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                    <text>�THEN
AS
NOW

�THEN
AS
NOW

Exhibition Curated by

Ronald R. Bernier, Ph.D.
and Karen Evans Kaufer

Catalogue Essay by
Ronald R. Bernier, Ph.D.

E.S. FARLEY LIBRARY
WILKES UNIVERSITY
WILKES-BARRE, PA

2005 Dr. Roy E. Morgan Exhibition
March 20—May 22, 2005

Sordoni Art Gallery

Wilkes Universin’
Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania

�ACKNOWLEDGE.

V't has been a privilege and a pleasure to work v.ith the
I artists included in this exhibition and with their gallery
.JJ- representatives, including PPOW, Forum, Marlborough.
and Alexandre galleries in New York, Peter Miller Gallen’

in Chicago, and the Seven Bridges Foundation in Green­
wich, Connecticut, all of whom have given generouslv of

their time and expertise throughout this project. Its

richness would not have been achieved without their
efforts. This catalogue is dedicated to them.

This exhibition honors the late Dr. Rov E. Morgan.

C~. at St; -r. Assael. At Mother, 2001, oil, wood panel, canvas, and steel, 110 X 156 X 42 inches (detail),

. c:t.:Fa-rum Gallery. New York

, 2&lt;

Art Gallery, Wilkes University

5 St rd:

150 S.-adi River Street
Wilkes-Barre, Pa 18766
I&lt;leph ■ t.s - ~ h—408—4325

l ax 570-408—7733
sotHohl'a

••• t. &gt;:i •
Catalogue

J.: i : ■:

iikv~.edu

;

...... J By Oak Lane Printing Inc.

J'.’in Beck

jjr. A cl;,-- ic American face designed by Bruce Rogers

ISBN (1-942945-26-3

forme
longti

�ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

W' ■ has been a privilege and a pleasure to work with the
I artists included in this exhibition and with their gallery

former arts and drama critic for The Times Leader, and
longtime friend and supporter of the Sordoni Art Gallery.

JL .cpresenrarives. including PPOW, Forum. Marlborough,
and Alexandre galleries in New York. Peter Miller Gallery

March 2005

in Chicago. and the Seven Bridges Foundation in Green­

wich. v onnecticut, all of whom have given generously of

Ronald R. Bernier,Ph.D.

their rime and expertise throughout this project. Its

Director

richness would not have been achieved without their

erforts. This catalogue is dedicated to them.
This exhibition honors the late Dr. Roy E. Morgan,

Karen Evans Kaufer
Associate Director

110 x 156 X 42 inc.'.-.cetcd

I hen as A\nv

/

5

�G? fcaiuwni into the future so that yourface is lit up by the past.

—Odd Nerdrum
aving survived the formalist reductions of

point being that all cultural production is conditioned by

Modernism and the theoretical acrobatics of tinle

the past. Yet for the artists considered here, it is neither

Postmodern, painting is once again at ease in

modish appropriation nor reactionary surrender to picto­

the company of the Real, that is to say, it is once again

rial illusion and its easy narrativity, but rather a deliberate

prompted by optical experience and pictorial illusion, once

and skilled simulation of craft, a mastering of past paint­

again distinguished by observational skill, technical mas­

ing styles and practices which requires a more thoughtful

tery, and recognizable subject matter.1 But it is a different

relationship—visual and intellectual, on the part of both

and edgy sort of Real; it both is and is not a re-presenta­

artist and beholder—with that past. Integrating past into

tion of reality. There is recognition, but it is extended well

present is complex; it involves any number of psychological

beyond likeness. In some instances, as is the case in this

and epistemological processes and negotiations, including

exhibition, recent painting has deliberately positioned

nostalgia and memory, authenticity and authorin'—and

itself—self-consciously and self-critically—within the

the always troublesome issues of 'influence,’ ‘priority,’ and

genealogy of its own tradition, appropriating, reframing,

'originality.' How might contemporary' art, we are prompted

and recasting Old Master forms, figures, and styles in a

to ask, in its active intervention in, and manipulation of,

visual and intellectual dialogue with Art History, mixing

the material of the past, complicate the idea of precedent

historical allusion with contemporary self-awareness. As

as origin? To put it another way: Is meaning transferred

one critic has recently put it: "It brings together the

from original to quotation, or do Art's meanings necessar­

spirituality and humanism of the Old Masters and the

ily shift over History’s spatial, temporal, and conceptual

innovation and criticality of the Modern Masters. It is a

distance? Literary theorist Harold Bloom addressed this

New Old Master art.”2

issue for poets with his notion of the ‘anxiety of influence,’

Of course, at some level, all works of art are about

wherein a new poetic style, he argued, may be achieved

art. Visual culture, particularly in the appropriation mania

"that captures and oddly retains priority over their precur­

of the 1980s, was blatant in its pilfered references from the

sors, so that the tyranny of time is almost overturned.”4

past, its ironic parody and clever pastiche. As Tom McEvilly

What I wish to argue, at least with regard to the images

succinctly announced in 1992: "In the beginning was the

assembled here, is that certain forms of expression mat­

Word—and since then there’s been quotation. ’3 The act

appeal to the past, while not entirely submitting to it.

of quotation, on this view, was thought to affect a critique

These images are neither purely nostalgic tor nor wholly

of the Modernist cult of originality and authority, the

critical of the past. Rather, at issue is a productive collision

Then .is Mw

/

7

�between, as Walter Benjamin put it, the Now and the Then:

“It isn’t that the past casts its light on the present or the

present casts its light on the past: rather, an image is that in
which the Then and the Now come into a constellation
like a flash of lightning.”'' What exactly, then, is conceived
in this intimate coupling of Then and Now, past and

present? This is what this exhibition seeks to explore.
The term ‘neo-pre-Modernism’*’ might best describe
the strategy of simulation at work in the painting of
Swedish-born, classically-trained artist Odd Nerdrum,

whose seemingly retrograde figuration and painterliness—
and, as one critic put it in 1964, his "old masterly
_
_________
gravy
—
earned him the reprobation of his instructors

subordinated to Reason. For Nerdrum, science and

ern-day ascetics.12 “Light,” Assael explai ■

humanism are profoundly at odds; thus nature, and

about it. It reveals and at die same time nc ..-n

consequently the body, tangible and physically present,

where it comes from or where it goes.. . . 1’eopL thought

pulsating flesh and blood, are seen as the antithesis of

of light as having a mystical quality because it Llowed

reason. What we see consistently in Nerdrums work,

them to see something more clearly.... So light was

metaphorized in color and texture, are bodies and other

glass.1 It L
v holly imagin

of optical obs

Sharon E

associated with truth, and truth was something that was

natural substances, consisting of mass and weight, sensu­

allegorical pai

revealed.”13 As in the chiaro-scuroed images of the past he

ally plausible and convincingly portrayed—“a mix of

archaeological

simulates, the oscillation of light and dark structures a

academic pair

profound emotional and psychological meaning, catching

Samt Lucy, p;

the ambiguities of the defiant and impenetrable strength

excrement, blood and flesh,” as the painter himself put

it.10
1

Unlike Nerdrum, with his visionary and primeval
allegories, Steven Assael arranges contemporary figures in

of these costumed tou;ighs anti their vulnerability and desire

holding a plai
gouged out it

urban settings, bur in a sensibility informed by Old

for identity and recognition.

here on a logs

Masters, calling to

mind the religious altarpieces of the

Brett Bigbee, classically trained at the Pennsylvania

medieval tow&gt;
of the Tempi

and fellow students at the Art Academy of Oslo. The critic

Gothic, Renaissance, and Baroquile eras. At Mother (2001) is

is referring to Nerdrums reframing of the forms, colors,

a colossal triptych attached to a sculpted platform with

Academy of Fine Arts, an institution with a notable legacy
of American Realism reaching back to Thomas Eakins,

surfaces, and substances of Rembrandt, and the glowing,

moving doors that open and close. When open, the door

adopts a much subtler and more distilled approach to Old

almost religious tenebrism and portentous subject matter

panels feature the arrangement of five figures emerging

Master traditions. Bigbee’s laconic domestic idylls and

into one sing

of that seventeenth-century Dutch Master. The painter

into a miraculous golden light, which takes on an uncanny

tender images of his own family recall the linearity, geom­

of the paintii

explained his choice of artistic ideals: “I have always found

resemblance to a classical pieta, lived in the present but

etry, frontalitv, and quiet stillness of an iconic Piero della

which we car

Rembrandts world more humane than Picassos. . . . The

belonging to the dead past. The panels surrounding the

lifespan of a work of art is proportional to its human

doors feature two outside figures that confront the viewer

Francesca Madonna, the pervasive and all-over brilliance of
colored light in Netherlandish painting, and a recasting of

of the painti
otherwise

directly with a look that recalls the sacra conversazione (holy

Botticellis allegorical Venuses, as in the portrait of his

content. ‘ But as Donald Kuspit has effectively argued

in which saints from different epochs are joined in a

works a traditional method of painting, tirelessly building

more ambitii

unified space and seem to be conversing either with each

up layers of colors, glazes, and carefully wrought detail,

tradition of

other or with the audience. “The mighty dead return,” as

producing visual illusions with an eloquence that evokes a

in its subject

Harold Bloom might have put it, "but they return in our

heightened reality verging on the hallucinatory. Bravura

action and n

colors, and speaking in our voices.”11

brushstroke is gone. Everything in this picture is finer,

themes of s&lt;

smoother, more orderly than the real world of Nerdrum’s

works withii

contemporary underground world of ‘Goths,’ pierced,

“excrement, blood, and flesh.” Bodies arc without struc­

signed to be

tattooed, and leathered, characters with a visceral edge, but

ture. the rendering of the surface of the skin reveals no

drawing fro:

underlying skeleton: that skin is smooth, there are no

evocative an

wrinkles, blemishes, or even sharp shadows. Even the walls

common an

of the interior space are perfectly smooth—no molding is

dane of sub

nostalgia ... but a way of aging the present, making clear

that it is born with a patina, that it is time-bound—bound
'Neo-pre-Modernism’ describes a kind of reaction

ism, in painting which, like Nerdrums, seeks to restore the
spirituality of a pre-Modern utopia with renewed empha­

sis on ritual, myth, nature, and significant human values.
The artist positions his archetypal narratives, as in White

Heriuaphrcdite of 1992—96, as a defense against a loss of

beaut}- in the contemporary world, where Nature is
8/1 Im as Now

While s

tics of Bigbc

conversation) altarpieces of the early Italian Renaissance,

against the formalist and rationalist authority of Modern­

zon, the God

wife, Ann with Plant (1990—91). Bigbee painstakingly re­

about Nerdrum’s use of the past, his “"traditionalism
traditionalism is not

by time from the beginning of its appearance.”9

uted to Bram

And indeed Assael’s dramatis personae are from the

which—bathed in the glow of an ethereal light that sets up
a tension between the tangible and the spiritual—betrays

the artist’s own empathy and compassion for these mod-

�nated to Reason. For Nerdrum, science and

ern-day ascetics. “ Light, Assad explains, has a mystery

chipped or warped, there is no distortion in the window

about it. It reveals and at rhe same time no one knows

tently the bod)’, tangible and physically present,

glass.14 It is an ideal, a construct—neither wholly real nor

where it comes from or where it goes. . . . People thought

!g flesh and blood, are seen as the antithesis of

wholly imaginary—far from the supposed ‘realist’ interests

of light as having a mystical quality because it allowed

What we see consistently in Nerdrum's work,

of optical observation and transcriptive accuracy.

them to see something more clearly. ... So light was

orized in color and texture, are bodies and other

associated with truth, and truth was something that was

sm are profoundly at odds; thus nature, and

Sharon Bowar makes similar reference to the religiousallegorical painting of the Italian Renaissance, and to the

substances, consisting of mass and weight, sensu-

revealed.

