and cinnamon, the top is adorned with a pat of butter spreading out into a sunburst. The Christmas ham, like the smorgasbord, must be a big one; big enough to yield as many between-meal snacks as the family's appetites (always large at this time of the year) may dictate. Che other requisite of a Swedish Christmas is lutefisk, a sun-dried, lime-cured ling, a relative of the cod. How long the Swedes have eaten these two simple foods, the lutefisk and the rice porridge as part of their Christ­ mas celebration, no one knows, but the custom of havinglute­ fisk dates back at least four centuries to Catholic Sweden, when it was the fast, rather than the feast of Christmas. Lutefisk is always served with a white sauce, melted butter, green peas, boiled potatoes and lots of freshly ground black pepper and mustard. The rice porridge dessert is a humble but appropriate ending to a meal that pays homage to the past. Sweden's roots are agricultural and presentJ^y toms reflect the days when most people lived in the Many ornaments are made of straw, a reminder of hc^ was spread on the farmhouse floor, sometimes to.a P four feet, to suggest the manger, and how the who would all but nest in it, taking their meals there, and charging around in the straw in pursuit of t nR games. The farm animals, too, shared in the festivi they munched extra rations of their favorite i ’ ole the little Christmas elf, the nisse, who, as manyJ*?Pa believed, lived in the barn, was always provided hiS bowl or porridge on Christmas Eve. The nisse s naDer Place in the festivities, and his image cut out of P P6 still figures importantly as a decoration. dep^ M sunrise, the ta .s very to the animals. beset the house. father Late afternoon, after ^chores into the’house. In takes the sheaf of wheat m Ukrainian: "Khrystc>s the doorway,,he gr^Sjg ^0 to Sich all present respond: SW %). Hethen P aoesjhe feeder ancestors whose spirits will be present at the supper. While mother is finishing last chores, the children watch for the first star and announce it with enthusiasm. At this moment, father breaks a "Palanytsia" (a flat cake) later on referred to as "Proskoorka" (consecrated wafer), and ex­ tends best wishes to all members of the family. ing, the harvest next year will be abundant. ^uyta is , followed by "Holubtsi", cabbage rolls, rice or buckwheat and peas. The fourth dish is "Borsch" with mushrooms. Then fol­ lows: Sauerkraut soup, jellied fish, fried fish, ''varenyky" (dunplings) with a number of fillings, buckwheat cereal, ap­ ple strudel, and stewed fruit. One seat at the table is emp­ ty; it is reserved for the souls of the departed. Candles that are lighted at the beginning of the supper, burn all ni?ht- No one 6065 to before dawn since be- 'S “F-- �UKRAINIAN CHRISTMAS TRADITIONS by Oksana Krawczeniuk SEWS twice. Meanwhile, the children are in the care of their gran thprs being taught Christmas carols while the teena£er8 ~ ZS X. On Decoder 24 parents get up at 2.30 The head of the family goes to the well to get s00® X "pxXn" water, to be used for cooking. The mother nuts "Kblatch" (a special Christmas bread in the form of a wreath) into the oven to bake. "Kutya" (cooked wheat, cooled and seasoned with honey, ground poppy seeds, chopped apples and walnuts) is soaked in water. The new pots, pans, utensils are brought into the kitchen. Special ceremonies acconpany the lighting of the oven, since "God's food" and food for the departed souls is cooked. Twelve dishes are prepared for the Holy Stepper. At sunrise, the father goes to the stables to tend the animals and feed them. It is very important that the animals be content, because on Christmas Eve, God and the souls of the ancestors cane down and talk to the animals. If they find discontented animals, evil will beset the house. late afternoon, after the chores are done, father takes the sheaf of wheat and carries it into the house. In the doorway, he greets the family in Ukrainian: "Khrystos Razhdayetsia" (Christ Is Bom) to which all present respond: "Slavim Yoho" (Praise Him). He then places the sheaf under the Ikon, in the right-hand comer of the room, a place of honor, because the sheaf symbolizes innumerable ancestors uhose spirits will be present at the simper. ^-her 18 finishixig last chores, the children J- "inrtya'^sre^^ ^Jaken their seats at the table, throws it to the reilSg S a of it and W. the harvest Srt^far in to the bi­ followed by "HolubtZ" XS ^1?bund3nt- "Kuyta" is Pe^. The fourth dish\Z^c^ l ;hriCe °r buckwheat and J^s: Sauerkraut soJ jeluffSi ^h5°Om8- ™en fol~ (JWlings) with a number of fintSi hle£?Sh’ "^nyky" Pie strudel, and stewed fruit buckwheat cereal, apg it is reserved S thXls^f the table 18 ttert are lighted at the begSX L^P^^. Chndles through the night No of the suPPer, bum all Srr*enter the house. II „ZLSer 2ver.«» earthX and CHRISTMAS CUSTOMS AND TRADITIONS OF WALES f cUst ArthUr EVanS the estnw? ofCotherdr.traditions of Wales very MieJ^lished (Ane??11111^68- In 1811 Wales broke avayfI^s Ms a™-*, >»<! Puritanical observanf f°rm of -J! worship services were conpletely hear7^Ce °f ChS,2Lllturgy- This was very evident in the Nei+ho0f ^yone dreZ3^' 1 not recall, nor have I ever we ev£h!d to personate "Father Christmas • 35 a Holy Dav bave Christmas trees in the home. Christy W and was so observed. HOLIDAY FAIR '76 In celebration of the LICHT of God's 1OVE f°r Mrs. Melania Hellersperk FIRST LADY OF THE FAIR °r turkey, our Christmas dinner consisting of fv?? Pudding and o -,the framings, topped off with good old children hung the luscious sauce. On Christmas Eve the On ChriSf stockings up on the mantle over thefireup to see wJ+^x.?01111116’ bright and early, they would stockings usual!„ fa^er Christmas had left for them. The lots of nuts u "eld a candy pig an orange, an apple, and • How happy the children would be! in which I^i'^d °ne custom which was peculiar to the region over him would * A ^h 3X1 imitation of a horse's head The man of thD tO a Particular house and knock on the door. ing it unnid ■ OUSe would go to the door and, without openreplv in vo Ulcluire who was there. The man outside would then the ? *he tune of a Welsh folk song. It was same °f the 115121 inside to reply in verse, using the for m><+ SO11E or one of his own choosing. This could go on " e a tune, which we through was truly remarkable. u pother custom which I believe was peculiar to the urch I attended was called "Plygain", its literal trans­ lation was "Break of Dawn". A service was called for the break of dawn on Christinas. One entered ^*xu=xc<x the vuvcx u^x «x outer door of the church, but before one was allowed through the inner door, one had to sing, recite, or say a prayer pertaining to the Nativity. . Each valley had either a Gymanfa Ganu (phonetically "gumanva ganny") or an oratorio performance. In our valley a Gymanfu Ganu, a hymn singing festival, was held by the Congregational Churches, with a guest conductor. The morn­ ing service was for children. The afternoon and evening services were for adults, Most of the best Welsh hymn tunes were sung for the first time in these singing festivals. Other areas might celebrate with an oratorio. Almost every conrnunity in Wales had it oratorio society. Usually one of the larger churches would decide to perform a particular or­ atorio, and singers from the other churches would join with than. THE LEGEND OF SAINT NICHOLAS by Mrs. Anna S. Russin The Legend of St. Nicholas dates back to the fourth nx,irv st. Nicholas was made a Bishop while still a bov and bSme the Patron of Children As legend has it, he gave of gold to three daughters of a man who could not afford ba^4L, From this legend grew the custom of giving toys and J^Sst countries. This custom has been transferred to Christmas. qt Nicholas is known by many names. In England h« Jr Christmas; in France, LePere Noel; Kriss KringJ £ S"O1“S‘ St' N1Ctol“ United Stares, st Nicholas was brought to the United States by the q mtch settlers and is conveniently dressed inmedie^ early The American conception of Santa Claus c™T Dutch Moore's "The Night Before Christnns^S58 from 1823 and Thomas Nast's famous portrait in ^66 jeiuowman In celebration of the LIGHT of MAN'S LOVE f°r h Mr. Marino Simonetti CHAIRMAN - HOLIDAY FAIR 'b Mr. Louis Butera CO-CHAIRMAN Mr. Peter J. Clarke COORDINATOR - COURT HOUSE THE LUZERNE COUNTY BICENTENNIAL COMMISSION Steering Conrnittee Chairman Attorney Arthur Silverblatt General Chairman Festival USA Chairman Ethnic Events Advisory Council Mrs. Melania Hellersperk, Chairman Sy Hefter Frank N. Henry Dr. Walter Karpinich Mrs. Oksana Krawczeniuk John Mattern Howard B. Fedrick Executive Director Attorney Frank G. Harrison Mr. John Mattern Mrs. Nellie Bayoras Richard Muzyka Mrs. Helen Selecky Marino Simonetti Dr. Clement Valletta Mrs. Jule Znaniecki paul Lauer Howard B. Fedrick w> Brague Field Director THE LUZERNE COUNTY TOURIST PROMOTION ACENCY Executive Director Paul Lauer THE BOARD OF COMMISSIONERS - LUZERNE COUNTY Mr. Frank P. Crossin, Chairman Mr. Ectand C. WideMh, Jr. stephen A "Some day after we have mastered the winds, the vravoo tides, and gravity, we will harness for GCD +hZ ^ es* the LOVE; and then for the second time in the hi^tXJ?16?168 of world MAN will have discovered FIRE!" tory of the -Teilhard De Chardin ���* MJ J ■ M M J I Ml 'I I J -I i I Ml Ml . I I MJ ( M M I < M U- I M I -J I I MM- I I III. M 'll >1 ■ , > i I n .J ( I Ct ( 111 G o G Q r : ! I I : CM ■ ■ I I , J.H | fl I ’ U,. <■ < »«j i • Cl G C, G O (» 0C’ �B—10 SUNDAY INDEPENDENT, WILKES-BARRE, PA^ MARCH 19, 1978 At Wilkes College Polish Union Will Sponsor ‘Heritage Day9 on April 8 Wilkes College will host “A Polish American Ex­ perience,” Saturday, April 8, at the Eugene Shedden Farley Library. The one-day event is being sponsored by the Polish Union of U.S.A. in cooperation with Wilkes College, the Junior Kosciuszko Association, and the Wilkes College Polish Room Committee. The purpose of the “Heritage Day” is to create an awareness of Polish ethnic identity and discover the richness of Polish heritage in young men and wom­ en. Those wishing to participate in the event may be high school or college students, teachers, or anyone interested in the ethnic activity. . The Poilsh Union1 of U.S.A. will sponsor “A Polish Rev. i Leonard F. Chrobot, American Experience,” Saturday, April 8, at Wilkes College’s president of St Mary’s College, Eugene Shedden Farley Library. Orchard Lake, Mich., will be the Some members of the planning committee committee are principal speaker and discussion shown, from left, Bernard Evanoski, president, Junior Kosciuleader. Fr. Chrobot is a recog­ szko Association, Wilkes-Barre; . Mrs. Vincent Znaniecki, nized authority on the subject presdient, Wilkes College Polish Room, Nanticoke; Paulette of ethnicity. His opening remarks Posluszyny; event coordinator, Scranton; and Atty. Frank are entitled, “The Polish Ameri­ Riofski, member of the youth committee, Dallas. can: Search for a New Defini­ tion.” Poilsh history which was coJ- Bednarski. John Sulcoski, sciOther parts of the program in­ lected by. Mrs. Vincent Znani- ence supervisor of the Wilkesclude the documentary film, ecki; craft and book—displays, Barre Area .School District, is “For the Benefit of the Country and a tour of. the_Wilkes..Col- the advisor. Hereafter,” an award winning lege Polish.Room. film by Robert Raydicki which Members of the Polish Union Also assisting the committee documents the struggles, sacri­ Youth Committee planning the are Bernard Evanoski and Helen fices and achievements of Poles day-long session’include Paulette Zalewski of the Junior Kosciuwho made important historical Posluszny, event coordinator; szko Association, and Mrs. Vin­ contributions to the arts, sci­ Henry Dende, national president cent Znaniecki of the Wilkes ences and conception of human of the Polish .Union; Bernard College Polish Room. rights in their adopted country. Kolodziej, youth committee _ Reservations may be made at Photo Exhibit 'hairman; Edward Warakomski, Polish Union headquarters ini V- Also, a photo exhibit of local! tty. Frank Riofski, and John Scranton or Wilkes-Barre. �POLISH HERITAGE PROGRAM was well received by the many Henry J. Dcnde, national president; Bernard J. Kolodziej participants in the Polish “American Experience” at Wilkes College dent and Chairman of the Youth Committee; Edward on April 8th. The Polish Union Youth Committee sponsored the ' . Rev. Leonard Chrobot, Orchard Lake, Mich., guest spea’ event in order to create an awareness of Polish heritage in young Posluszny, coordinator; Mrs. Jule Znaniecki, who arr men and women. of the displays; and Atty. Frank Riofski, Youth Commii Members of the planning committee pictured are, from left — y-rr �l<7TS'-^e.pT,on after c^aeif ly ^n.sfr.^^k ' cO dean fr V ~Jn/< £^wt//£ Vf.L.K^p&rni^fi.Uri>a06ki.B^^ M ��MRS. VINCENT ZNANIECKI 500 E. Main Street Nanticoke, PA 18634 �W.C.Polish Room Com. Farley library,Wilkes College Wilkes-Barre / a. July 30,1979 Mrs. V. Chrypinski, Pres. AC.P.C.C. 813 Trombley Road Grosse Pointe Park,Mich. ^8230 Re: W.C. Polish soom Com. Activities 197o-79 - for A.C.P.C.C. Convention Booklet 1978 For the third year, September - Participated in the four day Luz. Co. Ethnic ^estival at Kingston Armory sponsored by the travel Agency. Participated in all 3 categories: sntertainment-Polish Folk Songs by the W.C. Polish Room Chorus; Food Booth- Polish foods,including the introduction of a new dish each year; Display Booth-through a pictorial display of 130 prints of old pictures, we presented the early Polish settlers of this valley and their contributions. It was arranged by categories* Documents-Civil War discharge papers,naturalization papers,etc.; first churches187^-5; early businesses; organizations,etc. December; For the Kth consecutive year, we participated in the BpiiJay -^air at the Luz. Co. Courthouse. In the center of the foyer is placed our Polish Christma tree withhandmade Polish decorations. Christmas Carols are sung by our Chorus. Dec. Yuletide- Our annual Kosciuszko Foundation (since 1951) • Proceeds go thethe National Foundation,N.I, 1979 February - Two Polish Cultural Experiences at W.C.: 1. A non-credit continuing education course,Polish Civilization and Culture ,sponsored in conjunction with the W.C, Dept, of Language and Lit. and the Polish ^oom Com. was offered on ten consecutive Tuesdays in the Polish xioom. The course was taught by Miss Casimir Tyburski, a retired faculty member and a member of our com. 2. For 3 days,two one-act plays by S.Mrozekwere performed by W,C.drama students/ at the CEnter for the Performing Arts. Cn Opening Night a reception was hosted by us • April 1 - At W.C. Center for the Performing Arts we sponsored a concert for Edwin Kowalik, blind pianist from Warsaw. and .a reception at Hotel Sterling. May - Presented the annual +?500 A.C. Marie Kocyan Scholarship award to a deserving Polish student at Wilkes C,(since 1972) This money is obtained from our annual May Card arty. ' June - Cooperated with other Pol. org. in presenting the Matusz<at the Irem Temple June - Two representatives attended the Perspectives Media Conference at Marymount C. of Va., Arlington. Additional books on Polish subjects or by Polish authors were purchased for the library - a continuing project. Programs at regular meetings included: 1. A film presentation of the Polka x* estival in x'oland 2. A reading to commemorate the 200th Anniversary of Pulaski’s death. Submitted by Jule 2>naniecki,Pres �THE TIMES LEADER, Wilkes-Barre, Pa., Thursday, June 26, 1916 he Arts . k / • • Dancers, poster art show will open Polish exposition X 6wn UOl]\ ' The nationally known Trojaki Dance Circle of Maryland will perform at 7 p.in. Saturday at the Wilkes College Dorothy Dickson Darte Center for the Performing Arts. The performance will open a month­ long Polish Cultural Exposition, which ; • will bring "a diverse program of events Jo the campus for community enrich­ ment,” according to a college spokes­ person. The exposition' is being spon* sored by. the college’s Polish Room Committee and the Sordoni Art Galleiy Commission, assisted, by the Ethnic . Heritage Center. A highlight of the Polish experience will be anoutstandmg^exhibitinthe-^ Sordoni Gallery until July 27. "Poster Art in Poland, 1899-1978” will open with a reception Saturday'at the gallery im- " mediately following' the Trojaki per- ' formance. ' The .exhibit was organized by the Maryland Institute College of Art,, the. Poster Museum in Warsaw and the- Pol­ r ■■ ish Mmistiy of Culture and Fine Arts. Sponsored by Smithsonian Institution Traveling.Exhibition Services in Wash-, togton D/C., it consists of 180 examples irf one-ci;Poland’s most prominent =arU forms. - ,' Selections for the show are from the Poster Museum in the Warsaw suburb of Wilanow. 'l’hese works, according to Polish Ambassador Spasouski, docuI ment the outstanding achievements of Polish designers. The Trojaki Dance Circle, founded in 1974, is a non-profit organization dedi­ cated to the performance of the Polish folk'art of dancing. The'group presents Above, M7i poster by Jan Lenica, from a broad program tff true tradition of Po­ Poster Museum collection in Warsaw, to land's music as'played, danced and ?mong those in show at Sardoni Gallery it sung.. Its main purpose is to educate, ■Wilkes College. Below are members of Tro* entertain and inform the general public . faki Dancer Circle ol Maryland which to ,of the rich cultrual heritage of Poland. performing Saturday night as part of Polish Hckets’lor the dance perfromance cultural events, will be on sale at the box office immedi­ ately before the show. . ■ JVd Z uoissiuipo MaW S puv wnosfo Jdiuoj w duiuuopdj 3^) MfMjuaj 3UD(J uosqnq ftyjo^oq 3f)3f]OJ Sd^ �a) n b o fa n » w o �rs o o 0 0 o o Al J o <i ■ > r. r> r r n □□□neo <1 ri o n d g n d q o n n ti n n iv n n o d n h n o a tj n li n h ti n n u h u ijhj o h tj ti g g h g h ti w ti i« n - 'f r’ <?. r r- < r* r- f. or r. p r; >.t r,< h t» o u i- r> tJ r. n o r. ,» |t o D D .* rt q o n n o a o t> o o rj tj ty n n n u o hi (t t! u u •* ' i H t • G “ ' g£ ~ j jw jv jj j juu vey QQCJguswjQijtiy j .< I.' 22•’ ’’ J ■ J J d ? \1 Ci 3 ... 4 o '.1 - ;• �Jill ���2zfl^r — ��Pa. 18704 (717) 288-1620 ���doth Century PlastKt* 1-800-421-4662 STOCK * PPV81 �•^To o o a 00 a o a o o o a c o c o c o c o c c o c n c o r o ; a o a ? r oooocoboo q n d o o a o o o o fl : 0 c a 0 3 ° g 0 00 3 6 8 e 30 ° W ir f t ■ ! J4 r* j t : r-K J u u % a o a a o a ouoooooocoo opoooc ooo oo oo o » rz□3 * ............. - - - * -'9 Q 3 C---- - - - - ? J0 - > - - -- ��DATE: SUBJECT: DATE: SUBJECT: DATE: SUBJECT: �DATE: SUBJECT: DATE: SUBJECT: IP^OtW �DATE: SUBJECT: DATE: SUBJECT: DATE: SUBJECT: ___________ �DATE: SUBJECT: DATE: SUBJECT: ���The Quarterly 26 . I The Chronide______________________ _ Anniversary Celebration honors library donors Wilkes recognized hundreds of donors at the 20th Anniversary Cele­ bration of the Eugene Shedden Farley Library. A reception and tours of the facility followed the 30-minute recog­ nition ceremony. The tours included the four collec­ tion rooms housed in the Farley Li­ brary: The Admiral Harold R. Stark Room, The Polish Room, the Eleanor Coates Farley Room, and The Gilbert Stuart McClintock Room. These rooms are a tribute to members of the commu­ nity of Wyoming Valley, and are de­ signed to enhance people’s knowledge of those who have contributed to the college in the past. President Breiseth said, “Wilkes College would like to pay special tribute to our friends who sup­ ported the building of The Farley Li­ brary over two decades ago. There were almost 500 share plan donors’ at that time, and it is appropriate that we rec­ ognize those farsighted philanthropists Barbara Farley, daughter-in-law of Dr. Eugene S. Farley, views the Admiral Harold R. Stark Room with student guides, Peter Kelley (center) and Michael Kent. who were responsible for the creation of this fine academic center.” Because some of the donor Frances and Eugene Shaver, library donors, examine the collection in the Polish Room with Jule Znaniecki (right), former president of the Polish Room Committee. plaques were destroyed in the Agnes Flood in 1972 and the library’s floor plan usage has been reorganized since its opening in November of 1968, the college rededicated new memorial plaques at the event. The ceremony included a welcome by Dr. George Waldner, Vice President for Academic Affairs; com­ ments by Board Chairman Frank Henry; and a retrospect of the library by Esther B. Davidowitz, a member of Wilkes Board. Robert Farley, son of Dr. Eu­ gene S. Farley; Dr. Breiseth; and Loma Darte, Cataloging Librarian at Wilkes, also spoke at the ceremony. Fourteen plaques were dedi­ cated or rededicated, including one honoring the 500 share plan donors. Another plaque presented recognized the Reidler Foundation Resource Cen­ ter, which recently funded a $10,000 grant providing health care research materials for Wilkes’ Masters in Health Service Administration program. �The Chronicle 25 Wilkes Farley Library notes 20th year Wilkes College’s Eugene Shedden Farley Library held its 20th Anniversary Celebration Dec. 2. The library, donated to the school in November 1968, was a gift made possible by more than two thousand contributers. The celebration included a retrospective by Mrs. Esther B. Davidowitz, Board of Trustees member, and a response from Robert C. Farley, son of Dr. Eugene Farley. Ms. Lorna C. Darte, the Library Acting Director, presented the Library’s Perspec­ tive. Above, donors Frances and Eugene Shaver look over the redecorated Polish Room with the help of Julie Znaniecki, former president of the Polish Committee. \ Wilkes Polish Room Committee plans Yule party November dinner meeting of the Wilkes College Polish Room Committee was held at the Ameri­ can Legion Home, Nanticoke. Mrs. Ceil Sawicki was in charge of the planning. President Janet Kon presided and thanked those who par­ ticipated with the food booth or display at the Folk Festival at the Kingston Armory. The president announced on the Saturday of the Folk Festival, Mrs. Jule Znaniecki was honored as the First Lady of the Festival memory of her late husband. The book will be placed in the Mill Library, Nanticoke. The presenta­ tion was made by Dr. Clem Valetta and Paul Lauer. Mrs. Znaniecki has been associated with the Folk Festival since its inception. Mrs. Clementine Mashinski presented the Polish Room with a book on the History of Polish Culture by Bogdan Suchodolski, in memory of her late husband, Ed­ ward Mashinski. Mrs. Jule Znaniecki, chairman of the scholarship committee, an­ nounced the winners of the annual McCarthy, Edwardsville, and Thomas Grif­ fith, Plains. The scholarship is presented annually and was begun the late Dr. and Mrs. Joseph Kocyan, when the Wilkes College Polish Room first began. Presen­ tations will be made at a luncheon at Genetti’s. Each recipient will receive $1,000. A preliminary report on the Kosciuszko Ball Friday, Dec. 29, at Gus Genetti’s Grand Ballroom. will be given by Mrs. Ceil Sawicki. chairman of invitatins. Mrs. Mary Bunsick is patrons chairman. Mrs. Carolyn Warren, chairman of the annual Christmas party, announced the event will be held Dec. 5 at Gus Genetti’s. Cocktails will be served at 6 and dinner at 7. Reservations are to be made by Dec. 2. Dr. Lydia Kopernik gave the background history of Poland, be­ ginning with the early tribes. It was the first of such talks and was followed by a question and answer period. �r t> Of- ■ t, r ft f . ft i f u i i . m 1 i fj ft ft t ft,jf> r ft 6 ft ft 0 ft 0 t; '■ - o r ft n ft n ft ft ft n r ft ft ft ft ft ft f ft ft r » �■ .5 b e b a a a in d b d a i±£x«tlL____ OU O P-U-P _______________________ ' ~ ‘ JL ___ :._' r .' " ~______________ s Bernard Jdaclisk Pliolograpkar ^woyeHuifle, Pa. 18704 (7/7) 288-/620 o ) o non o n o n n n o ■ i o ounnoniHni n n n non n n nannnnnnnnn Annnofinonaono a u on n n 0P 0 n n n n o n n qq 0q g a o a g n n oo n <, o d C> 6 rf. >, (\ ,Jt q q e O’ ���J l.-l L m uX <•*>J LJ �Simone Dinnerstein piano Presented by Wilkes University The Wilkes University Polish Room Committee and the Jewish Community Center September 8,1990 Dorothy Dickson Darte Center for the Performing Arts �Program Johann Sebastian Bach Simone Dinnerstein Simone Dinnerstein, 17, is in her second year at The Juilliard School, where she is a student of Herbert Stessin. From 1981 to 1989 she was a scholarship student of Dr. Solomon Mikowsky at the Manhattan School of Music Preparatory Division. During the sum­ mers of 1986 and 1987 she performed in master classes at the Boston University Tanglewood Institute, and during the summer of 1988 she performed in master classes at the Ken Boxley Institute at Rutgers Uni­ versity. She also has studied privately for three summers with Maria Curcio Diamond in London. Ms. Dinnerstein has given solo recitals at Rockefeller University, The Juilliard School, and, at the invitation of the Knoxville Steinway Society, in Knoxville, Tennessee. She also has performed as soloist with the New Brunswick Chamber Orchestra and has performed at the Manhattan School of Music, Juilliard, and at Damrosch Park at Lincoln Center for the Performing Arts. She has been featured in a cable television program as part of the American Youth Theatre and has toured England with the St. Ann's Chamber Singers and Players. Ms. Dinnerstein has won numerous awards, including the Cham­ ber Music Award and the Outstanding Senior Award at the Manhat­ tan School of Music Preparatory Division. She has been awarded The Amadeus Fund Scholarship and has won first place in the Queens Symphony Orchestra Young Soloist Auditions and the Bloomingdale House of Music Young Performers Concerto Competition. In May, 1990, she received the highest award at The Kosciuszko Foundation Chopin Piano Competition. English Suite No. 3 in G Minor, BWV 808 Prelude Allemande Courante Sarabande Gavotte I & H Gigue Robert Schumann Fantasiestiicke, Op. 12 In the Evening Soaring Why? Whims In the Night Story Troubled Dreams The End of the Song INTERMISSION Ludwig van Beethoven Sonata in C Minor, Op. 13 "Pathetique" Grave-Allegro molto e con br Adagio cantabile Rondo-Allegro Frederic Chopin Ballade No. 1 in G Minor, O �Program Johann Sebastian Bach Simone Dinnerstein Simone Dinnerstein, 17, is in her second year at The Juilliard School, where she is a student of Herbert Stessin. From 1981 to 1989 she was a scholarship student of Dr. Solomon Mikowsky at the Manhattan School of Music Preparatory Division. During the sum­ mers of 1986 and 1987 she performed in master classes at the Boston University Tanglewood Institute, and during the summer of 1988 she performed in master classes at the Ken Boxley Institute at Rutgers Uni­ versity. She also has studied privately for three summers with Maria Curcio Diamond in London. Ms. Dinnerstein has given solo recitals at Rockefeller University, The Juilliard School, and, at the invitation of the Knoxville Steinway Society, in Knoxville, Tennessee. She also has performed as soloist with the New Brunswick Chamber Orchestra and has performed at the Manhattan School of Music, Juilliard, and at Damrosch Park at Lincoln Center for the Performing Arts. She has been featured in a cable television program as part of the American Youth Theatre and has toured England with the St. Ann's Chamber Singers and Players. Ms. Dinnerstein has won numerous awards, including the Cham­ ber Music Award and the Outstanding Senior Award at the Manhat­ tan School of Music Preparatory Division. She has been awarded The Amadeus Fund Scholarship and has won first place in the Queens Symphony Orchestra Young Soloist Auditions and the Bloomingdale House of Music Young Performers Concerto Competition. In May, 1990, she received the highest award at The Kosciuszko Foundation Chopin Piano Competition. English Suite No. 3 in G Minor, BWV 808 Prelude Allemande Cour ante Sarabande Gavotte I & H Gigue Robert Schumann Fantasiestucke, Op. 12 In the Evening Soaring Why? Whims In the Night Story Troubled Dreams The End of the Song INTERMISSION Ludwig van Beethoven Sonata in C Minor, Op. 13 "Pathetique" Grave-Allegro molto e con brio Adagio cantabile Rondo-Allegro Frederic Chopin Ballade No. 1 in G Minor, Op. 23 �The Wilkes University Polish Room Committee The Wilkes University Polish Room Committee is dedicated to fostering an appreciation of Polish culture by promoting high­ er education and scholarship among people of Polish descent. The Kosciuszko Foundation The Kosciuszko Foundation, a cultural and educational or­ ganization, conducts a variety of programs. These include an exchange of scholars and students between Poland and the United States for research and advanced studies; domestic schol­ arships for needy students of Polish ancestry attending American universities; summer study programs in Poland for Americans; the annual Chopin Piano Competition; and lectures, concerts, and exhibitions at The Kosciuszko Foundation House. The Kosciuszko Foundation Chopin Piano Competition was established on February 22,1949, in honor of the one-hundreth anniversary of the death of Frederic Chopin. Over the years, many spectacular musicians have been associated with the Com­ petition, including Van Cliburn, Daniel Pollack, and Murray Perahia. Today The Kosciuszko Foundation Chopin Piano Com­ petition continues to encourage gifted young pianists to further their studies and to perform the works of great Polish composers. Wilkes University gratefully acknowledges the assistance of the Jewish Community Center. �Simone Dinnerstein, 17, is in her second year at The Juilliard School, where she is a student of Herbert Stessin. This year at The Juilliard School she received The Chopin Award and The Michael and Ethel 1. Cohen Scholarship, and iast year she was awarded The William Petschek Piano Scholarship. From 1981 to 1989 she was a scholarship student of Dr. Solomon Mikowsky at Manhattan School of Music Preparatory Division. Manhattan School of Music Prep. Div. awards included the Dora Bornstein Memorial Award, the Anne-Marie McDermott Memorial Award, the Chamber Music Award, and the Outstanding Senior Award. Ms. Dinnerstein won first place in the BACA-Board of Education Piano Competition, the NYC and NY State divisions of the Music Teachers National Association Baldwin Junior Keyboard Achievement Award, the Manhattan School of Music Prep. Div. Concerto Competition in 1984 and 1987, the New Brunswick Chamber Orchestra-JCC Young Musicians Competition, the Queens Symphony Orchestra Young Soloist Auditions, the Independent Schools Orchestra Concerto Competition, and the Bloomingdale House of Music Concerto Competition. This past May she received the highest award at The Kosciuszko Foundation Chopin Piano Competition. Ms. Dinnerstein has performed at Damrosch park, Lincoln Center for the Performing Arts; CAMI Hall; the Donnell Library; the Brooklyn Museum; Manhattan School of Music; and The Juilliard School. In 1 985 she performed in the concert Prodigies: Past and Present at Merkin Concert Hall. She has performed as soloist with the New Brunswick Chamber Orchestra, the Bloomingdale House of Music Chamber Orchestra, the Manhattan School of Music Prep. Div. Symphony Orchestra and the Independent Schools Orchestra. She was featured in a cable television program Simone Dinnerstein in Concert, as a part of the American Youth Theatre. In 1988, Ms. Dinnerstein toured England with the St. Ann's Chamber Singers and Players, and also performed the Beethoven Triple Concerto with the Independent Schools Orchestra at Carnegie Hall. In the winter, 1989, she performed in master classes of Marina Wolff, of the Leningrad Conservatory, and Joaquin Soriano at Manhattan School of Music. In May she was guest soloist with the West Village Chorale at St. Luke's Church. She also gave a solo recital in Knoxville, Tenn, at the invitation of the Knoxville Steinway Society. Last January Ms. Dinnerstein performed in the FOCUS! festival at The Juilliard School, as well as in a master class of the New York Woodwind Quintet. She also gave solo recitals at the Rockefeller University and The Juilliard School. Simone Dinnerstein spent the summers of 1986 and 1987 at the Boston University Tanglewood Institute performing in master classes of Leon Fleisher, Maria Clodes Jaguaribe, Gilbert Kalish, and Anthony DiBonaventura. In the summer of 1988, at the Ken Boxley Institute at Rutgers University she performed in master classes of Karl Ulrich Schnabel, Abbey Simon, Konrad Wolff, Peter Oundjian, and �air gr Simone Dinnerstein, 17, is in her second year at The Juilliard School, where she is a student of Herbert Stessin. This year at The Juilliard School she received The Chopin Award and The Michael and Ethel 1. Cohen Scholarship, and last year she was awarded The William Petschek Piano Scholarship. From 1981 to 1989 she was a scholarship student of Dr. Solomon Mikowsky at Manhattan School of Music Preparatory Division. Manhattan School of Music Prep. Div. awards included the Dora Bornstein Memorial Award, the Anne-Marie McDermott Memorial Award, the Chamber Music Award, and the Outstanding Senior Award. Ms. Dinnerstein won first place in the BACA-Board of Education Piano Competition, the NYC and NY State divisions of the Music Teachers National Association Baldwin Junior Keyboard Achievement Award, the Manhattan School of Music Prep. Div. Concerto Competition in 1984 and 1987, the New Brunswick Chamber Orchestra-JCC Young Musicians Competition, the Queens Symphony Orchestra Young Soloist Auditions, the Independent Schools Orchestra Concerto Competition, and the Bloomingdale House of Music Concerto Competition. This past May she received the highest award at The Kosciuszko Foundation Chopin Piano Competition. Ms. Dinnerstein has performed at Damrosch park, Lincoln Center for the Performing Arts; CAMI Hall; the Donnell Library; the Brooklyn Museum; Manhattan School of Music; and The Juilliard School. In 1 985 she performed in the concert Prodigies: Past and Present at Merkin Concert Hall. She has performed as soloist with the New Brunswick Chamber Orchestra, the Bloomingdale House of Music Chamber Orchestra, the Manhattan School of Music Prep. Div. Symphony Orchestra and the Independent Schools Orchestra. She was featured in a cable television program Simone Dinnerstein in Concert, as a part of the American Youth Theatre. In 1988, Ms. Dinnerstein toured England with the St. Ann's Chamber Singers and Players, and also performed the Beethoven Triple Concerto with the Independent Schools Orchestra at Carnegie Hall. In the winter, 1989, she performed in master classes of Marina Wolff, of the Leningrad Conservatory, and Joaquin Soriano at Manhattan School of Music. In May she was guest soloist with the West Village Chorale at St. Luke's Church. She also gave a solo recital in Knoxville, Tenn, at the invitation of the Knoxville Steinway Society. Last January Ms. Dinnerstein performed in the FOCUS’ festival at The Juilliard School, as well as in a master class of the New York Woodwind Quintet. She also gave solo recitals at the Rockefeller University and The Juilliard School. Simone Dinnerstein spent the summers of 1986 and 1987 at the Boston University Tanglewood Institute performing in master classes of Leon Fleisher, Maria Clodes Jaguaribe, Gilbert Kalish, and Anthony DiBonaventura. In the summer of 1988, at the Ken Boxley Institute at Rutgers University she performed in master classes of Karl Ulrich Schnabel, Abbey Simon, Konrad Wolff, Peter Oundjian, and Gabriel Chodos. She then studied privately for a month with Maria Curcio Diamond in London, where she has returned for the past two summers. �, ? !|> Id Idl'd < "* "*1 •f .‘(a :n nt iif (& (& :([. id id^d J'1 Id Id MW. -.y\.'£ �college; and develop Esprit de ■ Corps and expand involvememt i I all facets of campus and commun B ty life. The group gets involved ■ with community events, holds an B annual luncheon of multicultural B origin; and offering a lecture seri( I by persons of varied cultures and I backgrounds. Nine of the Women of Distinction honored Saturday are shown with the guest speaker, Dr. Carol Jobe, president of College Misericordia. Left to right, Sr. Siena Finley R.S.M., Jule Znaniecki, Marianna Guatemala to help the native women there become self-suppor­ ting through making and selling their needlecrafts. She has brought an international perspective to the thinking of many people in our area. LEA MINER CSALA Lea Miner Csala, Wilkes-Barre, was recognized for her work as a member of the Steering Committee and a founding member of the In­ terfaith Resource Center for Peace and Justice. The Fischer Oplinger, Rose Tucker, the Rev. Anita Ambrose, Sr. Constance Kozel, R.S.M., Dr. Jobe, Vera Cornish, Tea Miner Caala and Sr, Barbara Craig., R.S.M. > Pennsylvania. SISTER CONSTANCE KOZEL, RSM Sr. Constance Kozel, RSM, Wilkes-Barre, was honored for her work as the executive director and a founding member of the Inter­ faith Resource Center for Peace and Justice. She has exemplified dedication to the ideals which the Peace Center represents induing the teaching of tolerance, non­ violent Conflict J— ROSE TUCKER Rose Tucker, Nanticoke, was ■ honored for her efforts to develop I programs to support migrant workers that began in 1961. Wher.B there were no state or federal pro-1 grams to assist migrants, she set t1 work to develop some locally and I secured a grant from the Office of I Economic Opportunity which was I administered by the Wyoming I Valley Council of Churches. At I first, the Tri-County Migrant Ministry provided ministry services to the migrants who come | to Luzerne, Lackawanna and Wyoming Counties during the summer. But as the services pro­ vided became more non-religious, ' the program was renamed the Tri-County Migrant Program. Some 150 volunteers from various groups in the area have con­ tributed time and resources over the years, and their work continues today. JULE ZNANIECKI Jule Znaniecki, Nanticoke, was honored for her efforts as a founder of the Folk Festival of Lu­ zerne County which was begun in 1976. She worked with the late Paul Lauer and the late Malania Hellersperk to bring together the many ethnic and cultural groups of Northeastern Pennsylvania. ToHov V-11. T> .• ’ • �30 TH ANNIVERSARY CELEBRATION HONORING OUR WOMEN OF DISTINCTION FOR 1993 APRIL 3, 1993 AT GENETTI'S, WILKES-BARRE PA PENN'S WOODS GIRL SCOUT COUNCIL, INC 10 S SHERMAN STREET WILKES-BARRE PA 18702 (717) 829-2631 1993 �PROGRAM 4. Lea Miner Csala, Wilkes-Barre, for her work as a member of the Steering Committee and a founding mem­ ber of the Interfaith Resource Center for Peace and Justice. 5. Mary Louise Deisroth, 6. Sr. Mary Siena Finley, RSM, Dallas, for her efforts with the Ethics Institute of Northeast PA, the Inter­ faith Council of Wyoming Valley, and the World Com­ munity Service Committee of the Wilkes-Barre Rotary Club. 7. Sr. Constance Kozel, RSM, Wilkes-Barre, 8. Marianna Fischer Oplinger, Drums, WELCOME............................. Sally Teller Lottick President, Penn's Woods Girl Scout Council FLAG CEREMONY Meri Patrick Troop 242, Harwood Theresa Salus Troop 961, Plains Rachael Tarnalicki Troop 736, Wilkes-Barre Susan Vosik Troop 750, Hunlock Creek Becky Meier Troop 334, Mountaintop Deidre McCarthy Troop 334, Kingston 1 .Rev'. Lvnn P. Lameman __ . . ...... . Executive Director, Wyoming Valley Council of Churches QPWAWP _________ _ President, College Misericordia PRESENTATION OF AWARDS..................... Mary Jane Saras Chair, Women of Distinction Luncheon 9. BENEDICTION.................................. Margie Marshman Sugarloaf, for her efforts with underprivileged children through the Fresh Air Fund. for her work as the Executive Director and a founding member of the Interfaith Resource Center for Peace and Justice. for her efforts to educate young people through seminars on Cross-Cul­ tural Diversity, Cultural Awareness Training, and racial tolerance at the Keystone Job Corps Center. for her work with CORE (Culturally Organized Rainbow Exchange Club) at the Luzerne County Community College and students in need ' of guidance. Padmini Rajagopal, Shavertown, * * * Rose Tucker, Nanticoke, 11. Jule Znaniecki, Nanticoke, WOMAN OF DISTINCTION AWARD HONORING WOMEN WITH A GLOBAL PERSPECTIVE for her work with the Tri-County Migrant Workers Program. ; .. 1. Rev. Anita Ambrose, Kingston, 2. Vera Cornish, Wilkes-Barre, 3. for her work in education to promote multi-cultural experiences and social justice for all through the Martin Luther King, Jr., Society for Social Justice, the Penn State/WilkesBarre Area School District Partnership and the Misericordia Partnership Advisory Committee. Sr. Barbara Craig, RSM, Wilkes-Barre, for her work with the Central American Committee to raise aware­ ness in Northeastern PA, working with refugees from Central America here, and work in Guatemala to help women there become self-supporting. for her efforts to develop programs to support migrant workers that became the Tri-County Migrant Workers program. 10. 1993 RECIPIENTS OF THE for her efforts as a founder of the Folk Festival of Luzerne County, one of the most comprehensive and authentic held in the state. Women who will receive HONORABLE MENTIONS include Marie Brennan, Freeland; Eleanor Crutchfield, Pottsville; Donna Morgan, Kingston; Kate Potter, Summit Station and Linda Sabia, Hazleton. * * * Penn's Woods Girl Scout Council would like to express their sincere thanks to Brownie Troop 286, Conyngham, for the centerpieces and to their leaders, Mrs. Eileen Capece and Mrs. JoAnne Saras. ���2Oth Century Plast<s 1 800-421-4662 STOCK u ppy g -j C if la c k s D r » fries . �Pzxr/e./ L< Af^/e. Stcrt Afril , A 4 £ �V Wtt COU£O£ POU'* POW C&MTTU. �As-, �O0OOOOO I'flR 1 J - rC2B a �����»» ���J£> / >7*9 i T&c~ - V/.-R- -^3 aj; *7^ Inline Kill^si' ■ �y3 >1 *? *2 i aZ> factAi". !Lttwey 1^1/ne ^«^3‘ 7^ kulej- Aniej ��&UAJSIQK/ Za sm ; 460/UA KLOQ.KG /)L/de bouses FMsMK, l-ie^ JUC/^ , TCtVPo^^C/<>, A/O/^Oi^/ Cb^vTe U/4>/ (^CLcd^n Cc/z_ SfloncX/ /^£^/A/,<} P7/^F5-Y/ �LWI JOL& z_VAAHe*Ki, C^yTi'IoP^, weiss, 6T/X^f\ Ocwi/^ Jos^ SoPH<^ ^a/9/9 J7u/Aa/oo>^/V/ -2.C/6Z) /<oS Qf6LSK/} tev'c fa IT KoVlS/<! J /SrfS/P /^)C �'Il H ••Kc w ■ • ■ rttw 1, ■. I LAi II il’ffDI 11 --_1 ______ wEi$$ 57“/|etA QbWl/^ Joss/I 5<l/Z./A/$ /y/9/v0/? JLWAMoCU£/(J 2.u£Z) SoPH'Z &o<>rf) ^OS Q(6LSK/) &e.A/£\i (Ev't W<TKo\d$t<i t * ^/9S7/? A)C �|iS|i �Aewerr DoLoi^es Poutos^i Mme. soM Kos am w, ££l\JEVIE\j E 1/1/ iT/Co (O^/ 0O/Wf cl/^/VS �(?£//_ LxgaJ'A (LZeh/^/, 3"/? h/ / <*j(f; '.'. JciS/t' ZU&A' £>um<jqk ■ * ■’ ■ ■*. ������M . ; ■■■■ '■ ' ■■<■ *W* ; ? ' J - -"Z ’"'A ' ■ ■ -I j ?U OflET TO BE GIVEN- AT I^EM TEMPLE • Irem Temple will be the setting-for the ballet, “P.an Twardowskiand Festival of Re- * • gional Arts to be held Saturday night at 8:30 under sponsorship of the Wilkes College Polish Room. Committee. ' ‘ ‘ Shown above are members of the ticket committee who are assisting Mrs. Vincent. ’ Znaniecki, general chairman of .the affair. Seated, left to right, are Mrs. Edward Nork. Mrs Chester Urbanski, Miss Anne Grosek, D r. Halina Rushin, Mrs. Alex Gazowski and Mrs. Julius Haebick. Standing are Mrs. Mary Makowski- and .Mrs. Richard Stefanski. Absent ' when the picture was taken was Mrs. Clem Schwartz. Mrs. Znaniecki announced that tickets are still available from committee members' �ballet to be given at irem temple •• gional^Arl^Tp^e^held's^turday^ig^a^S^Vumier^spoi^orlM^of'the'wnkes^Colle^ Polish .- Room Committee . ' • members of the ticket committee who are assisting Mrs. Vh^ent. ??anirh2ctf Urbanski Miss Anne Grosek, Dr. Halina Mrs.are AlexMrs. Gazowski andNork, Mrs. leftRushin, to-right, Edward nmu.CHaebickRichard. Stefanski. Absent S U^S».Wn.Me c^ute, �ISO <ING NEWS,- WILKES-BARRE. " ~~ ~ • 7^------ - , ........... . .. • •{ PA.. WEDNESDAY eXTNING ‘ ; Committee CompIetibs' ArrangemeriW-For Ballet ’ i Mrs. Vincent Znaniecki, gen­ Hellersperk, ads; Mrs? Anthony choreographer for the Lazowski eral chairman of the ballet, “Pan Wallace, arrangements; and Mrs; nance Theatrp Th a J?* f C°n' Twardowski” and Festival of Re­ Vincent Vincent- Znaniecki,, ‘ chairman. H af_70 members. gional .Arts met with committee Otter committee aids are ivr™ Mrs. S1SMrs. announces that heads to make final . arrange­ Albert Co ope r, co-chairman; tickets Znaniecki may still .be purchased ments for the ballet which is Mrs. Frank Peters, posters; and from any member of the com­ being held at Irem Temple on Mrs. Joseph MieszkowskV fun mittee Saturday evening at 8:30 p. m. nishings; Mrs. PftttWsfflecky; ar-' Seated from left to right are: raugementjS. >. ' Mrs. Michael Weiss, tickets; Miss The.'cb -j ;• .Of the bal­ Nell Wojnarski, publicity; Mrs. let is by YurekT-'azov.wki of New Al Kopicki, program; Mrs. Stefan York. CitV. arti^tieiaireetor alTd J I [ Festivals and: folk dances of Poland w'ere portrayed in all their spirit, color and grace at the benefit performance of Yurqk Lazowski'Polish'Dance Theater. of New York Saturday night in Item Temple. It was a brilliant social affair as well, attended by a capacity audience, many of whom were attired in evening finery, flashing jewels and precious furs. Event was sponsored by* j • ‘ Wilkes College Polish Room jhesitate fo deal with the spirits Committee and proceeds will (of evil because he is sure he is add to' the committee’s project smarter , than they. In the ballet, of equipping a Polish cultural jhe sells his soul to the devil, room at Wilkes College which jbargaining to give up his soul yvill serve the community by jin Rome. The devil tricks him givihg it' access to the literature, jinto a tavern called “Rome,” art and ’ culture, of Poland .and as they depart for hell through the centuries. Mrs. ■Twardoski again outwits the Joseph J. . Kocyan, committee (devil by directing him to the president, \yas honorary chair­ moon. According to the legend, man of the Saturday night fes- :if you Idok closely when the tival. Mrs! Vincent F. Znaniecki ;moon is full, if you are a Pole, was chairman and Mrs. Albert.you will see Twardoski wander­ F. Cooper was co-chairman. Re­ ing about on Resurface, waiting ception for committee members to be delivered Poland be- , and ‘ guests followed at the Twin comesxfree. Panwhen Twardoski was . Grill. • • visible on the moon above ' The 70 members of the Polish clearlyTemple ’s stage in the fi- ' Dance Theater were dressed in Irem nale of colorful costumes imported from tation. Saturday night’s presen­ Poland and which preserved the authentic atmosphere of the A • nocturne to • the music of Chopin was the only • part of presentation. Yurok' Lazowski, ballet master; the program which was classical scored a personal, triumph in his ballet. In a variety of regional performances in' the. individual dance selections the Polish artists1 dances which comprised the first portrayed ' the humor, wit, happart of the program, and in his; piriess .and, fullness of life of the impersoriation of the devil in the. Polish people, as welLas their ballet pantomine,. • “Pan Twar­. Sentiment and melancholy. dowski.” excerpts of which were Z. Karpinski of New York was i presented in the major portioni narrator for. a. comic sketch 'of the festival. danced .to a poem, read in Polish, Ballet pantomime told the• concerning ’ an old couple and story of Pah iTwardoski, a leg­• Father Time.end which occurs throughout the Orchestral accompaniment was literature of Poland,, and incor­ directed, by Frank Gregory, vio­ porated the national dances of linist, . whose orchestra played that nation. Story largely paral­ fbr the last Kosciuszko Ball in lels that of Faust but; unlike Wilkes-Barre and who plays for Faust, Twardoski is . always the the Kosciuszko balls, in New wit and trickster who does not York City. . ■■;-------------- 7... �AVERY* C PV119ED ��VERSITY COMMITTEE 4r ���KARTA PAMIATKOV/A hlilk&£ Go I w Polish 'Roo^Commive r/r> Z UCZESTNICTWA W JUBILEUSZIT* 50-CIO LECIA PRACY ARTYSTYCZNEJ 1 70-CI0 LECIA URODZIN STEFAN A MROZEWSKIEGO POt^CZONEGO Z WYSTAW/\ PRAC ARTYSTY URZ/\DZONEGO WSPOLNYM STARANIEM STOWARZYSZENIA "VERITAS" I KOMITETU ORGANIZACYJNEGO W DNIU 17 KWIETNIA 1964 ROKU W INTERNATIONAL HOUSE OAKLAND, KALIFORNIA abs&ni �As you will note on the enclosed invitation, Wilkes College would like to pay special tribute to our friends who supported the building of The Farley Library over two decades ago. There were almost 500 “share plan donors” at that time, and it is appropriate to recognize those farsighted philanthropists who were responsible for the creation of this fine academic center. Because some of the donor plaques were destroyed in the ’72 flood and there has been a major reorganization of the library’s floor plan usage since its opening in November of 1968, we plan to rededicate new memorial plaques at the upcoming celebration. You, a member of your family, a close colleague, or your company were among the original donors to the library, and I am pleased to invite you to this special event. Tours of the 1988 library and its outstanding collection rooms will be available. We hope you or a donor representative will be able to join us on December 2. CHRISTOPHERN. BREISETH President i �� Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Polish Room scrapbooks Description An account of the resource A collection of scrapbooks created by the Polish Committee from the 1940s through the present day. Materials included in the scrapbooks include photographs, correspondence, pamphlets, newspaper clippings, and other ephemera on the Polish Room at E.S. Farley Library and Polish-American contributions in the Wyoming Valley. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Polish Committee Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1940s through present day. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Polish Room activities scrapbook, 1950-1996 Description An account of the resource A scrapbook of newspaper clippings, photographs, music programs, correspondence, and other ephemera related to the Polish Committee's activities at Wilkes College from the 1950s through 1996. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Polish Room Committee Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1950-1996 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource PDF Type The nature or genre of the resource Scrapbook https://omeka.wilkes.edu/omeka/files/original/4ed7c3f6c28737de676664960c919468.pdf 5c43238261c5c13b9182b9a21e80be57 PDF Text Text �Jalmuinilc Polaki IGNACY PADEREWSKI Bl*lf« o r.tunek Narodu Pol.kiego, w Niedziel?, 5 Marca 1916 o godzinie 2.30 po poludniu W POLI’S TEATRZI, WILKES-BARRE, Drukiem “Republik i' �CHAS. F. POKORNY, Kapelmistrz “Alexander Band" PROGRAM: Star Spangled Banner Kapela. 1. Polonaise Militaire Op. 40 No. 1 . . • . Chopin . Kapela. 2. Mowa, Jana V. Kosek mayora miasta. 3. Polskie Kwiaty . . . . Katz Kapela. 4. Contralto Solo, Na grobie . . . . . Friedman Heiser Patii Dra F. J. Krych. 5. Rhapsody, Slavonic Kapela. 6, Tow. Spiewu Halka Pna. M. Koons Dyrygentka �iEllen r - S. Richards ___________ Monographs No. 2 Published by Vassar College The Discovery of Radius fcTORY NOTE isit to America, Madame Curie 1 honor upon Vassar College by ' on the evening of May fourid address which she made in hple, straightforward way she lat achievement. One realized all the great realities of human f tremendous difficulties and e had pursued undaunted her l Address by Madame M. Curie at Vassar College May 14, 1921 ■n gave Madame Curie imscientists on account of the bution she thereby made to n of physical science, the he striking properties pos­ its discovery a world-wide because of the hope which e healing qualities of the dnt. ■. . ’ in large measure.' It is dress should have been issar and that it should ’ members of. the college nierhory of Ellen S. Richards, er life to the public health. Edna Carter Chairman of the Department of Physics. �THE DISCOVERY OF RADIUM PREFATORY NOTE I could tell you many things about radium and radioactivity and it would take a long time. But as we can not do that, I shall only give you a short account of my early work about radium. Radium is no more a baby, it is more than twenty years old, but the conditions of the discovery were somewhat peculiar, and so it is always of interest to remember them and to explain them. N HER recent visit to America, Madame Curie conferred a special honor upon Vassar College by delivering in the chapel on the evening of May four­ teenth the only extended address which she made in this country. In a simple, straightforward way she told the story of her great achievement. One realized how, closely environed by all the great realities of human experience, in the face of tremendous difficulties and with limited resources, she had pursued undaunted her X We must go back to the year 1897. Professor Curie and I worked at that time in the laboratory of the school of Physics and Chemistry where Professor Curie held his lectures. I was engaged in some work on uranium rays which had been dis­ covered two years before by Professor Becquerel. I shall tell you how these uranium rays may be detected. If you take a photographic plate and wrap it in black paper and then on this plate, protected from ordinary light, put some uranium salt and leave it a day, and the next day the plate is developed, you notice on the plate a black spot at the place where the uranium salt was. This spot has been made by special rays which are given out by the uranium and are able to make an impression on the plate in the same way as ordinary light. You can also test those rays in another way, by placing them on an electroscope. You know what an electroscope is. If you charge it, you can keep it charged several hours and more, unless uranium salts are placed near to it. But if this is the case the electroscope loses its charge and the gold or aluminum leaf falls gradually in a progressive way. The speed with which the leaf moves may be used as a measure of the intensity of the rays; the greater the speed, the greater the intensity. search for truth. The discovery of radium gave Madame Curie im­ mediate distinction among scientists on account of the extremely significant contribution she thereby made to the great ultimate problem of physical science, the constitution of matter. The striking properties pos­ sessed by radium gave to its discovery a world-wide interest, all the more intense because of the hope which was inspired by the possible healing qualities of the radiations from this new element. That hope is being realized in large measure. It is therefore fitting that this address should have been given by Madame Curie at Vassar and that it should now be circulated among the members of the college under the foundation in memory of Ellen S. Richards, who devoted her life to the public health. I spent some time in studying the way of making good measurements of the uranium rays, and then I wanted to know if there were other elements, giving out rays of the same kind. So I took up a work about all known elements, and their com­ pounds and found that uranium compounds are active and also Chairman of the ^Department of Physics. v t tLKZsd ^1/ b 1T0RY NOTE it to America, Madame Curie honor upon Vassar College by on the evening of May four1 address which she made in ole, straightforward way she t achievement. One realized JI the great realities of human tremendous difficulties and had pursued undaunted her gave Madame Curie imcientists on account of the ytion she thereby made to of physical science, the i striking properties poss discovery a world-wide \ecause of the hope which healing qualities of the nt. j in large measure.' It is ress should have been \sar and that it should’ nembers of. the college of Ellen S. Richards, tea her life to the...^mory public health. ii ^“"•Direction.. J Edna Carter Chairman of the Department of Physics. CLOCK ROOM IN FOYER. ' " II LAD'ES’ PARI USE SIDE EXITS AFTER CONCERT DIRECT TO Slip fuianu NO ONE.WILL BF SEATED ma' | | �all thorium compounds, but other elements were not found active nor were their compounds. As for the uranium and thorium compounds, I found that they were active in propertion to their uranium or thorium content. The more uranium or thorium, the greater the activity, the activity being an atomic property of the elements, uranium and thorium. We had not even a good laboratory at that time. We worked in a hangar where there were no improvements, no good chemical arrangements. We had no help, no money. And because of that the work could not go on as it would have done under better conditions. I did myself the numerous crystalizations which were wanted to get the radium salt separated from the barium salt with which it is obtained out of the ore. And in 1902 I finally succeeded in getting pure radium chloride and determining the atomic weight of the new element radium, which is 226 while that of barium is only 137. Then I took up measurements of minerals and I found that several of those which contain uranium or thorium or both were active. But then the activity was not what I could expect, it was greater than for uranium or thorium compounds like the oxides which are almost entirely composed of these elements. Then I thought that there should be in the minerals some unknown element having a much greater radioactivity than uranium or thorium. And I wanted to find and to sepa­ rate that element, and I settled to that work with Professor Curie. We thought it would be done in several weeks or months, but it was not so. It took many years of hard work to finish that task. There was not one new element, there were several of them. But the most important is radium which could be separated in a pure state. Later I could also separate the metal radium, but that was a very difficult work; and, as it is not necessary for the use of radium to have it in this state, it is not generally prepared that way. Now, the special interest of radium is in the intensity of its rays which is several million times greater than the uranium rays. And the effects of the rays make the radium so important. If we take a practical point of view, then the most important property of the rays is the production of physiological effects on the cells of the human organism. These effects may be used for the cure of several diseases. Good results have been obtained in many cases. What is considered particularly important is the treatment of cancer. The medical utilization of radium makes it necessary to get that element in sufficient quantities. And so a factory of radium was started to begin with in France, and later in America where a big quantity of ore named carnotite is available. America does produce many grams of radium every year but the price is still very high because the quantity of radium contained in the ore is so small. The radium is more than a hundred thousand times dearer than gold. All the tests for the separation were done by the method of electrical measurements with some kind of electroscope. We just had to make chemical separations and to examine all products obtained with respect to their activity. The product which retained the radioactivity was considered as that one which had kept the new element; and, as the radioactivity was more strong in some products, we knew that we had succeeded in concentrating the new element. The radioactivity was used in the same way as a spectroscopical test. The difficulty was that there is not much radium in a mineral; this we did not know at the beginning. But we now know that there is not even one part of radium in a million parts of good ore. And too, to get a small quantity of pure radium salt, one is obliged to work up a huge quantity of ore. And that was very hard in a laboratory. But we must not forget that when radium was discovered no one knew that it would prove useful in hospitals. The work was one of pure science. And this is a proof that scientific ATORY NOTE 'sit to America, Madame Curie 1 honor upon Vassar College by on the evening of May four^d address which she made in iple, straightforward way she at achievement. One realized all the great realities of human f tremendous difficulties and • had pursued undaunted her n gave Madame Curie imscientists on account of the fution she thereby made to i of physical science, the le striking properties pos­ ts discovery a world-wide because of the hope which healing qualities of the mt. ■’ \ | in large measure.' It is dress should have been —^WAY PIA (T°urDirect,'on: J ssar and that it should members of. the. college of Ellen S. Richards, _ iuiea her life to ... thememory public health. Edna Carter Chairman of the Department of Physics. CLOCK ROOM IN FOYER. LADIEli USE SIDE EXITS AFTER CONCERT DIRECT 0 STRI­ paru J'UIcUIU NG ONE.WILL BE SEATED' II �work must not be considered from the point or view of the direct usefulness of it. It must be done for itself, for the beauty of science, and then there is always the chance that a scientific discovery may become like the radium a benefit for humanity. But science is not rich, it does not dispose of important means, it does not generally meet recognition before the ma­ terial usefulness of it has been proved. The factories produce many grams of radium every year, but the laboratories have very small quantities. It is the same for my laboratory and I am very grateful to the American women who wish me to have more of radium and give me the opportunity of doing more work with it. The scientific history of radium is beautiful. The properties of the rays have been studied very closely. We know that particles are expelled from radium with a very great velocity near to that of the light. We know that the atoms of radium are destroyed by expulsion of these particles, some of which are atoms of helium. And in that way it has been proved that the radioactive elements are constantly disintegrating and that they produce at the end ordinary elements, principally helium and lead. That is, as you see, a theory of transforma­ tion of atoms which are not stable, as was believed before, but may undergo spontaneous changes. 4T°Ry Note 1 tanor upon”’ ^’danie Curie • °n thr p n / as*ar Coil u.ne Radium is not alone in having these properties. Many having other radioelements are known already, the polonium, the mesothorium, the radiothorium, the actinium. We know also radioactive gases, named emanations. There is a great variety of substances and effects in radioactivity. There is always a vast field left to experimentation and I hope that we may have some beautiful progress in the following years. It is my earnest desire that some of you should carry on this scientific work and keep for your ambition the determination to make a permanent contribution to science. M. Curie. great realih\ J,eallZed treniendous diffi $ ?^Uman !had Pursued n±UJt,es and a Unaaunted her n Save Madame C ■ . dentists on ar ^Une lm' >ution she the k°Unt °f the ' °f « ±n“a* e Str^inp nrn -Ce’ the ? discover! ,£ P“^wuseoflei. rUTide i ' Pj ('Tour Direction: "er life to the Edna Carter Chairman of the Department of Physics. *■ vxaiiu �Gfempb (tarprts 1923-1924 ‘Direction, Leo W. Long Tuesday, October 16th Geraldine Farrar, Soprano Thursday, November 8th Mabel Garrison, Soprano Cecilia Hansen, Violinist Friday, November 30th Emilio de Gogorza, Baritone Alberto Salvi, Harpist Friday, January 4th . I. J. Paderewski, Pianist Wednesday, January 23rd Fritz Kreisler, Violinist Monday, February 4th Louis Graveure, Baritone Bach-Liszt Wednesday, February 27th Sigrid Onegin, Contralto ... .Haydn Thursday, March 20th N. Y. Symphony Orchestra . .Mozart Walter Damrosch, Conductor Beethoven ► Chopin Mozart-Liszt Don Juan Fantasia (Steinway Piano Used) (Tour Direction: George Engles) CLOCK USE room in FOYER. ladies- parlors on balcony floor. side exits after concert direct to street. no ONE WILL BE SEATED WHILE MUSIC IS IN PROGRESS. �jlrem toipb ©nnwtfi SEASON 1923-1924 Direction Leo W. Long ■ -IL1 ' J:? ‘ ML* ■ Bach-Liszt ... Haydn Mozart Beethoven I. J. PADEREWSKI legretto 'out Direction—GEORGE ENGLES) Friday Evening, January 4th, 1924 eight-thirty o’clock Chopin 7. Don Juan Fantasia Mozart-Liszt (Steinway Piano Used) (Tour Direction: George Engles) CLOCK ROOM IN FOYER. LADIES’ PARLORS ON BALCONY FLOOR. USE SIDE EXITS AFTER CONCERT DIRECT TO STREET. NO ONE WILL BE SEATED WHILE MUSIC IS IN PROGRFCc �program i. Fantasia and Fugue Bach-Liszt 2. Andante con variazioni Haydn 3. Rondo, A Minor Mozart 4. Sonata, D Minor, Op. 31, No. 2 Beethoven Largo—Allegro—Adagio—Allegretto 56. 7. Variations on a theme by Paganini A Ballade, A Flat, Op. 47..... Nocturne, E Major, Op. 62 Mazurka, C Sharp Minor, Op. 41 Mazurka, F Sharp Minor, Op. 59 Valse, A Flat, Op. 34 Brahms ' Don Juan Fantasia ► Chopin Mozart-Liszt (Steinway Piano Used) (Tour Direction: George Engles) CLOCK ROOM IN FOYER. LADIES' PARLORS ON BALCONY FLOOR. USE SIDE EXITS AFTER CONCERT DIRECT TO STREET. NO ONE WILL BE SEATED WHILE MUSIC IS IN PROGRESS. (Steinway Piano Used) (Tour Direction: George Engles) CLOCK ROOM IN FOYER. LADIES' PARLORS ON BALCONY FLOOR. USE SIDE EXITS AFTER CONCERT DIRECT TO STREET. NO ONE WILL BE SEATED WHILE MUSIC IS IN PROGRESS. �3rem Stemple Qhmreris 1923-1924 T)/rec/lon, Leo W. Long Tuesday, October 16th Geraldine Farrar, Soprano Thursday, November Sth Mabel Garrison, Soprano Cecilia Hansen, Violinist Friday, November 30th Emilio deGogorza, Baritone Friday, Dvieinbcr 14ih Alberto Salvi, Harpist Friday, January. 