<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<itemContainer xmlns="http://omeka.org/schemas/omeka-xml/v5" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://omeka.org/schemas/omeka-xml/v5 http://omeka.org/schemas/omeka-xml/v5/omeka-xml-5-0.xsd" uri="https://omeka.wilkes.edu/omeka/items/browse?output=omeka-xml&amp;page=165&amp;sort_field=added" accessDate="2026-04-26T19:30:48+00:00">
  <miscellaneousContainer>
    <pagination>
      <pageNumber>165</pageNumber>
      <perPage>15</perPage>
      <totalResults>4132</totalResults>
    </pagination>
  </miscellaneousContainer>
  <item itemId="48861" public="1" featured="1">
    <fileContainer>
      <file fileId="44383" order="1">
        <src>https://omeka.wilkes.edu/omeka/files/original/57aeb755f18db3182659e72b64976f03.tif</src>
        <authentication>ed45f29249cc11e75f37e793dff39b9d</authentication>
      </file>
      <file fileId="44338" order="2">
        <src>https://omeka.wilkes.edu/omeka/files/original/ace85b22ee8c5989fcead5a2b4348720.tif</src>
        <authentication>66ea27605d111113fb2796f5cbb334bf</authentication>
      </file>
    </fileContainer>
    <collection collectionId="21">
      <elementSetContainer>
        <elementSet elementSetId="1">
          <name>Dublin Core</name>
          <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
          <elementContainer>
            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="366870">
                  <text>&lt;em&gt;Photographic History of Hard Coal Mining in Northeastern Pennsylvania, late 1800s-mid 1900s&lt;/em&gt; collection</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="49">
              <name>Subject</name>
              <description>The topic of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="366871">
                  <text>Wilkes-Barre (Pa.) &#13;
Anthracite coal industry--Pennsylvania--History--Sources. &#13;
Anthracite mines and mining &#13;
Wyoming Valley (Pa.)--1860-1890. &#13;
Wyoming Valley (Pa.)--1900-1910. &#13;
Wyoming Valley (Pa.)--History. </text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="41">
              <name>Description</name>
              <description>An account of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="366872">
                  <text>&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Description from the Exhibit Introduction: &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Photographic History of Hard Coal Mining in Northeastern Pennsylvania &lt;/em&gt;was a Sordoni Art Gallery exhibit in 1976 that featured the original photographs taken by Ralph E. DeWitt, a prominent local photographer who captured the era of anthracite mining in Northeastern Pennsylvania from the late 1800s to the early 1900s. There was an emphasis on the mines and mining operations, and of the miner's lives, homes, and families.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Anthracite coal provided the United States with over 75% of its energy needs from the early 1800s to the mid-1900's. Ninety-five percent of this country's anthracite (and 90% of the world's) is found in nine counties in northeastern Pennsylvania. Thus for over a century the land and people of this small geographic area gave us the power to light and heat our homes, run our factories and carry us through the Industrial Revolution, World War I and II, and the Great Depression. From their point of view, during this same 125-year period, anthracite coal mining was the dominant factor shaping the social, economic, and physical environment of the area and its hard working miners who had co me from all parts of Europe in search of economic advancement. Their rich mixture of backgrounds and cultures combined with the rigors of the mining trade to produce the unique character of the anthracite region of northeastern Pennsylvania." &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The exhibition consisted of sixty-one black and white photographs documenting various aspects of mining life.&lt;/p&gt;</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="39">
              <name>Creator</name>
              <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="366873">
                  <text>Photographs were taken by Ralph E. DeWitt, a local photographer. Ralph E. DeWitt (June 10, 1885-March 30, 1979) was born in Wilkes-Barre, PA to  John and Rosanna Gunton DeWitt. He graduated from the Henry Hillman Academy in Wilkes-Barre, and received his degree from Syracuse University. He was a well-known photographer in the Wyoming Valley for over 50 years, with studios in Wilkes-Barre and Forty Fort. he lived in Forty Fort from 1905 to 1965. He was a member of the First Presbyterian Church, Wilkes-Barre Rotary Club, and the Concordia Society.  Exhibit was created by Cara M. Berryman, Exhibitions Coordinator, and William A. Siener, director of the Wyoming Valley Historical and Geological Society, acted as a consultant. </text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="40">
              <name>Date</name>
              <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="366874">
                  <text>Photographs are from late 19th-early 20th century. Exhibit was done in 1976. </text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="37">
              <name>Contributor</name>
              <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="366875">
                  <text>Exhibition was funded by grants from the National Endowment for the Arts and the Pennsylvania Council on the Arts. </text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="47">
              <name>Rights</name>
              <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="366876">
                  <text>All of these Ralph DeWitt photographs are in the public domain. </text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="42">
              <name>Format</name>
              <description>The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="366877">
                  <text>TIF files </text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="51">
              <name>Type</name>
              <description>The nature or genre of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="366878">
                  <text>Photographs</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
          </elementContainer>
        </elementSet>
      </elementSetContainer>
    </collection>
    <elementSetContainer>
      <elementSet elementSetId="1">
        <name>Dublin Core</name>
        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
        <elementContainer>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="367225">
                <text>Cave-in-Post Office on 8th Street in Wyoming, PA, 1937</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="367226">
                <text>Ralph E. DeWitt, 1885-1979</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="367227">
                <text>1937</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="47">
            <name>Rights</name>
            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="367228">
                <text>Ralph E. DeWitt photographs are in the public domain. </text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="42">
            <name>Format</name>
            <description>The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="367229">
                <text>TIF files</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="44">
            <name>Language</name>
            <description>A language of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="367230">
                <text>English</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="51">
            <name>Type</name>
            <description>The nature or genre of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="367231">
                <text>Photograph</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
        </elementContainer>
      </elementSet>
    </elementSetContainer>
  </item>
  <item itemId="48862" public="1" featured="1">
    <fileContainer>
      <file fileId="44384" order="1">
        <src>https://omeka.wilkes.edu/omeka/files/original/aa97e9ab529df561023323a073e7b724.tif</src>
        <authentication>980c927040be7ce1ca153aacd9cbb0d8</authentication>
      </file>
      <file fileId="44340" order="2">
        <src>https://omeka.wilkes.edu/omeka/files/original/80373176c97d31674f3993deecf3cfbd.tif</src>
        <authentication>2b47642c8251066c5f6b79b452e34514</authentication>
      </file>
    </fileContainer>
    <collection collectionId="21">
      <elementSetContainer>
        <elementSet elementSetId="1">
          <name>Dublin Core</name>
          <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
          <elementContainer>
            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="366870">
                  <text>&lt;em&gt;Photographic History of Hard Coal Mining in Northeastern Pennsylvania, late 1800s-mid 1900s&lt;/em&gt; collection</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="49">
              <name>Subject</name>
              <description>The topic of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="366871">
                  <text>Wilkes-Barre (Pa.) &#13;
Anthracite coal industry--Pennsylvania--History--Sources. &#13;
Anthracite mines and mining &#13;
Wyoming Valley (Pa.)--1860-1890. &#13;
Wyoming Valley (Pa.)--1900-1910. &#13;
Wyoming Valley (Pa.)--History. </text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="41">
              <name>Description</name>
              <description>An account of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="366872">
                  <text>&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Description from the Exhibit Introduction: &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Photographic History of Hard Coal Mining in Northeastern Pennsylvania &lt;/em&gt;was a Sordoni Art Gallery exhibit in 1976 that featured the original photographs taken by Ralph E. DeWitt, a prominent local photographer who captured the era of anthracite mining in Northeastern Pennsylvania from the late 1800s to the early 1900s. There was an emphasis on the mines and mining operations, and of the miner's lives, homes, and families.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Anthracite coal provided the United States with over 75% of its energy needs from the early 1800s to the mid-1900's. Ninety-five percent of this country's anthracite (and 90% of the world's) is found in nine counties in northeastern Pennsylvania. Thus for over a century the land and people of this small geographic area gave us the power to light and heat our homes, run our factories and carry us through the Industrial Revolution, World War I and II, and the Great Depression. From their point of view, during this same 125-year period, anthracite coal mining was the dominant factor shaping the social, economic, and physical environment of the area and its hard working miners who had co me from all parts of Europe in search of economic advancement. Their rich mixture of backgrounds and cultures combined with the rigors of the mining trade to produce the unique character of the anthracite region of northeastern Pennsylvania." &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The exhibition consisted of sixty-one black and white photographs documenting various aspects of mining life.&lt;/p&gt;</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="39">