jsible and convincingly portrayed—“a mix of

simulates, the oscillation of light and dark structures a

academic painter Alma-Tadema, in her Santa Lucia (2003).

nt, blood and flesh,” as the painter himself put it.10

profound emotional and psychological meaning, catching

Saint Lucy, patron saint of rhe blind, typically shown

like Nerdrum, with his visionary and primeval

the ambiguities of the defiant and impenetrable strength

;s, Steven Assael arranges contemporary figures in

of these costumed tou;ighs anti their vulnerability and desire

holding a platter that supports and presents a pair of eyes
gouged out in martyrdom (witness to her faith), stands

strings, but in a sensibility informed by Old

for identity and recognition.

here on a loggia overlooking a composite view of Todi, a

, calling to mind the religious altarpieces of the
Renaissance, and Baroque eras. At Mother (2001) is

As in the chiaro-scuroed images of the past he

Brett Bigbee, classically trained at the Pennsylvania

archaeologically-detailed mis-en-scenes of nineteenth-century

medieval town in Umbria, featuring the architectural sites
of the Temple of Santa Maria della Consolazione (attrib­

al triptych attached to a sculpted platform with

Academy of Fine Arts, an institution with a notable legacy
of American Realism reaching back to Thomas Eakins,

doors that open and close. When open, the door

adopts a much subtler and more distilled approach to Old

mature the arrangement of five figures emerging

Master traditions. Bigbee’s laconic domestic idylls and

into one single imagined view. The saint holds at the center

liraculous golden light, which takes on an uncanny

tender images of his own family recall the linearity, geom­

of the painting, not a platter but a vase of grape leaves in

mce to a classical pieta. lived in the present but

etry, frontality, and quiet stillness of an iconic Piero della

which we can just make out the artist’s own eyes gazing out

ig to the dead past. The panels surrounding the

Francesca Madonna, the pervasive and all-over brilliance of

of the painting, the only site/sight of color detail in the

ature two outside figures that confront the viewer

colored light in Netherlandish painting, and a recasting of

otherwise monochromatic (colorblind) canvas.15

with a look that recalls the sacra conversazione (holy

Botticelli’s allegorical Venuses, as in the portrait of his

tion) altarpieces of the early Italian Renaissance,

wife, Ann with Plant (1990—91}. Bigbee painstakingly re­

tics of Bigbec and Bowar, the paintings of Bo Bartlett are

uted to Bramante) and, ar the highest point on the hori­
zon, the Gothic church of Santa Fortunato, combined here

While sharing in some of the same formal characteris­

saints from different epochs are joined in a

works a traditional method of painting, tirelessly building

more ambitiously narrative in scope, grounded in the

pace and seem to be conversing either with each

up layers of colors, glazes, and carefully wrought detail,

tradition of Grand Manner history painting, painting that

with the audience. “The might)’ dead return, as

producing visual illusions with an eloquence that evokes a

in its subject matter typically depicts serious or exemplary

heightened reality verging on the hallucinatory. Bravura

action and references the staged configurations and epic

brushstroke is gone. Everything in this picture is finer,

themes of scripture, mythology, and literature. Like the

Moom might have put it, "but they return in our

nd speaking in our voices.”11

I indeed Assael’s dramatis personae are from the
orary underground world of ‘Goths,’ pierced,

and leathered, characters with a visceral edge, but
bathed in the glow of an ethereal light that sets up

between the tangible and the spiritual—betrays

:'s own empathy and compassion for these mod-

smoother, more orderly than the real world of Nerdrums

works within that tradition, Bartlett’s paintings are de­

“excrement, blood, and flesh.” Bodies are without struc­

signed to be about ennobling human experience, while

ture, the rendering of the surface of the skin reveals no

drawing from the material of everyday life. They are

underlying skeleton; that skin is smooth, there arc no

evocative and distinctly contemporary combinations of the

wrinkles, blemishes, or even sharp shadows. Even the walls

common and the symbolic, imbuing even the most mun­

of the interior space are perfectly smooth—no molding is

dane of subjects with a feeling of immense, often spiritual

Then as Now

/

9

�significance—the divine in the human, the infinite in the
finite. Here in Golden Boy (2003) a young, innocent,
preadolescent male child, viewed from below, stands

rocket ship, a leitmotif to symbolize the anxiety and

inevitability of transport to the unknown, a reminder of
in

the transience of the here and now, and so a kind of

of Dotty Attie. In the Atelier of ’ ‘ /

fifty-seven panels, each six inches squaw.

Romani

fragments, and takes its name from nineteenth-centurv

abandoi

obvious christological reference—suspended miraculously

twenty-first-century vanitas. Amid the pageantry and

French academic painter Henri Fantin-Latour’s &lt;1 Studio in

schmaltz of mythical zebras, performing seals, and the

more di

on the water’s surface, arms extended in cruciform gesture,

the Batignolles Quarter (1870), a painting that famously

graphs,

a faint glow of ethereal light encircling halohke around his

flora and fauna of Oz, is the ever-present reminder of

immortalized Fantin-Latour’s circle of avant-garde friends

human

golden hair. The mortal child—shaman, profit, vision­

fragility and impending mortality—as the series of eleven

and colleagues, including Monet, Renoir, and Bazille,

each or

ary—gazes directly but nonconfrontationally out of die

unfolds, we count down from ten to blastoff. Sharing some

depicted gathered round their seated colleague, Manet,

(itself :

canvas to engage the viewer as precious hero-saint bathed

of the sentiment of Odd Nerdrum, Woodruff himself

who, brush in hand, is himself poised in front of a canvas

suf fern

in the light of redemptive revelation. As Suzi Gablik has

explains: "For me, one of the most important issues facing

to paint, wc assume, this august male assembly.19 Replicat­

medica

aptly observed: “The recalling and setting up of sacred

my generation of artists is learning how to feel again—to

ing Fantin-Latour’s painted patriarchy in miniature (in the

megalh

signs is the even more urgent task of an artist in times

reconnect the heart with the head. The modernist disloca­

four panels ar upper left), Attie has extracted and displaced

larged

estranged from symbol and sacrament. . . . Before art can

tion has made the visual arts suspect and appear elitist.

quoted details from a number of other paintings from the

Syndre

be successfully remythologized, wc must, as a society,

The experience of looking has been deadened. Artists have

past and sutured them together, reassembled as fragments

sciousi

suspend our unbelief.”16

confronted every cultural taboo in our society but still

and interspersed with bits of text that form a narrative of

‘unreal

seem to be fearful of sentiment.'48

her own invention, one with convoluted plot, implied

is we v

malevolence, and, confirmed in the culminating grouping

incide

several

Suspend belief itself is what is required by the alle­
gorical realism of Julie Heffernan and Thomas Woodruff.

Also drawing on symbol, allegory, and imagination.

In Woodruff s painting fantasy, magic, and operatic

Julie Heffernan’s fantasy-fuelled, lavishly rhetorical

of panels at lower right, male violence against women. As

complexity take over, replete with homespun iconography

canvases address individual identity, and more specifically,

wc read/view, there is an unsettling feeling of scanty and

and a veritable lexicon of symbols and hermetic codes, all

femininity and its performance in the canon of Western

missing detail, like a crime scene to be forensically stitched

Old h

in a sentimental illustrative style. As one writer tells us:

art history. In her ornate Baroque interiors the artifice of

together in the voyeuristic imagination. Moreover, the

tenor

“When one tries to source Woodruff's stylistic choices and

Culture is often intruded upon by Nature (swirling birds),

combination of word and image activates a tension be­

sion-c

iconography, things get complicated. Victoriana or thrift

as in Self-Portrait as Heavenly Body (2002), where the altered

tween the artist’s present role as a contemporary artist in

hardb

store painting surrealism? French academic painting or

female figure, delectably nude, is depicted as a nvmph

her own social world and her place within the heritage of a

nist—

heavy metal album cover? Valentine or operatic tableaux?”1

among goddesses cavorting in a frescoed ceiling; she is

male-dominated art system. In the difference between the

open-

The point here is that little is to be gained in the parsing

presented, like painting itself, or like an objet d'art, as

available modalities of attending—viewing and reading—a

tively

of visual sources; it is a whimsical melange, a personalized

aesthetic beauty, something for collection, display, and

distance is set up between Then and Now, original and

of tir

polyglot Babel, that derives from both high and popular

pleasure. The viewer, his possessive gaze, however, is

copy, past and present, Old Masters mediated through a

menu

culture with more than a few concessions to over-the-top

L

dislocated, put off balance by being made to assume the

layer of present (female) voice, the text itself alluding to

line, i

camp and kitschy moral allegory. Mission Poesy (the Diviner) is

unnatural and disorienting view up. While pastiching a

‘Fors

one installment in a series of eleven gothic-peaked can­

language redolent of past visual traditions, Heffernan

the silencing work of violence against woman.
The net of borrowed references is cast even wider by

vases—a nod to traditional history painting—collectively

shifts the vocabulary away from its historically male bias

Vincent Desiderio, former student with Bo Bartlett and

a shu

titled All Systems Co. In each canvas, amidst the carnival of
creatures, costumes, and colors, Woodruff has placed a

10

/

Then as Now

towards an idiosyncratic and insistently female voice.
In this there is shared motivation informing the work

print

Brett Bigbee at the Pennsylvania Academy of Fine Art,
where he now teaches. His Contemplative Distance (2002),

path'

�ip, a leitmotif to symbolize the anxiety and
irv of transport to the unknown, a reminder of

of Dotty* Attie. In the Atelier of 1990—91, composed of

while making oblique reference to rhe nineteenth-century*

fifty-seven panels, each six inches square, reproduces in

Romantic era's fascination with the irregular and the

ence of the here and now, and so a kind of

fragments, and takes its name from nineteenth-century

rst-century vanitas. Amid the pageantry* and

abandoned in Theodore Gericault’s portraits of the insane,

French academic painter Henri Fantin-Latours A Studio in

of mythical zebras, performing seals, and the

more directly borrows from medical textbook photo­

the Bationdies Quarter (1870), a painting that famously*

fauna of Oz. is the ever-present reminder of

graphs, more modern forms of categorizing and labeling

immortalized Fantin-Latours circle of avant-garde friends

nd impending mortality—as the series of eleven

human experience. In the triptych two male figures face

and colleagues, including Monet, Renoir, and Bazille,

each other either side of a blurred digitized photograph

ve count down from ten to blastoff. Sharing some

depicted gathered round their seated colleague, Manet,

(itself replicated), documentary images of individuals

itiment of Odd Nerdrum. Woodruff himself

who. brush in hand, is himself poised in front of a canvas

suffering from incurable—and visibly distinguishing—

Tor me. one of the most important issues facing

to paint, we assume, this august male assembly.19 Replicat­

medical disorders: on the left, a man afflicted with acro-

ition of artists is learning how to feel again—to

ing Fantm-Latour’s painted patriarchy’ in miniature (in the

the heart with the head. The modernist disloca-

four panels at upper left), Attie has extracted and displaced

megally (a pituitary* disorder manifest in irregularly enlarged hands, feet, and face), and on the right, Down’s

rade the visual arts suspect and appear elitist,

quoted details from a number of other paintings from the

Syndrome. They are human beings trapped in an uncon­

fence of looking has been deadened. Artists have

past and sutured them together, reassembled as fragments

sciousness of their own 'irregular’ reality. Or perhaps their

J even* cultural taboo in our society but still

and interspersed with bits of text that form a narrative of

‘unreality’ signals for the artist a deeper reality, one to which it

: fearful of sentiment.'"'

her own invention, one with convoluted plot, implied

is we who remain unconscious, without access. It is not

drawing on symbol, allegory, and imagination,

malevolence, and, confirmed m the culminating grouping

incidental here that the artist’s own son, who appears in

eman's fantasv-fuelled. lavishly rhetorical

of panels at lower right, male violence against women. As

several canvases, himself suffers from a physical disability*.