4th. I. J. Paderewski, Pianist Wednesday, January 23rd Fritz Kreisler, Violinist Monday, February 4th Louis Graveure, Baritone Wednesday, February 27th Sigrid Onegin, Contralto Thursday, March 20th N. Y. Symphony Orchestra Walter DamroBch, Conductor (Tour Direction E.O.ES—— USE S.OE EX.TS .he. X WHILE MUSIC .S .. PROGRESS. �PROGRAM TOASTMASTER zVmerica Ensemble ADDRESS ...Col. Robert M. Vail National Guard of Pennsylvania ADDRESS His Excellency Jan Ciechanowski Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary of the Republic of Poland to the I' S. of America McLu ADDRESS address Hon. Edmond �Pulaski Sesquicentennial Celebration ^eunsgluania $ulaski S'PBquirenknnial (Urlebratiun 3Knr iCnEmw (tattfy program Hon. Arthur H. James, Lieutenant-Governor, Chairman National Anthem Invocation .......................... Address of Welcome Rev. Paul S. Heath Hon. Daniel L. Hart •> • Hon. John S. Fisher Address Governor of Pennsylvania Hon. Robert von Moschzis^er Address Chief Justice of Pennsylvania Polish Melodies Address . 109M Field Artillery Band His Excellency Tytus Filipotvicz Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary of the Republic of Poland to the United States Address Benediction National Hymn Hon. Francois Pulaski Rt. Rev. Charles E. Goec^et �^ulaaki ^ffiquirrnirttmal Jjjiatnriral &mmiir ^anklet anh ^rngram Enteral (Oasimir ^ulaski �CAte, UitatLon The Polish Embassy. Washington, D. C., under date of July 14, 1930, addressed separate communications to Senator Laning Harvey and Rev. Francis Kasaczun, as follows: “I take much pleasure in advising you that the President of the Republic of Poland, in appreciation of your interest in that country and your services rendered in the fostering of closer relations between Poland and the United States of America, has conferred upon you the Officer's Cross of the Order of Polonia Restituta. “Allow me to express to you my best con­ gratulations on this occasion. “I am, dear sir, “Sincerely yours, “V. PODOSKI, c..-..-*—- --- " �Olbrzymi rozwdj prxemydu umoillwll Polsce wkrocxonle na miqdxynarodowe rynkl. Od wlelu lat duxym uxnaniem wirdd kontrahenl6w xogranlcznych ciesxq siq wyroby poliklego prxemyilu maszynowego I chemicznego a w ostatnlch lalach gofowe obiekly przemyilowe. Ek*porlu|emy do wlelu krajdw Europy, Ax|l i Ameryki gotowe urxqdxenia dla cukrownl, fabryk belonu, chlodnl, odlewnl, kopalnl wqgla oral •focznl. Rosnqce wciqi xamdwlenia iwiadcxq nle fylko o wiolkich moillwoiciach poliklego prxemyslu lecx takie o doskonaloici na*xe| produkcji. ��,^n AMERICAN JOURNAL — MARCH 19th, 1955 Felicia Vlodek, Soprano In Wilkes-Barre, Mar. 27 i‘ — — ----- JXa________ Wvnminp —■ .. "■■■■- . 1 "'* _L!,‘ March 15, 1955 Mrs. Vincent Vnaniecki 500 East Main Street Nanticoke, Pennsylvania Dear Mrs. Znaniecki: Thank you ever so much for forwarding tickets for the recital which will be held in our gymnasium at 3:30 p.m. on March 22. It was most thoughtful of you to remember us and if we are in Wilkes-Barre, you may be assured that we will be with you on that occasion. ireiiiJ-pTio-o; ubqjtbi U'BuLXT’Bq I am tremendously appreciative of the interest you folks are showing in the development of the Polish Room, and it is my hope that before too many years pass we will be able to reserve a very fine room for the display of objets d’art of Poland. •£T TTJ<! Best wishes to you. T^sui jnc suuv \{ sr Very sincerely yours, S9ZJJC1 t JO X9IV EdF/js puo 99JJOO P9Q spoo§ pa^ pws qJS ptra s Sj q sj qoi s>|ooq �I9ih, |955 Felicia Vlodek, Soprano In Wilkes-Barre, Mar. 27 Wilkes-Barre, Pa. — Wyoming-----------------------------------------Valley will get its first glimpse of Felicia’s^concert engagements were March 15, 1955 7W ireaip2t[0-c ere aj tel *£T TTJC TifSUT jnc 9UUV SSZJJCl JO Q9JJS xstv pire 33 J jo PS: spoo9 psi aqq pere qje( pure si S,Q] *6£61 ST qoTt sjjooq eot 3C 1WW0 �~ journal _ ----------—- ----- 19th, I955 Su "**• March 15, 1955 Mrs. Vincent Vnaniecki 500 East Main Street Nanticoke, Pennsylvania Dear Mrs. Znaniecki: Thank you ever so much for forwarding tickets for the recital which will be held in our gymnasium at * 33 it was most thoughtful of you ireajT^ilo-o, Lrenjjr' uwre GEORGE V. SHEEDER 205 BARNEY STREET WILKES-BARRE. PA. TTJC TijSUJtU 9UUV •( sazjjci . JO Q95JS1 X9TV PITC 93 j joo P9QspooS pgjf oqq pin? qjg pire s J9Ql?T SjQ *6^6 sj ipT' S5|OOq 901 (^t/b'^y^' �JOURNAL 1 Felicia Vlodek —_—---- Felicia Vlodek Will Appear This Afternoon at 3:30 Mrs. Vincent Znanieckl, right, is chairman for the concert of Velicia Vlodek this afternoon at 3:3faF"the Wilkes College gym­ nasium. Clifford Balshaw will accompany Miss Vlodek. Mrs. Joseph Drapiewski, left, is publicity chair. The artist will include in her program Jlor.arfs "Allelujah” from •‘The Messiah,’’ the “Bell Song"Les Fllles de Cadiz” and '•Romance” by Romberg. She will accompany herself at the piano in several Polish songs. Miss Vlodek has an excellent musical reputation on the con­ tinent and at her recitals in this country. , The public is invited to attend . 400 At Song Recital Given Special Treat to tones of deep lavender; By MRS. WESLEY E. WOODRUFF pinks j a mantle of the chiffon fell The audience of about four and < from her shoulders. | hundreu gathered in Wilkes Col- gracefully i lege gymnasium yesterday after­ For her brilliant numbers she had chosen Mozart ’ s "Allelujah, ” noon, was quite unprepared for the 1 Filles de Cadiz” and the “Bell great treat in store for'them. The "Les ' committee in charge of raising Song” from Lakme, bqth by Deli- ■ “Adele’s Laughing Song” from funds for the furnishing of the bes, I Polish room at the college, under Fledermaus by Strauss, and one of the leadership of Mrs. Joseph the famous arias from Verdi’s ' Kenyan, was responsible for bring­ "Traviata.” It would be difficult ing Felicia Vlodek, Polish colora­ to imagine the "Allelujah” more tura soprano, to Wilkes-Barre and beautifully sung, it was so fluent and so joyous. She added a pic­ she gave a lovely recital. From the time she was six, Mme. turesque touch to the "Maids of Vlodek studied music in her native Cadiz” with castinets to point up city of Lwow. Later she had the the rhythm.’ The difficult "Bell good foilune to study voice with Song” was brilliantly accomplished the famous Dr. Theo Lierhammer and the "Laughing Song” was de­ at the Vienna Academy, and finally licious and sparkling. had chances to sing under the But one admired not only her » 1 batons of Weingartner and Tosca­ musiclanly workmanship and amaz-* nini before World War II dashed ing virtuosity, but the depth of : feeling she expressed in "When I her into a maelstrom of horrors. That she could, rise from this and Have Sung My Songs To You” by gather up the broken pieces of Charles and "So Deep .Is The her life and finally sing again Night" by Chopin. Other songs de­ proved her indomitable courage. lightfully interpreted wore "Plaisir d’Amour” by Martini, Schubert’s And she can sing. Her voice is perfectly placed “Hciden Rocslein," Testi’s "La Serand, having been taught Bel Canto, enata,” "Romance” by Romberg is completely flexible and easeful. and “Johnny” by the Polish comthroughout her tonal range of: poser, Niewiadomski. four and a half octaves. Her sud­ As an encore the Madame gave den flights into the highest alti­• an aria from “La Boheme” in very tudes of her voice bring tones of: fine style. the utmost clarity and beauty. Her Clifford Balshaw, organist and descending scale is like a strandI choirmaster of St. Stephen’s of pearls, so exquisite is each note.. Church, played superb accompaniShe never failed in accuracy of[ ments, assisting immeasurably in pitch and that cannot be said, un­ making the recital a complete suc­ • fortunately, of some of our most cess. lauded coloratura singers. In fact, At the end Mme. Vlodek added several Polish songs, playing her. this writer having heard some of the most famous, as Barrientos, own accompaniments.. One of these Galli Cured and Lily Pons, does not was from the "Insurrection of. hesitate to say that she had even Warsaw,” composed by herself. greater pleasure in listening to this, Dr. and Mrs. Kocyan entertained with a buffet supper at their home] as yet, lesser known singer. She is petite and attractive, following the recital and a few, charming and vivacious. Her gown had an opportunity to talk with with its bouffant skirt and close the artist, finding her highly in­ fitting bodice shaded from lusciousi telligent and very winning. �Felicia Vlodek, Soprano In Wilkes-Barre, Mar.27 Wilkes-Barre, Pa. — Wyoming Valley will get its first glimpse of Felicia Vlodek, Polish coloratura soprano, star of the Vienna State Opera, when she appeal's at WilkesCollege Gymnasium, this city, Sun> day afternoon, March 27 at 3:30 p.m., sponsored by the Polish Room Com­ mittee of Wilkes-College. A dainty, vivacious brunet, she is part of the modern trend claiming Patrice Munsel, Rob­ erta Peters. Mildred Mill** »n>i Felicia’s concert engagements were cut short for reasons of health. Dur­ ing the dreadful ordeal in a Ger­ man concentration camp, three of her ribs and an arm were broken by the Gestapo. The first of a giant Russian slamming against her ear, impaired that organ, and Felicia found it necessary to rest and under­ go long periods of medical care. To­ day she is fully recovered. WILKES COLLEGE POLISH ROOM COMMITTEE March 20, 1959 Dear Member Enclosed please find four tickets and two chance books for the card party, bake sale, and fashion show, which is to be held in Wilkes College Gymnasium,, April 22, 1959Please make your contacts as soon as possible, ("It's later than you think.") Invite your husbands, sweethearts and friends. Your cooperation in the past has been superb and we sincerely will appreciate it now. The fashion show will be enlightening because the fashions will be from the House of Fashion. The baked goods delicious because they will be made by you and donated through your kind generosity. Everyone will enjoy coffee and cake. A delightful evening for all. Please contact Mrs. Richard Stefanski and Mrs. Alex Kresge for baked goods. Mrs, Viola Schwartz for basket of cheer - any kind of spirits will be accepted. Door prizes will be graciously accepted by Mrs. Anthony Wallace. Anne Grosek will gladly mail you more tickets or call your neighborhood chairman for more. Mrs. Thaddeus Nowinski is chairman of chance books. Please make returns early and no later than April 15 We solicit your utmost suunort. Sincerely yours, xu my esumarion, viuuca, rank first among the most lauded singers, Truly the audience was electrified at the artistic rendition of trills, runs, and cadenzas. There was a moment of reverent silence when she rendered “The Insurrection of Poland’’ composed by herself. -- — - Mrs. Stanley Dombroski, Chairman Mrs, Michael Weiss, Co-Chairman Mrs, Vincent Znaniecki, Co-Chairman world War H interCaFeer and after rrmination of hostilities she ■ ~«n>pe. Tuted estates. Since 1046 she ts given concerts .in this couny. She has sung under Arturo ascanmi and Felix Welngartner The public ie invited to attend ha concert, , win be as ” \\ \paS- j scph Rnshin cbalt �POLISH AMERICAN JOURNAL — MARCH 19th, 1955 Felicia Vlodek, Soprano ' In Wilkes-Barre,Mar.27 Wilkes-Barre, Pa. — Wyoming ■ Felicia’s concert engagements were Valley will get its first glimpse of Felicia Vlodek, Polish coloratura cut short for reasons of health. Dur­ ing the dreadful ordeal in a Ger­ soprano, star of the Vienna State Opera, when she appears at Wilkes- man concentration camp, three of her ribs and an arm were broken by College Gymnasium, this city, Sun/ day afternoon, March 27 at 3:30 p.m., the Gestapo. The first of a giant Russian slamming against her ear, sponsored by the Polish Room Com­ impaired that organ, and Felicia mittee of Wilkes-College. found it necessary to rest and under­ A dainty, vivacious brunet, she go long periods of medical care. To­ is part of the modern trend day she is fully recovered. claiming Patrice Munsel, Rob­ Music lovers are in for a real erta Peters, Mildred Miller and treat when they hear Felicia. Hilda Gucden who hitch fprm She is undoubtedly one of the and grace to golden voices. finest coloratura sopranos today. Called the “Polish Nightingale” Besides her singing qualities Fe­ Felicia studied under the great pro­ licia is an accomplished pianist fessor the Theo Lierhammer at the and has written a number of de­ Vienna Academy of Art and Music. lightful classical and popular She starred at the famous Vienna compositions. State Opera and was coloratura prima donna of the Warsaw Opera, having sung opposite Jan Kiepura. Combining delightful vocal sup­ pleness and superb musicianship, Felicia made extensive tours of Eu­ rope before the war singing in Italy, France, Belgium and at the famed Salzburg Festival in Austria. When World War II broke out she was a prisoner in a German concentration camp, where she preferred hard labor to singing for the invaders of her home­ land. After her “liberation” by the Rus­ sians she suffered in a Communist , concentration camp. Her husband, Cambridge educated Prince Sulkow. ska, was murdered in 1946 by the Communists when he went behind the Iron Curtain to seek members of her family. All told, Felicia and her Mother remain alive; the rest of her immediate family having died under , the Gestapo and Communists. After hostilities, Felicia made her way to the west and joined the t American Occupation Forces in Ger­ many. In 1948 she came to Canada < with her Mother and worked as a VELICTA VLODEK domestic in Montreal. Her first North American concert in Roches­ Velicla Vlodek will appear Sunter in 1951 was given enthusiastic ley night, March 27, at Wilkes praise by critics an3 she returned to Sollego gymnasium. give a second performance. She has Mis3 Vlodek who rw bom In also sung over the C.B.S. in Mon­ ‘oland and made her debut tn treal. pera at the age of 14 in the; Barber of Seville,” was soon aclaimcd as a star and became sown throughout her native ountry. She then went to the icademy of Arts and Music In Luzerne County Memos: Felicia 'ienna and studied under ProVlodek, Polish coloratura soprano, issor Theo. Liehammer. From who recently appeared at a concert lere, her fame spread throughout at Wilkes-Barre College, sponsored ne continent and she appeared •i opera and concert work in by the Polish Room Committee, was lustria, Italy Yugoslavia, Gerwell received by the audience. As tany and Luxemburg. She also one person wrote to the JOURNAL: tade numerous radio appearances “In my estimation, Vlodek, should i Europe. World War n interapted her career and after the rank first among the most lauded irmlnation of hostilities, she singers, Truly the audience was lent to, Canada and then to the electrified at the artistic rendition of toted 'States. Since 1946, she trills, runs, and cadenzas. There was ts given concerts .in this couna moment of reverent silence when y. She has sung under Arturo ascanihl and Felix Welngartner. she rendered “The Insurrection of The public is Invited to attend Poland” composed by herself-. — ill soncert. — �PROGRAM </ 3IA VLODEK, Coloratura Soprano The Committed for the Polish Room of •d Balshaw af the Piano (aisir d’Amour _____ _________________ Martini Wilkes College llelujah from the Messiah_________ ___ Mozart :s Filles de Cadiz......... ... ............ . ..... ......... Delibes presents ill Song from Lakme....... ....... ............. ....... Delibes FELICIA dden Roeslein ........................ ..... ...... „... Schubert VLODEK lele’s Laughing Song from Fledermaus.... Strauss Coloratura Soprano INTERMISSION in a SONG Traviata, Act II ...................................... ..... Verdi Serenata ___________________ ________ Tosti RECITAL ten I Have Sung My Songs to You....... Charles Sunday, March 27, 1955 at 3:30 P. M. nance —.......... .......... ................... '__ ;__ Pomberg Deep is the Night----- ---------------------- Chopin at my -------------------------------- ’------ Nietviadomski WILKES COLLEGE GYMNASIUM Franklin Street, Wilkes-Barre, Pa. ~ ~ * k- in v lO D E K The Polish Nightingale” MISS VLODEK (originally spelled Wlodek) is a native of Lwow, Poland. From the age of six to seventeen she studied at the Conservatory of Music in her native city, graduating with two diplomas—in voice and piano. There­ upon, from 1934 to 1938 she received a scholarship from the Vienna Academy of Art and Music and studied with Dr. Theo Lierhammer, the director of the Academy, famous as voice teacher of Marion Anderson, Richard Tauber and Galli-Cmci. Still as a student In Vienna and later on Miss Vlodek appeared as guest artist with several European Symphony orchestras and sang under such famous conductors as Felix Wcingartner and Arturo Toscanini. Everywhere critics and audiences have been impressed by a remarkable combination of talents: de­ lightful vocal suppleness, superb musicianship, and a gay, winsome stage personality. Her tonal range is four and a half octaves, reaching an octave above Ifigh-C. The World War II interrupted her brilliant career. She found herself in the Warsaw Insurrection and had been through all the horrors of concentration camps of both German and Russian types. Her husband, a Polish prince with a Cambridge University degree, was kid­ napped and murdered by the Russians in West Germany less than a yeai' after the close of the war, She prefers to keep silent about the horrors of war that wiped out most of her family. In 1948 she managed to find her way to Canada with her mother, has slowly regained her health, became a Canadian citizen, and is now trying to piece together the pattern of her European musical career that was shattered by the war. �PROGRAM FELICIA VLODEK, Coloratura Soprano Clifford Balshaw at the Piano Plaisir d’Amour Martini Allelujah from the Messiah .......... Mozart Les Filles de Cadiz .............Delibes Bell Song from Lakme Heiden Roeslein . JDelibes ...................... Schubert Adele’s Laughing Song from Fledermaus Strauss INTERMISSION La Traviata, Act II Verdi La Serenata ..... Tosti When I Have Sung My Songs to You Charles Romance --------------------- ------------ So Deep is the Night Johnny ....................... FELICIA VLODEK “The Polish Nightingale” MISS VLODEK (originally spelled Wlodek) is a native of Lwow, Poland. From the age of six to seventeen she studied at the Conservatory of Music in her native city, graduating with two diplomas—In voice and piano. There­ upon, from 1934 to 1938 she received a scholarship from the Vienna Academy of Art and Music and studied with Dr.. Theo Lierhammer, the director of the Academy, famous as voice teacher of Marion Anderson, Richard Tauber and Calli-Cmci. Still as a student in Vienna and later on Miss Vlodek appeared as guest artist with several European Symphony orchestras and sang under such famous conductors us Felix Weingartner and Arturo Toscanini. Everywhere critics and audiences have been impressed by a remarkable combination of talents: de­ lightful vocal suppleness, superb musicianship, and a gay, winsome stage personality. Her tonal range is four and a half octaves, reaching an octave above ffigh-C. The World War II interrupted hep brilliant career. She found herself in the Warsaw Insurrection and had been through all the horrors of concentration camps of both German and Russian types. Her husband, a Polish prince with a Cambridge University degree, was kid­ napped and murdered by the Russians in West Germany less than a year after the close of the war. She prefers to keep silent about the horrors of war that wiped out most of her family. In 1948 she managed to find her way to Canada with her mother, has slowly regained her health, became a Canadian citizen, and is now trying to piece together the pattern of her European musical career that was shattered by the war, Romberg Chopin .'........ Nietviadomski �tte Nativity Theme At Wilkes Party ’ (M 'iesz The theme of this year’s■ Yuli irec,pn of Mr,. Jo”•>’" The f°l,oW‘ngyurkowski. Jo-' cast: Stanley Y Horbaczew!dPoli'sh °" 3 Room by tb« Wilkes ColS* lseph Mermak, Heoy . copmillee rs The >JUleZ WaUace, Jane „ kowski, SandrWaUace, Richard di-J Kulina. Jane Sandy - "stefanski, Alex ki> ChesSkuzinski, Paul Anthonj ter Urbanski, M£n Wojcik Wallace, Mrs. Mrs. Henf Mrs. Mary Serai in, chester u> 2£es|r= STaiSs g&ssa Richuard,;WSki J°seph K “ZlX the Christmas tea! in Nanticoke. ' Assisting Mrs. Rushin are the following members. Pr°R™ • xiell Wojnarski; lichard Stefanski and Miss Koons; refreshments, Mrs. ed Weiss, Mrs. Ed Kopmk , foieph O’Karma. »nd Mrs. g KM'4 <“ this af“ chairMiss Ne"-M%n Edward Norkman of pI°?’Dr0Rrams; and Mrs. ^SVnan’&j. ^"jo-l costumes, assisted y Anthonyl Wallace'1o"ws ^^^joTephl .Xer,^ QJaiurdayf {October Q2, 1955 - 8:40 ( at Q^ildes (College gymnasium G)irecteJ Ly o). ^roli �T^S-LEADERt THE EVENING NEWS, WILK Fas,lion' ’P Hisl0ry ^geant Recalls Early Days It A pageant, “Fashions In His-| The women of Wilkes-Barre at-; -Ace Hoffman studio. ry1 will be presented by the tamed high office in lhe move- „ \-omen's Committee for thesTu durin^1T9,15 and 1914. Mrs? £°S'~Ed,tor * *n ' chief-Mrs. i r .itch p™>m .t wm z- 11 Harrison Ilarvev was presi-, .atilerine sPeer Reed; Business 1 luh Room at Wilkes College on dent an(] -vjrs. pjefrf> g Rev-'Manager—Mrs. Harrison Harvey; rursday night at 8. at the col-lnolds. secretary of the State Or- Assistant Manager—Miss Olive |l ip. gymnasium. The affaiiy tolganization of Women Suffrage, ?11 Morn: Cartoonist—Miss t presented in conjunction with Party. Mrs. K. B. Lance v;a< Elizal)e,h Lance: many others I t. e Sesquicentennial of Wilkes-JCounty, Chairman. The list of. Participated in this endeavor,..' I ure, will depict scenes of ma-Jhose who partial" ; r events in the early history df'and contains the r l is city and Wyoming Valley. (known families. Shown above, seated, left Io ■_ The Wilkes-Bt - ;ht. are some of Hie committee Leader published lumbers: Mr;■>. Emil Suda, C_J„, Mrs. ' page ' special ----Worn, . ncent Znaniecki WILKES-BARRE - ■--.i and —1 Mr..‘.\s. Jo- Edition on March 1 ? >h Drapiewski. ... Jo wear, .... speech Standing, left to light. arc: Jencjing meetings,' ss Nell Wojnarski and Mrs.'were just a* impoi i anley Dombrowski. • !. present lime. 'at the The scenes chosen are dates nL The editorial Kr ijor events in the history of,Leader Wilkes-Bai1 ilkos-Barre and the Valley, and,'News” for that da; - clothes modeled are authen-'and published by t)' One scene will depict the i Wilkes-Barre Leagr thes women wore when‘Suffrage Party zoman .Suffrage” wa« a major! ~ tie in the country—the years:.’ 13 and 1914. Some of the val-l 's older residents will recall use days. /vUz RECORD, WEDNESDAY, MAY 2, Mrs. JohnJ-PUfihlin. left, and Mrs. Anthony.^-Wallace and Norman K Patton view Ihe piece ol coal weighing three tons, in front of the Anthracite Institute, Old River Road. Mrs'. Wallace also is shown receiving an ash tray from Mr. Patton. Mrs. Loughlin is chairman of properties and Mrs. Wallace co-chairman of costumes, lor the fashion pageant ‘‘Fashions in History” being sponsored by the womens committee (or the Polish Room at Wilkes College as part of the Wilkes-Barre Sesquicentennlal Cele­ bration. Mrs. Loughlin and Mrs. Wallace visited the Institute ’•ecentlyfor coal■ PJOPS for scenes in lhe pag-anl. which will take place Thursday. May 17, at 8 p. m. in Wilkes College gymnasium. Proceeds arc lor Wilkes College Building Fund. (Photo hy Ace Hnffm.n sm.Hu. �OCTOBER 24,^1955 Mickiewicz, (1798-1855) once dejf’scribed as the muse of freedom, worked ■ ifor the liberation of his native land at ! a time -when conditions' were hot unlike No nation is without its heroe§j5nd : ’.those, existing today. His heloved coun/its patriotSj its poets and playwrights. ■| try was under the yule of foreign S?| Poland is fortunate to .have in'Adam ; oppression and; ifr was his’/ voice that. W Mickiewicz-the inspired combination, of > was heard , above all ;Others,.exho:'ting '7 ... j patriot,; ]Jdet,'' • and ' playwright whose fellow;‘ Poles . tp carry on: ‘despite, the j, ■ -qrgj death -a; century 'ago is being com­ lpbflds.7/■ 7 -.. MONDAY, MARCH fy A^p^j-nprnoratpd -this year by Americans of IL;.Zt.isunderstandable .why poems of ■[lofty idealism -and human solidarity •1 - '-‘J’olish extraction. came;, from, his pen. His ..poetry brims. . ,. Gifted with poetic vision and touched Library Exhibits •by’ the plight of- his'" people oppressed yyith7 robust /and< impetuous, optimism. Mickiewicz Works • •under^tyrannical -rule, Mickiewicz; an hi “The[Potato,” ^ritteri in 1819,' he t outstanding figure in world literature, spoke ' m;:lofty rhetorical style about 'dedicated' his life to the Cause of free­ «America7as feath of dom. .Even.after 100■ years his words ipredictedSjf^. current..;ro'le .in restoring freedom to Europe ~ ■ Exhibit ‘ appear' like prophecies that‘foreteU''’the ; C $ur community is fortunate injbeing .fate of . the oppressor. .Like Byron, Hi __ ___ k _ he admired, and Emerson,'.who' able"to see a presentation of Mickiewicz s One/'of the featureAjof this 'whom • exhibit -is Za deluxe•’ -'illustrated ,i was his contemporary,, this.,; patriqtic ■ Dziady. (The Forefathers)';dramatizing ■edition of, "Pan, Tadefi'z”. in Po- I bard speaks in the language' of .freemen the' dternal corifhct.^befWeen 'good and lish, the po'etbes/^thown work.’ , ; everywhere. ^Without the voice’ of-the evik/A distin^shedictashdfcommunity Two English, translations also ■' poet, freedom" dies on the lips oft those actors'will-perform>m costumes of. the ■ are. shown. The deluxe volume * was lent-for the exhibit by Mr. I( who cry her name and languishes in ■play’s, period at the Wilkes College ‘ and'Mrs. Richard Stefan^ki, 398 the hearts of those dedicated to her gymnasium on' October 22 under- .the 5 North Main Street.. , X Kocyan, I sponsorship of Wilkes College Polish Dr. and Mrs. Josephf survival. Club, headed by Miss Mary Koons and ’ 137 South Franklin.'Street, pro- ■ ■ vided :a handsome vqlume on | Mrs. Joseph' Kocyan. It is significant in • Poland which is open •'to. show ' our times that the play cuts across ! photographs of. the. theater in . ' Warsaw, .where Mickiewicz's dranational boundaries to remind us the ' mang»poem ‘'Forefather's Eve” .best safeguard to freedom is the strong .was ftisb acted. This drama is to ■ be . presented-at-Wilkes College land vital support of all citizens. Mickiewicz Centennial Observance In This City 1 on October-22, ip celebration ',of ■ the’’/Mickiewicz /Centenary, Important in thisfexhibit are a half dozen bodkg in English by and about MickigWipz. to I I the Osterhodf recently-given by the -unify ahd- friends/ of.,Wojciech BBdnafz as an addition to the Bedharz '^Memorial Collection of boek's- on-Poland.-: The Bednarz , . Collection was established in 1953 ' following the death';.of My. BednaWfcon ,MarqKv 32 -of- that year. MnlBednarz was-’born in Mielec, Poland ' in ■ 1883,, .bid .came to , Wilkes-garre ih -19(w'ahd became ■ an American citizen in 1910. ; - The Bednarz'Memorial books in . Che Mickffewicz exhibit are "Adam I Mickiewicz, Poet ■ of Polandf” by ; i anf red Krldl: "Poems”- by ; Mickiewicz; "Pan Tadeuz,’.’ 1 I "Miskiewlcz in English,” a biblio- • i grqphy, and "Czartoryskl,” by Kukiel, a book whichtf.throws much.light on the tffries fri which ’ Mickiewicz lived and on his patriotic activities. ' Photographs of Mickiewicz, of his statue in Warsaw,.-of the house' In Paris.where "Pan Tadeuz”. was written and of the title page and-'fifct page-.’of the original mahq&crlpt. of this book, wer£ made available by the Polish 'Embassy in Washing­ ton, and are shown < with tne official announcement of the Centenary which is being cele­ brated around the world. —Will. be on view QM>men', Lillee for ike ^oli.1. ^oon, al Allege presenh ^OXEfat!lE,ZtL. ZJJE, @omtne»iorall>ig llie (Yl'lic/iicii’icz @tnltnnial ofalurJay, (£)cloler QQ, 1Q55 - 8:40 al WilL, (College ^y»inasiuin G)irfcl»J ly ffioh ffili/miuion, inci:/. lax $1.00 r-'l I. ,<S •/.ffl �.. ’ &BARRE,’. PA., .dWOJ . . TIMES-LEADER, IPEEi® THE EVEXIKG NEWS, 'WILK 'reduction To Mark; Ahrljversar^ Of Polish Pdet's, Death Production Adapted From . Pbeiri/’The Forefathers’ ■ ..BenJSfiPk and James Jones go ■mayk' the,; 100th ,'anmversafy oftwafd-.MakQwski. Tickets chairover a. scene front the^ forthcom­ the death: of .Adam Mitklewicz,' martisSS-Thaddeus Nowinski ing -production,'11 “The • forefa­ brilliant Polish poet. and. literary with Mrs. Edward~Nbfk as cothers,” which feill-be'presented at figure. Cook ,will play the part chairman.1 Costumes chairmar ;th.e Wilkes' College gymnasium ofKonrad, while Jones, a senior is Mrs. Anthony , Wallac*, as­ Saturday night at 8:40 by? th 6 at Wilkes, will portray the Evil sisted, by. Mrs.’ Joseph MieszkowWomen’s Cl lib for a "Polish Room Spirit of, the Devil. ’ .■ ski as •co-eHhirman. at Wilkes"’.. ■: » Alfred Groh is directing .the Proceeds1, ijf-the play will b< .Cook, a •veteran of many years play. ' Mrs?Alex' Kresge is chair­ used to equip a Pdlish Boom ir iij»show,- business^ will: have the man. of the entire production, one of the buildings at Wilke: lead part in the play* which will assisted by co-ohairman Mrs. Ed- College.1 1 . •»,- Ant-insight into the/historical heritage of Poland was. given an audience that saw a pla^adapted from-Adam •Mickiewicz’ dramatic. po'em? - “The 1 Forefathers,” at Wilkes' College gymnasium.' The -production, directed by Alfred ,S. Groh, and sponsored by Women’s Club for the Polish Room, at Wilkes, was offered - Saturday 1 night. Mr. Groh is director of theater at Wilkes. Setting of the play was Wilno. cultural center of Lithuania.1 Costumes were appropriate - to't the 1830s. Scene of' Part 1 was a convent converted into a prison . hell. Part -2 was the chambers of Senator Navdsiltsev, ruler of/thfrkJccupied country. “The Forefathers” os histori­ cally accurate.’ Actual attempts by student bands to end oppres­ sion resulted in imprisonment. In the play, Pani Rollison, a 1 blind widow, seeks to avenge her son’s death, after', it had- been foretold by the r poet Konrad, brooding in liis cell. : Contributions to the presenta­ tion that -’won . warm response ' from the, audienTe were by Mrs. s Joseph 'Drapiewski, " prologue; - Jane Obit!, narrator; Joseph i Mirmak'"and .Stanley Delescav, age, »as‘ prisoners; James1 Jones, portraying the devil battling for f the poet’s soul; Raymond Kra: koski, as Father Peter; Ben Cook, i the poet. ■ 1 • Also Sam Barnard, a Russian Senator; Basia Mieszkowgki, as I Pani RolllSonn, the blind woman; . Leon Wazeter; Sr., as a doctor who collaborated with the enemy and died for his betrayal; Charles Robbins and - Joseph Oliver, . henchmen of the. Senator; Jean �THE WOMEN'S COMMITTEE FOR THE POLISH ROOM AT WILKES COLLEGE presents .... written by MRS. STEFAN HELLERSPERK directed by Mrs. Vincent Znaniecki and Mrs. Stefan Hellersperk under the supervision of MR. ALFRED GROH Music by MRS. MARY BOLESTA MAY 17, 1956 — 8:40 P. M. Wilkes College Gymnasium �~~~ PATRONS----Judge & Mrs. J. J. Aponick Mr. Harry Butkiewicz Dr. & Mrs. Albert Cooper Mr. & Mrs. John Cresko Dr. & Mrs. C. C. Groblewski Mr. & Mrs. Stefan Hellersperk Mr. & Mrs. Adam Hozempa Dr. & Mrs. J. J. Kocyan Miss Mary Koons Mr. & Mrs. Al J. Kopicki Mr. & Mrs. Edward Kopicki Mr. & Mrs. John Kopicki Mr. & Mrs. Alexander Kresge Mr. & Mrs. Joseph Lester E. C. Mazanowski, Drugs and Prescriptions Mr. & Mrs. Anthony Margavitcz Mr. & Mrs. Paul Mikita Orange Dairy, Dallas, Pa. Mr. & Mrs. Edward Pawlak Polish Alliance, Plymouth, Pa. Mr. & Mrs. Joseph Piszczek Drs. Joseph & Halina Rushin Mr. & Mrs. J. B. Rutkowski Mr. & Mrs. Alexander Seleski Mr. & Mrs. Leonard Seleski Mr. & Mrs. J. B. Stetz Mr. & Mrs. Richard Stefanski Mr. & Mrs. Frank Strojny Mr. & Mrs. Walter Songaila Mr. & Mrs. Adam Yankowski ----- SPONSORS------Dr. & Mrs. J. C. Aszuk Mr. & Mrs. Frank Boguszewski Mrs. Edward Chopper & Sons Dr. & Mrs. Stanley Dombrowski Dr. & Mrs. John Drapiewski Dr. & Mrs. Joseph Drapiewski Dr. & Mrs. Leo Filar Mi-. & Mrs. Alexander Gasowski Mr. & Mrs. Ludwig Giowacki Miss Ann Grosek Mr. & Mrs. Anthony Grosek Mr. & Mrs. Julius Haebick Mr. & Mrs. John Harkins Dr. & Mrs. S. L. Hudacek Atty. & Mrs. Peter Kanjorski Dr. & Mrs. Norman Karmilowicz Louise Keefe Beauty Studio Dr. & Mrs. Edward Kielar Leona & John Klocko Mr. & Mrs. George Kocyan, Sr. Mr. & Mrs. George Kocyan, Jr. Atty. & Mrs. A. J. Laffey Mrs. Frank Lukesh Mr. & Mrs. Matthew Lesko Lotte & Leo Crystal Bottling Works Dr. Edward Makowski Dr. & Mrs. B. J. Milewski Miss Ann Mushinski Miss Genevieve Norbert Mr. & Mrs. Edward Nork Dr. & Mrs. T. S. Novinski Mr. & Mrs. Walter Pawlowski Mrs. Mary Peters Dr. & Mrs. J. W. Piekarski Mrs. Victoria Pietkiewicz Mr. & Mrs. George Ruckno Dr. & Mrs. T. A. Salaczynski Mr. & Mrs. Clem Schwartz Mr. & Mrs. Narcy Stapinski Dr. & Mrs. Stanley Stapinski Mr. & Mrs. Emil Suda Mr. & Mrs. Stanley Suseck Miss Josephine Stocks Miss Theodosia Trotzski Dr. & Mrs. Daniel Urbanus Mr. & Mrs. Chester Urbanski Miss Sophie Vnuknowski Mr. & Mrs. Michael Weiss Mr. & Mrs. John Wojcik Miss Nell Wojnarski Miss Delphlne Wysocki Miss Wanda Zawadzski Mr. & Mrs. Dennis Zeveney Mr. & Mrs. Vincent Znaniecki Mr. & Mrs. Stanley Zyckowski �PROLOGUE COMMENTATORS INDIAN SCENE — Indian Squaw Indian Children ... Indian ....... —....... BRIDAL SCENE — 1885 First Bride Dresser Mother of Brides ... Second Bride Mrs. Joseph Drapiewski, Miss Charlotte Lord, Miss Basia Mieskowski ..... .............. Miss Jule Znaniecki Miss Nini Znaniecki, Master Albert F. Cooper ............... _... Mr. John Alden, Mr. Dick Bant at SPORTS SCENE — 1885 Tennis z.. Bathing Machine SETTLER SCENE — 1772 Men Mr. James Ward, Mr. Andrew Mamary, Mr. Arthur Hoover Women Mrs. Joseph Aszuk, Mrs. Alex Gasowski, Mrs. Michael Weiss, Miss Jule Prisbek, Mrs. Alexandra Wallace, Mrs. Richard Struzewski § ASYLUM SCENE — 1793 Frenchwomen ... Frenchmen Mrs. John Drapiewski, Mrs. John Kopicki .. Mr. Joseph Szymanski, Mr. Dennis Zeveney, Jr. PROGRAM FELL SCENE — 1806 Women Men Mrs. Thaddeus Salaczynski, Mrs. Edward Pawlak .. Mr. Selecky, ” Mr. Albert G. Albert ■' Paul ~ QUILTING SCENE — 1820 Welsh Mrs. Thelma L. Davis, Mrs. Anna A. Jones, Mrs. J. Richards Irish -------------------------------------------------------------- Mrs. Karen Branigan Valley Women .. .. Mrs. Norman Karmilowicz, Mrs. Edward Williams, Mrs. Edward Nork, Mrs. W. Filipczyk FASHION OF 1830 — Day Fashion Evening Fashion § Mrs. Joseph Skuzinski ... Mrs. William Todd THE BASQUE BECOMES A FASHION — 1848 Mrs. Hugo Anstett, Mrs. Louis Conrad German ------- Miss Maria Koenig, Miss Lillian Loefele Welsh Miss Ella Ray Bevan, Mrs. Raymond L. Bevan, Mrs. Raymond Bromfield, Mrs. Edward V. Davis, Miss Harriet Howell, Mrs. George Harrison, Mrs. Ralph Morgan, Mrs. John Withey Irish Mrs. William Branigan, Miss Dorothy Smith, Mis Anne Smith Model 1856 — THE CRINOLINE ........ . Mrs. Emil Suda Mrs. Stephen Jonas, Mr. Tad Cheshelski 1861 — CIVIL WAR STATION SCENE Women Mrs. Edward Welles, Miss Nell Wojnarski, Mrs. Stephen Jonas, Jr. Gentleman ........... ...... ............ . ................ Mr. Leon Wazeter Civil War Soldiers Mr. Paul Kanjorski, Mr. Larry Chopcr, Mr. Charles Montgomery, Jr., Mr. Dennis Zeveney, Jr. THE MODE OF THE BUSTLE — 1870 Model Mrs. Stanley Dombroski THE POLONAISE — 1880 Day Fashion ........... .... Miss Anne Grosek Evening Fashion .. Mrs. William Todd § § ........... Miss Marcy Sedor ... Mrs. S. Horbaczewski ..... Miss Anne Mushinski Mrs. Richard Struzewski Miss Jule Znaniecki ... Mrs. Viola Schwartz, Dr. Joseph Ziemba TRAVEL - 1889 — Model — Miss Rita Hudak 1890 — EUROPEAN NEWCOMERS: Ukraine ..... Miss Elaine Buchinski, Miss Pearl Cirko, Miss Steffie Konnick, Mr. Michael Oresick Slovak Miss Helen Ancin, Miss Josephine Drugach, Miss Dolores Kwasnak, Mrs. Paul R. Selecky Polish .. Mrs. John Wojcik, Miss Phyllis Szymanski, Miss Susan J. Laughlin, Mr. Joseph Szymanski Italian ... Mrs. Michael Clark, Mrs. Michael Degillio, Miss Rosemary Montone, Miss Anne O’Bici Greek Miss Mary Stathakis, Mr. James Karambelas Lebanese Miss Mary M. Ellis, Mrs. Michael Kormos, Mrs. Leonard Valenti Lithuania .. Mrs. John Bayoras, Mrs. Barbara Butcofski, Mrs. Adele Chepanonis, Miss Alice Grisconis, Jerry Kizis, Mrs. Bronis Kaslas, Miss Mary Zarecki THE GAY NINETIES — 1890-1900 1891 — "Wasp Waist --------------------- Mrs. Alex Gasowski § Tea Gown — ----- Miss Marilyn Rushin § 1892 — Winged Sleeve Mrs. Edward Pawlak & 1895 — Melon Sleeve — Suit Miss Hetty Horbaczewski & Evening Fashion----------------- Miss Barbara Aszuk X 1898 — Beige and Black Mode Suit —.. Mrs. Joseph Pisczek Gown .... - Mrs. Albert Rostalski 1900 — Princess Fashion ... Mrs. Edward Williams TWENTIETH CENTURY FASHIONS 1901 — Two Fashions _... Mrs. George Kocyan, Jr., Mrs. Edward Nork 1903 — Suit Mrs. Stanley Dombroski 1904 — Duster Mrs. Anthony Wallace 1906 — Gibson Girl — ....... Mrs. John Laughlin 1907 — The Elegant Look Miss Vera Davis, Mrs. Edward B. "Wicks 1908 — Merry Widow----------------------------------------- Mrs. Viola Schwartz WORLD WAR I 1917 — Bride .... Mrs. Bernard Hudak & Officer .. — — Mr. Edmund Kotula ? Mother --------------------------- ------ Mrs. Joseph Aszuk y Suffrage — 1918 . Mrs. Alex Gasowski, Mrs. John Drapiewski, y Miss Anne Mushinski & Flapper Period — 1925 ... Miss Theresa Cardone, Mr. Jack Oldfield, A Mrs. Stephen Jonas, Jr., Mr. Robert Rodham S Miss Anthracite Helen Dunbar j CONCLUSION — ‘THIS IS WILKES-BARRE' Black Diamond Miss Marvie Nadwodney § Miss Sesqui-Centennial �■ ���Aoril ZQ Mrs. Joseph J. Kocyan 137 South Franklin Street Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania Dear Marie The dance program was one of the most beauti­ ful that I have ever seen, and I was proud to have the name of the College associated with a performance of this cali­ ber. Will you please convey to the members of your group my deep sense of gratitude not only for the work that they are doing but for the caliber of the program that they presented. President ESF: mkb UJ-*i‘erence 1000 �Wi Ad; J°Seph J’ Kocy. is little doubt rsity of Cr®c^’ lo, who in 5 one 'bf Poland’s n StI o-rre, Pennsy Dear Marie; 07.’ski must have taugl, ry, if the legend is owski story largely p us character in liter .cts with the devil; t . gs with numerous dev The dance prog ful that I have ever seen, of the College associated v her. Will you please cc group my deep sense of grati that they are doing but for the they presented. Cwardowski legend, lik Lict of the "new learn semistry, physics, as icion as one delving ert, the most learn c a renowned collector protect him against ' he stories cribeu him u <*> 1005). v/hich de Luite evident that Twaruow with his name. Magician and the ..itcher alchemist, trj Twardowski appears as an like Paracelsu . and cabalist, searching of the universt .king to solve the riddle ;ho lived was said to visit the witche In fam thiw . magic—i‘e; as a philosopher who dealing with infernal spirits. summit of Lysa Gora (Bald mt.), a peak in Vfo ■ 5£* o- — II !\ trlj-fr. nn Betid kit.- " . ■ESFimkb �oA8 M*11$ lore* There is little doubt thz the University of Cracow, whi 11 Jagiello, who in Is 84 marr: becoming one ‘Of Poland's most 6r 150.00 1000.00 550.00 547.80 25.00 rLakon.-s?7.10 20.00 257.80 Y. Laz.-6.18 160.00 28.06--“' Dancers-5.51 28.27 \ Com.Gros9.27 ' O0 " V28.86 « W-®c have taught in Century, if the legend is true i Twardowski story largely paralie serious character in literature, compacts vzith the devil; but Faus dealings with numerous devils, all The Twardowski legend, like that ( conflict of the "nev. learning" wV in chemistry, physics, astronomy, suspicion as one delving in the I Gerbert, the most learn . man of was a renowned collector of manu not protect him against the stor death in 100.5), which described It is quite evident that Twardowski connects.. with his name. The magician an>. the ..itches Go Twardowski appears as an alchemist, tr^ ian ana cabalist, searching like Paracelsu seeking to solve the riddle of the univers i He was said to visit the witches who lived ■ ■ £»• ♦ -Ft 2. 0,551c® 6®* 6^5 as a rnagjk, .xie; as a philosopher, who, ^ve dealing with infernal spirits. summit of lysa Gora(Bald Mt.), a peak in t; 1X2__ _____________ ±2jrLi_L^JJ£b_LJ__ HI__ ___________ on JLqTzI I.H; . " �’B8ii .00 LB.^'S 00 ^■.0° there is little doubt th; tne University of Crcco’.. ..hi 11 Jagiello, who in lo84 marr: becomi. one of Poland’s most tbT-SS. nr co^ ujp*6 28 > 28-* 20 Twaraov.'ski must have taught in Centurj if the legenc. is true Twarao~ski stoiy largely paralle serious cnaracter in literature. com<.-acts ith the devil: but Fau deali g with numerous anvils An Mrs. Joseph J. Kocy 13 7 South Franklin Sti r kds ,Ae. - ^>6SB° ■*e°6b CcVj The Twardowski legend like that oi conflict ol the learning" with m chemistry, physics astronomy, mt suspicion ar one delvinr- in the blac. Gerbert tne most learn man ol' his as a renowneu collector oi manuscrip not protect him against the stories ci deat.: in IX‘3). which described him as • V 8‘S. - U-- ' ■•Pxooo .0° vA have handopthe diff.'<: ;ded t|7on buckdr exp. ■- to nee' PG cO^eX ^>t0¥ y000 no Withdrew t-175 from Acct Since Wilkes College paid \£fe^®nC O' mV It is suite evident that iwardowski connected with his name. Ihe magician anu thu ..itchc ■>o iwaraowsA'i appeal us an alchemist, tic lan anu cabalist searching like Faracelsu seeking to solve tne riddle oi the universe de aiu to visit die witche who lived no on . 6oiu: as a magicas a philosopher <e dealing with ini.rrnal spirits. summit of Lysa Gora (Bald mt J a oeak in ^•^kb �Pan Tvzardowski There is little doubt that Twardowski really lived, and that he was a professor in the University of Cracow, which today is called Jagiello University, in honor of VJladislau 11 Jagiello, who in 11 84 married the Polish Queen Jadwiga and sharea the throne with her, becoming one of Poland’s most efficient and famous monarchs. Twurdo-. • ki must have taught in the university late in the 15th and early in the 16 th Century, if the legend is true which says that Faust was his pupil. The fact is that the Twardowski story largely parallels that of Faust, with the exception that Faust became a serious character in literature, while Twardowski remains a figure of fun. Both made compacts with the devil; but Faust dealt with Satan himself, while Twardowski had his deali gs with numerous devils, all of whom he was clever enough to outwit. The Twardowski legend, like that of Faust, and Paracelsus, and Gerbert, grew out of the conflict of the "new learning" with popular beliefs. Anyone who was beginning to experimei in chemistry, physics, astronony, medicine, was naturally regarded by the populace with suspicion as one delving in the black arts ana therefore in league with infernal spirits. Gerbert, the most learn d man of his time, became Pope Silvesterll in the year 99‘J; he was a renowned collector of manuscripts and books. But his connection with the church did not protect him against the stories circulated about, him (chiefly, however1, after his death in 1003), which described him as a magician. It is quite evident that Twardowski was one of the "advanc-d" men; hence the legends connected with his name. FINANCIAL effort The magician and the ..itches So Twardowski appears as an alchemist, trying to turn base metals into gold; as a magic­ ian and cabalist, searching lil e Paracelsus for the elixir of life; as a philosopher, who ,5arL-ing to solve the riddle of the universe, was not above dealing with infernal spirits. He s said to visit the witches who liveu on the summit of Lysa Gora (Bald mt.), a peak in AtSrw ninge, by irJou^«or_ 2- f.--•:<->■ i-. (x>n---- -<• "x ;’i: _;t on Bold nt." in which, he depicts musically the revels of the witches and their ceremonies ihonor of Satan. Yurek Lazpwski Ballet - Ap? Irem Temple )enses : 1958 — $ ' 100< 55 3< Orchestra - F. Gregorcewicz Yrek Lazowski Twardowski is said to have experimenter, with rejuvenation; some of his "treatments" of patients went on for I years, others, much cheaper, for only a week. He conducted what t today we knpw as spiritualistic seance , in one of which, fob the benefit of King Sigis. 1, he brought back his dead tueen Barbara Zapolya. At that time, according to one author, Twardowski had as pupil and servant a man named i.iacius (Matthew), who s an adept Martz Bus -2-41 pass. Yurek Lazowski-freight G. ’.’.'interstein-light dir.&ass4^. 4 Irem men backstage 4 Anthracite Printery -(tickets,posters 7Engravers - & programs> Ads - Daily Papers, Sdn? undepend. Orchids - Mrs. P. Mulcey - in polishing glass and making mirrors; so Twardowski seems to have employed an art brought to a high pitch by modern stage magicians, and by it may well have fooled the King. City Amusement Tax - T. Evans 1 One tale relates that as a child Twardowski was promised by his father to the devil, in Twt ■ ov ki grew up, he visited the exchange for getting him out of serious trouble. J1ft infernal regions, clearing his path by , sprinkling it with holy water, and manage.. to re trieve the written contract which his father hud given the devil. Another story has it that when he became old Twardowski fell in love with a young and beautiful ■. ctrn, t.iin sum...one^ t-he devil to help him win her. " Either make me as young as she is, or make her as old as I am," Twardowski begged. Dealing with the Devil L gooa deal of bargaining resulted, the upshot of which was that Twardowski consented to deliver his soul to the devil, but only in Rome, which he hud no intention of visiting, ana that after his deatn the devil would marry his widow. The evil spirit thought he had a all '■■■ t of the contract, and turned Twardowski into a young man. hhereup the marriage was agreed on. From that time forth, the devil kept a watchful eye on Twardowski* goings and comings, ana one night pounced upon him in a tavern near Cracow ana told him to surrender his soul. "I ill do that, according to the bargain, only in Rome,’1 Twardowski expostulated. "You are now in Rome," the devil pointed out. "That is the name of this tavern,." co&e 1W1 &*°585'. \ S’71-50 1 $ selA ^eedeCi $175 from Acct, to cover College paid Backdrc ;:ithdre;^eS S5n$ c®175 N from Acc. 122.gQcheck - actually needed to v 52.30 Bal. on hand 3 �* Twardowski then reminded the spirit of his contract to marry his widowo But the devil replied that he had no intention of doing that, for he had discovered that Mrs. Twardowski was a witch of the most virulent type, with whom he wanted nothing to do. They argued far into the night, Twardowski plying the devil with wine until he was quite drunk. Then Twardowski agreed to accompany him, an . they took off into the air. After a time they came to a fork in the route; the road to the left led toward hell, that to the right to the moon. The sober Twardowski directed the devil into the right-hand path. and presently they landed on the moon’s surface, ■.'.hereupon Twardowski laughed heartily.. ,!Zou no longer have an >ower over me,” he said. "The moon is a heavenly body. So get out." And with I tremendous kick he booted the devil right out of the moon. That is why, if you look closely when the moon is full, you can see (If you are a ole) Twardowski wandering about on its surface, lie will br. delivered only when i’oland becomes free, and then he will return to his beloved country Twardowski Bode on a liooster But another version of the tale says that Twardowski and the devil did not arrive on th moon; that during their flight, Twardowski resorted to prayer, ana the terrified spirit was compelled to let him go. But the magician remained suspended in the air, ana there must remain until the Day of Judgment, in punishment for his crimes. Twardowski, in his visits to the Bald Mt. v;itc]jes, rode on the back of a rooster. Some say the bird was black, others white; still others claim Twardowski could change its color at will, making it white by day and black by night. April < 100( 35 34 Irem Temple- F. Gregorcewicz Orchestra Yrek Lazowski Martz Bus -2-41 pass. Yurek Lazowski-freight G. Winterstein-light dir.&ass^. 4 Irem men backstage * Anthracite Printery -(tickets,posters Engravers yu, > & programs./Ads - Daily Palters, SiM.^ndepend. Orchids - Mrs. P. Mulcey City Amusement Tax - T. Evans _come ■jota-T- 1 • - 55X8.50 " ®Penses'_ Twardowski can never be forgotten by the Poles. The Polish composer Luaomir Rozycki wrote a ballet about Mm, which was produced in Warsaw in 1921, and was later danced in Copenhag Zagreb, and elsewhen < i t ontinent. His story runs through the literature of Poland. But, unlike Faust, he is alwi wit and the trickster who does not hesitate to deal wi with the spirits of evil because he is so sure he is smarter than they are. » B=^S en -s0 Profit - V CY.ee* $eedeCi Withdrew VI75 from Acct, to cover Since Wilkes College paid Backdrc V 175 - check from Acc. 122.¥0 - actually needed to 52.50 Bal. on hand 3 $ �SS._c ��WILKES COLLEGE DEPARTMENT OF MUSIC PRESENTS MISS BAS1A MIESZKOWSKI. mezzo-soprano from the studio of Wilbur Isaacs ASSISTED BY MISS ANNE KENNEDY, violinist from the studio of Ferdinand Liva MR. DALE HEAPPS, MISS AUDREY BARTLETT at the piano PROGRAM I Priez Pour Paix .Poulenc Air Romantique. Poulenc Le Vert Colibri. Chausson La Rose . Faure Infidelite .Hahn Nicolette .Ravel II Zyczenie .Chopin Polish Folk Songs.... Chopin Hulanka Piosnka Litewska Sliczny Chlopiec Koraliki Nad Woda Wielka Paderewski MISS MIESZKOWSKI III Concerto for Violin in D minor Vivaldi Largo Presto Beau Soir The Humming Bird .Debussy ...Drd/a MISS KENNEDY IV Adieu Forets (from Joan of Arc) Tcbaikowski V Sea Shell ...Carl Engel The Heart Worships Gustav Holst Wilbur Isaacs Lullaby The Seal Man Rebecca Clarke Charles Naginski The Pasture Song of the Wind .......David Guion MISS MIESZKOWSKI SUNDAY, JANUARY 8, 1956 - 8:30 P.M. WILKES COLLEGE GYMNASIUM �r --------------------- �- SPONSORS .... Mr. 6 Mrs. M. Abraham Mr. Lawrence Biscontini Dr. 6 Mrs. J. JJ. Bobeck Atty. 6 Mrs. H. J. Bonin Atty. B. Brominski & Enoch Thomas Mrs. T. A. Bartkiewicz Mr. & Mrs. A. M. Cardamon Mrs. William H. Conyngham Mr. & Mrs. Coloros Dr. & Mrs. Albert F. Cooper Dr. & Mrs. Stanley Dombroski Dworczak Funeral Home Miss Annette Evans Miss Jean Evans Mr. & Mrs. J. K. Evans, Sr. Mrs. Eberhart L. Faber Dr. & Mrs. Eugene Farley Gibbons Brewery Foremost Dairies - Woodlawn Division Dr. & Mrs. Vincent D. Gallizzi Dr. & Mrs. C. C. Groblewski Dr. & Mrs. Stephen A. Jonas Mr. & Mrs. Stephen A. Jonas, Jr. Dr. & Mrs. Norman Karmilowicz Dr. & Mrs. E. J. Kielar Mary Klos Beauty Shoppe Mayor & Mrs. Luther M. Kniffen Dr. & Mrs. J. J. Kocyan Miss Mary Koons Mr. & Mrs. A. J. Kopicki Dr. & Mrs. W. J. Kowalski Mr. & Mrs. Walter M. Krajewski Mr. & Mrs. Joseph Lester Dr. & Mrs. Donald B. Lewis Dr. Ed Makowski Mr. & Mrs. E. C. Mazanowski Thomas Bryan Miller Dr. & Mrs. J. F. Morrison Miss Ann R. Mushinski Atty. 6 Mrs. Peter Paul Olszewski Mr. & Mrs. Edward Pawlak Polish American Congress of Northeastern Pennsylvania Polish Women’s Alliance Council No. 4 Dr. G Mrs. P. E. Ring awa Mr. & Mrs. George Ruckno Drs. Joseph S Halina Rushin Mr. G Mrs. William Rushin Judge and Mrs. Paul R. Selecky Sheehan’s Drug Store C. A. Sieminski & Son Mr. & Mrs. Casimir A. Sieminski, Jr. D. W. Snyder Insurance Agency Mr. & Mrs. Narcey Stapinski Dr. & Mrs. Stanley Stapinski Mr. & Mrs. Richard Stefanski Mr. & Mrs. Wilbur Vaughn Atty. & Mrs. Teofil Wadzinski Dr. & Mrs. William Wasnick Mr. & Mrs. Edward Welles .Mr. & Mrs. Theodore Wells Wilkes-Barre City Officials Senator & Mrs. T. Newell Wood Mr. & Mrs. Adam Yankowski Mr. Joseph Zarzecki Mrs. John P. Zaydon Dr. & Mrs. Joseph F. Ziemba Mr. & Mrs. Vincent Znaniecki Mr. & Mrs. Anthony Zuchoski _r, �PATRONS Mr. & Mrs. Joseph F. De Vizia Miss Ceil Adders Mrs. Esther Diamond Mrs. John Alexiou & Miss Mary Alexiou Mrs. Louis Diamond & Mr. Demos Galanos Mr. & Mrs. John Alexiou Mrs. Nikki Diamond Mr. Stephen Ancin Mr. & Mrs. Charles Dobash Mr. & Mrs. Bert Andrews Mr. & Mrs. Anthony S. Dobkowski Dr. & Mrs. Herman Aqua Dr. & Mrs. John Dorris Dr. & Mrs. Robert Babski Mr. Ed Drapiewski Mr. & Mrs. Ralph Balut Dr. & Mrs. John Drapiewski Mr. & Mrs. Peter Baluta Dr. & Mrs. Joseph Drapiewski Dr. & Mrs. Vincent W. Banick Mr. & Mrs. Rudolph Dudeck Mr. & Mrs. Peter F. Bartuska Dr. & Mrs. James Dunn Miss Irene Bavitz Mrs. Kathleen Dudley Dr. & Mrs. William Baurys Atty. & Mrs. Joseph Dutka Dr. & Mrs. Leo Bednark Dr. & Mrs. Edward Dwyer Peter Bednarski Funeral Service Mr. & Mrs. Glen Edwards Mr. & Mrs. Dewey Belles Mr. & Mrs. Arthur Eddy Rev. V. L. Biczysko Mr. & Mrs. J. Edmundowicz Mr. & Mrs. Paul Bieley Mr. & Mrs. Joseph H. Elinsky Dr. & Mrs. John Biernacki A. Judson Evans Mr. & Mrs. Herman Blum Carey Evans Mr. & Mrs. Frank D. Boguszewski, Sr. Mrs. Stanley Evans Mr. & Mrs. Clemence Bohinski Mr. & Mrs. Vai Estock Mr. & Mrs. Joseph C. Borofski Atty. & Mrs. Theodore A. Evans Mr. & Mrs. George Breznay Dr. & Mrs. Leo Filar Dr. & Mrs. William L. Brookus Mr. & Mrs. Frank Falchek Dr. & Mrs. Charles Burns Atty. & Mrs. George Fenner Atty. & Mrs. Nelson Bryan Mr. & Mrs. L. Fierman Mrs. Malcolm Burnside The Honorable & Mrs. Daniel J. Flood Catholic Slovak Women’s Club A Friend of Luzerne County Mr. & Mrs. Frank Fry Mr. John X. Callahan, P.E. Mr. & Mrs. Abram S. Galland Mr. & Mrs. A. J. Cheponis Mr. & Mrs. John Gawat Miss Margaret Cerbara Mr. & Mrs. Walter Gajewski Mr. & Mrs. Petetr Chokola Mr. & Mrs. Alex Gazowski Mr. & Mrs. John Chwalek Mr. & Mrs. Sam Gedrocz Mrs. Charles E. Clift Rev. Roman L. Gizara Miss Margaret R. Conniff Misses Claire Conway 6 Helen Kalwinski Mr. & Mrs. Louis Glowacki Mr. & Mrs. George Guthrie Conyngham Miss Mary Glowacki Mr. & Mrs. John N. Conyngham, III Mr. & Mrs. Eugene Goldstein Misses Ethel & Mary Cooper Mr. & Mrs. Edward Gorka Mr. £> Mrs. Nicolo Cortiglio Mr. <5 Mrs. Joseph L. Grabowski Mr. & Mrs. John Cresko Mr. & Mrs. Tony Grant Mrs. F. G. Darte Mr. 6 Mrs. Sheldon Greenbaum Mary M. Daugherty Dr. & Mrs. Ralph B. Gregory The Decor Mr. & Mrs. Anthony Gribb Mr. & Mrs. Chester B. Derr Miss Ann Gmur & Mrs. Josephine Dalkiewicz Dr. & Mrs. J. C. De Santo Mr. & Mrs. Paul Griesmer Dr. 6 Mrs. Raymond Detz Dr. & Mrs. Ben G. Groblewski PATRONS.... Dr. & Mrs. Anthony E. Groblewski Dr. & Mrs. John D. Groblewski Mr. & Mrs. Norman Groblewski Mr. Joseph Grochowski Miss Anne Grosek Mr. & Mrs. Stanley Gross Mr. & Mrs. Joseph Grzymski Dr. & Mrs. Joseph T. Guzek Mr. & Mrs. Joseph Hanish Mr. 6 Mrs. Julius Haebick Mr. & Mrs. Edward H. Halicki Miss Regina Hanns Atty. & Mrs. James Harris, Jr. Miss Margaret Hart Mr. & Mrs. Stefan Hellersperk Mrs. Sophie & Miss Josephine Hmielefski Mr. & Mrs. Ed Henry Hessler Laundry & Dry Cleaning Co. Mr. & Mrs. T. M. B. Hicks Mr. & Mrs. Edward L. Hill Dr. & Mrs. Emil Howanitz Atty. 5 Mrs. Michael Hudacek Dr. & Mrs. S. L. Hudacek Mr. & Mrs. C. F. Jacoby Mr. 6 Mrs. Zigmund Jakulczyk Dr. & Mrs. Edmund Janosczyk Mr. & Mrs. Bruce Janoski Mr. & Mrs. Gus Janoski Mr. & Mrs. Joseph Janowski Mr. & Mrs. Joseph R. Janowski Miss Eleanor Janus Dr. & Mrs. L. E. Jordan Atty. & Mrs. Peter Kanjorski Mr. & Mrs. Joseph Kasenchak Mr. & Mrs. Al Kasper Miss Rebecca Kelley Mr. & Mrs. Joseph Kelly Mr. & Mrs. Chester Kempinski Atty. & Mrs. A. C. F. Kenowski Mayor & Mrs. Frank Kielar Dr. & Mrs. Albert Klem Mrs. Catherine Klosowski Dr. & Mrs. Alois Knoll Mr. & Mrs. George H. Kocyan Dr. 6 Mrs. Max Konecke Mr. & Mrs. Daniel Kopicki Mr. & Mrs. Robert Kopicki Mr. & Mrs. Frank E. Koshinski Mr. & Mrs. Frank Kowalski Mr. & Mrs. Zigmund Kowalski Dr. & Mrs. Walter Kozik Rev. Anthony Kozlowski Dr. o Mrs. D. S. Krajeski Mrs. Alexander Krajewski Mr. & Mrs. Alex Kresge Mr. 6 Mrs. T. A. Krzywicki Dr. & Mrs. Walter Kuc Dr. & Mrs. Edward Kulczycki Mr. &Mrs. John Kuskiewicz Mr. S» Mrs. William Labinski Mr. 6 Mrs. Alfred La Vie Mr. & Mrs. Matthew Lesko Mrs. Marie T. Lesniak Rev. A. G. Lewandowski Mr. & Mrs. Joseph Leventhal Miss Connie Lizdas Mr. & Mrs. John Loughlin Dr. & Mrs. J. L. Luchi Atty. 6 Mrs. Thomas Mack Mr. & Mrs. William Mattern Mr. & Mrs. Elwood May Dr. Peter Mayock Mr. & Mrs. Stanley Malinowski Mr. & Mrs. Ronald T. McHugh Dr. 6 Mrs. J. O. MacLean Mr. & Mrs. Ronald T. McHugh Mi-Lady Shoppe Mr. & Mrs. Leo Milanoski Dr. & Mrs. B. J. Mileski Mr. Joseph Mirmak Mr. & Mrs. John Molitoris Moran’s Pharmacy Mrs. Ed Morgan & Miss Celia Wlodarczyk Mr. & Mrs. John V. Morris Mr. & Mrs. Joseph Mosier Mr. 5 Mrs. Edmund Muskas Mr. & Mrs. Edward Myefski Mr. & Mrs. Frank Nadwodney Nanticoke Park Floral Mr. & Mrs. Abram Nesbitt, II Miss Victoria Nitch Mr. & Mrs. Edward A. Nork Miss Eileen Novak Mr. & Mrs. Edmund H. Nowicki Dr. 6 Mrs. Thaddeus S. Nowinski Mr. Clem O’Jevich - Clemar Distributors Mr. & Mrs. Joseph O’Karma Mr. 5 Mrs. Joseph S. Olszewski �PATRONS.... O’Malia Laundry F. A. O’Neill Motors Atty. 6 Mrs. Daniel Ormanowski Misses Elizabeth £» June Owens Paderewski University Club Mr. 6 Mrs. Dominic Pajaujis Dr. & Mrs. F. S. Peters Pi Beta Gamma of Wyoming Valley Dr. & Mrs. Joseph W. Piekarski Mrs. Victoria Pietkiewicz Mr. & Mrs. Frank Piskorski Mr. & Mrs. Ignatius Pitz Mr. & Mrs. Joseph Piszczek Mr. & Mrs. Stephen Poleski Dr. & Mrs. Peter Posatko Polish Women's Alliance. Group 326 Mr. & Mrs. Frank Puzniewski Rep. James B. Post, Jr. Mr. & Mrs. Frank Rablinski Dr. Peter Ravin Mr. & Mrs. Anthony Recupero Albert Rees, Jr. Dr. & Mrs. Charles Reif Miss Sophie Reszczynski Reymont Club of Wyoming Valley Mrs. Ruth Turn Reynolds Mrs. Constance Reynolds Civic Dance Center Mr. & Mrs. George Richards Mr. & Mrs. Anthony Riofski Mr. & Mrs. Franklin Robinson Misses Sophie Rokosz 6 Johanna Nejfeldt Dr. 6 Mrs. S. Rynkiewicz Mr. & Mrs. Andrew Rushin Miss Anne Rushin & Mr. Al Rushin Mr. & Mrs. Stanley Rushin Mrs. W. Rulka 6 Miss Celina Gorski Mr. & Mrs. J. B. Rutkowski Mr. & Mrs. Earl Ryne Mr. & Mrs. William Samuel Mr. & Mrs. Ralph Sardi Mr. & Mrs. Clem Schwartz Atty. & Mrs. Leon Schwartz Dr. & Mrs. A. J. Scott Mr. 6 Mrs. Alex Selecki Mr. £> Mrs. Lester Sharkoski Dr. & Mrs. J. F. Shedlowski Mr. £> Mrs. John Shivell Miss Eleanor Shipkowski Mr. & Mrs. Joseph Skuzinski Mr. 6 Mrs. Edward Slumovitz Misses Lucia & Claire Smith Miss Stella Smith Mr. & Mrs. John Snopkowski Mr. & Mrs. Michael G. Solomon Dr. 6 Mrs. Barney A. Stegura Mrs. Paul Sterling Mrs. Anna Steve Mr. & Mrs. Frank Strojny Mr. & Mrs. Emil J. Suda Mr. & Mrs. Alfred Sujdak Mr. & Mrs. Theodore Swantko Dr. & Mrs. K. Symmons Rev. St. Szufladowicz Mrs. John J. Tama Mr. & Mrs. Thaddeus Tarnowski Dr. && Mrs. Raymond B. Terkoski Miss Louise Thomas Mr. & Mrs. Stephen Tkach Mr. & Mrs. Frank Tracey Miss Theodosia Trotzski Miss Casimira Tyburski Dr. & Mrs. Daniel Urbanas Mr. & Mrs. Chester Urbanski Mrs. Emelia J. Varhely Dr. & Mrs. Stanko Vujica Mr. & Mrs. Edward Warakomski Mr. & Mrs. Frank J. Wadzinski Atty. & Mrs. Anthony W. Wallace Mr. & Mrs. William Wasilewski Mr. & Mrs. Al Wasley Mrs. Anne Wateski Mrs. Louise Wayre Mr. & Mrs. Alexander J. Wazeter Mr. & Mrs. Leon F. Wazeter, Jr. Mr. & Mrs. Michael L. Weiss Mrs. Joseph Wempa, Miss Amelia Ros Mr Jon Weyhenmayer Wilkes-Barre Ballet Theatre Mr. 6 Mrs. John Wojcik Miss Nell Wojnarski Miss Delphine Wysocki Miss Sabyne Yablonowski Dr. & Mrs. Norman J. Yatko Atty. George Yavorek Dr. & Mrs. Henry Yavorek Z. N. P., Gmina No. 13, Wilkes-Barre Dr. & Mrs. Herman C. Zeopke Mr. & Mrs. Dennis Zevney Mrs. Donna Zogg Mr. & Mrs. L. W. S. 2ychlinski Mr. 6 Mrs. J. A. Grontkowski Compliments of Compliments of O'KARMA MOTORS FORD DEALER GEM FURNITURE, INC § Phone — 1643 NANTICOKE, PA. 450 West Main St. Nanticoke, Pa. Compliments of Compliments of YURKO The Diamond King 52 South Main Street FLORIST FLOWERS FOR ALL OCCASIONS Cut Flowers — Potted Plants WILKES-BARRE, PA. Phone VA 4-5704 75 East Main Street NANTICOKE, PA. 67 North Main St. Wilkes-Barre, Pa. �PROGRAM C E PART II. PART I. Overture - Orchestra - In the market place of Krakow to sell their wares, are eagerly pljJng the“r gJods Conductor Fr. Gregorcewicz Introduction Nocturne order. Now the ‘Lajkonik” arrives putting ever™™ £P Thf gUard is called to restore dance merrily and the rest join them. Mr Twardow^^ m°Od' The children has become widely known as a sorcerer, now entelsE™.-™ °’ W lh the aid of the Devil. he will perform some miracles. He affects some mir yone &athers around him hoping magic with the help of the Devil. Everyone reTolc^ Mr^ a,nd Performs some her now young husband, advances coyly honing tn L™ Twardowski, not recognizing great merriment of all. She is highly incensed fnd n™Pn He rebuffs her, to the of magic, Mr. Twardowski and the Devil cause kS °f/’ a parting work uncontrollably onto their own amusement. everything and everyone to dance Music by Fr. Chopins Chris Dauble - Inia Garbiel - Barbara Gregg - Fr. Fr. Yezer j". The Vagabond Music by G. Auric Yurek Lazowski ..... Music by J. Ulenski Kujawiak G. Gusarzewski - Fr. Kurdziel - Ch. Dauble - O. Sorokowski - H. Gusarzewski Pan Twardowski Devil Hawkers Music by J. Strauss Two Maids Anna Zgorski Pantomimic Interpretation Narrator Z. Karpinski Inia Garbiel - Yurek Lazowski - A Szczepanski Kujawiak ..................................................................... Music H. Wieniawski Virginia Giaramita - K. Barta - R. Ossorio - H. Leyton - B. Johansen Music Osmanski Oberek O. Sorokowski - G. Gusarzewski - Fr. Kurdziel - Ch. Dauble - H. Gusarzewski “Oy-Ra” Old Warsaw - H. Nowicki ” - -— —------ - Edward Anczo ----- ~--- -------- Yurek Lazowski Wojciechowska, V. Szymankiewicz, „ , , V. Wisniewski, L. Tabor Huckstresses Helen Golebiowska, H. Rysinka, H. Dauble, S. Kurtyka, G. Cummiskey, H. Fidurski, A Pietrucha Guard Apolinary B. Szczepanski Woman with Toothache • Danuta Magryta “Lajkonik” .. — George Wheeler Turks . Alex. Olechny, Joe Rosen, Fred Bialas, Joseph Yurok Krakowiak J. Kurtyka, J. Cummisky, E. Fidurski, A. Wojciechowska, D. Golebieski, J. Banach, Steven Dauble, Alex Swiderski Mountaineers .. T. Golebieski, J. Resinski, D. Matlewski, C. Smurzynski, R. Ossorio, Z. Szczepanski, F. Yezer, K. Barta Solo Virginia Giaramita, Inia Garbiel, , Frank Yezer, Karl Barta Hawkers Mazurek A. Anczo, Z. Wojciechowski, V. Szymankiewicz, V. Wisnieski, L. Tabor, A. Szczepanski, Alex Olechny, J. Rozen, F. Bialas, J. Yurok Noblemen (Group) .......................... O. Newman, R. Hoffmann, J. Devlin Cripple ---------------------------------- ---- — Roger Pietrucha Czardasz ----------- ------------ ---- Christina Dauble, Barbara Gregg, M. Leyton Gypsies . E. Gusarzewski, H. Gusarzewska, O. Sorokowska, Fr. Kurdziel Lucille Herrel - Market Place in Krakow and viUagers who have come nw^r ^e y^aUSing a disturbance withher violentS‘n?Va^°WSki arrives on the scene Z. Karpinski ... (continued) Tableau II Music - Popular Barbara Gregg - Yurek Lazowski - Anna Zgorski - Walter Nowicki Program subject to change INTERMISSION PART II. > ? j Music by LUDOMIR ROZYCKI Orchestration DIMITRI ORLOV FR. GREGORCEWICZ Tableau I The Workshop of Mr. Twardowski The famous alchemist Mr. Twardowski, with his faithful servant, Maciek, has spent years, trying to discover the secret of turning other metals to gold. His countless experi­ ments and many failures have led to financial ruin. His creditors enter demanding pay­ ment. Maciek, helpless to keep them out, calls Mrs. Twardowski, whose strength, only matched by her temper, gets rid of them. Despairing, he finds a book on witchcraft, and casts a spell. The Devil having observed Twardowski for years immediately presents himself, to Twardowski's horror. The Devil offers him gold and youth which Twardowski eventually accepts at the price of his soul. The Devil then takes Twardowski on a fantastic journey. Pan Twardowski Edward Anczo Devil ................................................................ ................ Yurek Lazowski Mrs. Twardowski ......................... Anna Anczo Maciek (Servant) George Wheeler Creditors Karol Barta, Alexander Olechny, Bob Ossorio Small Devils ....... Steven Dauble, Alexander Swiderski § § § § § § § § § § § § § § § The King’s Chamber at Wawel In despair after the death of the Queen, King Sigismund-August awaits the arrival of Pan Twardowski. The monarch has heard of the extraordinary, magic powers of this great master, and has summoned him in the hope that he may be able to recall from the other world the ghost of his beloved Queen, Barbara. On his arrival, accompanied by the Devil, Twardowski agrees to satisfy the King’s wishes. After some conjuration, the supposed ghost of the Queen appears among the clouds of blue smoke. As the King approaches it, the vision instantly vanishes. Deeply shaken, Sigismund-August faints. The King Sigismund Ziemowit Karpinski Barbara, His Wife Barbara Gregg Chamberlain Alex. Wojciechowski Pageboys A. Swiderski, S. Dauble, Alex Olechny, R. Pietrucha Pan Twardowski Edward Anczo nevi] Yurek Lazowski Noblemen"‘Z.’ZlZZZ2— Golebiewski, Kurtyka Choreography YUREK LAZOWSKI Scenic Planning MILOS DOBROSLAVIC Costumes INIA GABRIEL PROLOGUE • i Tableau III “PAN TWARDOWSKI” Polish National Ballet Pantomime § Tableau IV "ROME” - The Devil’s Tavern In order to have his bond on Pan Twardowski’s soul finally become effective, the Devil decides to use a trick. He brings Pan Twardowski into a roadside tavern, named Rome, and built by him for this 3Pecific Purpose transformed into human belngs. One of them, a^alhndng^ljeauty, bewitches Pan Twardowski, on the Devil’s order. �PART II. (continued) While this is taking place, the Devil brings on a great storm. In the brightness of sudden lightning, the bond appears before Twardowski’s eyes with the name “Rome" clearly visible on it, as well as on the door of the tavern. Deathly afraid of the con­ sequences of his great sin, Twardowski makes the sign of the cross, turning to the Mercy of God for help. At this instant all the Devils dispurse and the whole tavern disappears. Pan Twardowski ... Edward Anczo Devil , Yurek Lazowski Inn Keeper ................................... Zbigniew Szczepanski His Helpers ....................... Anna Zgorska, Lucille Herrel Oberek ................... E. Gusarzewska, H. Gusarzewska, O. Sorokowska, F. Kurdziel, Chris. Dauble, B. Johansen, Jay Devlin, O. Newman, H. Muller, R. Hoffman Solo ..................... V. Giramita, I. Garbiel, F. Yezer, G. Wheeler Krakowiak ....... . T. Golebieska, J. Resinski, D. Matlawski, C. Smurzynski, Al. Olechny, B. Ossorio, R. Pietrucha, J. Rosen, V. Wisnieski, V. Szymankiewicz, L. Tabor, A. Anczo, Yurek Lazowski Devil’s Helper — .............................. Barbara Gregg Cossacks _. F. Yezer, M. Leyton, K. Barta, B. Johansen Tableau V Apotheosis From the distance is heard a song to the Holy Virgin. The Devil is still seeking a way to possess Twardowski’s soul. However, the religious song deprives him of his diabolical power, and he disappears raving in his madness. In this awesome moment Pan Twardowski is making an account of his life. He returns in his thoughts to the days of childhood and truly repents for his grave sins. Compliments of DOMOCO GAS & OIL CO DISTRIBUTOR RICHFIELD PETROLEUM PRODUCTS John J. Dougherty, Prop. Phone VA 3-7159 674 Carey Avenue NATIONAL BANK Wilkes-Barre NANTICOKE, PA. “Stop At The Richfield Sign” Whole cast of POLISH DANCE THEATRE Compliments of 16 Public Square WILKES-BARRE, PA. JOSEPH D, SHEDLARSKI COMPLIMENTS OF and SON CONTRACTOR JOHN B. STETZ Builder of Low Cost Homes Men's Clothing Repairing and Remodeling Phone BUtler 71857 - 7-8908 WILKES-BARRE, PA. 67 Durkee Street Forty Fort, Pa. NORTHEASTERN PENNSYLVANIA’S LEADING AND MOST EXCLUSIVE FURRIER �Compliments of TADEUSZ A. KRZYWICKI & SON NOTARY PUBLIC - AFFIDAVITS § Assistance to bring displaced persons from Europe and Poland Liquor, Beer and All Kinds of Surety Bonds — General Fire Insurance Home and Business Properties to Sell, Rent, Buy Cash or Terms See Us before buying or selling VA 3-3991 or VA 2-5696 1 Office: 28 E. Division St BOOKS OF POETRY by — VICTORIA JANDA Wilkes-Barre, Pa. STAR HUNGER — 1942, 1943, 1948, 1952 Compliments of WALLS OF SPACE - 1945 Compliments of . . . SINGING FURROWS - 1953 Shady Side Dairy DALLAS, PA. BEST WISHES FOR SUCCESS WILLIAM SAMUEL PUBLISHED BY POLANIE, 2347 NE Arthur, Minneapolis, Minn. Republican Candidate Keystone Specialty Co. Wholesale Tobacco 6 Confections BEST WISHES from POLANSE FOR REPRESENTATIVE CLUB Minneapolis and St. Paul, Minnesota Frank Kowalski, Prop. Phone 1094 Fourth Legislative District Publishers of: TREASURED POLISH RECIPES for Americans Nanticoke, Pa. TREASURED POLISH SONGS with English Translations IF A BRANCH BLOSSOMS, stories about Polish People, by Monica Krawczyk. Album of POLISH CHRISTMAS CAROLS. Compliments of . . . Triangle Cleaners, Inc. MOUNTAINTOP, PA. Nanticoke 758 GRanite 4-6075 Best Wishes Album of EIGHT LULLABIES. Album of ART SONGS AND BALLADS. STAR HUNGER, WALLS OF SPACE, SINGING FURROWS, books of poetry by Victoria Janda. HYMN TO POLAND, sheet music, solo and choral arrangement of Chopin Melody by Mateusz Glinski. PIOTRUSZEK, How Little Peter Got Into Heaven, a Polish Legend, translated by Sister M. Salome, O.S.F. J. A. Grontkowski & Son FUNERAL DIRECTOR 57 West Green St. Nanticoke, Pa. & �lock o \\ ►? /4. 'D t o vui;«o k? VJ y o, C Compliments of Best Wishes F. L Knorek Agency Insurance — Notary Public Phone — 2067-J 50 Hanover Street Nanticoke, Pa. Best Wishes § J. K. Evans — Florist Phone — 233 23 East Green St. Nanticoke, Pa. SUPER ENRICHED Peoples Bank of Nanticoke The Friendly Bank On the Corner Vaughan's Bread Broadway and Main Streets BERWICK, PA. NANTICOKE, PA. Compliments of Compliments of John J, Klocko “THE MONUMENT MAN” > § Huntington Dairy, Inc Wyoming, Pa. 170 Wyoming Avenue Best Wishes A. S. Dobkowski Compliments of General Insurance Realtor * Appraiser Phone — 1118 200 East Green St. Nanticoke, Pa. A Friend �THE YUREK LA'" ■ POLISH DANCE Fesiival of Req ; AND THE EXCEL. <’•: ■ pan twarn:-- ■ ------ sponsored by - The Wilkes College Polish ■■- r-- SATURDAY, All'll. THEM TEMPLE, N. Frankl’i? 8:30 P. M. SP0N-JCT1 , ' • • • ���f INVENTION HEREAUG.4-9 July .EADER, THE EVENING NEWS, WILKES Polish Arts Club To Convene Here Polish Cultural Group To Meet At Wilkes Professor Wienczyslaw J. Wag­ ner, above, national president of the American Council of Polish Cultural Clubs, will preside at the 1959 ACPCC convention to be held at Wilkes College August 4-9. Host club of the conven­ tion will be the Women's Com­ mittee for the Polish Room of Wilkes College. Poland’s millenlum program. which will start in 1960 and run through 1966, will be initiated at this convention. Delegates from 23 arls and cultural clubs rep­ resenting almost every .State of the union will participate in the exhibit of Polish Arts to be dis­ played In Stark Hall throughout the five-day conclave. Associate professor at the Notre Dame Law School, Dr. Wagner received his LL. M. from the University of Warsaw and his doctor of laws from the Uni­ versity of Paris. In 1953, he com­ pleted four years of study at Northwestern University, and was awarded a J. D. in 1950 and a LL. M. in 1953. He has also studied at the Institute of Air Law in Warsaw, at the Institute of Commercial Sciences S'. Brun. from where he hold a diploma in commercial sciences, and the Academy of International Law at the Hague. During World War II, Profes­ sor Wagner was an active mem­ ber of the Polish government secret agencies inside Poland and was graduated from a secret mil­ itary school and served as an of­ ficer in the undergroqnd army during the Warsaw insurrection against the German Army In 1944. At the present. Professor Wag-1 iner makes his home in South I Bend, Indian*, with his wife and I t i.< <-■<-* ' II Joseph Lester, general chair­ —Photo by Ace Hoffman Studios man of the American Council of Polish Cultural Clubs Conven­ vention will be held in Stark tion and Mrs. Joseph J. Kocyan, Hall and Parrish Hall, Wilkespresident of the Women's Com­ College and registration will be mittee for the Polish Room of held in the Polish Room of Par­ Wilkes College, are shown re­ rish Hall. Visiting delegates viewing sample sketches for the will be housed in the dormitories cover of the convention program. of Wilkes College. The 1959 Convention of the The American Council of ACPCC will be held at Wilkes Polish Cultural Clubs functions College from August 4 through as a national representation of August 9. Delegates from 23 local Polish-American cultural arts and cultural clubs through­ groups, which often use the out United States are expected name of "Arts Clubs” and of which the oldest is the Polish to attend the 5-day meeting. Business sessions of the. can-lArts Club of Chicago. Mrs. V. Znaniecki ' Co-Chairman ACPCC CONVENTION �olish Cultural Clubs to Rational Session Here Tuesday Prof Zbigniew Folejewskl, ln-i _ _________ ■ . ' ~ . parrish Parrish Hall, Sou South River St, nationally, recognized author­ Wilkes-Barre. A reception will ton Russian and Polish literafollow from 6 to 8 P.M. The Women’s Committee for the ire and linguistics, will be the Polish Room of Wilkes College eynote speaker at'the annual will, act as host club. invention of the American General and business Sessions Council of Polish Cultural Clubs of the convention will be held in o be held at Wilkes College Stark Hall and Parish Hall, Tuesday through Sunday; His ad­ Wilkes College. The visiting dress will be “Polish Literature delegates Will be housed ■ in the and World Literature, 960 A.D. college dormitories. to 1960 A.D.” Delegates from the following The keynote session will -be Polish Cultural Clubs .will, be held in Stark Hall on Thursday represented at the » jnight at &30. Friends of Polish Culti ^ “J“, EVENING I Professor Folejewskl of the Polish Arts University of Wisconsin resigned Friends of Polish 'his position there to accept a Paderewski Arts C> professorship of Slavic Lan­ Angeles; Polish Arts" -American guages and Literature at the cagO; P o 1 a n k i, 1 IJniversity of Pennsylvania, __ ___Club, __ ,___ Polanie Inc.,, M 0B Philadelphia. He first came to prof ZBIGNIEW FOLEJEWSKI St Paul; Paderewski < Wisconsin from Sweden-where -•igan —; . City; Polish n-o-u i>■ he was “Docent” at the Royal ]holm and is a recent president of■’ Newark; Mickiewicz , Swedish University in Uppsala-1the American Association of Society, New York; 1 His course on Polish literature ;Slavicists and acting president of League, Pittsburgh; given at Wisconsin this past ithe North American Committee University Club, Sera, year was considered the largest:for Co-Operation with Polish Arts Group, Rochest course of its kind in the world Universities. Arts Club, Seattle; <; outside of Poland. He will join Color Slides of "Polish Art Arts Club, South ® i the. faculty of the University of Treasures” will be shown at the Arts League, Syrac Pennsylvania in the Fall. keynote session by Alexander Arts Club, Youi Professor Folejewski has been Janta, executive director of the Sarmatia Universal, I appointed to the editorial com­ Educational Paderewski Founda­ Polanise Arts Club, mittee of the Modem Language tion, New York. Guest soloist Club Polanaise, Pas Association of America for a will be Miss Rose Plutnicki from polish' Students’ Clu’ and Reymont Societj term beginning July 1, and end­ Pittsburgh. ing ;June 30, ‘1964. As a member Thursday afternoon, from 3 to College, Cambridge] of the editorial committee, he: 6 P.M., delegates and guests will Throughout the i will be responsible for papers in; participate in^ a ‘‘Mushroom clave an exhibit of i thetSJavic-field as well as in the: Hunt” at the Summer residence ings, sculptures, wj fields of comparative literature.. of; Mr. and Mrs. Joseph F. Lester. and maps will be,' Professor Folejewskl has serv­ Registration for the Oonven- Stark Hall, ed as consultant to the’ Swedishi tlon will be held Tuesday,- from Polish food: in Stock-1 Stock-• 2 to. 6 P.M. in the Polish Room, be available Nobel-Prize'} Committee In NEWS, WILKES-BARRE, gA„ WEDNESDAY ,EI Council Of Polish Cultural Clubs Meeting Her / Miur , ■ A - group of delegates and speakers to the' annual conven­I cent Znaniecki, Women’s Com-' got tiShai™^tAlJho£eOSer tion of the American Council of• mittee for the Polish Room of Polish .Cultural Clubs, Inc., is’ Wilkes College, co-chairman of shown above in the. Polish Room: social activities; Dr. Charles SUnl C1^bPrWa2gro°n1,1SD.Cc1 of Parrish Hall, .Wilkes College Allan Baretski, archivist of the following registration, yesterday ACPCC and chairman of the nr«? e3f-K‘ Smialkowski, chief o Production, Radio Free'Eurone afternoon. Some 150 delegates history of the ACPCC commit­ ^ve ^arth‘ are attendingjhe five-day con­ tee, convention speaker; Miss Nell Wojnarski, Polish Room Thti?ad °r Free Europe clave. Thaddeus Slesinski, first^v committee, chairman of social ; j Left.- to rifjht -atfit-Ma. Vin- i activities; Joseph F. Lester, cpn- tPresident of the ACPCC' a convention' sneaker ■ <’ �Y, AUGUST 5,. 1959 V'". Shown are early .registrants for the annual convention of the American Council of Polish Cultural Clubs, Inc., - being held at Wilkes College this* week. Registration was held yes­ terday afternoon and evening in Parrish Hall, Wilkes College, and will continue through this morning. Standing, left to right are: Mrs, Raul Dyslcski, WilkesBarre, and Mrs. Vincent Znanieckl, Nanticoke, Women’s Comjnittee for the Polish Room of Wilkes College; Stanley. K. Smialowski, chief of production, Radio Free Europe; Stephania Gondek, Polish. Arts Club, Chicago; A,; W. Marth, representa­ tive, Radio Free'1 Europe; Thaddeus Siesinski, first vice presi­ dent ACPCC, and Joseph F. Lester, convention chairman/ Seated, left to right are: Nell Wojnarski, social activities chairman,, and Jean' Shofrankoi- public relations assistant. ■' Ah'estimated 150 delegates representing 23 arts and cul- ' • (Photo by. Berthold StudloiX tural clubs through the United States are/expected to completeregistrations at Parrish . Hall thia morning for the'annual convention of the .ACPCC being held at Wilkes College. .'The convention activities officially will open this after­ noon at 2 with an address by Thaddeus Siesinski in Stark Hall.' Welcome remarks will be made by Joseph Lester, Dr. Eugene . S. Farley, president of Wilkes College, and Attorney Peter' P. Olszewski, representing the city of Wilkes-Barre. Members of the host .club,- the Women’s Committee for the Polish Room of Wilkes College, will hold a reception in McClintock Hall'tonight at 8' for the visiting delegates and guests. ■ Throughout tl}e five-day conclave an exhibit of Polish paintings, sculptures, wood carvings and maps will be displayed in Parrish Hall. In addition a wide array of Polish foods-and ' candy also, will be .’available. �lURSDAY, AUGUST 6, 1959 Pictured are delegates and guests at the convention recep­ tion held in McClintock Hall, Wilkes College. Left to right at the table are; Mrs. Joseph Lester, Kingston; Mary Jane Soko- lowski Gustafson, Minneapolis; Mrs. Richard Laska, St. Paul; Mrs. Helene Orze, Youngstown, O.; Mr. and Mrs. Fryderyk T. Janda, Minneapolis; Ldona Lorenz, Newark, N. J.; Edward Stronski, Buffalo: Mrs. Arthur Grosek, Plains; Frances Fitz- gerald, Throop;. Lillian Dem­ binski, Scranton; and Mrs. Ed­ ward. Nork, Nanticoke. Host Club of the affair was the Women’s Committee .for the Polish Room of -Wilkes College. POLISH MUSHROOM HUNT was one of the main events on the “social” calendar at the American Council of Polish Cultural Clubs conclave held in Wilkes-Barre, Pa. The “mushroom hunt” was held at the summer resi­ dence of Mr. and Mrs. Joseph Lester in the Pocono Mountains. .. 4Lfter the “hunt” traditional Polish foods were served which included Bigos (Hunter’s Stew); Kielbasa, Imported Polish Ham, and various Polish relishes. Pictured is part of the 300 crowd that participated in hunting for mushrooms, an old Polish custom. Wilkes College was the host of ACPCC.. �f, AUGUST'. 1959 — Managing Editor Polish Cultural Kfeeting !■- Pictures of Polish Treasures Will Be Shown Here Aug. 6 f With Poland in the limelight be­ Alexander J anta, executive di-----' ' cause of the official visit of Vice .rector of the educational PadVefess To Appear At erewski Foundation, New York, President Nixon, the convention of present color transparencies . American Council of Polish S Cultural ■_ will of the Polish royal treasures at 3f Polish Cultural Clubs* Council Clubs, opening in Wilkes College this the keynote session of the an­ nual convention of the American . afternoon, takes on national and even Mrs... Victoria ifahda,. poetess. of Polish Cultural Clubi international significance. It is a most . Council ill discuss "Our Heritage,” at on Thursday, Aug. 6, in Stark ie dinner-dance celebration of happy coincidence for Wilkes-Barre be­ . Hall, Wilkes College. 16 American.:Council of Polish The Polish Royal Treasures cause of the added interest in the' ses­ ultural Clubs to‘.be . held at Chest was established in 1957 ptel'Sterling, Saturday. ’August sions which will continue until Sunday. under the auspices of the Pader­ at 6:30 p. m. The event is -II ewski Foundation with the aim irfof the week-long activities Poland has a rich cultural backy<.-< < of financing the preparation and • the ACPCC Convention to be W-" u ground and has produced scores of ild at Wilkes College, August u? 51 internationally known figures in the M : al .treasures Mrs. Janda is the author of centuries. It is the M oa arts through- the......... in Canada. iree- books of poetry:. Star ; aqi 3 purpose of affiliated clubs, of which the unger, now in its fourth printNot Fully Displayed g; Walls of Space, 1945'which The unique nation i 0051 Women’s Committee of the Polish t is included in the "Great Conevacuated from qsqo Room of Wilkes College is one, toy tion, mporary. Poetry” program at Castle in Cracow at the --o— e» University of Minnesota and ALEXANDER JANTA I qstfo preserve this heritage. The Council/ ning'of the second World War, oadcast to.the music of Sibel_ coordinates ____________these efforts: ~ . has been stored in Canada since" jfrom Poland at the outbreak'of > Second Symphony; arid Sirigsap* itself ~™ , 1940. In addition to the royal World War 2. . This tapestry is c Furrows, which won the I SW2v __ ___£ In the preamble to the Council’s" insignia, among them the coro- part of/the biblical set made in JPCC. Norwid Award, in 1953 - — nation sword, the collection con­ Brussels for Wawel Castle . in d later was nominated for the I constitution, there is this tbrief outline tains tapestries from the 15th ,Cracow/ on the occasion ,of/the ilitzer Prize in Poetry by ’Colof its role in American lifer " ’V ‘; ■ and 16th centuries, rare suits of wedding of the Polish’ King ibia University. aq 1 armor, and arms and other ob­ Sigismund Augustus toi Cather­ decorations awarded Mrs. JanStn “To perpetuate and develop the include the Gold Cross. Polish jects of historical importance ine of Austria in 1553. / ational 'Alliance;’ the Norwid * culture, created by our forefathers;’^ to ; and artistic value. . These are The tapestry,. entitled 1 "Hie ward, ACPCC; First Award, known to but few art experts Flood,” is considered one ofrtjhe . encourage higher education and scholari.ague Minnesota’Poets’; Coper­ and historians., - as they have most ' cherished possessions of can' Award,. Kosciuszko FounMRS. VICTORIA JANDA A6* ship Among people of Polish descent;. never been fully displayed in 'the Polish nation, a prized1, ob­ ition; Membership Award, Del­ the West ject in the collection^willeA'in phi Lambda, Honorary Writ­ Plymouth, uieauwi. auu uiuu; di­ to foster in Americans of Polish descent Ancient Polish chronicles and '1571 by the king, a great patron s' Society, University of Minne­ rector for ' St. Mary’s, Nativity I u’ a-consciousness and pride of their.own documents of historical, literary ,of the arts, to his people, ij ota; - Second National Prize, Church in Plymouth.; religious importance have poet’s Study Club,.Terra Haute, . Other convention activities fl heritage; to enrich the forming pattern I or been added to the rescued col..Indiana, • -. scheduled for Saturday. August fl of America’s great culture, by weaving 1 lection along with the world’s I . . ,Mrs. Janda is -a member of 8, include: a /panel discussion largest treasure, of autograph ' 'A. into J it the best from Polish sources manyiwriting societies and is the at 10 a. m. featuring Dr. Arthur manuscripts, of Chopin. 1 .founder of Poetry Day for the P. Coleman, president, Alliance ? of inspiration, and of accomplishriierit, ' musical Color transparencies to) he Minnesota Alumnae Club, Min­ College, and Dr. Konstahtyn Sym=* we associate ourselves together. ' , shown by Janta represent choice nesota • University. Her poetry mons, . Sociology Department has appeared in twelve national chairman, Wilkes College; "Pol­ ■< items of the collection from ;the ; I ; . . The Council maintains a clearing photographs ;’ of Yousuf Karsh, < Anthologies and < her poems, ish American ’ Art Show,”- at 2 short stories, and essays have p. m. with Richard B. Rutkowski) master-photographer of Canada. “ house for the interchange of infor­ ■been published in over 30 per­ of Forty, Fort, and :a ’ Youth; One of the, tapestries included in 1 mation arid ideas, pertaining to the < the iodicals throughout the country. Workshop, "All for You th”.un­ collection was 'evacuated i In 1956 she received the Leo­ der the, direction of Miss Martha promotion of Polish culture in America. nora Clawson. Stryker Award for Gill, national chairman of the ’ poetry from the League of Min­ ACPCC Youth Committee, assistIt suggests cultural activities, and nesota Poets. ted by Henry Dende, edijor.-and j provides guidance to clubs for the ful­ - Guest, soloist' at .the ACPCC publisher of.the Polish-American dinner-dance will be Mrs. Pris­ Journal, Scranton, and Attorney fillment of their objectives. It encour­ cilla Pawlak Hopkins, soprano, Anthony B. Panaway, lectured in ages the formation of new clubs. It from 143 Lyndwood avenue, Iona economics and business law at Place, Wilkes-Barre. Her ac- King’s College. The riibrning fend co-operates with other organizations .. coihpanist will be .Mrs. Joseph afternoon' activities will be held and maintains CUJU U1UU1UUUS ULUOC close LUUlCLLia contacts with WXV11 the Ulu . Bolesta,-329 West Main street. in; Stark Hall, Wilkes. College. E <5 creative forces of contemporary Polish m 1?f« 'Tha cultural life. The bnnnml Council’’se TTrinninal principal ’ ’—5---- yritative and inspiration. W i I® ��SUNDAY INDEPENDE] Vincent Znaniecki, chairman, and Mrs. Stefan Hellersperk, cochairman, met with members of the Polish Room Committee of Wilkes College, to discuss final plans for the “Festival, of Leaves” program to be held at the Wilkes College Gymnasium Monday, Oct. 5, from 6 to 9 p.m. The meeting was held at the home of Mrs. Vincent Znaniecki, Nanticoke. Assisting with arrangements are: left to right, seated, Mrs. Michael Weiss, Mrs. Jo­ seph Lester, Mrs. Charles Leonard and Mrs. Richard Stefanski. Standing, Mrs. John Drapiewski, Mrs. Clem Schwartz and Mrs. Helen Mosier. The Polish Room of Wilkesibasis by an Art Committee, and partment. There will be a contiuous performance of dancers College has invited the public tola token award will be made. j celebrate the Indian Summer Mrs. Joseph Rushin will be in representing many nationalities. charge of the foyer, which will Miss Mary Koons, tea chair­ ■Festival. i There will be 19 international be transformed into a cafe- man, appointed the following tables, having as a focal point, styled street, an dfeaturing a hostess to pour: Mrs. John centerpieces symbolic of native Warsaw coffee house. Polish­ Chwalek, Mrs. Anthony Grosek, theme backgrounds. Welcoming type hot coffee, served with Mrs. Lottie Drapiewski, Mrs. gutsts will be hostesses in na­ whipped cream in tall glasses Henry Horbaczewski, Mrs. Jo­ tive costume. They will serve will be available, as will trays seph Lester, Mrs. Alex Seleski exotic food from trays and plat­ of flavored “babkas” flown in and Mrs. Richard Stefanski ters. A committee of judgs will from New York especially' for Mrs. Anita Janerich was e ed publicity chairman, and festival. appraise the tables before they theDuring the evening music ofj Louis Gawat. Mrs. Helen are open to the public. Tables all nations will be played byj and Mrs. Frank Peters will be judged on an artistic the Wilkes College Music De-! named cochairmen. �SUNDAY Ifl Mrs. Vincent Znaniecki, chairman, Mrs. Stefan Hellersperk, cochairman, with members of the Polish Room Committee of Wilkes College, to discuss final plans for the ’‘Festival of Leaves” program to be held at the Wilkes College Gymnasium Monday, Oct. 5, from 6 to 9 p.m. The meeting was Assisting with arrangements are: left to right, seated, Mrs. Michael Weiss, Mrs. Jo­ seph Lester, Mrs. Charles Leonard and Mrs. Richard Stefanski. Standing, Mrs. John Drapiewski, Mrs. Clem Schwartz and Mrs. Helen 'Mosier. The Polish Room of Wilkes basis by an Art Committee, andiipartment. There will be a conCollege has invited the public to a token award will be made. I tiuous performance of dancers !celebrate the Indian Summer Mrs. Joseph Rushin will be ini[representing many nationalities. [Festival. charge of the foyer, which will[j Miss Mary Koons, tea chair­ There will be 19 international be transformed into a cafe- man, appointed the following tables, having as a focal point, styled street, an dfeaturing a hostess to pour: Mrs. John centerpieces symbolic of native Warsaw coffee house. Polish­ Chwalek, Mrs. Anthony Grosek, theme backgrounds. Welcoming type hot coffee, served with Mrs. Lottie Drapiewski, Mrs. guests will be hostesses in na­ whipped cream in tall glasses Henry Horbaczewski, Mrs. Jo­ tive costume. They will serve will be available, as will trays ;seph Lester, Mrs. Alex Seleski exotic food from trays and plat­ of flavored "babkas” flown in iand Mrs. Richard Stefanski ters. A committee of judgs will from New York especially for Mrs. Anita Janerich was e ied publicity chairman, and appraise the tables before they the festival. Louis Gawat. Mrs. Helen ft and Mrs. Frank Peters will be judged on an artistic!the Wilkes College Music De- named i cochairmen. -,<r �SUNDAY INDEPENDENT, WILKES-BARI SEPTEMBER 20, 1964 Festival of Leaves’ Committees Announced Mrs. Vincent Znaniecki, chairman, and Mrs. Stefan Hellersperk, cochairman, met with members of the Polish Room Committee of Wilkes College, to discuss final plans for the "Festival, of Leaves” program to be held at the Wilkes College Gymnasium Monday, Oct. 5, from 6 to 9 p.m. The meeting was held at the home of Mrs. Vincent Znanieckl, Nanticoke. Assisting with arrangements are: left to right, seated, Mrs. Michael Weiss, Mrs. Jo­ seph Lester, Mrs. Charles Leonard and Mrs. Richard Stefanski. Standing, Mrs. John Drapiewski, Mrs. Clem Schwartz and Mrs. Helen Mosier. The Polish Room of Wilkes basis by an Art Committee, andipartment. There will be a contiuous performance of dancers College has invited the public to a token award will be made. celebrate the Indian Summer Mrs. Joseph Rushin will be in representing many nationalities. charge of the foyer, which will Miss Mary Koons, tea chair­ ’Festival. ; There will be 19 international be transformed into a cafe- man, appointed the following tables, having as a focal point, styled street, an dfeaturing a hostess to pour: Mrs. John centerpieces symbolic of native Warsaw coffee house. Polish­ Chwalek, Mrs. Anthony Grosek, theme backgrounds. Welcoming type hpt coffee, served with Mrs. Lottie Drapiewski. Mrs. guests will be hostesses in na­ whipped cream in tall glasses Henry Horbaczewski, Mrs. Jo­ tive costume. They will serve will be available, as will trays seph Lester, Mrs. Alex Seleski exotic food from trays and plat­ of flavored “babkas” flown in and Mrs. Richard Stefanski ters. A committee of judgs will from New York especially for Mrs. Anita Janerich was e ed publicity chairman, and appraise the tables before they the festival. During the evening music of Louis Gawat, Mrs. Helen ft are open to the public. Tables all nations will be played by and Mrs. Frank Peters will be judged on an artistic the Wilkes College Music De­ named cochairmen. �SUNDAY INDEP ‘Festival of Leav fjele.77 I I Mrs. Vincent Znaniecki, chairman, and Mrs. Stefan Hellersperk, cochairman, met with members of the Polish Room Committee of Wilkes College, to discuss final plans for the “Festival, of Leaves” program to be held at the Wilkes College Gymnasium Monday, Oct. 5, from 6 to 9 p.m. The meeting was held at the home of Mrs. Vincent Znanieckl, Nanticoke. Assisting with arrangements are: left to right, seated, Mrs. Michael Weiss, Mrs. Jo­ seph Lester, Mrs. Charles Leonard and Mrs. Ri’chard Stefanski. Standing, Mrs. John Drapiewski, Mrs. Clem Schwartz and Mrs. Helen Mosier. i The Polish Room of Wilkes basis by an Art Committee, and partment. There will be a conCollege has invited the public to a token award will be made. tiuous performance of dancers I celebrate the Indian Summer Mrs. Joseph Rushin will be in representing many nationalities. charge of the foyer, which will Miss Mary Koons, tea chair­ ■Festival. There will be 19 international be transformed into a cafe- man, appointed the following tables, having as a focal point, styled street, an dfeaturing a hostess to pour: Mrs. John centerpieces symbolic of native Warsaw coffee house. Polish­ Chwalek, Mrs. Anthony Grosek, theme backgrounds. Welcoming type hpt coffee, served with Mrs. Lottie Drapiewski, Mrs. | guests will be hostesses in na­ whipped cream in tall glasses Henry Horbaczewski, Mrs. Jo­ tive costume, They will serve will be available, as will trays seph Lester, Mrs. Alex Seleski exotic food from trays and plat- of flavored "babkas” flown in and Mrs. Richard Stefanski. Iters. A committee of judgs will from New York especially for Mrs. Anita Janerich was elects festival. ed publicity chairman, and Mrs. [appraise the tables before they theDuring the evening music of Louis Gawat, Mrs. Helen Mosier iare open to the public. Tables ,all nations will be played by and Mrs. Frank Peters were will be judged on an artistic the Wilkes College Music De­ named ^oohairmen. �SUNDAY INDEPENDENT, WILKES-BARI SE ‘Festival of Leaves’ Committees Mrs. Vincent Znaniecki, chairman, and Mrs. Stefan Hellersperk, cochairman, met with members of the Polish Room Committee of Wilkes College, to discuss final plans for the ‘‘Festival, of Leaves” program to be held at the Wilkes College Gymnasium Monday, Oct. 5, from 6 to 9 p.m. The meeting was held at the home of Mrs. Vincent Znameckl, Nanticoke. Assisting with arrangements are: left to right, seated, Mrs. Michael Weiss, Mrs. Jo­ seph Lester, Mrs. Charles Leonard and Mrs. Ri’chard Stefanski. Standing, Mrs. John Drapiewski, Mrs. Clem Schwartz and Mrs. Helen 'Mosier. The Polish Room of Wilkes basis by an Art Committee, and partment. There will be a contiuous performance of dancers College has invited the public to a token award will be made. celebrate the Indian Summer Mrs. Joseph Rushin will be in representing many nationalities. charge of the foyer, which will Miss Mary Koons, tea chair­ Festival. There will be 19 international be transformed into a cafe- man, appointed the following tables, having as a focal point, styled street, an dfeaturing a hostess to pour: Mrs. John centerpieces symbolic of native Warsaw coffee house. Polish­ Chwalek. Mrs. Anthony Grosek, theme backgrounds. Welcoming type hot coffee, served with Mrs. Lottie Drapiewski, Mrs. guests will be hostesses in na­ whipped cream in tall glasses Henry Horbaczewski, Mrs. Jo­ tive costume. They will serve will be available, as will trays seph Lester, Mrs. Alex Seleski exotic food from trays and plat­ of flavored "babkas" flown in and Mrs. Richard Stefanski. ters. A committee of judgs will from New York especially for Mrs. Anita Janerich was elect­ festival. ed publicity chairman, and Mn. appraise the tables before they theDuring the evening music of Louis Gawat. Mrs. Helen Mosier are open to the public. Tables all nations will be played byand Mrs. ____ Frank _Peters were __ ___ will be judged on an artistic the Wilkes College Music De- named ^oohairmen. I �SUNDAY INDEPENDENT, WILKES-BARI SEPTEMBER 20, 1964 ‘Festival of Leaves’ Committees Announced Mrs. Vincent Znaniecki, chairman, and Mrs. Stefan Hellersperk, cochairman, met with members of the Polish Room Committee of Wilkes College, to discuss final plans for the "Festival.of Leaves” program to be held at the Wilkes College Gymnasium Monday, Oct. 5, from 6 to 9 p.m. The meeting was held at the home of Mrs. Vincent Znaniecki, Nanticoke. Assisting with arrangements are: left to right, seated, Mrs. Michael Weiss, Mrs. Jo­ seph Lester, Mrs. Charles Leonard and Mrs. Ri’chard Stefanski. Standing, Mrs. John Drapiews'ki, Mrs. Clem Schwartz and Mrs. Helen 'Mosier. The Polish Room of Wilkes basis by an Art Committee, and partmen t. There will be a conCollege has invited the public to a token award will be made. tiuous performance of dancers celebrate the Indian Summer Mrs. Joseph Rushin will be in representing many nationalities. charge of the foyer, which will Miss Mary Koons, tea chair­ ) ?stival. be transformed into a cafe- man, appointed the following t; bles, having as a focal point, styled street, an dfeaturing a hostess to pour: Mrs. John nterpieces symbolic of native Warsaw coffee house. Polish­ Chwalek. Mrs. Anthony Grosek, eme backgrounds. Welcoming type hot coffee, served with Mrs. Lottie Drapiewski. Mrs. , tests will be hostesses in na- whippea cream in tall glasses Henry Horbaczewski, Mrs. Jo­ t. re costume. They will serve will be available, as will trays seph Lester, Mrs. Alex Seleski c ;otic food from trays and plat- of flavored “babkas” flown in and Mrs. Richard Stefanski. t- rg. A committee of judgs will from New York especially tor Mrs. Anita Janerich was elect­ festival. ed publicity chairman, and Mrs. appraise the tables before they theDuring the evening music of Louis Gawat, Mrs. Helen Mosier ate open to the public. Tables all nations will be played by and Mrs. Frank Peters were !w 11 be judged on an artistic the Wilkes College Music De- named cochairmen. �lR°o*cn ,sh Hou p^ttee ■ ^B fl Boar<f Of di • ■ ■ ■ ■ * I ■ ■ B ■ ■ ■ ■ I fI ' /2tlanieck.p esideat at ’S di,,ne'r w "tlco^e. Accent rjlanie^kj a served h 8o,lt'^ghter, Arass^ed 1 Mr,. Ci->rtlernljet' 0fS'tJOsePh Vn b e r Y, OCTOBER 4, 1974 Wilkes Polish Room Committee to Open Season Wilkes College Polish Room tee chairmen. Mrs. Vincent Committee. Miss Tomascik will Committee will resume monthly Znaniecki, president, will out­ speak of her six weeks stay in meetings with a dinner on Tues­ line programs and projects for Poland last summer and will day at 6:30 p.m. in the Ameri­ the coming months. illustrate with mementos and can Legion Home, N. River Mrs. Znaniecki will present pictures. Street. Miss Josephine Tomascik, one .Reservations may be made A business session will follow of the Kosciuszko Foundation by Oct. 5 with Miss Nell Wojthe dinner. Reports will be exchange scholars, sponsored narski, Mrs. Theodore Schwartz made by officers and commit- by Wilkes College Polish Room or Mrs. Znaniecki. Pa POlis^ i^nZubcrZ^ (letters ^°Cyaa vi^n°Las- Mn lested Per cra read f, Pa, &s wh° coi? ,oter/ .S, <PcS&tt »»<l <?Rn t°r''(ed f’d'3'; ,he Pi- ” ^zzyzz CSfS , PaB^' l-qm at the At>leetia^ishbOlat‘ to P lar eto P°IaDci la^ ‘.-thirty fAmeriean ^ gav *etnent0'tb c'' ,.ead Unies < fh d ^orks ^^ns 8 J°.c. °rre. ’’o/. /Je PolisJ\of art on Ordb“1Pts T Wch Lary t ^Zo0^ looq3s 'SdK / S; '/r e7v'rpve ^ov. 12 fed^ \i peIf /L ?e// w^ene S. wB PSei^atiOn?abIe MoUy J? s^e ^^ekepocfor C£tentlyWbe.’ n fot' “S° ^yhL^cai Sm-r^s\^'l guestg. •I. �!, PA., WEDNESDAY, OCTOBER 30, 1974 Polish Room Committee Lists y^octoberj^ Wilkes Poli R : Wilkes Polish Room C ommittee I To Hold Party Board directors meeting of the Wilkes College Polish Room Committee was held at the home of president Mrs. Vincent Znaniecki. Nanticoke. A gourdinner served Noroski, by Mrs. ^^^^^^Mdaughier. Joseph Znaniecki Mrs. assisted by her ^^^^^^MCommittee. member of the Polish Room ^^^^^^Bnamcd the board to replace Miss to Casimir Tyburski Joseph Telejszo, a highly regarded member who recent’y died. ^^^B recently heldwas cardgiven partyon in the . A report Wilkes College Commons. Mrs. George Kocyan was chairman. ^^^B,estcd Letterspersons were read who from commented inter^^Bnn the Fiesta display by the Polish Room Committee. ■BBticularly mentioned was theParPi^^^Hsanki decorated eggs displayed ^^Mand demonstrated by Mrs. Jo^^Bseph Yorke Yurkowskl. Favor^^Hable comments were also made ^Mon the Wycinanki paper cut ^Mouts, work of skilled Polish ^Bartists. Mrs. Znaniecki readtocorre^Bspondence pertaining vol^■umes, publications, cabinets ^Hand works of art on order foi ■the Polish Room located on the ■second floor of the Eugene S. ■Farley Library of Wilkes Col■ege which is open to the public. B Mrs. Michael Weiss and her wommittee gave reports on two ■ecent bus trips, to Cherry Hill, K W. J., to hear Liberace and to tie Pocono Playhouse to see ■The Unsinkable Molly Brown.” Reservations are currently be­ ta taken for the last musical ' the Pocono Playhouse sean for "Life with Father,” on xinesday, Augcst 28. ’he annual garden party will held at the summer home Irs. James J. Feddock, Pole Harveys Lake. A covered dinner will be served at n, members and «— Activities for the Coming Year Wilkes College Polish Room scholar to Poland last summer. Wilkes College Po committee resumed meetings She gave'a vivid account illus­ P Committee will resur with a dinner at the American trated with colored slides and tacik will meetings with a dinn, Legion Home. Thirty-four mem­ mementos of her experiences in stay in day at 6:30 p.m: in bers and guest attended. Poland. Iind will can Legion Home, Mrs. Vincent Znaniecki pre­ Next meeting will be held hos and Street. Nov. 12. a A business session sided. Mrs. Michael Weiss gave _ made the dinner. Reports a comprehensive and detailed ta«-LraLiuiiiuy ver. 5 with Miss Nell Wojmade by officers an treasurer’s report, covering the | insored narski, Mrs. Theodore Schwartz summer months to date. Reports I Room I or Mrs. Znaniecki. were also given by Mrs. George Kocyan, on the May card party, antf by Mrs. Marie Mieszkowski on the fine Arts Fiesta and on her attendance at the seminar of the Polish American Con­ gress. It was announced Mrs. Ste­ phan Hellersperk was appointed to the county-wide committee for the 1976 Bicentennial. She and Casimir Tyburski will rep­ resent the Polish Room Com­ mittee at future planning meet­ ings of that committee. Mrs. Znaniecki. announced an invitation had been received from the Litte Theatre commit­ tee; plans for a bus trip to a concert in New York featuring Miss Jean Jarolim, Nanticoke native, and plans for a trip to Poland in the spring. She also announced the next Philhar­ monic reception is scheduled for Feb. 8, 1975. - Mrs. John Pagoda, accompa­ nied by .her husband, repre­ sented the Wilkes College Polish Room Committee at the conven­ tion of the American Council of Polish Cultural Clubs at Alliance College, Cambridge Springs. Mrs. Clement Sawicki, will serve as chairman for the an­ nual cultural program for the I valley. This year it will be "An Afternoon in the Tatras,” fea­ turing Andrzej Bachleda, emi­ nent Polish singer and native of the Tatra highlands, and Jan Gromada’s Folk Music and Dance Ensemble of Passaic, N. J. The program will be pre­ sented at John S. Fine High School, Nanticoke, on Nov. 17 at 2:30 p. m. Tickets may be obtained from Mrs. Sawicki or Mrs. Znaniecki. Three new members were presented at this meeting, bring­ ing to 18 the total of new mem­ bers admitted to membership in 1974. Four volumes were purchased at the Kosciuszko Foundation and donated to the Eugene S. Farley Library. Mrs. Znaniecki announced there will be a Wycinorki Art Contest in the valley schools. Prizes will be awarded and the work of winners will appear in the Fine Arts Fiesta. Kosciuszko Foundation is mak­ ing extensive preparations for// ■•participation in the 1976 l«nnial. \v Misik I A tall- ,.r5 given �UMES-LEADEK, ux EVJbBULmu h u o, xvju vuxvu, vv lUlYIjO-DAivrvju. VFW Auxiliary Mountaintop Couple to Mark Past Presidents / Club to Convene Golden Anniversary Sunday I ■ Wilkes-Barre American ■ion Auxiliary, Unit 132, ■old its fall meeting at .... ^Wilkes-Barre Post Home TuesBay. Sept. 10. at 8 p. m. ■ The following members have ^Been elected to serve for the ■974-75 year: President, Mrs. ■lelen O’Donnell; first vice president, Mrs. Catherine ■yers; second vice president, ■liss Genevieve Hakim; record­ ing secretary, Mrs. Wilma Sa■toski; financial secretary, Mrs. ■Harie Hobbs; treasurer, Mrs. ■Irene Eckert; chaplain, Mrs. ■Ada Wollard; historian. Mrs. ■Hilda Robertspn; sergeant-at■arms, Mrs. Catherine Spielman land Mrs. Julia Byndas. Mrs. ■Irene Eckert will be publicity ■chairman for the current year. I Mrs. O’Donnell will report on [the July convention held in [Philadelphia, and will name chairmen of the committees for Veterans of Foreign. Wars, District 11, Past Presidents Club, will meet at Ashley-New­ town VFW Post No. 7021, 703 Hazle St., Ashley, on Monday at 7:30. Past presidents of Capt. C. E. Stegmaier Auxiliary 50 hosting this social hour are: Olwyn Oldfield, Anna Modzelewski, Nan Shock, Elizabeth Shillabeer and Florence Babchalk. President Jeanette Klein of Mocanaqua Auxiliary No. 6434 will preside. Party will be held at Retreat State Hospital for veterans on Wednesday, Aug. 28 at 6:30. Donations are to be brought to the meeting. Veterans of Foreign Wars, District No. 11, will meet on Sunday, Oct. 6, at Ashley-New­ town Post No. 7021, 703 Hazle St., Ashley, at 3 instead of Parsons Memorial Post No. 6227 as previously announced. _____ Jeanette Klein of Mocanaqua Auxiliary 6434 will preside. All chirmen will make their re­ ports. ���f7^ 77^ dfa^L /?<^/ n/^fa /H3 J7^t/L......Q&nTtsz-^ j_ n±\7y^&^ ^7^ LZL2. / ^r f fa&tL !//r K , /fat) f- W' '/td-/7.. -~ '//aj'. (?)df >1 Tfatt' i 7 7y “' Zo?/^ 7/-L4s/‘ ^.Z^x^2-i/ -r F^i t^z,, 7/^t/. �\PVf.-o'01’■ Jn al,endance at the1 ,5.^0111)1 annua) dinner of the Wyoming Valiev Chanter cS“ ’"»'■? Swpor: Afr. /(w. _±?l!£l'2£SjnvocaHon by Rev.' 100th Leap -I o f,r "ere writ*n intoit "'h SPpcla' Forces Group his-jl tory recently Mhen the third de- ( -■chment of green-berot-topped,' :I'oops bailed out over Fort Car-' ..sort, Colorado. I ... 1f l‘‘-’ l'1"' "' ''"'J mon ofli kF7^",'zT;xF!?'nS'?? |c<nt)afion to-make a tactlcalll *?• ■>""> «'-® ■ e Wilt| Jin D. �WILKE reriresen Luzern^' area, ! seventh AVyomin Credit I Club . •< Weiderr Union P the prir Folkr Two 77th S tory >'( echini t roops i soft. C ! The "Fox ' the U cent rg Israel �r^L estimated 26v persons j representing 11 credit unions inLuzerne-Lackawanna Count y area, were in attendance at the seventh annual dinner of the Wyoming Valley Chapter of' Credit Unions al Mayfair Supper Club last night. Melvin H.! vyeiderman, prositjum of Credit1 I mon National Ax»»c)allon, wash the principal speaker. jf (.rIri _Foltowmg_invocalion by Rev.1 I* 1|J IQOthLeap \ By City Pc i Two firsts were written into t 77th Special Forces Group his-> tory recently when the third de- ( achmenf of green-baret-topp'ed } Hoops bailed out over Fort Car­ lson, Colorado. , TMe 102 officers end mon of] “Fox Baker Team Five" carried in three Air Force C-118’s was ( the largest Special Forces con-1; cenfratfon to-make a tactical! P? rechute jump onto a Single* Idi 14 ?nri» “ 75^-^ £ /s persoi * r\0i Dnr —----- �■barre; pa. 1SPRESEUIED Production Adapted From Poem, 'The Forefathers' . ‘sn<icht into the historical heritage ofPoland was ’ fertied «»s ^’^'ISsh Bus trip sponsored by 1; "he Wilkes University Polish Fcfkoski, Franklin D. Roosevelt personal er newly acquired James Roosevelt’ ?FS=fS. ip to the Culinary Institute of Amen ’ark, N.Y. Participants also enjoyed . 11 f the �newly acquired James Roosevelt home. V V Park' N-Y‘ Partlc|Pants also enjoyed a tour of the �uarre. ii<ls uit ..... responsibility for fiscal ser- Trojaki Dance Circle Appearing At Wilkes College on June 28th Nationally known “Trojaki Dance Circle of Maryland,” will perform at Wilkes College Performing Arts Center June 28at7p.m. Performance will open the . month-Jong Polish Cultural Exposition at the college. Exposition is sponsored by the Wilkes College Polish Room Committee and.Sordoni Art Gallery Commission, 'assisted by the Ethnic Heritage Center. A highlight will be an exhibit in the Sordoni Gallery on “Poster Art in Poland, 18991978’'’. Exhibit will open with a reception June 28 at 8 p.m. at the gallery, immediately following the performance of the Trojaki dancers. Exhibit closes July 27. Exhibit was organized by Maryland Institute, College of Art, the Poster Museum in Warsaw and the Polish Ministry of Culture and Fine Arts. Sponsored by Smithso­ nian Institution Traveling Ex­ hibition Services in Washington, D.C., it consists of 180 posters, one of Poland’s most prominent art forms. Selections are from the Poster Museum in the Warsaw suburb of Wilanow. Trojaki Dance Circle, found­ ed in 1974, is dedicated to the performance of the Polish folk art of dancing. Since its incep­ tion, this group brings to the public a broad program o Polish music as played, dam ed and sung. �Art Show Hostesses Announced ----------------------------------- L C ‘ * * Tz, Mrs. Edward Nork is chair- the suggestio: suggestion man of the art exhibit and lec- Joseph Gale i.of the U. N. Mrs •ph Wilkes Gale is C assisting - Mrs. . ture to be presented by Miss Nork. Wilkes College Polish . Irena Lorentowicz, noted New Room- Committee York artist, at the Osterhout the Art Show. T’ js sponsoring Library Annex, tomorrow. There - ' ________ The following will will be two showings: one for act as hostesses: Mi’s. Frank Petchildren at 4 p. m.; the other■ ers, Miss Ann Grosek, Mrs. Rob­ for adults at. 8 p. m.. In addition ert Kopicki. Mrs. Paul Selecky, to the exhibit, the afternoon pro­ Mrs. Edward Makowski, Mrs. gram will include two special Anthony Wallace, Mrs. John features. Miss Lorentowicz will Wojcik, Mrs. Joseph Skuzinski, draw designs to illustrate books Mrs. Stefan Hellersperk, Miss and she will also demonstrate Catharine Biczysko, Mrs. Edward the making of Christmas decora­ Kopicki, Miss Nell Wojnarski, Joseph Mieszkowski, Mrs. -■ tions which. ...v she had been re­ Mrs. oeen reFrank Strojny, Mrs. John Loughquested to do in ,i«u New York at lin, and Mrs. Vincent Znaniecki. p. [neaiun Polish Room i^^pS^^RANK PETERS Art Exhibit Mrs. Frank Peters of Nanti co^e is a committee aide for the rt- exhibit and lecture to be nted by Miss Irene Loren_-z, noted New York artist, Dsterhout Library Annex toThere will be a showing children at 4 p. m. and for adults at 8 p. m. At the afternoon session. Miss Lorentowicz will draw designs to illustrate books and demonstrate making Christmas decorations. Wilkes College Polish Room Committee is sponsoring the art show, of which Mrs. Edward Nork is chairman. The following will be hostesses: Miss Ann Grosek, Mrs. Rober-t Kopicki, Mrs. Edward Makowski, Mrs. Anthony Wallace, Mrs. Joseph Skuzinski, Mrs. Stefan Hellersperk. Miss Katharine Biczysko. Mrs. Ed­ ward Kopicki, Mrs. Joseph Mieszkowski, Mrs. Frank Strojny, Mrs. John Loughlin. Miss Nell Wojnarski, Mrs. Paul Selecky. Mrs. Joseph Gale and Mrs. Vincent Znaniecki. Art Exhibit, to Be Held Today Eacff year the' Wifkes College olish Room Committee prejnts a program that is purely iltural to the public without large. This year it has turned the art world and is sponsorg the appearance of a re. wned artist, Miss Irena Loren,.1 wicz of New York. Her art : one fdr children at 4 P. M., other for adults at 8 P. M. om in Warsaw, Miss Lorenicz studied art there and in !Pa. s. Her paintings are rep-.. r[rpf nted in the following mu' set ns: National Polish Art Colilec )'n, Warsaw; Museum ofl y siMc. ern Art, Paris; Jeu Dei fl r|Pai ne, Paris; Academic Nation- / .'ale fle Masique et d* n.—1 > /• 7 D Mzi/fcAl f\OOlll A _ rT\ 1-^rPCPtll 1 (J 1 /CdV/tt Paris; Archives Nationales de Danse, Paris, and the Catholic Museum of Chicago. Miss Lorentowicz has received numerous prizes both here and abroad. Some of the outstand­ ing ones are the following: first prize, Academic of Fine Arts, Warsaw; first prize, Warsaw Each year the Wilkes College Salon, Warsaw; first prize. Polish Room Committee pre­ Paris Opera for Ballet sents a program that is purely Grand Sets; gold medal, Paris Interna­ cultural to the public'without tional Exhibition, 1937; second charge. This year it has turned prize, Salon d’Automne, Paris; to the art world and is sponsor­ honorable mention, Salon des ing »the appearance of a re­ Tuileries. nowned artist, Miss Irena Lc entowicz of New York. He art Miss Lorentowicz’s beautiful assisted by Mrs. Joseph Gale | exhibit and illustrated ’ ure stained glass murals are in and Mrs. Frank Peters, invites ( will be presented at t* ster- churches scattered throughout the public to attend. t hout Library Annex c /iday, the United States. Her most re­ Oct 31. There will be t<. show­ cent mural ‘ was completed at ................................ Doylestown, Pa., last year. ings: one for children at 4 P. M., Outstanding among her book the other for adults at 8 P. M. Born in Warsaw, Miss Loren­ illustrations are the following: "Cry Baby Dolls,” an honor towicz studied art there and in Paris. Her paintings are rep­ book in New York Herald Trib­ une ’ s Spring Festival; "The resented in the following mu­ in the Picture,” a Junior seums: National Polish Art Col- Hand j Guild selection; “Tales. of lectibn, Warsaw; Museum of _ .. Fara„ i Modern Art, Paris; Jeu De waY Folk" • book ot the *ear Paume, Paris; Academic Nation- 1954-55. ale de Masique et de Danse, Mrs. Edward Nork, chairman,! �-, Ci^sTitirtroq to® WWWO of flfc $ Maia X79l-im Constitution of $olanft first in Europe flag JLafsiwg StmifflWJ >3)3, wt Xujctiw (Counts ®«wt Jwus« UJCIfces-iBam, ^enusyltoiia £ pottMMJ t>£ t&t Sntwitan a£ Rswtfteautttm ¥*tttt«vWattU �JESZCZE POLSKA NIE ZGINELR Jeszcze Polska nie zgineta, Poki myzyjemy Co nam obca przemoc vzieta Moca odbierzemy. Marez, marsz Dabrovski Z ziemi Woskiej do Polski Za t'woim przewdem Zlaczym sie z narodem Eugene Kline INTRODUCTION MASTER OF CEREMONIES Joseph R. Mros Stacia A. Feddock President P.A.C.of N. E. Pa. WELCOME PLEDGE OF ALLEGIANCE Assembly Stanley Swaintek & Assembl y Accompanied by The Henry Charles Orchestra STAR SPANGLED BANNER INVOCATION BOZE COS POLSKE Boze cos'polske prez tak liczne vieki Otaczal blaskiem potegi i ch.'yaly Cos^ Ja osLaniaktarcza Svej opieki Od nieszczesc, ktdre przygnebic Ja mialy Przed Tve oltarze zanosim blaganie Ojczyzane v/olna racz nam wocid Pania. PRESENTATION 0FRE30LUTI0NS Commissioners Luzerne County REMARKS Irene Wroblewski Polish Women’s Alliance Council 4-A REMARKS Stephania Zimolzak President Wilkes University Polish Room AC K NOW L E DG E M E NTS Josep h R.Mros CLOSING REMARKS Stacia A. Feddock BENEDICTION GOD BLESS AMERICA and JESZCZE POLKA NIEZIGNELA Chairperson Reception Stacia Feddock Mary Bunsick Stanley Swaintek & Assembly Accompanied byTheHenry Charles Orchestra RAISING OF THE POLISH FLAG �Tliia IMflalin Airnieipjleam EiPtada I AM A POLISH AMERICAN In my veins flows the blood of a Pope, Patriots, Kings, Scientists and Courageous Peasants. I am the descendant of Copernicus who would reach for the stars, a Madame Maria Sklodowska Curie unraveling the mysteries of nature and Ignacy Jan Paderewski uplifting the soul of man. YES, I AM A POLISH-AMERICAN My heart beats with love for my Ancestral Homeland and for my adopted country, this young United States of America. When tyranny or despotism has threatened, I have always been the first to resist. I was with Sobieski lifting the siege of Vienna, Kazimierz Pulaski in Savannah, Thadeusz Kosciuszko at Valley Forge and the RAF over Channel skies in Britain. I am a Poet like Adam Mickiewicz, an Artist like Jan Matejko, an Author like Joseph Conrad and a Musician like Frederic Chopin. I believe in the Dignity of the Human Spirit, Promotion of Faith and the Divine Law. If anybody would choose to be my friend, Welcome, as they will know what I stand for. If not, then let them know that enduring here in Piety and Hope, I wait and watch, for I AMA POLISH AMERICAN �TIMES-LEADER, THE EVENING NEWS, WILK: ’Production To Mark Anniversary Of Polish Poet's Death Bgn dock and James Jones go mark the 100th anniversary of warrLMahqwski. Tickets chair- ' over a scene from the forthcom­ the death of Adam Micklewicz,1 man is Mrs. Thaddeus Nowinski, ' ing production, “The Forefa­ brilliant Polish poet and literary with Mrs. EdwaraNbrk co- ; CdwardTNork as cothers,” which will he presented at figure. Cook will play the part chairman. C-?_ ____ chairman I Costumes Ihnntr 11 r, „ ,1 Wallac*, asthe Wilkes College gymnasium of,Konrad, while Jones, a senior is Mrs. Anthony Saturday night at 8:40 by the at Wilkes, will portray the Evil slsted by Mrs. Joseph Mieszkowski as co-chairman. Women’s Club for a Polish Room Spirit of the Devil. I Alfred Groh is directing the Proceeds of the play will be I at Wilkes. Cook, a veteran of many years play? MrsTXlex Kresge is chair­ used to equip a Polish Room ini iiVshow business, will have the man of the entire production, one of the buildings at Wilkes | lead part in the play which will (assisted by co-chairman Mrs, Ed- �/f COLLEGE MISERICORDIA DEPARTMENT OF MUSIC PRESENTS CELEBRATION OF CHOPIN-' S MUSIC (A special recital in support of the Solidarity of the Polish People) Sunday, March 21, 1982 2:00 P.M. St. Stephen's Episcopal Church Choir Room Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania ************************** Fantasy-Impromptu in C Sharp Minor, Op. 66 Susan Bennett Waltz in F Minor, Op. 70, No.2 Mazurka in B Flat Minor, Op. 24, No.4 Luana Watlack Etude in E Major, Op. 10, No. 3 Eleanor Macchia Scherzo in B Minor, Op. 20 Beth Bailey Nocturne in B Minor, Op. 32, No. 1 Deborah Davis Polonaise in A Major, Op. 40, No. 1 "Military" Florence Synn Polonaise in A Flat Major, Op. 53 Cynthia Teprovich ***** Special thanks to St. Stephen's Church for use of the recital hall and to the Polish Union of the United States of America for their helpful support and interest. �( SATURDAY, DECEMBER 8, 1956 Koscluszko Ball committee entertained members and friends at a Christmas tea in the foyer of Wilkes College gymnasium. Ladislav Reymont's classic "The Peasants," written in four volumes and awarded the Nobel Prize in 1924. was re­ viewed ,bv Mrs. Stanley Dombroski, volume 1—Autumn:- Miss Heddv Horbaczewski. volume 2—Winter; Miss Nell Wojnarski. volume 3—Spring. and Mrs. Joseph Pisczek, volume 4— Summer. Four tables highlighted seasonal foods. Autumn portrayed a typical country wedding with im­ ported Polish dolls, representing the bride and bridegroom. Surrounding the bride and bridegroom were foods ordinarily served at a Polish wedding. Winter, with Christmas as the most important holiday of this season. featured a small fir tree decorated with fruits, nuts and small cakes. The foods displayed were all the spe­ cial dishes that are served at the Christmas eve supper. Polish Christmas carols were sung by Miss Theresa Eget accompanied by Mrs. Joseph Bolesta. An Easter, lamb molded of butter and colorfully hand- WILKES-BARRE RECORD, decorated eggs with* the Kielbasa and other foods tradition­ ally included in the Blessed Easter basket adorned the table depicting'the spring season. t • Summer, the harvest season, displayed a/'darge- wreath made of wneat. intertwined with poppies and bachelbr but­ tons; as well as a colorful arrangement of vegetables arid fruits of th<- season. Each table was covered with Jin attractive table cloth imported from Poland. Miss Anne Grosek and Miss Nell Wojnarski presided at the tea table. Pictured are members' of the committee for the ball, which will be held December 29 at Hotel Sterling. Left to right: Mrs. Edward Kopicki, invitations chairman: Mrs. Stan­ ley Dombroski. arrangements chairman: Mrs. Joseph Piszczek, publicity chairman; Mrs'. Frank Strojny, dopr committee; Mrs. John Kopicki, decorations chairman; Miss Anne Mushin­ ski. door chairman; Mrs. Emil Suda, reservations chairman: Miss Anne Grosek, co-chairman, and Miss Nell Wojnarski, chairmap._________ , __________________ (Photo By y»ui Bieiey) ��Gives Fine Program i i By MRS. WESLEY E. WOODRUFF ski, and Anna Zgorski, a pert little miss, with Walter No­ I The Wilkes . College • Polish wicki. I Room Committee packed the Colorful Scene llrem Temple Saturday night with “Pan Twardowski" followed I an appreciative audience and theintermission. In his work­ ■ sponsored a stunning event in ■ bringing to Wilkes-Barre the shop sits Twardowski (imper-i iGurek Lazowski Polish Dance sonated by Edward AnczoM ■Theatre of New York with an noted alchemist, in despair be-J I accompanying small orchestra cause he has failed to turn other metals to gold. Trying, land authentic costumes. I Mr. Lazowski, a dancer from some witchcraft, to his horror] the devil, dramatically acted by'I ■early youth, specializing as a Yurek in black and I character dancer and performing flaming Lazowski. red, and two little red ■ with noted ballet companies, is appear. The, alchemist I the director of the Polish Dance devils ■ Theatre, which was organized to finally succumbs to 'the devil's I encourage interest in the dances offer of gold and youth. Into the market place filled I of Poland. I The principal item on the pro- with hucksters and villagers, Igram was “Pan Twardowski," a mountaineers and gypsies, a I Polish National ballet panto- veritable kaleidoscope of swirl­ Imime, choreographed by Lazow- ing" brilliant colors and gaiety, I ski. It has to do with an ancient comes the rejuvenated Twardow­ ■ legend, upon which the familiar ski, whom his wife does not I “Faust" has been based. It was even recognize. With the help ■ preceded by a short program of of the devil he performs two ■Folk Dances, with small groups cures which reach the ears of I taking part and Mr. Karpinski as the King, who is longing for ■ clarifier and narrator. the return of his dead Queen. I The “Nocturne," with Chopin But only a vision of her appears: ■music charmingly played on the and instantly fades. ■ piano, was danced with flowing Into the Devi 1 ’ s Tavern, ■ grace by Chris Dauble, Inia Bar- “Rome,” he brings Pan Twar­ I Kiel, Barbara Gregg and Fr. dowski, whore devils trans­ [Yezer, in light pastel-shaded cos- formed into human beings I tumes. and one alluring beauty I A sharp contrast was Lazow- swarm her enticing powers. But! I ski’s “Vagabond," a clever im­ uses the sign of the Cross breaks personation. He is a fine actor, the devil’s power, disperses the has a delicious sense of humor, which enlivened the evening and rable and the tavern disappears. he is an amazingly agile dancer. A tableau of the Apotheosis fol­ There were other well danced lowed. '■numbers, but the Kujawiak, a The entire large cast, weaving (special form of Folk Dance, was in and out, came dancing on striking with Virginia Giaramita stage to acknowledge the final I in flowered skirt and bright red applause, which increased as shawl, and the four men in white Yurek Lazowski stepped in front blouses, red ties and red and of his successful group. It was white striped full trousers, in a a graphic evening of beauty long sentimental and lively dance to to be remembered. Just one small criticism. The music by Wieniawski. In “Oberek” the costumes em­ conductor of the orchestra, Mr. phasized a gay flowered blue. Gregorcewiez,. who gave a very I "Oy-Ra” Old Warsaw was an­ reliable, accented ^rhythm for other side-splitting act with Bar­ the varied dances, might sweeterd tiara Gregg, one of the outstand­ his violin tone for the benefit ing dancers, paired with Lazow­ of musical ears. �THE WOMAN'S COMMITTEE OF THE POLISH CENTER AT WILKES COLLEGE PRESENTS FELIX R. LABUNSKI Composer, Lecturer and Musicologist Assisted by Eleanor S. Detroy IN A LECTURE - RECITAL 20 For the Benefit of the College Scholarship Fund AT THE WILKES COLLEGE GYMNASIUM SUNDAY, FEBRUARY 7, 1954 ADMISSION « o — 4:00 P.M. (incl. tax) $1.10 �'AY, APRIL 16, 1958 'esen irs. Joseph Kocyan, president Wilkes College Polish Room immittee, is honorary chairtan of the Festival of Regional Lrts and Ballet, ‘‘Pan Twardow,ki,” to be held at Irem Temple in Saturday night, April 26 at k30. Ballet will be presented by the Yurek Lazowski Dance Theater of New York City. 1 Polish Room Committee was funded in 1951 to equip a Po­ lish cultural room at Wilkes College which would serve the 'community by giving it access to !he brilliant literature, art and Mture of the Polish through Je centuries. This room, which will contain a library of Polish literature;,.and reference books as well works of art, will be of special interest since the solid birch furniture' is hand carved in traditional Polish design. During the last seven years, the cultural room women’s group;, sponsored lectures and musical I events and presented two local productions, "Forefathers Eve,’’ commemorating the Mickiewicz Centennial and "Fashion in His­ tory," during the sesqui-centennial celebration. The club also compiled a cook­ book of famous Polish recipes, contributed toward the scholar­ ship program of the Kosciuszko Foundation, which provides scholarships for any worthy American student of Polish des­ cent, and aided the scholarship fund of Wilkes College. The cultural room project will benefit from proceeds of the ballet. MRS. JOSEPH KOCYAN ^ES1 Satl,ra^,^ ara£SCBo 25 ^est nc �The Yurek Lazowski Polish Dance Theatre FESTIVAL of the DANCE with scenes from ballet of A. ROZYCKI “PAN TWARDOWSKI” Saturday, November 16th, 1957 — 8:30 p. m. HIGH SCHOOL of FASHION INDUSTRIES 225 West 24th Street, New York City TICKET $2.75 Tax Incl. ���������■ �The Women’s Committee for the Polish Room of Wilkes College devotes 12 months of the year to its various projects including adding furniture, books and equipment to the Polish Room in Wilkes College. Devoted to the increas­ ing knowledge of the cultural, social and economic contribution the Poles have made to the United States as well as the Wyoming Valley, the impres­ sive and' dedicated group of women devote many hours of service. Each year, the committee holds a Summer outing. Yesterday Mrs. Stanley Urbanski enter­ tained more than a hundred at her home at Har­ vey’s Lake. The carefully manicured lawns pro­ vided a cool setting for the gathering. The social aspect was put aside while mem­ bers discussed the Winter formal dance, the Kosciuszko Ball which will be held Saturday, Dec. 26. Mrs. Urbanski was named chairman and Mrs. John S. Cresko, last year’s ball chairman, was named advisory chairman. At the Summer party new members were welcomed. Shown on the lawn of the Urbanski home arc: Seated, left to right, Mrs. John Yendrick and Mrs. Joseph Kocyan. Standing, Mrs. James Kozemchak, Mrs. Alex Kresge, Mrs. Stanley Perlik, Mrs. John Stasik Jr. and Mrs. John Stasik. (Photos by Kozemchak) Chairman and aides for the Kosciuszko Ball outlined briefly the plans for the Winter formal dance which will be held the night following Christmas. Shown, left to right, Miss Mary Novitsky and Mrs. Stanley Urbanski. Standing, Mrs. James Feddock, Miss Felicia Perlik, Mrs. Edward Mash inski and Mrs. Chester Urbanski. �College Polish Room Committee Holds Summer Event Polish Room Committee of Wilkes College met at the sum­ mer home of Mrs. Stanley Ur­ banski, Harveys Lake, for its annual’summer meeting and i dinner. Mrs. Urbanski gave a brief report of the activities of the I organization for the last year i and outlined plans for the fall I and winter. It was announced ' that Mrs. Urbanski will serve 1 as chairman of the forthcom­ ing Kosciuszko Ball to be held on Saturday night, December 26, at Hotel Sterling. Miss Mary Novitsky is cochairman of the ball. Other chairmen and committees will be an­ nounced at a later date. Welcomed as new members were Mrs. James Kozemchak, Mrs. Stanley Perlick, Mrs. John Stasik, Sr., Mrs. John Stasik, Jr., and Mrs. John Yendrick. Members and guests present at the meeting are shown. First row, seated from left: Mrs. Richard Stefanski, Mrs. Chester Urbanski, Mrs. Stanley Urbanski, Mrs. Joseph Kocyan, Miss Mary Novitsky, Miss Helen Gawlinska, Mrs. Vincent Znaniecki and Mrs. Edward Nork, Second row, standing: Mrs. James Feddock, Mrs. Joseph Mieszkowski, Mrs. Henry Horbaczewski, Mrs. Stefan Hellersperk, Mrs. Francis Mikrut, Mrs. Natalie Brookus, Mrs. Stefan Poleskie, Mrs. Stanley Perlick, Mrs. Mary Paulik, Mrs. Alex J. Laffey, Mrs. Vic­ toria Pietkiewicz, Mrs. Alex Kresge, Mrs. Genevieve Kurello, Mrs. Joseph Skuzinski and Mrs. John Wojcik. Third row: Mrs. John Sta­ sik, Sr., Mrs. John Stasik, Jr., Mrs. Edward Mashinski, Mrs. Baldina Czarniecki, Mrs. Theo­ dore B. Podkul, Mrs. John J. (Photo by Paramount Studio) Yendrick, Mrs. Emil Chwal, Miss Sophie Vnukowski, Mrs. George Kocyan, Mrs. James Kozerchak and Miss Felicia Perlick. Others in attendance but ab­ sent from the picture were Mrs. Adam Coffee, Mrs. John Cresko, Mrs. Victoria Galazka, Mrs. Frank Klimek, Miss Janine Klimek. Mrs. Frank Peters, Mrs. Herbert Propos, Mrs. Clement Schwartz, Mrs. Anthony Wallace, Mrs. Charles Leonard, Mrs. Anna Nolboch and Mrs. Theodore Sajeski. �October -1980 -30th Anniversary of the Polish Room ' The year 1980 finds us reminiscing over the past 30 years of continuous effort to promote cultural interest and participation by members of the Polish Room Committee. This year is The Year of the Family - and as a family, we members have made every effort to make our Polish culture known. Our past achievements can be reviewed with pleasing results. Through these 30 years the Com. has ably demonstrated its intense desire to emulate and perpetuate an ethnic pride in Poland's 1,000 yr*.old history. As wecbegin this first year of a new decade we are aware of our past accomplishments and - the challenges ahead. j �18 THURSDAY, FEBRUARY 3, 1977 BENEFIT DANCE HELD — Junior Kosciuszko Asso­ ciation of Wyoming Valley recently held a benefit dance at St. Joseph’s Church Hall in Hudson with all proceeds going to the National Czestochowa Trust Appeal. A check was presented Mrs? James (Stacia) Feddock, lay chairperson in the Scranton Diocese for the Czestochowa Drive. Dance committee members shown are: Sandy Soletski, Helen Zaleski, Bernard Eyanofski, president; Mrs. TIMES-LEADER EVENING NEWS, RECORD, Wil Feddock, Michael Antolik, dance chairman; Elizabeth Rosenfeld, Michael Rosenfeld. John Joseph and Joseph Mros. The shrine in Doylestown is a focal point of Polish American Catholicism and a destination for pilgrimages from several parts of the country. A nationwide drive is being conducted to raise funds for the financially endan­ gered center. TIMES-LEADER, EVENING NEWS, RECORD, WILKES-BARRE, PA., TUESDAY, DECEMBER 6, 1977 BOOKS ON POLISH SUBJECTS DONATED TO WILKES LIBRARY — The Junior Kosciuszko Association of Wyoming Valley has donated currently published books on Polish subjects to the Eugene Shedden Farley Library of Wilkes College. At the presentation ceremonies, from the left, first row: Helen Zaleski, publicity chairperson; Christine Buchina, Marcella Sedor, Mary Beth Sowa, treasurer, and Marcella Vinovrski. Standing: Helen Ormanowski' Thea Escarge, Sandy Soletski, corresponding secretary; Adam Chwiej, Wilkes College library staff member; Ber­ nard Evanofski, president; John Joseph, recording secre­ tary, and Andra Buchina, vice president. The books donated were "Polish Amnericans,” by Helena Znaniecki Lopata, and "Kosciuszko and Pulaski,” by Jan Stanislaw Kopczewski. Junior Kosciuszko Association has as one of its ma­ jor goals the promotion of Polish culture and history, es­ pecially among the youth of Wyoming Valley. Other pro­ jects of the organization include the broadcasting of a program of folk and classical music over one of the local radio stations; the fostering of Polish arts and crafts and the presentation of films, slides and lectures of Pol’ ish-related subjects. Social events are held regularly (Ace Hoffman Photo) �WILKES & BARRE: Forgotten Namesakes By Dr. Sheldon Spear Contrary to public opinion, John Wilkes and Isaac Barre were not colonial surveyors but political dissidents in England during the age of the American Revolution. Wilkes was byfarthe more colorful and quick-witted of the two. He became an instant national figure in 1763 by writing in his newspaper that a statement in the king’s speech to Parliament was a falsehood ... he publicly called the king a liar. This was unprecedented, and the enraged George III ordered his ministers to “get" Wilkes. In the process of doing so, they searched his quarters without a valid search warrent and jailed him, notwith­ standing his immunity from arrest as a Member of Parliament. Indicted on charges of seditious libel and publishing pornography — a sexually explicit “Essay on Women” had been found in his rooms — he fled to France rather than face what he regarded as a kangaroo court (and to escape his many creditors). But in 1768 Wilkes returned, affronting the government by standing as a candidate for the House of Commons. He easily won four elections over the next two years; but each time the bought parliamentary leadership refused to certify the results. In the midst of this furor, Wilkes became a hero to Americans who either forgot or forgave his personal faults. Like the English radicals, whose watchwords were “Wilkes and Liberty,” they perceived him as the victim of a conspiracy against the freedom of Englishmen on both sides of the Atlantic. The king’s government had denied him his civil rights and his parliamentary seat, as it had denied them the right to govern and tax themselves. Finally admitted to Parliament in 1774, Wilkes spoke out in defense of American rights, something Isaac Barre had been doing for nine years. Barre was born in Dublin, of Huguenot parents. A career army officer, he fought in the French and Indian War, receiving a disfiguring wound which cost him the sight of his right eye. He knew America first-hand as a result of his wartime experience and a E&M E & M Reality Compamy PROPERTY MANAGEMENT SERVICES Attractive Apartments Available 228 Carpenter St.. Luzerne. Pa. 18709 717/283-0571 subsequent tour of the colonies, including Pennsylvania. Denied promotion because he lacked political connec­ tions, then indispensable, Barre remedied this by being elected to Parliament as one of the “King's Friends.” This brought him a lucrative (absentee) appointment as adjutant-general of a Scottish garrison. But he soon lost it by daring to criticize the government’s actions against Wilkes. Two years later, in 1765, he vigorously denounced the Stamp Act, the first major British attempt to tax the colonies. He proclaimed Americans “Sons of Liberty,” a term they soon applied to themselves, and predicted that they would never accept taxes imposed from London; few other British politicians had his foresight. Barre defended America on many future occasions, his dramatic, often abrasive oratory heightened by his frightful appearance. The prime minister, Lord North, was so cowed that he hid rather than face him in the corridors of Parliament. John Durkee, the leader of the Connecticut settlers who came to the Wyoming Valley in 1769, had met Barre ten years earlier during the war in Canada. Barre was so well known, and Wilkes even more so — Americans were showering him with money and gifts — that Durkee’s selection of them as namesakes of his frontier settlement was not surprising. Indeed, they were being similarly honored in North Carolina (Wilkesborough), Georgia (Wilkes County), Massachusettes (Barre), and Vermont (Barre). One wonders whether residents of those com­ munities know any more than Wilkes-Barreans about the British heroes of their founding fathers. Editor’s Note: I Dr. Sheldon Spear is a professor of || history at Luzerne County Community .jl i'i College. A native of Brooklyn, he received Eh his Ph.D. from New York University and [I has been a resident of the Valley since 1967. Dr. Spear is the creator of the i Wyoming Valley Historical Calendar. -J- . K y* �The History of Mother’s Day And Traditional Recipes May brings a special holiday that unites us regardless of ethnic, religious, or national background: Mother’s Day, the second Sunday of the month, when we honor our mothers. Mother’s Day originated 71 years ago in the United States; initiated by Anna Jarvis, a resident of Philadelphia. For years, following the death of her mother in 1905, Anna held a memorial service. The custom spread throughout her home state of Pennsylvania. Then, in 1914, President Woodrow Wilson officially declared the second Sunday of May to be Mother’s Day. This national day of observance was intended for sons and daughters to honor their mothers, and has spread to many other countries. The celebration of Mother’s Day is a time to reminisce of many established traditions handed down from our mothers. One such tradition between mother and daughter has been to pass on treasured family recipes. This tradition eventually led to the publication of the first American cookbook, Amelia Simmon’s American Cookery, in Hartford, Connecticut, in 1796. Many of the characteristics found in this cookbook were traditionally American and still exist today. Before the American Cookery was published, the women merely jotted down their latest creations and exchanged them with friends. An outgrowth from this swap system became the tradition of specific family recipes, saved and cherished in order to hand down to daughters. In the Wyoming Valley, many of the favorite family recipes have been gathered together in an ethnic, history cookbook, The Whole Valley Cookbook. The cookbook represents a total of fifteen ethnic communities that have settled here in our Valley . . . Welsh, Polish, Lithuanians, Irish, Indians, to name a few. Each chapter begins with a concise history of the ethnic group and continues with the authentic and traditional recipes that have been handed down. A number of the recipes are connected with the religious, ethnic and national celebrations common to each group. And, in most instances, these recipes are the originals that have been handed down from mother to daughter, both in Europe and in the New World, generation after genera­ tion. This history cookbook, published by the Wyoming Valley Historical and Geological Society in 1980, is available at the Society and local outlets. As we pause this year on May 12 to celebrate Mother’s Day, let us not forget the love of each family that has been passed from our mothers, through recipes. This article was submitted by the Wyoming Valley Historical and Geological Society, 49 South Franklin Street, Wilkes-Barre, Pa. 18701. (717) 823-62449 THE MUSIC BOX DINNER PLAYHOUSE 196 Hughes Street Swoyersville, Pa. LIVE THEATRE SUMPTUOUS BUFFET SOUTH PACIFIC: May 30-31, June 1-2, June 6-9, June 13-16, June 20-23 MAN OF LA MANCHA: July 12-14, July 18-21, July 25-28 FOR RESERVATIONS 283-2195 824-3367 RESTAURANT & COCKTAIL LOUNGE Route 115 Wilkes-Barre EXECUTIVE LUNCHES Monday thru Saturday 11:30 to 2:30 DINNERS from 4:00 p.m. DAILY Italian Specialties Prepared by Chef-Owner Pauline Bettelli Why Not Keep 100% Of The Profit? It’s time you stopped paying for the convenience of a Pay Phone — and let the Pay Phone become a paying convenience. BUY, RENT or LEASE • Terms to suit your needs 823-9056 or 788-5700 All of our telephones are guaranteed for a full 12 months — parts and labor. NORTHEAST VENDAPHONE, INC. 15 �fifty. ft Si CHANUKAH] SWEDEN ^Amp HC78| (1 1 ’ ; \ |j ■Ji * ^^jriiJ 7 i S \'< j 1 r \| Ik 1 > 1 !" i 1 ' ��~)C- V.G, mowdajb mt BANQUET Commemorat ing American Independence KOSCIUSZKO DAY 150 Years of American Independence I5()th ANNIVERSARY Sunday, September 12th, 1926) 7:00 P. M. WILKES-BARRE. PA. ��MENU PROGRAM Salted Nuts Dr. J. J. Kocyan TOASTMASTER Relish Olives Celery America Ensemble Butter Dinner Rolls Fruit Cup INVOCATION Rev. Valentine Biczysko ADDRESS........................................................................ Col. Robert M. Vail Cream of Tomatoes, Croutons National Guard of Pennsylvania SONG SELECTION Miss Julia Koons His Excellency Jan Ciechanowski ADDRESS Broiled Mackerel Parisienne Potatoes Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary of the Republic of Poland to the U. S of America Roast Milk-fed Chicken ADDRESS................................................................. Hon. William S. McLean ADDRESS Rev. Anthony A. Dudkiewicz ADDRESS Hon. Edmond K. Jarecki SONG SELECTION ADDRESS Dennis E. Sosnowski, Esq. Rt. Rev. Theodore Kubina American Dressing String Beans in Butter Rissoleese Potatoes Heart of Lettuce, Russian Dressing Bishop of Czestochowa, Poland ADDRESS Rev. Francis L. Kasaczun Fancy Brick American Ice Cream ADDRESS.............................................................Rt. Rev. Michael J. Hoban Bishop of Scranton ADDRESS Geo. Siwinski, Esq. Assorted Cakes, Glace' Coffee Minte de Dinner Polish National Anthem, “Boze cos Polske” �Tributes to Kosciuszko TRIBUTES TO KOSCIUSZKO—Continued “One of our great Revolutionary Worthies.” _ I • core and sedulous appreciation the American people are indebted for thI°detaZ of West Point." Vl'aMn^ “The brave auxiliary of my Country in her struggle for Liberty.” {Jefferson to M. Jullien, July 23, 1818.) “He is as pure a son of Liberty as I. have ever known and of that liberty which is to go to all and not to the few or rich alone. (Thos. Jefferson to Gen. Gates, Philadelphia, February 21, 1/98.) “A great and good man—the friend of Freedom.” {J. Coxe Barnet to Jefferson, Paris. November 30, 1817.) “The one illustrious foreign name on the roster of 1776." (Hatch's Admin. Rev. Army, p. 51.) "His heroism in the field could only be equalled by his moderation and affability in private life. The soldiers idolized him for his bravery and the officers respected him for the goodness of his heart and the greatness of his mind.” (Am. Anecdotes, II, 205.) "I welcome you to the land whose liberties you had been so instrumental in establishing. No one has a higher respect and veneration for your character than I have.” (Washington, 31 August, 1997.) “If as a statesman Kosciuszko was more ardent than sagacious, he manifested a skill and daring as a soldier which but for the overwhelming nature of his task would have gained him a place among the most mourned generals of his time, while his noble and chivalrous patriotism, untainted by any desire after self-glorification, has secured his the world’s universal admiration and esteem.” (Encyl. Brittanica, XIF, p. 142.) “Kosciuszko towers above the field of conventional greatness. Studied from the beginning to the end of his career he appears without selfish ambition, without a single purpose save the welfare of his country and his kind. His record is stainless. It is safe to affirm that it is without a parallel in the annals of European military greatness. Not an act of cruelty or prejudice, not a drop of gratuitous blood attaches to his story.” (Armstrong's Heroes of Defeat, p. 598.) “A noble volunteer in the cause of Liberty in the New World and a fearjess advocate for the freedom of his native land in the Old.” ( Niles' Register, p. 514, Ed. 1876.) “A man who rendered essential personal service in the days of difficulty and danger.” (Col. Campbell, 1808.) “There is Kosciuszko’s name Might scatter fire through ice, like Hecla’s flame.” 1825, p. 377.) (N. A. Rev., April, “The memory of this renowned patriot and commander ought not to pass down the stream of time unheeded and unregarded for his devotion to the cause of Liberty in both hemispheres. He will find the noblest of all monuments in the bosoms and recollections of every freeman within the pale of the civilized portion of the globe.” (Analetic Mag.,1818-, p. 423.) 4 “There is no heart friendly to Liberty, or an admirer of virtue and talent in whom the name of Kosciuszko does not excite sentiments of interest and respect.” {Duke de Liancourt.) “One of our most genuine foreign friends.” August 5, 1812.) (Jefferson to President Madison. “The mass of our countrymen have the highest veneration and attachment to his character.” (Thomas Jefferson, November 30, 1798.) “His Revolutionary services and general devotion to the cause of Liberty have rendered him dear to this Country as one of our great Revolutionary worthies.” (Jefferson to Hon. G. IF. Campbell, Secretary of the Treasury, May 8, 1814.) “It is difficult to portray in all the brilliant light it deserves, the life and character of one so pure, so heroic and so patriotic. He was an honored member of the Cincinnati and proud of being one, for he wore on his breast the decoration of the Society in the bloodiest battles he fought for his own country. The mem­ bers of the Cincinnati should be proud of having on their rolls the name of one so true a man and soldier as that of the illustrious Kosciuszko.” (Evans' Memoirs'}) Oh, bloodiest picture in the book of Time, Samatia fell, unwept, without a crime; Found not a generous friend, a pitying foe. Strength in her arms, nor mercy in her woe! Dropped from her nerveless grasp, the shattered spear, Closed her bright eyes and curb’d her high career; Hope, for a season, bade the world farewell. And freedom shrieked as Kosciuszko fell. (Campbel!.) SENTIMENTS OF KOSCIUSZKO “We’ll conquer.” (Kosciuszko to Gates, 18 May, 1777.) “I am not actuated by interest otherwise than the ambition of signalizing myself in this war.” (Kosciuszko to Gates, 1777.) “I prefer Peace more than the greatest rank in the world.” Col. Troup, 17th January, 1778.) (Kosciuszko to “I suppose to be myself at this time more than half a Yankee.” (Kosciuszko to Gates, 3 March, 1779.) COPY OF WILL “I, Thaddeus Kosciuszko, being, just in my departure from America, do hereby declare and direct that, should I make no other testamentary disposition of my property in the United States, I hereby authorize my friend, Thomas Jefferson, to employ the whole thereof in purchasing negroes from among his own or any others, and giving them liberty in my name, in giving them an edu­ cation, in trades or otherwise, and in having them instructed, for their new condition, in the duties of morality which may make them good neighbors, good fathers or mothers, husbands or wives, and in their duties as citizens, teaching them to be defenders of their liberty and country, and of the good order of society, and in whatsoever may make them happy and useful, and I make the said Thomas Jefferson my executor of this. “5th day of May, 1798. T. KOSCIUSZKO.” �Declaration of Independence w. n in the Course of human events, it becomes necessary for one people to dissolve the .. • 1 bands which have connected them with another, and to assume among the Powers of JTr h. the sLlrate and equal station to which the Laws of Nature and of Nature’s God entitle them, a decent respect to the opinions of mankind requires that they should declare the causes which impel them to the separation. We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are en­ dowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness. That to secure these rights, Governments are instituted among Men, deriving their just powers from the consent of the governed. That whenever any Form of Govern­ ment becomes destructive of these ends, it is the Right of the People to alter or to abolish it. and to institute a new Government, laying its foundation on such principles and organizing its powers in such form, as to them shall seem most likely to effect their Safety and Happiness. Prudence, indeed, will dictate that Governments long established should not be changed for light and transient causes; and accordingly all experience hath shown, that mankind are more disposed to suffer, while evils arc sufferable, than to right themselves by abolishing the forms to which they arc accustomed. But when a long train of abuses and usurpation, pursuing in­ variably the same Object evinces a design to reduce them under absolute Despotism, it is their right, it is their duty, to throw off such Government, and to provide new Guards for their future security. Such has been the patient sufferance of these Colonies; and such is now the necessity which constrains them to alter their former Systems of Government. The history of the present King of Great Britain is a history of repeated injuries and usurpation, all having in direct object the establishment of an absolute Tyranny over these States. To prove this, let Facts be submitted to a candid world. He has refused his Assent to Laws, the most wholesome and necessary for the public good. He has forbidden his Governors to pass Laws of immediate and pressing importance, unless suspended in their operation till his Assent should be obtained; and when so suspended, he has Utterly neglected to attend to them. He has refused to pass other Laws for the accommodation of large districts of people, unless those people would relinquish the right inestimable to them and formidable to tyrants only. He has called together legislative bodies at places unusual, uncomfortable, and distant from the depository of their Public Records, for the sole purpose of fatiguing them into compliance with his measures. He has dissolved Representative Houses repeatedly, for opposing with manly firmness his invasions on the rights of the people. He has refused for a long time, after such dissolutions, to cause others to be elected; whereby the Legislative Powers, incapable of Annihilation, have returned to the People at large for their exercise; the State remaining in the mean time exposed to all the dangers of invasion from with­ out, and convulsions within. He has endeavoured to prevent the population of these States; for that purpose obstructing the Laws for Naturalization of Foreigners; refusing to pass others to encourage their migration hither, and raising the conditions of new Appropriations of Lands. He has obstructed the Administration of Justice, by refusing his Assent to Laws for establish­ ing Judiciary Powers. He has made Judges dependent on his Will alone, for the tenure of their offices, and the amount and payment of their salaries. He has erected a multitude of New Offices, and sent hither swarms of Officers to harrass our People, and eat out their substance. He has kept among us, in times of peace, Standing Armies without the Consent of our legislature. He has affected to render the Military independent of and superior to the Civil Power. He has combined with others to subject us to a jurisdiction foreign to our constitution, and unacknowledged by our laws; giving his Assent to their Acts of pretended Legislation: For quartering large bodies of armed troops among us; For protecting them, by a mock Trial, from Punishment for any Murders which they should commit on the Inhabitants of these States; For cutting off our Trade with all parts of the world: For imposing taxes on us without our Consent: For depriving us in many cases, of the benefits of Trial by Jury: I'or transporting us beyond Seas to be tried for pretended offences: For abolishing the free System of English Laws in a neighbouring Province, establishing therein an Arbitrary government, and enlarging its Boundaries so as to render it at once an ex­ ample and fit instrument for introducing the same absolute rule into these Colonies: For taking away our Charters, abolishing our most valuable Laws, and altering fundament­ ally the Form of our Governments: For suspending our own Legislatures, and declaring themselves invested with Power to legislate for us in all cases whatsoever. He has abdicated Government here, by declaring us out of his Protection and waging War against us. He has plundered our seas, ravaged our Coasts, burnt our towns, and destroyed the lives of our people. He is at this time transporting larec armies of foreign mercenaries to complete the works of death, desolation and tyranny, already begun with circumstances of Cruelty and perfidy scarcely paralleled in the most barbarous ages, and totally unworthy the head of a civilized nation. He has constrained our fellow Citizens taken Captive on the high Seas to bear Arms against their Country, to become the executioners of their Friends and Brethren, or to fall themselves by their Hands. He has excited domestic insurrection amongst us, and has endeavoured to bring on the inhabitants of our frontiers, the merciless Indian Savages, whose known rule of warfare, is an undistinguished destruction of all ages, sexes and conditions. In every stage of these Oppressions We have Petitioned for Redress in the most humble terms: Our repeated Petitions have been answered only by repeated injury. A Prince, whose character is thus marked by every act which may define a Tyrant, is unfit to be the ruler of a free People. Now have We been wanting in attention to our British brethren. We have warned them from time to time of attempts by their legislature to extend an unwarrantable jurisdiction over us. We have reminded them of the circumstances of our emigration and settlement here. We have appealed to their native justice and magnanimity, and we have conjured them by the ties of our common kindred to disavow these usurpations, which would inevitably interrupt our connections and correspondence. They too have been deaf to the voice of justice and of con­ sanguinity. We must, therefore acquiesce in the necessity, which denounces our Separation, and hold them, as we hold the rest of mankind, Enemies in War, in Peace Friends. We, therefore, the Representatives of the United States of America, in General Congress, Assembled, appealing to the Supreme Judge of the world for the rectitude of our intentions, do, in the Name, and by Authority of the good People of these Colonies, solemnly publish and declare, That these United Colonics are, and of Right ought to be Free and Independent States; that they are Absolved from all Allegience to the British Crown, and that all political connection between them and the State of Great Britain, is and ought to be totally dissolved; and that as Free and Independent States, they have full Power to levy War, conclude Peace, contract Alliances, es­ tablish Commerce, and to do all other Acts and Things which Independent States may of right do. And for the support of this Declaration, with a firm reliance on the Protection of Divine Providence, we mutually pledge to each other our Lives, our Fortunes and our Sacred Honor. 7 �President Wilson’s Fourteen Points 1. Open covenants of peace without private international understand­ ings. 2. Absolute freedom of the seas in peace or war, except as they may be closed by international action. Lincoln’s Gettysburg Speech 3. Removal of all economic barriers and establishment of equality of trade conditions among nations consenting to peace and associating themselves for its maintenance. 4. Guarantees for the reduction of national armaments to the lowest point consistent with domestic safety. Fourscore and seven years ago our fathers brought forth upon this continent a new nation, conceived in liberty, and dedicated to the proposition that all men are created equal. Now we are engaged in a great civil war, testing whether that nation, or any nation so conceived and so dedicated, can long endure. We are met on a great battle-field of that war. We have come to dedicate a portion of that field as a final resting-place for those who here gave their lives that that nation might live. It is altogether fitting and proper that we should do this. But in a larger sense we cannot dedicate, we. cannot consecrate, we cannot hallow this ground. The brave men, living and dead, who struggled here, have consecrated it far above our power to add or detract. The world will little note, nor long remember, what we say here; but it can never forget what they did here. It is for us, the living, rather to be dedicated here to the unfinished work which they who fought here have thus far so nobly advanced. It is rather for us to be here dedicated to the great task remaining before us, that from these honored dead we take increased devotion to that cause for which they gave the last full measure of devotion; that we here highly resolve that these dead shall not have died in vain; that this nation, under God, shall have a new birth of freedom, and that government of the people, by the people, and for the people, shall not perish from the earth. 5. Impartial adjustment of all colonial claims based upon the principle that the peoples concerned have equal weight with the interest of the government. EVACUATION OF RUSSIA 6. Evacuation of all Russian territory and opportunity for Russia’s political development. 7. 8. Evacuation of Belgium without any attempt to limit her sovereignty. All French territory to be freed and restored and reparation for the taking of Alsace-Lorraine. 9. Readjustment of Italy’s frontiers along clearly recognizable lines of nationality. 10. Freest opportunity for autonomous development of the peoples of Austria-Hungary. 11. Evacuation of Rumania, Serbia and Montenegro, with access to the sea for Serbia, and international guarantees of economic and political independ­ ence and territorial integrity of the Balkan states. 12. Secure sovereignty for Turkey’s portion of the Ottoman empire, but with other nationalities under Turkish rule assured security of life and op­ portunity for autonomous development, with the Dardanelles permanently opened to all nations. 13. Establishment of an independent Polish state, including territories inhabited by indisputably Polish populations, with free access to the sea and political and economic independence and territorial integrity guaranteed by international covenant. ASSOCIATION OF NATIONS 14. General association of nations under specific covenants for mutual guarantees of political independence and territorial integrity to large and small states alike. ,9 �EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE REV. FRANCIS L. KASACZUN, Chairman Vice Chairmen HIS EXCELLENCE JAN CIECHANOWSKI Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary of the Republic of Poland to the U. S. of America. Stanley J. Tyburski Vitold Stelmach Mary Porwit Mary Strojny Rev. James E. Gryczka Felix Dombrowski Dr. Joseph J. Kocyan Hon. Daniel E. Sakowski Marion Podgorski ^/Theophilus Znaniecki Marcel Burzynski Michael J. Torlinski Walter J. Piszczek Ladislaus Wywiorski HARRY S. TWAROWSKI, Treasurer STANLEY W. WARAKOMSKI, Secretary MICHAEL J. MARKIEWICZ, Assistant Secretary STANLEY E. SCHMIDT, Assistant Secretary HONORARY MEMBERS Col. Ernest G. Smith, Times-Leader Fred C Kirkendall. Jr.. Times-Leader Eugene Geiring, Wilkes-Barre Record Robert Johnson, Wilkes-Barre Record Frederick Johnson, Wilkes-Barre Record Laning Harvey Major Robert C. Miner Major Benjamin F. Evans Col. Robert M. Vail Hon. John J. Casey Thomas Heffernan, Independent John V, Heffernan, Independent John A. Hourican, Wilkes-Barre News George Williams, Telegram James Jennings, Telegram W. B. Gearheart, President Dental Association P. P. Mayock, President Physicians Association Robert A. Quinn, Susquehanna Collieries Co. Charles T. Huber, Lehigh & Wilkes-Barre Coal Co. F. E Zerbey Frank W. Wheaton, Attorney Rinaldo Cappelini, President United Mine Workers Attorney A. C Campbell Wm. B. Healey. Commander American Legion John M. Casey, President Veterans of Foreign Wars Bernard Dblinski, President Disabled Veterans Fred B. Denn, Spanish War Veterans President P. O S of A. Mrs. Raymond L. Wadhams, President D A R. Mrs. Emily Cook. President Ladies of G A. R President GAR. Edward Quinn, Grand Knight,' Knights of Columbus Patrick F. Kielty W O. Washburn Edward Martin, Auditor General of Pennsylvania Hayden Williams H. R. Hirshowitz P. A. Brown B. J. Williams J. Robert Homer George Nicholson George Wall Emil Malinowski Hon Henry A. Fuller. President Judge Hon. John M. Garman. Judge Hon Benjamin R. Jones, Judge Hon. William S. McLean, Jr , Judge Hon. Clarence D. Coughlin, Judge Hon. E. Foster Heller. President Judge Orphans Ct. Arthur H. James, District Attorney Remmel W. LaBar, Sheriff David M. Rosser, County Commissioner Ambrose West, County Commissioner Michael J. McLaughlin, County Commissioner Dr. C. Murray Turpin. Prothonotary Edmund F. Bevan, Clerk of Courts Crawford D, Smith, County Treasurer Harry T Butts, County Controller Paul Bedford. County Assessor Asa E. Lewis, Compensation Referee Stanley M. Yetter, Register of Wills Hon. Daniel L. Hart, Mayor City of Wilkes-Barre Joseph G. Schuler, Council James Gibbon, Council Chari.ES Maurer. Council Thomas Brown. Council David W. Thomas. Council Edwin B. Morgan. City Solicitor John N. Conyngham Hon. Admund N Carpenter, Member of Congress Atty. Frank P. Slattery. Pres. Chamber of Commerce Henry W. Merritt, Potentate, Irem Temple Henry C. Hhsshr, Exalted Ruler, B. P. O. E, John VaviEN, President Moose Club M A Oppenheim, President Kiwanis Club William Mannisar, President Rotary Club Howard Whiner, President Lions Club Raymond S. Davis President F. O. E. Enoch Thomas C. E. Clift C, A. Leighton F. I.. Schott C. W. I.AYCOCK J. C. Haddock A. J. Sordoni 10 11 ��m7 JJitkwki €’r>u]ntLT'uirniiiul Ijtstnriral ^mwiiir Uhinklri anti ^rngram (Srumil (Oasinnr Jlnlaski COMMITTEE REV. FRANCIS L. KASACZUN, Chairman Miss Frances Dorrance Frank L. Pinola Michael J. Torlinski Isidor Coons Albert R. Marsh Thomas Kennedy �Pulaski Sesouicentennial Celebration ^piinsylnama Jlulaskt ©psqixtrentpttnial ffirlpbrattnn 3far (Unuttiy program Hon. Arthur H. James, Lieutenant-Governor, Chairman National Anthem Rev. Paul S. Heath Invocation . Address of Welcome Hon. Daniel L. Hart Address Hon. John S. Fisher Governor of Pennsylvania Address Hon. Robert von Moschzisker Chief Justice of Pennsylvania Polish Melodies Address 109th Field Artillery Band FIis Excellency Tytus Filipotvicz Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary of the Republic of Poland to the United States Address Hon. Francois Pulaski Benediction Rt. Rev. Charles E. Goeckel National Hymn (3) �Pulaski Sesquicentennial Celebration Pulaski Sesquicentennial Celebration Art of (flnnQrrsfi (Public Resolution—No. 86—70TH Congress) (H. J. Res. 304) Joint Resolution providing for the observance and commemoration of the one hundred and fiftieth anniversary of the death of Brigadier General Casimir Pulaski, and establishing a commission to be known as the United States Pulaski Sesquicentennial Commission. Resolved by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, That there is hereby established a commission to be known as the United States Pulaski Sesquicentennial Commission (hereinafter re­ ferred to as the commission) and to be composed of Jive com­ missioners, as follows: One person to be appointed by the President of the United States, two Senators by the President of the Senate, and two Members of the House of Representa­ tives by the Speaker of the House of Representatives. Any va­ cancy in the office of a commissioner shall be filled in the same manner as the original appointment. The commissioners shall serve without compensation therefor from the United States. The commission shall select a chairman from among its mem­ bers. Section 2. The commission is authorized to arrange in co­ operation with any organization or society without cost to the United States an appropriate observance and commemoration to take place in the month of October, 1929, of the one hundred and fiftieth anniversary of the death of Brigadier General Casi­ mir Pulaski, and to participate, on behalf of the United States, in such manner as it deems advisable, in any other observance or celebration of such anniversary which may be held in the United States during the year 1929. Approved, February 16, 1929. (4) Herbert Hoover, President of the United States of America ^rnrlamattnn IBy ilje Jlrrsihrnt nf ilir Ulniteb States Whereas, October 11, 1779, marks in American history the date of the heroic death of Brigadier General Casimir Pulaski, who died from wounds received on October 9th, 1779, at the siege of Savannah, Georgia; and Whereas, October 11th, 1929, marks the one hundred and fiftieth anni­ versary of the death of General Pulaski, it is but fitting that such date should be observed and commemorated with suitable patriotic exercises; Therefore, I, Herbert Hoover, President of the United States of America, in pursuancle of the provisions of Public Resolution No. 16, Seventy-first Congress, approved June 18, 1929, do hereby invite the people of the United States of America to observe Friday, the eleventh day of October, next as the one hundred and fiftieth anniversary of the death of Brigadier General Casimir Pulaski, Revolutionary War hero, by holding such exercises and ceremonies in schools, churches, and other suitable places as may be deemed appropriate in commemoration of his death, and further, I hereby direct that on that day the flag of the United States be appropriately displayed upon all Governmental buildings in the United States. In, }yitness Whereof, I have hereunto set my hand and caused to be affixed the great seal of the United States. DONE at the City of Washington this 26th day of June, in the year of our Lord one thousand nine hundred and twenty-nine, and of the Indepen­ dence of the United States the one hundred and fifty-third. By the President: Henry L. Stimson, Secretary of State. (5) HERBERT HOOVER. �Pulaski Sesquicentennial Celebration Pulaski Sesquicentennial Celebration Art nf lift (Si’ttrral Aastniblti nf the fflonuuniuuraltli nf fTttnaulitatria (No. 364) A JOINT RESOLUTION Providing for the observance and commemoration of the one hundred and fiftieth anniver­ sary of the death of Brigadier General Casimir Pulaski, on October 11th, 1029; establishing a commission, to be known as the Pennsylvania Pulaski Sesquicentennial Commission, and desig­ nating October 11th, 1929, as General Pulaski’s Memorial Day. Whereas, On October 11th, 1929, will occur the one hundred and fiftieth anniversary of the death of Brigadier General Casimir Pulaski, Revolutionary War hero; and Whereas, The service rendered by him was of great value and assistance to the cause of American Independence, and of such high importance that on September 15th, 1777, he was appointed Brigadier General of the Continental Army and Chief of Dragoons, and on March 28th, 1778, he was designated commander of an independent corps, known as Pulaski s Legion; and Whereas, He died on October 11th, 1779, of wounds received on October 9th, 1779, at the siege of Savannah, Georgia; and Whereas, It is but fitting that proper recognition should be given to the memory of Briga­ dier General Casimir Pulaski, whose illustrious service in the war for American Independence is well known to all who are familiar with our history; therefore Section 1. Be it resolved by the Senate and House of Representatives of the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania in General Assembly met and it is hereby resolved by the authority of the same. That the Governor of the State of Pennsylvania is hereby authorized to issue a procla­ mation calling upon the State officials to display the United States Flag on the State Building, and the people of the State of Pennsylvania to display the flag at their homes, or other suit­ able places, on October Uth, 1929, in honor of the one hundred and fiftieth anniversary of the death of Brigadier General Casimir Pulaski, Revolutionary War hero. Section 2. That October 11th, 1929, shall be designated and known as General Pulaski's Memorial Day, and that the Governor of the State of Pennsylvania is urged to request its observance as provided in this resoluion. John S. Fisher, Governor Section 3. That there is hereby esablished a commission, to be known as the Pennsylvania Pulaski Sesquicentennial Commission (hereinafter referred to as the commission), and to be composed of ten commissioners, as follows: six persons to be appointed by the Governor of the State of Pennsylvania, two Senators to be appointed by the President Pro Tempore of the Sen­ ate, and two Representatives to be appointed by the Speaker of the House of Representatives of the State of Pennsylvania. The commissioners shall serve without compensation therefor from the State of Pennsylvania. 19i‘nrlamattnn Section 4. The commission is authorized to arrange an appropriate observance and com­ memoration to take place in the month of October, 1929, in the State of Pennsylvania, of the one hundred and fiftieth anniversary of the death of Brigadier General Casimir Pulaski, and to participate on behalf of the State of Pennsylvania in such manner as it deems advisable in any other observance or celebration of such anniversary which may be held in the State of Penn­ sylvania during the year of 1929. Section 5. The members of the commission appointed shall he persons of high standing and character having a known interest in suitably observing and commemorating the events connected with the death of Brigadier General Casimir Pulaski, Revolutionary War hero. The Governor may, for just cause based upon written charges specifying the alleged misconduct, remove any member of the commission, after notice to such member and a public bearing. Any vacancy caused shall be filled in the same manner as the original appointments. Section <1. When the Pennsylvania Pulaski Sesquicentennial Commission shall have finally completed such observance and commemoration of the death of Brigadier General Casimir Pu­ lask: which may be arranged for in connection therewith, the Governor, on request of the commission, shall issue an order declaring the commission dissolved. Section 7. The commission shall select a chirtnan from among its members. Approved—The 26th day of April, A. D. 1929. JOHN S. FISHER. The foregoing is a true and correct copy of Act of the General Assembly No. 304. Charles Johnson, Secretary of the Commonwealth. (6) Sg tip (finiwriuir nf tip (Cnmnunuucaltl) nf ^rmtnyluania Whereas, October 11, 1929, marks the one hundred and fiftieth anniversary of the heroic death of Brigadier General Casimir Pulaski. Revolutionary War hero, who died from wounds received on October 9, 1779, at the siege of Savannah, Georgia; and Whereas, General Pulaski won rapid promotion on September 15, 1777, to Brigadier General of the Continental Army and Chief of Dragoons, and on March 28, 1778, to Commander of an independent corps, known as Pulaski's Legion, and by his energy, ability and valor gained honor and fame by his patriotic devotion to the cause of American Independence; and Whereas, It is fitting that October 11, 1929, should be generally observed and commemorated with suitable exercises as a mark of respect to the memory of General Pulaski and in recognition of the great service he rendered the nation; Therefore, I, John S. Fisher, Governor of the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, in pur­ suance of the provisions of Joint Resolution No. 364, adopted by the General Assembly of the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania and approved by me April 26, 1929, do hereby request the people of the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania to observe Friday, the eleventh day of October, next, designated as General Pulaski’s Memorial Day, as the one hundred and fiftieth anniver­ sary of the death of Brigadier General Casimir Pulaski, Revolutionary War hero, by displaying appropriately the flag of the United States at their homes, or other suitable places, by holding such exercises and ceremonies in schools, churches, and other suitable places as may be arranged by the Pennsylvania Pulaski Sesquicentennial Commission, as may be deemed appropriate in commemoration of his death, and as may best express honor to General Pulaski and our appre­ ciation of the illustrious service rendered the nation by him during the American Revolution, and, further, I do hereby direct that on that day the flag of the United States be appropriately displayed upon all State buildings in the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania. Given under my hand and the Great Seal of the Commonwealth, at the City of Harrisburg, this fourth day of October, in the year of our Lord one thousand nine hundred and twentynine, and of the Commonwealth the one hundred and fifty-fourth. By the Governor: JOHN S. FISHER. Robert R. Lewis, Secretary of the Commonwealth. (7) �Pulaski Sesquicentennial Celebration Wgrapljiral nf 3nhn 3Hwl?rr (Snurrnnr uf tljr (Unminnnwpaltlj of ^ninsyluamu ■ OHN S FISHER was born in South Mahoning Township, Indiana I County Pennsylvania, May 25, 1867, son of Samuel Royer and Maria t-r McGaughey Fisher, and is descended from families identified with Penn­ sylvania from early colonial days. He was educated in the public schools of his home community and graduated from Indiana High School, of which he later became principal, and the Indiana State Normal School, of whose Board of Trustees he was Vice-President when elected Governor. For seven years he taught in schools of Indiana and was admitted to the Bar of Indiana‘County in August, 1893, practicing as a member of the firm of Cunningham and Fisher in various County Courts and before the Appel­ late Courts of Pennsylvania and the United States. Always an active Re­ publican, he served as County Committeeman, County Chairman, State and National Delegate. He was elected a member of the Pennsylvania Senate from the Indiana-Jefferson district in 1900 and re-elected in 1904, and in 1907 was Chairman of the Capitol Investigation Commission, which exposed frauds in connection with the furnishing of the State House. In 1919 he was appointed Commissioner of Banking of Pennsylvania and also served as a member of the Commission on Constitutional Amendment and Revision. For years he has been a member of the Pennsylvania and American Bar Associations. He was one of the leaders in organizing the good roads move­ ment in Pennsylvania. itanhxtwn Aihipteii fay tlje lEIeiwntlj Annual National dunnentinn of thi' American Ueyinn at ffimristrillr, iKenturkg “Whereas, On October 11, 1029, will occur the one hundred and fiftieth anniversary of the death of Brigadier General Casimir Pulaski, Revolutionary War hero; and “Whereas, The service rendered by him was of great value and assistance to the cause of American Independence and of such high importance that on September 15, 1777, he was appointed Brigadier General of the Continental Army and Chief of Dragoons, and on March 28, 1778, he was designated Commander of an independent corps known as Pulaski’s Legion; and “Whereas, He died on October 11, 1779, of wounds received on October 9, 1779, at the siege of Savannah, Georgia; and “Whereas, It is but fitting that proper recognition should be given to the memory of Brigadier General Casimir Pulaski, whose illustrious service in the war for American Inde­ pendence is well known to all who are familiar with our history; therefore “Section 1. Be it resolved by the Eleventh National Convention American Legion in the City of Louisville, State of Kentucky, that the Commander is hereby authorized to issue a proclamation calling upon posts of the American Legion to observe the anniversary in some suitable manner on October 11, 1929, or thereabouts, in honor of the one hundred and fiftieth anniversary of the death of Brigadier General Casimir Pulaski, Revolutionary War hero. “Section 2. That the Convention in session, pause for a minute of silent tribute in mem­ ory to pay its respect to the Revolutionary War hero. Brigadier General Casimir Pulaski." PAUL V. McNUTT, National Commander. Following his election as Governor of Pennsylvania in 1926, he retired from all business connections and trusteeships. He was inaugurated Gov . nor, January 18, 1927. The degree of Doctor of Laws was conferred on the Governor by L: ; • ette, Franklin and Marshall, Westminster, and Juniata Colleges, and Tei. University, University of Pennsylvania, and Pennsylvania Military College. Governor Fisher is a member of the United Presbyterian Church of Indiana. In 1893, he married Hapsie Miller of Indiana and has two children, Robert M. Fisher, a member of the Indiana County Bar, and Mrs. Mary risher Brown, of Haverford. Mrs. Fisher died January 17, 1922. |3rnrlamattnn uf tljc $i?misyluattia Qryartminit uf Up Auwriran IGcgiutt “Because, on October 11, 1929, recurs the anniversary of tile death of that gallant soldier, General Casimir Pulaski, who died from wounds received two days before in the siege of Savan­ nah, Georgia; and "Because, through your services to our nation you are privileged to claim kinship with all those who fought for liberty and fashioned this glorious Republic; JJmnsyluaiiia Julaski Brnqutmiteiinial (Onmmtemmt HON. LANING HARVEY, Wilkes-Barre, Chairman MICHAEL J. TORLINSKI, Wilkes-Barre, Secretary Mrs. Mary Allen Caley, Philadelphia Mrs. Anthony Wayne Cook, Cooksburg Hon. Wm. F. Stadtlander, Pittsburgh Hon. Robert D. Heaton, Ashland (8) Hon. Frank M. Wallace, Erie Hon. Martin Memolo, Old Forge John L. Walker, Pittsburgh Frank A. Piekarski, Pittsburgh "Therefore, I, Frank Pinola, Department Commander of the American Legion of Pennsyl­ vania, deeming it fit and proper, do hereby invite you, the members of the American Legion, and through you all the men and women who participated in the World War, to join with the rest of the people of our country in observing Friday, the 11th day of October, next, as the one hundred and fiftieth anniversary of the death of General Pulaski, courageous, intrepid hero of the Revolutionary War, by manifestations worthy of his bravery and genius, and especially do I urge you to participate in the commemoration officially sponsored by the State of Pennsyb vania to be held on October 12th, 1929, at Wilkes-Barre, in the Wyoming Valley, which gave to our country that never-ending source of patriotic devotion—the Battle of Wyoming. “FRANK L. PINOLA. "By the Department Commander: "James J. Deighan, “Department Adjutant." (9) �Pulaski Sesquicentennial Celebration ®piwral (ffuBtmir Antrrira iRi’inilutiiinary tffi?rn anil Sfnuniter nf Atnmran (Caualry History HE struggle of the thirteen colonies of America in 1776 for their independence from the mother country, brought to our T shores many lovers of liberty and freedom, who offered their services to the United States, among them the gallant Poles, Count Casimir Pulaski, the Chief of the Confederation de Bar, and Thaddeus Kosciuszko, the engineer and military technician, just from their own struggles in defense of the liberties of their native land; Count Von Steuben, Baron De Kalb, and the Mar­ quis de LaFayette. They all came to our country to battle for the right and to aid us to gain our independence. Their mili­ tary services are deeply enshrined in our hearts and their names are forever linked with the land they helped to free. But Count Pulaski had come to America with a halo of romance and was a tower of strength in the field. No general evoked from his troops more heroism than did the noble Pole. Lafayette referred to Pulaski as “one of the most devoted patriots and worthy sol­ diers in the cause and service of the United States. For this he gloriously laid down his life.” Count Casimir Pulaski was born in Podolia, Poland, on March 4, 1748. He became interested in military affairs before he reached his majority, and served in the guard of Duke Charles of Courland before he reached the age of twenty. He and his father pledged their time and fortunes and lives to the accomplishing of the redemption of Poland. He carried on a partisan of warfare after his father had died, and in 1769 raised a revolt in Lithuania. He finally forced the Russians to with­ draw from the fortified monastery of Czestochowa, to which he had been driven, and took an active part in forcing them across the Vistula. in General Casimir Pulaski Continental Army Uniform (io) It is not necessary to relate the exploits he had in Poland traversing in all directions the territory of the Republic at the head of a small troupe of cavaliers, who spread terror among the invaders, except to mention that subsequent unfortunate events caused him to leave his native land. Nor is it necessary to relate his wanderings in Turkey after his forced exile, other than that he left that country when the Sultan refused to aid him. He then removed to France in 1775. (ii) �Pulaski Sesquicentennial Celebration Tn the French capital he was inspired with the desire to continue his battle for human freedom this time in a strange country and against a new foe. Brought into contact with Silas Deane and Benjamin Franklin, he eagerly expressed the desire to enter the American service. As Henry Williams said at the laving of the cornerstone of the Savannah monument to Pulaski in 1853 • “It stirred the heart of Pulaski like the voice of a bat­ tle trumpet. It was a struggle for liberty. It was his cause who­ ever the people and wherever the scene of conflict. A year passed before arrangements could be perfected. With LieutenantColonel Kotkowski, another Polish patriot, he sailed for America in June, 1777. Franklin, under date of May 29, 1777, wrote to General Washington as follows: “Count Pulaski of Poland, an officer famous throughout Europe for his bravery and conduct in defense of liberties of his country against the three great in­ vading powers of Russia, Austria and Prussia, will have the honor of delivering this into Your Excellency’s hands. The Court here have encouraged and promoted his voyage from an opinion that he may be highly useful to our service. Mr. Deane has written so fully concerning him that I need not enlarge, and I add my wishes, that he may find in our armies under Your Excellency occasions of distinguishing himself.” Pulaski landed from the state brigantine “Massachusetts” at Marblehead on July 23, 1777, forty-four days from Nantes, France. It was not likely that more than a few knew of his desperate struggles of years for Polish independence from for­ eign domination. The letters he brought emphasized his mer­ its. The knightly and unconouerab’e soul that spoke from eyes that are told as “flashing with enthusiasm,” his soldierly bear­ ing, his still youthful ardor, his eagerness for action,—these were a stronger endorsement and appeal than the lines that Franklin and Deane had penned. When Pulaski first met Washington, the American cause had just recovered from one of its calamitous periods of depres­ sion. New York had been lost the year before. The American army had been worsted by its foes and reduced by desertions and expirations of enlistments until the force under Washing­ ton at one time hardly reached 3 500 in all. The British forces under Howe numbered over 30,000 thoroughly equipped and abundantly supplied. It was in mid-August, and these were the military conditions when Pulaski reached the American head­ quarters at Neshaminy Falls, some thirty miles from Philadel- PiiioJv-^t88^311 a month after he had landed in New England, wJSLt ?resL"t?d his letters, had held conferences with g n at sufficient length to convince the American Com­ (12) Pulaski Sesquicentennial Celebration mander-in-Chief that here was one of the foreigners who came with high motives and whose genuine ability, experience and character could be used to undoubted advantage. Washington accepted him without reserve and added his own recommenda­ tion to those he had brought from France, in a letter dated at his camp August 21, 1777, to George Clymer, a signer of the Dec­ laration of Independence, and one of the Pennsylvania dele­ gates in the Congress then in session at Philadelphia: “I have the honoi' to introduce to you Count Pulaski of Poland, who will visit Philadelphia to solicit of Congress a command in our Army. I sometime ago had a letter from our mutual friend Mr. Deane speaking in terms equally favorable to the character and mili­ tary abilities of this gentleman thus doubly recommended to your notice. You will be pleased, I am sure, to show him all courtesy and promote his views to the extent of your power.” The cavalry had received but scant attention when Pulaski sought a commission from Congress. Four days after Washing­ ton had commended him to Clymer by letter, Pulaski had con­ ferred in Philadelphia with John Hancock, president of the Con­ gress, and presented to him a plan for a corps of 200 mounted men. As this is his first document in connection with his service in this country, and shows the struggle he had with the English language, it is herein given as of special interest. In a tabular statement he detailed the composition and equipment of the corps. The following is his first letter: “Philadelphia, 25 Aust, 1777 Ans. “I have dought it not my duty to stay here any longer, in­ asmuch as I have heard: that his Exy Genl. Washinkton is gon to meet the Enemy; wherefore, I will go to the Army, it is, I can not do much, but Hover (However) I wish to show my good will. I depent upon his Exelly and leef him my memorials. I shal sent to France for every artical necessary and Congress will to me advancing of money, of it I will waght for a Swift and decisive Answer. If On is possible before that I shall get or obtain a Commission, by which I may not stand unter any other command as outer General Washinkton in such a case I shall think it my indispensible Duty, to Exert myself to the utmost in my Power, this is the substange concerning my Afars. But your Favour to uptain I atest my greatest Desire and Respect by which I remain your Excelency’s Most Opitient Humble Servt. “Cr. Pulaski.” The one outstanding fact in this first Pulaski’s letter is his eagerness for active service. Washington had gone to meet the enemy, therefore to the army Pulaski would go at once. He was modest in what he could do, but would show his good will. He (i3) �Pulaski Sesquicentennial Celebration Pulaski Savannah Monument Savannah's Memorial to Count Casimir Pulaski, mortally wounded while leading his legion in the assatdt on the British defenses at Savannah on October 9, 1779. This monument is the work, of Robert E. Launitz, a Polish-American artist, who also designed the monument to General George H. Thomas, at Troy, IV. Y. The cornerstone was originally laid tn Chip­ pewa Square by Lafayette on his visit in 1825, and was removed to Monterey Square and. made the lower cornerstone of the two, which were laid on October 11, 1853. The monu­ ment was completed the following year. The funds were secured through a lottery authorized by the State Legislature. In his address, the orator of the cornerstone laying, Henry Williams, Esq., referred to Pulaski as "That heroic son of Poland, that worshipper of liberty and martyr in her cause; that friend and fellow soldier of Washington, the noble and chivalrous Pulaski" (l4) desires to serve only under Washington. Speedily he is at the headquarters of the commander, now maneuvering to face to the best advantage the oncoming British Army. Two days after Pulaski had given Hancock his plan for a mounted corps, Wash­ ington also wrote to Hancock recommending the creation of a corps of cavalry with Pulaski in command. But before the let­ ters could be considered by Congress, Pulaski, two weeks later, on September 11, was to receive his first baptism of fire on American soil at the Battle of Brandywine, and by his valor smoothed the path to Congressional action along the lines Wash­ ington intimated. Pulaski held no command at Brandywine. Joining Wash­ ington, he had simply become one of his military family await­ ing assignment. He had no rank or position of any character. Howe, with 20,000 troops, had landed at the head of Chesa­ peake Bay, and was marching to capture Philadelphia. Wash­ ington drew his 10,000 poorly equipped and poorly trained men across the British advance, with the Brandywine between him and the British front. While a portion of the British army made a fierce frontal attack, Howe and Cornwallis moved sufficiently up the stream to escape detection, crossed it with a large por­ tion of the army and flanking the Americans struck a decisive blow that routed one wing and forced Washington to retreat. The absence of a mounted force had again made it impossible for Washington to obtain reliable and prompt information of the British movements until it was too late to effectively rear­ range his own forces. Washington at a critical point of the bat­ tle gave Pulaski command of his “own bodyguard” of thirty horse, and with his small detachment Pulaski charged the on­ coming victorious British and retarded their advance, and that later, when he directed attention to British maneuvers having for their purpose the cutting off of an avenue of retreat and the capture of the American baggage, Washington authorized him to collect as many of the scattered troops as he could and make the best use of them, and that Pulaski by so doing defeated the British object and “effectively protected our baggage and the retreat of our Army.” Historian Ramsay says, “at Brandywine, Pulaski was a thunderbolt of war ,and always sought the post of danger as the post of honor.” Four days after the battle, Con­ gress elected Pulaski “Commander of the horse, with the rank of Brigadier.” One can accurately say that Pulaski won his American commission on the field of battle. After the Battle of Brandywine, on September 16, 1777, at Warren Tavern, Pulaski saved the Army of Washington from a sudden surprise that might have proven fatal. At the head of his cavalry, while reconnoitering, he came upon a whole army of the British near Warren Tavern, harassed the enemy, thus (i5) �Pulaski Sesquicentennial Celebration Pulaski Sesquicentennial Celebration impeding their progress and hastily gave the information to Washington, who then prepared to meet the enemy. When Washington attacked the British outpost at German­ town, on October 4, 1777, General Pulaski with his cavalry silently scoured the roads to prevent observation and keep up communication between the heads of the different columns. The American troops in the engagement failed to cooperate, to move in unison, and became scattered at the instant when vic­ tory was declaring herself in their favor. They were pursued by Cornwallis with his army for five miles, and the latter en­ gaged in skirmishes with the rear guard under Pulaski, who held back as far as he could the advancing foe, causing Corn­ wallis to give up the fight. “Resolved, That Count Pulaski retain his rank of briga­ dier in the Army of the United States, and that he raise and have command of an independent corps to consist of sixty-eight horse and two hundred foot, the horse to be armed with lances and the foot equipped in the manner of light infantry; the corps to be raised in such way and composed of such men as General Washington shall think expedient and proper, etc.” In April, 1778, General Pulaski came to Baltimore and opened a recruiting office, notice of which was duly published in the Maryland Journal and Baltimore Advertiser, Tuesday, April 14, 1778, as follows: “April 13, 1778. “Congress having resolved to raise a corps consisting of In­ fantry and Cavalry, to be commanded by General Pulaski, all those who desire to distinguish themselves in the service of their country are invited to enlist in that corps, which is established on the same principles as the Roman Legions were. The fre­ quent opportunities which the nature of the service of that corps will offer to the enterprising, brave and vigilant soldiers who shall serve in it, are motives which ought to influence those who are qualified for admission into it, to prefer it to other corps not so immediately destined to harass the enemy; and the many captures which will infallibly be made must indemnify the Le­ gionary soldiers for the hardships they must sustain, and the inconsiderable sum given for bounty, the term for their service being no longer than one year from the time that the corps shall be completed. Their dress is calculated to give a martial ap­ pearance, and to secure the soldiers against the inclemency of the weather and season. The time for action approaching those who desire to have an opportunity of distinguishing themselves in that corps, are requested to apply to Mr. de Sequid (de Segond), Captain of Pulaski’s Legion, at Mrs. Ross’s house.” Pulaski’s stay at Valley Forge, where Washington with his Army took winter quarters, was confined to a brief period from December 19th to December 31, 1777, when he received orders to march to Trenton and there establish a camp where more adequate supplies for both men and horses might be obtained and instruct and fit the men for the next campaign. There he worked on the' cavalry, assisted by Colonel Michael Kovacz, a Hungarian, who had served in the Polish Army, and prepared a manual for the use of cavalry. In the latter part of February, 1778, Pulaski left with a de­ tachment of fifty men to join General Anthony Wayne and two hundred and fifty men of the New Jersey militia, with the object of thwarting an attack which the British planned against Phila­ delphia to procure supplies. The opposing forces met at Had­ donfield, New Jersey, March 3, 1778. Pulaski at the head of his little troop of cavalry was everywhere alert, charging the enemy with spirit and effect. His own horse was shot from under him, and he personally took seven prisoners. General Wayne in his report of the battle praised Pulaski very highly, saying that he “behaved with his usual bravery.” In the months of April, May, June and July, 1778, the gal­ lant Pole mainly organized and disciplined in Baltimore an in­ dependent corps of three companies of horse, armed with lances, and three companies of infantry, a total of three hundred and thirty. “The scheme of independent legions,” says Sparks, “seems to have been first suggested by Pulaski, and it proved of the greatest importance in the subsequent operations of the war, and above all, in the southern campaigns. Lee’s and Ar­ mand’s legions were formed upon a similar plan.” The offi­ cers were almost all Europeans, chiefly Polish and French. However, still dissatisfied with the condition of the cavalry of which he was in command, and with the fact that his pleas for the reorganization and strengthening of the same did not re­ ceive proper attention, and feeling the lack of cooperation from some of his officers who did not like to be under the command of a man relatively unacquainted with English, Pulaski resigned his command in the early part of March, 1778, and asked Wash­ ington and the Continental Congress to give him leave to or­ ganize an independent corps, known later as the famous “Pu­ laski Legion.” The Continental Congress on March 28, 1778, pursuant to the request of Pulaski, adopted the following reso­ lution : While on a visit to Bethlehem, Pa., in April, 1778, where there was a branch of the Unitas Fratrum of the Hussite tradi­ tion, Pulaski asked them to make a special banner for his legion. (16) (W) �Pulaski Sesquicentennial Celebration This was done, and the banner delivered about May. Longfel­ low has immortalized the making and presenting of the banner in his “Hymn of the Moravian Nuns at the Consecration of Pu­ laski’s Banner,” but according to information contained in Penn­ sylvania Archives (Pa. in Rev. II) and other sources, the trans­ action was simply a business affair, and the flag was paid for by Pulaski. This banner is still preserved by the Maryland Historical Society of Baltimore. Pulaski spent his own money to help equip his legion. In an address to Congress on September 17, 1778, he stated: “I have expended sixteen thousand dollars at least of my own,” and again in his memorable letter of August 19, 1779, to Con­ gress, he stated: “You cannot be ignorant that I have spend considerable more than the sum in question of my own, for the pleasure of advancing your cause, you must be sensible also that I did not come to America destitute of resources, to be a burthen on you; that I have a Letter of Credit on Mr. Morris; I have lately received Letter from my Family advising that they des­ patched 100,000 Livres ($20,000) in hard money to me should it fortunately come safe, the pleasure to me will truly great to repay you to the utmost farthing, the whole charge of my Le­ gion.” Captain Baldesquin, his paymaster, informed Congress that Pulaski had “laid out for the Legion at least $50,000 of his own money.” It was not until fall that the Legion was actually ordered to take the field and its first operations were at Egg Harbor, New Jersey, where it was sent to protect an American Privateer Base. Here, on October 15th, the infantry of the Legion was surprised by the British, and Lieutenant-Colonel Baron de Bose, a Pole, was killed. Pulaski with his cavalry rescued the infan­ try and drove back the invaders. In November the Legion was sent to the region of Minisink in New Jersey to guard the fron­ tier against raids by Tories and Indians, but the cavalry was useless for this purpose and was ordered back to Delaware. Continental Congress at the Time o/ His Death in 1779. In pursuance to the resolution of February 2, 1779, of Con­ gress that he march south, Pulaski with part of his force reached Charleston on May 8th. Three days later the remainder of the legion arrived. On his way to Charleston, Pulaski heard that General Provost of the British forces was coming up from Georgia. On the 11th the latter crossed the Ashley River at the head of 900 men, and scarcely had he landed when Pulaski made an assault upon the advance lines. He kept up a sharp