              <name>Creator</name>
              <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="366873">
                  <text>Photographs were taken by Ralph E. DeWitt, a local photographer. Ralph E. DeWitt (June 10, 1885-March 30, 1979) was born in Wilkes-Barre, PA to  John and Rosanna Gunton DeWitt. He graduated from the Henry Hillman Academy in Wilkes-Barre, and received his degree from Syracuse University. He was a well-known photographer in the Wyoming Valley for over 50 years, with studios in Wilkes-Barre and Forty Fort. he lived in Forty Fort from 1905 to 1965. He was a member of the First Presbyterian Church, Wilkes-Barre Rotary Club, and the Concordia Society.  Exhibit was created by Cara M. Berryman, Exhibitions Coordinator, and William A. Siener, director of the Wyoming Valley Historical and Geological Society, acted as a consultant. </text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="40">
              <name>Date</name>
              <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="366874">
                  <text>Photographs are from late 19th-early 20th century. Exhibit was done in 1976. </text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="37">
              <name>Contributor</name>
              <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="366875">
                  <text>Exhibition was funded by grants from the National Endowment for the Arts and the Pennsylvania Council on the Arts. </text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="47">
              <name>Rights</name>
              <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="366876">
                  <text>All of these Ralph DeWitt photographs are in the public domain. </text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="42">
              <name>Format</name>
              <description>The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="366877">
                  <text>TIF files </text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="51">
              <name>Type</name>
              <description>The nature or genre of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="366878">
                  <text>Photographs</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
          </elementContainer>
        </elementSet>
      </elementSetContainer>
    </collection>
    <elementSetContainer>
      <elementSet elementSetId="1">
        <name>Dublin Core</name>
        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
        <elementContainer>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="367232">
                <text>Check Weighman and Check Docking Boss, unknown location, 1916</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="367233">
                <text>Ralph E. DeWitt, 1885-1979</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="367234">
                <text>1916</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="47">
            <name>Rights</name>
            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="367235">
                <text>Ralph E. DeWitt photographs are in the public domain. &#13;
</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="42">
            <name>Format</name>
            <description>The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="367236">
                <text>TIF files</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="44">
            <name>Language</name>
            <description>A language of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="367237">
                <text>English</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="51">
            <name>Type</name>
            <description>The nature or genre of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="367238">
                <text>Photograph</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
        </elementContainer>
      </elementSet>
    </elementSetContainer>
  </item>
  <item itemId="48863" public="1" featured="1">
    <fileContainer>
      <file fileId="44382" order="1">
        <src>https://omeka.wilkes.edu/omeka/files/original/ea4b00c45813913e75013cfeee1ed4c2.tif</src>
        <authentication>e278115350e35a68bb29a19f76cf75b8</authentication>
      </file>
      <file fileId="44342" order="2">
        <src>https://omeka.wilkes.edu/omeka/files/original/323b30b0d54ce2c0de60a65d87d76eb6.tif</src>
        <authentication>eb611e61fdeacf4648edce0505b2f13b</authentication>
      </file>
    </fileContainer>
    <collection collectionId="21">
      <elementSetContainer>
        <elementSet elementSetId="1">
          <name>Dublin Core</name>
          <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
          <elementContainer>
            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="366870">
                  <text>&lt;em&gt;Photographic History of Hard Coal Mining in Northeastern Pennsylvania, late 1800s-mid 1900s&lt;/em&gt; collection</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="49">
              <name>Subject</name>
              <description>The topic of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="366871">
                  <text>Wilkes-Barre (Pa.) &#13;
Anthracite coal industry--Pennsylvania--History--Sources. &#13;
Anthracite mines and mining &#13;
Wyoming Valley (Pa.)--1860-1890. &#13;
Wyoming Valley (Pa.)--1900-1910. &#13;
Wyoming Valley (Pa.)--History. </text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="41">
              <name>Description</name>
              <description>An account of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="366872">
                  <text>&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Description from the Exhibit Introduction: &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Photographic History of Hard Coal Mining in Northeastern Pennsylvania &lt;/em&gt;was a Sordoni Art Gallery exhibit in 1976 that featured the original photographs taken by Ralph E. DeWitt, a prominent local photographer who captured the era of anthracite mining in Northeastern Pennsylvania from the late 1800s to the early 1900s. There was an emphasis on the mines and mining operations, and of the miner's lives, homes, and families.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Anthracite coal provided the United States with over 75% of its energy needs from the early 1800s to the mid-1900's. Ninety-five percent of this country's anthracite (and 90% of the world's) is found in nine counties in northeastern Pennsylvania. Thus for over a century the land and people of this small geographic area gave us the power to light and heat our homes, run our factories and carry us through the Industrial Revolution, World War I and II, and the Great Depression. From their point of view, during this same 125-year period, anthracite coal mining was the dominant factor shaping the social, economic, and physical environment of the area and its hard working miners who had co me from all parts of Europe in search of economic advancement. Their rich mixture of backgrounds and cultures combined with the rigors of the mining trade to produce the unique character of the anthracite region of northeastern Pennsylvania." &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The exhibition consisted of sixty-one black and white photographs documenting various aspects of mining life.&lt;/p&gt;</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="39">
              <name>Creator</name>
              <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="366873">
                  <text>Photographs were taken by Ralph E. DeWitt, a local photographer. Ralph E. DeWitt (June 10, 1885-March 30, 1979) was born in Wilkes-Barre, PA to  John and Rosanna Gunton DeWitt. He graduated from the Henry Hillman Academy in Wilkes-Barre, and received his degree from Syracuse University. He was a well-known photographer in the Wyoming Valley for over 50 years, with studios in Wilkes-Barre and Forty Fort. he lived in Forty Fort from 1905 to 1965. He was a member of the First Presbyterian Church, Wilkes-Barre Rotary Club, and the Concordia Society.  Exhibit was created by Cara M. Berryman, Exhibitions Coordinator, and William A. Siener, director of the Wyoming Valley Historical and Geological Society, acted as a consultant. </text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="40">
              <name>Date</name>
              <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="366874">
                  <text>Photographs are from late 19th-early 20th century. Exhibit was done in 1976. </text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="37">
              <name>Contributor</name>
              <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="366875">
                  <text>Exhibition was funded by grants from the National Endowment for the Arts and the Pennsylvania Council on the Arts. </text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="47">
              <name>Rights</name>
              <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="366876">
                  <text>All of these Ralph DeWitt photographs are in the public domain. </text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="42">
              <name>Format</name>
              <description>The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="366877">
                  <text>TIF files </text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="51">
              <name>Type</name>
              <description>The nature or genre of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="366878">
                  <text>Photographs</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
          </elementContainer>
        </elementSet>
      </elementSetContainer>
    </collection>
    <elementSetContainer>
      <elementSet elementSetId="1">
        <name>Dublin Core</name>
        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
        <elementContainer>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="367239">
                <text>Coal Inspector on Railroad Car with Breakman, unknown location, 1919</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="367240">
                <text>Ralph E. DeWitt, 1885-1979</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="367241">
                <text>1919</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="47">
            <name>Rights</name>
            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="367242">
                <text>Ralph E. DeWitt photographs are in the public domain. </text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="42">
            <name>Format</name>
            <description>The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="367243">
                <text>TIF files</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="44">
            <name>Language</name>
            <description>A language of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="367244">
                <text>English</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="51">
            <name>Type</name>
            <description>The nature or genre of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="367245">
                <text>Photograph</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
        </elementContainer>
      </elementSet>
    </elementSetContainer>
  </item>
  <item itemId="48864" public="1" featured="1">
    <fileContainer>