Idress individual identity, and more specifically,

we read/view, there is an unsettling feeling of scanty* and

and its performance in the canon of Western

missing detail, like a crime scene to be forensically stitched

Old Master painting that is borrowed but the reverberating

. In her ornate Baroque interiors the artifice of

together in the voyeuristic imagination. Moreover, rhe

tenor and fateful ambiance of 1940s film noir and Depres­

often intruded upon by Nature (swirling birds),

combination of word and image activates a tension be­

sion-era pulp fiction, in which the recurring presence of its

irtrait as Heavenly Body '2002 ), where the altered

hardboiled, square-jawed, fedoraed masculine protago­

ire, delectably nude, is depicted as a nymph

tween the artists present role as a contemporary artist in
her own social world and her place within the heritage of a

Idesses cavorting in a frescoed ceiling; she is

male-dominated art system. In the difference between the

open-ended drama. In a group of four paintings collec­

like painting itself, or like an objet d’art, as

available modalities of attending—viewing and reading—a

tively* titled Reader Series, Flanagan invokes the archaeology*

eauty, something for collection, display, and

distance is set up between Then and Now, original and

of time and place and an overall atmosphere thick with

copy, past and present, Old Masters mediated through a

memory* and mood. Over images of antiquated railroad

put off balance by being made to assume the

layer of present (female) voice, the text itself alluding to

line, industrial landscape, and library-archive, the words

nd disorienting view up. While pastiching a

the silencing work of violence against woman.
The net of borrowed references is cast even wider by*

‘Forsaken,’ ‘Forbidden,’ ‘Forgiven,' and ‘Forgotten’ are

Vincent Desiderio, former student with Bo Bartlett and

a shudder of anxiety.20

he viewer, his possessive gaze, however, is

dolent of past visual traditions, Heffernan

ocabulary away from its historically7 male bias
idiosyncratic and insistently* female voice,
there is shared motivation informing the work

Brett Bigbee at the Pennsylvania Academy of Fine Art,
where he now teaches. His Contemplative Distance (2002),

Likewise in Michael Flanagan’s work it is not so much

nist—villain or hero—lends an unspecified, allusive and

printed, charging the series with association, metaphor, and

Old Master tradition, sacred myth, and now modern
pathology* and film noir are the sources that collectively

Then as xVow

II

�inform the works in this exhibition. The real and the

dicament of the postmodern artist: all the art of the past

imagined, the present and the past all have equal weight. In

is available to feast on, but to feast on everything is to

a recent interview with Suzie Gablik, Bo Bartlett has stated.

produce nothing of one’s own.”25 The issue is framed

“I guess I pick and choose from a lot of different artists;

perhaps more optimistically (for poets) by Harold Bloom:

Contemporary Art, Kemper Museum of Contci:;;’

1996, p. 8.

4. Harold Bloom, The Anxiety of Influent-,--A •

Clr;

: \ .

York and Oxford, 1973, p. 141.

5. Walter Benjamin, “N [Re The Theory of Kn

19. Fa
own earlie: .

it’s a bit like ! making] a quilt, where you pull from all these

"The precursors flood us, and our imaginations can die by

different sources. You learn from looking at the things you

drowning in them, but no imaginative life is possible if

like, and vou draw from all of them. But it isnt a contrived

such inundation is wholly evaded. ~( And this, perhaps, is

Negotiating Rapture, ed. Richard Francis, Museum of Contemporary

postmodern approach, or anything like that.”21 In similar

one conclusion that may be drawn from this exhibition,

Art, Chicago, 1996, pp. 52—53.

tone and approach to the past, Steven Assael remarks: I

that innovation or authenticity in art may indeed result

6. Thomas McEvilley. 1992, p. 136.

denying its

think it’s more interesting to think of art history with

from a thorough knowledge and skillful working of past

7. Jan Ake Pcttcrsson, Odd Nerdrum: Storyteller and Self-Revealer,

sized, yet ar

everything existing at the same time, everything exists co-

practices, something beyond irony that provides an occa­

equally.”22 But it is Vincent Desiderio who has perhaps

sion for thought, speculation, and insight. There is a

most succinctly characterized our postmodern era’s com­

certain compelling honesty about each of the works on

Theory of Progress],” quoted in Georges Didi-Hubermans “The

depicts Fant

Supposition of the Aura: The Now. The Then, and Modernity,” in

among othc

Astrup Fearnley Musset for Moderne Kunst, 1998, p. 22.

8. Ibid., p. 23.
9. Donald Kuspit, “Odd Nerdrum: The Aging of the
Immediate,” ARTS Magazine, September 1984, pp. 122—123.

pulsive consumption of images as “cultural bulimia.”23

view here, a perceptual and emotional richness and inti­

10. Pcrtersson, p. 102.

Faced with an embarrassment of riches in art informa­

macy they all share, that betrays a healthy skepticism about

IE Bloom, p. 141.

12. Never working from photographs, Assael requires long

tion—stvles, formal idioms, techniques, and motifs—what

slavish imitation and offers a collective affirmation of

is one to paint? How is it even possible to create something

painting’s adequacy to lived experience and its willingness

new. something distinctly relevant to one’s own time? These

to face the force of what it means to be human in the

seem to be the questions about an ’anxiety of influence’

twenty-first century. In an era defined by parody, spectacle,

posed in the monumental image by California artist,

the vulgar, and the banal, a new perspective emerges on

Christian Vincent, Field of Frames (2001). Here the artist-

what one of our artists called "the human content,”2' that

as-architect, sketchbook in hand, surveys a panoramic

uncertain place of the ethical, the contemplative—and

landscape empty of all but discarded frames, art’s skeleton,

even the beautiful—in contemporary art.

periods of human contact with his sitters.

13. “Steven Assael: Revealing Light,” The World &amp; I, August
1999, p. 124.
14. See Ken Greenleaf Maine Sunday Telegram, January' 9, 1994, p. 4E.
15. Bowar’s canvas is replete with borrowed fragments,

20. T
vaguely Ger

continues 11

December
21. B

with Bo Ba

Art, Colun
22. "

Intcrnatior

23. 1
Course,” b
24. I

Recent Paint
25.

including rhe replication of a sculpted terrace wall (itself a replica­

but the im

tion) surrounding one of the gardens on the estate of Hearst Castle

reference i

in San Simeon, California; Islamic geometric floor tiles, derived from

(I993-2C

fifteenth-century wall mosaics from Cairo, the design itself borrowed

flooded »

its bones ravenously picked over. He scans the horizon

and copied in pattern books by a French nineteenth-century collector;

to reprod

searching for an idea with originality, something that he

and perhaps most recognizably, a replication of Caravaggio’s painting

Western :

Basket of Fruit of 1598.

Land of C&lt;

can convey that will be new, to which he can give his stamp

NOTES

16. Suzi Gablik, in Bo Bartlett, exhibition catalogue, PPOW

of authenticity'. As one writer puts it: “Images have been

created an infinite number of times, but he must create

1. This exhibition began as a paper entitled “Aging the

new ones. He needs to decide if he must reject the conven­

Present: Contemporary Realism and the History of Art” which I

tional language of the past, referenced by the antique

delivered at the annual conference of the Association of Art Histori­

frames, in order to go forward.”24

ans (UK) m 2004 at the University of Nottingham.

Critic and historian Donald Kuspit has aptly charac­
terized the situation facing the group of artists presented
by this exhibition, arguing that painting "states the pre-

12

/

Then as Now

2. Donald Kuspit, The End of Art, Cambridge Uniuversity Press,
2004, pp. 182-183.

3. Thomas McEvilly, Art &amp; Otherness: Crisis in Cultural Identity
(1992), quoted in Barbara). Bocmink, Ph.D., Reality Bites: Realism in

NY, 1998, n.p.
17. Bill Arning, “Admitting Sentimentality, ” Nosegays and Knuckle

plenty.’
26.
27.

�osnnodern artist: all the art of the past

Contemporaiy Art, Kemper Museum of Contemporary Art &amp; Design,

: on, bur to feast on everything is ro

1996, p. 8.

f one’s own."2''1 The issue is framed

4. Harold Bloom, The Anxiety of Influence: /I Theory of Poetry, New
York and Oxford, 1973, p. 141.

tnistically (for poets) by Harold Bloom:

ood us, and our imaginations can die by

but no imaginative life is possible if
wholly evaded.”26 -And this, perhaps, is
t may be drawn from this exhibition,

5. Walter Benjamin, “N [Re The Theory of Knowledge,

Sandwiches: Works by Thomas Woodruff, Atlanta College of Art Gallery and
City Gallery at Chastain, Atlanta, 1997, p. 13.

18. Ibid., p. 12.
19. Fantin-Latour himself recalls in this canvas of 1870 his
own earlier Homage to Delacroix (Musee d’Orsay, Paris, 1864), which

Theory- of Progress],” quoted in Georges Didi-Hubermans “The

depicts Fantin-Latour himself with Baudelaire, Manet, and Whistler,

Supposition of the Aura: The Now, The Then, and Modernity,” in

among others, gathered round a portrait of Delacroix.

Negotiating Rapture, ed. Richard Francis, Museum of Contemporary

Art, Chicago, 1996, pp. 52—53.

20. The artist explains: "Each is emblazoned with a ponderous,

vaguely Germanic adjective which partly ‘explains’ the picture, while

authenticity in art may indeed result

6. Thomas McEvillcy, 1992, p. 136.

denying its depth and perspective. The flat surface is thus empha­

lowledge and skillful working of past

7. Jan Ake Pettersson, Odd Nerdrum: Storyteller and Self-Revealer,

sized, yet around and behind it, the old three-dimensional illusion

g bevond irony that provides an occaicculation. and insight. There is a

honesty about each of the works on

Astrup Fearnley Musset for Moderne Kunst, 1998, p. 22.

8. Ibid., p. 23.
9. Donald Kuspit, “Odd Nerdrum: The Aging of the

Immediate.” ARTS Magazine, September 1984. pp. 122—123.

ual and emotional richness and inti­

10. Pettersson, p. 102.

that betrays a healthy skepticism about

11. Bloom, p. 141.

1 offers a collective affirmation of

12. Never working from photographs, Assacl requires long

to lived experience and its willingness

what it means to be human in the
In an era defined by parody, spectacle,

'anal, a new perspective emerges on

periods of human contact with his sitters.

13. “Steven Assael: Revealing Light,” The World &amp; I, August
1999, p. 124.
14. See Ken Greenleaf, Maine Sunday Telegram, January 9, 1994, p. 4E.

15. Bowars canvas is replete with borrowed fragments,

continues happily to assert itself.” Communication with the artist,
December I, 2004.

21. Bo Bartlett, quoted in “Painting the World: A Conversation
with Bo Bartlett,” Suzi Gablik, Bo Bartlett, The Columbus Museum of
Art, Columbus, GA, 2002, p. 33.
22. "Painting, the Fullness of Experience,” The Art Newspaper,

International Edition, November 2002, p. I.

23. Vincent Desidcrio, quoted in “A 10-Year Long Art History
Course,” Mia Fineman, New York Times, February' I, 2004, p. 34.
24. Robert Fishko, in exhibition catalogue, Christian Vincent:

Recent Paintings, Forum Gallery, NY, 2001, n.p.
25. Here Kuspit is speaking specifically of Vincent Desiderio,
but the implications, I think, are broader. Kuspit’s more direct

sts called ‘‘the human content,”2, that

including the replication of a sculpted terrace wall (itself a replica­

le ethical, the contemplative—and

tion) surrounding one of the gardens on the estate of Hearst Castle

reference is to Desiderio’s monumental canvas entitled Cockaigne

in San Simeon, California; Islamic geometric floor tiles, derived from

(1993-2003), which depicts a vertiginous view of an interior

fifteenth-century wall mosaics from Cairo, the design itself borrowed

flooded with light and with art books scattered on the floor and open

in contemporary art.

i began as a paper entitled “Aging the
lealism and the History of Art” which I

and copied in pattern books by a French nineteenth-century collector;

to reproductions of paintings that encompass six centuries of

and perhaps most recognizably, a replication of Caravaggio s painting

Western art history. The painting’s title derives from Pieter Breughel’s

Basket of Fruit of 1598.
16. Suzi Gablik, in Bo Bartlett, exhibition catalogue, PPOW

Land of Cockaigne (1567), a cautionary moralizing tale of the ‘land of

NY, 1998, n.p.