skirmish, but was finally forced to retreat on account of the superior numbers of the enemy. He then planned on drawing the enemy into an ambuscade, but his infantry, eager to get into action, gave his strategy away. Sparks says: “His coolness, courage, (18) (i9) Equestrian Monument to Pulaski in Washington, D. C. Erected by the yjth United States Congress in 1910, Pursuant to a Resolution Passed by the �Pulaski Sesquicentennial Celebration and disregard of personal danger were conspicuous throughout the encounter, and the example of this prompt and bold attack had great influence in raising the spirits of the people and in­ spiring the confidence of the inexperienced troops then assem­ bled in the city.” Pulaski by appearing before the Governor and Council of Charleston, who were ready to capitulate and surrender the city to the British, by his plea and advice, ably assisted by General Moultrie and Colonel Laurens, persuaded them to reject any offer of submission, and the same night General Provost, who had heard that General Lincoln was marching to Charleston with 4.000 men, retreated across the river. Savannah, Ga., was a stronghold of the British, and it was the intention of General Lincoln to besiege the city and drive the enemy away. On the 3rd of September, he received infor­ mation that Count d’Estaing was off the coast with a large fleet and that he would join General Lincoln in an attack upon the city. The latter left Charleston with his army for Savannah, and Count Pulaski and General McIntosh were sent ahead of the main army to attack and harass the British outposts. Pu­ laski dispersed a detachment of British at Ebenezer with his dragoons, and likewise was sent by General Lincoln to attack a party of the British that had come up the Ogechee River and landed below the ferry. He suddenly fell upon the enemy, forcing them to retreat and taking a number of prisoners. The armies of the French under d’Estaing and the Ameri­ can forces came together at Savannah about the 16th of Sep­ tember. A siege was begun, but the enemy was strongly en­ trenched and refused to give ground. Finally, becoming weary of the prolonged siege and fearing for the safety of his vessels, Count d’Estaing requested that the city be attacked by storm. General Lincoln consented to this plan with some hesitation, believing that if the siege were kept up the enemy would be forced to surrender or to evacuate the city. On October 9th, the order was given out that the ram­ parts of the British were to be taken by storm. The plan of the assault had been carefully gone over, and orders were issued as to the manner of attack and the points to be assailed. The cavalry of the French and Americans was under the command of Pulaski, and he was to charge the embattlements, following up the infantry, who were to storm the right of the British lines. The attack was made as planned as to time and the center of attack, but a soldier who deserted the American forces after the scheme and order were given out, informed the enemy, who massed their troops at the points of expected attack, and by a (20) Pulaski Sesquicentennial Celebration deadly, galling fire, repulsed the assailants. Count d’Estaing, instead of attacking, endeavored to cross directly over a swamp. He was caught between a deadly cross-fire and havoc was wrought among his men. Pulaski, seeing the apparent confusion and realizing that all was not well, drove up at the head of his cavalry to where the French were, to reinforce and encourage them, thinking that he might be able to get to the rear of the enemy through some opening. Dashing madly ahead into a withering flame of shot and shell, he himself was struck in the groin by a swivel shot, and fell from his horse mortally wounded, to be picked up later and carried away. Count d’Estaing was also wounded. Pulaski was carried away by his soldiers and placed on the American brig Wasp, and put under the care of skilled French surgeons, who vainly endeavored to remove the bullet and save him. Gangrene had set in, and the stench from his wound was so bad that he was deposited in a watery grave on the 11th day of October, 1779, at the age of 31 years. When the Wasp pulled into the harbor of Charleston with her flag flying at half mast and it became known that the gal­ lant Pulaski was dead, the city took on an aspect of general mourning. The Governor, the Council of the State and the citizens united to pay tribute to their youthful defender, who shortly before, by his bravery and advice, had saved them from an ignominious surrender. Resolutions were passed, public cere­ monies were held, and a day was designated for the holding of his funeral obsequies. Three French and three American offi­ cers carried his bier, with all the trappings, armor and dress that he wore. The procession was large and imposing, and a chaplain of the army delivered a fervid eulogy over the de­ parted officer. Congress, on being apprised of Pulaski’s death, resolved “that a monument be erected to the memory of Briga­ dier Count Pulaski.” Thus ended the brilliant career of the illustrious and gal­ lant officer, a heroic figure on two continents, who had written to Colonel R. H. Lee on August 13, 1778: “Honor and a true desire of distinguishing myself in defense of Liberty was the only motive which fired my breast for the cause of the United States,” and who had written to Congress on September 17, 1778: “I am a Republican whom the love of glory and the honor of supporting the Liberty of the Union drew hither.” The citizens of Savannah, Ga., erected a monument to the memory of Pulaski in Monterey Square, which was completed in 1854. The resolution of the Continental Congress providing that a monument be erected to his memory was not carried out (21) �Pulaski Sesquicentennial Celebration until 1910. when the 57th Congress of the United States profor the erection of a bronze equestrian statue m Washinstodnfat a cost of $50,000. This monument, together with one erfcted by the Polish National Alliance of America in memory of Thaddeus Kosciuszko, was unveiled during the month of May, 1910. The Honorable A. L. Brick, who appeared before the Com­ mittee in Congress urging the erection of the monument in Washington, said: “Pulaski died as he had lived, a noble and undaunted war­ rior fighting the battles of Liberty and of the Republic ... He sacrificed himself, all the years of his young life, his fortune, his ancestral dignity, his lofty spirit, his splendid genius, and all his earthly hopes for Liberty, Justice and Humanity. For these things he gave all he had—his martyred life. In the American Military Biography containing the lives and characters of the officers of the Revolution who distin­ guished themselves in achieving our national independence, the author says: “Perhaps a braver man than Pulaski never drew a sword,” and in describing his death at Savannah: “Thus fell, in a most bold and daring achievement, the distinguished Polish patriot and hero, in the cause of American Liberty; his mem­ ory is entitled to our veneration, as his life forms an item in the price of our independence.” Thus ended the life of one who was the incarnation of the best traditions of Polish chivalry. He shared its virtues and its weaknesses. Proud and unyielding, patriotic and unselfish, he formed a worthy member of the gallant band of men who came to help America in the Revolution, and there was none who de­ serve a higher rank in the minds and hearts of the American people. His was the spirit of the Poles who saved Europe with Sobieski, who fought on so many battlefields for freedom, and in these days of upheaval the patriotic career of Pulaski, with his willingness to sacrifice his life for his ideals, must deserve mention. No finer tribute can be paid than the remark of the King of Poland on hearing of his death: “Pulaski died as he lived, a hero but an enemy of kings.” He fought and died for liberty, but he united with it a firm sense of his personal dignity and obligations, and by his fearless advocacy of his code of all lands and of all epochs. It is only proper and just that America and a grateful enJoying the blessings of liberty, peace and prosperity should on October 11th of this year recall the life of this great man and pay tribute to his valor and chivalry on the 150th anni­ versary of his untimely death. Pulaski Sesquicentennial Celebration tfiis Sxrdlntnj, ayins ^ttttinj itxtranriiiuary anil fHituster $lBittpnirntiary uf ^ulaith tn the ihuteii States uf Anwrira R. TYTUS FILIPOWICZ is a graduate of the Mining Engineering School in Dabrowa, Poland, and of the School of Political Science in London. From his student days he was a social and political worker. In 1911-13 he was a lecturer of history in the Cracow School of Political Science. In 1914 he published, in English, “Confidential Documents of the British Government Relating to the Insurrection of Poland: 1863.” In May, 1915, he enlisted in the Legions of Marshal Pilsudski and was in active mili­ tary service for two years. He entered the Polish diplomatic service in 1917, and in May of the same year was appointed assistant representative of Poland in Vienna. From November 12, 1918, he was Acting Minister of Foreign Affairs in Warsaw, and subsequently was appointed Undersecretary of For­ eign Affairs. During the Peace Conference in Paris he was a member of Poland’s delegation. In 1918 was appointed chief of a special diplomatic mission to the Southern Caucasus, was imprisoned by the Soviet authorities and remained eight months in the hands of the Russian “Tcheka.” In 1921 he was appointed Counselor of the Polish Embassy in Paris and later in the same year Polish Minister in Moscow. In October, 1922, appointed Minister of Poland in Helsingfors, and remained there until his appointment as Min­ ister in Brussels in September, 1927. Author of several books in Polish on political subjects. Appointed special ambassador for the period of the principal Pulaski celebration. M (23) �Pttt.aski Sesouicentennial Celebration Pulaski Sesquicentennial Celebration Hutt. iRnbwi innt liHnsrli^iskrr Major 3Fraitrnis ^nlaski Chirf Sustire nf tin’ (Eumnuuuucaltlj uf ^rimsgluaitia OBERT VON MOSCHZISKER was born in Philadelphia on March 6, 1870. His parents were Dr. Frank A. von Moschzisker, a native oi Poland, who married Miss Clara Harrison, an American, with several generations of progenitors in this country. During the political uprisings oi 1848, his father, who at that time was an officer in the Austrian Army, joined the Hungarian forces under Kossuth; he was taken prisoner of war, but es­ caped to England, where he became a professor in King’s College, London; afterwards he studied medicine on the Continent, and later came to America and practiced his profession. Dr. von Moschzisker was a man of broad gen­ eral culture, and the author of several books. Both of Robert von Mosehzisker’s parents died when he was a boy. The lad received his early educa­ tion in the public schools, continuing his studies under private tutors and through indiivdual effort. When but thrteen, he was obliged to earn a livelihood and, even at that age, having an ambition to become a lawyer, entered the office of the late Edward Shippen, Esquire, of Philadelphia, with whom he subsequently studied law; upon admission to the bar, on June 1896, he became associated with that well-known lawyer, and achieved marked success as a practitioner. In January, 1902, he was appointed Third Assistant District Attorney of Philadelphia County, and later advanced to the position of Second Assistant, then to First Assistant. He was selected a judge of the Court of Common Pleas No. 3 of Philadelphia County in Novmeber, 19403; a justice of the Supreme Court of Pennsylvania in Novem­ ber, 1909, and on January 3, 1921, became Chief Justice of Pennsylvania. R (24) RANCOIS PULASKI is a lineal descendant of a brother of Count Casimir Pulaski, American Revolutionary general, who was killed at the siege of Savannah. He was born in the year 1875 in Poland; is a very highly edu­ cated man Polish historian, delegate of the Polish Academy of Science, former Minister of Poland in Washington, D. C., and president of the Council of State of the Republic of Poland in the year 1918. In 1910 he was invited by the Government of the United States to take part in the celebration of the dedication of the monument of Casimir Pulaski in Washington by the Ameri­ can Historical Association, Washington, D. C. He was appointed by the Gov­ ernment of the Republic of Poland as Minister and Special Envoy, at the head of a Commission to participate in the national celebration in the United States of the 150th anniversary of the death of General Casimir Pulaski. F (25) �gnuiBgluanta ^ulaski grsquirrniranial ffiummittrr for few (Ununty William S’. WdEratt, (Sfitrral (^airman BENJAMIN F. EVANS, Secretary Vice Chairmen WM. H. CONYNGHAM, M. J. TORLINSKI, GILBERT S. McCLINTOCK Col. Stephen Elliott Hon. Wm. H. Gillespie H. H. Zeiser A. C. Cope Miss Frances Dorrance Rev. J. E. Gryczka Rev. Francis Kasaczun Hon. Laning Harvey Maj. Benjamin F. Evans PARADE COMMITTEE Maj. Robert C. Miner, Chairman Col. Stephen Elliott, Grand Marshal Maj. William A. Clark Ladialaus Wywiorski - Mrs. F. J. Krych Leonard B. Morgan • Mrs. Mary Porwit Joseph Schneider Rev. Ben Paukstis William B. Healey S. W. Warakomski 1 Joseph F. Lester August Grebe M. Bochinski . Stanley B. Janowski John MacLuskie Valentine Piszczek J. Russel Taylor Adam Olszewski DECORATION COMMITTEE Col. Thomas H. Atherton, Chairman Edwin B. Morgan Carlton P. Hershey EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE Hon. Andrew J. Sordoni William B. Healey Mrs. R. L. Wadhams Col. Robert M. Vail Col. Ernest G. Smith Mrs. E. K. Conrad Maj. Robert C. Miner J. H. Doughty Hon. C. Murray Turpin Elias Cohen George Nicholson Emil Malinowski Frank L. Pinola Mrs. Mary Porwit John Boylan M. J. Torlinski Rev. J. J. O’Leary Asa Lewis BROADCASTING COMMITTEE Fred Herman, Chairman SERVICE CLUB COMMITTEE Asa E. Lewis RECEPTION COMMITTEE Hon. Laning Harvey FINANCE COMMITTEE t Rev. J. J. Kowalewski, Chairman H. S. Twarowski, Treasurer Jonathan R. Davis Benjamin Rydzewski S. J. Tyburski Edward L. Lewith Homei1 R. Mallow Dr. J. J. Kocyan P. F. Kielty ARMORY AND GROUNDS COMMITTEE Charles H. Maurer, Chairman Maj. William H. Smith Thomas Phillips COMMITTEE ON CITY SCHOOLS H. H. Zeiser PUBLICITY COMMITTEE Elias Cohen, Chairman Eugene F. Giering Robert Johnson Leon Wazeter Fred C. Kirkendall, Jr. John A. Hourigan Stanley E. Schmidt Thomas F. Heffernan Thomas F. Phillips Peter Bielarski PROGRAM COMMITTEE Rev. Francis L. Kasaczun, Chairman Miss Frances Dorrance - M. J. Torlinski Albert H. Marsh Frank L. Pinola Isidor Coons Thomas Kennedy BADGE COMMITTEE Rev. J. E. Gryczka, Chairman Mrs. R. L. Wadhams MUNICIPALITY COMMITTEE Hon. W. H. Gillespie, Chairman Hon. Daniel L. Hart H- Mazel John MacGuffie William E. Smith ; Daniel F. Sakowski Harry E. Jones E. T. Rozelle G. Murray Roat (26) COMMITTEE ON COUNTY SCHOOLS Patrick T. Kane A. C. Cope Miss Frances Dorrance L. R. Holcomb 4, 2, 5. PATRIOTIC SOCIETIES Hon. C. Murray Turpin Mrs. Bayard Hand Mrs. R. L. Wadhams Stanley M. Yetter Fred W. Ellis MILITARY SOCIETIES G. A. R.—Lorenzo Whitney Veterans of Foreign Wars—Fred Newman United Spanish War Veterans—Erskine Solomon American Legion—Francis P. McDermott Disabled American War Veterans—Rev. J. J. O’Leary. AUTOMOBILE COMMITTEE P. G. Rimmer (27) �Pulaski Sesquicentennial Celebration Slmptinn ffinmmittrr HON. LANING HARVEY, Chairman \ Ladislaus Wywiorski Hon. Henry A. Fuller Charles N. Loveland James J. Grick Thomas Kennedy Fred M. Kirby John MacLuskie Judge Wm. S. McLean Ross Lloyd William McGuire Hon. Benjamin R. Jones John Kehoe James Mundy Hon. Clarence D. Coughlinlsaac P. Hand Rev. P. Kopicki Hon. John S. Fine Leonard E. Morgan 'Homer R. Mallow Hon. W. Alfred ValentineRev. S. A. Dreiei* Rev. J. Pilny Henry Weigand Hon. E. Foster Heller Hon. Frank W. Wheaton Hon. Lorenzo Thomas John N. Conyngham William Multer Hon. Andrew M. Freas fRev. J. E. Gryczka Julius Stern Charles F. Mack Hon. Arthur H. James David Randall Hon. C. Murray Turpin Samuel Nicholson F. E. Parkhurst Hon. Andrew Sordoni ' Rev. P. B. Pauxtis Nathan Meyer Harold P. Rust Charles W. Laycock Leo W. Long Harry Zeiser Col. Stephen Elliott Rev. J. J. Kowalewski Lt-Col. Henry Atherton Benjamin F. Williams Joseph F. Gillis William E. Mannear Col. Robert M. Vail Hon. Willard G. Shortz Rev. J. Losieniecki Rev. F. Kasaczun Joseph G. Davis Rev. Leon Willman Asa E. Lewis Stanley Drapiewski Peter G. Rimmer F. E. Zerbey Fred Stark William White John J. Galvin Col. Ernest G. Smith Hon. E. W. Carpenter Charles Gloman Miss Frances Dorrance ' Rev. A. Drogowski Thomas M. Lewis Rev. J. Podkul Richard Lewis Henry Joseph G. SchuleiGeorge R. McLean Henry W. Merritt Joseph Fela Charles F. Huber John Boylan Joseph McNamara John D. Farnham P. J. Kielty Guy Moore Franck C. Darte Hon. Daniel L. Hart Remmel LaBar Dr. Charles H. Miner Rep. Benjamin Jones Charles H. Maurer F. P. McDermott John H. Fralick Fred J. Banta George Nicholson Albert Struck Michael Gaughan M. A. Oppenheim Rev. F. X. Kurkowski Harry Jones Dorrance Reynolds William Henderson Thomas Ayres Mrs. R. L. Wadhams John V. Heffernan Edward Byorick John H. Uhl Thomas Brown Martin Bochinski David Thomas Hon. Wm. H. Gillespie Maj. Robert C. Miner Rev. C. Kryzwicki J. H. Anderson Frank L. Pinola Burgess Arthur Kearney Albert Aston Fred Stegmaier Hon. Edward Brown Rev. V. L. Biczysko Rev. A. J. Dudkiewicz Paul Bedford Joseph E. Fleitz William Maffitt Rev. J. J. O’Leary Rev. Paul Heath Harry B. Schooley Miss Ann Dorrance Rev. A. Lafaj Capt. William A. Clark Mrs. John D. Farnham Hon. Evan J. Wolfe /Rev. G. A. Bendick (28) Pulaski Sesquicentennial Celebration Evan C. Jones Anthony A. Redington ' Frank Narkiewicz William E. Smith Gomer Griffiths < C. Murray Roat Fred Leppart Robert Rozelle Felix Bolowicz Thomas Gallagher John Shea Rev. R. Wieziolowski Edward Brodzinski Stanley B. Janowski John A. Hourigan Edwin B. Morgan Thomas Brown Lewis N. Jacobs Roman Aberant J. F. Lester Dr. J. C. Kochczynski George K. Brown Mrs. John D. Davenport A. C. Cope Edmund E. Jones Ambrose Langan Frank Martz William B. Healey Rev. F. L. Flinchbaugh Hon. Asa K. DeWitt Rev. P. Niebrzydowski Fred Johnson John H. Bonin ^Stanley M. Yetter Luther M. Kniffen Hon. D. F. Sakowski Eugene C. Giering Arnott L. Jones Dr. C. C. Groblewski Hon. P. F. Joyce Dr. George Carr Maj. Benjamin F. Evans Rev. A. Lewandowski Dr. J. J. Kocyan Edward Lewith George Williams Harry Butts Fred C. Kirkendall Robert Johnson Michael Healey Michael Fender Andrew Leeson Rev. N. Sosnowski Rev. F. Dominiak Leslie Harrison James Jennings John J. Heffernan Emil Malinowski David Rosser P. J. Conway W. J. Piszczek Paul J. Schmidt Dr. Ella Summa Hon. Frank Wheaton George M. Wall Charles Rozmiarek Dr. F. J. Krajewski Alex Skurzinski Felix Pawloski Charles Sieminski T. J. Varhely Leonard Zawodniak Hon. Daniel Fell Peter Turek S. W. Warakomski Edward J. Lokuta Ulek Staskiel E. B. Mulligan Frank McGuigan J. C. Haddock Joseph Mieszkowski Mrs. M. Porwit Adam W. Olszewski Gilbert C. McClintock Maj. Alex. Mitchell A. Peter Kanjorski Jonathan R. Davis Mrs. F. J. Krych John M. Humphrey Dr. F. J. Krych Neal Chrisman Carle Sterling M. J. Torlinski Leon Wazeter Rev. L. L. Sprague Frank Wadzinski Arthur W. Nicholson S. J. Tyburski H. S. Twarowski Jlnat (JflmntatiiterB, Atnmratt Cvgtnit John McGinnis John S. Miller Frank Lutinsky Mike Cheslack Charles Kiefer Dr. John C. Lavin William C. Williams Donald 0. Coughlin David C. Vaughn Sidney Martin Ralph Ardaline J. M. Sloan Peter Turek (29) �Pulaski Sesquicentennial Celebration Pulaski Sesquicentennial Celebration il?U fHurie Qlasru Ulnlknminslta (On the 150th anniversary of his death) ^atriniir, <Uttary atiii (Eiuir ©rgamzatunts ^artiripating in tig* Karaite anb lExerrisps Society of Colonial Dames Community Welfare Federation Society of the Daughters of the American Revolution Rotary Club Kiwanis Club American Legion Grand Army of the Republic Lions Club United Spanish War Veterans Gen. H. W. Lawton Camp No. 19 Monarch Club Sons of Veterans Veterans of Foreign Wars Quota Club Patriot son of patriot sire, thy soul Still lives with us: today two worlds extol Thy service to humanity, who dared Defy a weakling King too long ensnared By scheming Catherine’s soft, persuasive power; Who at Savannah in one last great hour— Marking an epoch, pregnant with destiny— Striking to crush the force of tyranny, Taught nations how to fight for sovereignty, Taught millions how to die for liberty. Exchange Club Wyoming Valley Woman’s Club Serve-Your-City Club Disabled American War Veterans Federation of Women’s Clubs National Guard of Pennsylvania Junior Order of United American Mechanics Cambrian Club Y’s Men’s Club Patriotic Order of Sons of America Wilkes-Barre Advertising Club Girl Scouts of America Retail Merchants’ Council Boy Scouts of America Public School Children Benevolent and Protective Order of Elks Parochial School Children Polish Parishes Knights of Columbus Tatra Club The years have kept the faith: a newer day The goal has gained, and noise of war gives way To hymns of peace and hum of industry, To songs of men rejoicing to be free. Yet still we need thy spirit to inspire The sterner tasks which ways of peace require— The ugly scars of animosity, The tangled threads of new diplomacy, The test of brotherhood’s supremacy Need feel the touch of thy nobility. Warsaw and Washington have builded high The temple to thy greatness—troops file by, Proud statesmen tell thy deeds in park and square, The amaranth and white is everywhere: Along the ageless Vistula I hear The music of remembrance, far and near; And in Savannah white-robed children pass Thy monument, where reverent thousands mass To bless thy name, deep cut in Freedom’s shrine, The glory of two nations—thine and mine. Reprinted from Poland, October, 1929. (30) (3l) �^pnttswjs ■JJeunsyluauia $ulaskt ^esquireuteuuial (iMebratinu 3far Sujertw (Eiuuity ©his ^ulaslu Srfiqirirrttimnal t^isinriral Bmtuntir Snnhlrt and program is issued iuitl| the rnmpliments uf £Hr. Jrrii fltayatt Kirby Fred Morgan Kirby Lehigh Valley Coal Company Lehigh and Wilkes-Barre Coal Company Emil Malinowski Polish Union of U. S. of N. A. St. Joseph’s Parish of Hudson Polish Civic Committee Miners Bank of Wilkes-Barre Second National Bank of WilkesBarre Wyoming National Bank of Wilkes-Barre Wyoming Valley Trust Company First National Bank of WilkesBarre Wilkes-Barre Deposit and Savings Bank Wilkes-Barre Railway Company Miners Trust Company, Nanticoke Kingston Bank and Trust Company Pennsylvania Bank and Trust Company, Wilkes-Barre Dime Bank, Title and Trust Com­ pany, Wilkes-Barre First National Bank, Ashley Rev. N. Sosnowski Rev. J. E. Gryczka Rev. J. J. Kowalewski Hotel Sterling, Wilkes-Barre P. F. Kielty Pomeroy’s, Inc., Store, WilkesBarre Benesch & Sons, Wilkes-Barre Liberty State Bank and Trust Company, Wilkes-Barre Dr. J. J. Kocyan Isaac Long Store, Wilkes-Barre Polish Women’s Alliance of America, Wilkes-Barre Percy A. Brown and Company Lazarus Bros. Fowler, Dick and Walker Luzerne County Gas and Electric Company Frank Wisniewski Rev. W. Losieniecki Rev. J. Podkul John A. Riley A. Peter Kanjorski Polish Alliance of America, Ply­ mouth Walter J. Piszczek T. A. Krzywicki Joseph F. Lester Edward Brodzinski Miss Gertrude Blokus The Hub, Wilkes-Barre Anthony Zuchowski Louis Tushinski Stanley Zukowski Stanley Skocz M. J. Torlinski Joseph S. Mieszkowski Ig. Rozmarek T. J. Varhely Rev. V. L. Biczysko Janowski-Bednai- Company Frank L. Pinola D. V. Randall Wyoming Valley Cleaning and Dyeing Company People’s National Bank, Edwards­ ville Lewis and Bennett Hardware Com­ pany, Wilkes-Barre i Alex. Skurzinski i "Znaniecki Bros. Kingston Coal Company John H. Bonin Weitzenkorn & Sons Landau’s Music and Jewelry Store Felix W. Bolowicz Rev. Francis L. Kasaczun �'77^ ~ L. PRINTCRY, INC., WILKES-BARRE. «<§>» �Harvey-Kasaczun ^ECORAT/o^ REPUBLIC °EPOLAND N WITH THE OFFICERS CROSS OF THE OI^DER, POLONIA I^ESTITUTA Thursday April 23J93I HOTEL MALLOW-STEALING Wilkes-Barre, Pa. i so ' M ggw | 1 wj UNITED STATES J !| �GitattoYL The Polish Embassy., Washington, D. C., under date of July 14, 1930, addressed separate communications to Senator Laning Harvey and Rev. Francis Kasaczun, as follows: Olbrzyml rozw6j przemyslu umozliwil Police wkroczenie na miqdzynarodowe rynki. Od wielu la! duzym uznaniem wired konfrahenfow zagranicznych cieszq siq wyroby polskiego przemyslu maszynowego i chemicznego a w ostatnich latach gofowe obiekty przemyslowe. Eksportujemy do wielu krajdw Europy, Azfi i Ameryki gofowe urzqdzenia dla cukrowni, fa* bryk betonu, chlodni, odlewni, kopalni wqgla oraz sfoezni. Rosnqce wciqz zamdwlenia iwiadczq nie tylko o wiolkich mozliwoiclach polskiego przemyslu lecz fakze o doskonaloici naszej produkeji. “I take much pleasure in advising you that the President of the Republic of Poland, in appreciation of your interest in that country and your services rendered in the fostering of closer relations between Poland and the United States of America, has conferred upon you the Officer’s Cross of the Order of Polonia Restituta. “Allow me to express to you my best con­ gratulations on this occasion. ‘I am, dear sir, “Sincerely yours, ‘V. PODOSKI, "First Secretary of Embassy.” �The Order of Polonia Restituta was instituted Feb­ ruary 4, 1921, and signifies “Poland Restored.” The Officer’s Cross of the Order is awarded for services ren­ dered to the Republic and its people. It is conferred on civil and military persons. Citizens of Poland and citi­ zens of other countries are its recipients. The Order is represented by a Cross of four arms, covered with white enamel and having gold edges. In die center of the Cross on a red background is a White Eagle, according to Government regulations. Around the enamel circle in gold letters is the inscription, “Polonia Restituta.” The opposite side of the Cross is plain gold, having a red center on which appears the date “1918.” The Star of the Order is of silver with eight-cor­ nered rays, The center of the Star is white enamel and on it are the letters, “P. R'.,” in gold. The Ribbon of the Order is silk moire with white stripes. �Senator Waning SHjirveij Born in Wilkes-Barre, son of Col. William J. and Amanda Laning Harvey, and has spent his entire life in the city of his birth. Attended private schools and, after preparation at the Harry Hillman Academy, entered the Hill School, Pottstown, from which he was graduated. When Wilkes-Barre had ward representation he was elected by the residents of his ward a member of Common Council, and served until Commission Government was instituted. He was named by a Governor of Pennsylvania as a member of the State Board of Game Commissioners and served with dis­ tinction. He was named by another Governor of his State as a member of the State Board of Public Charities, and for several years energetically devoted himself to this work of public welfare. Three years ago he was nominated and elected a member of the State Senate from the Twenty-first District, and while serving at his first session was appointed by a third Governor of the State a member of the State Commission for the Observance of Pulaski Day. In this capacity he supervised the organization of State programs and took a leading part in the observance of the day at Wilkes-Barre on October 12, 1929. Senator Harvey is a Director of the Miners Bank and is President of the Wilkes-Barre Baseball Association. He is a member of several important Senate Committees, among them being Appropriations, Federal Relations, Game and Fisheries, Judicial Apportionment, Legislative Apportionment, Library, Military Affairs, Mines and Mining, Pensions and Gratuities and Public Printing. saczun Born in Scranton and attended the public and parochial schools of that city. Continued his education in colleges of France and Italy. Ordained to Priesthood in Terracina, Italy, in 1908. First charge at Glen Lyon. Transferred in 1911 to Holy Family Church, Sugar Notch, where he has spent the interven­ ing years. Father Kasaczun has been intensely interested and active in the welfare of all people. He was among the first to take up Americanization of residents speaking other than English. He supervised the transportation of 5800 women to the farms of Luzerne County during the World War. He was active in the Red Cross and Liberty Loan drives. In the influenza epidemic he supervised the organized fight of his community against disease. He was responsible for in­ ducing coal companies to improve living conditions by providing better homes. He secured the first playground for the children of Sugar Notch. Father Kasaczun has been active in the Chamber of Com­ merce. He was chairman of the St. Stanislaus Day celebration which resulted in the founding of the Orphanage at Sheatown. He was assistant chairman of the General Haller celebration, chairman of the General Kosciuszko Centennial celebration and co-operated with the General Pulaski Commission of the State of Pennsylvania. Fie was active in relief work for Poland from the start to the end of the World War. He is an active member of the Polish National Alliance, the Polish Roman Catholic Union and the Polish Union of America. �rocjram INTRODUCTION . . . ............... . . Col. Ernest G. Smith HALF GRAPEFRUIT AU MARASCHINO . .Frank P. Slattery, Esq. TOASTMASTER................. HEARTS OF CELERY ADDRESS....................... His Excellency, Gifford Pinchot, Governor of Pennsylvania TOMATO BISQUE DREYFUS DINNER ROLLS SOLO.......................................... .................. Tekla Prostko ADDRESS............................ ............. QUEEN OLIVES ROSE RADISHES SALTINES HALF BROILED MILK-FED CHICKEN CRESSENIER ADDRESS.................................. . John A. Bonin, Esq. Col. Francis Fronchak BERMUDA POTATOES PARSILLADE NEW PEAS IN BUTTER KUROKI SALAD sjr SOLO .. . ................. Mr. Gustave Chorjan FRENCH VANILLA ICE CREAM WITH ADDRESS . . AWARD OF DECORATIONS ACCEPTANCE OF AWARD ................... Hon. Arthur H. James . Dr. Mieczyslaw Marchlewski Consul General, Republic of Poland ( Senator Laning Harvey ( Rev. Francis Kasaczun CRUSHED FRESH STRAWBERRIES ASSORTED FANCY CAKES COFFEE DINNER MINTS �(Polisli-Cfynerican Gelebrcdion Gommittee For “Polonia Restituta” Decoration of Senator Laning Harvey and Rev. Francis Kasaczun General Chairmen Col. Ernest G. Smith, Joseph Mieszkowski Treasurer..................................... ........................ William J. Ruff Secretary............................. ............... George W. Williams John H. Blackman William E. Morgan John Bonin Joseph Nieznanski Leon Borkowski Adam Olszewski ZlGML’NT BrODZINSKI Dr. Joseph Piekarski Felix Dombrowski W. Rllka Joseph Fela Hon. Daniel Sakowski B. J. Figlewski K. Sieminski John C. Haddock John Slaboszewski John A. Hourican John Straub P. F. Kielty Howard Strong Dr. F. J. Krajewski Hon. C. M. Turpin J. F. Lester Stanley Tyburski E. L. Lewith John Uhl Homer Mallow Henry Weigand Gilbert C. McClintock Hayden Williams Leonard Morgan W. Wywiorski �� Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Polish Room scrapbooks Description An account of the resource A collection of scrapbooks created by the Polish Committee from the 1940s through the present day. Materials included in the scrapbooks include photographs, correspondence, pamphlets, newspaper clippings, and other ephemera on the Polish Room at E.S. Farley Library and Polish-American contributions in the Wyoming Valley. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Polish Committee Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1940s through present day. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Red Photo album scrapbook on Polish contributions and activities in America Description An account of the resource A scrapbook filled with publications, newspaper clippings, correspondence, and other materials that highlight Polish figures research in America. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Polish Room Committee Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource PDF Type The nature or genre of the resource Scrapbook https://omeka.wilkes.edu/omeka/files/original/79981d99044b39f4def15f346463bb2b.pdf b0cf90458b85b5d33f0b1abe7ae07668 PDF Text Text �' ''vWMANSCohMJTTEE :iy / 'i for the polish room ■■^A^atHilkes colleger 7/m .Wilkes-Barre* ��POLISH ARMED FORCES THROUGH THE AGES POLSKIE SILY ZBROJNE W CIAGU WIPKOw �POLISH ARMED FORCES THROUGH THE AGES THOUSAND YEARS OF THE POLISH ARMS FOREWORD Lt.-Gen. M, Kukiel, K.C.B. PAINTED BY K. Pacewicz COMPILED BY W. Dziewanowski A. Minkiewicz PUBLISHED BY “ORBIS” POLISH TRAVEL OFFICE, LTD., PUBLISHING DEPARTMENT. 61, St. James’s Street, London, S.W.l. under the auspices of the Polish Ministry of National Defence. Printed by Maxwell Love & Co. Ltd., London, N.I. �POLSKJE SILY ZBRQJNE W CIAGU WIEK0W TYSIAC LAT OREZA POLSKIEGO PRZEDMOWA : M. Kukiel, Gen. Dyw. TABLICE KOLOROWE : K. Pacewicz OPRACOWANIE HISTORYCZNE : W. Dziewanowski A. Minkiewicz NAKLADEM ORBIS ” POLISH TRAVEL OFFICE, LTD., WYDZIAL WYDAWNICZY 61, St. James’s Street, London, S.W.l. przy poparciu Ministerstwa Obrony Narodowej Druk Maxwell Love & Co. Ltd., London, N.I. �t0 0 C0*’ oi>eS' the t FOREWORD The authors of this album had their English speaking comrades-in-arms and friends close in mind. They wished to show to them the past of the Polish armed forces by reproducing the various types of soldiers, equipment and uniform in all their transmutations. This book may in fact accomplish the task of informing all those who are in­ terested in military history, equipment and uniform, about a thousand years of Poland’s military history. It has been compiled with scholarly authority and meticulous care by experts with an excellent knowledge of Polish and foreign collections and of present developments in research. Both artist and historical experts have put their whole hearts into this work. Our museums in Poland have been destroyed, looted or removed by the enemy. Exhibits of arms, armour and uniforms have been scattered or lost for ever. Those who compiled this album have had few original documents or materials at their disposal here, and little time for research. They worked mainly from memory in an earnest endeavour to consolidate the knowledge already acquired and established in Poland, and it seems to me that their memory was never at fault. Before the reader’s eyes will pass the figures of Polish warriors from the knights of Boleslaw the Brave, victors over the German host at the beginning of the Xlth century, 1 izZ ' 5 ri in th® C .nert1^ PRZEDMOWA Tw6rcy niniejszego albumu opracowali go z myslq o naszych brytyjskich towarzyszach broni i przyjaciolach. Chcieli ukazac im przeszlosc polskich Sil Zbrojnych przez odtworzenie typow zolnierskich, uzbrojenia i ubioru we wszystkich przemianach. Ksi^zka ta moze istotnie wypelnic zadanie informowania o blisko tysi^cletniej wojskowej historii Polski wszystkich, ktorych interesuje historia wojskowa, uzbrojenie, munduroznawstwo. Jest opracowana z duz^ kompetencj^ i sumiennosciq naukowQ, przy udziale ekspertow dobrze znajqeych zbiory polskie i obce i stan badan. Rzecz oczywista, ze zarowno artysta-malarz jak eksperci historyczni i wojskowi wlozyli w t$ pracq duzo zamilowania i serca. Nasze muzea w Polsce zniszczone, rozgrabione lub wywiezione przez wroga. Zabytki orqza, zbroi, ubioru rozproszone lub przepadly na zawsze. Tworcy Albumu malo mieli tutaj do dyspozycji materialu zrodlowego i malo czasu na studia. Pracowali z pamiqci z usilnym d^zeniem do utrwalenia tego, czego siq kiedys dowiedzieli, co ustalili. Wydaje mi sie, ze pami^c ich nigdy nie zawiodla. Przesunq siq przed oczyma czytelnika postacie wojownikow polskich od rycerzy Boleslawa Chrobrego, zwyciezcy nad nawal^ niemiecka w pocz^tku XI w., az do zolnierzy, lotnikow i marynarzy polskich sil zbrojnych, ktore po to ttu 7metal , Qoa F weigW ° di September 19 ,‘he i o« arms and a^covrt the Tartars, links wit Ruthenian Umon and nearer to the East. We took mail hood (misiurka), the coat o quiver, the wings attached, to the “kontusz ” (a kind of coat) and waist-coat). From Hungary we and from her equipment, dres; fte names “kopja” (lance), ' liX^” (3abre)- Already fr aI1EM°peanarmllghts' Thi “ *«■> V, Uien,115 We took eve, . hWy,° ft?6 btl toSeParatle f ah°nal �up to the soldiers, airmen and sailors of the Polish armed forces reformed in France, Great Britain and the Middle East by General Sikorski after the German invasion of Poland in 1939. Obviously there is here great variety of equipment, uniforms, colours, and every external. This heterogeneity of form is the result not only of the evolution of native or assimilated forms but also of the constant intake of foreign ones. Poland lies on the great cross-roads of Central Europe. Here winds blow from the four corners of the earth, and life is neither safe nor easy. The nation which has dwelt on these lands for a thousand years, bound and attached to them for life and death, an industrious and peace-loving nation, has in the course of its history had little acquaintance with peace, but has again and again been forced to take up arms in the defence of the country. This territory is poor in iron, so the West surpassed us in this respect. The Germans have had a superiority of weight of metal from the times of Mieszko I to the last campaign of September 1939. For a long period we took our arms and armour from the West, but then wars with the Tartars, Turks and Muscovites, the Polish-LithuanianRuthenian Union and links with Hungary brought us nearer to the East. We took from the East the Moslem mail hood (misiurka), the coat of mail (“ kolchuga ”), the quiver, the wings attached to the armour, and later on the “ kontusz ” (a kind of coat) and the “ zupan ” (a kind of waist-coat). From Hungary we took the name “ hussar and from her equipment, dress and tactics of the time, the names “ kopja ” (lance), “ koncerz ” (stocco), and “ szabla ” (sabre). Already in the XVIIIth century our light cavalry regiments were called “ uhlans ”—originally a Tartar name for knights. This name passed into almost all European armies together with the light lance and the square-cornered cap. Thus we took over some foreign forms and assimilated them so completely that they soon became something highly traditional in our national feeling, something eternal, dear and inseparable from the idea of the Polish army. zalewie Polski przez Niemcow w roku 1939 odbudowal we Francji, w Wielkiej Brytanii i na Wschodzie general Sikorski. Wielka tu oczywiscie roznosc w uzbrojenin, ubiorze, barwach, we wszystkim, co zewnqtrzne. R6znorodnosc form jest nie tylko wynikiem ewolucji form rodzimych lub przyswojonych, lecz takze ci^giej recepcji form obcych. Polska lezy na wielkim rozdrozu srodkowej Europy. Wiej^ tu wiatry z czterech stron swiata. Zycie nie jest bezpieczne i latwe. Narod zamieszkujqcy ziemiq fo od tysi^cleci, zwiqzany z niq na smierc i zycie i przywi^zany do niej, pracowity i kochaj^cy pokdj, niewiele zaznal w swych dziejach pokoju, raz po razu zmuszony w obronie ziemi chwytac za bron. Ziemia jego jest uboga w zelazo. WiQC gorowal nad nami zelazem Zachod. Gorowali Niemcy od czasow Mieszka I az do ostatniej kampanii wrzesniowej 1939. Z Zachodu bralismy przez dlugi czas or$z i zbroje. Ale przyszedl czas, gdy wojny z Tatarami, Turkami, Moskwq, unia z panstwem litewsko-ruskim i przyjazh z W^grami zblizyly nas do Wschodu. Recypo­ walismy ze Wschodu muzuhnanskiego misiurki, kolczugi, sahajdaki, skrzydla na zbroje, a pozniej kontusze i zupany. Recypowalismy z Wggier nazw§ usarii. Z jej uzbrojeniem owczesnym, ubiorem i taktykq recypowalismy nazwy : kopia, koncerz, szabla. Jeszcze w XVIII w. tatarscy rycerze dali nazwq naszym pulkom lekkiej jazdy, “ulanom”, nazw§, ktora od nas nasfopnie przeszla, wraz z lekka lanc^. i czapkq. czworok^tn^, do wszystkich prawie wojsk Europy. Recypowalismy zatem formy obce i przyswajalismy je sobie tak silnie, ze stawaly sig one rychlo w poczuciu naszego narodu czyms bardzo tradycyjnym, jakims dobrem odwiecznym, nieodlqcznym od poj^cia wojska polskiego i czyms bardzo drogim. Bo nieopisana jest milosc narodu polskiego we wszystkich jego warstwach dla swoich sil zbrojnych. Milosc ta nic nie ma wspolnego z duchem zaborczym i zamilowaniem do wojny. U zrodel jej lezy odwieczne poczucie, ze trzeba bye wei^z gotowym na walkq i smierc, azeby Polska zyla. Totez ze wszystkich swych wodzow narod polski umilowal jako bohaterow �Every class of the Polish nation has a profound affection for its armed forces. This love has nothing in common with an aggressive spirit nor with a passion for war. At its roots lies the age-old feeling that one must be constantly ready for battle and for death so that Poland may live. The Polish nation has enshrined as national heroes not so much those leaders who were the most successful as those who, in an unequal fight against superior enemy forces, gave their lives or shed their blood for their country ts freedom and the integrity of its frontiers. In them the nation saw personified its own inflexible spirit. In one of the illustrations in this book is shown the somewhat symbolic figure of a General with a wooden leg. This is General Sowinski, who was shortly afterwards bayoneted to death on a rampart which was defended to the very last, in the defence of Warsaw in 1831. ' It seems to me that the artist has succeeded in bringing out in the Polish warriors of a thousand years one common characteristic, which is their stubborn will to fight for the freedom of their people and their country, and in pre­ serving throughout a spiritual continuity. In this, too, I think that he has been faithful to historical truth. narodowych nie tyle tych, ktorzy byli najszczgsliwsi, ile tych, ktorzy w nierownej walce z przemoc^ wroga zycie swe oddali lub krew przelewali dla wolnosci ojczyzny i calosci jej granic. W nich widzial uosobienie wlasnego nieugigtego ducha. Na jednym z kartonow tego Albumu ukazuje sig jakby widmowo potraktowana postac generala o nodze drewnianej. To general Sowinski, niebawem zakluty bagnetami przy dziale bronionego do ostatniego tchu szanca. W Albumie niniejszym artysta zdolal—-jesli sig nie mylg— uwydatnic w wojownikach polskich calego tysiqclecia tg cechg wspolnq. : zacigtq wolg walki o wolnosc narodu i jego ziemig ojczystg. i zwi^zac ich wszystkich w jedna duchow^ calosc. Wydaje mi sig, ze pod tym wzglgdem rowniez wierny byl dziejowej prawdzie. „ to 1940 Polish soldie wa-l' tern*0 between i ship soon sp d haVe of Our Allies andhist0 in the thousand-year oia so, wishing to answer at one which have been asked, we < of illustrations in colour which of Polish soldiers from the 1 history down to the present da In Poland the Germans ar< monuments of Poland’s mil] ^roughness. They have CX”only a«•* “ " Pohsh Army hv o a cl°ser 'erve after oj ^lish-sr bo°k whirl, r retum t0 p , he Ths fa �POLISH ARMED FORCES THROUGH THE AGES POLSKIE SILYZBROJNE W CIAGU WIEK0W INTRODUCTION WSTEP In 1940 the fortunes of war brought a large number of Polish soldiers to British territories, where a deep friend­ ship soon sprang up between us and our chivalrous hosts. Our Allies and friends have often expressed their interest in the thousand-year-old history of the Polish Army, and so, wishing to answer at one stroke the many questions which have been asked, we decided to publish a series of illustrations in colour which might give an exact picture of Polish soldiers from the beginning of our country’s history down to the present day. In Poland the Germans are destroying all relics and monuments of Poland’s military past with particular thoroughness. They have included in their work of destruction not only exhibits from museums but also historical documents and works. Thus this album will not only contribute to a closer knowledge of the past of the Polish Army by our English-speaking friends but may also serve after our return to Poland as a sort of historical note­ book which will facilitate the research of future students of the military history of Poland. ***** There has been no urge to conquest evident in the character of the Polish nation nor in Polish policy right throughout the ages. The famous Polish military leader and writer of the sixteenth century, Hetman Jan Tarnowski, W roku 1940 losy wojny rzucily spor^ ilosc zolnierzy polskich na ziemig brytyjskq. Wgzly glgbokiej przyjazni zostaly szybko zadzierzgnigte migdzy nimi a rycerskimi gospodarzami. Nasi sojusznicy i przyjaciele nieraz sig interesowali 1000-letni^ przeszlosci^. wojska polskiego. Chcac od razu odpowiedziec na wiele stawianych pytah, zaprojektowalismy wydanie szeregu barwnych obrazkow przedstawiaj^cych mozliwie dokladnie wygl^d zolnierzy polskich od pocz^tkow dziejow pahstwa az do chwili obecnej. Niemcy ze szczegoln^. zacigtosci^. niszczq. w Polsce wszelkie zabytki dotycz^ce przeszlosci wojskowej Kraju. Zniszczeniami objgli zarowno zrodla jak i opracowania oraz zabytki rzeczowe po muzeach. Praca niniejsza ma sig wigc nie tylko przyczynic do blizszego poznania przeszlosci wojska polskiego przez naszych przyjaciol anglosaskich, ale rowniez stanowic bgdzie rodzaj notatnika historycznego, ktory po powrocie do Kraju ulatwi studia przyszlym badaczom dziejow wojskowesci w Polsce. * * * * * Nie bylo zaborczosci w charakterze Narodu Polskiego i w polskiej polityce na calej przestrzeni wiekow. Dal temu wyraz wybitny pisarz wojskowy XVI w. hetman Jan Tarnowski, mowiqc w swoim dziele “Consilium Rationis Bellicae”, iz tylko wojna obronna jest usprawiedliwiona. �bears witness in this, saying in his work, “ Consilium Rationis Bellicae,” that only a defensive war is justified. The Poles have been compelled, however, to fight almost continuously. Poland’s position on the eastern boundary of the western world, her almost total lack of natural fron­ tiers and the rapacity of her neighbours have forced the Pole to be a soldier and to spend a considerable part of his life under arms. The Polish Army has developed along parallel lines to those of the evolution of western armies, although local conditions, and especially the many years of warfare with the nations of the East—Tartars and Turks—produced certain deviations and left their own distinctive mark on tactics, equipment and dress. When, in the second half of the tenth century, Poland appeared on the historical scene as a powerful and organ­ ised State, the core of her army was formed by the ducal household guard (permanent forces similar to those of the Saxon House-Earls) which was always kept under arms, and reinforced in time of war by a general levy of all men capable of bearing arms. This army must have been powerful, since in the reign of Poland’s first historical ruler—Mieszko I—it crushed the Germans in 965 and 972 (at Cydyna) and under his great son Boleslaw the Brave it succeeded after a war lasting fourteen years in dictating peace-terms to the Germans at Bautzen (in Saxony) in 1018, and in the same year captured Kiev, capital of Ruthenia. After the Union of Poland and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania in 1386, which led to the creation of a joint PolishLithuanian-Ruthenian State, similar in some respects to the present British Commonwealth of Nations, the armed forces were divided into two parts. They were the Polish or “ Crown ” army, as it was generally known, and the “ Lithuanian ” army, with numerous Ruthenian units. This combined Polish-Lithuanian army won a memorable vic­ tory over the Germans at Grunwald in 1410. At the end of the sixteenth century Poland set up one * See footnote to Plate 5. Pomimo to Polacy zmuszeni byli walczyc niemal stale. Polozenie Polski przy wschodniej granicy swiata zachodniego, zupelny niemal brak granic naturalnych, wreszcie zaborczosc sqsiadow staly sig powodem, ze Polak musial bye zolnierzem i spqdzac znaeznq czqsc zycia z broniQ w r§ku. Wojsko polskie rozwijalo sig naogol zgodnie z ewolucjq sztuki wojennej na Zachodzie, jednakze warunki miejseowe, a w szczegolnosci wieloletnie walki z narodami Wschodu— Tatarami i Turkami—spowodowaly pewne odchylenia i wycisn§ly swoiste piqtno na taktyce, uzbrojeniu a nawet na ubiorze. Kiedy w drugiej polowie X wieku Polska wst^piia na widowniq dziejowQ, jako zorganizowane i silne pahstwo, jqdrem jej wojska byla trzymana stale pod broniq. druzyna ksiaz^ca, ktorej sily podezas wojny zwiqkszalo pospolite ruszenie wszystkich zdolnych do noszenia broni mqzczyzn. Wojsko to musialo bye potqznym, skoro za pierwszego historyeznego wladcy Polski—Mieszka I—rozbilo Niemcow w latach 965 i 972 (pod Cydyn^) oraz za jego wielkiego syna Boleslawa Chrobrego potrafilo po 14-letniej wojnie podyktowac Niemcom warunki pokoju w Budziszynie (1018) i w tym samym jeszcze roku zdobyc stolict? Rusi, Kijow. Po unii Polski z Wielkim Ksi^stwem Litewskim (1386), ktora doprowadzila do powstania wspolnej polsko-litewskoruskiej Rzeczypospolitej, pod wieloma wzgledami przypominaj^cej obeeny brytyjski “Commonwealth of Nations,” powstal podzial na wojsko polskie, zwane powszechnie “koronnym”, i wojsko “litewskie” z lieznymi skladnikami ruskimi. To mieszane wojsko polsko-litewskie odnioslo wiekopomne zwyci^stwo nad pot^g^ niemieckq pod Grunwaldem (1410). Pod koniec XVI wieku powstaje jedno z najstarszych regularnych, stalych wojsk Europy, zwane wojskiem kwarcianym, gdyz na jego utrzymanie szla czwarta cz^sc dochodow z dobr krolewskich. Wytwarzaj^ si$ swoiste polskie rodzaje broni, przede wszystkim ci^zka jazda uderzeniowa, husaria, oraz jazda lekka, zwana poez^tkowo “kozakami”, (0^ at h ar^ed vic of idp^e pon®11 and 11 f-lend^ r ' gjf <>einivVeBattle3 200 cavaW test so1^ T«ciana ® Ls Adolph of the GuSS683,whenKmg Battle of Vie»a*lbS Ottoman From the sixteenth gained fame ; this was the. or ba infantry, so called because it wa; called up from the peasant class (“lan ” was a Polish measure of 1 the “Crown” and Lithuanian distinct sections of troops of “Natior The numerous Scottish emigres of Ponstita‘ion whic?’ sfete djj. very S( Of ^^cipip . 7 f �of the oldest regular armies in Europe, known as the “Quarter-troops,” because it was maintained on the fourth part of the revenues from the royal estates. Dis­ tinctive arms of the Polish forces were built up, above all heavy shock-cavalry (Hussars) and the light cavalry, known at first as “ Cossacks ” and later as “Pancerni”.* This Polish cavalry became in the second half of the sixteenth century and in the seventeenth century the main com­ ponent of the Polish armed forces. Its charges decided battles, and it gained many victories which constitute perhaps the most splendid pages in Polish military annals, to mention only the Battle of Kircholm in 1605, when a cavalry force numbering 3,200 routed 14,000 Swedes, known as the best soldiers of the time ; the battle of Kluszyn in 1610 when the Muscovite army was routed, Trzciana in 1629 when it defeated the greatest warrior of the time, Gustavus Adolphus of Sweden ; and lastly, the Battle of Vienna in 1683, when King John Sobieski destroyed the Ottoman might. From the sixteenth century onwards the infantry too gained fame ; this was the 1 ‘ Lanowa ’5 or conscripted infantry, so called because it was composed of soldiers called up from the peasant class, one for each “Lan” (“ lan ” was a Polish measure of land). In addition, both the “ Crown ” and Lithuanian forces had completely distinct sections of troops of “National” and “Foreign” type. The numerous Scottish emigres of the XVIIth century gave Poland many good soldiers. This division lasted until the reforms of the Four Year Seym* (1788-1792), that very Seym which enacted a Constitution which was one of the most democratic in Europe at that time (the Constitution of May 3rd, 1791). The Partition of Poland made the realisation of these progressive principles impossible. But the collapse of the State did not for a moment break the resistance of the Poles, who—whenever opportunity offered—rose in arms to fight not only for their own country, but also for the idea which Seym—i.e. National Assembly corresponding to the Parliament. a potem “pancernymi” (od pancerza-kolczugi). Ta jazda polska stala sig w drugiej polowie XVI w. i w XVII w. glownq. czgsciq. skladowq. polskich sil zbrojnych. Jej to szarze rozstrzygaly bitwy, ona to odniosla wiele zwycigstw stanowi^cych bodaj najpigkniejsze karty polskich dziejow wojskowych, zeby wspomniec chocby o bitwie pod Kircholmem (1605), gdzie 3,200 takiej jazdy znioslo 14,000 Szwedow ; pod Kluszynem (1610), kiedy wojsko moskiewskie zostalo rozgromione ; pod Trzcian^ (1629), gdzie rozbila najwigkszego wojownika owych czasow Gustawa Adolfa, krola szwedzkiego ; wreszcie pod Wiedniem (1683), kiedy to Jan III Sobieski w proch rzucil potegg otomanskq.. Od XVI w. obok jazdy zaslyngla tez piechota, zwana “lanowe” lub wybranieckQ, gdyz skladala sig z zomierzy powolywanych z warstwy wlosciahskiej po jednym z kazdego lanu (miara powierzchni ziemi). Powstal poza tym, i to zarowno w wojsku koronnym jak tez i litewskim, podzial calkiem swoisty na oddzialy “narodowego” i “ cudzoziemskiego ” autoramentu. Liczna w XVII w. emigracja szkocka dala Polsce wielu dzielnych zolnierzy. Podzial ten przetrwal az do reform Sejmu Czteroletniego (1788-1792), tego samego ktory uchwalil jedna z najdemokratyczniejszych owczesnych konstytucji europejskich (3 maja 1791). Zbrodnie rozbiorow uniemozliwily urzeczywistnienie tych na wskros nowoczesnych zasad. Ale upadek pahstwa nie zlamal na chwilg oporu Polakow, ktorzy—ilekroc tylko nadarzyla sig sposobnosc—porywali za broh walcz^c nie tylko za wolnosc wlasnej ojczyzny lecz i za to haslo, ktore wypisali sobie na sztandarach : “ludzie wolni s^ sobie bracmi”. W okresie rozbiorow wojny o wolnosc prowadzone byly z Rosjq. i Prusami pod dowodztwem Kazimierza Pulaskiego (wojna z Rosje 1768-1772) i Tadeusza Kosciuszki (wojna z Rosjq. i Prusami 1792 i 1794), ktorzy przez swoj udzial w walkach o niepodleglosc Stanow Zjednoczonych Ameryki Pnc. zyskali sobie miano bohaterow tego kraju. �they inscribed on their standards—“Free men are brothers.” In the period of Partitions wars for freedom were fought against Russia and Prussia under the leadership of Casimir Pulaski (the war against Russia of 1768-1772) and Tadeusz Kosciuszko (the war with Russia and Prussia of 1792 and 1794). Both won fame in America for the part they played in the American War of Independence. In the winter of 1796 to 1797, Polish forces were formed in Italy—the Legions under General Dabrowski. The Italian Legion distinguished itself in a series of battles against the Austrians and Russians, and a Danubian Legion was also formed. In the Duchy of Warsaw created by Napoleon, Polish armies under the leadership of Prince Joseph Poniatowski conducted a victorious campaign against Prussia in the winter of 1806 to 1807 and against Austria in 1809. Certain Polish units—the Vistula Legion and the Light Horse of the Guard—actually formed part of Napoleon’s armies. The spectacular charge of the Light Horse at Somo-Sierra in 1808 became a classic example of cavalry bravura. In Polish annals this charge is covered with the same glory as the charge of the Light Brigade at Balaclava is in Britain. After the defeat of Napoleon and the setting up of the so-called Congress Kingdom (1815-1831), the Polish army retained its.separate existence. The Polish-Russian war of 1830-1831 did not by any means terminate the Poles’ fight for freedom. The Poles took up arms in the defence of their freedom against the partitioning powers in 1848 and 1863. They also fought for the freedom of others in various foreign wars and revolutions. During the first World War, Polish armies sprang up wherever opportunity permitted. Legions were formed in Poland itself, while Polish formations were raised in Russia and in the Far East, in Canada, the United States and France. After Poland had been restored, the armed forces then forming had to fight Germany and Russia. The victorious Battle of Warsaw in 1920 was called by Lord d’Abernon Na przelomie lai 1796-7 powstajQ we Wioszech polskie formacje—Legiony pod wodz^ gen. Dqbrowskiego. Legia Wioska wslawila si§ szeregiem walk przeciw Austriakom i Rosjanom, procz niej powstala tez Legia Naddunajska. W utworzonym przez Napoleona Ksi^stwie Warszawskim wojska polskie pod wodz^. ksi^cia Jdzefa Poniatowskiego przeprowadzily zwycigsk^. kampanig przeciw Prusom w zimie 1806-7 i przeciw Austrii w 1809. Pewne jednostki polskie—Legia Nadwislanska i Szwolezerowie Gwardii— wchodzily bezposrednio w sklad wojsk Napoleona. Wspaniala szarza szwolezerow pod Somo-Sierr^ (1808) ■ stala si§ klasycznym przykladem brawury kawaleryjskiej. Szarza ta w dziejach polskich jest opromieniona takQ slaw^. jak szarza pod Balaldaw^. w dziejach W. Brytanii. Po upadku Napoleona i stworzeniu tzw. Krolestwa Kongresowego (1815-1831) wojsko polskie zachowalo swojq. odr^bnosc. Wojna polsko-rosyjska w 1830-1831 nie zamkn^la bynajmniej okresu walk wyzwolenczych. O swojq. wolnosc walczyli Polacy z zaborcami w latach 1848 i 1863. Za wol­ nosc cudz^ Polacy rowniez walczyli w roznych wojnach i rewolucjach. W czasie ostatniej wojny swiatowej wojska polskie powstawaly wsz^dzie tarn, gdzie tylko byly potemu mozliwosci. Tworzyly si§ Legiony w kraju, powstawaly polskie formacje w Rosji i na Dalekim Wschodzie, w Kanadzie, Stanach Zjednoczonych i Francji. W odbudowanym panstwie sily zbrojne, f0rmuj3.ce sig dopiero, musiaiy walczyc przeciwko Niemcom i Rosji. Odniosly one zwyciQstwo pod Warszawa (1920) nazwane przez Lorda d’Abernona, w jego ksi^zce, osiemnast^. decydui^c^ bitw^ w dziejach swiata. Krotki okres pokoju przy szczuplych mozliwosciach gospodarczych kraju pozwolii tylko na ograniczon^ rozbudow^ polskich sil zbrojnych. We wrzesniu wojsko to wziglo na siebie caly ci^zar uderzenia pot^gi niemieckiej, umozliwiajq.c Sprzymierzonym spokojne przeprowadzenie mobilizacji. �in his book* the eighteenth decisive battle in the history of the world. The brief interlude of peace and the limited financial resources of the country permitted only a restricted devel­ opment of the Polish armed forces. In September 1939 this army took the whole weight of the German blitzkrieg, thus making it possible for the Allies to mobilise un­ hindered. The defeat of 1939 did not break the continuity of the Polish Armed Forces. Reorganised in France from Polish volunteers from the whole world and from Poland itself, that army took part in the Norwegian Campaign (the High­ land or Podhale Rifle Brigade), and in the Battle of France (1st Grenadier Division, 2nd Rifle Division, the Armoured Brigade, and Air Force units). After the fall of France these Polish forces were reorgan­ ised in Great Britain, where there were already some Air Force units and the Polish Navy, the latter having been there since the outbreak of the war. Independently of these troops, the Carpathian Rifle Brigade was formed in the Middle East, and took part in the fighting at Tobruk and Gazala. After the formation of the Polish army in Russia, later transferred to the Middle East, a large military force was built up there in readiness for the future. At the time of writing the Polish Armed Forces are fighting loyally beside their Allies for the realisation of eternal aims which belong to mankind as well as to Poland— ideals of true freedom, of the rule of law and democracy and of the right of all nations to decide their own fate. Their part in the common struggle, both on the field of battle and underground in Poland, is considerable, at the cost of heavy losses. The Polish Army has a history of a thousand years, and has been fighting for a thousand years for the independence and integrity of its fatherland and for the ideals of free­ dom, inscribing on its standards the traditional motto : “ FOR OUR FREEDOM AND YOURS.” * Viscount Edgar Vincent d’Abernon, “Eighteenth Decisive Battle of the World." Hodder & Stoughton, London, 1931. Klgska 1939 nie przerwala cigglosci wojska polskiego. Odtworzone we Francji z ochotnikow plynqcych z calego swiata oraz rodakow z samego kraju, polskie siiy zbrojne wzigly udzial w walkach w Norwegii (Brygada Strzelcow Podhalanskich) i w bitwie o Francje (1. Dywizja Grenadier6w, 2 Dywizja Strzelcow Pieszych, Brygada Pancerna, lotnictwo). Po klgsce Francji polskie sily zbrojne zreorganizowane zostaly na terenie Wielkiej Brytanii, gdzie juz przedtem znajdowala sig czgsc lotnictwa, a od poczgtku wojny polska marynarka wojenna. Niezaleznie od tych sil zbrojnych powstala na terenie Bliskiego Wschodu Brygada Strzelcow Karpackich, wslawiona walkami pod Tobrukiem i, Gazalq. Po sformowaniu wojska polskiego w Rosji, ktore przesunigto potem na Bliski Wschod, powstala tarn duza formacja zbrojna, gotowa do wzigcia udziaiu w dalszych walkach. Odtworzone Polskie Sily Zbrojne walczq. wiernie przy boku Sprzymierzencow o urzeczywistnienie odwiecznych idealow nie tylko polskich ale i ogolnoludzkich: prawdziwej wolnosci, panowania prawa i demokracji oraz samostanowienia nawet malych narodow o swoich losach. Udzial ich we wspolnej walce, tak jawnej—na polu bitwy, jak i podziemnej—w Kraju, jest znaczny i niestety, okupiony cigzkimi stratami. Tysi^c lat dziejow ma za sobg wojsko polskie, tysi^c lat walczylo o Niepodleglosc i calosc swej Ojczyzny oraz o idealy wolnosci, wypisuj^c na swoich sztandarach szczytne haslo : “ZA NASZ7\ WOLNOSC I WASZ4”. �X-XIth CENTURY WIEK X-XI Warrior, Duke, Mounted Warrior, Warrior. Woj pieszy, ksiaz^, woj konny, woj pieszy. The first figure is that of a foot warrior, from the general levy of all men capable of bearing arms. In his hand he holds a typical large battle-axe, of which many examples have been preserved to the present day. Pierwsza postac jest to woj pieszy, p0ch.0dz3.cy z pospolitego ruszenia wszystkich mgzczyzn zdolnych do noszenia broni. Trzyma w rgku charakterystyczny wielki topor, jakiego szereg egzemplarzy zachowal sig do dnia dzisiejszego. The second figure is a duke ; on his head is a gilt helmet of the early-Piast type, with steel ornamentation of a distinctive Polish form met nowhere else (eight such helmets have been dug up in Poland or in other territories where Poles have fought). He wears a coat-of-mail which, although it was as yet unknown in Western Europe, had already reached Poland from the East. Postac druga to ksiqzg ; na glowie ma zlocony helm wczesno-piastowski ze stalowymi ozdobami swoistego polskiego typu, nie spotykanego gdzie indziej (helmow takich wykopano na ziemiach polskich lub na szlakach, gdzie wowczas Polacy walczyli, 8 sztuk). Ubrany jest w kolczugg, ktora choc nieznana jeszcze wowczas na zachodzie Europy, doszla juz do Polski drog^ ze Wschodu. The third figure is a mounted warrior of the ducal house­ hold guards described in so much detail by Ibrahim Ibn Jacob, the Arab traveller of the Xth century. The fourth figure wears a cuirass of leather covered with iron scales, and holds a spear of the same type as that said to have belonged to St. Maurice, which is preserved in the treasury of the Wawel Cathedral in Cracow, and was offered to Boleslaw the Brave by the Emperor Otto in A.D. 1000. Postac trzecia to woj konny z druzyny ksi^zgcej, tak szczegolowo opisanej przez podroznika arabskiego z X wieku Ibrahima Ibn Jakoba. In the background is an old Slavonic castle built of wood. Tlo stanowi widok staroslowiahskiego grodu drewnianego. Postac czwarta ma na sobie pancerz ze skory pokrytej luskami zelaznymi, w rgku trzyma wlocznig tego samego typu co tzw. wlocznia Sw. Maurycego, przechowywana w skarbcu katedry wawelskiej, a ofiarowana Boleslawowi Chrobremu przez cesarza Ottona w roku 1000. ��(a) Xllth CENTURY Foot Warrior, Knight. 