      <file fileId="44381" order="1">
        <src>https://omeka.wilkes.edu/omeka/files/original/77d60ad5763cfb227315d9d934d3e41a.tif</src>
        <authentication>91033a772e3136d7c9a246b831c33985</authentication>
      </file>
      <file fileId="44344" order="2">
        <src>https://omeka.wilkes.edu/omeka/files/original/12df73c6e26a0c094c048b22eea0463f.tif</src>
        <authentication>9b9d7f8374c19b89b24ed6bb7b211398</authentication>
      </file>
    </fileContainer>
    <collection collectionId="21">
      <elementSetContainer>
        <elementSet elementSetId="1">
          <name>Dublin Core</name>
          <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
          <elementContainer>
            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="366870">
                  <text>&lt;em&gt;Photographic History of Hard Coal Mining in Northeastern Pennsylvania, late 1800s-mid 1900s&lt;/em&gt; collection</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="49">
              <name>Subject</name>
              <description>The topic of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="366871">
                  <text>Wilkes-Barre (Pa.) &#13;
Anthracite coal industry--Pennsylvania--History--Sources. &#13;
Anthracite mines and mining &#13;
Wyoming Valley (Pa.)--1860-1890. &#13;
Wyoming Valley (Pa.)--1900-1910. &#13;
Wyoming Valley (Pa.)--History. </text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="41">
              <name>Description</name>
              <description>An account of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="366872">
                  <text>&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Description from the Exhibit Introduction: &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Photographic History of Hard Coal Mining in Northeastern Pennsylvania &lt;/em&gt;was a Sordoni Art Gallery exhibit in 1976 that featured the original photographs taken by Ralph E. DeWitt, a prominent local photographer who captured the era of anthracite mining in Northeastern Pennsylvania from the late 1800s to the early 1900s. There was an emphasis on the mines and mining operations, and of the miner's lives, homes, and families.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Anthracite coal provided the United States with over 75% of its energy needs from the early 1800s to the mid-1900's. Ninety-five percent of this country's anthracite (and 90% of the world's) is found in nine counties in northeastern Pennsylvania. Thus for over a century the land and people of this small geographic area gave us the power to light and heat our homes, run our factories and carry us through the Industrial Revolution, World War I and II, and the Great Depression. From their point of view, during this same 125-year period, anthracite coal mining was the dominant factor shaping the social, economic, and physical environment of the area and its hard working miners who had co me from all parts of Europe in search of economic advancement. Their rich mixture of backgrounds and cultures combined with the rigors of the mining trade to produce the unique character of the anthracite region of northeastern Pennsylvania." &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The exhibition consisted of sixty-one black and white photographs documenting various aspects of mining life.&lt;/p&gt;</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="39">
              <name>Creator</name>
              <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="366873">
                  <text>Photographs were taken by Ralph E. DeWitt, a local photographer. Ralph E. DeWitt (June 10, 1885-March 30, 1979) was born in Wilkes-Barre, PA to  John and Rosanna Gunton DeWitt. He graduated from the Henry Hillman Academy in Wilkes-Barre, and received his degree from Syracuse University. He was a well-known photographer in the Wyoming Valley for over 50 years, with studios in Wilkes-Barre and Forty Fort. he lived in Forty Fort from 1905 to 1965. He was a member of the First Presbyterian Church, Wilkes-Barre Rotary Club, and the Concordia Society.  Exhibit was created by Cara M. Berryman, Exhibitions Coordinator, and William A. Siener, director of the Wyoming Valley Historical and Geological Society, acted as a consultant. </text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="40">
              <name>Date</name>
              <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="366874">
                  <text>Photographs are from late 19th-early 20th century. Exhibit was done in 1976. </text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="37">
              <name>Contributor</name>
              <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="366875">
                  <text>Exhibition was funded by grants from the National Endowment for the Arts and the Pennsylvania Council on the Arts. </text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="47">
              <name>Rights</name>
              <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="366876">
                  <text>All of these Ralph DeWitt photographs are in the public domain. </text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="42">
              <name>Format</name>
              <description>The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="366877">
                  <text>TIF files </text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="51">
              <name>Type</name>
              <description>The nature or genre of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="366878">
                  <text>Photographs</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
          </elementContainer>
        </elementSet>
      </elementSetContainer>
    </collection>
    <elementSetContainer>
      <elementSet elementSetId="1">
        <name>Dublin Core</name>
        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
        <elementContainer>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="367246">
                <text>Hopper Car Being Loaded in #4 Breaker, unknown location, 1919</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="367247">
                <text>Ralph E. DeWitt, 1885-1979</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="367248">
                <text>1919</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="47">
            <name>Rights</name>
            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="367249">
                <text>Ralph E.  DeWitt photographs are in the public domain. </text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="42">
            <name>Format</name>
            <description>The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="367250">
                <text>TIF files</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="44">
            <name>Language</name>
            <description>A language of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="367251">
                <text>English</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="51">
            <name>Type</name>
            <description>The nature or genre of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="367252">
                <text>Photograph</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
        </elementContainer>
      </elementSet>
    </elementSetContainer>
  </item>
  <item itemId="48865" public="1" featured="1">
    <fileContainer>
      <file fileId="44380" order="1">
        <src>https://omeka.wilkes.edu/omeka/files/original/c6f94d44b4e2e5066d2c88d755aac17d.tif</src>
        <authentication>89dfc93263443b46b3e70cb378dda9c9</authentication>
      </file>
      <file fileId="44346" order="2">
        <src>https://omeka.wilkes.edu/omeka/files/original/e8124f58b8e18268fa878c282bc10fad.tif</src>
        <authentication>780c832dd2fc212f6cd17cee8df74b9f</authentication>
      </file>
    </fileContainer>
    <collection collectionId="21">
      <elementSetContainer>
        <elementSet elementSetId="1">
          <name>Dublin Core</name>
          <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
          <elementContainer>
            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="366870">
                  <text>&lt;em&gt;Photographic History of Hard Coal Mining in Northeastern Pennsylvania, late 1800s-mid 1900s&lt;/em&gt; collection</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="49">
              <name>Subject</name>
              <description>The topic of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="366871">
                  <text>Wilkes-Barre (Pa.) &#13;
Anthracite coal industry--Pennsylvania--History--Sources. &#13;
Anthracite mines and mining &#13;
Wyoming Valley (Pa.)--1860-1890. &#13;
Wyoming Valley (Pa.)--1900-1910. &#13;
Wyoming Valley (Pa.)--History. </text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="41">
              <name>Description</name>
              <description>An account of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="366872">
                  <text>&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Description from the Exhibit Introduction: &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Photographic History of Hard Coal Mining in Northeastern Pennsylvania &lt;/em&gt;was a Sordoni Art Gallery exhibit in 1976 that featured the original photographs taken by Ralph E. DeWitt, a prominent local photographer who captured the era of anthracite mining in Northeastern Pennsylvania from the late 1800s to the early 1900s. There was an emphasis on the mines and mining operations, and of the miner's lives, homes, and families.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Anthracite coal provided the United States with over 75% of its energy needs from the early 1800s to the mid-1900's. Ninety-five percent of this country's anthracite (and 90% of the world's) is found in nine counties in northeastern Pennsylvania. Thus for over a century the land and people of this small geographic area gave us the power to light and heat our homes, run our factories and carry us through the Industrial Revolution, World War I and II, and the Great Depression. From their point of view, during this same 125-year period, anthracite coal mining was the dominant factor shaping the social, economic, and physical environment of the area and its hard working miners who had co me from all parts of Europe in search of economic advancement. Their rich mixture of backgrounds and cultures combined with the rigors of the mining trade to produce the unique character of the anthracite region of northeastern Pennsylvania." &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The exhibition consisted of sixty-one black and white photographs documenting various aspects of mining life.&lt;/p&gt;</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="39">
              <name>Creator</name>
              <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="366873">
                  <text>Photographs were taken by Ralph E. DeWitt, a local photographer. Ralph E. DeWitt (June 10, 1885-March 30, 1979) was born in Wilkes-Barre, PA to  John and Rosanna Gunton DeWitt. He graduated from the Henry Hillman Academy in Wilkes-Barre, and received his degree from Syracuse University. He was a well-known photographer in the Wyoming Valley for over 50 years, with studios in Wilkes-Barre and Forty Fort. he lived in Forty Fort from 1905 to 1965. He was a member of the First Presbyterian Church, Wilkes-Barre Rotary Club, and the Concordia Society.  Exhibit was created by Cara M. Berryman, Exhibitions Coordinator, and William A. Siener, director of the Wyoming Valley Historical and Geological Society, acted as a consultant. </text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="40">