17. Bill Arning, “Admitting Sentimemitality,” Nosegays and Knuckle

plenty.’
26. Bloom, p. 154.

27. See note 7.

inference of the Association of Art HistoriUniversity of Nottingham.

The End of Art, Cambridge University Press,
Uy, Art &amp; Otherness: Crisis in Cultural Identity

i J. Boemink, Ph.D., Reality Bites: Realism in

Then as Now

/

13

�Odd Nerdrum, White Hermaphrodite, 1992—96, oil on canvas, 80'4 X 83 inches,
Courtesy Forum Gallery, New York

��I

Steven Assael, At Mother, 2001, oil, wood panel, canvas, and steel, 110 X 156 X 42 inches,
Courtesy Forum Gallery, New York

��&lt; 1

■ J. Ji \! -il-. r. 2001, oil. wood panel, canvas, and steel, 110 X 156 x 42 inches detail.
. 1 •! ini &lt; Killen, New York

�and&gt;!nj, !!H&gt;. »5(--

: ,L

�I

I
Brett Bigbee, Ann with Plant, 1990—91, oil on canvas, 53 X 42 inches,
Seven Bridges Foundation, Greenwich, Connecticut; photo courtesy Alexandre Gallery, New York

�A

42 inches,

&gt; courtesy Alexandre Gallery', New York

�����Thomas Woodruff, All Systems Co: Mission Poesy (Diviner), 1999, acrylic
on shaped canvas, 108 x 90 inches,
Courtesy PPOW, New York

�acrylic on shaped canvas, 108 X 90 inches,

�Julie Heffernan, Self-Portrait as Heavenly Body, 2003, oil on canvas, 68 X 54 inches
Courtesy of the artist, Peter Miller Gallery, Chicago, and PPOW, New York

ii

I
1

■.

i i I

■

��Dotty Attic, In the Atelier, 1990-91, oil on linen, 5814 X 71 inches, 57 panels, each 6x6 inches,
Courtesy PPOW, New York

��Hi '

F

Vincent Desiderio, Contemplative Distance, 2002, oil
on wood, 11 X 2554 inches,
Courtesy Marlborough Gallery, New York

�&lt; 25% inches,

�i1 ! ’

ill

Michael Flanagan, Reader Series Jorbi.IJniX 2002, oil and acrylic on board. 24
Courtesy PPOW, New York

32 ..-.cr.os.

�acrylic on board, 24 x 32 inches,

�Christian Vincent, Field of Frames, 2001, oil on canvas, 84 X 110 inches,

Courtesy Forum Gallery, New York

��EXHIBITION CHECKLIST
Dimensions are given in inches, height precedes width.

Steven Assael
.ft Mother, 2001
oil, wood panel, canvas and steel

110 x 156 x 42

Michael Flanagan
Reader Series, 2002
oil and acrylic on board, each 24 x 32
Courtesy PPOW New York

Courtesy Forum Gallery, New York

Julie Heffernan
Dotty Attie
In the Atelier, 1990—91

oil on linen, 5814 X 71
57 panels, each 6x6

Self-Portrait as Heavenly Body, 2003
oil on canvas, 68 x 54
Courtesy of the artist, Peter Miller Gallery, Chicago, and
PPOW, New York

Courtesy PPOW New York
Bo Bartlett
Golden Boy, 2002
oil on linen, 83% X 57

Odd Nerdrum
White Hermaphrodite, 1992—96
oil on canvas, 80/4 x 83
Courtesy Forum Gallery, New York

Courtesy PPOW, New York

Brett Bigbee
Ann with Plant, 1990—91

oil on canvas, 53 x 42
Seven Bridges Foundation, Greenwich,

Christian Vincent
Field of Frames, 2001
oil on canvas, 84 X 110
Courtesy Forum Gallery, New York

Connecticut

Thomas Woodruff

Sharon Bowar

All Systems Go: Mission Poesy (Diviner), 1999
acrylic on shaped canvas, 108 X 90

Santa Lucia, 2003

Courtesy PPOW, New York

oil on canvas, 48 X 40
Courtesy of the artist

Vincent Desiderio
Contemplative Distance, 2002

oil on wood, 1 I X 25%
Courtesy Marlborough Gallery, New York
Z'/v.’i us Xew

39

�EXH1R1 DON UNDERWR11'ERS
Annette Evans Foundation
Fnends of the Sordoni Art Gallen
M&amp;T Bank

Andrew J. Sordoni, 111

Wilkes University

advisory commission
Joseph Butkicwicz
Marion M. Conyngham

Virginia Davis
Darin Fields, Ph.D.

Joseph E. (Tim) Gilmour, Ph.D.
Robert J. Heaman, Ph.D.
Keith A. Hunter, Esq.

BUSINESS COUNCIL SPONSORS

J. Michael Lennon, Ph.D.

Benco Dental

Melanie Maslow Lumia

Creative Business Interiors

Theo Lumia

First Liberty Bank and Trust

Kenneth Marquis

Marquis Art and Frame

Alison Maslow

Quaker Oats

Hank O’Neal

Westmoreland Club

Arnold Rifkin

Joel Zitofsky, Chair

Charles Shaffer, Esq.

Susan Adams Shoemaker, Esq.

William Shull

STAFF

Helen Farr Sloan

Ronald R. Bernier, Ph.D., Director

Andrew J. Sordoni, III

Karen Evans Kaufer, Associate Director

Sanford B. Sternheb, M.D.

Earl Lehman, Preparator

Mindi Thalenfeld

This project was supported in part by the Pennsylvania
Council on the Arts, a state agency funded by the Com­

monwealth of Pennsylvania, and the National Endowment

for the Arts, a federal agency.

•W /

1 i.fn as Now

&amp;C00

32

�,

hi III'):' ir’THi

WIL KI.;.'; UNIVE RSITY LIBRARY

1

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                    <text>A

E

A

A

N

�Michael Kenna: lapan
January r7-March 4, 2oo5
Opening Reception:
Sunday, January t6,

zoo5 3 to 5 P.M.

Sordoni Art Gallery

Wilkes University
r5o South River Street
Wilkes-Barre, PA 18766

$7o)

4o8-43z5

Gallery Hours: Noon until 4:3o e.u., daily
sordoni.wilkes.edu

The following Exhibition

U

nderwriters

provide general exhibition support:
Friends of the Sordoni Art Gallery

M&amp;T

Bank

Pennsylvania Council on the Arts

Andrew f. Sordoni, III
Wilkes University
BusinessCouncil

Creative Business Interiors
First Heritage Bank
Quaker Oats
Westmoreland Club
Marquis Art &amp; Frame

Design: John Beck
Printing: Llewellyn &amp; McKane, Inc.

O Michael Kenna, Courtesy Robert Klein Gallery, Boston

��TlrnLgh enQtt

rf

landscapes are

filled witlt tlrc evidence of

people, his plntos of

iriinnte

hunnniht. Serene and m,tsterious, thel: pause at
the interim of past and present, night and da1',

in scenes that invite
reterie and reflectior-r. . . . With clarih' and
retrlisnt and abstraction,

sintplicih', Keruta's images suggest ratlrcr tlnn
dcscribe, offering

up iust a few elentents of the

lartdscape, leat,it-tg

tlrc picture.

"ln

it to the t,iewer to

this \^td)',

1i1), pl-Lotos

contplete

are ntore like

huiktt tltan prose." liont 'Miclnel Kenna,'
Irttcn'iev, bt, Claire Sykes, April zooj

���</text>
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Non-Profit Org.
U.S. Postage

May O-June 20,2OO4

Reaefiion to Meet the Art"ist:
1aturday, May 8, 2OO4,5-7 p.m.

5ordoni Art" Gallery
Wilkes Univereity
15O 5ouih River 1treet
Wilkes-Oarre, ?A 10766

(57o) 4oO-4325
sordoni,wilkes,edu

Gallery Houroz
Noon until4zSO p.m, daily
FronL: )rchard Gate, 2OO1
oil on canvae,SO x54 inches

CourLeey Alexan dre

O

allery

The following Exhibition U nderwritera provide
qeneral exhibition auppor|.: Frienda of the )ordoni Art
Gallery, M&amp;T Dank, Fennaylvania Counail on the Arte,
Andrew J. 1ordoni, lll, Wilkea Univeraity.
BusineEe Counall: Creative Buainesa lnteriora, Firat
Heritaqe Dank, Quaker Oata, Weatmoreland Club,

Paid
Permit No. 355
Wilkes-Barre, PA

�</text>
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and Hank O'Neal

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fanuary 19 - February 29,2OO4
Organized by Westmoreland Museum of American Art,
Creensburg, PA

Gallery Talk by Hank O'Neal
Saturday, January 24, 5:00 pm
Reception immediately fol lowing
Ceneral exhibition support is provided by the folIowi ng Exhibition Underwriters:
Friends of the Sordoni Art Callery, M&amp;T Bank,
Pennsylvania Council on the Arts,
Andrew J. Sordoni, lll, Wilkes University.
Business Council: Creative Business lnteriors,
Westmoreland CIub.

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Many artists have focused on the same subject, but few have
shared a vision like that of photographers Berenice Abbott
and Hank O'Neal. For 19 years, the two not only shared an
interest in the same topic - the state of Maine - but a way of
seeing as well. lncluded in this exhibition is the last scene
that Abbott wanted to photograph, but couldn't, which was
later taken by O'Neal.

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II

Sordoni Art Callery
Wilkes University
150 South River Street
Wilkes-Barre, PA 18766
(570) 408-432s
sordoni.wilkes.edu

Callery Hours: Noon until 4:30 pm daily

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                    <text>�JON CARSMAN

Rhythm, Movement, Energy

�) O N C
j Rhythm. \

E.S. H
WILKE
WILKI

Ion in 4 r- Street Studio, photograph by Jack Mitchell

�JON CARSMAN
Rhythm, Movement, Energy

Organized by the Sordoni Art Gallery

Guest Curator
Darlene Miller-Lanning, Ph.D.
Gallery Director and Adjunct Faculty
The University of Scranton

Essays by
Darlene Miller-Lanning, Ph.D.
F. Charles Petrillo, Esq.

E.S. FARLEY LIBRARY
WILKES UNIVERSITY
WILKES-BARRE, PA
September 7 - October 19, 2003
Sordoni Art Gallery, Wilkes University
Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania
September 7 - October 12, 2003
Mahady Gallery, Marywood University
Scranton, Pennsylvania

�El'

Acknowledgments

Reflections on Jon Carsman, 1944-

Special thanks must go to several individuals who were central to the success of this project. To
Karen Plant we owe a tremendous debt of gratitude for her unflagging enthusiasm, generosity of
time and spirit, and diligent attention to virtually every detail of the exhibition's preparation and
presentation.
To Darlene Miller-Lanning, Ph.D., Director of the Art Gallery at The University of Scranton
and Guest Curator, who first admired Carsman's work here at the Sordoni Art Gallery as an under­
graduate at Wilkes University, we are indebted for her thoughtfulness and insight and, in particular, for
her determination to see this project to its realization. Her essay herein only further enhances and
illuminates her fellow alum’s remarkable career.
We also wish to recognize other supporters of this long-awaited project, namely, F. Charles
Petrillo, Esq., friend and devoted admirer of Jon’s work; Sandra Ward Povse, Director of the Marywood
University Art Galleries, with whom we are delighted to share this exhibition; and private lenders of
work to the show: Mrs. Jack (LorettaJ Carsman; Joseph Carsman; Ken Marquis; the Edward Welles,
Jr., Collection, D. Leonard Corgan Library, King’s College; and Sandy and Arnold Rifkin, long-time
friends and supporters of the Sordoni Art Gallery and Wilkes University.
This project is, indeed, the happy result of collaboration.