2 (a) WIEK XIS Woj piessy, rycerz konny. (b) XHIth CENTURY (b) WIEK XIII Knight, Foot Warrior. Rycerz, wojownik pieszy. This plate is divided into two parts, of which the first deals with the Xllth century. On the left the figure of the foot warrior is taken from an effigy on the doors of the Gniezno Cathedral which were dedicated by Boleslaw the Wry-Mouthed. The mounted figure is a knight, as shown in a sculpture on the doors of the Cathedral at Plock, which are of a slightly later date. The knight of this epoch already wears full chain-mail, but his helmet is still open and does not pro­ tect his face ; below his mail he wears a long tunic which reaches the knee. His large shield rounded at the top and finishing below in a sharp point, does not differ from those in use at this time in Western Europe. This was the appear­ ance of the Polish knighthood at the period of Boleslaw the W’ry-Mouthed’s wars with the Germans and the victory at Psie Pole (Hundsfeld in Silesia) in 1109. The background shows a Romanesque building. The second half of this plate shows a knight and foot warrior of about the year 1240. The first figure, a mounted knight, is also clad in full chain-mail, but wears a closed helmet which protects the entire face. Instead of a tunic underneath his mail he wears a surcoat. The shield—fairly small and three-cornered, bears the owner’s crest. The horse is caparisoned. This figure is taken from old seals. The foot warrior is armed with various weapons known from the archaeological discoveries of this time. This was the appearance of the Polish armed forces in the time of the great Tartar invasion (The Battle of Lignica 1241, which stopped the Western advance of the Tartars). The background shows an early-Gothic building. Tablica ta jest podzielona na 2 czqsci. Pierwsza z nich odnosi sie do wieku XII. Postac piesza jest wykonana wedlug wizerunku na drzwiach—katedry gnieznienskiej, ofiarowanych przez Boleslawa Krzywoustego. Postac konna to rycerz podlug rzezby na drzwiach katedry plockiej, pochodz^cych z nieco pozniejszego czasu i wywiezionych do Rosji. Rycerz ma juz pelnq. zbroje, ale helm jest jeszcze otwarty i nie zaslania twarzy ; dluga, siegaj^ca poza kolana szata jest noszona pod kolczuga, spod ktorej wystaje. Tarcza—wielkich rozmiarovv, ostro zakohczona u dolu a zaokr^glona u gory— nie rozni sie od uzywanych w tym czasie na zachodzie Europy. Tak siq przedstawialo rycerstwo polskie w okresie walk Boleslawa Krzywoustego z Niemcami i zwycigstwa na Psim Polu (1109). Tlo stanowi budowla romanska. Druga polowa tablicy przedstawia rycerza i wojownika pieszego z okresu okolo roku 1240. Pierwsza postac, rycerz na koniu, jest ubrana rowniez w pelnQ. zbroje kolcz^, na glowie ma jednak helm zamkni^ty, zaslaniajqcy cala twarz, suknia jest wlozona nie pod kolczug§, lecz na ni^. Tarcza—niewielka, trojkQtna, mana sobie herb wlasciciela. Koh jest pokryty kropierzem. Postac opracowano wedlug starych piecz^ci. Wojownik pieszy jest uzbrojony w rozne przedmioty znane z wykopalisk tego czasu. W ten sposob przedstawialy sig polskie sily zbrojne w czasie wielkiego najazdu Tatarow (bitwa pod Lignica w r. 1241, po ktorej Tatarzy juz dalej na Zachod nie poszli). Tlo stanowi budowla wczesno-gotycka. ��BEGINNING OF THE XVth CENTURY Mounted Crossbowman, two Knights, Lithuanian-Ruthenian “ Boyar ” (Nobleman). This plate shows the period of King Wladyslaw Jagello and the Battle of Grunwald in 1410. To meet the common Teutonic danger, Polish policy succeeded in uniting the Kingdom of Poland and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania and Ruthenia into a Commonwealth of three nations. The Battle of Grunwald held up the German Drang nach Osten for several centuries. The army was no longer exclusively Polish, but of the Polish-Lithuanian Union. Up to the time of the Union the Polish armed forces did not differ in appearance from those of Western Europe, but afterwards the Lithuanian element introduced certain Eastern characteristics. The first figure is that of a mounted crossbow-man, of whom a considerable number were included in each Polish company. He wears a brigantine, or jerkin of leather covered on top with cloth and lined with iron plates of which the rivets are visible outside. The second figure is that of a knight in full plate armour, which was at that time the last word in technical progress. The third figure —a knight in black armour—bears on his shield the “ Sulima ” crest of one of the heroes of Grunwald, Zawisza the Black. The fourth figure is a Lithuanian-Ruthenian ' ‘ Boyar ’ ’ or nobleman from the armies of the Grand Duke Witold. The Polish-Lithuanian army at this time consisted not only of cavalry and infantry, but also of artillery, which took part in the Battle of Grunwald. Its importance was as yet inconsiderable, the decisive arm being the heavy cavalry composed of knights. We know that cannon existed in Poland even earlier than this, since the Wislica Statute of 1347 mentions “ puszka ” or hand cannon. This illustration is based partly on objects which have been preserved to this day, and partly on evidence sup­ plied by church monuments, seals and manuscripts. 3 POCZATEK WIEKU XV Kusznik, dwaj rycerze, bojar litewsko-ruski. Sa to czasy Jagielly i bitwy pod Grunwaldem (1410). Nie jest to juz wyl^cznie wojsko polskie, lecz wojsko Unii Polsko-Litewskiej. Polska mysl polityczna pol^czyla przeciwko wspolnemu niebezpieczenstwu niemieckiemu Kr61estwo Polskie i W. Ks. Litewsko-Ruskie w Rzeczpos­ polita trzech narodow. Zwyci^stwo pod Grunwaldem na stulecia powstrzymalo pochod niemczyzny na Wschod. Do czasow Unii wygl^d polskich sil zbrojnych nie roznil sie od zachodnio-europejskiego, po niej natomiast w sklad ich weszly wojska litewskie wnosz^c pewne cechy wschodnie. Postac pierwsza przedstawia kusznika konndgo, ktorych znaczna ilosc wchodzila w sklad polskich choragwi. Ma on na sobie brygantyne, czyli kurt§ skorzana pokryta z wierzchu materialem a od srodka plytkami zelaznymi, ktorych nity widac na zewnatrz. Postac druga to rycerz w pelnej zbroi plytowej, stanowiacej w tym czasie ostatnie slowo techniki. Postac trzecia—rycerz w czarnej zbroi— ma na tarczy herb Sulima jednego z bohaterow bitwy grunwaldzkiej Zawiszy Czarnego. Postac czwarta to bojar litewsko-ruski z wojsk wielkiego ksiecia Witolda. Wojsko polsko-litewskie posiadaio juz w tym czasie oprocz jazdy i piechoty rowniez artyleriQ, ktora wzi^la udzial w bitwie pod Grunwaldem ; byla to rola jeszcze bardzo nieznaczna, rozstrzygajaca bronia byla ci^zka jazda rycerska. O istnieniu dzial w Polsce wiemy z jeszcze dawniejszych czasow, mianowicie wspomina o nich, nazywajac je “puszkami”, statut wislicki z r. 1347. Tablica ta zostala opracowana cz^sciowo na podstawie zachowanych przedmiotow, czQsciowo na podstawie grobowcow, piecz^ci i opis6w. ��BEGINNING OF THE XVIth CENTURY Knight, two Foot Soldiers, Hussar. POCZATEK WIEKU XVI Rycerz, dw6ch zolnierzy pieszych, husarz. This plate is based on a picture showing the battle fought at Orsza in 1514 against the Muscovites. (The picture, which was painted shortly after the battle, is to be found in the City Museum at Breslau (Wroclaw). Tablica ta zostala opracowana na podstawie obrazu przedstawiajqcego bitw§ z Moskw^ pod Orsz^ w roku 1514 (obraz ten, malowany wkrotce po bitwie, znajduje siq w Muzeum Miejskim we Wroclawiu). The first figure is that of a knight in full ‘ ‘ Maximilian ’ ’ armour, on a horse which is also protected by armour. The second and third figures show foot soldiers, wearing helmets which were already obsolete at that time, dating from the end of the preceding century, and armed with halberds also of an old-fashioned type. The fourth figure is a representative of one of the first Hussar companies in Poland, at that time still belonging to the light cavalry which fought alongside the heavy iron-clad knight-lancers. He wears no armour, but has instead a large Hungarianstyle shield and a lance. The hussar’s costume and his eastern sabre, together with the similar sabre carried by one of the men-at-arms, already show the eastern influence on the attire and equipment of the Polish forces. In this period the main weapon of the infantry was the “ Hakownica ” or arquebus, which had by the last quarter of the XVth century entirely superseded the former crossbow. Postac pierwsza to rycerz w pelnej zbroi maksymilianskiej, na koniu takze zbrojq. okrytym. Postacie druga i trzecia to zolnierze piesi, maj^cy na glowach wowczas juz staromodne hehny, pochodz^ce z konca ubieglego wieku, i uzbrojeni w halabardy o rowniez staromodnym typie. Postac czwarta to przedstawiciel jednej z pierwszych chor^gwi husarskich w Polsce, wowczas jeszcze nalez^cych do lekkiej jazdy wyst^pujqcej obok ciqzkich, zakutych w zelazo rycerzy-kopijnikow. Nie nosi on zadnej zbroi, ma natomiast duza charakterystyczn^ tarcz^ w^gierskq i kopiq. Ubior husarza i jego wschodnia szabla jak rowniez wschodnia szabla jednego z piechurow stanowi^ juz recepcjq pierwiastkow wschodnich w uzbrojeniu i ubiorze wojska polskiego. W okresie tym zasadniczq broni^ piechoty byla hakownica, ktora juz w ostatniej cwierci XV wieku wyparla zupelnie dawne kusze. In the background is the courtyard of the Royal castle of Wawel in Cracow. Tlo stanowi podworze zamku kr61ewskiego na Wawelu. ��ABOUT 1600 5 NA PRZELOMIE WIEKOW XVI-XVII Hussar, Captain of the Cossacks, Musqueteer, Infantry Captain. Husarz, rotmistrz kozacki, xnuszkieter, rotmistzz roty pieszej. This plate covers the end of the XVIth and beginning of the XVHth centuries, and thus portrays both the soldiers of King Stefan Batory and the victors of Kircholm (1605) and Kluszyn (1610). Such was the appearance of the armies of the Hetmans Chodkiewicz and Zolkiewski. The period shown in this plate is that of the peak of Poland’s military might. The first figure is that of a hussar, taken from a picture in Stockholm, showing a Hussar Company of the voievodship, or province, of Poznan at the time of the marriage of King Zygmunt El. The second figure is that of a Captain of a Cossack Company (these companies were later called “pancerni ”*) and is taken from a contemporary portrait. The third figure is that of a musketeer in a company of foot, and the fourth is of an infantry captain, both taken from contemporary drawings. Tablica ta odnosi sie do konca XVI i pocz^tku XVII wieku, przedstawia wiec zarowno zolnierzy Stefana Batorego jak tez zwyci^zcow spod Kircholmu i Kluszyna. Tak wygl^daly wojska hetmanow Chodkiewicza i Zolkiewskiego. Przedstawiony na tej tablicy okres stanowi szczyt pot^gi wojskowej Polski. The hussars, who at the beginning of the XVIth century appeared as light cavalry, have already become heavy shock cavalry, their former role being taken by the Cossack companies. In the dress of the infantrymen we see the Hungarian motifs beloved by King Stefan. They must certainly have appeared also in the uniforms of the artillery of that time, which played an outstanding role in the wars of Stefan Batory in the conquest of many Muscovite strongholds such as Velisch, Veliki Luki, and others. " ‘Pancerni, " i.e. light cavalry. The name comes from “ pancerz, ” which in old Polish, meant “ coat of mail.” The heavy cavalry wore plate armour. Postac pierwsza to husarz, podany podlug obrazu przedstawiajqcego chor^giew husarskq wojewody poznanskiego w czasie zaslubin krola Zygmunta III (obraz znajduje si§ w Sztokholmie). Postac druga to rotmistrz chor^gwi kozackiej (chor^gwie te pozniej nazywano “pancernymi”*) podlug wspolczesnego portretu. Postac trzecia—muszkieter chor^gwi pieszej, czwarta—rotmistrz chorqgwi pieszej, obie podlug wspolczesnych rycin. Husaria, ktora na pocz^tku XVI w. pojawila siq jako jazda lekka, jest juz obecnie jazd^ ciqzkq uderzeniow^, dawne jej miejsce zaj^ly chor^gwie kozackie. W ubiorze piechoty widzimy ulubione przez krola Stefana motywy w^gierskie. Zapewne musialy one wystqpowac rowniez w ubiorach owczesnej artylerii, ktora w wojnach Stefana Batorego odegrala wybitn^ rol§ przy zdobywaniu licznych twierdz moskiewskich, jak Wieliz, Wielkie Luki, Polock i irme. * "pancerni"—lekka kawaleria nosz^ca pancerze, co w starej polszczyznio znaczylo kolczugi �■ �MIDDLE OF THE XVIIth CENTURY Gentlemen-troopers : of Hussars, of the Light Cavalry. Pikeman and Musqueteer of Foreign Type Infantry. This is the period of the wars against the Swedes, Mus­ covites, the Cossacks, Turks and Tartars. The first figure on the left is a gentleman-trooper of hussars, the drawing being made from arms and accoutre­ ments preserved to the present time. The second figure is a gentleman-trooper of a company of Vallachian light cavalry, taken from contemporary pictures. The third and fourth figures show a pikeman and musketeer of foreign infantry type. The hussar has wings on his back here as in the preceding plate. This decorative motif came to Poland from the East. The Turkish crack light cavalry adorned their shields with wings, and wings were also used in Hungary, not worn on the back, but painted on the shield or fixed to the lance. We know that in Poland the wings were not always worn by hussars, for many suits of armour do not possess fasteners for them. The light cavalry was by this time composed entirely of Poles, but some companies which used to be known as Vallachian preserved their traditional name. The famous troopers of the soldier of fortune Lisowski, who covered all Europe from Moscow to the Rhine in the first half of the XVIIth century, looked like the Vallachian cavalryman shown here. Rembrandt’s picture, “ The Rider ” (now in New York), was modelled on one of these soldiers. Both infantrymen are examples of troops of foreign type serving in the Polish Army. These troops consisted of infantry, dragoons and artillery ; the latter achieved a high level of proficiency thanks to the extreme interest of King Wladyslaw IV in that arm. In the infantry were included many fine units of Scottish fighting men. 6 POLOWA WIEKU XVII Husars, towarzysz chorqgwi lekkiej, pikinier i muszkieter piechoty cudzoziemskiego autoramentu. Jest to okres walk ze Szwedami, Rosj^., Kozakami, Turkami i Tatarami. Postac pierwsza—towarzysz husarski, podlug zachowanego dotychczas uzbrojenia i oporz^dzenia. Postac druga—towarzysz ch.0r3.gwi lekkiej, woloskiej, podlug wspolczesnych obrazow. Postacie trzecia i czwarta przedstawiajq. pikiniera i muszkietera piechoty cudzoziemskiego autoramentu. Husarz, jak i na poprzedniej tablicy, ma za plecami skrzydla. Tenmotyw dekoracyjny przybyl do Polski ze Wschodu. Wyborowa tureckajazda lekka zdobila skrzydlami swoje tarcze, na Wggrzech skrzydla rowniez byly uzywane, ale nie noszone na plecach, lecz raczej malowane na tarczach lub przyczepiane do kopij. W Polsce skrzydla nie stanowily stalego atrybutu husarii, wiele zbroi zadnych zaczepow dla skrzydel nie posiada. Jazda lekka, ktorej niektore chor^gwie zwano woloskimi, skladala si§ w tym czasie juz z samych Polakow zachowujq.c tradycyjn^ nazwe. Tak jak przedstawiony na tablicy towarzysz chor^gwi woloskiej wyglqdali slynni lisowczycy, ktorzy w pierwszej polowie wieku XVII przemierzyli cal^ Europe od Moskwy az po Ren i ktorzy zostali uwiecznieni na znanym obrazie Rembrandta. Obydwaj zolnierze piesi stanowia przyklad wojsk cudzoziemskiego autoramentu, w ktorych sklad wchodzily mi^dzy innymi takze liczne znakomite oddzialy szkockiej piechoty, dragoni i artyleria, ktora w tym okresie osi^gn^la wysoki poziom, glownie dzi^ki wielkiemu milosnikowi tej broni krolowi Wladyslawowi IV. ��END OF THE XVIIth CENTURY 7 KONIEC WIEKU XVII Gentleman Hussar, Captain of the Light Cavalry, Dragoon, Infantryman of Polish Type. Husarz, rotmistrz chor^gwi pancernej, dragon, piechur polskiego autoramentu. This plate shows the army of the times of King John HI (Sobieski) and thus the soldiers of the Battles of Chocim and Vienna at the end of the XVIIth century. Tablica ta przedstawia wojsko z czasow krola Jana III Sobieskiego, a wi^c zolnierzy spod Chocimia i spod Wiednia (koniec XVII wieku). The first figure is that of a gentleman-hussar, in funda­ mentals armed like the hussar shown in Plate 6. The second figure shows a captain of a light cavalry company, wearing mail hood and coat-of-mail. These companies were so similar to the Turkish cavalry that during the Battle of Vienna (1683) it was necessary for them to wear twists of straw on arms or shoulders to differentiate them­ selves from the enemy. The third figure is that of a dragoon, a mounted infantryman, representing the type of troops used so skilfully by John III, who set great store by them. The fourth figure shows an infantryman of Polish type. At this time the “ berdysz ” (a special type of battle-axe, the invention of Sobieski himself) was intro­ duced into the Polish infantry. It was a smallish battle-axe on a rather long wooden haft, which served equally well as a fork on which to prop the musket or as a weapon for hand-to-hand fighting. This made possible the unification of the Polish infantry, whereas infantry in Western Europe was still divided into pikemen for close combat, and musketeers for longer-range fighting. The “berdysz” and musket can be seen on the right of the picture. Postac pierwsza to towarzysz husarski, zasadniczo tak samo uzbrojony jak na tablicy poprzedniej. Postac druga to rotmistrz chor^gwi pancernej w misiurce i kolczudze. Ch.orq.gwie te byly talc podobne do jazdy tureckiej, ze podczas bitwy pod Wiedniem zaszla potrzeba przypiqcia wiech slomianych dla odroznienia sie od nieprzyjaciela. Postac trzecia to dragon, konny piechur, przedstawiciel tego rodzaju broni, ktorym Jan III tak lubil siq poshigiwac. Postac czwarta—piechur polskiego autoramentu. W tym czasie wprowadzono w piechocie polskiej wynalazek Jana III, berdysz—niewielki toporek na dose dlugim drzewcu— ktory mogl jednoezesnie shizyc za forkiet (widelki) do podpierania muszkietu oraz za bron do walki wrqcz. Pozwolilo to na unifikacj^ piechoty polskiej, gdy piechota zachodnio-europejska jeszcze dzielila sie na pikinierow do walki wr^cz i muszkieterow do walki ogniowej. Ber­ dysz wraz z muszkietem s^ widoezne z prawej strony tablicy. This whole plate is taken from a study of prints and objects actually preserved to the present day. Cala tablica zostala opracowana na podstawie zachowanych zabytkow oraz drukow. ��FIRST HALF OF THE XVIIIth CENTURY Gentleman Hussar, Captain of the Light Cavalry, Private of the 3rd Regiment of Foot, Janissary officer. Uniform, that is to say dress of which the cut and colour were strictly laid down by regulations, came into being at the juncture of the XVIIth and XVIIIth centuries in Poland as in the other countries of Europe. Of course, even earlier some units wore the same colour, such as, for instance, the guard of Stefan Batory, which wore violet, and the “ Lanowa ” or conscripted infantry, which wore from the beginning the .traditional pale blue, then called “Haze-blue.” The artillery usually wore grey up to the beginning of the XVIIIth century, when it adopted green with black facings. At the beginning of the XVIIIth cen­ tury, certain types of uniform had already come into use which were to last for a considerable period, while the uniform of the Polish cavalry became the prototype of lancer or uhlan uniforms for the whole world. The first figure is that of a gentleman-hussar in off-duty dress, the second that of a light cavalry captain, also in off-duty dress. The third figure represents an infantry­ man of the 3rd Regiment of Foot. (The Grand Crown Hetman’s Own.) All the regiments of the Crown Infantry of the XVIIIth century wore scarlet uniforms with facings of regimental colours up to the reforms of the Four-Year Seym (Parliament), while the Lithuanian regiments wore the same uniforms, but blue, also with regimental facings. The fourth figure shows a Janissary officer. The Janissary companies at this time served as guards to the Hetmans or Field-Marshals. In the background may be seen a cavalry company still wearing helmets and cuirasses. PIERWSZA POLOWA WIEKU XVIII Towarzysz husarski, rotmistrz pancerny, szeregowiec 3 pulku piechoty, oficei janczazow. Mundur, czyli ubior zupelnie scisle okreslony przepisami co do kroju i barwy, powstal w Polsce, jak i w innych krajach Europy, na przelomie w. XVII i XVIII. Oczywiscie, juz dawniej bywaly oddzialy ubrane w jedn^ barw$, tak na przyklad jednostki gwardii Stefana Batorego byly ubrane na fioletowo, piechota lanowa od pocz^tku utrzymywala tradycyjny kolor blQkitny, zwany wowczas “obloczystym . Artyleria byla zwykle ubrana na szaro az do pocz^tku w. XVIII, kiedy przyj^la kolor zielony z czarnymi wyiogami. Na pocz^tku w. XVIII wytworzyly sig juz pewne typy umundurowania, ktore mialy przetrwac czas dluzszy, a niektore z nich, mianowicie ubior kawalerii narodowego autoramentu, posluzyc za wzor mundurow ulanskich calego swiata. Postac pierwsza to towarzysz husarski w stroju pozasluzbowym, postac druga zas to rotmistrz ch.0r3.gwi pancernej takze w stroju pozasluzbowym. Postac trzecia—szere­ gowiec 3 pulku piechoty (Hetmana Wielkiego Koronnego). Wszystkie pulki piechoty koronnej nosily w wieku XVIII az do reform Sejmu Czteroletniego mundury barwy p^sowej z wyiogami pulkowych kolorow, pulki litewskie zas mialy tegoz kroju mundury ale niebieskie, rowniez z pulkowymi wyiogami. Postac czwarta przedstawia oficera chor^gwi janczarskiej. Chor^gwie janczarskie w tym czasie stanowily rodzaj gwardii przy hetmanach. Tlo przedstawia chor^giew jazdy, jeszcze w helmach i kirysach. ��1776 1776 Trooper of the 2nd Brigade of Horse, Officer of the Lithuanian Artillery Regiment, Officer of the Crown Horse Guards, Officer of the Queen’s Own Regiment (1st Foot), Gunner of the Lithuanian Horse Artillery. Pocztowy 2 brygady Kawalerii Narodowej, oficer artylerii litewskiej, oficer Gwardii Konnej, oficer Pulku Piechoty Krolowej, kanonier artylerii konnej litewskiej. These are the times of the reign of the last Polish King, Stanislas Augustus. Poland was in process of preparing great political and social reforms, and her cultural life was making great strides, but this peaceful disposition caused her to maintain only a comparatively small army. Here we see the picturesque uniforms introduced in 1776. The army was at this time still divided into units of Polish type and foreign type. To the Polish type belonged the entire cavalry except for the dragoons, and to the foreign type, the infantry, artillery, pontooneers and dragoons (the latter including the regiments of the Crown and Lithuanian Horse Guards). The Polish troops had charac­ teristically Polish uniforms. At about this time the square cap, of a pattern borrowed from caps worn by the peasants in the Cracow district, first made its appearance as a military head-dress. The Polish model or “National” cavalry was divided into Brigades of Horse, in which were incorporated in 1775 the old hussar and light cavalry companies. In this year also the light cavalry was con­ verted into the so-called “Vanguard Regiments.” The traditional colours of the Polish artillery, green and black, were already worn by all gunners. It should be pointed out that horse artillery, still a completely new form of artillery in this period, already existed in Poland. The first figure is that of a trooper of the 2nd Brigade of Horse. The second figure is a senior officer of the Lithuanian artillery (the Crown artillery had the same uniform, but with white turn-backs). The third figure shows an officer of the Crown Horse Guards in Court dress. The fourth—a senior officer of the Queen’s Own Regiment (1st Infantry) in 1782. The uniforms are taken from the book of M. Raspe, and the background shows a view of the Lazienki Palace in Warsaw, Sa to czasy panowania ostatniego krola polskiego Stanislawa Augusta. Polska przygotowuje wielkie reformy polityczne i spoleczne i przezywa rozkwit kulturalny, jednak, sama usposobiona pokojowo, utrzymuje jedynie niewielkie wojsko. Widzimy tu malownicze mundury wprowadzone w r. 1776. Wojsko dzieli sig wci^z jeszcze na autorament narodowy, do ktorego nalezy cala jazda procz dragonow, oraz cudzoziemski, obejmujacy piechotq, artylerig, pontonierow i dragonow (w tym regimenty Gwardii Konnej, koronnej i litewskiej). Wojska autoramentu narodowego posiadaly ubiory o charakterze polskim. Okolo tego czasu pojawia sig w wojsku po raz pierwszy czapka rogata o typie zapozyczonym od noszonych przez lud w okolicach Krakowa. Jazda narodowego autoramentu dzielila sig na brygady Kawalerii Narodowej, w ktorych pol^czono w r. 1775 dawne chor^gwie husarskie i pancerne. Z chor^gwi lekkich powstaly w tymze roku tak zwane Pulki Strazy Przedniej. Tradycyjne polskie barwy artylerii (zielone z czarnym) juz sa noszone przez wszystkie jednostki tej broni. Podkreslic nalezy, ze juz w tym okresie istniala w Polsce artyleria konna, podowczas zupelnie jeszcze nowy rodzaj broni. Postac pierwsza jest to pocztowy 2 brygady Kawalerii Narodowej. Druga postac to oficer wyzszy artylerii litew­ skiej (artyleria koronna miala ten sam mundur, ale wylogi pol byly biale). Postac trzecia przedstawia oficera Gwardii Konnej Koronnej w mundurze dworskim, czWarta zas—wyzszego oficera Regimentu Krolowej (1. pulk piecho­ ty) z 1782 r. Mundury—podlug ksi^zki M. Raspego. Tio : widok palacu lazienkowskiego w Warszawie. ��1792 1792 Trooper of the 1st Regiment of Loyal Cossacks, Private of the 2nd Foot, Officer of a Brigade of Horse, Artillery Officer. Kozak l.Pulku WiernychKozakow, szeregowiec 2 pulku piechoty, oQcer Kawalerii Narodowej, oficer artylerii. This plate shows the uniforms worn by the Polish forces in the campaign which Poland, menaced by a second partition, conducted against Russia in 1792. By then the army reforms of the Four-Year Seym had been put into practice, and there were no more distinctions between national and foreign types of troops. This Seym, besides political and social reforms, voted the reorganisation and expansion of the armed forces. The whole army wore uniforms of national pattern, evolved from the former uniform of the purely Polish troops, or the “ Kontusz ” and ‘ ‘ Zupan ’5 (particular Polish designs of coat and waist­ coat). This uniform was the original model of the wellknown Uhlan or lancer uniform, which made its first appearance in Poland and was then adopted by almost all Continental armies and in 1816 also by Great Britain. This army, as yet not completely reorganised nor brought to full strength, had to undertake a grievous struggle against a much stronger opponent, and distinguished itself at Dubienka and Zielence. The first figure is that of a “ Loyal Cossack ’ ’ of the 1st Regiment. During this campaign two regiments of “Loyal Cossacks” were raised in the Ukraine. The 2nd Regiment had the same uniform, but its facings were crimson, not scarlet. The second figure shows a private of the 2nd (Crown Prince’s Own) Regiment of Foot. His shako is drawn from one in the Army Museum in Warsaw. The third figure is a senior officer of the National cavalry, taken from contemporary army dress regulations. The fourth represents a senior artillery officer, as shown in a contemporary water-colour by Harasimowicz. Only the Guards retained their scarlet uniforms, the foot-guards wearing embroidered, navy blue breeches and Hungarian boots, whilst the horse-guards wore cocked hats, singlebreasted jackets with blue facings, white breeches and high boots. Tablica ta przedstawia ubiory wojska z czasow kampanii r. 1792, jaka. Polska zagrozona drugim rozbiorem prowadzila przeciwko Rosji. Jest to wojsko juz zreformowane przez Sejm Czteroletni, ktory obok reform politycznych i spolecznych uchwalil reorganizacj? i powi?kszenie sil zbrojnych. Podzial na autorament narodowy i cudzoziemski znikl. Cale wojsko nosi ubiory narodowego kroju, stanowi^cego wynik ewolucji dawnego ubioru autoramentu polskiego, czyli kontusza i zupana. Od tego wlasnie ubioru pochodzQ. charakterystyczne mundury ulanskie, ktore najwczesniej pojawily si? w Polsce i nast?pnie zostaly przej?te przez nieomal wszystkie wojska kontynentalne a od roku 1816 takze przez W. Brytani?. Wojsko to, jeszcze niezupelnie przeorganizowane i nie doprowadzone do pelnych stanow, musialo stoczyc ci?zka walk? z o wiele silniejszym przeciwnikiem i okrylo si? chwal? pod Dubienk? i Zielencami. Postac pierwsza to “ Wierny Kozak ” 1. pulku. Podczas kampanii byly sformowane na Ukrainie dwa pulki “Wiernych Kozakow” ubrane w stroje regionalne; 2 pulk mial taki sam mundur, ale wylogi nie p?sowe, lecz karmazynowe. Postac druga to szeregowiec 2 pulku piechoty (Krolewicza) ; kaszkiet—podlug oryginalu przechowywanego w Muzeum Wojska w Warszawie. Postac trzecia—oficer wyzszy Kawalerii Narodowej, podlug wspolczesnego przepisu. Postac czwarta—oficer wyzszy artylerii, podlug wspolczesnej akwareli Harasimowicza. Mundury czerwone pozostaly jedynie w gwardii. Gwardia piesza nosi przy tym granatowe spodnie z wyszyciem i buty w?gierskie, gwardia konna zas kapelusze stosowane, jednorz?dowe kolety z niebieskimi wylogami, biale spodnie i wysokie buty. ��1794 1794 N.C.O. of the 10th Foot, Hussar of Krasicki’s Hussar Regiment, Artillery Officer, Trooper of a Brigade of Horse, Scytheman of the Cracow Militia. Podoficer 10 puiku piechoty, huzar Krasickiego, oficer artylerii, pocztowy Kawalerii Narodowej, kosynier. This plate refers to the period after the second Partition of Poland, the period of the campaign of Kosciuszko in 1794, of a desperate war on two fronts, against Russia on the one side and Prussia on the other. The first figure shows a non-commissioned officer of the 10th (Dzialynski’s) Foot, which distinguished itself at Maciejowice. All foot regiments of this period had navyblue uniforms of Polish design, differentiated from one another by the colours of their facings and by their buttons. The shako is taken from an original specimen in the Military Museum in Warsaw. The second figure is that of a hussar of Krasicki’s Regiment (this regiment was raised from volunteers from Southern Poland). The paint­ ing is based on an original uniform in the Warsaw War Museum and a drawing by Orlowski, The third figure is an artillery officer and the fourth a trooper of a Brigade of Horse—both taken from army dress regulations. Sol­ diers of the National Cavalry were at that time divided into two categories: gentlemen-troopers armed with lances, wearing square caps and constituting the front rank, and troopers (a survival of the knights’ squires) wearing caps similar to the hussars’ caps of that time, armed with carbines and forming the second rank. The fifth figure is that of a Cracow scytheman, one of the heroes of the battle of Raclawice. This, the first battle of the 1794 campaign, was a splendid victory for the Cracow peasant militia, not uniformed, but wearing national dress and armed with scythes. As a result of this victory the Polish scythemen became a symbol of the struggle for independence. [ Okres kampanii kosciuszkowskiej roku 1794, czasy rozpaczliwej. walki na dwa fronty, przeciw Rosji z jednej a Prusom z drugiej strony. Postac pierwsza przedstawia podoficera 10 pulku pie­ choty (Dzialynskich), ktory sig tak odznaczyl pod Maciejowicami. Wszystkie pulki piechoty w tym czasie mialy mundury granatowe kroju polskiego i roznily sig migdzy sobq. kolorem wylogow i guzikami. Czapka wedlug oryginalu z Muzeum Wojska w Warszawie. Postac druga to huzar Krasickiego (pulk huzarow Krasickiego byl zlozony z ochotnikow z Malopolski); mundur odtworzono pod-lug oryginalu z Muzeum Wojska w Warszawie i rysunku Orlowskiego. Postac trzecia—oficer artylerii i postac czwarta—pocztowy Kawalerii Narodowej—obie podlug przepisu. Zolnierze Kawalerii Narodowej nadal dzielili sig na dwie kategorie: towarzyszy, uzbrojonych w lance, ubranych w rogate czapki i stanowigcych pierwszy szereg, oraz pocztowych, w czapkach zblizonych do owczesnych huzarskich, uzbrojonych w karabinki i stanowigcych drugi szereg. Postac pigta to kosynier krakowski, bohater bitwy pod Raclawicami. Ta pierwsza bitwa kampanii 1794 r. przyniosla pigkne zwycigstwo chlopskiej milicji krakowskiej, nie umundurowanej, lecz ubranej w stroje ludowe i uzbrojonej w kosy ; dzigki temu zwycigstwu polscy kosynierzy stali sig symbolem walki o niepodleglosc. ��(a) POLISH LEGION IN ITALY 1797 (a) LEGIA WLOSKA 1797 Lancer and Fusilier. Ulan i fizylier. (b) VISTULA LEGION 1808 (b) LEGIA NADWISLANSKA 1808 Grenadier and Lancer. Grenadier i ulan. The left-hand illustration shows the Polish Legions in Italy in 1797. They were formed by General Henryk Dabrowski, who believed that they would go to liberate Poland, together with the armies of Napoleon, who was then fighting against Austria. The marching song of these soldiers, “Poland has not perished,” became the Polish National Anthem, which it remains to the present time. At first the facings worn by the various battalions in these Legions were those of the former regiments of the Polish Republic and were intended to continue their traditions, but soon a uniform crimson was introduced for all facings. The first figure shows a lancer legionary, and the second a fusilier. The disposition of colours of plumes and lance­ pennons denoted the number of a company or squadron. The right-hand illustration shows the Vistula Legion in Spain in 1808. The first figure represents a grenadier of the Legion, the second a lancer. This drawing is based on army dress regulations and contemporary portraits. The Vistula Legion was a continuation of the Legions of General Dabrowski, and comprised only one regiment of foot and one of lancers. Then the infantry strength was raised to four regiments, and in 1811 another lancer regi­ ment was added. It differed from the former one only by having a navy blue instead of a yellow collar. The colours of the Vistula Legion—navy blue with yellow facings— later became the traditional colours of the Polish Infantry. Cz<?sc pierwsza tablicy przedstawia Legiony Polskie we Wioszech w roku 1797. Sformowal je gen. Henryk D^browski w przekonaniu, iz wraz z armiami Napoleona, walcz^cego przeciwko Austrii, pojda one wyzwalac Polsk§. Spiewana przez to wojsko piesh “Jeszcze Polska nie zginela” stala sie hymnem panstwowym polskim przyjqtym do dnia dzisiejszego. Poczqtkowo barwy umundurowania poszczegolnych batalionow tych legionow byly wzorowane na dawnych pulkach Rzeczypospolitej i mialy bye kontynuaejq. ich tradycji, wkrotce jednak wprowadzono jednolity, karmazynowy kolor wylogow. Postac pierwsza to ulan legionowy. Postac druga to fizylier piechoty. Uklad kolorow na kitach i proporcach lane wskazuje numer kompanii lub szwadronu. Druga polowa tablicy przedstawia Legiq Nadwislanskq w Hiszpanii w roku 1808. Pierwsza postac to grenadier Legii, druga—ulan. Tablica zostala opracowana na podstawie przepisow oraz wspolczesnych zrodel ikonograficznych. Legia Nadwislanska byla dalszym ci^giem Legionow gen. Dqbrowskiego. W sklad Legii Nadwislanskiej wchodzily tylko jeden pulk piechoty i jeden ulanow, nastepnie piechotg rozwini^to do sily czterech pulkow, a w r. 1811 dodano pulk ulanow rozni^cy si$ od poprzedniego tylko granatowym kolnierzem zamiast zoltego. Kolory Legii Nadwislahskiej—granatowy z zoltym_ staly sig pozniej tradyeyjnymi barwami piechoty. �.. �(a) 1809 (a) 180 9 Lancer of the 2nd Lancers, Gunner of the Horse Artillery. Ulan 2 pulku ulanow, kanonier artylem konnej. (b) 1810 (b) 1810 Grenadier of a Regiment of Foot, Trooper of the 5th Mounted Rifles. Grenadier, strzelec 5 pulku strzelcow konnych. The first half of this plate relates to the victorious cam­ paign of 1809 against Austria, led by Prince Josef Poniatowski. This is the army of the Duchy of Warsaw, created in 1806. The first figure is that of a lancer of the 2nd Regiment. The Eagle above the “Amazon shield ” first introduced at this time as a cap badge for the lancers, has remained almost unchanged up to the present time as the general cap badge of the Polish Army. The second figure is a gunner of the Horse Artillery. (In the following year the Horse Artillery received a new uniform, similar to the French, with a single-breasted jacket and a large fur busby.) The second half of the plate shows uniforms of 1810, when new dress regulations were issued after the end of the war, in connection with the reconstruction of the army. Before the war there were three divisions, known as Legions, in the Duchy of Warsaw ; the uniforms of infantry and lancers were navy blue, and the Legions were dis­ tinguished from each other by the colour of their facings— the First Legion had scarlet collars and cuffs with yellow plastrons ; the Second, all facings crimson ; the Third, white. In 1810 a single uniform was introduced for the entire infantry with the exception of the 4th, 7th, and 9th Foot, which had been sent to Spain. These regiments preserved the old colours of the Legions, the 4-th Foot those of the First Legion, and so on successively. The 13th Foot wore captured white Austrian uniforms with light-blue facings. The first figure shows a Grenadier of a Regiment of Foot in the new uniform, while the second is that of a trooper of an elite company of the Sth Mounted Rifles. The 1st Mounted Rifles had scarlet as their regimental facings, and the 4th Regiment crimson. This plate is based on army dress regulations of 1807 and 1810. Pierwsza polowa tablicy odnosi sig do roku 1809, do zwycigskiej kampanii przeciw Austrii, przeprowadzonej przez ks. Jozefa Poniatowskiego. Jest to wojsko Ksigstwa Warszawskiego, utworzonego w r. 1806. Postac pierwsza to ulan 2 pulku ulanow. Postac druga : kanonier artylerii konnej (w roku nastgpnym artyleria konna otrzymala inny mundur, zblizony do francuskiego, o jednorzgdowej kurtce i wielkiej futrzanej czapie). Wprowadzona wowczas po raz pierwszy oznaka na czapkach ulanow—orzel nad “tarcz^. amazonek”—przetrwala do dzisiaj, w niezmienionej prawie formie, jako oznaka ogolnowojskowa. Druga polowa tablicy odnosi sig do roku 1810, kiedy to wydano nowe przepisy mundurowe. Przed wojnq. istnialy w Ksigstwie Warszawskim 3 dywizje, zwane legiami ; mundury piechoty i ulanow byly granatowe, a legie roznily sig migdzy sobq. barwami wylogow : 1. legia miala kolnierze i wylogi rgkawow pgsowe, rabaty zolte, 2 legia— wszystkie wylogi karmazynowe, 3. zas—biale. W roku 1810 wprowadzono jednolity mundur dla calej piechoty z wyj^.tkiempulkow4., 7., i 9. piechoty wyslanych do Hiszpanii, ktore zachowaly barwy dawnych legii, oraz 13 pulku pie­ choty, ktory nosil zdobyczne biale mundury austriackie z blgkitnymi wylogami. Postac pierwsza przedstawia grenadiera piechoty w nowym mundurze. Postac druga—strzelca kompanii wyborczej 5 pulku strzelcow konnych. Kolorem pulkowym 1. pulku strzelcow konnych byl p^sowy, 4. zas karmazynowy. Tablica jest opracowana na podstawie przepisow z 1807 i 1810 r. ��(a) 1810 (a) 1810 Voltigeur of a Regiment of Foot, Officer of the 13th Hussars. Woltyzer, oficer 13 pulku huzarow. (b) 1812 (b) 1812 Trooper of the Lithuanian Tartar Squadron, Sergeant of the Light Horse of the Guard. Tatar Litewski, wachmistrz Szwolezerow Gwardii. The first part of this plate also shows uniforms of the year 1810. The first figure is that of a Voltigeur of a Regiment of Foot. The Fusiliers had the same uniform with the follow­ ing differences :—instead of wearing a plume on the cap, they had a pompon in the company colour, a navy blue collar with crimson piping, and instead of epaulettes navy blue cloth shoulder-straps piped with crimson. The second figure shows a junior officer of the 13th Hussars. (The 10th Hussars had the same uniform, but with black shakoes and gold braid.) The cavalry of the Duchy of Warsaw did not have separate numberings for its various types of cavalry, but a single one like the present British cavalry. The 1st, 4th and Sth Regiments were Mounted Rifles ; the 2nd, 3rd, 6th, 7th, 8th, 9th, 11th, 12th, 15th and all higher numbers were Lancers, differing in the colour of facings and piping." The 10th and 13th were Hussar regiments, and the 14th, Cuirassiers. The latter had uniforms like those of the French cuirassiers with the single difference that the buttons, epaulettes and lace of the officers were gold instead of silver. The second half of the plate refers to the campaign of 1812. The first figure shows a trooper of the Lithuanian Tartar Squadron, formed after the re-taking of Wilno. The second, a sergeant of the 1st Light Horse of the Guard, famed for its charge at Somo-Sierra in 1808 and later at Wagram in 1809. During the campaign of 1812 a 3rd Light Horse Regiment of the Guard—Lithuanian (the 2nd being Dutch and French) was formed. The dress of this regiment differed from the 1st only in the fact that it wore gold braid instead of silver. ‘According to the French establishment, cavalry squadrons in every Regiment were divided into companies, the first company being known as the “ elite ” company. They wore fur busby and scarlet fringe to their epaulettes. The remaining companies wore round shakoes (Mounted Rifles) or square caps (Lancers) and had a white fringe to their epaulettes. Lewa polowa tablicy odnosi sig rowniez do r. 1810. Postac pierwsza to woltyzer piechoty. Fizylierzy mieli ten sam mundur z nastQpuj^cymi odmianami : zamiast kity na czapce—pompon w barwie kompanii, kolnierz granatowy z karmazynowq wypustka, zamiast epoletow naramienniki sukienne, takze granatowe z karmazynowQ wypustkq. Postac druga to mlodszy oficer 13 pulku huzarow (10 pulk mial taki sam mundur, ale czako czarne i potrzeby zlote). Kawaleria Ksi^stwa Warszawskiego nie miala oddzielnej numeracji dla poszczegolnych swych rodzajow, lecz numeracjg jednolita jak obecnie kawaleria brytyjska. Pulki: 1., 4., i 5. byli to strzelcy konni, pulki 2. i 3., od 6. do 9., 11., 12. oraz od 15. w gor? byli to ulani, rozni^cy si§ wypustkami i wylogami.* Pulki 10. i 13. byli to huzarzy, a pulk 14.—kirasjerzy. Ci ostatni mieli mundury takie same jak kirasjerzy francuscy z tq tylko roznica, ze epolety oficerow, guziki i galony byly zlote, nie zas srebrne. Druga polowa tablicy odnosi sig do kampanii 1812 roku. Pierwsza postac przedstawia Tatara ze szwadronu Tatarow Litewskich sformowanego po wyzwoleniu Wilna, druga wachmistrza z 1. pulku Szwolezerow Gwardii, wslawionego szarza pod Somo-Sierra w 1808 r. oraz pod Wagram w 1809 r. W czasie kampanii 1812 roku sformowano rowniez 3 pulk Szwolezerow Gwardii, litewski (2. byl holdenderskofrancuski). Pulk ten roznil sig od 1. tylko tym, ze mial potrzeby zlote. * Wedlug przepis6w francuskich szwadrony w pulkach kawalerii dzielily si§ na kompanie, z ktorych pierwsza, zwana “wyborczQ”, nosila czapy futrzane i czerwone fr^dzle przy epoletach, pozostale kompanie—rogate czapki (ulani) lub okraale czaka (strzelcy) i fr^dzle biale. 4' ��1820 1820 Gunner of the Horse Artillery of the Guard, Trooper of the Mounted Rifles of the Guard, Lancer of the 1st Lancers, Grenadier Guardsman. Kanonier artylerii konnej Gwardii, strzelec pulku strzelcow konnych Gwardii, ulan 1. pulku ulanow, grenadier Gwardii. After the fall of Napoleon and the creation of the so-called Congress Kingdom (1815-1831) the Polish forces main­ tained their separate organization and uniforms. The first figure is that of a gunner of the Horse Artillery of the Guard. The Horse Artillery of the line differed only in that it did not wear the so-called “ Guard’s lace ” nor have cloth shabracks, but only black sheepskins. The second figure represents a mounted rifleman of the Guard. This regiment was mainly composed of the former Light Horse of the Guard, but during the war of 1830-1831 it became known as the Sth Regiment of Mounted Rifles. The third picture shows a lancer (or uhlan) of the 1st Lancer Regiment. There were at that time four regiments of lancers, distinguished one from the other by the colours of their facings and the colour of their horses. The 1st Regiment had crimson facings and bays, the 2nd Regiment had white facings and greys, the 3rd Regiment had yellow facings and chestnuts, while the 4th had blue facings and blacks. The fourth figure is that of a grenadier Guardsman. The Grenadier Regiment of the Guard was the only infantry regiment which wore scarlet shoulder-straps, and in which all companies alike wore tall plumes on their head­ dress; otherwise these plumes were worn only by the Grenadier companies in the Infantry regiments of the line, and by the Carabineer companies in the Rifle regiments, the remaining companies wearing pompons. All the uniforms of the Congress Kingdom are taken from originals in the Military Museum in Warsaw and from drawings in the Army Year Books of the time. Po upadku Napoleona i stworzeniu tzw. Krdlestwa Kongresowego (1815-1831) wojsko polskie zachowalo swojg. odrgbnosc takze i w ubiorze. Postac pierwsza to kanonier artylerii konnej Gwardii. Artyleria konna linii roznila sig tylko tym, ze nie nosila tak zwanych “pgtlic gwardiackich” i nie posiadala czaprakow sukiennych, jeno futrzane czarne. Postac druga to strzelec konny Gwardii. Pulk ten w znacznej czgsci skladal sig z dawnych Szwolezerow Gwardii, a podczas wojny 1830-31 zostal nazwany 5 pulkiem strzelcow konnych. Postac trzecia : ulan 1. pulku ulanow. Byly wowczas cztery pulki ulanow, rdznigce sig migdzy sobg wylogami mundurow i mascig koni : 1. mial wylogi amarantowe, konie gniade ; 2.—biale i siwe ; 3.—zolte i kasztany ; 4.—niebieskie i kare. Postac czwarta to grenadier Gwardii. Pulk Grenadierow Gwardii byl jedynym pulkiem piechoty noszgcym czerwone naramienniki, poza tym caly ten pulk nosil wysokie kity, noszone w pulkach piechoty liniowej tylko przez kompanie grenadierskie, a w pulkach strzelcow pieszych przez kompanie karabinierskie; pozostale kom­ panie nosily pompony. Wszystkie mundury Krolestwa Kongresowego przedstawiono podlug oryginalow Muzeum Wojska w Warszawie i rysunkow we wspolczesnych Rocznikach Wojskowych. ��1830 N.C.O. of the 1st Rifles, Sapper, N.C.O. of the 3rd Lancers, Trooper of the 2nd Mounted Rifles. This plate shows field uniforms of the period of the war with Russia in 1830-1831. The first figure is that of a non-commissioned officer of the 1st Rifle Regiment. The number on the cover of his shako indicates his company ; the regimental number was shown on the shield below the eagle. The 1st and 3rd Rifle Regiments had yellow shoulder-straps, the 2nd and 4th had navy blue shoulder-straps with yellow piping. The divisional number was worn on the shoulder-straps. The fourth figure is a trooper of the 2nd Mounted Rifles, a regiment which particularly distinguished itself in the Battle of Demby Wielkie. The order of colours for facings and horses in the Mounted Rifle Regiments was the same as that prevailing in the Lancer regiments. The Mounted Rifle Regiment of the Guard, converted during this war into the Sth Mounted Rifle Regiment, differed from the 3rd Regiment only in having Guards’ lace on collars and cuffs and cloth shabracks. During the war of 1830-31 new formations were raised. In the cavalry : a further three regiments of lancers, the 6th, 7th and 8th, and also the 1st and 2nd Mazovians, the 1st and 2nd Cracow Cavalry Regiments, many cavalry regiments raised in the different districts, the Mounted Volhynian Legions, Lithuanian Legions and so on. In the Infantry : new regular regiments numbering from 9 to 25, and many volunteer rifle battalions, generally called by the names of their commanders, such as Grothus’ Rifles, Kuszel’s Rifles, or from the territories where they were raised, such as the Kurpie, or Podlasie Rifles’. Their uniforms were often very picturesque, and some of them may be seen in Plate 17. 16 1830 Podoficer 1. pulku strzelcow pieszych, saper, podoficer 3 pulku ulanow, strzelec 2 pulku strzelcow konnych. Tablica przedstawia mundury polowe z okresu wojny z Rosja w roku 1830-1831. Postac pierwsza to podoficer 1. pulku strzelcow pieszych. Liczba na pokrowcu czaka oznacza kompanig, numer pulku byl noszony na tarczy pod orlem. Dwa pulki strzelcow pieszych (1. i 3.) mialy naramienniki zolte, dwa (2. i 4.) granatowe z zolt^. wypustk^. Na naramiennikach noszono numery dywizji. Postac czwarta—strzelec 2 pulku strzelcow konnych (pulk odznaczyl sie szczegolnie w bitwie pod Dgbem Wielkiem). Kolejnosc barw wylogow i masci koni w pulkach strzelcow konnych obowi^zywala jak w pulkach ulanow. Strzelcy konni Gwardii, przem anowani podczas wojny na 5 pulk strzelcow konnych, roznili sie od 3 pulku tylko gwardiackimi p^tlicami i sukiennymi czaprakami. Podczas tej wojny powstaj^ tez nowe formacje konne i piesze. W kawalerii : pulki ulanow 6., 7., 8. i dalsze oraz 1. i 2. Mazurow, 1. i 2. Krakusow, liczne pulki jazdy wojewodzkiej, konne legie wolynskie, litewskie itd. W piechocie : regularne nowe pulki od Nr. 9. do 25. oraz liczne ochotnicze bataliony strzeleckie, nazywane przewaznie od nazwisk dowodcow, jak pika Grothusa, plica Kuszla lub ziem, jak Strzelcy Kurpiowscy czy Podlascy. Umundurowane byly nieraz bardzo malowniczo. Niektore z tych mundurow podaje nast^pna tablica 17. ��1831 Officers : the Carabineers, 4th Lancers, Field Artillery, Poznan Cavalry, 9th Infantry ; Generals : Artillery and Cavalry; Officer of the 2nd Lancers; Other ranks : 4th Infantry, Colonel Kuszel’s Rifles, 1st Mazovian Cavalry, 2nd Cracow Cavalry. Plate 17, like the preceding plate, shows the uniforms of the war of 1830-1831. Side by side with the former regular army, we see the uniforms of the new formations, which were intended to have a distinctive Polish character and to incorporate many features of the folk-dress. The first mounted figure is that of an officer of the Carabineers (the pre-war military police). The second is an officer of the 4th Lancers, the third an officer of the Field Artillery and the fourth an officer of the Poznan Cavalry Regiment. The fifth figure represents an officer of the 9th Infantry Regiment. In general, the newlyraised infantry regiments wore round caps with a band in the regimental colour, mainly yellow, while only the 9th and 10th regiments wore the square cap. The sixth figure is that of a disabled artillery general, and the seventh a cavalry general. The eighth (behind the cavalry general) is an officer of the 2nd Lancers, a regiment renowned for its charge at Grochow. The ninth figure shows a private of the 4th Infantry Regiment of the Line, perhaps the most famous of all Polish regiments of this period. The Infantry regiments were distinguished from one another by the colour of their shoulder-straps ; the 1st Regiment had yellow shoulder-straps, the 2nd—white, the Sth—blue, the 6th—navy blue with yellow piping. All these regi­ ments wore the numeral 1 on their shoulder-straps as the number of their division. The 3rd, 4th, 7th and 8th Regiments had shoulder-straps in the same series of colours, but with the number 2 on them. The tenth figure shows a rifleman of Colonel Kuszel’s Rifles, the eleventh—a trooper of the 1st Mazovian Cavalry, the twelfth—a trooper of the 2nd Cracow Cavalry. The uniforms of these formations are taken from the lithographs of Dietrich and others. 17 1831 Oficerowie : karabinierow, 4 puiku puiku jazdy poznanskiej, 9 puiku artylem i kawalerii ; oficer 2 puiku puiku piechoty, stizelcow Kuszla, 1. Krakusow. ulanow, artylerii pieszej, piechoty ," generalowie : ulanow ; szeregowcy : 4 puiku Mazurow, 2 puiku Tablica ta, podobnie’jak poprzednia, przedstawia mundury z okresu wojny z Rosja w 1830-1831. Obok mundurow dawnego wojska regularnego widzimy tez ubiory nowych formacji, ktorym starano sig nadac charakter swoiscie polski oraz wprowadzic wiele cech zaczerpnigtych z ubiorow ludowych. Pierwsza postac to oficer karabinierow (przed wojng zandarmow). Druga—oficer 4 puiku ulanow. Trzecia postac—oficer artylerii pieszej. Czwarta—oficer puiku jazdy poznanskiej. Piq.ta—oficer 9 puiku piechoty. (Ogolnie, nowosformowana piechota nosila okrggle czapki z otokiem koloru pulkowego, przewaznie zoltym, jedynie pulki 9. i 10. mialy rogatywki). Postac szosta—general artylerii (inwalida) w surducie, siodma—general kawalerii. Postac osma (w glgbi) to oficer 2 puiku ulanow, wslawionego sw$ szarzg pod Grochowem. Dziewi^ta postac— szeregowiec 4 puiku piechoty liniowej, moze najslawniejszego ze wszystkich pulkow polskich tego okresu. Pulki piechoty roznily sig migdzy sobg barwg naramiennikow : pulk 1. mial naramienniki zolte, 2.—biale, 5.—niebieskie, 6.—granatowe z zoltcj wypustkq. Wszystkie te pulki nosily na naramiennikach jedynkg jako numer swej dywizji. Pulki 3., 4., 7. i 8. mialy naramienniki w tej samej kolejnosci barw, ale z dwojkq. Postac dziesi^ta—strzelec puiku pulkownika Kuszla. Postac jedenasta—szeregowiec 1. puiku Mazurow. Postac dwunasta—szeregowiec 2 puiku Krakusow. Mundury nowych formacyj oddano podlug litografii Dietricha i innych. ��CRIMEAN WAR 18 54-185 5 IS WOJNA KRYMSKA 18 5 4-18 55 Officer of the 2nd Dragoons, Officer and Trooper of the 1st Ottoman Cossack Regiment. Oficer 2 pulku dragonow otomanskich, oficer kozakow otomanskich, kozak otomanski. This plate shows the Polish volunteer formations in Turkey at the time of the Crimean War. The Poles hoped to take advantage of the war between the Western Powers and Russia to regain their independence by armed action. Volunteer units were formed within the Turkish Army. Their Commander, Michal Czajkowski (Sadyk Pasha), a fervent champion of Polish-Ukrainian union, gave some of his formations the name of Cossacks. In addition to these units, some Polish units were raised by the British. This was, therefore, the first instance of direct military col­ laboration between Poland and Great Britain. The first figure is that of a senior officer of the 2nd Ottoman Dragoons, as shown in contemporary drawings and an original uniform in the Military Museum in Warsaw. The second figure shows a senior officer of the Ottoman Cossacks, and the third—a Cossack of the 1st Ottoman Cossack Regiment. Both these figures are taken from contemporary drawings and portraits. The 2nd Ottoman Cossack Regiment, which existed for a short time, had the same uniform as the 1st Regiment, except that its facings were white and not scarlet. All the Polish volunteer formations of the period between 1831 and 1863 endeavoured to preserve national charac­ teristics, or at least national colours, e.g., the Polish formations in the Spanish Foreign Legion, the Lombard Legion, the Polish-Hungarian Legions, the units par­ ticipating in the anti-German rising of 1848, the Ottoman Cossacks and Dragoons of 1853 and the succeeding years. Tablica przedstawia polskie formacje ochotnicze w Turcji w czasie wojny krymskiej. Polacy mieli nadziejg wykorzystac zbrojnq rozpraw^ panstw zachodnich z Rosjq dla wywalczenia niepodleglosci. Zaczgtd formowac ochotnicze oddzialy w skladzie wojsk tureckich. Dowodca ich Michal Czaykowski (Sadyk Pasza), goracy stronnik unii polskoukrainskiej, nadal niektorym formacjom nazwg kozakow. Oprocz tego powstaly oddzialy polskie na zoldzie brytyjskim, byla to wigc pierwsza w dziejaeh wojskowa wspolpraca migdzy Polskq a Wielkq Brytaniq. Dqzenie do zachowania cech lub przynajmniej barw narodowych widzimy we wszystkich polskich formacjach ochotniczych w okresie migdzy 1831 i 1863 r. (Polskie formacje hiszpanskiej Legii Cudzoziemskiej, Legion Lombardzki, Legiony Polsko-Wggierskie, jednostki powstania przeciwniemieckiego w 1848 r., kozacy i dragoni otomanscy 1853 i nastgpnych lat). Postac pierwsza to oficer wyzszy 2 pulku dragonow otomanskich podlug rycin wspolczesnych i oryginalnego munduru w Muzem Wojska w Warszawie. Postac druga— oficer wyzszy kozakow otomanskich. Postac trzecia—kozak 1. pulku kozakow otomanskich. Postacie drugq i trzeciq odtworzono podlug wspolczesnych rycin i portretow. 2 pulk kozakow otomanskich, ktory istnial rowniez przez krotki czas, mial mundur jak 1. pulk z tq.r6zh.icq., ze mial wylogi biale zamiast pqsowych. ��NATIONAL INSURRECTION OF 1863-1864 POWSTANIE STYCZNIOWE 1863-1864 Cavalryman, Officer of the “Death’s Zouaves,” Rifleman, Cavalryman. Kawalerzysta, oficer Zuawow Smierci, strzelec, kawalerzysta. This plate describes the period of the 1863-1864 National Insurrection. The Poles had never acquiesced in their loss of independence, and underground resistance went on without a break, while at every opportunity they rose to arms against one or another of the three partitioning powers. Whenever any one of the latter was involved in a war, Polish volunteer formations were at once raised on the side of its opponents. There were also attempts to stir up risings in Poland itself, such as the unsuccessful rising of Zaliwski in 1833, the anti-Austrian movement in Southern Poland in 1846 and the 1848 rising against the Prussians in Western Poland. The most important of these was the rising of 1863-1864, which embraced the whole part of Poland annexed by Russia and lasted over two years, although it was started without any organised regular army and had to fight the whole might of the Russian Empire. In this period there were many attempts to introduce uniform military dress, always of Polish pattern (such as the square cap) and incorporating traditional national features. An exception was the regiment of “Death’s Zouaves,” whose uniform was taken from a French pattern. The first figure is that of a cavalryman, taken from a photograph, the second an officer of the “Death’s Zouaves ” formed by the French Colonel Rochebrun ; it is reproduced from original articles of uniform in the Military Museum in Warsaw and from photographs. The third figure is that of a rifleman, taken from a photograph, and the fourth—a cavalryman. Tablica odpowiada okresowi powstania lat 1863-1864. W Polsce nigdy si§ nie pogodzono z utrat^. niepodleglosci. Op6r podziemny trwal bez przerwy, jednoczesnie przy kazdej nadarzaj^cej si§ sposobnosci chwytano za bron przeciw ktoremukolwiek z zaborcow : gdy tylko ktory z nich byl wmieszany w jak^s wojne, po stronie jego przeciwnikow powstawaly natychmiast ochotnicze formacje polskie. Byly tez proby wzniecenia powstania w kraju, jak na przyklad nieudale powstanie Zaliwskiego w r. 1833, antyaustriackie ruchy w Malopolsce w r. 1846 i powstanie przeciw Prusakom w Wielkopolsce r. 1848. Najpowazniejsze jednak bylo powstanie 1863-1864, ktore obj^lo caly zabor rosyjski i trwalo przez z gor^ dwa lata, mimo ze zostalo rozpocz^te bez zadnego zorganizowanego regularnego wojska, a musialo walczyc z cal^ pot^g^ imperium rosy]skiego. W okresie tego powstania byly liczne proby wprowadzenia jednolitego umundurowania, z zachowaniem cech charakterystycznych polskich (np. rogatywki i czamary). Wyj^tek stanowil pulk “Zuawow Smierci”, ktorego ubior byl wzorowany na francuskim. Postac pierwsza : kawalerzysta, podlug fotografii. Postac druga—oficer pulku Zuawow Smierci, sformowanego przez francuskiego pulkownika Rochebruna—jest odtworzona na podstawie oryginalnych cz^sci umundurowania w Muzeum Wojska Polskiego w Warszawie oraz fotografii. Postac trzecia—strzelec, podlug fotografii. Postac czwarta— kawalerzysta. ��PILSUDSKI’S LEGIONS 1914-1917 20 LEGIONT 1914-1917 Artillery Officer, Rifleman of the 2nd Brigade, Rifleman of the 1st Brigade, Lancer of Col. Belina’s Regiment. Oficer artylerii, strzelec SI Brygady, strzelec I Brygady, ulan Beliny. This plate deals with the period of the first World War, and shows the Legions of Pilsudski. These were the first regular Polish formations after a gap of many years, and were raised for the most part from the Polish riflemen’s associations and clubs already in existence before the war. They were organised with the idea that Poland, reborn in the cataclysm of war, should have in readiness cadres of soldiers trained according to her own regulations and traditions. The 1st and 2nd Brigades were formed almost simultaneously, each containing two infantry regiments, a lancer regiment, a regiment of artillery and a company of sappers. Then the 3rd Brigade was formed, con­ sisting of two regiments. The 1st Brigade, to a very large extent, formed a nucleus for the Polish Military Organisa­ tion, the aim of which had been to give military training to all classes of the Polish nation in preparation for an en­ visaged war against all three partitioning powers. The 2nd Brigade broke its way across the front in bitter fighting at Rarancza in 1917, and joined the Polish eastern formations as one entity. After the battle of Kaniow, fought against the Germans in 1918, the survivors went to France to join the Polish units which were being formed there. The first figure is that of an artillery officer, the second— a rifleman of the 2nd Brigade, the third—a rifleman of the 1st Brigade, the fourth—a lancer of the 1st or Colonel Belina’s Regiment. The 2nd Lancers, famous for their charge at Rokitna, were distinguished from the 1st chiefly by the fact that they had lower caps and short plumes instead of oval cockades. These modern uniforms show an endeavour to preserve individual and national characteristics. These drawings are taken from regulations or originals. Tablica dotyczy okresu pierwszej wojny swiatowej i przedstawia Legiony Pilsudskiego. Byly to po dhigoletniej przerwie pierwsze regularne formacje polskie, zorganizowane w przewaznej czgsci z istniejgcych juz przed wojng polskich zwiqzkow i druzyn strzeleckich, utworzonych z mysl^ walki o niepodleglosc oraz aby odrodzona w kataklizmie wojennym Polska mogla miec gotowe kadry zolnierzy wychowanych na wiasnych regulaminach i tradycjach. Prawie jednoczesnie powstaly I i II Brygady, kazda w sldadzie 2 pulkow piechoty, pulku ulanow, pulku artylerii i kompanii saperow. Nastgpnie sformowala sig jeszcze dwupulkowa III Brygada. I Brygada w wigkszosci swej stala sig rdzeniem Polskiej Organizacji Wojskowej, maj^cej na celu przygotowanie wojskowe najszerszych warstw narodu do przewidywanej walki przeciwko wszystkim trzem mocarstwom rozbiorowym. II Brygada przedarla sig przez front w cigzkiej walcez Austriakamipod Rarancz^ i polgczyla sig w jedna- calosc z polskimi formacjami wschodnimi tworz^c II Korpus Wschodni. Po bitwie z Niemcami pod Kaniowem (1918) resztki przedostaly sig do Francji, l^cz^c sig z tworzonymi tarn oddzialami polskimi. Postac pierwsza—oficer artylerii. Postac druga—strzelec II Brygady. Postac trzecia—strzelec I Brygady. Postac czwarta—ulan Beliny. 2 pulk ulan6w(wslawiony szarzc}. pod Rokitnq) roznil sig od pierwszego glownie tym, ze mial nizsze czapki i krotkie kity zamiast owalnej kokardy. Wszystkie formacje polskie z czasu wojny 1914-1918 musialy oczywiscie wykorzystywac istniej^ce zasoby umundurowania, starajqc sig jednak nadac im cechy narodowe. Wszystkie mundury z tej tablicy i nastgpnych s^ opracowane na podstawie przepisow lub zachowanych oryginalow. ��POLISH EASTERN CORPS 1917-1918 21 I KORPUS POLSKI NA WSCHODZIE 1917-1918 Sapper, Private of the 9th Infantry Regiment, Corporal of the 1st Lancers, Sergeant of the Horse Artillery. Szeregowiec pulku inzynieryjnego, szeregowiec 9 pulku piechoty, kapral 1. pulku uJanow, plutonowy artylerii konnej. This plate also represents the period of the First World War, and shows the First Polish Corps in the East. The Polish Eastern Corps was the largest Polish formation in the First World War. The first Polish units, originally small, were formed at the end of 1914, as the Pulawy Legion, but after the disintegration of the Russian army they were reinforced by a mass of Polish soldiers who had formerly been forcibly called up by the Russians ; they were then expanded to three corps, well-equipped and containing units of every arm. The first figure is a sapper of the Regiment of Engineers, the second—a private of the 9th Infantry Regiment. The infantry regiments were dis­ tinguished from each other by their collar-patches and piping. The colour of the patch indicated the number of the regiment in the division, and piping the divisional number. The order of the colours was crimson, white, yellow, blue. The third figure represents a corporal of the 1st Lancers (later the 1st Krechowce Lancers) noted for their six charges against the Germans at Krechowce in 1917. The Lancer Division of the 1st Corps consisted of three regiments, which preserved their traditional colours from the time of the Congress Kingdom, i.e. crimson for the 1st Regiment, white for the 2nd, and yellow for the 3rd. In the 1st Corps a lance-pennon on the collar was introduced to denote the cavalry ; this badge, a miniature of the actual pennon carried on the lance, was taken over by the army of restored Poland, and has been maintained up to the present day. The fourth figure is that of a sergeant of the Horse Artillery. (The Horse Artillery was the only arm in the 1st Corps which wore the square cap.) Tablica ta tez obejmuje/czasy pierwszej wojny swiatowej i przedstawia I Korpus Polski na Wschodzie. Najliczniejszymi polskimi formacjami podczas pierwszej wojny swia­ towej byly Polskie Korpusy Wschodnie. Pierwsze, poczQtkowo nieliczne, oddzialy polskie powstaly juz w koncu r. 1914 jako Legion Pulawski, lecz dopiero po rozpadniqciu siq armii rosyjskiej zostaly zasilone masowo naplywajqcymi zewszqd zolnierzami-Polakami, poprzednio przymusowo zmobilizowanymi przez Rosjan, rozrastajqc siq w trzy korpusy, bogato wyposazone i skladajqce siq z formacyj wszystkich rodzajow broni. Postac pierwsza—zolnierz pulku inzynieryjnego. Postac druga—zolnierz 9 pulku piechoty. Pulki piechoty roznily siq patkami na kolnierzu i wypustkami przy nich. Kolor patki oznaczal numer pulku w dywizji, kolor wypustki zas—numer dywizji. Kolejnosc kolorow : amarantowy, bialy, zolty, niebieski. Postac trzecia—kapral 1. pulku ulanow (pozniejszy 1. pulk ulanow krechowieckich), znanego ze swych szesciu szarz przeciw Niemcom podczas bitwy pod Krechowcami w roku 1917. Dywizja ulanow I Korpusu skladala siq z trzech pulkow, ktore zachowaly tradycyjne barwy z czasow Krolestwa Kongresowego, a mianowicie : 1. pulk—amarantowq, 2.—bialq, 3.—zoltq. W I Korpusie wprowadzono jako oznakq kawalerii proporczyk na kolnierzu ; oznaka ta, stanowiqca miniaturq pro­ porca noszonego na lancy, zostala tez przyjqta w wojsku Polski Odrodzonej i utrzymala siq do dnia dzisiejszego. Postac czwarta—plutonowy artylerii konnej (artyleria korma byla jedynym w I Korpusie rodzajem broni, ktory nosil rogatywki). ��POLISH FORCES IN FRANCE 1917-1919 Artillery Warrant Officer, Engineer Officer, Trooper of the Light Horse, Rifleman. Here are shown the Polish forces in France at the time of the First World War. As early as 1914 the first Polish volunteer unit, the Bayonne Legion, was raised on French soil at Bayonne. It fought as part of the French Foreign Legion and was almost completely wiped out in 1915. In 1917 began the formation of the Polish Army in France, which was commanded since the autumn of 1918 by General Josef Haller. In 1919 this army reached a strength of six divisions, made up of all arms, uniformed, equipped and armed on the French model. These divisions included a large number of Polish volunteers from America, mainly from the United States and Brazil, who flocked to the Polish standards and made good soldiers. These divisions came to Poland through Germany in the spring of 1919 and played a prominent part in the fighting of 1919 and 1920 to liberate Poland from foreign domination. They had partly adopted French collar patches, so that, for instance, the artillery had red collar patches, instead of the traditional Polish dark green or black. The first figure represents an artillery Warrant Officer, the second—an Engineer captain, the third—a trooper of the Light Horse (chevaux legers) and the fourth—a rifleman. All units of the infantry wore rifle badges (a horn). The regiments of various arms were distinguished from one another only by numbers. 