              <name>Date</name>
              <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="366874">
                  <text>Photographs are from late 19th-early 20th century. Exhibit was done in 1976. </text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="37">
              <name>Contributor</name>
              <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="366875">
                  <text>Exhibition was funded by grants from the National Endowment for the Arts and the Pennsylvania Council on the Arts. </text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="47">
              <name>Rights</name>
              <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="366876">
                  <text>All of these Ralph DeWitt photographs are in the public domain. </text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="42">
              <name>Format</name>
              <description>The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="366877">
                  <text>TIF files </text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="51">
              <name>Type</name>
              <description>The nature or genre of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="366878">
                  <text>Photographs</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
          </elementContainer>
        </elementSet>
      </elementSetContainer>
    </collection>
    <elementSetContainer>
      <elementSet elementSetId="1">
        <name>Dublin Core</name>
        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
        <elementContainer>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="367253">
                <text>Mule-Drawn First-Aid Wagon in Kingston, PA, 1917</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="367254">
                <text>Ralph E. DeWitt, 1885-1979</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="367255">
                <text>1919</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="47">
            <name>Rights</name>
            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="367256">
                <text>Ralph E. DeWitt photographs are in the public domain. </text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="42">
            <name>Format</name>
            <description>The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="367257">
                <text>TIF files</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="44">
            <name>Language</name>
            <description>A language of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="367258">
                <text>English</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="51">
            <name>Type</name>
            <description>The nature or genre of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="367259">
                <text>Photograph</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
        </elementContainer>
      </elementSet>
    </elementSetContainer>
  </item>
  <item itemId="48866" public="1" featured="1">
    <fileContainer>
      <file fileId="44379" order="1">
        <src>https://omeka.wilkes.edu/omeka/files/original/dfcb9e4602d0e37a634666294377e62d.tif</src>
        <authentication>a55a98fbdc4f175bca7b2b866150875a</authentication>
      </file>
      <file fileId="44348" order="2">
        <src>https://omeka.wilkes.edu/omeka/files/original/9fa3a0f4f07918302f4b9f2a86fed4b8.tif</src>
        <authentication>f1a9995f9948783484c83b023685b54e</authentication>
      </file>
    </fileContainer>
    <collection collectionId="21">
      <elementSetContainer>
        <elementSet elementSetId="1">
          <name>Dublin Core</name>
          <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
          <elementContainer>
            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="366870">
                  <text>&lt;em&gt;Photographic History of Hard Coal Mining in Northeastern Pennsylvania, late 1800s-mid 1900s&lt;/em&gt; collection</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="49">
              <name>Subject</name>
              <description>The topic of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="366871">
                  <text>Wilkes-Barre (Pa.) &#13;
Anthracite coal industry--Pennsylvania--History--Sources. &#13;
Anthracite mines and mining &#13;
Wyoming Valley (Pa.)--1860-1890. &#13;
Wyoming Valley (Pa.)--1900-1910. &#13;
Wyoming Valley (Pa.)--History. </text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="41">
              <name>Description</name>
              <description>An account of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="366872">
                  <text>&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Description from the Exhibit Introduction: &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Photographic History of Hard Coal Mining in Northeastern Pennsylvania &lt;/em&gt;was a Sordoni Art Gallery exhibit in 1976 that featured the original photographs taken by Ralph E. DeWitt, a prominent local photographer who captured the era of anthracite mining in Northeastern Pennsylvania from the late 1800s to the early 1900s. There was an emphasis on the mines and mining operations, and of the miner's lives, homes, and families.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Anthracite coal provided the United States with over 75% of its energy needs from the early 1800s to the mid-1900's. Ninety-five percent of this country's anthracite (and 90% of the world's) is found in nine counties in northeastern Pennsylvania. Thus for over a century the land and people of this small geographic area gave us the power to light and heat our homes, run our factories and carry us through the Industrial Revolution, World War I and II, and the Great Depression. From their point of view, during this same 125-year period, anthracite coal mining was the dominant factor shaping the social, economic, and physical environment of the area and its hard working miners who had co me from all parts of Europe in search of economic advancement. Their rich mixture of backgrounds and cultures combined with the rigors of the mining trade to produce the unique character of the anthracite region of northeastern Pennsylvania." &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The exhibition consisted of sixty-one black and white photographs documenting various aspects of mining life.&lt;/p&gt;</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="39">
              <name>Creator</name>
              <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="366873">
                  <text>Photographs were taken by Ralph E. DeWitt, a local photographer. Ralph E. DeWitt (June 10, 1885-March 30, 1979) was born in Wilkes-Barre, PA to  John and Rosanna Gunton DeWitt. He graduated from the Henry Hillman Academy in Wilkes-Barre, and received his degree from Syracuse University. He was a well-known photographer in the Wyoming Valley for over 50 years, with studios in Wilkes-Barre and Forty Fort. he lived in Forty Fort from 1905 to 1965. He was a member of the First Presbyterian Church, Wilkes-Barre Rotary Club, and the Concordia Society.  Exhibit was created by Cara M. Berryman, Exhibitions Coordinator, and William A. Siener, director of the Wyoming Valley Historical and Geological Society, acted as a consultant. </text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="40">
              <name>Date</name>
              <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="366874">
                  <text>Photographs are from late 19th-early 20th century. Exhibit was done in 1976. </text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="37">
              <name>Contributor</name>
              <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="366875">
                  <text>Exhibition was funded by grants from the National Endowment for the Arts and the Pennsylvania Council on the Arts. </text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="47">
              <name>Rights</name>
              <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="366876">
                  <text>All of these Ralph DeWitt photographs are in the public domain. </text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="42">
              <name>Format</name>
              <description>The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="366877">
                  <text>TIF files </text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="51">
              <name>Type</name>
              <description>The nature or genre of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="366878">
                  <text>Photographs</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
          </elementContainer>
        </elementSet>
      </elementSetContainer>
    </collection>
    <elementSetContainer>
      <elementSet elementSetId="1">
        <name>Dublin Core</name>
        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
        <elementContainer>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="367260">
                <text>Kindergarten School Children at Play in the Yard in Edwardsville, PA, 1917</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="367261">
                <text>Ralph E. DeWitt, 1885-1979</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="367262">
                <text>1917</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="47">
            <name>Rights</name>
            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="367263">
                <text>Ralph E. DeWitt photographs are in the public domain. </text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="42">
            <name>Format</name>
            <description>The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="367264">
                <text>TIF files</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="44">
            <name>Language</name>
            <description>A language of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="367265">
                <text>English</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="51">
            <name>Type</name>
            <description>The nature or genre of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="367266">
                <text>Photograph</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
        </elementContainer>
      </elementSet>
    </elementSetContainer>
  </item>
  <item itemId="48867" public="1" featured="1">
    <fileContainer>
      <file fileId="44378" order="1">
        <src>https://omeka.wilkes.edu/omeka/files/original/cf7f74f324ae181a5c706e71be7ffa82.tif</src>
        <authentication>b7dbfbe040e91545989c8ba66d40605d</authentication>
      </file>
      <file fileId="44350" order="2">
        <src>https://omeka.wilkes.edu/omeka/files/original/95e6ded7aba68d4c8f897c0cb4baf753.tif</src>
        <authentication>a3e6b0c896d6791ec21e50ae01487eb1</authentication>
      </file>
    </fileContainer>
    <collection collectionId="21">
      <elementSetContainer>
        <elementSet elementSetId="1">
          <name>Dublin Core</name>
          <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