Ronald R. Bernier, Ph.D.
Director

ARCHIVE
•W «
s
cau

Ay

3

Karen Evans Kaufer
Associate Director

won Carsman was born in December 1944 m Wilkes-Barre, F
I kindergarten, Jon displayed an extraordinary fascination wit
J eight, his parents, Jack and Loretta Carsman, arranged draw

(1893-1982). a respected Wilkes-Barre artist-teacher. At Kings
Graydon Mayer, chair of the school’s art department, a remark
Jon and other students on weekend painting excursions to rur;
in Wyoming and Susquehanna counties. The Carsman family i
Harvey's Lake, and the rambling streams and waterfalls along
Hunlock's Creek, and Ricketts Glen were re-formed by his ima.s
the small towns of Edwardsville and Courtdale, uniquelv char;
frequently found in his work.
After a year at Wayne State University, Jon enrolled al
was a record-setting member of the swim team to which he w
mates in his senior year. While still a student, ion exhibited hi
and Binghamton. New York. Following graduation from Wilke:
tion, Jon earned an M.A. in Art Education in 1067 from New)
taught at Harlem schools for the New York City school system
After Jon’s college graduation. Graydon Mayer introdi
Wyoming Valley native and head of the American Art division
City. Graham Gallery served as Ion's initial agent in New York
group shows in 1969 to 1974. after which Ion moved to Fisch
From his studio in lower Manhattan Ion completed a
rooftops in the early 1970s. followed by a critically successful
then a series of small-town roadways and frame houses in Bi
River, later returning to a favorite theme of woodland views. \
his aim was not simply to recreate the scene: "I want to give ’
when I was."' Indeed, one commentator found Jon’s work an
graphic, art historical and personal resources."1
These "personal resources" included what has been .
Ion’s work, reminiscent, perhaps, of late-night walks with fnend
Theater, tranquil summer days with his family at Harvey’s La
surrounds during excursions to the Hamptons. Long Island.
Individual exhibitions quickly followed in the 1970s.
southern and western United States, and Australia in 1976-1
group exhibitions at venues as diverse as Paris and Santa Fe.
featured in an exhibition at the Everhart Museum m Scrantar
alma mater. Wilkes, for a group show in l°82 with other alu
I- Ion Carsman: Paintings and Watercolors (New York: Crispo Gali
2. Ruth Bass, "ion Carsman," Art Vkws. May 1979.

© 2003 Sordoni Art Gallery, Wilkes University

I

____ _g.

�Reticciions on Ion Carsman, lt-&gt;44-l987
b trecer."
; to success c: in s prc'ect. ”c
ce for her ;;n: egging or.;.Tt:sics-. generosity of
even, ceta'.’ of toe exh.biiicn's preparation and

cr c: the Art Cabery at The Utv.-ersltx of Scranton
work here at the Sordon; Art Gallery as an underrer theughnuxess and .-.-sigh: and, in particular. ta­
rtan. Her essay herein cn'.y further enhances and

rrs of this ■c-g-a/.aitec project. namely. F. Charles
cric Sandra Ward "ovse. Director 0: the Man-wood
rted to share this exhibition; and private tenders cf
•seph Cars—an; Ken l.la-c-ist the Edward Weiies.
Ccdege: and Sandy and Arnold Rifkin, ■eng-rt—e
and
kes UrD ersiby.
:: to’iabc—ti'cn.
Karen Evans Kauder
Associate Director

I -on Carsman was born in December 1044 in Wilkes-Barre. Pennsylvania. By the time he reached
lk:::de:garten, Jon displaced an extraordinary fascination with color and drawing. When Jon was
I Jeighi- his parents, lack and Loretta Carsman, arranged drawing lessons with Niccolo Cortiglia
,i893-:-'eE’, a respected Wilkes-Barre artist-teacher. At Kingston High School, |on was tutored by
Graydon Mayer, chair of the school’s art department, a remarkable naturalist who frequently took
Jon and other students on weekend painting excursions to rural haunts in the Back Mountain and
i in Wyoming and Susquehanna counties. The Carsman family itself had a summer cottage at
Harvey's Lake, and the rambling streams and waterfalls along Bowman's Creek, Buttermilk Falls,
Hunlock's Creek, and Ricketts Glen were re-formed by his imagination. Jon also found inspiration in
tne small towns of Edwardsville and Courtdale, uniquely characterized by uphill perspectives and
frequently found in his work.
After a year at Wayne State University, Ion enrolled at Wilkes College in 1963, where he
was a record-setting member of the swim team to which he was elected co-captain by his team­
mates in his senior year. While still a student, Jon exhibited his work in Wilkes-Barre, Hazleton,
and Binghamton. New York. Following graduation from Wilkes in 1966 with a B.A. in Art Educa­
tion. 'on earned an M.A. in Art Education in 1967 from New York University. He subsequently
taught at Harlem schools for the New York City school system.
After Jon’s college graduation, Graydon Mayer introduced the artist to David Herbert,
Wvo.-.ing Valley native and head of the American Art division of the Graham Gallery in New York
Gtv. Graham Gallery served as Jon’s initial agent in New York, featuring him in individual and
group shows in 1969 to 1974, after which Jon moved to Fischbach Gallery, also in New York.
From his studio in lower Manhattan Jon completed a series of views of New York City
rooftops in the early 1970s. followed by a critically successful exhibition of Harvey's Lake works,
then a series cf small-town roadways and frame houses in Bucks County and along the Delaware
River, later returning to a favorite theme of woodland views. While Jon painted from photographs,
his a'—, was net simply to recreate the scene: "I want to give you a feel of what it is like to be there
when 1 was.” Indeed, one commentator found Jon's work an “interesting synthesis of photo­
graphic, art historical and personal resources.”2
These “personal resources" included what has been described as a haunting quality in
ltr.’s work. reminiscent, perhaps, of late-night walks with friends returning home from the Kingston
Theater, tranquil summer days with his family at Harvey's Lake, and, in later years, the lush floral
surrounds durng excursions to the Hamptons, Long Island.
Individual exhibitions quickly followed in the 1970s, throughout the Mid-Atlantic region,
southern and western United States, and Australia in 1976-1977. By 1977, Jon was represented in
group exhibitions at venues as diverse as Paris and Santa Fc. During this period the artist was also
featured ir. an exhibition at the Everhart Museum in Scranton, Pennsylvania, and he returned to his
z-.r.a mater. Wilkes, for a group show in 1982 with other alumni.

. Ion Cartwam paii’isny;. und Watercolors (New York: Crispo Gallery. 1979).
'■ Puth i’j'w -Jun Carsman," Art Views. May 1979.

I’liytlini. Movement. I netgv

�By 198-1. more than 80 museums in 31 states held Jon’s work in their permanent collections,
including the Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York, and the Corcoran Gallery of Art in Washing­
ton. D.C Many of America’s most prestigious corporate institutions also acquired Jon’s work for "
their collections.
A visit around 1980 to Impressionist Claude Monet’s adopted home at Giverny in France
inspired Jon’s final major group of paintings. An exhibition of this work traveled to Reading,
Pennsylvania, Oklahoma City, and Little Rock, concluding at the Dayton Art Institute in Ohio in
September 1984.
Jon’s last exhibition with Hammer Galleries in New York, in October 1986, featured a
broad range of paintings and watercolors. Shortly thereafter. Jon fell terminally ill and concentrated
on cataloguing his body of work. As Jon would not compromise his art, he would not compromise
his life—which he ended in December 1987.
Jon would not accept classification. While designated variously by the commentators as a
“super realist,” “new realist," "rural photo realist," and "impressionistic realist,” Jon himself always
sought to eschew comparisons and categories. Perhaps Jon’s work—and Jon himself to those who
knew and loved him—was best described by a friend and critic: “a singular intensity."3

Chuck Petrillo
Jon’s Co-Captain
Wilkes Swim Team '66

Everson M^eum^S

(Syracuse. Oklahoma City. Wichita:

v-cmer, wicnita Art Museum, 1977-78).

6 / JON CARSMAN

R‘te of Spring. 1978. acrylic, 84 x i 20 inches. Collection o: Ra

��Winter Lights, 1979, acrylic. 90

x 66 inches, Collection of Karen Plant

Pink Frenzy. 1074. acrylic, 70

50 inches. Collection of Kare

��; I

I? : '
'"i ' ’

Edwardsville. 1968. acrylic 59 « 64 inches So

�I

F. Charles Petrillo, Esq.

Edwardsville, 1968. acrylic, 59 z 64 inches, Sordoni Art Gallery, Wilkes University, Permanent Collection

�M

■

ii' :

Artist’s Father, 1968, acrylic, 49

x 37 inches. Collection of Loretta Carsman

Trexler's Corner. iQ"4, waiercolor, 30 * 22 inches Co?!ecf

�ta Carsman

■

�■

■■■■

Realizat’ons:
The Paintings, Print

allowing m the ic/.
. : Jacl
I j example of a creative and chari
career, lived a vibrant ht&lt;- and c

art. was truly immersed in the Ne .
lished galleries like Graham and liar

Mugaeine and was described as one c
the importance of representational im
strength as a painter, however, lay n

ground a popular and emerging ar! ot northeastern Pennsylvania's Wyu
the region's lonely towns and wood!
Charles Burchfield and Edward Hopf

:ii

flat and brightly colored depictions •.

i; ■

and neon lightwires combined elem&lt;

issues ot cultural and technological in
change the stillness of rural pools a

inherently linked with loss

I he am-

with regret.
Carsman's connection-, to t
of 1078. With its broad areas of flat
woodland scene. which owed its cla

H’

II

=■

If •

site for Rig ■/ Sp

1

Graydon Mayer, consersaucn a

'""■r'er f

--. -lion Announcement (Southan

Evening Geometry. 19S6. acrylic. 60

72 inches. Collection of Karen Plant

�Realizations.
The Paintings, Prints, and Watercolors of Jon Carsman
following in the footsteps of Jackson Pollock and James Dean. Jon Carsman was a classic
L example of a creative and charismatic American artist who, during his short but productive
I career, lived a vibrant life and died tragically young. Carsman, in the style of both his life and
art, was truly immersed in the New York art scene of the I 970s and 1980s. Represented by estab
lished galleries like Graham and Hammer, the artist was well received by critics for Art News and Arts
Magazine and was described as one of the New Realist or Photo Realist painters who reestablished
the importance of representational imagery in the wake of Abstract Expressionism. Carsman’s true
strength as a painter, however, lay not in his ability to keep pace with his peers but in his capacity to
ground a popular and emerging art style in enduring personal and art historical traditions A native
of northeastern Pennsylvania’s Wyoming Valley coal fields, Carsman never lost his fascination for
the region’s lonely towns and woodland glades nor his respect for the American Scene painters.
Charles Burchfield and Edward Hopper, instilled in him by a local high school art teacher. Carsman’s
flat and brightly colored depictions of Victorian houses, overgrown gardens, shadowed waysides,
and neon lightwires combined elements of Photo Realism, Pop, and the American Scene to address
issues of cultural and technological innovation and isolation. In America’s fast-flowing current of
change, the stillness of rural pools and eddies revealed that contemporary progress was uneven and
inherently linked with loss. The artist faced this reality with optimism and tempered it, only slightly,
with regret.
Carsman’s connections to Photo Realism were evident in Rite of Spring, a large-scale acrylic
of 1978. With its broad areas of flat color and sinuous arches of flowing line, this representational
woodland scene, which owed its clarity to the artist’s use of photographs as preliminary studies for
his works, was comparable in style and content
to paintings by predecessors Neil Welliver and
Fairfield Porter.1 Critics reviewing Carsman’s
work during the 1970s recognized these obvious
links but also acknowledged that the paintings
moved beyond them. Noting that Carsman
interpreted and extended the content of his
initial photographs, Patricia Hamilton credited
the artist with developing “a new vocabulary in
nature," while Robert Doty observed that
Carsman’s landscapes contained “suggestions
of mystery, hints of an unearthly presence [and
were] redolent with omnipresent but unseen

I- Graydon Mayer, conversation with the author, Tunkhannock, PA, 24 June 2002, lohn Carsman Fairfi
Porter Exhibition Announcement (Southampton: Tower Gallery. 1973).