22 ARMIA POLSKA WE FRANCJI 1917-1919 Podoficer artylerii, oficer saper6w, szwolezer, szeregowiec piechoty. Tablica przedstawia wojsko polskie we Francji w czasie pierwszej wojny swiatowej. Juz w roku 1914 powstal w Bajonnie pierwszy ochotniczy oddzial polski na ziemi francuskiej, tak zwany Legion Bajonczykow. Walczyl on w sldadzie Legii Cudzoziemskiej i niemal doszcz^tnie wygin^l w r. 1915. W r. 1917 rozpocz^to formowanie Armii Polskiej we Francji, ktorej dowodcq. od jesieni r. 1918 zostal general Jozef Haller. W r. 1919 Armia ta osi^gn^la sil? 6 dywizji zlozonych ze wszystkich rodzajow broni, umundurowanych, oporz^dzonych i uzbrojonych na wzor francuski. W sklad tych dywizji wchodzila bardzo znaczna ilosc Polakowochotnikow z Ameryki, ktorzy thimnie pospieszyli pod polskie sztandary i stanowili doskonaly element zolnierski. Dywizje te przybyly przez Niemcy do Polski na wiosn^ r. 1919 i wzi§ly chlubny udzial w walkach w r. 1919 i 1920 o wyzwolenie ziem polskich spod obcego najazdu. W umundurowaniu czQsciowo przyjeto barwy francuskie, tak na przyklad artyleria miala francuskie patki czerwone zamiast tradycyjnych ciemnozielonych lub czarnych. Postac pierwsza—starszy ogniomistrz artylerii ; postac druga—kapitan saperow ; postac trzecia—szwolezer ; postac czwarta—szeregowiec piechoty. Wszystkie jednostki piechoty nosily na kolnierzu oznaki strzeleckie (tr^bki). Pulki poszczegolnych rodzajow broni roznily siQ mi^dzy sobq tylko numerami. ��1919-1920 1919-1920 Lancer of the 15th Lancers, Private of a Western Poland Infantry Regiment, Officer of the 2nd Lancers, Infantry Officer. Ulan 15 pulku ulanow, szeregowiec piechoty wielkopolskiej, oficer 2 pulku ulanow, oficer piechoty. In this period (the war of 1918-1921) the Polish Army had to improvise uniforms out of what could be obtained, and thus wore re-fashioned German uniforms, old legionary uniforms, the uniforms of the Eastern corps, and even purchased British and American uniforms. The first figure represents a Lancer of the 15th Poznan Lancers—the second—a private of the Western Poland Infantry. In December 1918, in Western Poland (annexed by Prussia), the population rose with spontaneous force against the Germans. The volunteer insurgent units, which were organised in bitter fighting against the overwhelming strength of the regular German forces which had come from Germany to the rescue, managed to defeat the latter and became the nucleus of the three Western Poland Divisions and one Pomeranian Division, as well as eight cavalry regiments and some air force units. The third figure shows an officer of the 2nd Lancers, and the fourth an infantry officer in a uniform conforming to the first dress regulations of 1917, which was worn by some units up to 1920. The rank badges of an officer were shoulderstraps with a silver cord forming a trefoil, which were changed by army regulations of 1919 to the present badges of rank. In the background is a squadron of the 2nd Lancers on the march. Tablica odpowiada okresowi wojny 1918-1921. W tym okresie wojsko polskie musialo zaimprowizowac mundury z tych, jakie si? udalo dostac, noszono wi?c przerobione zdobyczne mundury niemieckie, stare mundury legionowe, cz?sciowo mundury korpusow wschodnich, a nawet zakupione partie mundurow brytyjskich i amerykanskich. W grudniu 1918 r. wybuchlo na polskich ziemiach zachodnich, w dawnym zaborze pruskim, z zywiolow?. sil<| powstanie przeciwko Niemcom. Ochotnicze formacje powstancze, organizuj^c si? w ci?zkich walkach z przewazaj?.cymi silami regularnych wojsk niemieckich, przybylych na odsiecz z Rzeszy, zdolaly je pokonac i staly si? zawiazkiem bitnych trzech dywizji wielkopolskich i jednej pomorskiej oraz 8 pulkow kawalerii i pewnych formacyj lotniczych. Postac pierwsza—ulan wielkopolski (15 pulk ulanow), postac druga—szeregowiec piechoty wielkopolskiej. Postac trzecia—oficer 2 pulku ulanow, postac czwarta—oficer piechoty w mundurze wedhig pierwszego przepisu z r. 1917, utrzymujacego ogolny typ munduru legionowego, jalci niektore oddzialy zachowaty jeszcze do r. 1920. Oznakami oficerskimi byly naramienniki ze srebrnego sznuia tworzQcego potrojn^. p?tl?, “trefle”, zamienione przepisem 1919 r. na obecne oznaki stopni. Tlem jest maszeruj^cy szwadron 2 pulku ulanow. ��1919-1920 Gunner cf the Horse Artillery, Aircraftsman of the Western Poland Air Force, Sapper, Lancer of the 3rd Lancers. This plate represents also the period of the 1918-1921 war. In order to unify the prevailing diversity of uniform, newdress regulations were established in 1919, and they remained in force with a few minor alterations until 1939. During the war of 1919-1920 they were introduced in a few units only. The regulations envisaged a single type of uniform and square cap, and a change of colour from steel-grey to khaki. They introduced a silver braid in a form of zigzag on the collar-patches for the whole army ; up to this time this had been worn only by the Legions. The gorget-patches of generals, all other officers and ranks differed only in the width of their braid. The prototype of this wavy pattern is to be found in the characteristic zigzags (vandykes) worn by Polish generals in the XVIIIth and XIXth centuries. For a considerable time the Cavalry continued to wear the traditional ‘ ‘ ulanka ’ ’ or lancer­ jackets, and round caps like those of the Eastern Corps. The first figure is that of a gunner of the Horse Artillery, the second an aircraftsman of the Western Poland Air Force. Apart from the latter units, which wore uniforms made over from German uniforms during the war, the entire Air Force adopted the general khaki uniform, with yellow collar patches, and wore this up to 1935, i.e. until the change-over to the new special uniforms of Air Force blue. Up to that time square caps with yellow bands were also worn by the Air Force. The third figure is that of a sapper in the uniform introduced by the new dress regulations of 1919—the fourth—a lancer of the 3rd Lancers. In the background is a battery of Horse Artillery. 1919-1920 Kanonier artylerii konnej, lotnik wielkopolski, caper, ulan 3 pulku ulanow. Tablica ta rdwniez przedstawia czasy wojny 1918-1921. Dla ujednostajnienia panujacej duzej rozmaitosci w umundurowaniu zostaly w r. 1919 wydane nowe ogolne przepisy mundurowe, ktore przetrwaly w wojsku polskim z niewielkimi zmianami az do r. 1939. W czasie wojny 1919-1920 roku wprowadzone byly jednak tylko w niektorych oddzialach. Przepis przewidywai jednolity kroj mundurow i rogatywki oraz zmiang koloru stalowoszarego na ochronny “khaki”. Na patkach kolnierza wprowadzal juz dla calego wojska, noszony przedtem tylko przez legionistow, srebrny haft w ksztalcie wqzyka. Wgzyki generalskie, oficerskie i szeregowych roznily sig migdzy sobq szerokoscig haftu. Prototypem tych wezykow byly charakterystyczne zygzakowate hafty na polskich mundurach generalskich z XVIII i XIX wieku. Najpozniej przepis ten przyjgl sig w kawalerii, ktora przez czas diuzszy nosila jeszcze ulanki oraz okr^gle czapki tak jak w korpusach wschodnich. Postac pierwsza—kanonier artylerii konnej, postal druga—szeregowiec lotnictwa wielkopolskiego. Oprocz lotnictwa wielkopolskiego, ktore w czasie wojny mialo mundury przerobione z niemieckich, cale lotnictwo przyjelo ogolnowojskowy mundur khaki z zoltymi patkami i nosilo go az do r. 1935, to jest do czasu przejscia na nowe odrgbne mundury stalowoniebieskie. ’do tego tez czasu obowi^zywaly w lotnictwie rogatywki z zoltymi otokami. Postac trzecia—-saper w mundurze wedlug nowego przepisu z 1919 r., postac czwarta—ulan 3 pulku ulandw. Tlo : bateria konna. ��1935 1935 General Staff Officer, General, Infantryman of the Frontier Defence Corps, Signalman. Oficer sztabu, general, szeregowiec piechoty K.O.P., szeregowlec wojsk l^cznosci. After her restoration to independence, Poland began to organise her armed forces. The destruction and im­ poverishment of the country and the necessity of relying exclusively on national resources forced Poland to base her defence on an army composed chiefly of infantry divisions and cavalry brigades. The size of her air force and armoured units was insufficient, although they were highly trained. With limited material resources, Poland initiated her own war industry, setting up the Central Industrial Region. By 1939 she had the prototypes of fine fighter-planes and light bombers, and was also turning out a certain amount of reconnaissance tanks, machine­ guns, cannon, anti-tank guns and mortars of excellent types. In Army uniform, tradition was observed mainly in the details. The first figure is that of a General Staff Officer (artillery). Staff officers wore the usual uniform of their arm with small silver eagles on the gorget patches, these eagles being the distinguishing badge of the General Staff. They wore silver aiguillettes also, as did generals. The second figure is that of a general, while the third shows an infantry­ man of the Frontier Defence Corps, which was formed to guard the long, open Eastern frontier, and was made up of picked, highly-trained men. In common with the Light Horse Regiments, this Corps did not wear the square caps worn by the rest of the Polish Army. The fourth figure shows a signalman of the Signal units wearing a soft square service cap, such as was worn by all ranks in the field, besides steel helmets. Odrodzona Polska przystqpila do organizacji swoich sil zbrojnych. Zniszczenie i zubozenie kraju oraz koniecznosc liczenia na wlasne wyhjcznie zasoby zmusily do oparcia swojej obrony na wojsku zlozonym przede wszystkim z dywizyj piechoty i brygad kawalerii. Ilosc lotnictwa i broni pancernej byla niedostateczna, jakkolwiek o wysokim poziomie wyszkolenia. Dysponuj?c ograniczonymi srodkami materialnymi Polska rozpocz?la rozbudow? wlasnego przemyslu wojennego, zakladajac Centralny Okrgg Przemyslowy. W r. 1939 Polska juz rozporz^dzala prototypami dobrych mysliwcow i lekkich bombowcow, produkowala tez pewne ilosci czolgow rozpoznawczych, karabin maszynowy, dzialko i karabin przeciwpancerny wysokiej klasy oraz dobry granatnik. W umundurowaniu tradycja przejawia sie raczej w szczegdlach. Postac pierwsza—dyplomowany oficer Sztabu Glownego (artylerzysta). Oficerowie dyplomowani nosili mundury swego rodzaju broni ze srebrnymi orlami na patkach kolnierza, stanowi^cymi ich oznak? ; procz tego nosili, jak i generalowie, podwojne sznury naramienne. Postac druga—general. Postac trzecia—szeregowiec piechoty Korpusu Ochrony Pogranicza, sformowanego dla strzezenia dlugiej, otwartej granicy wschodniej ; skladal si? z wyborowego i doskonale wyszkolonego zolnierza. Korpus ten oraz pulki szwolezerow stanowily jedyne jednostki wojska polskiego nie noszqce rogatywek. Postac czwarta—zolnierz wojsk l^cznosci w miqkkiej rogatywce polowej, jak^. noszono w polu, obok hehn6w, we wszystkich rodzajach broni. ��1939 1939 Trumpeter-Sergeant (Medium Artillery), Private of Infantry, Trooper of the 1st Light Horse, Pupil of a Military Secondary School. Ogniomistrz artylerii ci?zkiej (te?bacz), strzelec pulku piechoty, szwolezer 1. pulku szwolezerow, kadet. When the Germans began their invasion of Poland in September, 1939, Poland faced a task beyond her strength. Seventy-five German divisions, of which 14 were armoured and motorised, and several thousand aeroplanes gave the invader a three-fold numerical superiority, not to speak of the considerably greater fire power of his infantry divisions, a twenty-fold preponderance in armoured equip­ ment and a ten-fold superiority in the air. The Germans rapidly gained complete control of the air, and for the first time and with complete ruthlessness made use of new methods of total warfare. The Poles were not in a position to set off this preponderance by even the most stubborn fighting. The Germans had, however, to pay dearly for their victory, the losses of the Luftwaffe being particularly great. The Poles, who suffered heavy casualties both in the armed forces and amongst the civilian population, gained for the Allies precious time in which to prepare for war. The first figure is that of a trumpet-sergeant of the Medium Artillery. The semi-circular braid below his shoulder-straps is the badge of trumpeters and of the regimental bands. The blue and black cords of his trumpet, the colours of the Order of Virtuti Militari, show that this regiment was decorated with the Order. In other arms the Order was fastened to the Standard. The second figure is of an infantryman ; his red cord denotes infantry marksman’s proficiency. The third figure shows a trooper of the 1st Light Horse. There were three Light Horse Regiments, the cap-bands of the second regiment being white, and those of the third yellow. The fourth figure shows a cadet. The Cadet Corps, of which there were three, were colleges run on military lines. In the background is the Cracow Gate in Lublin. Kiedy 1 wrzesnia 1939 r. Niemcy rozpoczgli inwazjg, Polska stangla wobec zadania ponad jej sily. 75 dywizji niemieckich, w czym 14 pancernych i motorowych, oraz kilkatysigcy samolotow dawaly najezdzcy trzykrotna przewagg liczebn^, przy duzo wigkszej potgdze ognia dywizji niemieckich, dwudziestokrotn^ przewagg sprzgtu pancernego i dziesigciokrotn^. przewagg lotnicza. Niemcy szybko osiqgngli calkowite panowanie w powietrzu i po raz pierwszy z cala bezwzglgdnosci^ zastosowali nowe metody wojny totalnej. Najwigksza zacigtosc Polakow nie byla w moznosci wyrownac tej przewagi. Niemcy jednak drogo zaplacili za swoje zwycigstwo. Szczegolnie duze byly straty Luftwaffe. Polacy, ponosz^c cigzkie straty w wojsku i wsrod ludnosci cywilnej, zdobywali dla Sprzymierzonych cenny czas na przygotowanie sig do walki. Postac pierwsza—ogniomistrz artylerii cigzkiej (trgbacz). Polokr^gle naszycia pod naramiennikami stanowily oznakg trgbaczy i orkiestr pulkowych. Niebiesko-czarny sznur przy tr^bce, w koiorach orderu virtuti militari, ozriaczal, ze pulk byl dekorowany tym orderem. W innych rodzajach broni order przypinano na chorqgwi lub sztandarze. Postac druga—szeregowiec piechoty ; czerwony sznur strzelecki stanowi wyroznienie za celne strzelanie. Postac trzecia—szwolezer 1. pulku szwolezerow. Istnialy trzy pulki szwolezerow, kolor otokow drugiego byl bialy, trzeciego— zolty. Postac czwarta—kadet. Korpusy Kadetow, ktorych bylo trzy, stanowily srednie szkoly o typie wojskowym. Tlo stanowi Brama Krakowska w Lublinie. ��1939 Sailor, Air Force Cadet Officer, Sappers, Sapper N.C.O., Sergeant of a Tank Battalion. Here are shown figures representing the men who were the first in this war to take the mighty impact of the entire German war machine. The first figure is that of a Polish sailor. The beginnings of the Polish Navy date from the XVIth century, in the reign of Zygmunt August. There was, however, a greater expansion under Wladyslaw IV, when the navy won a great victory over the Swedish fleet off Oliva in 1629. After her restoration in 1918, Poland immediately pro­ ceeded to organise her navy. At the time of the outbreak of war in 1939 it was still too weak to face alone the Germans in the Baltic, and a considerable part of the fleet therefore received orders to join the Royal Navy, by whose side it has been fighting up to the present day. During the September campaign the Polish Navy distinguished itself both on sea and land, by the fine part it played in the defence of Gdynia and the Hel Peninsula. Sailors of the River Flotilla were among the formations which fought the last ranged battle against the invaders in October, 1939. After their unequal battle against German air superiority in Poland, many airmen also came to Great Britain. The second figure shows an Air Force Cadet Officer. The third, fourth and fifth figures are sappers in battle equip­ ment. The sixth is a corporal of sappers wearing a service cap, whilst the seventh is a sergeant of a Tank Battalion in field dress. In the background is an aeroplane, with Polish Air Force markings, and tanks. 1939 Marynarz, podchor^zy lotnictwa, saperzy, podoficer saperow, podoficer broni pancernej. Na rysunku widzimy postacie zolnierzy, jacy pierwsi w tej wojnie wziqli na siebie potqzne uderzenie calej wojennej machiny niemieckiej. Postac pierwsza—marynarz w ubiorze do sluzby na l^dzie. Zaczqtki marynarki polskiej pojawily siq juz w w. XVI za Zygmunta Augusta. Wiqkszy jednak rozwoj osi^gnqla marynarka polska dopiero za panowania Wladyslawa IV, kiedy odniosla znaczne zwyciqstwo nad flot^ szwedzkq. pod Oliwa w r. 1629. W Odrodzonej Polsce przysteypiono natychmiast do organizowania marynarki wojennej. W chwili wybuchu wojny byla ona jeszcze za slaba, aby samodzielnie stawic czolo Niemcom na Baltyku, totez znaczna jej czqsc otrzymala rozkaz dol^czenia do Floty Brytyjskiej, przy ktorej boku walczy do dnia dzisiejszego. Podczas kampanii wrzesniowej odznaczyla siq ona zarowno na morzu jak i na ladzie chlubnym udzialem w obronie Gdyni i Polwyspu Helskiego. Marynarze flotyHi rzecznej walczyli w skladzie grupy, ktora najdhizej stawiala zorganizowany op6r najezdzcom. Po nierownej walce z przewagQ niemieck^ w Polsce rowniez wielu lotnikow znalazlo siq w Wielkiej Brytanii. Postac druga—podchor^zy lotnictwa. Postacie trzecia, czwarta i piqta—saperzy w oporz^dzeniu bojowym. Postac szosta—kapral saperow w rogatywce polowej. Postac siodma sierzant z batalionu czolgow w ubiorze polowym. Tlo : samolot z oznakami polskiego lotnictwa i czolgi. ��POLISH FORCES IN FRANCE 19 40 WOJSKO POLSKIE WE FRANCJI 1940 Rifleman of the 2nd Division, Air Force Officer, Officer of the Highland Brigade, Grenadier of the 1st Division. Strzelec 2 dywizji strzelcow pieszych, oficer lotnictwa, oficer brygady strzelcow podhalanskich, grenadier 1. dywizji grenadierow. This plate shows the Polish forces in France in 1940. The first Polish military formations were created on French soil by voluntary enlistment, or by mobilisation of Polish citizens who had emigrated to France, and also by incorporating a large number of soldiers who had been through the September campaign in 1939, and had reached France by various routes. They came through many frontier barriers from Poland, from internment camps in Hungary and Rumania, and the Baltic States. These formations were created in spite of difficult conditions. The French army, which had mobilised vast numbers of men, lacked weapons and equipment, and units organised in the rear, such as the Polish units in Brittany, suffered from an acute lack of uniforms and equipment. The first detachments wore such uniforms as could be obtained. Horizon-blue uni­ forms from the last war could be seen with Alpine berets, and even French kepis, red with the navy blue band. (These were worn by some administrative units with an eagle badge.) Only after their arrival at the front did the Polish divisions receive complete field equipment. The first figure is that of a rifleman of the Sth Regiment of the 2nd Rifle Division (which fought in the Belfort sector). The Rifle regiments of this division were distinguished from each other by the piping on the light-green oblong collar patches. The second figure shows an Air Force officer in navy blue uniform of French type. The third is an officer of the Highland (Podhale) Rifle Brigade, which fought in Norway and distinguished itself at Narvik. The fourth figure represents a grenadier of the 1st Grenadier Division, which fought in the Maginot Line and in Lorraine. Pierwsze polskie formacje wojskowe na ziemi francuskiej powstaly z zaci^gu ochotniczego, a nast^pnie z mobilizacji obywateli polskich-emigrantow oraz z wcielenia licznych zolnierzy kampanii wrzesniowej r. 1939, ktorzy tlumnie przedostawali si§ roznymi drogami i przez wiele kordonow granicznych z Polski oraz z obozow internowanych na W^grzech, w Rumunii i w panstwach baltyckich. Tworzyly siq one w niezwykle trudnych warunkach zaopatrzenia, gdyz wojsku francuskiemu, ktore zinobilizowalo wielkie zasoby ludzkie, brakowalo sprzetu i wyposazenia. Zwlaszcza jednostki formujace si§ w strefie tylowej, a wiqc jak na przyklad polskie w Bretanii, odczuwaly dotkliwe braki w umundurowaniu i oporz^dzeniu. Totez pierwsze oddzialy mundurowano w co si§ dalo. Widywalo siq wtedy blekitne mundury z ubieglej wojny przy beretach alpejskich, a nawet kepi z czerwonym denkiem, typu garnizonowego (noszone z orzelkiem przez kompanie administracyjne). Dopiero po przybyciu do strefy frontowej dywizje polskie otrzymaly calkowite wyposazenie polowe. Postac pierwsza—strzelec 5 pulku 2 dywizji strzelcow pieszych (walczyla w obszarze Belfortu). Pulki strzelcow z tej dywizji roznily sie wypustkami na jasnozielonych podluznych patkach na kolnierzu. Postac druga—oficer lotnictwa w granatowym mundurze francuskiego typu. Postac trzecia—oficer Brygady Strzelcow Podhalanskich (walczyla w Norwegii, odznaczyla sie pod Narwikiem). Postac czwarta—grenadier 1. dywizji grenadierow (walczyla na linii Maginota i w Lotaryngii). ��(a) POLISH FORCES IN THE MIDDLE EAST 194 0-1942 Officer of the Carpathian Rifle Brigade, Sailor. (b) POLISH ARMY IN RUSSIA 1941-1942 Senior Officer, General, Rifleman. The first part of this plate shows two types of Polish fighting men in the Middle East, 1940-1942. Simultaneously with the rebirth of the Polish Army in France, the Car­ pathian Rifle Brigade was formed in Syria from veterans of the September 1939 campaign. After the fall of France it did not allow itself to be interned, but made its way through to Palestine by threat of arms, and there joined up with the British forces. As part of the famous Eighth Army it participated in the defence of Tobruk, in the Battles of Bardia and of Gazala. Next it was transferred to Iraq, where, after joining up with the Polish forces which had come from Russia, it was reorganised into a division. In the Mediterranean, Polish destroyers and submarines, and also ships of the Merchant Navy, took part in Malta convoys and in invasion operations on the coasts of Africa, Sicily and Italy. The first figure is that of an officer of the Carpathian Rifle Brigade, and the second is that of a sailor. The second part of the plate shows the Polish army in Russia in the winter of 1941-1942. This army, which was raised in extremely hard conditions both as to climate and supplies, was made up of Poles who had been taken as prisoners-of-war by the Russians in the September campaign of 1939, and of Poles who had been interned and scattered throughout the great areas of Russia. The Polish Forces in Russia were then moved to Iraq, where, after receiving British equipment and arms, they became part of the British Ninth Army. The first figure is a senior officer, the second a general, and the third a rifleman. 29 (a) WOJSKO POLSKIE NA BL. WSCHODZIE 1940-42 Oficer brygady karpackiej, marynarz. (b) WOJSKO POLSKIE W ROSJI 19 41-42 Oficer, general, strzelec. Czgsc pierwsza przedstawia wojsko. polskie na Bliskim Wschodzie w latach 1940-1942. Jednoczesnie z odrodzeniem sig wojska polskiego we Francji liczny prgd ochotnikow polskich, naplywaj^cy przez Balkany, skierowany zostal do Syrii. Z tego to w wigkszosci zahartowanego w bojach wrzesniowych zolnierza utworzyla sig Brygada Strzelcow Karpackich. Brygada ta po upadku Francji i zawieszeniu broni nie dala sig internowac i wymusila swoje przejscie z broniq. do Palestyny, gdzie polqczyla sig z wojskami brytyjskimi. W skladzie slynnej 8 armii brytyjskiej brala ona udzial w obronie Tobruku, zdobyciu Bardii i walkach pod Gazal^, po czym zostala przeniesiona do Iraku, gdzie po polgczeniu z formacjami polskimi przybylymi przez Persjg z Rosji rozrosla sig do dywizji. Polskie kontrtorpedowce i okrgty podwodne oraz statki handlewe na Morzu Srodziemnym braly udzial w konwojach na Maltg oraz w operacjach inwazyjnych u wybrzezy Afryki, Sycylii i Wloch. Postac pierwsza—oficer Brygady Strzelcow Karpackich w ubiorze tropikalnym. Postac druga—marynarz. Druga czgsc tablicy przedstawia wojsko polskie w Rosji w zimie 1941-1942. Tworzone w niezwykle trudnych warunkach klimatycznych i materialnych ,wojsko to, zlozone z jencow polskich wzigtych przez Rosjan w walkach we wrzesniu 1939 oraz internowanych i rozsianych po calej olbrzymiej przestrzeni rosyjskiej Polakow, zostalo przesumgte do Iraku, gdzie po otrzymaniu dlugo oezekiwanego uzbrojenia i oporz^dzenia brytyjskiego weszlo w sklad 9 armii brytyjskiej. Postac pierwsza—oficer, postac druga-general, postac trzecia—strzelec. ��POLISH FORCES IN GREAT BRITAIN 19 40-J943 Private of ar, Armoured Regiment, Corporal of the 14th Lancers, Paratroop, Lance-Corporal of a Commando Company, Air Force Officer, Naval Officer, Signalman (Dispatch rider), Artillery Officer. At the time of the tragic cessation of hostilities in France in June 1940, and in consequence of the agreement between General Sikorski and Mr. Churchill, which has already become historic, the British Navy succeeded in bringing over from the Continent a considerable part of those Polish units which had not been directly engaged in hostilities, and also the majority of the Polish Air Force. The Poles, loyal to their alliance, took up their position by the side of Great Britain, then isolated in a struggle which might have seemed hopeless. Polish units were given defence duties in an important sector of the Scottish coast and set up crews for several armoured train Groups. They also began to organise their own modern armoured units, parachute and commando troops. Polish airmen went into the fight at once. During the Battle of Britain in 1940 they brought down over 10 per cent. of the total of German planes destroyed. The number of bombing sorties carried out over enemy territory by Polish crews has at the time of writing reached about 6,500. The Polish squadfon in Coastal Command has sunk or damaged a number of enemy U-boats. Polish warships and merchantmen took part in actions, expeditions and convoys on most of the Seven Seas, not excepting the Far East. The first figure is that of a private in an Armoured Regiment. All armoured units have preserved the former orange-and-black three-cornered collar pennon, which tank formations used to wear in Poland. This does not apply to the regiments of armoured mechanised cavalry, i.e. those derived from units, which have kept their regimental lance-pennons on collars. The units which belonged to the 10th Cavalry Brigade wore a black shoulder-strap on the left shoulder in memory of the September Campaign in Poland, when they wore black leather jackets. The remaining figures are described in the caption above. The last figure, that of an artillery officer, wears a square service cap of 1936 model. WOTSKO POLSKIE V/ WIELKIE J BR % TANII19 40-1943 Szezegowiec pulku pancemego, kapzal 14 puJku kawalezii panceznej, spadochzbniazz, st. stzzeleo kompanu sztuzmowe, piechoty (“Commando”), oflcez lotnictwa, oScez mazynazta wojennej, szezegowiec szwadzonu l,cznsoci dywtzjz panceznej, oficer artylerii. W chwili tragicznego zakonczenia walk we Francji w czerwcu 1940 r. marynarka brytyjska, na skutek historycznego juz dzis porozumienia si? gen. Sikorskiego i premiera Churchilla, zdolala przewiezc z kontynentu znaczn^ cz?sc nie zaangazowanych bezposrednio w walce formacji polskich oraz wi?kszosc lotnictwa. Wiemi swojemu sojuszowi Polacy stan?li przy boku osamotnionej wowczas Wielkiej Brytanii w jej walce, ktora si? mogla wtedy wydawac beznadziejn^. Oddzialy polskie obj?ly straz nad odcinkiem wybrzeza w Szkocji oraz utworzyly zalogi kilku dywizjonow poci^gow pancernych, jednoczesnie zas przyst^piono do organizowania nowoczesnych jednostek pancer­ nych, spadochronowych i szturmowych (commandosow). Lotnicy polscy od razu wzi?li udzial w walce. Podczas bitwy o Wielk? Brytani? w 1940 r. str^cili oni ponad 10% ogolnej ilosci zniszczonych samolotow niemieckich. Hose wykonanych lotow bombowych na terytoria nieprzyjacielskie przekroezyla do chwili pisania tej pracy okolo 6500. Dywizjon polski w Dowodztwie Obrony Wybrzeza zatopil i uszkodzil szereg okr?t6w podwodnych. Polskie okr?ty wojenne i statki handlowe bior^ udzial w walkach, wyprawach i konwojach na wszystkich niemal morzach nie wylaczajqc Dalekiego Wschodu. Postac pierwsza—szeregowiec pulku pancernego. Bron pancerna zachowala swe dawne pomaranczowo-czarne, trojkqtne proporczyki, noszone jeszcze w Polsce przez formaeje czolgowe. Wyj^tkiem sa pulki kawalerii pancernej, to jest pochodz^ce z jednostek konnych, ktore zachowaly swe proporczyki pulkowe. Formaeje, ktore nalezaly do 10 Brygady Kawalerii, nosz^ naramiennik czarny dla upami?tnienia walk we wrzesniu 1939 r. w Polsce, kiedy to nosily czarne kurtki skorzane. Ostatnia postac—oficer artylerii w rogatywee garnizonowej wzoru r. 1936. Opis pozostalych postaci—w naglowku tablicy. �w B•‘S ic ] i " ■ �All Copyrights Reserved. Made in Great Britain. London 1944, �CT �� Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Polish Room scrapbooks Description An account of the resource A collection of scrapbooks created by the Polish Committee from the 1940s through the present day. Materials included in the scrapbooks include photographs, correspondence, pamphlets, newspaper clippings, and other ephemera on the Polish Room at E.S. Farley Library and Polish-American contributions in the Wyoming Valley. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Polish Committee Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1940s through present day. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Polish Armed Forces Through The Ages, Polskie Siły Zbrojne W Ciągu Wieków 1944 Subject The topic of the resource Poland--Armed Forces--History Description An account of the resource Published in 1944, "Polish Armed Forces Through the Ages" features a foreword by General Marian Kukiel, alongside contributions from Władysław Dziewanowski and Antoni Minkiewicz. The volume showcases art from active and former members of the Polish military, documenting the history of various military units. Kazimierz Pankiewicz provided much of the visual content, recreating military plates from territories then under German or Soviet occupation. The Minister of War from the government-in-exile contributed to the text, making the work a piece of wartime propaganda that emphasizes the struggle for Polish sovereignty. The post-war political climate in Poland ultimately determined the fate of many contributors. The new government in Warsaw exiled many of the veterans who had fought against the Nazi occupation. General Kukiel, a highly decorated officer and scholar who commanded Polish units under British command, faced political opposition and eventually lost his citizenship. This widespread displacement forced many soldiers to seek new lives abroad, leading to the growth of Polish communities in areas such as Northeastern Pennsylvania. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Kukiel, Marian Włodzimierz, 1885 - 1973. Pacewicz, Kazimierz, 1895 - 1974 Dziewanowski, Władysław, 1894 - 1951. Minkiewicz, Antoni, 1900 - 1984 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1944 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource PDF Type The nature or genre of the resource Book https://omeka.wilkes.edu/omeka/files/original/785b458a38ecc4d22a6c6a41e284c76c.pdf 3861d4efd1ff94d91b15ac5478f509b1 PDF Text Text ���ALBUM LEGJONOW POLSKICH �ALBUM LEGJONOW POLSKICH OBSZERNY ZB1OR ILUSTRACJI Z DZIEJOW LEGJONOW POLSKICH ZE WSTBPEM CZ. LUKASZKIEWICZA ■ NAKLADEM CENTRALNEGO KOMITETU OBRONY NARODOWEJ CHICAGO, 1918. ��SWIT CZYNU ktorzy wiedzieli, jakie straszliwe szczerby poczynii w szeregach niepodleglosciowych upadek rewolucji w pierwszym dziesiatku biezacego wieku, serce si? krajalo na mysl co si? stanie ze sprawa polska w razie wybuchu wojny swiatowej. Najlepsze sily, najwi?ksze umysly, najbardziej ofiarne charaktery, wszystko to, albo gnilo po wi?zieniach rosyjskich, albo martwiafo na Sybirze, albo tez zylo w rozproszeniu, poza granicami kraju. Na miejscu trwala tylko garstka. Z koniecznosci tedy caly ruch powstanczy skoncentrowai si? w Galicji, a drobne formacje strzeleckie i druzynowe, rozsiane w glownych centrach europejskich, staly si? oazami, w ktorych bezustannie wrzalo przygotowanie do wyst^pienia zbrojnego. D.o pewnego stopnia opoznialo i rozwlekalo robot? rozdzielenie si? mlodziezy na dwa obozy, jednakowoz i ono mialo w wielu wypadkach swojq. dobra stron?. Wywolywalo mianowicie szlachetna konkurencj?, ktora powoli wyrodziia si? w obopolny szacunek, a w chwili wybuchu wojny, znikia bezpowrotnie. Ludzie ci’ mlodzi zrozurrbieli nieubiagana koniecznosc zjednoczenia wszystkich wysilkow obok jednego, wspolnego sztandaru, to tez gdy nadszedi dzieri wybuchu wojny, nie bylo mi?dzy ninii ani jednego, ktoryby interesy swojego zrzeszenia, sprawy partyjne, lub spoleczne, przeniosl ponad 6w silny rozkaz wewn?trzny, jaki zmuszal kazdego do poddania si? jednej komendzie i jednemu wodzowi. Na szcz?scie miala Polska czlowieka, ktory w osobie swojej umiai uzewn?trznic wszystko to, czego narod moze wytnagac od —i— swego Naczelnika. Miala Polska Pilsudskiego, wraz z calym jego doswiadczeniem cwiercwiecznym, wraz z jego rozurnem i umiej?tnoscia wykorzystania kazdej sytuacji. A sytuacja ta byla wprost straszliwa. Miljony ludnosci polskiej zgnusnialej w bezczynie politycznym, miljony, pozbawione oswiaty, zaghiszone wiekowa niewola mysli i czynu, nie mogly zdobyc si? na nic wiecej, jak na owa haniebna neutralnosc, na przypatrywanie si? blyskawicom i piorunom z mina bezmyslnego zwierz?cia, nie mogly si? zdobyc na nic wi?cej, jak na pokorne znoszenie “woli bozej” ze zgi?tym grzbictem dobrze wytresowanego niewolnika. Baly si? slorica, baly si? swiatla, l?kaly si? przebudzenia. “Niech na calym swiecie wojna, byle polska wies spokojna. . Ocucic takie spoleczeristwo, wpoic w nie zrozumienie konie­ cznosci Czynu, zmusic do walki, bylo zadaniem, przechodziicym sily nietylko jednego czlowieka, ale nawet jednego pokolenia. Sto stone potrzeba bylo na rozjasnienie ciemnosci, panujacej wszechwiadnie w Polsce, a nie bylo ani jednego. Gdyby Polska w czasie swej niewoli zdolala byla stanac na tym stopniu rozwoju kulturalnego, jak Finlandja, z pewnoscia obok Pilsudskiego stan?lyby odrazu zast?py stutysi?czne, a nie garsc stracehcow. Tymczaseni spoleczehstwo polskie spalo i oprocz trwogi, nie mogio si? wykazac zadnym innym uczuciem. I do takiego to spoleczehstwa mialy trafic ostre a przytym peine majestatu i godnosci narodowej slowa Pilsudskiego: �“Wybiia godzina rozstrzygaj^ca! Polska przestala bye niewolnica i sama chce stanowic o swoim losie, sama chce budowac sw$ przyszlosc, rzucajac na szal? wypadkow wlasna sil? or?zn^. Kadry armji polskiej wkroezyly na ziemi? Krolestwa Polskiego, zajmujac ja na rzecz jej wlasciwego, istotnego, jedynego gospodarza: Ludu polskiego, ktory ja swa krwawica uzyznil i wzbogacil.” Program prosty i zwi?zly, a jednak nie zrozumiany przez miljony dusz polskich. “Niesiemy calemu Narodowi rozkucie kajdan, poszczegolnym zas jego warstwom warunki normalnego rozwoju.” Coz, kiedy te kajdany tak si? juz wgryzly w cialo niewolnicze, ze garsc zaledwie odwazyla si? je zrzucic z siebie. “Z dniem dzisiejszym caly narod skupic si? winien w jednym obozie pod kierownictwem Rzadu Narodowego. Poza tym obozem zostan^ tylko zdrajcy, dla ktorych potrafimy bye bezwzgl?dni.” Narod winien si? skupic, a tymczasem rozbiegi si?, jak owce bez pasterza, pozwolil na to, ze na jego orjentacj? polityezna wplynal nie Pilsudski, krew z krwi i, kosc z kosci naszych bohaterow, ale zbydl?cony major pruski, ktory kazal bombardowac Kalisz... Straszliwe bylo polozenie Polski w chwili wybuchu wojny; zdawalo si?, ze grunt si? z pod nog usuwa niesmiertelnej Idei, reprezentowanej przez Pilsudskiego. Zrozumieli to niezadlugo potym ludzie szlachetni wszelkich odcieni partyjnych, a przywodca konserwatystow galicyjskich, a wi?c tym samym do niedawna przeciwnik polityezny Pilsudskiego, uderzyi si? w piersi i powiedzial otwarcie: “Wodzu!... Do czynu, ktorys Ty stworzyl, nie bylismy przygotowani, nietylko materjalnie, ale nawet moralnie'. .. Tys nam wskazal drog?, po ktorej isc mamy.. Droga ta byla prosta, a zwlaszcza pierwszy jej etap. “Zolnierze pierwszej kompanji! Polska powierza Warn pierwszym chwal? i zaszczyt walczenia z wrogiem. Macie si? bic, umierac i zwyci?zac dla Ojczyzny! Haslo wasze: “Smierc Rosji!” Zolnierze polscy, ta garsc pierwszych bojownikow w dlugim szeregu bohaterow, rozumieli doskonale, ze Polska nie da si? odbudowac inaczej, jak na gruzach caratu. Poszli tedy, by walczyc, umierac i zwyci?zac.. . KOLKI “Zbroj si? narodzie, zbroj si?, zbroj 1 Zygmuntow dzwon Ci dzwoni — O wojsku spi^cym sen si? Tw6j Dzis jawi. . . hej! do broni!” W noc z piatego na szostego sierpnia zblizyli si? do kordonu granieznego, a wreszeie stan?li na ziemi Krolestwa Polskiego. Run?ly rogatki rosyjskie i slupy graniezne, a narod nasz rozpocz^l krwia swoich najlepszych synow pisac nowa kart? historji polskiej, kart? pelna lez i bolu,' kart? brzemiennq. pozoga i kl?skami, ale pelna rycerskiej dumy, jasniejQ.ca honorem odrodzonym, jasniej^ca nadziejq... . PIERWSZE BOJE OZPOCZl^LY si? wreszeie nowe boje polskie, boje dr°bneJ garsci zolnierzykow polskich, uzbrojonych w stare “werndle”, ucierajacych si? zawszez przewazajaca sila gwardzistow carskich. Pierwsza komPanJa zajmuje Miechow po malej. utarczce juz na dzieii p0 przekroezeniu granicy Krolestwa, a potym wzmocniona druga i trzecia, zatyka sztandar polski w J?drzejowie, a 13 sierpnia maszeruje na Kielce. Przeciw 340 polskim strzelcom walczy 16,000 moskali pod dowodztwem jenerala Nowikowa, ktory szczyci si? tym, ze ogniem swoich armat zmusil strzelcow do odwrotu. Podpulkownik Sosnkowski, kierujacy odwrotem, l^czy si? pod Ch?cinami z drugim bataljonem polskim, a Pilsudski objawszy komend?, rozbija wojska rosyjskie pod J?drzejowem i obszedlszy prawe skrzydlo nieprzyjaciela, bierze Kielce poraz drugi w imi? Polski powstaj^cej. Stalo si? to dnia 15 sierpnia, na jeden dzien przed pami?tnym Zjazdem w Krakowie, na ktorym zawi^zano Naczelnjr Komitet Narodowy. Smialy czyn Pilsudskiego i pierwsze boje jego malej druzyny zrobily wylom w poj?ciach spoleczenstwa polskiego, ktorego pizedstawiciele wzi?li w opiek? ten bohaterski zawiazek armji naszej. Uniesienie i podziw ogarnia nagle kraj’ caly, a mlodziez uniwersytecka, wlosciahska i rzemieslnicza spieszy gromadnie w szeregi Legjonow. *3 — 2 — �Karnosc i wytrwalosc mlodych zolnierzy polskich staje si? podstawa zjednoczenia mysli polskiej, staje si? podstawa skupienia sil harodu i podlozem wspanialego gmachu panstwowosci polskiej. Zbudzil si? ze snu dlugiego dawny ulan polski, jasnieiacy tradycyjnym blaskiem ksi?cia Jozefa i Samossierczykow i wcielit si? w Belin?-Prazmowskiego i jego pierwszych szesciu podkomendnych. Powiedziano ini na wyjezdnym, ze zaden z nich zdrowo nie powroci, ale nie spelnila si? przepowiednia. Wrocili w wi?kszej gromadzie i wykonali swietnie swoje zadanie. Wystraszyli rosyjska komisj? mobilizacyjna i przyniesli j?zyka. Rosli w liczb? ulani i rosly sily polskie, a pierwszy pulk Le­ gjonow niezadiugo znalazl si? na froncie bojowym az pod D?blinem. Nie zagrzal tam dingo miejsca, bo nadeszla wkrotce koniecznosc cofania si? w najbardziej uci^zliwych okolicznosciach... Pilsudski prowadzii i pokazal co umie. Rozpoczal si? ten siynny w historji toczQ,cej si? wojny odwrot dnia 31 pazdziernika. Szli strzelcy z Bodzentyna w Gory Swi?tokrzyskie, odbierajac od wodza pochwaiy za bohaterskie boje pod Anielinem i Laskami. Dnia 9 listopada rozpocz?la si? bitwa pod Krzywopiotami, w ktorej wzi?io udziai 1300 strzelcow z Pilsudskim na czele. Mimo ciemnej nocy ruszyl Pilsudski marszem pospiesznym z Wolbromia na wschod i dostal.si? w ten sposob klinem w.sam srodek sil rosyj­ skich, ktore ze wszystkich stron zalewaly linj? rzeki Dlubrii. Korpusy rosyjskie parly na zachod na linji Miechow-Slomniki, a Pilsudski stanal we wsi Uliwa Mala, niespostrzezony przez nikogo. Przez dzien wypoczywano w ukryciu, ale juz okolo poludnia zaatakowali naszych kozacy. Niezadiugo potym stwierdzono, ze wszystkie drogi, prowadzace do armji austrjacko-niemieckiej, sa juz zaj?te przez rosjan. Pierwszy pulk Legjonow Polskich, chwala i nadzieja narodu, zostal odci?ty! Ale Pilsudski nie namyslal si? dlugo. Nie mogl przedostac si? przez mur rosyjski, jaki mial przed soba, wi?c postanowil obejsc go w tym miejscu, gdzie go si? najmniej spodziewano. Ruszyl na poludniowy wschod i przedzieral si? ku Krakowowi. Bron nienabita. W razie spotkania nieprzyjaciela uzywano jedynie bagnetu. Drogi i trakty, nawet najmniejsze, obsadzone byly szczelnie silnymi oddzialami rosyjskimi; musieli tedy strzelcy przedzierac si? przez lasy, bagna i jary, unikajac starannie swiatla reflektorow artylerji rosyjskiej. Kilkadziesiat kilometrow prowadzii Pilsudski, idq.cy na cze­ le szpicy swoja kolumn?, az wreszcie stanal na szosie krakowskiej. Tam zacz?la si? tragikomedja, gdyz strzelcy znalezli si? na tylach roznych pomniejszych oddzialow rosyjskich, ktore uciekaly w poplochu, nie wiedzac skad si? nieprzyjaciel wzial poza.nimi, Dnia 11 listopada o godzinie 4 po poludniu stanal Pilsudski na rynku krakowskim, wiodac jehcow i nieslychanie cenne informacje, nie straciwszy doslownie ani jednego czlowieka! Krakow odzyl — Pilsudski byl znowu mi?dzy swoimi. . . WALKI NA I’ODHALU ODCZAS, gdy dwa bataljony Legjonow wstrzymywaly walecznie ataki znacznych sil rosyjskich pod Wolbromiem i Krzywopiotami, Pilsudski ruszyl na cze^e pierwszego pulku na Podhale, aby stamtq.d wyrzucic rosjan, pustoszacych wsie gorskie. Zacz?jy si? waikj we wsj p)obrej dnja 23 listopada, a juz na drugi dzieri udalo si? dwom kompanjom ogarnac i zabrac do niewoli caly szwadron rosyjski wraz z pi?cioma oficerami. Dnia 13 grudnia weszli Legjonisci do Nowego Sacza, witani owacyjnie przez ludnosc. Tydzieh trwal wypoczynek i reorganizacja szczuplych sil polskich, ktore urosly juz do wielkosci brygady. Dnia 20 grudnia ruszyl Pilsudski na dalsze boje. Przed nim rozposcierala si? olbrzymia armja Radki Dmitrjewa, zlozona z czterech korpusow, z ktorych jeden, siynny z pogardy smierci (21), znalazl si? naprzeciw pierwszej brygady pod Lowczowkiem. Komend? objai szef sztabu Sosnkowski, ktory bronil pozycji swoich ponad wszelkie przypuszczenia. Z rak strzelcow pol- gs �skich padio okolo 4,000 zabitych i rannych, do niewoli polskiej dostalo si? 600 zolnierzy i 18 oficerow. Brygada stracila 110 w zabitych, 201 w rannych. Zolnierze dokazali endow walecznosci, a wzi?cie do niewoli calego sztabu pulku benderskiego przez drobny patrol polski, okrylo slawei podoficera Swiderskiego i jego kilku ludzi. Padli na pobojowisku dzielni oficerowie: Kuba-Bojarski, Slomka, Nielski, Zagorski i K?dzierski. Krol-Kaszubski, ranny, dostal si? do niewoli i zawisl niedhigo potym na szubienicy rosj’jskiej. Piechota polska przezyla tinje straszliwego i krwawego tryumfu. lecz nie zaznala odpoezynku. “Ty nie znasz, co to l?k — twe m?stwo nie zna granic — Zablysn^l oto swit — znow idziesz w boj z ochot^; Wiedz: tys jest polski, bojuj^cy szaniec Piechoto!...” Od krwawego boju pod Lowczowkiem zaslyn?lo szeroko imi? Sosnkowskiego. Odwaga, przytomnosc umyslu i zimna krew, umiej?tnosc rozkazywania i szybkiego wykonywania planow, zapewniiy Sosnkowskiemu jedno z najwybitniejszych miejsc w dziejach nowoezesnej wojskowosci polskiej. A pod okiem jego i brygadjera Pilsudskiego rosla brygada pierwsza i zmieniaia si? w pierwszorz?dna formacj? bojowa. Male gorskie dzialka raajora Brzozy, tak ch?tnie wysmiewane przez wesolkow obozowych, nakazaly szacunek dla siebie swoja dzialalnoscia skuteezna. Kawalerja polska, pierwszy dywizjon, stala si? wkrotce ulubiencem calego narodu. Formowala si? w ogniu i sama byla, jak ogieri. Rzucic si? jednemu ulanowi na dziesi?ciu, to nie bylo nic! Brawura zwykla, codzienna. .. A juz najcharakterystyczniejsza cecha pierwszej Brygady, to byla jej gospodarka. Taka braterska, domowa, ze w innych armjach nie zrozumianoby jej nawet! Stworzono wspoln^ kas? oficerska, z ktorej kazdy oficer bral 100 koron miesi?cznie, bez wzgl?du na stopieri, a kazdy zolnierz 10 koron, chory zas lub ranny 150 koron. Takiego tistroju rownosci i braterstwa nie mialo jeszcze zadne wojsko swiata. Chy ba ci, zapomniani dzis legjonisci Dabrowskiego, Kniaziewicza, Godebskiego, alec to tez ojee duehowi pierwszej bryga­ dy... Nie przerwala si? cudna nic, wi^ca szlachetn^ przeszlosc z ofiarna terazniejszosci^.. • . . . I coz dziwic Sis, ze wszystko, co szlachetmejsze i zdrewsze w narodzie, garnfio si? ochoczo pod sztandar P.lsudsk.ego? Ze nawet okolice, wyczerpane wojn^, pozbawtone rekruta um.aly z pod ziemi wydobywac grosze i ludz. 1 zasdac Legjony? Tak zrobito Podhale, a za nim poszly inne ziemie polskie. . Rosla pierwsza Brygada, a wraz z rosto i potszmaio pragnienie zobaczenia stolicy - Warszawy, oswobodzonej z mo‘kiewskiego najazdu, oczekujacei w swych murach najwierniejszveh swych dzieci, szarych zotnierzykow Legjonowych. ' A wraz z tfsknota i nadziej?, rozsadzaia piers zolmerska piesn stara w melodji, nowa w slowach, ozywcza i pewna siebie: “Marsz, masz Pilsudski! Prowadz na boj krwawy — Za twoim przewodem Wejdziem do Warszawy!. . .” PI ERWSZE WALKI DRUGIEJ IJRYCADY “Jakoby pielgrzym, wpatrzony w slohca zloto, Choc ze znuzenia slania si? i pada — Idzie wei^z naprzod z wieczyst^ t?sknotq. Druga Brygada.” YLA to rzeczywiscie pielgrzymia Brygada. Wywiodla si? ze szczq.tk6w rozbitego przez rodzime B0R5 zaprzaristwo Legjonu Wschodniego. Drugi i trzew ci bataljon pierwszego pulku byl jej podstawq.. Rzuk $0$ cono te dwa bataljony w pierwszych dniach pazdziernika 1914 roku na W?gry i w kilka dni juz moskale uciekli przed naszymi Legjonistami, pobici na leb i na szyj? P°d Marmaros Sziget. W?grzy witali zbawcow i przyjmowali ich po krolewsku. Zgraja kozacka cofn?la si? szvbko do przel?czy karpackich. r xj Dnia 13 pazdziernika wdarl si? komendant 3 bataljonu, J6ze a er zolnierz zawolany, jeden z najlepszych, jakich kampanja karpacka wydala. >■ AAAAf 'i W*l'tdl’a7sionazeStrzelc‘ teztycbzesp^- _ _ . v Tyfe. ze roznicy juz nuedzy n J iso ma zap<jinniec tnidy wojenne i to s Diyfezeponosnaswiecie. Po Mofotkowie bronia oba pulki wwejsiecopewien czas linji stra I ^^sBzj-cyNadwoniianskieT. r. i Y ^’^“moszalon™- ■■ rCe S ■ A’fU �Rozpocz?ly si? zwyci?skie boje pod Pasieczna i Pniowem. Twarda drog?, okrutna i bezlitosna, jaka legjonisci przebyli przez Karpaty, wynagrodzilo wzi?cie Nadworny d. 24 pazdziernika. Ale ilez trudow poniesc musial zolnierz polski, zanim drog? t? przebyl! Bez pjonierow, bez saperow, ba! bez materjalow zadriych, bez zelaza i betonu, stawial mlody zofriierz polski most za mostem, wyciosywal drog? w kamieniu, nietkni?tym ludzkq, nogg. i darl si? na moskali po przez krwawa Rafajlow?. A nad tym zolnierzem czuwali dwaj wodzowie, pewni siebie i pewni zwyci?stwa: Haller i Zielinski, oraz szef sztabu Zagorski, prawa r?ka glownego komendanta gien. Durskiego. Zaraz po Nadwornej bili si? pod Hwozdem i pod Mielnikami, az przyszla wielka bitwa na polach i wzgorzach Molotkowa. Pami?tna data — 29 pazdziernika. Nie bylo to zwyci?stwo, uwienczone posuni?ciem si? naprzod, ale byla walka malej garsci miodego, ochotniczego wojska polskiego z olbrzymia stosunkowo sila rosyjskiej armji regularnej. W ogniu tych walk mieli sposobnosc miodzi oficerowie popisac si? sztuka wojskow^, przyniesiona ze Strzelca, z Druzyn i ze Sokola. Bo nie brakowalo w drugiej Brygadzie przedstawicieli zadneg'o z tych zespoiow. Tylko, ze roznicy juz mi?dzy nimi nie bylo zadnej. Kazaly im o tym zapomniec trudy wojenne i to silne kolezehstwo bitewne, najsilniejsze ponos na swiecie. Po Molotkowie bronia oba pulki polskie, drugi i trzeci, zmieniajacej si? co pewien czas linji strategicznej, walcz^ dzielnie o obron? Bystrzycy Nadworniahskiej, o utrzymanie Zielonej i Rafajlowej. Podchodza mimo szalonego naporu wroga az pod Pasieczn?. Przykry los wojenny rozdzielil na pewien czas oba pulki. Grupa podpulkownika Hallera broni w dalszym ciagu doliny By­ strzycy i czuwa nad Rafajlow^., grupa pulkownika Zielihskiego idzie na lewe skrzydio armji wschodnio-karpackiej. Dwa miesiace bronili nasi Rafajlowej, az wreszcie dnia 26 stycznia moskale cofn?li si? na Zielong.. Poznali wtedy rosjanie z kirn majg. do czynienia. Ich brawurowy atak na pozycje polskie w nocy z dnia 23 na 24 stycznia, spotkal si? z taka odpowiedzig. legjonistow, ze i napoleohska gwardja nie mogla byla dac lepszej. iiiisiiii — 5 — Zasiyn?iy wowczas nazwiska polskich oficerow: Roji, Minkiewicza, Zajq.ca, Udalowskiego, W?glowskiego, Terleckiego, Sokolowskiego, Szula i Wojnara. Od Kirlibaby ruszyly zast?py polskie na Jezupol. W ostatnich dniach stycznia zaj?li legjonisci Briaz?, a pierwszego lutego zaatakowaiy Lucin?, poczym ruszyly pod Moldawe. a wreszcie dnia 6 lutego wzi?ly Kimpolung. He trudow to kosztowalo, ile poswi?cenia — to juz osobna historja. Dnia 15 lutego zaj?li Legjonisci Stanowce na Bukowinie, w trzy dni potym wkroczyli do Sniatynia. Szli wreszcie przez Stesow^, Horoderik? i Kolomyj?. Wsz?dzie witano ich chlebem i sohj. W ostatnich dniach lutego rozlozyly si? Legjony nad Dniestrem na odcinku stukilometrowym. W centrum dowodzili: Lorsch i Launhardt, lewe skrzydio mial pod soba Zaleski, prawe Januszajtis. Dnia 1 marca po zaci?tej bitwie, w ktorej decydujjjcq. rol? odegral karabin maszynowy chorazego Lewickiego, wzi?to Je­ zupol. Lewe skrzydio posuwaio si? rownoczesnie ku Tlumaczowi. . W walce o Nizniow odznaczyi si? oficer Harhart, ktoremu udalo si? w najgorszych warunkach obsadzic wylot wielkiego mostu. W Jezierzanach dlugo trwai boj zawzi?ty, az wreszcie udalo si? wbic klinem w zast?py rosyjskie i zajac Tlumacz. Utrzymal go bataljon kapitana Launhardta, az do chwili wyrownania si? linji polskiej przez zaj?cie pozycji mi?dzy Bortnikami, a Korolowka na Lysej G6rze. Januszajtis przy pomocy jednego dzialka przep?dzil moskali ze wsi Korolowki niespodziewanym nocnym napadem. Szesc miesi?cy trwaly juz boje drugiej Brygady. Stoczyla ona przeszlo 60 potyczek i bitew na pi?ciu terenach operacyjnych. Pod Marmaros, pod Nadworny, pod Okermezo i pod Zabiem, przemaszerowala 2,000 kilometrow, nieraz wsrod 25 stopniowego mrozu. Przetrzymali chiopcy wszystko, a ci, ktorych choroba, albo rany, zatrzymaly na pewien czas w drodze, doganiali swoje oddzialy w drodze do Kolomyji. �Wszystko zahartowane, peine wiary we wlasne sily, ale garsc niewielka, wykruszona we walkach z silniejszym zawsze pod wzgl?dem liczby nieprzyjacielem. Okolo dziesi?c tysi?cy wyszlo w pole, teraz mniej ich jest bez porownania. Trzeba bylo zwolac do szeregow wszystkich, ktorzy si? rozproszyli po rozbiciu Legjonu Wschodniego, trzeba byio rozej1 rzec si? za swiezym rekrutem. Juz z Kolomyji wyslal w swiat komendant Haller de Hallenberg swoja slynna odezw? do zolnierzy bylego wschodniego Le­ gjonu. Mogi juz w niej poszczycic si? kilku wspanialymi zwyci?stwami. Zajasnialy, jak jasna karta naszych nowych dziejow: Rafajlowa, Maksymiec, Zielona, Pasieczna, Solotwina, Zuraki i Bohorodczany... Druga Brygada szla dalej. “A k?dy stanie, zostawia po sobie Rzad rhogil malych, k?dy puszczyk siada I j?czy cicho, po nocach, w zalobie: Druga Brygada. ..” Trzytygodniowy wypoczynek w Kolomyji pozwolil na zreorganizowanie 2 i 3 pulku. Pozostal materjal najlepszy: sformowala si? Zelazna Brygada. Oficerow dzielnych nie zabraklo. Oprocz wspomnianych juz poprzednio, byl przeciez Tarkowski, Fijalkowski, £lQ.zak, Lysek, Adam Kossakowski, Godziejewski, Lewicki, Zaleski, Rutkowski, Fabrycy. Dnia 15 kwietnia ruszono wszystkie bataljony, nie tarn, gdzie je serce ciaglo, do walki rami? obok ramienia, przy pierwszej Brygadzie, ale tarn, gdzie je los wojenny rzucal. “Id^ przez miasta obce i przez siola, Jako tulaczow bezdomnych gromada, Nikt ich okrzykiem nie wita, nie wola: Druga Brygada”. Komend? Legjonow, wszystkie bataljony uzupelniaj^ce i kadry, przeniesiono do Krolestwa, a reszt? na kresy, na Dzikie Pola, przez Sadagor?, kolo Czerniowiec, na szlak sienkiewiczowski, Pana Wolodyjowskiego. Maj caly schodzil na drobnych walkach, ktore szeroko wslawily imiona wielu oficerow polskich, az wreszcie wypadki w Galicji nakazaly ofensyw? i drugiej Brygadzie. Ruszyli nasi dnia 8 czerwca, a juz drugiego dnia przeszly bataljony pierwsze przez Prut. Major Lorsch szedl na Kocmah, pulkownik Zielinski na Mamajestje, major Minkiewicz na Witelowk?. Przedsi?wzi?cie smiale i ryzykowne, udalo si? znakomicie. Dnia 11 czerwca sforsowano wies Szubranec i wzi?to Zadobrowk?, wraz z 500 jencami i masQ. amunicji. Mlody sanitarjusz Kurpiel, sam, w pojedynk?, sprowadzil do obozu 122 jehcow.. . Ulan Garbaszewski przywiodl 24 jehcow, podporucznik Bardel 135, a Romaniszyn 65 moskali. Zwyci?stwo na calej linji. Na drodze stoi Rokitna, gdzie rosjanie okopali si? znakomi­ cie. Trzynastego czerwca nadszedl rozkaz sforsowania tego ufortyfikowanego wzgorza. Poszedl do ataku szwadron Wasowicza i wykonal szarz?, najslawniejsza od czasow Somossiery. Spelnili zadanie ulani pozostawiwszy w polu trupy rotmistrza Wasowicza, porucznika Wlodka i Kisielnickiego i dwtinastu podoficerow i zolnierzy. Osiemnastu ranionych powrocilo pomalu do obozu. Zabitych pochowano w Raranczy, zywi poszli naprzod. Piechota polska gospodarowala w zdobytych krwawo okopach. Ruszyli si? wreszcie i moskale do kontrataku. Rzucili przcciw naszej Brygadzie caly korpus, ale pulki rosyjskie rozbijaly sie stale o hartowna piers polskich rycerzy. Kolejno rozbijali nasi 29, potym 34-ta, a wreszcie 36-ta brygad? rosyjska. Oprocz mnostwa rannych moskali, maja polacy juz tysiac zdrowych jehcow w swoich r?kach, a oprocz tego karabiny maszynowe i stosy amunicji. Wszystkie kontrataki rosyjskie nie zdaly si? na nic. Dziesi?ciodniowa ofensywa wypadla znakomicie. Rosjanie cofali si? powoli, znaczac swoj odwrot lunami pozarow. Teraz palili juz wlasne dzierzawy... Spotkanie z Legjonami zapamietali sobie na diugo. �DALSZE BOJE PIERWSZEJ BRYGADY SLAWIONA juz byla ta pierwsza Brygada, gdy wkroczyla z powrotem na ziemig Krolestwa. Major Bydz, porucznik Scaevola-Wieczorkiewicz, Grzybowski, Zarski-Radohski, Tatar, Rawicz-Myslowski, Soroka-Zbijewski, Stopyra, Kuba-Bojarski, Wir, Tadeusz Lukaszkiewicz (Alf. Tarczyhski), Wladyslaw Milko, Sniadowski, a przedewszystkim kap. Brzoza, kap. Berbecki, kap. Herwin — to byly nazwiska, ktore powtarzaly sig wciaz w rozkazach, ktore przypominaly swiatu, ze jeszcze zyjemy... Niejeden z tych dzielnych nie dozy! chwili wkroczenia do Krolestwa i zastygl na Podhalu, ale pamigc jego trwala w szeregach. Reorganizowaly sig pulki Brygady w miastach Krolestwa, tworzyly sig nowe bataljony, nowe pulki. Zdawac sig moglo, ze juz teraz, na wiosng 1915 r., kiedy Legjonisci tyle czynow bohaterskich dokonali, tyloma cnotami rycerskimi zajasnieli, caia Pol­ ska stawi sig w ich szeregach. KOLKI Nie stawila sig cala Polska, ale stawiio sig wszystko to, co mialo pewna wartosc moralna. Ze wszystkich zakatkow polskiej ziemi, z Francji, ze Szwajcarji, ba! ze Syberji droga okrgzn^, z Brazylji (sp. Radlihski), z Ameryki Polnocnej spieszyli bohaterowie pod znaki polskie. Dzieri 3 Maja uczcili Leg’jonisci nocnQ. wycieczka trzeciej kompanji I pulku pod wodza Wojsznara, Boreckiego, D^browy i Pakosza. Przeprawili sig poprostu przez Nidg, zrobili moskalom “pieklo”, i przyprowadzili 62 jehcow, nie straciwszy ani jednego zolnierza, ani jednego ladunku. Dnia 10 maja obliczano straty moskali w zachodniej Galicji na 156,000 jehcow, 25,000 koni, 466 armat, 46 samolotow, 187,000 wozow poci^gowych. Ta klgska zmusila rosjan do cofnigcia sig i na linji Nidy. Brygada przekroczyta wreszcie rzekg. Ruszono przez Pihczow na Sgdziejowice przez jary, wadoly i gory. Przebyto rzekg Czarna i maszerowano przez Bogorjg, Grzybow, Pokrzywiankg, Garbowice i Domaradzice. — 7 — Rosjanie chcieli oproznic sklady w Sandomierzu, stworzyli tedy silna zaporg pod Konarami, aby wstrzyniac pochod Brygady. Walki artyleryjskie, ataki i kontrataki, rozgorzaly z cala furja. Mnostwo rannych i zabitych zaslalo pobojowisko. Padl mgzny kapitan Herwin-Pi^tek i porucznik Sarmat-Szyszkowski, endow mgstwa dokazujacy. Swietnie wywiazywali sig ze swego zadania: Smigly, Beibecki, Slaw, Ludwig, Scaevola i Fleszar. Podpor. Zarski-Radohski sam roznosil amuniejg pomigdzy walczq.cych i wytrwal na najniebezpieczniejszym stanowisku, az do otrzymania cigzkiej rany. Podpor. Dorobczyhski zdobyl okopy i wzial 85 jehcow. Podpor. Tunguz-Zawislak wzial kilkudziesigciu jehcow i 2 karabiny maszynowe. Podpor. Kolodziejski, minlo dwunastu ran, atakiem na bagnety wyprowadzil swoja placowkg ze srodka grenadjerow rosyjskich. Sierzant Brzozowski wraz z dwoma szeregowcami przyprowadzil do obozu polskiego 58 jehcow. Cala litanja takich i tym podobnych czynow, niepodobnych do wiary, a jednak stwierdzonych w rozkazie dziennym Pilsudskiego. Dnia 24 ustala wreszcie na chwilg strzelanina. Pochowano uroczyscie Herwina, Sarmata, Franka-Grudzihskiego i dwuch waJecznych podoficerow: Bernhardta i Wisniowskiego, zaspiewano im nad grobami: “Sluchaj Boze, umarl Pilsudczyk. . .”, zaraz poezgly sig dalsze bitwy, dalsze; straty i nadzieje na odpoezynek. Ale o tym nawet mowy nie bylo. Walczono dalej. Juz polowa czerwca mingla, a bitwy pod Konarami nie ustawaiy. Brygadjer Pilsudski i szef sztabu Sosnkowski byli zawsze w najgorgtszym ogniu. AV tym ogniu wyrastaja nowi bohaterowie, zapisuja sig nowe nazwiska. Porucznik Borecki, porucznik Rokita, porucznik Kostek, wszyscy ci mlodzi i zapaleni, chca dorownac Berbeckiemu i innym niedoscignionym wodzom. AVreszcie dnia 23 czerwca o 7 rano dano rozkaz do poscigu moskali. Rungly kompanje polskie przez AA^lostow i Borkow i Niekisialkg Duza. �Smigly bije po drodze moskali pod Wyszmontowem. Moskale zaci?cie bronia swych przyczolkow mostowych nad Wisla, ale nic im to nie pomoze! Poscig trwa dalej. “Slohce ty z nami! blogoslaw lot! — Wroga gonimy. W piersi brak tchu, Dni bez spoczynku, noce bez snu — Uswi?c ty slawa msciwy nasz grot! Przed nami g?stej pszenicy Jan, Na oczach makow slonecznych pas — W tumanach kurzu, w wichrze nasz plas, Srod kul zblakanych — awangardy tan. Zemsta nas goni — mijamy wsie I miasta w zgliszczach, gazony roz Za sztachetami w zlocistej mgle — Kolumn? tuli i niesie kurz — Dalej i dalej! — za wrogiem mknie Kompanja nasza — choc z czol scieka pot, Karabin dttsi i ku ziemi gnie, Lekki, na skrzydlach awangardy lot!” Moskale cofali si? szybko, ale nie zapominali podpalac miast i wiosek polskich, ba nawet zboz rosnacych w polu... Wiedzieli, ze nie wroca, to tez palili i niszczyli wszystko. Przechodzily pulki Legjonowe przez ruiny Ozarowa i Struzy, przechodzily przez Karsy, Bronislawow i Tarlow. Wsz?dzie pozoga i zniszczenie, a czasem dla odmiany spichrze z maka, zatruta grynszpanem. Ostatniego czerwca zaatakowano moskali na dobre, dnia 1 lipca zdobyto okopy broni^cych si? rosjan. Ruszyla brygada dalej, w kierunku Janowa. Ulani polscy endow walecznosci dokazuj^. Porucznik Skotnicki, wachmistrz Orlowski i kapral Karski, zapisuja si? chlubnie na kartach dziejow Beliniakow. Piatego lipca przekroezono Wisl?. Moskale okopali si? na polnoc od Urz?dowa, ktorego przedmiescia uratowaly patrole polskie od podpalaczy rosyjskich. Ataki moskiewskie odparto, chociaz prowadzone byly zawzi?cie. Odznaczyl si? przytym kap. Olszyna i por. Dubiel. Dnia 18 lipca dzi?ki artylerji majora Brzozy, zdolano znowu przelamac linj? rosyjsk^. Pierwsza puscila si? za nimi kompanja porueznika Hajeca. . \V tej samej chwili Radom dostai si^ w i?ce austrjackie. Moskale uciekali, bici na wszystkich punktach. Niezadlugo nadchodza wiesci o odebraniu moskalom Ostrol?ki i Pultuska. Strzelcy polscy ruszyli znowu do wscieklego ataku. Rosjanie ugi?li si? pod naporem, a brygada ruszyla za nimi. na Teresin i Konopnic?. Wreszcie pierwszy szwadron ulanow Beliny, pod wodza Orlicza i Skotnickiego, wjezdza tryumfalnie do Lublina. Dnia 1 sierpnia poszli w boj poraz pierwszy zolnierze czwartego pulku pod wodzjj Roji. Mimo straszliwego ognia nieprzyjacielskiego, wytrwali, budzac podziw starych pulkow. Moskale cofn?li si? znowu. Dnia 5 sierpnia przyszla wiadomosc o wzi?ciu Warszawy. Radosc zapanowala w Brygadzie. Lw6w, Lublin i Warszawa! Z uciechy wypchni?to moskali za rzek? Wieprz koto Lubartowa. Pierwsi poszli na poscig i odznaczyli si? bohaterstwem : kap. Okera, sierzant Ordon i porucznik ulanow Janusz. 