          <elementContainer>
            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="366870">
                  <text>&lt;em&gt;Photographic History of Hard Coal Mining in Northeastern Pennsylvania, late 1800s-mid 1900s&lt;/em&gt; collection</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="49">
              <name>Subject</name>
              <description>The topic of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="366871">
                  <text>Wilkes-Barre (Pa.) &#13;
Anthracite coal industry--Pennsylvania--History--Sources. &#13;
Anthracite mines and mining &#13;
Wyoming Valley (Pa.)--1860-1890. &#13;
Wyoming Valley (Pa.)--1900-1910. &#13;
Wyoming Valley (Pa.)--History. </text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="41">
              <name>Description</name>
              <description>An account of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="366872">
                  <text>&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Description from the Exhibit Introduction: &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Photographic History of Hard Coal Mining in Northeastern Pennsylvania &lt;/em&gt;was a Sordoni Art Gallery exhibit in 1976 that featured the original photographs taken by Ralph E. DeWitt, a prominent local photographer who captured the era of anthracite mining in Northeastern Pennsylvania from the late 1800s to the early 1900s. There was an emphasis on the mines and mining operations, and of the miner's lives, homes, and families.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Anthracite coal provided the United States with over 75% of its energy needs from the early 1800s to the mid-1900's. Ninety-five percent of this country's anthracite (and 90% of the world's) is found in nine counties in northeastern Pennsylvania. Thus for over a century the land and people of this small geographic area gave us the power to light and heat our homes, run our factories and carry us through the Industrial Revolution, World War I and II, and the Great Depression. From their point of view, during this same 125-year period, anthracite coal mining was the dominant factor shaping the social, economic, and physical environment of the area and its hard working miners who had co me from all parts of Europe in search of economic advancement. Their rich mixture of backgrounds and cultures combined with the rigors of the mining trade to produce the unique character of the anthracite region of northeastern Pennsylvania." &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The exhibition consisted of sixty-one black and white photographs documenting various aspects of mining life.&lt;/p&gt;</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="39">
              <name>Creator</name>
              <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="366873">
                  <text>Photographs were taken by Ralph E. DeWitt, a local photographer. Ralph E. DeWitt (June 10, 1885-March 30, 1979) was born in Wilkes-Barre, PA to  John and Rosanna Gunton DeWitt. He graduated from the Henry Hillman Academy in Wilkes-Barre, and received his degree from Syracuse University. He was a well-known photographer in the Wyoming Valley for over 50 years, with studios in Wilkes-Barre and Forty Fort. he lived in Forty Fort from 1905 to 1965. He was a member of the First Presbyterian Church, Wilkes-Barre Rotary Club, and the Concordia Society.  Exhibit was created by Cara M. Berryman, Exhibitions Coordinator, and William A. Siener, director of the Wyoming Valley Historical and Geological Society, acted as a consultant. </text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="40">
              <name>Date</name>
              <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="366874">
                  <text>Photographs are from late 19th-early 20th century. Exhibit was done in 1976. </text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="37">
              <name>Contributor</name>
              <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="366875">
                  <text>Exhibition was funded by grants from the National Endowment for the Arts and the Pennsylvania Council on the Arts. </text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="47">
              <name>Rights</name>
              <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="366876">
                  <text>All of these Ralph DeWitt photographs are in the public domain. </text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="42">
              <name>Format</name>
              <description>The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="366877">
                  <text>TIF files </text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="51">
              <name>Type</name>
              <description>The nature or genre of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="366878">
                  <text>Photographs</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
          </elementContainer>
        </elementSet>
      </elementSetContainer>
    </collection>
    <elementSetContainer>
      <elementSet elementSetId="1">
        <name>Dublin Core</name>
        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
        <elementContainer>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="367267">
                <text>Kingston Coal Company Playground in Kingston, PA, 1939</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="367268">
                <text>Ralph E. DeWitt, 1885-1979</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="367269">
                <text>1939</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="47">
            <name>Rights</name>
            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="367270">
                <text>Ralph E. DeWitt photographs are in the public domain. </text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="42">
            <name>Format</name>
            <description>The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="367271">
                <text>TIF files</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="44">
            <name>Language</name>
            <description>A language of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="367272">
                <text>English</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="51">
            <name>Type</name>
            <description>The nature or genre of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="367273">
                <text>Photograph</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
        </elementContainer>
      </elementSet>
    </elementSetContainer>
  </item>
  <item itemId="48868" public="1" featured="1">
    <fileContainer>
      <file fileId="44377" order="1">
        <src>https://omeka.wilkes.edu/omeka/files/original/bdb04601f31161a1775cc037d83f3c0e.tif</src>
        <authentication>dbb9ba906e6ad2ede1fe0edaa43787af</authentication>
      </file>
      <file fileId="44352" order="2">
        <src>https://omeka.wilkes.edu/omeka/files/original/af9a5fcc5d65798988250229e095f709.tif</src>
        <authentication>db798d8ae6aa64d52fb65241a33b9c15</authentication>
      </file>
    </fileContainer>
    <collection collectionId="21">
      <elementSetContainer>
        <elementSet elementSetId="1">
          <name>Dublin Core</name>
          <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
          <elementContainer>
            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="366870">
                  <text>&lt;em&gt;Photographic History of Hard Coal Mining in Northeastern Pennsylvania, late 1800s-mid 1900s&lt;/em&gt; collection</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="49">
              <name>Subject</name>
              <description>The topic of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="366871">
                  <text>Wilkes-Barre (Pa.) &#13;
Anthracite coal industry--Pennsylvania--History--Sources. &#13;
Anthracite mines and mining &#13;
Wyoming Valley (Pa.)--1860-1890. &#13;
Wyoming Valley (Pa.)--1900-1910. &#13;
Wyoming Valley (Pa.)--History. </text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="41">
              <name>Description</name>
              <description>An account of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="366872">
                  <text>&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Description from the Exhibit Introduction: &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Photographic History of Hard Coal Mining in Northeastern Pennsylvania &lt;/em&gt;was a Sordoni Art Gallery exhibit in 1976 that featured the original photographs taken by Ralph E. DeWitt, a prominent local photographer who captured the era of anthracite mining in Northeastern Pennsylvania from the late 1800s to the early 1900s. There was an emphasis on the mines and mining operations, and of the miner's lives, homes, and families.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Anthracite coal provided the United States with over 75% of its energy needs from the early 1800s to the mid-1900's. Ninety-five percent of this country's anthracite (and 90% of the world's) is found in nine counties in northeastern Pennsylvania. Thus for over a century the land and people of this small geographic area gave us the power to light and heat our homes, run our factories and carry us through the Industrial Revolution, World War I and II, and the Great Depression. From their point of view, during this same 125-year period, anthracite coal mining was the dominant factor shaping the social, economic, and physical environment of the area and its hard working miners who had co me from all parts of Europe in search of economic advancement. Their rich mixture of backgrounds and cultures combined with the rigors of the mining trade to produce the unique character of the anthracite region of northeastern Pennsylvania." &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The exhibition consisted of sixty-one black and white photographs documenting various aspects of mining life.&lt;/p&gt;</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="39">
              <name>Creator</name>
              <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="366873">
                  <text>Photographs were taken by Ralph E. DeWitt, a local photographer. Ralph E. DeWitt (June 10, 1885-March 30, 1979) was born in Wilkes-Barre, PA to  John and Rosanna Gunton DeWitt. He graduated from the Henry Hillman Academy in Wilkes-Barre, and received his degree from Syracuse University. He was a well-known photographer in the Wyoming Valley for over 50 years, with studios in Wilkes-Barre and Forty Fort. he lived in Forty Fort from 1905 to 1965. He was a member of the First Presbyterian Church, Wilkes-Barre Rotary Club, and the Concordia Society.  Exhibit was created by Cara M. Berryman, Exhibitions Coordinator, and William A. Siener, director of the Wyoming Valley Historical and Geological Society, acted as a consultant. </text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="40">
              <name>Date</name>
              <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="366874">
                  <text>Photographs are from late 19th-early 20th century. Exhibit was done in 1976. </text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="37">
              <name>Contributor</name>
              <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="366875">