Karen Plant

Rhythm. Movement. Energy ■ 15

�powers ”2 Carsman himself conceded that expressive exaggerations of natural forms, sometimes
described as "bats,” regularly appeared in his paintings. In an analogy particularly suited to Rife .&lt;
Spring which took its name from the Stravinsky ballet, Carsman likened these forms to patterns of
rhythm, movement, and energy found in music. Beyond its existence as a landscape painting, he
described Rite of Spring as an attempt “to force an involvement with the state of being in the woods
at springtime and seeing its arrival. Other people have attempted to produce this state with color,
words and music. The chevron-eye shape is Spring. . . . There are growth-like shapes around the
trees that are flying towards you. These to me signify the arrival of spring in the woods. It happens

there whether or not someone is there to experience it.’’3

Themes of transformation and change found in Carsman’s representations of nature were
also evident in his depiction of rural structures and roads. In the acrylic Winter Lights of 1979.
Carsman’s heightened realism bordered on Pop: nineteenth-century brick and clapboard cottages

Carsman himself dismissed them, stating

”

perceptive writers interpreted Carsman’s ties to carl’.’ :we-&gt;

of shared insights rather than shared styles. John A-nbwy
portraying scenes of rustic disrepair was

neither to iseLst

American scene for purposes of nostalgia, nor to

opp-,-.

subject in the interests ot -pure’ landscape pa n! r,
their due."3 Similarly. Richard lynch writing littce-

Jr-

and Hopper had painted American landscapes that were i
peace with his memories, painting "not portraits o* me'pl

positions constructed from life’s experience ’ Ever, in . ..
depicted the famed willows, bridges and waterlilies
m

stood as white and vermilion patches against an ultramarine sky, while violet and lavender phone

American sensibilities prevailed. Forgoing Monel’s accepts

lines and guard rails paralleled the yellow markings of a darkly shaded lane. Like his Pop predeces­
sor Andy Warhol, Carsman exploited the satirical quality found in this juxtaposition of the tradi­

ephemeral and atmospheric visions of Monet to produce r

tional and commercial and further reinterpreted it in the related silkscreen Winter Shadows of 1980.

imagery." which, when coupled with the fluid watercolor

Carsman’s two-man show with Warhol at the Tower Gallery, Southampton, in 1982, demonstrated

Monet’s scumbling, dots and dashes ot oil pigment.’

and French Impressionism. Carsman. in the words ot le-.

Ultimately, Ion Carsman’s paintings prints md

that these similarities were more than superficial.'1 Using what John Canaday described as “a

Eisenhower, when the latter was painting by numbers," Carsman infused otherwise nostalgic

of photography. Pop. and American Scene, were work*,
realism but with broader issues of cultural realization. R

subjects with jarring elements of contemporary technique and content.’’ All vestiges of picture-

vibrant, free-spirited vitality, could, on its exuberant mat

postcard tranquility were banished and replaced, in the words of Richard Lorber, by Carsman’s
"hallucinogenic vision of the apple-pie American townscape.
Finally, Carsman’s paintings of domestic landscapes sparked debates about American
culture and provincialism. Throughout the

a glimpse of its slightly haunting, barely dismissed, and

artist’s career, critics linked his style to those of
the American Scene painters: like Carsman,
Burch-field had stylized and energized his

world.

curious double recall of past masters, being remindful at once of Charles Burchfield and Dwight D.

........... V.,

"I,

it the- a .

experience that excitement of nature and attempt to

&lt; V T ,&lt;&gt;*., Ml, Mill .

,&lt; I 0

depictions of vegetation to create an aura of

the phenomena of mass-media and postmodernism with
tional built and natural environments In an era when th

of the virtual. Carsman respected the enduring resonanc

’;''■.

mystery; Hopper had heightened and length­
ened his buildings and shadows to address
issues of existentialism; and both artists had
possessed a love and mastery of watercolor.
The riotous color and haunting architecture
found in Carsman’s acrylic Pink Frenzy of 1974,

;

Hr ■■ .•

1 he U

did little to dispel these comparisons, although
New Lumberville, site for Winter Lights, 1979

2. Patricia Hamilton, “Jon Carsman," Arts Magazine (February 1976): 9; and Robert M. Doty, ion Carsman
(Huntsville: Huntsville Museum of Art, 1975): 2.
3. Robert Pavlik, “Jon Carsman: An Impressionistic Realist," Arts Magazine (February 1979): 160.
4. lohn Carsman/Andy Warhol Exhibition Announcement (Southampton: Tower Gallery. 19S2).
5. John Canaday. “Art: Carsman Shows Strength," New York Times (8 December 1973).
6. Richard Lorber, “Jon Carsman," Arts Magazine (April 1976); 21.

16/ION c a

rs ma n

7. Pavlik, "Jon Carsman,” 158.
■
8 lohn Ashbery, Ion Carsman (New York’ Graham GalteryB
9. Richard Lynch, ion Carsman. Paintings and Water.
I
10. Lowell Adams, ion Carsman: Givemy Watercolors ipead.rw
Reading Art Museum, Oklahoma Art Center. Arkansas Art Ce®

�:sivc exaggerations of natural forms, sometimes
intings. In an analogy particularly suited to Rite of
iallet. Carsman likened these forms to patterns of
.eyond its existence as a landscape painting, he
involvement with the state of being in the woods
have attempted to produce this state with color,
ng. . . . There are growth-like shapes around the
inlfy the arrival of spring in the woods. It happens
ice it.”3
und in Carsman's representations of nature were
id roads. In the acrylic Winter Lights of I 979,
ineteenth-century brick and clapboard cottages
Itramarinc sky, while violet and lavender phone
gs of a darkly' shaded lane. Like his Pop predecesquality found in this juxtaposition of the tradiin the related silkscreen Winter Shadows of I 980.
ver Gallery. Southampton, in 1982, demonstrated
’ Using what John Canaday described as “a
dful at once of Charles Burchfield and Dwight D.
rers." Carsman infused otherwise nostalgic
:hnique and content.' All vestiges of picture­
in the words of Richard Lorber. by Carsman’s
nvn scape."6
andscapes sparked debates about American

Car: ,n-n himself dismissed them, stating “If there are similarities in our work, so be it for we a!!
experience (hat excitement of nature and attempt to communicate it in our paintings “' More
perceptive writers interpreted Carsman's ties to early twentieth-century American realists in terms
of shared insights rather than shared styles. John Ashbery aptly stated that Carsman’s intent in
portraying scenes of rustic disrepair was “neither to isolate some fragments of the always vanishing
American scene for purposes of nostalgia, nor to suppress the picturesque, anecdiside ot his
subject in the Interests of 'pure' landscape painting, but to give both the evocative and the pamterlv
their due.”1’Similarly, Richard Lynch, writing fifteen years later, maintained that while Isp, i,t!and Hopper had painted American landscapes that were haunted and isolated, car- man ., J(
peace with his memories, painting “not portraits of inexplicable fears, but rather thoughtful, sn
positions constructed from life s experience. Even in his watercolor sei e.-. of i ■», &gt; &gt; |
,,
depicted the famed willows, bridges and waterlilies from Monet s garden .it thverny. Car m.m

American sensibilities prevailed. Forgoing Monet's accepted association . with Japane teaesth
and French Impressionism, Carsman, in the words of Lowell Adams. ■ sifted through tin h.wv
ephemeral and atmospheric visions of Monet to produce his own more clearly defined .mJ tjn^ibl.
imagery," which, when coupled with the fluid watercolor medium, proved to be ’ tin- p&lt; n,-, 11 i,.
Monet's scumbling, dots and dashes of oil pigment.’’
Ultimately, Jon Carsman’s paintings, prints and watercolors, with their wmhn d ■ , vn,
of photography, Pop, and American Scene, were works concerned not with .tylidi bate ah. a
realism but with broader issues of cultural realization. Recognizing that
i an cult ,■
_i'i
vibrant, free-spirited vitality, could, on its exuberant march into the future, ornvtime I
....
a glimpse of its slightly haunting, barely dismissed, and not so distant p.r.t c.r man ..nth
:
the phenomena of mass-media and postmodernism with subject mattei drawn
tr.
tional built and natural environments. In an era when the reality oi c. (lit. • . i . he -., , ■
of the virtual, Carsman respected the enduring resonance of direct eriLou’iter ■. . '
.■

world.
Darlene Miller-Lanning. i'h D
Gallery Director Adjunct I acuity
University Art Gallery
The University of Scranton

New Lumberville, site for Winter Lights, I 979

(February 1976k 9; and Robert M. Doty. Ion Carsman

Realist," Arts Magazine (February 1979k 160.
nt (Southampton: Tower Gallery. 1982).
&lt;ew York Tunes 18 December 1973).
phi 1976): 21.

7. Pavlik, "|on Carsman." 158.
_ .
8. lohn Ashberv. Ion Carsman (New York: Graham Gallery, |9,,l
,
9. Richard Lynch. Ion Carsman. Paintings ami Watercolors (New ’.erk Hammer Gafkn^
10. Lowell Adams, /on Carsman: Givemy Watercolors (Reading. Oklahoma utv. l 1 " [9g4i. ,
Reading Art Museum. Oklahoma Art Center. Arkansas Art Center and Dayton xrt ms -■

R6\:hrr

’c.e'-"’-

�lisisjs

|

Exhibition Checklist
dimensions are given

|

in inches, height precedes width.

Sordoni Art Gallery
Wilkes University
Pink Frenzy, 1974
acrylic
70 x 50
Collection of Karen Plant

Evening Geometry, 1986
acrylic
60 x 72
Collection of Karen Plant
Artist’s Father, 1968
acrylic
49 x 37
Collection of Loretta Carsman

Edwardsville, 1968
acrylic
59 x 64
Sordoni Art Callery
Wilkes University
Permanent Collection

Second Avenue, New York City, n.d.

acrylic
12 x 14
Edward Welles. Jr., Collection
D. Leonard Corgan Library

King’s College
Civerney Cannas, 1981
watercolor
29 x 22
Collection of Karen Plant

Winter Shadows, 1980
serigraph
33 x 24
Collection of Ken Marquis
September Stillness, 1983
watercolor
21 Vi x 29
Collection of Sandy and Arnold
Rifkin

Blue Runner, 1979
acrylic
50 x 60
Collection of Sandy and Arnold
Rifkin

Winter Lights, 1979
acrylic
90 x 66
Collection of Karen Plant

City Scene, New York, n.d.
oil
16 x 20
Edward Welles, Jr., Collection
D. Leonard Corgan Library
King's College

Lakeside Shadows, 1974
acrylic
26 x 32
Sordoni Art Gallery
Wilkes University
Permanent Collection
Hippie, 1966
crayon

1014 x II V,
Collection of F. Charles Petrillo, Esq.

IB /ION c A H s M A N

Lake Winola, I 971
acrylic
72 x 72
Collection of Joseph Carsma
Lehigh Valley Railroad Station, 1966
watercolor
13 x 21
Collection of F. Charles Petrillo, Esq.
Man in Window, 1967
watercolor
8 x 11
Edward Welles, Jr., Collection
D. Leonard Corgan Library
King's College
Red Rose Bar, NYC, 1968
pencil
1314 x 10
Sordoni Art Gallery
Wilkes University
Permanent Collection

Velvet Waters, 1982
watercolor
29 x 22
Collection of Karen Plant
Covered Gate, n.d.
watercolor
34 x 2514
Collection of F. Charles Petrillo. Esq.