'Zgin^l znakomity zolnierz, podporueznik Dlugosz. Rok wojny polskiej uczcil specjalnym rozkazem komendant Legjonow, Durski, uczcil tez serdeeznie i po zolniersku brygadjer Pilsudski. Zakohczyl sw6j rozkaz starymi slowami: “Chlopcy! Naprzod! Na smierc, czy na zycie, na zwyci?stwo, czy na kl?ski — idzeie czynem wojennym budzic Polsk? do zmartwychwstania!” Potoczyla si? wreszcie droga zolnierzy polskich przez ziemi?, zlana obficie krwia unitow, ziemi? najstraszliwszego ucisku i bezprawia. Dnia 19 sierpnia na drugi dzieh po zdobyciu Kowna, po calym szeregu utarczek, dostaje Brygada rozkaz przejseia Bugu pod Niemirowem. Za par? godzin byli juz nasi na ziemi grodziehskiej. Modlin wzi?ty a w nim 780 armat i 85,000 jehcow. Pulki polskie idg. naprzod, lamia wszelkie przeszkody, kawalerja swieci niebywalym przykladem. Zdobyte Kowaliki, zdobyte dalsze wsie i miasteezka, uratowany przez Tunguza od spalenia most na Pulwie, wzi?te Ciepiele, rozbite do szczetu tabory rosyjskie. Dnia 26 przyszla wiadomosc o wzi?ciu Brzescia Litewskiego, a zarazem rozkaz do dalszego poscigu. Padly twierdze Osso- 5^ zy* tab* 1 trwaP° ja si? c' dnia f w szer< ktdre niiejsc niosk: flanki rz^dz stron; szy p niacl 2 Wr< dyn; �wiec i Kowel. Pulki polskie ruszyly do Brzescia. W lesie Katowskim powitano “dzieci warszawskie”, czlonkow organizacji wojskowych, ktorzy siedzieli w ukryciu przez caly czas rzadow moskiewskich, a gdy rosjanie opuscili stolic?, ruszy'li natychmiast ku Legjonom. Min?li zolnierze nasi Slawatycze, min?li caly szereg wsi, wreszcie wszystkie cztery pulki, kawalerja Beliny, artylerja Brzozy i taboi-y, oraz szpitale ruchome stan?ly we Wlodawie. Tymczasem odebrano rosjanom Brody i Bialystok. Dnia 3 wrzesnia znalazla si? Brygada nad Switezi^. I zn6w trwa poscig, przyczym wykazuje si? poraz setny, ze rosjanie umieja si? cofac znakomicie. Po przez biota wolyhskie wkraczaja wreszcie nasi do Kowla dnia 7 wrzesnia na odpoczynek i na zalatanie dziur, poczynionych w szeregach przez codzienne niemal bitwj’’ i potyczki. Po za tym ma Brygada czuwac nad blotami pihskimi, przez ktore wciaz si? przedostaja kozacy, prowadzeni przez ludnosc miejscowa. NAD STYREM by! wypoczynek naszych zolnierzy, bo juz d- 2 pazdziernika znalazl si? bataljon Fleszara i oddzialy kap. Olszyny naprzeciw dywizji piechoty i i dwuch pulkow jazdy rosyjskiej. x Moskale chcieli poprostu otoczyc sily polskie J i zniesc je doszcz?tnie. Fleszar spostrzegl, co si? dzieje. Na tylach mial kawalerj? moskiewska, na lewo i na prawo masy piechoty, obchodz^cej jego flanki przez bagniska. Nie namyslal si? dzielny komendant, lecz natychmiast zarz^dzil sformowanie czworoboku i odstrzeliwujq.c si? na wszystkie strony dotarl do punktu zbornego pierwszej Brygady, nie poniosiszy prawie zadnych strat i uratowawszy tabory i amunicj?. Po dlugich, Calodziennych walkach, calonocnych czuwaniach, wyczerpane zabojczym wprost klimatem i ujadaniem si? z wroga ludnoscig., dostaly si? wreszcie oba pulki pierwszej Bryga­ dy na ponowny wypoczynek w Trojanowce. Dnia 21 pazdziernika “zuchowaci” Berbeckiego pod wodzq, majora Wyrwy zdobyli wspanialym atakiem rowy moskiewskic, bior^c do niewoli stu kilkudziesi?ciu piechurow wraz z amunicja, granatami r?cznymi, telefonem i t. d. W bitwie pod Komarowem zginal jeden z najm?znicjszych, kap. Adam Orwid-Kossakowski. By! to pocz^tek ofensywy rosyjskiej. Klin rosyjskiej ofensywy pari najwidoczniej na odcinek Legjonow. Linja Styru byla powaznie zagrozona. Celem. poczynienia wrogowi wstr?tu odkomenderowano oba pulki pierwszej Brygady i szosty pulk pod majorem Norwidem z trzeciej Brygady. Komend? nad ta grupa objal podpulkownik Smigly-Rydz. Grupa to stoczyla zwyci?ska walk? z “zelazna brygady” odeskg. i w ataku na bagnety wypchn?la ja z zajmowanych stanowisk. Twarde, coraz twardsze robily si? piersi Legjonistow: “Jako lawina sniezna z g6r, na leb spadniemy wroga; o piersi naszych zywy mur rozbije si? czerh sroga. . .” Na pozycjach\w lesie pod Koszyszami przez trzy tygodnie rozbijaly si? ataki piechoty moskiewskiej o mur strzelcow Pilsudskiego, ktory stal na czele pulku 5-go i 4-go Roji. Walki te przyniosly wielka slaw? czwartakom, chociaz i strat nie braklo. Beliniacy znakomicie si? spisali, pelniac sluzb? okopowa, odpierajac najzazartsze ataki wroga, ktory wreszcie zaniechal gwaltownych atakow i rozpoczal zwykla, spokojniejsza walk? pozycyjna. Strzelcy przyzwyczajali si? pomalu do swoich ziemianek. Tymczasem komenda starala si? wciaz o wzmocnienie sil Legjonow, pomnozenie bataljonow1, zreorganizowanie kawalerji, artylerji i ujednostajnienie urzadzeri w poszczegolnych oddzialach, Zimowa, spokojna walka, pozwalala na to. Z dniem pierwszego lutcgo 1916 roku ustapil z zajmowanego stanowiska komendant® Legjonow, gienerai Karol TrzaskaDurski. �Pozegnal si? on z Legjonami wide mowiacym rozkazem: “Legjonisci! Ust?puj? ze swego dotychczasowego stanowiska, komendanta Polskich Legjonow, zmuszony do tego zlym stanem mego zdrowia. Chwila to dla mnie nadzwyczaj bolesna i ci?zka. W takiej chwili zwracam si? do Was towarzysze broni i podkomendni moi, do was, z ktorymi zwiazaly mnie nierozerwalne w?zly dotychczasowych wspolnych walk i krwi obficie przelanej za nasza wielka spraw?. Ci?zka i odpowiedzialna byla praca, ktora na barki moje wlozono, powierzajac mojej komendzie Polskie Legjony. Trudne nieraz i przykre zsylal los na mnie chwile — odchodzac jednak w pelni poczucia spelnionego obowiazku, zarowno wobec Was, jak tez i narodu, kraju calego. Mysla si?gam w przeszlosc, zda si? tak niedawna gdyscie pod moja komenda wyruszali w pole. Mimo ci?zkie chwile. jakie kraj wowczas przezywal, ozywial nas wszystkich zapal i wiara w niezawodne zwyci?stwo; zylismy nimi w ci?zkie dnie pomolotkowskie i w radosne chwile Nadwornej, Sniatynia, Lublina i Kukli. W walce i znoju, w marszach i krwawej pracy na pozycji, hartowaliscie mlodziehcze wasze sily, wzrastala wasza bojowa sprawnosc i wyszkolenie, krystalizowaly si? wasze dusze i serca. Patrzalem na to, i przezywalem to z Wami; w ciagu calej wspolnie z Wami odbytej szesnastomiesi?cznej kampanji — zylein mysla i troska o Was, z Wami razem cierpialem i radowalem si?; kazdy wasz sukces, kazde zwyci?stwo bylo moim szczesciem i duma. Odchodz? dzisiaj od Was i na reszt? dni zycia mojego, jako najdrozsza moja spuscizn? zabieram ze soba wspomnienie chwil z Wami wspolnie przebytych. Zadne juz wi?ksze odznaczenie i zaszczyt spotkac mnie w zyciu nie mog^, ponad honor przewodzenia takim wojskiem, jakimi sq. bohaterskie Legjony Polskie. Zegnajac Was dzisiaj chcialbym, byscie zrozumieli co sie w duszy mojej dzieje, nie jestem bowiem w stanie wypowiedziec, ile zalu i troski serdecznej o Was wypelnia serce moje. Zycz? Warn, jaknajgor?cej, byscie pod nowa komenda dotychczasowe Wasze cnoty i wartosci polskiego zolnierza podniesli w sobie do ideahi, by powodzenie i szcz?scie zolnierskie towarzyszyly Warn stale, a szacunek i milosc spoleczehstwa, a podziw i uznanie u obcych byly Waszym udzialem. Wszystkim tym, ktorzy w pracy mojej sluzyli mi pomocq. i dobra rada, dzi?kuj? najgor?cej i zachowam ich na zawsze we wdzi?cznej pami?ci. Opuszczam Was z wiara w Wasza szcz?sliwQ, gwiazd?, w Wasz bohaterski zapal i m?stwo, z wiara, ze z Wami i przez Was b?dzie Ta, co nie zgin?ia! Durski mpp.” Po Durskim objai komend? Legjonow gieneral Puchalski, syn, wnuk i prawnuk zolnierzy polskich. Zapowiadal si?, jako w6dz energiczny i zdolny, jednakowoz,1 jak si? zdaje, nie potrafil on wczuc si? w sam rdzeh istoty Legjonow. Aby je rozumiec, aby nimi kierowac, trzeba bylo koniecznie bye z nimi przez caly czas ich trwania, zzyc si? i zbratac krwia i trudami. A tymczasem Brygady polskie trwaly po dawnemu nad Styrem i nad Stochodem, wsrod bagnisk, blot i trz?sawisk. “Wszakze bez sladu wszystko w topiel wsiaka, krew i okrzyki, wezwania, harkoty — atakow rozp?d, wytrwania cud. Ta laka nie zna wzruszenia, wspomnien, ni t?sknoty”. Pos?pna to byla zima dla mlodych umyslow. Kazda z brygad polskich miala swa osobna historj? owej zimy, lecz Druga, jak zwykle, najmniej proznowaia; nic tez dziwnego, ze i sily jej nieslychanie topnialy. W czasie jednego tylko ataku stracila doszcz?tnie dwa plutony ludzi, oraz tak dzielnych oficerow, jak Zaleski, Czechna-Tarkowski, Lysek, Majewski i Lejczak. Nie braklo strat i w innych brygadach, ale naogol Legjony mialy prawie ze spokoj. Zolnierze dose pr?dko oswoili si? z otoczeniem, natura i klimatem i pocz?li si? zagospodarowywac na Wolyniu na dobre. Nietylko zdobyli swoje “wille” podziemne, ale i ogrodki sadzic pocz?li... Tymczasem Rosja gotowala si? do nowej ofensywy, jak zwykle nie gdzieindziej, tylko ku Galicji si? kierujac. �Juz d. 1 czerwca 1916 rozpocz?ia flota napowietrzna bombardowac pozycje polskich puikow, ale straciwszy jeden aeroplan, dala za wygrana i odplyn?ia ku swoim. Przez kilka nast?pnych dni ryczaiy dziaia rosyjskie, zionac na polskie okopy masy granatow i szrapneli. Wreszcie 8 czerwca zamyslaja moskale o ataku, lecz nasi uprzedzili ich zamiary i wpadli do ich rowow, zabierajg.c mas? jehcow, amunicji i karabiny maszynowe. Bohaterem dnia byi podpor. Czarny, oficer pierwszej Bryg'ady; obok niego dzielnie si? odznaczyi podpor. Koc i sierzant Jastrzgbski. Byi to ostatni az do d. 3 lipca b6j o Polska Gor? za wsia Kosciuchnowka. Polska Gora. Cz?sc i to Iwia cz?sc historji Legjonow tworzyia si? pod tq. gor^. O t? gor? toczyiy si? juz w pazdziernikowej ofensywie 1915 r. krwawe zapasy siddmego puiku, tutaj wziai sw6j chrzest szosty puik Rylskiego, tu okryi si?, siawa major Bukacki na czele pierwszego bataljonu pierwszego puiku, tu wreszcie walczyi zaci?cie i grzebai swych swietnych of icerow trzeci puik Minkiewicza. Nie ominai i piatego puiku (Berbeckiego) zaszczyt walczenia o Polska Gor?. Siedem dni walczyli “zuchowaci” na jej stokach, a potym odpoczywali na tej zariocznej na krew polsk^. pozycji prawie cztery tygodnie, nie napastowani przez moskali. Tymczasem starcie olbrzymie zast?p6w polskich z cai^ pot?g<j. carskiej siiy nadchodziio fala niepowstrzymana. Padia Oiyka, padi Luck, a niewyczerpane zdaje si?, hordy rosyjskie, sziy z caiym rozmachem silnej bestji na Kowel, demonstrujac rownoczesnie ataki na Koiki, Czartorysk i Gaiuzj?. Do tych tez miejscowosci skierowano obecnie puiki polskie. Drugi Januszajtisa do Gaiuzji, a potym pod Gruziatyn. Puik trzeci maszeruje do Konskich, a potym przez Perekrestje i Legjonowo na Lissowo. Jedne jego bataljony podazajjj pod Tuman, inne przez Podgacie na Czartorysk. W tym samym czasie bataljon. Il-gi zostaje wci^gni?ty do wielkiej bitwy nad Styrem na linji Sokul - Koiki. Przez Jabionk?, Doizyce, Grady podchodzi ku linji bojowej, juz wtedy przesuni?tej poza lewy brzeg Styru. Przez dni kilka przerzucany w rozmaitc rezerwy w stron? Kopyli, Tumana i Gruziatyna przedzierac si? musi bagnami i lasami. Dnia 16 czerwca alarmem zerwany, pospiesznym marszem w nocy przybywa bataljon pod Tuman, gdzie pozycje austrjackie po przeiamaniu linji opanowali moskale. Jeszcze w ci^gu nocy nasi rozwijajg. si? do kontrataku. Od lewego skrzydla sziy w tyraljerce kompanje 7-ma z por. Bardiem, 5-ta z ppor. Szulem, 6-ta z ppor. Winczewskim, w rezerwie zostaia kompanja 8-ma z ppor. Malkowskim. Wysiane naprzod patrole rychto trafily na nieprzyjacielskie patrole i zaraz w pierwszym zetkni?ciu chor. Profic, jeden z pierwszych odnosi ran? w nog?. O wczesnym swicie d. 17 czerwca linja ruszyia do ataku i szybkim ruchem pomimo ognia silnego wyrzuciia moskali z okopow, zdobytych z powrotem, do ich dawnych pozycji. Przy dalszym jednak posuwaniu si? dostajg. si? pod ogieh karabinow maszynowych, ktory czyni dotkliwe luki, szczegolnie w oficerach. I tak pada ugodzony kula w serce chor. Pawei Barys, dzielny karpatczyk, odznaczony srebrnym medalem za swietne podejscie moskali z tyiu pod Zadoborowka, nauczyciel ludowy z Tarnopolskiego. Rany odnosza wszyscy oficerowie 5-tej kompanji, najbardziej wystawionej na ogieh, wi?c ppor. Szul, chor. Hyc, chor Quirini (cztery kule), ppor. Parafihski z 7-ej, ktory nadbiegi, by po Szulu obj^c komend?. W smiaiym posuwa­ niu si? przez bagna wyroznii si? chor. Stan. Rutkowski, mlodziutki “wiarus” karpacki, ktory jako 16-1 etni miodzieniec wraz z bratem i ojcem s.p. kap. Boleslawem wyruszyi na wojn?, przebyi dwa lata w polu, odbywaj^c w swoim czasie daleka wypraw? z W?gier przez linj? nieprzyjacielska do Lwowa, tarn i z powrotem, kohczy kolejno nauk? gimnaz., rownoczesnie przechodzi kurs chorazych w Legjonowie, teraz za bitw? pod Tumanem uzyskuje odznaczenie. — Juz tylko 150 krokow dzieliio naszych od nieprzyjaciela, gdy nadszedl rozkaz odwrotu i cofni?cia si? na Ugly na skutek zaj?cia Gru­ ziatyna przez moskali. Niebawem jednak kontratak austrjacki,przeprowadzony z wielka zaci?toscia przez 49 p. p. odzyskal Gruzia­ tyn i dawne pozycje Legjonow pod Tumanem, zadajac moskalom dotkliwe straty. Juz jednak d. 20 utracono znowu te pozycje, odbijaj^c baterj? armat. Do dnia 23 w cz?sci pozostaje w rezerwie (7 i 8 komp.), w cz?sci w linji (5 i 6). Z oficerow ranny wtedy zostaje chor. Aleks. Kahl. Po 23 cofni?to caiy bataljon do Maniewicz stacji, gdzie niebawem nadcig,gn?ia reszta puiku. �BITWA POD WSIA GRADY STRZYMANI w rozp?dzie na Kowel, postanowili moskale zwrocic sw6j atak na wybiegajace ku wschodowi kolano Styru (Rafajiowka-CzartoryskKolki), w ten bowiem sposob mogli zabezpieczyc si? od uderzenia flankowego. Jakoz dnia 3 lipca rozpocz?li moskale atak na trzech punktach: od poiudnia na Koiki, od poinocy na Galuzj? i p6inocny - wschod na Kosciuchnowk?, zamierzajac przez ziamanie obydwu skrzydei i zaj?cie ich do srodka zamknac zelaznym pierscieniem sily sprzymierzonych, rozlokowane w tym kolanie Styru. Totez utrzymanie tych wiasnie punktow bylo pierwszorz?dnej wagi. Decydowaio ono o uratowaniu calego materjalu bojowego, prowjantowego i ludzkiego, zamkni?tego w tym pierscieniu. Na wszystkich trzech punktach szalonemu wprost naporowi przeciwstawiano bohaterska nieust?pliwosc, wstrzymujac nieprzyjaciela do chwili, gdy odwrot mogi juz odbyc si? bez szkody dla caiosci. O roli, jaka odegraiy tutaj Legjony, o ich ofiarnej postawie wiadomosc podaiy oficjalne komunikaty, pisaiy wiele pisma. Zaznaczyc tu jednak trzeba, ze nie tylko pod Kosciuchnowka, gdzie walczyio gros sii legjonowych (I i III Brygada, 1 i 2 puik uianow, puik artylerji Brzozy), ale i pod Galuzj^ i na poinoc od Kolek opor stawiaiy Legjony polskie. Na wszystkich trzech giownych punktach walki staje zoinierz polski i wsz?dzie jednako m?zny daje op6r. W walkach tych na kazdym punkcie udziai bierze II Brygada. I tak pod Gaiuzj? spieszy pulk 2-gi, gdzie dni kilka wspiera kawaleryjskg. dywizj? Hauera, Il-gi i Ill-ci pataljony 3-go puiku idq. jako rezerwa pod Kosciuchnowk?, gdzie w dniach 5 i 6 lipca wezniQ. udziai w zaciekiych walkach o Polskg. G6r?, znowu obficie krwi^ swoja zlewaj^c stoki pami?tnego wzgorza. Na poiudnie zas przeciwko atakowi, idacemu od Kolek, I-y bataljon 3-go puiku. Uderzenie od Koiek i Godomicz stosunkowo bylo najsilniejsze i w cz?sci skuteczne. Front austrjacki wcisni?ty zostai na poi­ noc ku Gradom z jednej strony i ku Ugiom z drugiej. Zawezwany na pomoc d. 4 lipca I baon do dyspozycji korpusu Fatha zadyrygowany zostaje pod Grady jako rezerwa dywizji 45-tej, w i^cznosci z brygadg. puik. Scholze. Po nocy sp?dzonej w Gradach dnia 5 lipca wymaszerowano na drog?, wiod^cg. do Komarowa, by stad w kierunku poiudn.-wschodnim odebrac w kontrataku pozycje austrjackie, zaj?te przez moskali. Zanim jednak zdoiano si? rozwinac, okazaio si?, ze caia linja cofn?ia si? i zaj?ia pozycje: KomarowGrady. I-szy bataljon okopai si? w odlegiosci 1 km. od Gr. w kie­ runku poiud.-'wsch., majac na prawo 9-ty p. obr. kraj. a na lewo bawardw. Popoiudniu po przygotowaniu artyleryjskim lozpoczai si? atak rosyjski na pozycje austrjackie (na prawo od Legjonow), wzgl?dem ktorych stanowiska legjonowe byiy flankujace. W chwi­ li, gdy moskale szli do ataku wprost w masach, kap. Zaj^c, prowadz^cy I-szy baon, wysunai si? z dwoma plutonami i oddziaiem karabinow maszynowych por. Lewickiego dla lepszego flankowania i istotnie dzi?ki intensywnemu i skutecznemu ogniowi w znacznej mierze przyczynia si? do odparcia ataku, sci^gajac jednak tymsamym na siebie huraganowy ogieh artyleryjski. Dnia 6 od godziny 5 rano rozpocz?li moskale silne przygotowania artyleryjskie, poczym znowu piechota poszia do masowego ataku, ktory tym razem doprowadzii do ostatecznego przeiamania linji austrjackiej w sasiednim bataljonie. I-szy bataljon, ktorego skrzydio prawe wskutek tego zostaje odsioni?te, wszediszy w bezposrednia iacznosc z grupa niemiecka (puik. Grossmana) mimo rozkazu odwrotu trwa w Gradach do wieczora. Gdy zas moskale podsun?li si? do samej wsi i wsrod skrajnych chalup umiescili karabin maszynowy w odlegiosci 150 krokow, wysyia kap. Zajac jeden pluton z sierz. Pawelcem, ktory przep?dza nieprzyjaciela i dochodzi do jego pozycji za wsi^. Dopiero na skutek rozwini?cia si? caiego puiku prze­ ciwko niemu cofni?to go do linji. Zaraz potym nastapiiy kolejno dwa masowe ataki calego puiku na nasze trzy kompanje. Nie majac zadnych okopow, zadnych umocnieh ni drutow kolczastych, nasi wytrwali na stanowisku. Atak, ktory dochodzii miejscami na 15 krokow, wstrzymano na lizierze lasow. W tym to czasie ponosi bataljon giowne straty w kilkudziesi?ciu zoinierzach, przewaznie rannych. Ci?zkg. ran? odniosi kap. Zajac, stale b?dacy w przedniej linji, giiiie plut. Wisz, prawnik z Krakowa, zaginai nadto bez wiesci lekarz bataljonowy dr. Wertheim. Mimo odparcia rosyjskich atakow na skutek wiadomosci z innych odcinkow, giownie z pod Kosciuchnowki i Woiczecka, nast?puje wyrazny rozkaz odwrotu. Cofa si? bataljon poprzez dobrze znane Legjonom miejscowosci: Kukiy, Sewerynowk?, Okohsk, Czerewach? do Trojanowki, skad przez Stochod dostaje si? do �Czeremoszna. Cofaja si? w porz^dku, pomimo, ze caly czas na sobie maja nast?pujacych moskali, z ktorymi raz po raz straze tylne i boczne ucierac si? niusza. Rannego komendanta wierni zolnierze r?koma wlasnymi niosa przez caly czas odwrotu. W Trojanowce schodzi si? I-szy bataljon z dwoma pozostalymi z 3-go p. p., ktore znacznie uszczuplone, lecz me zlamane, wyszly z prawdziwego piekla walki, szalejacej o Polska G6r?. By! to jednak dopiero pocz^tek tego piekla. ROKITNA OBRONA POLSKIFJ GORY RONT Legjonow by! bardzo wygi?ty i niejednolity. Od lewego skionu Polskiej Gory bronily swych pozycji kolejno: bataljon piq.tego pulku, bataljony siodmego (Reduta Pilsudskiego), dywizjon spieszonych ulanow 1 pulku, bataljony pierwszego, 6-go i 4-go pulku. Sama Polska G6ra znajdowala si? w rekach pospolitego ruszenia w?gierskiego, ktorego zolnierze zbudowali t. zw. “Madziarska Redut?”. Dnia 4 lipca huraganowy, nieustajacy na chwil? ogien artylerji rosyjskiej zamienil Polskg. G6r? w jedno olbrzymie pieklo kurzawy, wsrod ktorej bezustannie p?kaly szrapnele. Rownoczesnie zasypywali moskale gradem kul Polski Lasek, gdzie staly glowne sily pi^tego pulku. Wieczorem moskale byli panami Reduty Madziarskiej, niedlugo wszakze, gdyz porucznik Myszkowski rzucil si? na nich na czele 60 zuchowatych i odebral Polskg. G6r?, przyczym wzisil setk? jericow. Artylerja Brzozy spisala si? znakomicie. Rezerwy madziarskie pospieszyly teraz do swej Reduty, ale nie utrzymaly si? w niej dluzej, jak kwadrans. Moskale odebrawszy w?grom poraz drugi ich Redut?, dostali si? tylnymi rowami na tyly naszych. Spostrzegl niebezpieczenstwo kapitan Slaw-Zwierzynski. Rzucil si?, jak lew, na nieprzyjaciela, wstrzymal jego pochod, lecz niestety padl sam na pobojowisku wraz z kilku kolegami. Dopiero majorowi Wyrwie, ktory szedl na pomoc na czele kompanji rezerwowych dwtich bataljonow, udalo si? spelnic zadanie Slawa. Przep?dzil moskali z drugiej linji okopow. Switaniem 5 lipca zarzjjdzila komenda Brygady ponowny atak na Polska G6r?. Poszedl Wyrwa i kap. Nowakowski. Niestety atak ten krwawo oparto. Polacy cofn?li si?, ponoszac ogromne straty i szli, op?dzajac si? od moskali doling rzeczki Garbachu na linji Wolczeck i Nowy Jastkow. Na Polskiej G6rze powiewai juz sztandar krwawego cara. Pozostaly tylko groby mnostwa najdzielniejszych synow Polski, pozostaly ciala poleglych, na strazy granicznej. . . “Mysmy poszli — cokolwiek si? zdarzy — Mierzyc ziemi? krokami krwawymi, Wyscie zasi? przykl?kli u ziemi, Jak czujne wedety na strazy I Jak stroze Wolnosci i gonce I ziemi onych przysi?gli szermierze, Wieczne z ziemia czyni^cy przymierze, Niezwalczonej reduty obronce!. . . O serdeczni! O Bracia kochani! Zali Wy tarn czujecie daleko, Jak Warn serca za krwawa ta rzeka Czesc i uklon zolnierski sla w dani!?.. .” TRAGIEDJA TRZECIEGO PULKU PROMIENIONY najpi?kniejsza slawa bojow karpackich i ciaglego strozowania na kresach Rzeczypospolitej, znalazl si? bohaterski Pulk Trzeci Minkiewicza pod Polska Gora w polozeniu niezwykle krytycznym. — 13 — Kiedy rezerwowe bataljony 5-go i 6-go pulku, pod wodzcj. Wyrwy i Nowakowskiego, musialy cofnac si? z Polskiej G6ry pod naporem olbrzymich sil moskiewskich, odkomenderowano drugi i trzeci bataljon trzeciego pulku pod Studzienic?, skad mialy atakowac Polsk^t Gor?. Polozenie bylo fatalne, gdyz pomi?dzy Laskiem Polskim a G6ra, byla duza Iuka, obstrzeliwana przez moskali. Mimo to ruszono do ataku. �Huragan nieprzyjacielskiego ognia doszedl do zenitu. Rozuniiejac waznosc tych pozycji moskale zasypywali je wprost potokiem kul, zelaza, raz kolo razu wywracali ziemi? pot?znymi grana­ tami. Huk wystrzalow i p?kajacych z lomotem granatow ogluszal, slupy piasku i dymu, wystrzelajace w g6r?, oslepialy. Ponad tym zas wszystkini niemozliwy skwar sloneczny. Na upadajacych ze znuzenia i napi?cia nerwow, czarnych od dymu, raz po raz ranionych lub rozszarpywanych granatami laly si? potoki zaru slonecznego, do reszty niszczac sily ludzkie. Omdlewaly r?ce, slabia moznosc orjentacji i skoordynowanych ruchow. Nad czlowiekiem, jak zawsze ofiarnym i rdwnie nieustraszonym, bral gor? rozszalaly zywiol wojny. Daremnie komendanci bataljonow, stojacy tuz za linja w rowach rezerwowych, usilowali wprowadzic lad i lacznosc. Rwaly si? wszelkie nici. Pociski raz po raz niszczyiy polaczenia telefoniczne, gin?li w piekielnym ogniu wysylani ordynansi. Sytuacja by la grozna i nie do opanowania. — A jednak w tej rozp?tanej wichurze zatracenia trwal zolnierze polski nieust?pliwie, choc wiedzial, ze tylko smierc wydobyc go moze z tego piekla. Tymczasem, o ktorejs g-odzinie po poludniu — jeszcze skwar sloneczny dalej prazyl — poszlyj masy rosyjskie do ataku i niebawem pierwsze ich oddziaiy wdarly si? w luk? nieobsadzong., zlamaly w?grow i stad poplyn?ly dalej, zalewaj^c wprost soba nasze szczuple szeregi. Podczas gdy kompanje 7, 6, 9 i 10-a mogly dogodnie wycofac si? rowem pomocniczym (w odlegiosci 100 metrow za glownym), w niebezpieczehstwie najwi?kszym znalazly si? te, ktore byly w przednich okopach na P. G., szczegolnie na ich lewej fiance. W zam?cie bojowym ratowaly si? poszczegolne plutony i sekcje, ratowal si? kazdy sam na wlasng. r?k?, niejednokrotnie przebijajac si? z bronia w r?ku wprost z posrodka nieprzyjaciol. I tak odwaznie — juz wzi?ty do niewoli — przedziera si? do swoich, chor. Homme, m?znie przebija si? ze swym plutonem chor. Lauer, tak znowu ci?zko rannego kap. Wimmera, komendanta 12-ej komp. juz z posrod moskali wynosza wierni zolnierze, tak samo rannego por. Czume. W rezerwie stojq-CQ. kompanj? 8-ma poprowadzil do kontrataku ppor. Malkowski wraz z chor. Porwidem. Przeciwko szalejacej burzy gromow armatnich poniesli swoje mlode, zuchowate m?stwo. Mimo szalonego ognia dostaja si? do rowu glownego na P. G. i tutaj wsrod walki wr?cz, rzucaj^c granatami r?cznymi, wal^c z browningow, obydwaj wraz z zolnierzem Kozlem KOLKI — 14 — stale na czele, zdobywaR trawers za trawersem moskal. wyp.eraja do potowy rowu i wstrzymuj? ich napor tak dlugo, dopokt reszta putku nie zeszla z P. G. na nowe pozycje w lasku t. zw. Neu-Castel, gdzie stat komendant pulku ze swym najblizszym otoczemem. Dnia 6 lipca, gdy kompanje 3-go p. p. staly juz na l.z.erze lasku, wyslany do kontrataku I-szy bataljon 6-go p. p. z majorem Galica jeszcze raz probuje szcz?scia w kierunu P. G. - ale i on musi wnet ustapic, zajmujijc pozycje w poblizu 3-go pulku wi?cej na lewo Wtedy to oddzial karabinow maszynowych chor. beldsteina ma sposobnosc odznaczyc si? skutecznym zlamamem szarzy kawaleryjskiej, skierowanej w tym czasie na Wolczek. Ponowionym jednak szarzom, odpartym ze strasznymi stratami od linji, zajmowanej przez oddziaiy 2-go pulku ulanow, 7-go i 5-go p. p., udalo si? wreszcie zrobic pewien wylom w linji niemieckich kompanji pod . Wolczeckiem i st^d zagrozic oskrzydleniem 3-mu pulkowi i I-mu bataljonowi 6-go p. p. Wobec groznej sytuacji na skizydle ppulk. Minkiewicz zarzadzil odwrot, ktory z koniecznosci odbywal si? kilku drogami. W tym miejscu rozchodza si? ze soba poszczegolne grupy. Pulk. Minkiewicz z najblizszym otoczeniem ruszyl blizsza droga w kierunku zachodnim wprost na Woiczeck, kompanje Il-go i Ill-go baonu 3 pp. i Lgo 6-go p. poszly, ostrzeliwane przez caly czas z karabinu maszynowego, na poludnie poza tor kolejowy, skad dostaja si? na Lissowo, Okohsk do Maniewicz St. a stad do Trojanowki, gdzie zlaczywszy si? z 1-ym baonem tworza oslon? odwrotu dla innych oddzialow. Przeszedlszy Stochod oddziaiy 3-go pulku, niezlamane pomimo poniesionych strat, zaraz zajmujq. obronne po­ zycje, na ktorych dopiero 9 lipca luzuja ich niemcy. Krwawo i smutno zapisuje si? w pami?ci 3-go pulku Polska Gora. Poraz drugi na jej stokach przepada kwiat zolnierstwa, ginie sporo wiary” z pod karpackich znakow. Ze krwiq, ofiarnych zolnierzy z listopadowej bitwy zmieszana zostala swieza krew ich najblizszych towarzyszy, tym zwiazkiem uswi?cajac dlugie dzieje wspolnie przezytych trudow wojennych. Dotkliwe straty ponosi pulk w bitwie ostatniej. Wszak rozstaje si? ze swym komendantem, ktory ranny wpada w r?ce nieprzyjaciol, dalej traci swego wytrwaego i m?znego adjutanta por. Fjalkowskiego, dalej caly szereg dzielnych i prawych oficerow, wsrod nich sa tacy, jak por. Bardel, por. Staik, ppor. Stecki, ppor. Boryczko, wreszcie rokujg.cy wielkie nadzieje ppor. Turkowski, m?zny karpatczyk sierzant Tad. Kahl �i inni. Pozycje wr6g odzierzyl i nie bylo na razie moznosci na stwierdzenie, jaka kazdemu z nich dola zolnierska przypadla w udziale. Najdotkliwsze straty poniosly bataljony H-gi i Ill-ci, w Il-im baonie z posrod oficerow tylko trzech wyszlo calych, pomimo, ze o kazdego z nich wielokrotnie pociski prawie si? otarly, to ppor. Maikowski, lekko tylko kula drasni?ty, to samo chor. Porwid i chor. Stan. Rutkowski. Straty dotkliwe rownowazy swiadomosc stwierdzona przez wszystkich oficerow, ze zolnierz w tych ci?zkich bojach wykazai niezrownana moc hartu, odwagi i nieposlednia sprawnosc. W kazdym szczegole, czy w spokojnym i nadzwyczaj precyzyjnym rozwijaniu linji tyraljerskiej w ogniu, czy w sluzbie patrolowej, czy wreszcie w umiej?tnym utrzymaniu pewnej staiej sily ognia pomimo niejednokrotnie zachodzacy brak nabojow, wsz?dzie prezentowai zolnierz swe pierwszorz?dne kwalifikacje i cnoty rycerskie. SZOSTY PULK UZ w poprzednich rozdzialach wspominalismy parokrotnie o udziale puiku szostego w czasie straszliwej ofensywy lipcowej. Kazdy prawie z bataljonow puiku operowai osobno i kazdy wystawiony byi na gwaitowny ogien nieprzyjacielski, jednakze najwieksze ofiary poniosi bataljon drugi, ktory razem z Wyrwa atakowai Polskg. G6r?, d. 5 lipca. Pierwsza do okopow wpadia 5 kompanja pod wodza por. Gigiela, przyczym zginai komendant plutonu, podch. Lurans. Pad! rowniez komendant 6 kompanji podp. Srzednicki. Miejsce jego zajal chor. Jankowski. Walczyli, jak Iwy: Gigiel, Switalski, Kamski i Kwarcinski. Dzielnie walczyia rowniez kompanja siodma Giowiriskiego i 6sma Marszalka, a juz szczegolne uslugi oddai przy odwrocie dru­ gi oddziai karabinow maszynowych, komenderowany przez podpor. Jana Henrico - Chodorowskiego (z Hartford, Conn.) W odwrocie ranny zostal chor. Kwarcinski, lecz uniosl go z pola bitwy wsrod gradu kul, podch. Drojewski. Chodorowski trwal do ostatniego momentu na pozycji NADWORNA i oslanial odwrot swoich, a gdy wreszcie nie widziai juz wyjscia, zepsul wraz z chor. Hoerlem oba karabiny maszynowe i poczai si? wycofywac. Niestety, zapozno. Obaj dostali si? do niewoli. W odwrocie zaginai rowniez kap. Nowakowski, kom. bataljonu i chor. Szmoniewski, a bataljon cofnai si? dalej pod wodza Gigiela na Legjonowo i Kohskoje. Bataljon pierwszy byi w ctyglym kontakcie z puikiem trzecim Minkiewicza. Odznaczyli si? w krwawych zapasach oficerowie: Liskiewicz, Zaiuska, Bogaczewicz, Slizowski, Popowicz, Skrzyhski, Feldstein, Kominek-Lachowicz i znany poeta J6zef Relidzynski. Wsrod straszliwych wzmagah z olbrzymimi masami wroga, zaiamaia si? linja polska, zwiaszcza, ze dzielny Lachowicz, ktory prowadzii kontratak, wpadi do bagna i pozostai raniony na placu boju. Rowniez i adjutant bataljonu, Relidzyhski wpadi w bagno, lecz wydobyli go wsrod swistu kul dwaj wierni podoficerowie: By­ tomski i Lerna. Adjutant puiku, hr. Lubienski, przepadi bez wiesci. Ran? otrzymal podpor. Zaluska. Wreszcie udaio si? bataljonowi zebrac sily tak, ze pelni^c siuzb? tylnej strazy, odmaszerowal ku Trojanowce pod wodza Galicy w porzQ.dku. Bataljon trzeci miai najmniejsze straty, chociaz rowniez by! caly czas w silnym ogniu. Jego karabiny maszynowe pod dowodztwem podpor. Siuzewskiego, piechota, miny i artylerja daly si? straszliwie we znaki rosjanom. Po otrzymaniu rozkazu wycofania si? z linji, bataljon trzeci polaczyl si? z drugim w Konskoje. Oba te bataljony pod komenda podpulkownika Norwida stanowily straz tylna, laczac si? na prawo z pierwszym pulkiem, a na lewo z czwartym. Po drodze nieustawaly utarczki z nast?pujacymi silnie moskalami. W jednej z takich potyczek dwunasta kompanja por. Rueckemanna rozniosla cala sotni? kozakow archangielskich. Wreszcie obsadzono odcinek nad Stochodem, od rzeczki Jasionka do liziery last! na polnocy od wsi Stobyhwa. Komendantem odcinku byi podpulk. Norwid. W sklad jego grupy wchodzily kompanje 6 puiku, 2-gi puik ulanow, 3-ci pulk piechoty, orazJ detaszowana kompanja niemiecka. �Dnia 10 lipca odparto ataki moskiewskie, a tego jeszcze dnia zhizowano oddzialy polskie, ktore poszly do Czeremoszna, skad po pi?ciodniowym odpoczynku, poslano je znowu na pozycje. Nie predko jeszcze mialy isc puiki polskie na zasluzony odpoczynek, na konieczna r eorgan izacjg. Boje nad Stochodem, krwawe walki o Polska G6r?, wykazaly tyle hartu w mlodocianym zolnierzu polskim, ze podziwem napelnily nietylko swoich, ale i obc.ych. AV tych lasach i bagnach poleskich, na stokach krwia zlanych wzgorz piaszczystych odniosl tryumf nad soba i nad otaczajacym go swiatem, swoim i obcym zmartwychpowstaly zolnierz polski. Zwi^zali ten kawal ziemi na zawsze z chwal^ polskiego imienia rycerze legjonowi. Ci, ktorzy przetrwali, stanowic b?da zelazna podpore przyszlej armji polskiej, zahartowani, silni, peini przeswiadczenia o spelnionym obowiazku — ci zas, co legli, to kamienie przez Boga rzucone na szaniec 1... Zwyci?zyli nawet swq. smierci^, zwyci?zyli, bo przelamali oboj?tnosc rodakow, bo odkupili krwia swoja narod, ocalajac go przed gnusnoscia i zdaniem si? na opatrznosc. Stali si? sumieniem narodtt, widmem, wciaz si? zjawiajacym, wciaz pukajacym w okna chaty polskiej: — Narodzie wstaii! OSTATNI ROK O DWUCH latach bojow pisal jeden ze znamienitych wodzow polskich, komendant II brygady, Czy przewrotu, czy ruchawek i powstan, Jozef Haller : lub rewolucji? “Czegosmy chcieli? Gdysmy w organizacjach militarnych formalnie kradli kazd^ chwil? czasu, by wyszkolic, wyksztalcic i wycwiczyc kadry woj- ■ kowe z nolitowaniem spogladano na nas, z niedowierzaniem, cz?sto z pogardtt, a nawet spotykalismy st? z wraz% zac1?tosc,a. Doprawdy droga, kt6r%smy szli, nie byia pokryta rozanti, lecz zdrowy upor mlodziezy przetrwal. Wiedzielisnty, ze dobrze chcemy, choc nas nie rozumiejtj. A chcielismy Panstwa polskiego, bo niegodnym narod zycia, ktory do wolnosci nie dazy. A zatym chcielismy, by powstajQce Pahstwo nasze mialo swa sil? zbrojmi, swoje wojsko, sw? arm]?! Kilka lat pracy w przedwojennych czasach zrobily swoje, lecz zbyt krotki byl ten okres, tak, ze z chwiLy wybuchu wojny mogty wyruszyc tylko kadry tworzacych si? wojsk polskich, ktore nie zdolaty porwac za soba narodtt. Pontinto to, trwalismy wierni swej idei, swiadomi celu, jak i odpowiedzialnosci, jaka za ten czyn nasz ponosimy. II Brygada ni biala, ni czerwong.. Nie klasy, nie partje przewodzic jej mialy, ni przewodz^. Bialo-czerwony sztandar: to jedyne godlo nasze. Chcielismy tylko tego, by bye polskim zolnierzem i dozyc tej chwili, gdy nas cala Polska uzna! A czysmy warci Polski, czysmy dopi?li celu? Niech swiadeza za nas czyny nasze: te setki potyczek, bitew, marszow w znojach i trudach”, Tak pisze zolnierz o dzialalnosci dwuletniej Legjonow. Zacz?ly sie teraz inne czasy. Inne sprawy zaj?ly glowy tworc6w Legjonow. Po paru jeszcze bitwach, w ktorych Legjony wzbogacily slaw? swoja nowymi wawrzynami nad Stochodem i Stawokiem, po biawuiowym kontrataku, ktorym zolnierze polscy wyp?dzili moskali z zaj?tych juz okopow, puiki polskie opuscily zajmowany odcinck, a komendanci wymusili poprostu na wyzszej wladzy dluzszy odpoezynek dla strudzonych zolnierzy. Puiki byly straszliwie przerzedzone i wvkruszone. Najwi?kszy czas byl po temu. �On tez reprezentowal wraz z pulk. Berbeckim i gromada weteranow wojsko polskie w pami?tnym dniu 5 listopada 1916 roku, gdy aktem uroczystym, podpisanym przez cesarzy dwu mocarstw centralnych, oglaszano w Warszawie zmartwychwstanie Panstwa Polskiego, gdy poraz pierwszy od wielu, wielu lat, ponad zamkiem krolewskim w Warszawie wzbil si? znowu orzel bialy, a wojska swoje i obce sprezentowaly broh przed tym znakiem pahstwowosci polskiej. Odczuli gl?boko Legjonisci ten dzich, byl on bowiem pierwszym realnym etapem do odbudowania Polski. Galy swiat musial odt^d mowic o Polsce, nikt nie smial przcmilczec Jej imienia. Udaio si? wreszcie wycofac oddzialy polskie z frontu bojowego i rozmiescic je w twierdzach, lub obozach, gdzie zalozono szkoly techniczne, podoficerskie i wojskowe. Mnostwo legjonistow odkomenderowano do wsi i miasteczek, gdzie chlopcy prowadzili robot? werbunkowa, oswiatowa i spoleczna. Tymczasem Pilsudski domagal si? daleko id^cych koncesji dla narodu polskiego. Rozpocz?la si? cicha, podjazdowa walka przeciw niemcom, a wreszcie Pilsudski podal si? do dymisji. To podzialalo na austrjakow. Aby oslabic wrazenie, wywolane usunieciem si? Pilsudskiego, zamienili luzne brygady polskie na korpus pomocniczy. ozyc ew. “Polska powstaje. . . jakaz piorunow.'j moc ma to slowo, ile dziwncj tresci! Czy wy czujecic to promienne slowo? wieciez wy, co si? w dzwi?ku owym miesci? czy wy to slowo dobrze rozumiecie, co, jak piorun, dzis leci po swiecie? Gdy si? to stalo (dnia 2 pazdziernika 1916 roku) pulkownicy-brygadjerzy wydali do zolnierzy i of icerow wojska polskiego nast?puj^cg. odezw?: “W dwuletniej, zmudnej, obfitej w krwawe ofiary walce, zdobylismy wreszcie pierwszy zrab wojska polskiego — pierwszy Korpus Polski. Ten pierwszy Polski Korpus powstaje na zQ.danie naszych najstarszych oficerow, wl^cznie z Brygadjerem Jozefem Pilsudskim. Jak On, b?d$c wsrod nas, tak i my stac b?dziemy na strazy honoru wojska polskiego; dlatego niezlomnie trwac b?dziemy na raz obranej drodze. Nie kieruje nami uczucie, lecz obowiazek polaka. W obecnych walkach o przyszlosc Polski obowiazek polaka jest rownoznaczny z obowiazkiem zolnierza w szeregach, na ktorych slaw? zlozyly si? walki i krew Legjonow. Obowiazek; ten b?dziemy pelnili nadal i wypelnimy, biorac pelna odpowiedzialnosc przed Warni i narodem za nasze stanowisko i czyny. Wierzymy silnie, ze tak jedynie post?puj^c, zrealizujemy Niepodlegle Panstwo Polskie. Polska powstaje, POLSKA ZYWA. .. zali to cudne slowo w duszach warn oddzwi?knie i zali w sercach plomienie rozpali? To juz nie frazes, co wykwita pi?knie na ustach mowey, jak strzelista raca, lecz dluga, znojna i ofiarna praca! Polska powstaje. . . na skrzydlach swych bieli niesie ja ku nam od sniegow Sybiru nasz aniol sm?tny, srebrzysty Anhelli; z jasnych jej ramion welon spada z kiru — a wi?c krzyknijmy jej: “hosanna!” z wn?trzy sere i przyjmijmyz godnie dar najswi?tszy! Marjan Zegota-Januszajtis, pulk. bryg. Jozef Haller, pulk bryg. Zygmunt Zielinski, pulk. zast. kdta. brygady.” Na komendanta korpusu powolano hr. Szeptyckiego, znamienitego oficera sztabowego. — 17 Polska powstaje — slyszycie — powstaje! krwiij wywalczona, t?sknota wysniona, strojna w koron?, strojna w gronostaje... Do st?sknionego przycisnijmy Iona ptaka bialego i niech w slohce leci, na slaw? nasza i przyszlych stuleci!” �Legjony, zlozone z najlepszych sit w narodzie, skupiaj^ce pod swymi sztandarami ludzi nauki, sztuki, pracy spolecznej — sa ta wymarzona armk narodow?, ktora w czasie wojny kraju brom, aw czasie pokoju idzie w lud z ksiazka i gor^cym siowem. To tea inna jest dzis opinja o Legjonach w Krolestwie, innyml jest Krolestwo w odniesienilt do zagadnien narodowych. Powstala Tymczasowa Rada Stanu w Warszawie, Pilsudski stal si? jej czlonkiem. Nadzieja wstapila w serce narodu, ktory poczai jednoczyc sie wreszcie, poczai rozumiec, ze wielkich rzeczy dokonac mozna tylko przy wytezeniu wszystkich sil, przy ofiarnosci nieslychanej, me jednostek, lecz ogdlu. Zrozumiano wreszcie ide? Legjonow, zaczeto cenic ich bohaterstwo. ROKITNA Pilsudski stawal sie powoli bozyszczem narodu. Imie jego bylo juz haslem. Dokola jego osoby grupowala si? zwolna wielka cz?sc spoleczenstwa, patrzacego spokojnie prawdzie w oczy i rozumiejaca, ze wyp?dzenie nioskali z Polski, to dopiero pierwszy schdd drabiny, wiodacej do rzeczywistej wolnosci. Zarz^dzenie to motywuje odnosny rozkaz Gien. Gubernatorstwa Warsz. (Oddz. Polska Sila Zbr.) faktem zakohczenia przegladu ochotnikow, oraz wzgl?dem na zblizajace si? zniwa. Potrzeba zostawic wszystkie sily, jakimi kraj rozporz^dza, dla robot w polu, a przez to odroczyc werbunek do wojska. Czas przejsciowy b?dzie najlepiej wyzyskany, jesli podda si? po chwilowym zamkni?ciu urz?d6w zaciagowych oficerow, podoficerow i zolnie­ rzy, wycwiczeniu wedlug nowych, obowiazujacych obecnie w wojsku polskim przepisow, ktore po 6-miesi?cznej sluzbie personelu zaciagowego nie zawsze dostatecznie sa znane. Oficerowie i zoinierze dotad w pracy zaciagowej zaj?ci, odeszli cz?sciowo do pulkdw poszczegdlnych, cz?sciowo zas do obozu cwiczen w Dabrowie. Takze z personalu giownych urz?dow zaciagu i krajow. inspektoratu w Warszawie odeszla cz?sc podoficerdw i zolnierzy do obozu cwiczen. Z dniem tym zatym legjonisci sciagni?ci zostali z calej prowincji, a spoleczenstwo polskie pozbawione zostalo bezposredniej stycznosci z zolnierzami polskimi. Praca narodowo-oswiatowa, kladaca podwaliny pod budow? armji i panstwa polskiego, zostala przerwana na czas diuzszy. W ten sposob mialoby omawiane rozporzadzenie charakter zarzadzenia czysto administracyjnego, a przytym czasowego, bez znaczenia dla ogdlu ludnosci. Spoleczenstwo, ktore ocenilo nalezycie znaczenie posterunkdw zaciagowych i ktore przywiazalo si? do legjonow, zegnalo wsz?dzie z zalem odjezdzajacych na cwiczenia oficerow i zolnierzy. Zwini?cie organizacji zaciagu zahacza jednak o szereg kwestji szerszego znaczenia i nie moze bye wobec tego traktowane, jako sprawa jedynie wewn?trzno wojskowa. Po uwzglednieniu tych wlasnie elementow zrozumialym stanie sie niepokoj, z jakim pizyj?to zwlaszcza na prowincji — wiadomosc o sciaganiu urz?ddw zaciagu. Wedlug wiadomosci, jakie nadeszly dot^d do Warszawy, odjazd legjonistow przybral we wszystkich miastach i miasteczkach Krolestwa Polskiego charakter manifestacji. Wsz?dzie odbyly si? pozegnalne zebrania przy udziale przedstawicieli miejscowego obywatelstwa. W mowach, jakie na zebraniach wygloszono, dano wyraz sympatji spoleczenstwa dla zolnierzy polskich i wyrazono nadziej?, ze legjonisci niebawem pojawiq. si? znowu wsrdd spoleczenstwa i podejma z powrotem przerwana nic pracy spoleczno-narodowej. Na dworcach kolejowych zebraly si? przy odjezdzie legjo­ nistow w wielu niiejscowosciach liczne tlumy publicznosci, ktora owacyjnie zegnala poskich oficerow i zolnierzy. “Glos” warszawski takie dodaje uwagi: — 18 — Legjonisci, ktorzy w liezbie kilkuset oficerow ? okolo 2,000 zolnierzy zostali w zimie r. 1916 rozrzuceni po calym kraju i uzyci do shizby zaciagowej — mieli dwa zadania do spelnienia: jedno polegalo na samej akeji werbunkowej, drugie mialo charakter obywatelski. Pierwsze zadanie zostalo tylko cz?sciowo wykonane. Bez aprobaty bowiem najwyzszej magistratury polskiej, bez odezwy a } tanu nie m6gi bye zaciag punktem ci?zkosci dzialalnosci posteiun\6w weibunkowych. Stad rowniez wysnuwanie zlosliwych wmoskow o rzekomym bankructwie zaciagu z raeji zapisania �Polacy zas, jakoby osmieleni wybuchem rewolueji w caracie, oraz zach?ceni odezwQ tymczasowego rzadu rosyjskiego, nabrali wi?kszego rozniachu w stawianiu konkretnych zadah, zd^zajacych do usuni?cia wplywow niemieckich na ziemi polskiej. zaledwie 5,000 zgloszonych ochotnikow w tym czasie — mogloby bye podyktowane jedynie zla wola. Inaczej rzecz si? miala z drugim zadaniem, ktorego podjal si? aparat zaciagowy. Polegalo ono no pogi?bieniu nurtow panstwowosci we wlasnym spoleczehstwie na budzeniu prowineji do nowego samodzielnego bytu panstwowego. Sam widok zolnierza polskiego, tego jedynego przedstawiciela sily narodowej na najdalszych partykularzach musial dzialac dodatnio, a c6z dopiero gdy zolnierz ten opromieniony slawa 2 i pol letnich bojow poczal dzia­ lac, uswiadamiac i bronic. To tez bardzo szybko ludnosc Krolestwa Polskiego nauczyla si? widziec w zolnierzu polskim swego opiekuna, a cz?sto i przewodnika w dziele odrodzenia. Setki odezytow historycznych, zakladanie bibljotek wiejskich i czytelni, rozpowszechnianie pism i wydawnictw ugruntowalo w szerokich warstwach ide? Paristwa i Wojska polskiego. Zolnierze przydzieleni do zaciagu, przykladali rowniez skuteeznie r?k? do odbudowy zamarlych w czasie wojny zrzeszen spolecznych. Pomagali w organizaeji i wycwiczeniu strazy ogniowej, inicjowali zawiazywanie sklepow wiejskich i Kolek rolniczych i t. p. Oficer i zolnierz polski wnosil wsz?dzie zycie mi?dzy martwot?. Niemcy niech?tnie dawali koncesje, z tego, co przyobiecywali, by! zaledwie szkielet. Rewolucja rosyjska, oraz rownoezesne oslabienie militarne Rosji, podzialaly na niemcow w sposob dla polakow niekorzystny: giermanie przestali l?kac si? sasiada ze wschodu i stali si? odporniejsi wobec zadah polakow. Walka rozpocz?la si? na dobre. Na przedzie stal znowu Brygadjer Pilsudski. Na razie zakohezyla si? pierwsza cz?sc walki wystapieniem z Rady Pilsudskiego i jego najblizszych. Przyszio wreszeie i aresztowanie bohaterskiego wodza Legjonow, ale w tym. wypadku niemcy przeliczyli si? powaznie. Spodziewali si?, ze uwi?zieniem Pilsudskiego zgn?bia pola­ kow, tymczasem stalo si? zupelnie co innego. Polacy zjednoezyli si? u furty wi?ziennej Pilsudskiego, a caly kraj i zagranica stan?ly wiernie obok idei Wodza. Depesze nadchodzace z Polski, tak sa niescisle i sprzeezne z soba, ze zawsze potrzeba dopiero odczekac pewien czas, aby si? przekonac, co w nich jest prawda, a co klamstwem lub przesada. On ci to gromem jest i blyskawica, On jest: w potomnosc idacy testament, Zdawien pisany Narodu krwawica, On. . . zolnierz polski: Czyn nasz i Sakrament, On. . . Prawda, ktora zawsze w sercach niesmy: Ze mysmy byli i ze my — jestesmy! KONIEC. — 19 — �LEGJONY POLSKIE AROD polski pokazal, ze pomimo dlugiej niewoli zyje i umie walczyc o swoja przyszlosc niezalezna; po raz pierwszy od dziesi?cioleci standi rra rowni z innymi narodami przez stworzenie LEGJONOW POLSKICH. Z wlasnej woli, nie z nakazu, tysiace ochotnikow z calej Polski poszly w b6j przeciwko Rosji, najokrutniejszemu ciemi?zcy Polski. Za ucisk i krzywdy ludu, za Sybir i szubienice, za znieprawianie duszy mlodziezy i tlumienie zycia narcdowego nios^ p.omst?, o ktorej marzyly pokolenia. Ostrzami bagnetow krzesz^ zapomniane prawo' Polski. Na polach bitew, pod Laskami, Krzywoplotami, Nadworna, Limanowa, Rafajlowg, Lowczowkiem wskrzesily juz Legjony slaw? zolnierza polskiego, ktorego umilowanie wolnosci prowadzi do bohaterstwa. Ochotnicy od ro­ ll, z warsztatow, fabryk i szkol wzbudzaja podziw, uzyskuja najwyzsze odznaczenia za czyny rycerskie. Rodacy! W wojnie swiatowej wyt?zaja swe sily wszystkie narody. Na walk? krwawa posylaja miljony zolnierzy. Wiedz^, ze kl?ski wojny przemina, ale okupic niemi trzeba skarby najwieksze: niepodlegly, spokojny byt narodowy. Biada biernym i obcj?tnym, ktorzy znoszg cierpliwie okrucienstwa wojny. Z pozogi wojennej nie wzejdzie dla nich jutrzenka lepszej doli. Rodacy! Czas wstac i brae or?ze! Departament wojskowy Naczelnego Komitetu Narodowego wzywa wszystkich Polakow, zdolnych do sluzby wojskowej do Legjonow Polskich. Czeka Was bron, dawno przez Polaka pozadana dla walki z Rosjg, czeka Was mundur, chwala juz okryty. Po bratersku Was przyjm^ waleczne szeregi, poprowadza Was polscy komendanci w b6j o wolna Ojczyzn?. KS. BISKUP WL. BANDURSKI GDANSK NACZELNIK PILSUDSKI DR. MICHAL SOKOLNICKI, SEKRETARZ N. K. N. GNIEZNO �ODJAZD ULANdW MSZA POLOWA POLON POLSKI �DO ATAKU EKSC. TRZASKA-DURSKI PUDKOWNIK SOSNKOWSKI PUDKOWNIK BERBECKI ZE SZTABEM EKSC. BILINSKI W PRAWO PATRZ! �PULKOWNIK BERBECKI PRZEJSCIE PRZEZ NIDE PRZEjfiCIE PRZEZ WIEPRZ �PRZYJECIE PREZESA JAWORSKIEGO SZTAB NA GEOWNEJ KWATERZE RAPORT OF1CEROWIE IV. PUL.KU LEGJONOW �TELEFONISTA PO BITWIE TELEFONISTA ARTYLERJI �POGRZEB LEGJONISTY POGRZEB KOZAKA KOMPANJA CZWARTAKdW NA ROLI �UROCZYSTY WMARSZ LEGJON6W GROBY WSP6LNE PILSUDSKI W INTENDANTURZE UROCZYSTOSC W PIOTRKOWIE �MARSZ WIOSENNY OB. JUR, SZEF ZANDARMERJI POLOWEJ PULKOWNIK SMIGLY-RYDZ PLOCK MAJOR ZYMIRSKI TARNOW �ZDOBYTE OKOPY PIERWSI JENCY KUBA-BOJARSKI &P. herwin-putek POZA FRONTEM Sp. wyrwa-furgalski �,j6ZEF PILSUDSKI W OTOCZENIU SWEGO SZTABU ALEKSANDER DEBSKI WARSZAWA POJ1NIK MICK1EWICZA W. SIEROSZEWSKI PODI’ULKOWNIK LEON 13ERBECKI WAWEL �KOPANIE TRANSZOW NA GROBIE KOLEGI TELEFONiSCI �SZTAB DOKTORZY MUZYKA I. PUL.KU �SZTANDAR DLA LEGJON6W OD POLEK PANORAMA PRZEMYSLA ZN1SZCZENIE AMERYKAIS’SKICH �PULKOWNIK ROJA GRUPA NA POSTOJU ARTYLERJA POLOWA OFICEROWIE Il-go PULKU ULANOW �GROBY POD ROKITNA PO ODWROCIE MOSKALI W GOSCINIE U LEGJONISTOW �POD LUBLINEM RAPORT POD KONARAMI W LUBELSKIEM �NA CZATACH ARTYLERJA OBCH6D KONSTYTUCJI 3-go MAJA W PIOTRKOWIE W DRODZE W SZPITALU �DO ATAKU GRUPA OFICERdW W ZAKOPANEM PO ZNOJNEJ PRACY PRZEPRAWA PRZEZ WIEPRZ �ULAN lA'PWIK MAJCHER Z CHICAGO SANITARJUSZKA NAJMEODSZY LEGJONISTA �MOGILY PODPOR. B. OSTROWSKI Z CHICAGO LWOW MARJAN FIGLER I J. RUPI^SKI Z CHICAGO LEGJONlSCI W DRODZE NA NOWE POZYCJE KOWNO ��W.JAZD EEG.IONOw PIL.SUDSKIEGO DO WABSZAWY PISARZ JULJUSZ KADEN-BANDROWSKI �BRYGADJER HRABIA SZEPTYCKI OSTATNI PORTRET PIESUDSKIEGO W UKRYCIU DEKOROWANIE POR. OSTROWSKIEGO Z CHICAGO �PULKOWNIK JOZEF HALDER W KARPATACH PILSUDSKI W GRONIE OFICEROW I BRYGADY W CZASIE GRY W �PULKOWNIK MINKIEWICZ MAJOR BRZOZA MICHAL SOKOLNICKI LEGJONY POD LUBLINEM �REDUTA PILSUDSKIEGO SANDOMIERZ OSTRA BRAMA PULAWT �PRZEGL.XD LEG IONOV/ BELINIACY — GRUPA OFICERdW KAWALER.II II PULKU ��W KARPATACH PILSUDSKI NA KONIU LEGJONISTA I SANITARJUSZKA LEGJONY W POCHODZIE ULANI �OBCHODY NAHODOWE I UROCZYSTOSCI NA CZESC ZWYCIESKICH LEGJONOW KU0NIA POLOWA �KOPIEC KO!§CIUSZKI SUKIENNICE I KOSClOL MARYACKI ���� Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Polish Room scrapbooks Description An account of the resource A collection of scrapbooks created by the Polish Committee from the 1940s through the present day. Materials included in the scrapbooks include photographs, correspondence, pamphlets, newspaper clippings, and other ephemera on the Polish Room at E.S. Farley Library and Polish-American contributions in the Wyoming Valley. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Polish Committee Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1940s through present day. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Album Legjonow Polskich, 1914-1916 Subject The topic of the resource Poland--Legiony Polskie Description An account of the resource The Central Committee of National Defense compiled and published this, Album Legjonow Polskich, in 1918, featuring an introduction by Czesław Łukaszkiewicz. Based in Chicago, the Committee promoted Polish independence and supported the city's growing immigrant population during the geopolitical shifts of the Great War. These immigrant-led organizations fostered solidarity among refugees, helping the American public recognize the legitimacy of the Polish cause. Their collective activism countered political mischaracterizations that sought to discourage Polish immigrants from establishing themselves in the United States. A journalist who immigrated in 1914, Łukaszkiewicz devoted his career to the Polish diaspora. He established public education centers in Scranton and edited newspapers throughout New York and Pennsylvania, using his novels and journalistic works to educate and empower his community. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Łukaszkiewicz, Czesław Zygmunt 1882 - 1946. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1918 Type The nature or genre of the resource Book https://omeka.wilkes.edu/omeka/files/original/f19250317b8cc3c40744cfb020995b92.pdf 9dc944e385a26f461c08980662df2cd6 PDF Text Text ���M. . nAa iJatml,, „a, WldsnostsPanstwwe 2inon> Sdufil naWawelu-w Kr..k^..-. Oveas sales:JUchistoryofjfoah..DesignedbyMedian. ai^lUtnl 7d™, lasted in. Brussels before lS53fcv toe Wawd Own^L ^vta Wa^d Ca^ic, Orxc^w ‘Taptssecie a£ ba. -fcniuee. de Vtswux. de r d'apvis carion de. Mdiad tb^v* etr Witten* 7dnsPf ^tecatde avant 1553 d &cuxdks surcommande dn zvt de pol^ae SigL^nd aag^peurte.eM^du soie^fits cb ajHwtve dbore. Proprteicdre-: Jxs QfUecizoft^^aitenaies d{ 'dri du Wawd , . ' _ , • ■ iin? �«<i? ft^rronw .4<«*acta Coxiena iwau^T v wXroT’“ift"^^^1’ ^m^sa' L . IVcm^. ;j^<mxh t rt<e SFE^pna xtau; Zbtoiy Sz&durta. Watwlu. w • tr ruzStvry q^ J^oaft - D-zsigncd. by MlctwH rxi tn- Bn^sseLs i^/bre iS'SSJbv ihe mtweZ ' of ^larut ^tgtsrrvurui (lu^usti.^ .Waol^ vte, CbUceHons3 Wawel Cattle, ’ cii. M?Z r a txptt? carton cU. Aiichacl >53 a £5cuAXU<<y sue comnuvide du t'oi tc- cn^dECUc da Wawel , ^oic <a5^i'Ls oUcctioft^M^^on^es d art du Wawci r -. n^ch^crdc •' nach Kartons- vom Atichud s&iiurui d£S polidsdx^n ftonigsStg^tur^ ^Xfuazd fiir das Kdnl^dUcss tvawd Schlcss WoMtl.liteM”’ & * �ij^'WWfwwwiwwibWRMWwuttinoiyiHfe ■ . acmsmw poluyae n^kn^.^wafinan iwnaixnvym.v^fl -UA CUws tapestry, awering ybr a chair, with flower bowl, eteadect after 1555 iit Brussels at the order of the King of Poland, Sigis ~ ~nund Augustus ‘fn'tfcWaweL fasite, made of woot^ilfe and, gilded, silver thread,. Owned, by:JheShde (Mr CdUectum,, Wa»veL (teite,Cracow S S. Taj)\^erh:cowterhxre de chaise awe un< uwe de/teucs,^cute aprb 1553aBruxelles sue* dommandeduroidepotogneSufis* ^nond Ougu^epow? U chateau, du Mtawt .£auie.soU ieej^ d argent' aori. propvietui^: £es Collection^ d'<M? cut J ■ ^1°^? BiUtt^pi^ f(UM. ^Brussel nachi * ziAi--------- « f i V BHSOTISW • ■. Schloss Wawel, Krakow ( 60xG5e*’) J "V .. < A �S $! Orrasowe poizrycle na tzrusib, z owocaml i Kwiatami otcu- uu^ateuru nrbla polshiego Zygmunta (Augusta, ,wy nonane nu^cgo xarnowtarue. w Sru/cseii po 1555 cUcl xamlzu vm^elskiego, wetny Jedwat^u i rad srebmy , xibccmy. ' . ^pabstw.Zb.Sduid na,Wa^elu. n? Kndwwie (Arvos tapestry, covering for cc dicdr, rvitfvfrud^ and Jlov^er- design andtfve itittials cftfie King of poland Sigismund (Augustus ,execiz ted uvBrrussels at his order after l553fsr-ihe CdsHe} cf wool siUt andgildd Stiver thread. Owned by: Jhe State Orb CbUecticm , Wuwel CdsUe, Cracow (poland ) .ioplsserie: cauveriure de chaise avec fruits ,fieurs et initiales du roi ae pologne Sigisrrumd (Auguste,execuiee sursu commande d JB xeues, ayres 1553, pour le chateau du WaweL. Caine ,Saie et d argent dore. praprietaue : Ces Gollectums d'Clrtr du . r duV^.wet,Cracovie CVoLogne) ■'•"< -jy- IM H :f I % I -~y — . . auf ftestdlung in Brussel nacfi 1553 fvergesteUi/ undfdr das Kbrdgsschioss Wawelin Krcdcdw be&tirntrrt.WoUe ,Seide und VCT^ goldete Silherfaden. Eigentum.: Siaailidie JCuristsamrnhuigen , Schloss Wawel , icraicdw ( polen) �WilhdmaJonsa. (l),wykonany po n 155$ w Brukselijia zam&vt&ue krolupoLskiego tygmunta OugustiL .Weftm yjecbwJf i nic sttbrna ,xt6cona. Wf. fanstw.ZbwrySztukinaWdwdu wKndunvte. Japestry Mt animals:„5fte dragonfightsthe duetad9. ttestgned by William. Jons G), euadzd after 1553 tn Brussels abthjbdrr1^1 (fihc King cf- island Sigismund Uugiistus-frrihe Wa^t Cdsde. Wool, silk and gilded stiver itmad. 0wnersi^Sta^artColledLOnsiWd^(dst^ ^agissenc Met animawt t „Combatdu dragon twee Ugueptwd 9, d'apris te carton degiullaume^ons fe^aeadee, apres 1553 & 5ruxdl^,surcommandz du wide Polqgne Stgismond CLugust^ t pour le dudxau du Wawel. £ainetsoic etfds dcuyentdore . ^Jp^tuue ifes CoUedwns Natwnales cCdri'Ctu Wcuvel . ^Id^ppidt i^^ie^.^wnppd&sJJtuchjms nubdem gepani 9 nac/t ^rirn von Wtlhdm 5bns (V, auf Restellunn des potnischen august,in.Br&sel Aadi-l^heyesielUr undjur das KorugssdtLoss Wawd bestimmb agmiLun:Stnafi. ICunstsamnUungeu, Sddoss Wand, l^mkdiv. ’J �Clrras gvoieskowy xgiobusem i imgatiuni krolapolslztego ZygmunfaClugusta. ,wyfantany nagego tiarnowtenie . w ttrukseti pa v. 1553 dla xamltu wawdshicgo. Wetna.,) ' i tuc srebnuL, xtec&ny. Wfasnos'c: panstivowe dbiory Sduki tup Wawelu w fautanvie, fkotis^iayestry w’dh iheglobe, and die initials of- J^ing Stgt Ttuttd Clugiidus Poland ,exeadxd in Brusselscd^his pnu<* 1553 fov-tlvz, Wawd (djtte.Wvol, silk and. gilded, silvep'dtread. pvopedy (ftheStadO^CaUeciwn3ab-du,Wawdf<h^C(yw, ^apisavie aux gvoixs^ue^, leglobe d: Its intUaUs div rot de Sigismond Ouguste, ejcdxdee Stir sa. commande a Btnuce 1553,yourledtaieau.duWawd.£aine fsoie ebfilsd'axgent projmeie cUs Collections Mtiticnales d'Ctetda Wcuvdr J3ddf^jpich nuir dtvieske, Globus und dlotwgnamdespo-------(^use^ihna^^esMunq inBriissd. nadp 1553 hagesidiewulfdrdasKgni ------------- r^ Wolk jSudc und vcrgolddx Stlberfdden (335TK2&5cm) �Tonsa (?),wykonang pordSHw Brales t t * ■polsfagoZygnuulhiClugiAsiadlazatrilui wawelstiiego. ntetha .jedwab i nic svebrrm, xibcona.. Wf Ponrtwwve Zbiory SztuJuna Wawelu w Krakowif, JapestywWi animals: atynx,aginxffi’ and a horse, designed by WUliani Tons (?),executed offer 1553 in Brussels at*the order of die King of Poland Sigismund Augustus -forthe Wawd Castle • Wool, silk and gilded silver-thread. Owiws :7hcStatz Collodions fVowel CastU,<taxow (Poland) Japisscrie owe anuruuvt: an lyrw,une gin^e et tov Cheval, d'apres k carton de guiUaume Sons (z), oceadie apres 1553 a BnweUes, sur commands duroide JVlogne. Stgismond dugaste, pour le chateau du Wawtl. laine^soie etfils d’argent dove. Propneimrc:&s ColkdionsRationales d'Qrtdu WawdRracavte Bildijppidi mit Skeen: ein tudis, dne giraffe und dtv Pfend, nadt ^rt?n WiUwlm Tons (?), cuff BesttUung despolmschen ^^,^An}°nd tu^ust:' Bnlssct nach 1553 htrgesMtt und l^^l^u^sdilossWawabtstinvnt. ^olle,Seidc und veigoldete Sdb&fddat. gentian.: <5taadidic Kunstsanuniunyeii, Schloss . �vas z saAjrami i uutpfrmi ktitla politic#! Zygmunta Ougusta , wykonany x j^0 zanunvumc w BrukseU po r. 1553 din xamku wawclsfaego - Wtfna , dwab i nic srrbwui .zibcona • Wtusruw; Panstvwvw Zbiorg Sztidu nn Wawdu >v h'nikewie . eras -tapestry with satyrs and the initials of the hat UJ of Poland Sigismund ugustus .treaded in Brussels at his order after 1553 for theWarvel Castle-. Vool ,sUlt and gilded silver dwuui . Owned by-.TheStatedrt &>lketu>n$,Wawel Castie rUvu<nv I Poland) aptsscrie ovcc satyrcs et initiates du tw de Pologne Sigismond diegusie t veeutie 6ur sa commands d BcuxeUcs apr&s 1555 pour U chatitau du- YVawd. ainr.trie tt-fUsd dymt d0tv\ . , ^P^etxurc: its Collections HationaUs d’drti du Wawd, Cracovie . ildtxppich, tnit Sntycs wul Monogrammdes polnisdun Kanias Sigismund in. Brtoel noth 1553 hetges^U^undftu^ te, Scute u .vecgolddx- Silbedadenr < ■^g - btaatl. KunstsarnnUurtijen, Scivloss Waxvel, hiratiovo. �rras ie zwierzetami :,Polowanu iwa na matyy .podtug kartonu ^Una Tmsoai^wnany por.l555w BruxeU na zanunviaue v^polshiegoZygmunta Ougusta dla mmHu wawelsfaega . 'etha. ,jedwab i nic snebma,, zibcona. VW PanstwowcZbiarySztuki na Wawelu wUrakowiz . vestry with animalsi„5hz lion hunts monkeys" Design^ by Mam Tons (f), executed offer 1555 in, Brussels at the order fthe King of Poland Sigismund Augustus -'for the WaweL 'astU. Wool, silk and gilded silver thread. Owners: Tie Statz MrCollections, Wawd Casdzf Qaco^o. lapissene aux anunaux :fe lion chasse ks singes ^d'apmes e carton de C/ulUaunte Tons ( exeadu cymes 1555 d BruxelUs, surcommande du rai de Pologne Sigismund duguste ,joour le di^teau du Wawel. £aine,soie etjils d’eugent dore. Propnitxurc: les Collections Mdwnales d'Mr du Waiwel . 'iibdtzppidi nutTurtn: „Derlowc Jagt die Ctfftn nadt Kartun vonWUhdm Jons M,auf Bestdkuig despolnischen Kenigs dugast , in Brussel nach 1555 hergcstzUt und Jar das Kdnigsschloss Wawel bestimmt: WolU, Slide and vergoUbdx Silberfaaen . tigentuni: Staatl. Kunstsam mlungen, Schloss I ttuod, Ktufccnv. �[■ Ji i . /?> , ,. Av.. z, • 'krr-V<^>* ■--’. K.vzSiF.‘ - A2-<ju? gEU-'g ��otilwi ■i rs®iowWilson sss Vol r $ Im ■O' -C- fiHMM ■ft WoMowwwte BwWwB ■ /;=■; ■<■ : ■ < ■ WOwsW »<«».. mM <.!.iMBMb nWMw ,? ■■ : ■■ ■ ■ ■■:■.■■': : ;-,. - 1 ■ i’^aggae! W'"' ”agg iaS™ •1 ' r> |SPI Kffi .^sjiiiw Wv: . HBSSB fit ^Wte yigffOtjw w WiMrfwiWSMWwin 'O--- VO'-V-?< 'r"'' ’B M OB ffi O#is ■ p}<®fejifefe ■ RSffl ■;•>« ■■ ■ Wkir^nsoPpH'l 00illWB Jw a™««r ten HHI . ■ iW;ltefc«w™ HlOfcw O"' ■OE $iW ' ju nitl fit A — w fa < iviviraw fl! ' ':? < ®W Bju .. . ■ ‘ ’■ ■ '.■■' ."■)-': j.’.J’sS b '""' ■ OhOO s ����OrvaJi xscai ^Dzlgc hbegoT^ifol tzartonu Mtifaida Coxiena.iWiLUnw.’Jonsei, wiltenany ptud r. 7555 iv BaCksdina xarndwtoue luvla poishiego Zggmuntia (Zugushi dla uimku. wuMiSlziego - JVeiha., jcdwab i nie srdjrriii /ctoanui. Wtasiwsc tPansbwvt. Zbiory Szhtiti.naWavvdet w Krcdiowie tf#MS tapestiyftotn ifte secies: Tic fu-stiiry of Jfoaft • Designed- by Jdfcticul Gxunand WiUe/n'Jbns seated uvBmssds before 1553Jot tile M4iw«Z Castle attice <?nicrof tfie King rfPoland Sigismund CtiA^LtSin^.Woolf stilt and gilded silver dttxad. ^udbyiTkc Sf^vtz ilei' CoUedions, Wctwel Castlz, Ctwc&w Tapisserie de la tentiwe de ftsioux. de Jfoe r ddptxs carion de Jdiduiel ddxien^ T Willent Tons, &teadee avanr 1553 d 15vuveUes sue comma/tde du rot de Pologne Sigismond Uugitsa pour le. cfiaduw. du Wawel. £oune. t soled 'argenb' ctortf. Prcprieiiure t £es Collections^Nididnates d (lef'du Wawel, Leota vie. (Polegne) • r™' -nMh Miduul august irTrusscl wc 15; ^^^S^L^sisitmndungen Schloss Wa^el.hnMw �Huhatti (mama, wylmumy prud iSfSr. w EniKStU nalanummu iwfapMiiup tygmuntu Augusta Ma zamku vmvtlsKugtvteBui .jaiwab i nic srebma, ztbcona■ YVt'. Pahstwowe Zbiory Sztuhi naWawelu w KraJwwle. Papistry jrom tiu series "Jhe story of the Paradise "• „ adam cuttrvatu the soit*. Designed by Michael Coxien, executed in Brussels tvfbne i555fortlu HUwel CastU ,atthe ordercf the King cf Poland sigismutid Ougustus. Waot ,silh and yUdet sih^itinad. iXvtucs:^he State Oct Colkctums, Wawd CdstU, Gvuxjw . ^apissede. dt la, side ^’histoue du RnxuUs'':,, ddam cuttive Uc taxe’,d’aptis U carton deMuficl Coxiac,exxcutie (want 1553 d. Brwcdl£s,sur canunande du wide Polognc Sigtsmond duguste, pour le dudeau du Wand, feune ,soie etfils daryent dare , ^P^tureilisCdUct^ }Vawel, (^5ede -Die Cjesdiichte vom PokuUcs v,J toibn von Michael Caden^curf Besiel august-, in. Ortisfel vor WMVa ..... �tscw; usual ««>«<ii W abta’poMV feu*n« Oxuna .wykonany JX> v.1553 w Brcuk^U na poUfcupc tygmunta Ougusta, CUa xamhu wawdski^go .Wetna, 1’edwab i nic svdbma, ,dbcona . , , ' Wfasnosc: Pcuistw.Xbtory Sztuki na WomkIu wknawwie ‘fyxs&y -from -the. series <• 9he. story of the Paradise* :„3h£ Sacd~ ficc tfObd'. Designed by Michael Ctodrn }etea.dxd irvJ&cussds afar l555firduWa»oeL Castie,a£ the order of the King of Poland Sigismund dugusius. Wool, silk and gilded silverdwead. Owners -.The State Clrtr (^lledtonSfWa^Cdsde^CaacW ^apisseeie de la side ^i'/ustow die Pamdis; „ fa afftande d ’ Obd" d'apces le carton de Michel Coxien t cxeadee aptes 155& a BrwcdUs sue conunande da raids Pologne Sigismond C4u~ guste ,pour le chateau du Wawd. fawe,scie etfils dargentdani. ^rojnidxure:£u Collections Hcdwtuiles d/CUrt du, t YtowA, Oucovie (Cologne ). Btldteppidi aus dec Ade » Die qesdiidrte vom Parodies': clbds Mdwd BuitUung dis Brusstlnadtl55i bestimmir. Nolle, Sadc tuid wngoldete, Sdbafaduv . ^x^‘SCaatlichcJ<unstocunmUuxg^ Wawcl. �• ■''1 • flrnw z sail«Pzujc rajsfuen: v Ucieczda, KtutvO' Midvrta Coxiena , wjlionany p> r. 1553 w toruhseU krda polstucgo ^mantel dM^u^cc dla vamii\ WOna,, jcdwab i nic sterna, zt^carM W. Piuistw. Zbiory SxiuJu Fxi WawcUCM; 3aff^inj fvrrv -ihe series „ The story oftfie PanuUse ’' if Qwori ^ Desiane^ by Mictuiel Coxiai ttKCaUzd in, <^er 1555 fortfie VMcuvet Castle, air the omtar cf th Poland Siyismund auynstus .Wool,stUz and yilded Ow^iJhcStatx, Ort Collections, kVawvt Castle, Cnu ^issau dela^me ^X’/urtpur du Parcults £u^ d'apres u carton, de Michel Caxieri fececutee aprts 1553it 5ur commandi, du vol de Cologne Siqtsmond ilugi le <^^ctu.Wuwl./hine,sme etfils ct'arunvt'doi (b!iai“!ns Xart du tVoMiel, Cmaivic C *r ^^igisnumd duyust, ui Brussel nodi 1553 £^tfum.Staatluhe }<unrtsamrnlun^en Schloss Wawel - ■ I 1 ■■ �arms z sera - Dzigc rajstie ": „ Udeczho, Kainev ". pediug Kartonu AUchaUt fodena-, r y/amang po r. 1553 >v &ndtseU na xurninviauc kriAa pclsluego Zygmuntxi dugustu dla zandut u/awelsfiicgo . Wdna , jedwab £ nic stvbma, Ubcana , WV. Pcuisiw. TOjiary Sduki rui WaweUt iv lira/unoie . - . . II . seis ^I555jortfa^ Poland Sigismund OugastusAVool^siUi and g Ovmens: TheState Ort CalUcttons, Wawel Castk, Crucow ^pkseru cU la serie „ C’fustoux du Paradis „ Cafiute de Cain * d. apres it cartint de Michel Caaai uwatfee apres 7555d Bruxelles', sur commands du rot de Pologne Sigismond dugusU,pour le chateau do, Wawel. Joint ,soie ettiLs d'argetvt'dori, Proprietaim: Us (hUcawns d'art du Wawd., iatcovie Utologn* • 6 mis der Serie" Die (geschuhU vam PaJVtdus „ Kairrf -/iudii9 nadv Kartvn wn AUchad toxicn , auf JSesteUung des fMjUs^ ,m Brussel nach 1553 ^yestdUr und jurdas Kdniassduoss Wcuvel bestimmt . WoUe, Sadi Md veyouteti SiUKrfddov. riapvr/,.+~ . Od . i.' . J. . �drvas zserii nJJzigeJ'ibego” t"PyanSiwoJtoego*,podittg ka.r£onu Mfchaela Caxiena, ,wukonany pried r. /55J w Srukseti na xanw\vtmic tavUepolstilego tygmunto Ougusto dta, lamku wawel * skiego. Wdna Jedwab i nic Stxbrna , dbcona. t\nusna^:pan^.<sunary Sr&MnaWawelu w ^ipesttyjvam the series >3ha. history crfJ^ah,»^hc drtinflcnTUS.^ of- iNoatv’',designed byMdtael Caxiai ,exeeuiid itv^rtixSsei^ b^bte 1553 for the. Wawl Castle at toe ^1x^1' of tfi^ Kilty fff polanet Sigismund Ougustos. Wool .silk, and gilded ,ditoevtlwt£id-. fP^^^du.^totoOitrtolkeueniSat,fheWawd,(^vie0W^ Mptsstoe de la. sene. ’’t’Histoire de ^/oe , t’wvesse de n. carton, de Midiad Cendat, exiadee avanir 155J d, Smwlk? sur commande die wide poloqne Stqismcnui (lugus- d'argent:dot^. ■ —,uiuLjiwaas itonigssMoss Wawet bestunmt^ Wolk ,Seidc imd vergolddz Suberfaderv. Egenfunv:Staafiidie KunstsammUnig€n.am.V\lawel, JtwilW ( 6l0*47Ocm). �tastseefi .iniejc^&ego’-.^w nnmowie tBoffUm^potUu^ hartottu Michal (axiaia ^konany pyxed r. 1553 w 0ru^U na xanuMenie Mia poMyo tygtnunta Augusta dla xatnhu mweUWwo - Wethajidwab i me Stvbvna, xi’oeona . Wfasxvosi.: Panstwowe. Xbiory Sfeuhi na Wawdu n> Krahowie 'Sapesty front -the. safes n 3ftc (ustory ofJtbah"* Crod sptafcs it> M^'.VuignetbyJAiduid Caxferv ,ejuaxted in Brussels befirvt 1555 jov the, WaweL Castle, at Hu, onicr of- ihe King of Poland, Sigismund Ougustus.Woel.siUi. andgiided silver thwad. ftvyaiu of the, Statz M Collections at the , Cracow. Jdpissttfe dehzs&ie ’'^Histoitx,dzJ/cc\Dienjxwle,dth/ce n, d’apds tecartorLfeJihrh^ Glxien despShds^ |Cl . rr^rrri— Gxcuntauf JiteFiel- Wawd batinuntrStaofltdu. KMn^<unmh^manjJ«iM^,)<Hs*<w. (■47&K525 an) �Frrus x smi * Dziye Mxgo *"Bog btixjasfawi Naemu -, podtlig \avtimu JAichada Caxima jvyfaniany przed v. 1553w ttvukseii tauundwiatie Mia. polskieyo tygmuntu dugtistu dla. -uxni/m mwelskugp. Who. fgdwdb t rue srdrrruL , zibeona. Wfa£no&\Pas^^ na Waweln w Itraiiorvic. Sapestey fiem the secies " 5he history of JfoaH ••:» (iod blesses Moah”. Designed byMchad Cdeieiz f ex&cuted tn, Brussels bdbw 1555 jov the Wcuwl Castle act the order of the IClny of ^^tnun£^ Augustus. Wool fsilhand.gilded ,siivertftrtad. aafisstru de th sene n£ 'Histmce de Jtoe '*-• "ZHeu. benit'^liye a Jn ccrfcon J^diad Coxien. f exiadxe cwant 1553 loour k Gfmnande du wide Polagne Stgisrwnd Ouguste ^°^n^d^v^'>{oah3 •aaH seanea ^S jwltusdutL vcn Michael Qmen,,auf Besielhuig august in. &rdsset wr 1553 ^^^isammlungen, am Wcuvel, Hraiiow. (604x4b7gn). �--------- 87 WF, Awisfiv, Zb.SxWd na WaweUt w Om^ to^esfQ/^wcu^ for a chaix* t wtft.ftowvr bowl,executed cifter fS53i/r Bmsseto <s^ order Me King of polatutSiste ~ numd tifagtisfas -f&r’i&e Wawel Castle, made of wool,siMt and gilcUd siitw thraKi, #3 (M C^Uecium,, mrn^t Castfe^ Ctwow (Poland ) J^pissene: cotxvcfture de chaise owe un, vase defleu&,&sdaMg; Cwmsgi o^tes 15S3 a GruxeUes suff conunande daroidepologne Stgls~ mond CUcgustepouv lechatxau^ cUxWa^d .£a£tie,soie etfit d.'arqenir' cwv^. pwypvMxdee: £e^ CoUectum^ d'GM Chdieaa Wawel, Craanne Cpologne) % BiUdxptndv C<Mas)^SessMedi3 m&Muste: Blumxn ntd^ yVa^eaufBestdlunq des polnischen K&ugs Sigismund OagtM in. &n^tnMh.i^ fua^bdttrundfif das yVavvei in. Ktxdww testimmt . VMle.Seide und vagolddeStlbet , Ri" » £^entum : ^taaMsche t^unsisamnduf^w, Schloss y\iawCL, liraKovv ( 60x65^; ' ■ ■-: ■:■■:■■ ’ ' ' \?v '- * '■' < f '-’* C. <■' ■ .. . - - i ■! �� Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Polish Room scrapbooks Description An account of the resource A collection of scrapbooks created by the Polish Committee from the 1940s through the present day. Materials included in the scrapbooks include photographs, correspondence, pamphlets, newspaper clippings, and other ephemera on the Polish Room at E.S. Farley Library and Polish-American contributions in the Wyoming Valley. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Polish Committee Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1940s through present day. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Arrasy Wawelskie Miniatury Description An account of the resource This book series, Arrasy Wawelskie Miniatury, features woven reproductions of the Jagiellonian Tapestries, a distinguished collection that the Jagiellonian kings commissioned in the 16th century. Artisans produced the original tapestries between 1526 and 1565. Although the collection originally numbered in the hundreds, only 136 pieces survive today, as centuries of conflict scattered or destroyed the remainder of the collection. Krakow produced these specific miniature volumes in 1969, displaying two distinct series from the original work: one illustrates a biblical story and the other portrays a mythological scene. While the exact date of donation remains unknown, a member of the Polish Room Committee likely donated them to the collection. In terms of the Polish Room, these books serve as a lasting tribute to the region's artistic heritage. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1969 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource PDF Type The nature or genre of the resource Books Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Donated by Ben Egenski, Wawel Castle in July 1969 https://omeka.wilkes.edu/omeka/files/original/cc99dabd44a438920590c5498d250732.pdf 101c21ab716c2c4648d2c175b80d447f PDF Text Text ���������������������������������������������������������������������������������� Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Polish Room scrapbooks Description An account of the resource A collection of scrapbooks created by the Polish Committee from the 1940s through the present day. Materials included in the scrapbooks include photographs, correspondence, pamphlets, newspaper clippings, and other ephemera on the Polish Room at E.S. Farley Library and Polish-American contributions in the Wyoming Valley. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Polish Committee Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1940s through present day. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource A list of Polish books in the Polish Room scrapbook Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Polish Committee Type The nature or genre of the resource Scrapbook Description An account of the resource A scrapbook of photographs, programs, correspondence, and other materials that document the Polish Room books and members. https://omeka.wilkes.edu/omeka/files/original/8ea58c856320c6c0de19d0a61efd8628.mp4 d62c71ef3c75fe3f88389e4a7d115b6e Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Wilkes College Football games, 1960s Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Film of Football Game between Wilkes College and PA Military College on November 4, 1967 Description An account of the resource Film of Wilkes College Football game against Pennsylvania Military College on November 4, 1967 Score: Wilkes - 27 PA Military College- 0 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1967 November 4 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Wilkes College Athletics Type The nature or genre of the resource Film https://omeka.wilkes.edu/omeka/files/original/fddb0ebb892cec4a52a52446caca0bd6.mp4 06275dbf7e801641998d052046e42a4b Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Wilkes College Football games, 1960s Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Film of Wilkes College Football Team against Drexel Institute on October 21, 1967. Description An account of the resource Film of Wilkes College Football Colonels against Drexel Institute on October 21, 1967. Score: Wilkes College: 13 Drexel Institute: 3 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1967 October 21 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Wilkes College Athletics Type The nature or genre of the resource Film https://omeka.wilkes.edu/omeka/files/original/d6a4b129bed875bc7a44a1d98c357036.mp4 cb7f6af8c5c126c0d01d7c10703b7cfd Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Wilkes College Football games, 1960s Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Film of Wilkes College Football game against Delaware Valley College on October 12, 1968. Description An account of the resource Wilkes College Football game against the Delaware Valley College on October 12, 1968. Score: Wilkes College : 31 Delaware Valley College- 3 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1968 October 12 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Wilkes College Athletics Type The nature or genre of the resource Film https://omeka.wilkes.edu/omeka/files/original/8628c633da9618f53c87ae191ab61af1.mp4 df59fa467676f2d79c3699ddd1fe92f0 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Wilkes College Football games, 1960s Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Film of Wilkes College Football game against Dickinson College on November 2, 1968. Description An account of the resource Football game footage of Wilkes College Colonels against Dickinson College on November 2, 1968. Score: Wilkes College: 28 Dickinson College: 0 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1968 November 2 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Wilkes College Athletics Type The nature or genre of the resource Film https://omeka.wilkes.edu/omeka/files/original/d5c504ccdfaa16d4d74707f869ac919a.mp4 918656e7c350935163a1e41eda8aefb2 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Wilkes College Football games, 1960s Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Film of Wilkes College football game against Haverford College on October 28, 1967. Description An account of the resource Wilkes College Football game footage against Haverford College on October 28, 1967. Score: Wilkes College - 69 Haverford College- 0 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1967 October 28 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Wilkes College Athletics Type The nature or genre of the resource Film