                  <text>Exhibition was funded by grants from the National Endowment for the Arts and the Pennsylvania Council on the Arts. </text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="47">
              <name>Rights</name>
              <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="366876">
                  <text>All of these Ralph DeWitt photographs are in the public domain. </text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="42">
              <name>Format</name>
              <description>The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="366877">
                  <text>TIF files </text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="51">
              <name>Type</name>
              <description>The nature or genre of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="366878">
                  <text>Photographs</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
          </elementContainer>
        </elementSet>
      </elementSetContainer>
    </collection>
    <elementSetContainer>
      <elementSet elementSetId="1">
        <name>Dublin Core</name>
        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
        <elementContainer>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="367274">
                <text>Kindergarten Class, unknown location, 1917</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="367275">
                <text>Ralph E. DeWitt, 1885-1979</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="367276">
                <text>1917</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="47">
            <name>Rights</name>
            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="367277">
                <text>Ralph E. DeWitt photographs are in the public domain. </text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="42">
            <name>Format</name>
            <description>The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="367278">
                <text>TIF files</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="44">
            <name>Language</name>
            <description>A language of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="367279">
                <text>English</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="51">
            <name>Type</name>
            <description>The nature or genre of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="367280">
                <text>Photograph</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
        </elementContainer>
      </elementSet>
    </elementSetContainer>
  </item>
  <item itemId="48869" public="1" featured="1">
    <fileContainer>
      <file fileId="44376" order="1">
        <src>https://omeka.wilkes.edu/omeka/files/original/cdfc7eb7d38ee7d8bc57bbee6b2f5f59.tif</src>
        <authentication>1c578f2e1121c6d344d0d0e7c4c13236</authentication>
      </file>
      <file fileId="44354" order="2">
        <src>https://omeka.wilkes.edu/omeka/files/original/6d9d3dc13896115f0e8ff1591fdd1e36.tif</src>
        <authentication>a893a7f4700bacb8a136d5910fde95c2</authentication>
      </file>
    </fileContainer>
    <collection collectionId="21">
      <elementSetContainer>
        <elementSet elementSetId="1">
          <name>Dublin Core</name>
          <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
          <elementContainer>
            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="366870">
                  <text>&lt;em&gt;Photographic History of Hard Coal Mining in Northeastern Pennsylvania, late 1800s-mid 1900s&lt;/em&gt; collection</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="49">
              <name>Subject</name>
              <description>The topic of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="366871">
                  <text>Wilkes-Barre (Pa.) &#13;
Anthracite coal industry--Pennsylvania--History--Sources. &#13;
Anthracite mines and mining &#13;
Wyoming Valley (Pa.)--1860-1890. &#13;
Wyoming Valley (Pa.)--1900-1910. &#13;
Wyoming Valley (Pa.)--History. </text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="41">
              <name>Description</name>
              <description>An account of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="366872">
                  <text>&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Description from the Exhibit Introduction: &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Photographic History of Hard Coal Mining in Northeastern Pennsylvania &lt;/em&gt;was a Sordoni Art Gallery exhibit in 1976 that featured the original photographs taken by Ralph E. DeWitt, a prominent local photographer who captured the era of anthracite mining in Northeastern Pennsylvania from the late 1800s to the early 1900s. There was an emphasis on the mines and mining operations, and of the miner's lives, homes, and families.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Anthracite coal provided the United States with over 75% of its energy needs from the early 1800s to the mid-1900's. Ninety-five percent of this country's anthracite (and 90% of the world's) is found in nine counties in northeastern Pennsylvania. Thus for over a century the land and people of this small geographic area gave us the power to light and heat our homes, run our factories and carry us through the Industrial Revolution, World War I and II, and the Great Depression. From their point of view, during this same 125-year period, anthracite coal mining was the dominant factor shaping the social, economic, and physical environment of the area and its hard working miners who had co me from all parts of Europe in search of economic advancement. Their rich mixture of backgrounds and cultures combined with the rigors of the mining trade to produce the unique character of the anthracite region of northeastern Pennsylvania." &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The exhibition consisted of sixty-one black and white photographs documenting various aspects of mining life.&lt;/p&gt;</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="39">
              <name>Creator</name>
              <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="366873">
                  <text>Photographs were taken by Ralph E. DeWitt, a local photographer. Ralph E. DeWitt (June 10, 1885-March 30, 1979) was born in Wilkes-Barre, PA to  John and Rosanna Gunton DeWitt. He graduated from the Henry Hillman Academy in Wilkes-Barre, and received his degree from Syracuse University. He was a well-known photographer in the Wyoming Valley for over 50 years, with studios in Wilkes-Barre and Forty Fort. he lived in Forty Fort from 1905 to 1965. He was a member of the First Presbyterian Church, Wilkes-Barre Rotary Club, and the Concordia Society.  Exhibit was created by Cara M. Berryman, Exhibitions Coordinator, and William A. Siener, director of the Wyoming Valley Historical and Geological Society, acted as a consultant. </text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="40">
              <name>Date</name>
              <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="366874">
                  <text>Photographs are from late 19th-early 20th century. Exhibit was done in 1976. </text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="37">
              <name>Contributor</name>
              <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="366875">
                  <text>Exhibition was funded by grants from the National Endowment for the Arts and the Pennsylvania Council on the Arts. </text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="47">
              <name>Rights</name>
              <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="366876">
                  <text>All of these Ralph DeWitt photographs are in the public domain. </text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="42">
              <name>Format</name>
              <description>The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="366877">
                  <text>TIF files </text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="51">
              <name>Type</name>
              <description>The nature or genre of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="366878">
                  <text>Photographs</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
          </elementContainer>
        </elementSet>
      </elementSetContainer>
    </collection>
    <elementSetContainer>
      <elementSet elementSetId="1">
        <name>Dublin Core</name>
        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
        <elementContainer>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="367281">
                <text>Bosses and Mine Safety Crew, unknown location, 1920</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="367282">
                <text>Ralph E. DeWitt, 1885-1979</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="367283">
                <text>1920</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="47">
            <name>Rights</name>
            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="367284">
                <text>Ralph E. DeWitt photographs are in the public domain. </text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="42">
            <name>Format</name>
            <description>The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="367285">
                <text>TIF files</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="44">
            <name>Language</name>
            <description>A language of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="367286">
                <text>English</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="51">
            <name>Type</name>
            <description>The nature or genre of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="367287">
                <text>Photograph</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
        </elementContainer>
      </elementSet>
    </elementSetContainer>
  </item>
  <item itemId="48870" public="1" featured="1">
    <fileContainer>
      <file fileId="44375" order="1">
        <src>https://omeka.wilkes.edu/omeka/files/original/729474f41de7be308747d71ec216dd19.tif</src>
        <authentication>02e236613b34297825ea74ec73387f5a</authentication>
      </file>
      <file fileId="44356" order="2">
        <src>https://omeka.wilkes.edu/omeka/files/original/1b3f669f43a1ee8dd6e4ba188125e671.tif</src>
        <authentication>5c0b29147b37eb04ea525344229199fa</authentication>
      </file>
    </fileContainer>
    <collection collectionId="21">
      <elementSetContainer>
        <elementSet elementSetId="1">
          <name>Dublin Core</name>
          <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
          <elementContainer>
            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="366870">
                  <text>&lt;em&gt;Photographic History of Hard Coal Mining in Northeastern Pennsylvania, late 1800s-mid 1900s&lt;/em&gt; collection</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="49">
              <name>Subject</name>
              <description>The topic of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="366871">
                  <text>Wilkes-Barre (Pa.) &#13;
Anthracite coal industry--Pennsylvania--History--Sources. &#13;
Anthracite mines and mining &#13;
Wyoming Valley (Pa.)--1860-1890. &#13;
Wyoming Valley (Pa.)--1900-1910. &#13;