Pink House. 1983
watercolor
22 x 29
Collection of Karen Plant

Collect c~ .

�width.

.'etv York City. n.d.

|r.. Collection
;an Library

1981

Lake Wiitclu, 1971
acrylic
72 x 72
Collection of Joseph Carsman
Lc/'.-g.'.- Va’.'ey Railroad Stat:-'’:, 1«66
watercolor
13 x 21
Collection of F. Charles Petrillo. Esq.

en Plant

Man •• Hrrdciv. 1967

1980

watercolor
8 x 11

Marquis
&gt;. 1983

Edward Welles. Jr.. Collection
D. Leonard Corgan LibraryKing’s College

Red Rose Bor. .VYC 1 968
pencil

dy and Arnold

13u x 10
Sordoni An Gallery
Wilkes UniversityPermanent Collection

'9

■n Plant

Velvet Waters, IP32
watercolor
29 x 22
Collection of Karen Plant

1974

Y
tion

tries Petrillo, Esq.

Covered Cate. n.d.
watercolor
34 x 25:i
Collection of F. Charles Petrillo. Esq.

�Advisory Commission

Exhibition Underwriters
Friends of the Sordoni Art Gallery

.

Andrew J. Sordoni, III
M&amp;T Bank
Wilkes University

Business Council Sponsors
Benco Dental
Creative Business Interiors

Joseph Butkiewicz

Marion M. Conyngham
Virginia C. Davis
Joseph E. (Tim) Gilmour, Ph.D.

Robert J. Heaman, Ph.D.
Keith A. Hunter, Esq.

J. Michael Lennon, Ph.D.
Melanie Maslow Lumia

Theo Lumia

First Heritage Bank

Kenneth Marquis

Quaker Oats Company

Allison Maslow

Service Electric Company
Westmoreland Club

Arnold Rifkin

Hank O’Neal

Charles Shaffer, Esq.
Additional funding was provided by F. Charles
Petrillo, Esq., and Bruce J. Phillips, Esq.

William Shull
Helen Farr Sloan
Andrew J. Sordoni, III

This project was supported in part by the
I

Pennsylvania Council on the Arts, a state
agency funded by the Commonwealth of
Pennsylvania, and the National Endowment for

the Arts, a federal agency.

Sanford B. Sternlieb, M.D.

Mindi Thalenfeld

Joel Zitofsky, Chair

Staff
Ronald R. Bernier, Ph.D., Director
Karen Evans Kaufer, Associate Director
Earl Lehman, Preparator

Sordoni Art Gallery, Wilkes University
150 South River Street
Wilkes-Barre. PA 18766
Telephone 570-408-4325

Fax 570-408-7733
sordoni.wilkes.edu
2.500 copies were printed by Llewellyn &amp; McKane. Inc.
Catalogue design: John Beck
Photography: Michael Thomas, pp. 10-12
ISBN 0-942945-24-7

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                    <text>MICHAEL DE IONG

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Ror-rald R. Bclnier, Ph.D.

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Ronal.l R. Ilcrnier, Ph.[).

F'ROM L,DE N TO OZ

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Art Ga11e11'
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�Copyright @ 2OOZ Sordoni Art Gallery
ISBN 0-942945-ZZ-O

2000 copies were printed by Zodiac Printing Corporation
Catalogue design: John Beck
Typeface: Centaur, a classic American face designed about I9

I5 by Bruce Rogers
by
Doug
Burg
landscapes
by
MichaelThomas;
Photography: ciryscapes

�I;It.OM EDEN TO OZ
l{onrl.l I{.

Berr.rier, Ph.D.

In Utopia. . . everyone is rich-for what greater wealth
of mind, and
frcc.lom from anxiety? . . .The Utopian way of life
provi.les r-rot only the happiest basis for a civilized
cor.r.rr-r-rur-rity, but also one which, in all human probability,
c;rn there be than cheerfulness, peace

will last forever.
Thornas More, Utopia

(I5I6)l

MAI-l- Al)l:l{ltJlltls I,UNrTIt,\l-t, white walls, opening onto public

in gold, they depict the intimate and
l.rivrtc
scnsuous cnclosurc of a deep forest interior, while from dizzying
lr, iqlrts, ll:unt'.1 in black, are footless views of a glistening metropolis,,rclr tirry :rs pr36iq115 object yet imrncnsc as content.The miniature
s(:rl(';uld cxxcting.lctail prompt us closer, inviting us to peer, as if
illi, irly, into thcsc distant spaces. We advance, an.1 in that closeness,
,,tlrcl lrotlics .lisappcar, falling away at the edges of our awareness;
visiorr is crrt ,rf}, isolated from the presentness of the body. In this way
lVli, lr;rt'l [)c Jong's irnages perforrn an operation of rndividr-ration,
,1,'lirrirrg 1l1p yi1-1ys1-1he self-as isolated, withdrawn from the worl.1,
r', t s11,irrg trpon it. What is beyond, what is on the'other'side, is the
rrrlinitcly rcnr()tL', the visionary ideal-Utopia. In the early watercolors,
rt r5 r'('r)(lclcd es tht'full baroque spectacle of rugged mountain terrait-t
;ur.1

spaces. Framed

of nineteenth-century
,'\nr.ri(';ur l:r..lsc:r1.e'painting that told the heroic story of a New

,rrr,l lrrrrrirrotrs vista, the romantic drama

h

World, here borrowed and reformatted to miniature scale. For those
artists, painted vistas of uncultivated nature symbolized a desire for
domir-rance and possession, confident expressions of a privileged
national identity tinged with the romantic myths of paradise, innocence
and Mar-rifest Destiny.r America as the Great Experiment, the discovery
of an unspoiled contir-rer-rt where man could escape the contamination
of the OldWorld. Reduce.l in size and crushing in detail, De Jong's
fetishes speak iror-rically to this tl-reme of America as the new Golden

In its postn-rodcnr vcrsior.r, tlris paradisc of abundancc is recast as
the sylvan rctrcat of a Pcr.rr-rsylvar-ria garden ancl the towering pageantry
Age .

of

uptowr-r Manhattan.l
The Garden/City-5",.,..7au11u1g-dixlgctic is ideologically
loaded with paiired associations of private and public, individnal arrd
society, self and world, solitude and community. Nature, as the subject
of landscape painting, lras long been invested with the physical, moral,
and spiritual qualities of peace and equilibrium. It is the space of

health, the sanctuary of remoteness and restorative wholeness in
schizophrenic modernity. To experience nature is to step inside the
subjectivity of private sensation and the good life.The city, by contrast,
is nature's antithesis, the space of moral malaise, r-rumbing spectacle,
choking densitp and alier-rating salneness. And within the present
exhibition, the artist holds out the possibility of being simultaneously

in two seemingly incompatible spaces, able to dip into that other,
restful and refreshing asylum of rural virtue, while holding fast to the

�;,

Copyright @ ZOOZ Sordoni Art Gallery

rsBN 0-942945-ZZ-O

2000 copies were printed byZodiac Printing Corporation
Catalogue design: John Beck
Typeface: Centaur, a classic American face designed about 19I5 by Bruce Rogers
Photography: cityscapes by MichaelThomas; landscapes by Doug Burg

�FROM EDEN TO OZ
Ronald R. Bernier, Ph.D.

In Utopia . . . everyone is rich-for what greater wealth
can there be than cheerfulness, peace of mind, and
freedom from anxiety? . . . The Utopian way of life
provides not only the happiest basis for a civilized
community, but also one which, in all human probability,

will last forever.
Thomas More,

Lltopia

(I5I6)I

MALL APERTURES pENETRATE white walls, opening onto public
and private spaces. Framed in gold, they depict the intimate and

of a deep forest interior, while from dizzying
hcights, fiamed in black, are footless views of a glistening metropoliscrrch tiny as precious object yet immense as conrent. The miniature
sensuous enclosure

prompt us closer, inviting us to peer, as if
spaces. We advance, and in that closeness,
otlrer bodies disappear, falling away at the edges of our awareness;
vision is cut ofI, isolated from the presentness of the body. In this way
Michael De ]ongt irnages perform an operation of individuation,
,lcfining 6he yigy/6s-1he self-as isolated, withdrawn from the world,
),ct spying upon it. What is beyond, what is on the'other'side, is the
irrfinitcly remote, the visionary ideal-Utopia. In the ea4 watercolors,
sc,rle and exacting detail

illicitly, into these distant

it

is rcn.lcre.1 as the

full baroque spectacle of rugged mounrain terrain

the romantic drama of nineteenth-century
r\rrrt'r'ican lar-rdscape painting that told the heroic story of a New

:rrr.1 ltnr-rinous vista,

World, here borrowed and reformatted to miniature scale. For those
artists, painted vistas of uncultivated nature symbolized a desire for
dominance and possession, confident expressions of a privileged
national identity tinged with the romantic myths of paradise, innocence
and Manifest Destiny.2 America as the Great Experiment, the discovery
of an unspoiled continent where man could escape the contamination
of the O1d World. Reduced in size and crushing in detail, De Jongt
fetishes speak ironically to this tl-rerne of America as the new Golden
Age. In its postmodern version, this paradise of abundance is recast as
the sylvan retreat of a Pennsylvania garden and the towering pageantry
of uptown Manhattan.r
The Garden,/City-Nature/Cul6l116-di2ls6tic is ideologically
loaded with paired associations of private and public, individual and
society', self and wor1d, solitude and community. Nature, as the subject
of landscape painting, has long been invested with the physical, moral,
and spiritual qualities of peace and equilibrium. It is the space of
health, the sanctuary of remoteness and restorative wholeness in
schizophrenic modernity. To experience nature is to step inside the
subjectivity of private sensatiolr. and the good life.The city, by contrast,
is nature's antithesis, the space of moral malaise, numbing spectacle,
choking density, and alienating sameness. And within the preser-rt
exhibition, the artist holds out the possibility of being simultar-reously
in two seemingly incompatible spaces, able to dip into that other,
restful and refreshing asylum of rural virtue, while holding fast to the

�of its oppobreached.
momentarily
two
worlds
sigg-shs
the
wooded
of
warmth
the
suffused
golden
As presented here-in
of
urban
collage
and
hallucinatory
flickering
interior and the cool,
sglfx6g-6f6y arc both lJtopia. On the one hand, the prelapsarian
perfection of the Garden of Eden, and on the other, the City of Oz'
end of the journey, "a place where there isnt any s16u!16"4-gle city as
final fulfillment of the original promise of America as Utopia. And Oz,
like Eden, is precisely thae a fabled, fantastic, self-contained world-

heady exhilaration, opulence, and breathless excitement

boundary between che

paradise regained.

It is fitting, then, that utopia takes the form of the geometric figure
that sFmbolizes harmonp unity, coherengs-1hg circle- And here we
return to the procedure of painting itself-the miniature- In these
manipulations of scale, place, and proportion, the normal equations
between picture and observer are altered. The beholdert experience is
simultaneously intimate and distant, the body bereft of spatial
coordinates. In drawing 6165g1-whi.h in the conventional viewing of
painting allows us to engage in detail, dissolving distance through the
privacy of individual f66u5-ghs viewer is presented with the panoramic view of a perfectly miniaturized world, paradoxically dwarfing
the observer through its own kind of immensity.
This dislocating expedence is what aesthetic theory

has defined as

the Sublime, wherein our ordinary perceptual faculties' rendered
incapable of taking in the sheer immensity of the world's manifold, are
overwhelmed, awed, resulting in a kind of stupelring power which
forces us into an awareness of our own Puny position in the universe, a
kind of "existential vertigo."s Our glimpse into Utopia-just beyond

1g26h-5sgrn5 an utterly unreal and unfathomable ideal; as such, ttr
imagination is launched into a vain attemPt to comprehend iu
magnitude in a way that ultimately leads to the consolation thr!
something'beyond' transcends the limitations and imperfectioru
ordinary phenomenal being-infiniry, perfection, the ideal. Thri
fact, the literal translation of SirThomas Moret punning word to
describe his visionary state, Utopia-no place-while maintaininS
hopeful belief in the possibility, the necessiry, of discovering
Beyond subject itself-beyond the wistful desire for Eden and I
what invokes the sublime here is the overwhelmingly infinitesimrl
De Jong assigns the sublime to the immeasurably tiny, to the ncu
dismissible, through the procedure of painting itself, where thc
indescribable-perfection, the ideal, Utopia-is lodged in tle
imperceptible.