Wyoming Valley (Pa.)--History. </text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="41">
              <name>Description</name>
              <description>An account of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="366872">
                  <text>&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Description from the Exhibit Introduction: &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Photographic History of Hard Coal Mining in Northeastern Pennsylvania &lt;/em&gt;was a Sordoni Art Gallery exhibit in 1976 that featured the original photographs taken by Ralph E. DeWitt, a prominent local photographer who captured the era of anthracite mining in Northeastern Pennsylvania from the late 1800s to the early 1900s. There was an emphasis on the mines and mining operations, and of the miner's lives, homes, and families.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Anthracite coal provided the United States with over 75% of its energy needs from the early 1800s to the mid-1900's. Ninety-five percent of this country's anthracite (and 90% of the world's) is found in nine counties in northeastern Pennsylvania. Thus for over a century the land and people of this small geographic area gave us the power to light and heat our homes, run our factories and carry us through the Industrial Revolution, World War I and II, and the Great Depression. From their point of view, during this same 125-year period, anthracite coal mining was the dominant factor shaping the social, economic, and physical environment of the area and its hard working miners who had co me from all parts of Europe in search of economic advancement. Their rich mixture of backgrounds and cultures combined with the rigors of the mining trade to produce the unique character of the anthracite region of northeastern Pennsylvania." &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The exhibition consisted of sixty-one black and white photographs documenting various aspects of mining life.&lt;/p&gt;</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="39">
              <name>Creator</name>
              <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="366873">
                  <text>Photographs were taken by Ralph E. DeWitt, a local photographer. Ralph E. DeWitt (June 10, 1885-March 30, 1979) was born in Wilkes-Barre, PA to  John and Rosanna Gunton DeWitt. He graduated from the Henry Hillman Academy in Wilkes-Barre, and received his degree from Syracuse University. He was a well-known photographer in the Wyoming Valley for over 50 years, with studios in Wilkes-Barre and Forty Fort. he lived in Forty Fort from 1905 to 1965. He was a member of the First Presbyterian Church, Wilkes-Barre Rotary Club, and the Concordia Society.  Exhibit was created by Cara M. Berryman, Exhibitions Coordinator, and William A. Siener, director of the Wyoming Valley Historical and Geological Society, acted as a consultant. </text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="40">
              <name>Date</name>
              <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="366874">
                  <text>Photographs are from late 19th-early 20th century. Exhibit was done in 1976. </text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="37">
              <name>Contributor</name>
              <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="366875">
                  <text>Exhibition was funded by grants from the National Endowment for the Arts and the Pennsylvania Council on the Arts. </text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="47">
              <name>Rights</name>
              <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="366876">
                  <text>All of these Ralph DeWitt photographs are in the public domain. </text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="42">
              <name>Format</name>
              <description>The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="366877">
                  <text>TIF files </text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="51">
              <name>Type</name>
              <description>The nature or genre of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="366878">
                  <text>Photographs</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
          </elementContainer>
        </elementSet>
      </elementSetContainer>
    </collection>
    <elementSetContainer>
      <elementSet elementSetId="1">
        <name>Dublin Core</name>
        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
        <elementContainer>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="367288">
                <text>Spiral Mechanical Picker #4 Breaker, unknown location, 1919</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="367289">
                <text>Ralph E. DeWitt, 1885-1979</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="367290">
                <text>1919</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="47">
            <name>Rights</name>
            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="367291">
                <text>Ralph E. DeWitt photographs are in the public domain. </text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="42">
            <name>Format</name>
            <description>The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="367292">
                <text>TIF files</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="44">
            <name>Language</name>
            <description>A language of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="367293">
                <text>English</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="51">
            <name>Type</name>
            <description>The nature or genre of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="367294">
                <text>Photograph</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
        </elementContainer>
      </elementSet>
    </elementSetContainer>
  </item>
  <item itemId="48871" public="1" featured="1">
    <fileContainer>
      <file fileId="44374" order="1">
        <src>https://omeka.wilkes.edu/omeka/files/original/ac0dac2855c8c985ca185f084a0ae4c7.tif</src>
        <authentication>5842863f53b3f860e17a5c81ee501e21</authentication>
      </file>
      <file fileId="44358" order="2">
        <src>https://omeka.wilkes.edu/omeka/files/original/4875ffb5c78a1e78d4e860a84c62d4be.tif</src>
        <authentication>abff3f908ccc204d4c17824d15ac481a</authentication>
      </file>
    </fileContainer>
    <collection collectionId="21">
      <elementSetContainer>
        <elementSet elementSetId="1">
          <name>Dublin Core</name>
          <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
          <elementContainer>
            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="366870">
                  <text>&lt;em&gt;Photographic History of Hard Coal Mining in Northeastern Pennsylvania, late 1800s-mid 1900s&lt;/em&gt; collection</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="49">
              <name>Subject</name>
              <description>The topic of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="366871">
                  <text>Wilkes-Barre (Pa.) &#13;
Anthracite coal industry--Pennsylvania--History--Sources. &#13;
Anthracite mines and mining &#13;
Wyoming Valley (Pa.)--1860-1890. &#13;
Wyoming Valley (Pa.)--1900-1910. &#13;
Wyoming Valley (Pa.)--History. </text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="41">
              <name>Description</name>
              <description>An account of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="366872">
                  <text>&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Description from the Exhibit Introduction: &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Photographic History of Hard Coal Mining in Northeastern Pennsylvania &lt;/em&gt;was a Sordoni Art Gallery exhibit in 1976 that featured the original photographs taken by Ralph E. DeWitt, a prominent local photographer who captured the era of anthracite mining in Northeastern Pennsylvania from the late 1800s to the early 1900s. There was an emphasis on the mines and mining operations, and of the miner's lives, homes, and families.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Anthracite coal provided the United States with over 75% of its energy needs from the early 1800s to the mid-1900's. Ninety-five percent of this country's anthracite (and 90% of the world's) is found in nine counties in northeastern Pennsylvania. Thus for over a century the land and people of this small geographic area gave us the power to light and heat our homes, run our factories and carry us through the Industrial Revolution, World War I and II, and the Great Depression. From their point of view, during this same 125-year period, anthracite coal mining was the dominant factor shaping the social, economic, and physical environment of the area and its hard working miners who had co me from all parts of Europe in search of economic advancement. Their rich mixture of backgrounds and cultures combined with the rigors of the mining trade to produce the unique character of the anthracite region of northeastern Pennsylvania." &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The exhibition consisted of sixty-one black and white photographs documenting various aspects of mining life.&lt;/p&gt;</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="39">
              <name>Creator</name>
              <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="366873">
                  <text>Photographs were taken by Ralph E. DeWitt, a local photographer. Ralph E. DeWitt (June 10, 1885-March 30, 1979) was born in Wilkes-Barre, PA to  John and Rosanna Gunton DeWitt. He graduated from the Henry Hillman Academy in Wilkes-Barre, and received his degree from Syracuse University. He was a well-known photographer in the Wyoming Valley for over 50 years, with studios in Wilkes-Barre and Forty Fort. he lived in Forty Fort from 1905 to 1965. He was a member of the First Presbyterian Church, Wilkes-Barre Rotary Club, and the Concordia Society.  Exhibit was created by Cara M. Berryman, Exhibitions Coordinator, and William A. Siener, director of the Wyoming Valley Historical and Geological Society, acted as a consultant. </text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="40">
              <name>Date</name>
              <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="366874">
                  <text>Photographs are from late 19th-early 20th century. Exhibit was done in 1976. </text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="37">
              <name>Contributor</name>
              <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="366875">
                  <text>Exhibition was funded by grants from the National Endowment for the Arts and the Pennsylvania Council on the Arts. </text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="47">
              <name>Rights</name>
              <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="366876">
                  <text>All of these Ralph DeWitt photographs are in the public domain. </text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="42">
              <name>Format</name>
              <description>The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="366877">
                  <text>TIF files </text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="51">