NOTES

I.

Tians. PaulTirrner, 1965: I28-I3I.
See exhibition and catalogue, Borrowed Paradkr, Krannert
College of Fine and Applied Arts, University of Illinois at

2.

Art

I998.

3. Both of which the artist claims as home. The peacefulness of hir
northeastern Pennsylvania retreat is easily traveled from NewYork City
7O-mile stretch of roadway.
4. Spoken by the central character, Dorothy, as she dreams

of her

o

unrealized utopia from the drabness of the American heartland in thc l9l
technicolor fantasia of L. Frank Baum's I900 story Tbe WondetJulWizeil {

5.

Paul Crowth

e\

The Kantian Sublime, From

Morality

to

Art, 1989: I70.

����Ir
I

rl

I

�ll

���EXHIBITION

CHECKLIST

(2) Untttlt d, 19 9 2-19 9 8
watercolor on paper
22h" x 30" (paper size)
(12) Untitltd,200I
oil on panel
gold leaf frame

2/4"

diameter (landscape image size)

(14) Untitbd,2002
oil on panel
ebonized frame
3/4" diameter (cityscape image size)

�CHAEL DE JON
Chicago Heights, Illinois, I962

2OOO Borrowed Paradise,

Northern Illinois University. DeKalb, IL

(catalogue)

1999
1998

TION
of Illinois (M.F.A. 1988)
d'Ardritecture, Versailles, France, 1987
Illinois University (B.F.A. 1984)

AND HONORS
Foundation Fellowship, I999-2OO0

Neil Kinley Memorial Foundation Fellowship, I995
Foundation Fellowship, 1992-199 3
of Illinois Fellowship, 1985-1988
P. Bates Memorial Scholarship, 1984
Iota Xi Annual Scholarship, 1980

D SOLO EXHIBITIONS
FromEden to

Oz,Sordoni Art Gallery,Wilkes University,

Wilkes-Barre, PA (catalogue)
ForatJor the Trus, Pacific Northwest College of Art, Portland,

OR (catalogue)

200I

ForestJor tbeTrees,
ForestJor tbe

Sioux City Art Center, Sioux City, IA (catalogue)
Art Museum, Waterloo, IA (catalogue)

Trees,Waterloo

Borrowed Paradise, I-Space,
Borrowed Paradise,

Champaign,

IL

Chicago,

(catalogue)

Krannert Art Museum, University of Illinois,

IL

(catalogue)

1997 P.P.O.W, NewYork, NY

I996

Feigen Contemporary, Chicago,

IL

1995 P.P.O.W NewYork, NY
I988 Rastovski Gallerp NewYork, NY

SELECTED GROUP EXHIBITIONS
Exhibltlon,Ltttlejohn Contemporary Fine Art, NewYork,

2OOl

Summer

2000

Shlfting Grounk: Tran{ormed lhnus oJ

NY
Art Gallery, University of

the

American Landscape,

Hemy

Washsott

Seatde,WA (catalogue)
College
of Art Gallery, City
1999 As Far as the E1e Can Su,The Adanta
Atlanta,
GA
(catalogue)
Gallery at Chastain,
1998 Summer Exhib*ion/Calltry Artists, PP.O.W, NewYork, NY
Dfuining Nature, Sottheastern Center for Contemporury Art,
Winston-Salem, NC (catalogue)
Remembering Beautl, The Seductfue and Nostalgic Nature oJ the American

South Bend Regional Museum of Art, South Bend,
IN (catalogue)
1997 Summer Exblbition/Galbry Arrrsts, P.PO.W, NewYork, NY
Landscape,

,.ii

�19 9

6

Toale Gallerp Boston, MA
Summer Exhibitior/Gollrry Art*rs, P.PO.W:, NewYork,
Small Works, Bernie

Watertolors, P.PO.W:,

NY

NewYork, NY

Monique Knowlton Gallery, NewYork, NY
Seattle Arc Museum, Seattle, WA
l, University of Massachusetts at Amherst, MA

Field G,Stream,

100 NewYork Artlsts, Weatherholt Gallery, Washington, DC
1989 TwelJth Annitersary BeneJit Auaion,-fhe New Museum of Contemporary Art, NewYork, NY
1988 Made in New York Gr1,, Rastovski Gallery, New York, NY

Sebaior,is From Private Colleaions,

I995

Nature Studies

Summer Exhibkion/Gallery Artisrs, P.P.O.W.,

NewWorks, Feigen

NewYork, NY

Contemporarp Chicago,

200I

IL

Portrait, Figure, Landscape, Brave-Post-Lee Gallery, New

1994 Sur*

Garden,

York, NY

Curnrnings Art Center, Connecticut College, New

London, CT

1993

SELECTED BIBLIOGRAPHY

Quo Quo on Queens Road Central, Queens Road Central Gallery,

Ronald R. Bernier, Ph.D. "Forest for theTiees,Works by
Michael De Jong," exhibition catalogue, February-]une 200I.
Sioux City, IA: Sioux City Art Center.
"shifting
Ground: Transformed Vews of the American
2000
Landscape," exhibition catalogue, curated by Rhonda Lane

Honq Konq
Exquk,The Drawing Center, New York, NY; The
Corcoran Gallery of Arr, Washington, D.C.; Foundation for
Contemporary Art, Mexico City; The Santa Monica
Museum, Los Angeles; The Forum, St. Louis, MO; The
American Center, Paris, France

Cada'tre

lmmanent Domaln, Selections/Fall I993, The Drawing Center,
New York, NY (catalogue)
7992 Contemporary lcons: From the Sublime to the htisbistic, Bertha and Karl
Leubsdorf Art Gallery at Hunter College, NewYork, NY

(catalogue)

Group Summer Exhibition, Galerie George-Philippe Valois,

/ Lifile Men,White Columns, New York, NY

lmmediate Rrallty, Postmasters

I99I

1999.

Henri Robinson,Ph.D. 'As Far as the Eye Can See,"
exhibition catalogue, January-March I 999. Atlanta: Atlanta

Joyce

I998

College of Art Gallery, City Gallery ac Chastain.
Ron Bernier andTim Porges. "Borrowed Paradise," exhibition
catalogue, Contemporary Art Series No. I7, ScptemberNovember I998. Urbana: Krannert Art Museum, University

of Illinois at Campaign-Urbana.
"Divining Nature," exhibition catalogue, April-July I998. Winston-Salem, NC: South Eastern
Center for Contemporary Art.
Linda Johnson Dougherty. "Divining Nature." Art Papers,
September-October I998.

Susan LabowskyTalbot.

Paris, France
Little Wmen

I999

Howard, February-August 2000. Seattle: The Henry Art
Gallery, Faye G. Allen Center for the Msual Arts, University
of Washington.
James Yood. "Michael De Jong." The New Art Examiner,February

Gallery, NewYork,

NY

NewYork, New Yori, Museum Gallery, San Francisco Museum

Modetn Art, San Francisco, CA

of

�Susan Visser and Leisa

of the American

October 4, L993,

Landscape,"

exhibition catalogue, August-October 1998. South Bend,

IN:

South Bend Regional Museum of Arl
Alan G. Artner. "Catherine Opie, Terri Zrtpanic, Michael De
ebruary I 6, I99 6.
"Voice
&amp; Michael De Jong."
Pid&lt;s:TomWoodruff
Kim Levin.
ice,
March
I
995.
Vo
Tbe Vilkge
Claire McConaughy. 'Sdll-Life, Portrait, Landscape." Flash Art,
VoL I8, no. I82, May-)une 1995.
Kim Levin. 'Voice Picks: Michael De Jong." TbeVillageVoice,
February 22, 1995.
Richard Hsu "Exposure" exhibition catalogue, December 1993.
Ingrid Sdraffner, Mary Ann Caws, and Charles Simic, with Foreword by Ann Philbin. "Return of the Cadawe Exquisj'exhibition

Jongl'

"Goings on AboutTown: Immanent Domain." TheNmYorker,

Rundquist. "Remembering Beauty: The

Seductive and Nostalgic Nature

New York Times,Weekend

Chicago Tribune, F

catalogue, December 1993. NewYorkThe Drawing Center.
Kim Levin. "Voice Choices:The Return of the Cadavre Exquis."
The Wlkge Voiee, November 23, 1993.
Midrael Kimmelman. "The Exquisite Corpse Rises from the
Dead!' The NewYorkTima, Sunday, November 7,1993' p 4I.
"Word of Mouth Big Art (Cadawe Exquis)." Harpers Bazaar,
November 1993,p. I20.

Arlene Raven. "Immanent Domain." Tle l4lkge %ice,SePtember

p.34.

Robert Mahoney. "Immanent Domain," exhibition catalogue,
September-October I 993. New York The Drawing Center.
1992 Roberta Smith. 'Art in Review: I0 StepsToward the Best." Ile
Section, December 4, L992.

to the
Fetishistic," exhibition catalogue, November I 992. New York:
The Bertha and Karl Leubsdorf Art Gallery at Hunter

Susan Edwards. "Contemporary Icons: From the Sublime

College.
Joshua Dector

.

Arx, Aprl.1992.

Kim Levin. "Voice Choices: Immediate RealiryJ'

I99I

Janrary 15, 1992.
Kim Levin. "Vllage Listings:Value!'TheWlkge

Tltel4llageVoice,

Zoire,

November

26, t991, p.79.
Roberta Smith. "New Galleries in Soho, From Glittering to

Not So."

NauYorkTimes,Weekend

Section, November 15,

I99I'

Robert Mahoney. "Official Guidebook House of Value, 252
Lafayette Street, NYC: AITRACTIONS," exhibition
handbook, November

I99I.

1989 Robert Mahoney. Arts, Merch 1989'
Joshua Dector. Flash Art lnurnational,March/ April 1989.

Lois Nesbitt. Arforum, March 1989.

29, 1993.

.,/.d

�EXHIBITION UNDERWRITERS

ADVISORY COMMISSION

Friends of the Sordoni Art Gallerv

Bonnie C. Bedford, Ph.D.
loseph Butkiewicz
Marion M. Conyngham
Vrginia C. Davis, Chair
Joseph E. (Tim) Gilmour, Ph.D.
Robert ]. Heaman, Ph.D.
Keith A. Hunter, Esq.
J. Michael Lennon, Ph.D.

M&amp;T

Bank

Maslow Lumia Bartorillo Advertising
The John Sloan Memorial Foundation, Inc
Andrew'J. Sordoni,

III

Wilkes University

STAFF

Melanie Maslow Lumia

Theo Lumia
Kenneth Marquis
Allison Maslow
Hank O'Neal

Ronald R. Bernier, Ph.D., Director
Karen Evans Kaufer, Associate Director
Earl Lehman, Preparator

Arnold Rifkin

GALLERY ATTENDANTS

Charles Shaffer, Esq.

_[illian Ford
Brianna Herron

Susan Adams Shoemaker, Esq.

Sara Scalzo

Helen Farr Sloan
Andrew J. Sordoni, III
Sanford B. Sternlieb, M.D.

William Shull

Sarah Leskosky

MindiThalenfeld
JoelZito{sky

Thk project was supported in part b1

the

Pennrylvania Council on

tbe

Arts, a

state

agenry Junded b1 the Commonwealth oJ Pennsllt'ania and tbe National Endowment

Jor

the

Ar*,

aJederal agencl.

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