              <name>Type</name>
              <description>The nature or genre of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="366878">
                  <text>Photographs</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
          </elementContainer>
        </elementSet>
      </elementSetContainer>
    </collection>
    <elementSetContainer>
      <elementSet elementSetId="1">
        <name>Dublin Core</name>
        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
        <elementContainer>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="367295">
                <text>Victory Gardens in Pringle, PA, 1917</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="367296">
                <text>Ralph E. DeWitt, 1885-1979</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="367297">
                <text>1917</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="47">
            <name>Rights</name>
            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="367298">
                <text>Ralph E. DeWitt photographs are in the public domain. </text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="42">
            <name>Format</name>
            <description>The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="367299">
                <text>TIF files</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="44">
            <name>Language</name>
            <description>A language of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="367300">
                <text>English</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="51">
            <name>Type</name>
            <description>The nature or genre of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="367301">
                <text>Photograph</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
        </elementContainer>
      </elementSet>
    </elementSetContainer>
  </item>
  <item itemId="48872" public="1" featured="1">
    <fileContainer>
      <file fileId="44370" order="1">
        <src>https://omeka.wilkes.edu/omeka/files/original/9af1bc816eed6609aaa2b6d7cd6ebbad.tif</src>
        <authentication>d79bdd2bdc661ed005650a70864165fc</authentication>
      </file>
      <file fileId="44360" order="2">
        <src>https://omeka.wilkes.edu/omeka/files/original/1ab757762b65e79d4d72650822b6bb7f.tif</src>
        <authentication>1f88a50ecb937658421e270890863ba2</authentication>
      </file>
    </fileContainer>
    <collection collectionId="21">
      <elementSetContainer>
        <elementSet elementSetId="1">
          <name>Dublin Core</name>
          <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
          <elementContainer>
            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="366870">
                  <text>&lt;em&gt;Photographic History of Hard Coal Mining in Northeastern Pennsylvania, late 1800s-mid 1900s&lt;/em&gt; collection</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="49">
              <name>Subject</name>
              <description>The topic of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="366871">
                  <text>Wilkes-Barre (Pa.) &#13;
Anthracite coal industry--Pennsylvania--History--Sources. &#13;
Anthracite mines and mining &#13;
Wyoming Valley (Pa.)--1860-1890. &#13;
Wyoming Valley (Pa.)--1900-1910. &#13;
Wyoming Valley (Pa.)--History. </text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="41">
              <name>Description</name>
              <description>An account of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="366872">
                  <text>&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Description from the Exhibit Introduction: &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Photographic History of Hard Coal Mining in Northeastern Pennsylvania &lt;/em&gt;was a Sordoni Art Gallery exhibit in 1976 that featured the original photographs taken by Ralph E. DeWitt, a prominent local photographer who captured the era of anthracite mining in Northeastern Pennsylvania from the late 1800s to the early 1900s. There was an emphasis on the mines and mining operations, and of the miner's lives, homes, and families.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Anthracite coal provided the United States with over 75% of its energy needs from the early 1800s to the mid-1900's. Ninety-five percent of this country's anthracite (and 90% of the world's) is found in nine counties in northeastern Pennsylvania. Thus for over a century the land and people of this small geographic area gave us the power to light and heat our homes, run our factories and carry us through the Industrial Revolution, World War I and II, and the Great Depression. From their point of view, during this same 125-year period, anthracite coal mining was the dominant factor shaping the social, economic, and physical environment of the area and its hard working miners who had co me from all parts of Europe in search of economic advancement. Their rich mixture of backgrounds and cultures combined with the rigors of the mining trade to produce the unique character of the anthracite region of northeastern Pennsylvania." &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The exhibition consisted of sixty-one black and white photographs documenting various aspects of mining life.&lt;/p&gt;</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="39">
              <name>Creator</name>
              <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="366873">
                  <text>Photographs were taken by Ralph E. DeWitt, a local photographer. Ralph E. DeWitt (June 10, 1885-March 30, 1979) was born in Wilkes-Barre, PA to  John and Rosanna Gunton DeWitt. He graduated from the Henry Hillman Academy in Wilkes-Barre, and received his degree from Syracuse University. He was a well-known photographer in the Wyoming Valley for over 50 years, with studios in Wilkes-Barre and Forty Fort. he lived in Forty Fort from 1905 to 1965. He was a member of the First Presbyterian Church, Wilkes-Barre Rotary Club, and the Concordia Society.  Exhibit was created by Cara M. Berryman, Exhibitions Coordinator, and William A. Siener, director of the Wyoming Valley Historical and Geological Society, acted as a consultant. </text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="40">
              <name>Date</name>
              <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="366874">
                  <text>Photographs are from late 19th-early 20th century. Exhibit was done in 1976. </text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="37">
              <name>Contributor</name>
              <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="366875">
                  <text>Exhibition was funded by grants from the National Endowment for the Arts and the Pennsylvania Council on the Arts. </text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="47">
              <name>Rights</name>
              <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="366876">
                  <text>All of these Ralph DeWitt photographs are in the public domain. </text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="42">
              <name>Format</name>
              <description>The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="366877">
                  <text>TIF files </text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="51">
              <name>Type</name>
              <description>The nature or genre of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="366878">
                  <text>Photographs</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
          </elementContainer>
        </elementSet>
      </elementSetContainer>
    </collection>
    <elementSetContainer>
      <elementSet elementSetId="1">
        <name>Dublin Core</name>
        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
        <elementContainer>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="367302">
                <text>Victory Gardens in Pringle, PA, 1917</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="367303">
                <text>Ralph E. DeWitt, 1885-1979</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="367304">
                <text>1917</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="47">
            <name>Rights</name>
            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="367305">
                <text>Ralph E. DeWitt photographs are in the public domain. </text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="42">
            <name>Format</name>
            <description>The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="367306">
                <text>TIF files</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="44">
            <name>Language</name>
            <description>A language of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="367307">
                <text>English</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="51">
            <name>Type</name>
            <description>The nature or genre of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="367308">
                <text>Photograph</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
        </elementContainer>
      </elementSet>
    </elementSetContainer>
  </item>
  <item itemId="48873" public="1" featured="1">
    <fileContainer>
      <file fileId="44361">
        <src>https://omeka.wilkes.edu/omeka/files/original/0d5b678e37792b04bd9d3fb1845a007d.tif</src>
        <authentication>33be00013121f5be0060944737d20d17</authentication>
      </file>
      <file fileId="44362">
        <src>https://omeka.wilkes.edu/omeka/files/original/59a0b30a96b022f71508c78dcae49d91.tif</src>
        <authentication>35fe4ca495e07c23f006951df35c1a63</authentication>
      </file>
    </fileContainer>
    <collection collectionId="21">
      <elementSetContainer>
        <elementSet elementSetId="1">
          <name>Dublin Core</name>
          <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
          <elementContainer>
            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="366870">
                  <text>&lt;em&gt;Photographic History of Hard Coal Mining in Northeastern Pennsylvania, late 1800s-mid 1900s&lt;/em&gt; collection</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="49">
              <name>Subject</name>
              <description>The topic of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="366871">
                  <text>Wilkes-Barre (Pa.) &#13;
Anthracite coal industry--Pennsylvania--History--Sources. &#13;
Anthracite mines and mining &#13;
Wyoming Valley (Pa.)--1860-1890. &#13;
Wyoming Valley (Pa.)--1900-1910. &#13;
Wyoming Valley (Pa.)--History. </text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="41">
              <name>Description</name>
              <description>An account of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="366872">
                  <text>&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Description from the Exhibit Introduction: &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Photographic History of Hard Coal Mining in Northeastern Pennsylvania &lt;/em&gt;was a Sordoni Art Gallery exhibit in 1976 that featured the original photographs taken by Ralph E. DeWitt, a prominent local photographer who captured the era of anthracite mining in Northeastern Pennsylvania from the late 1800s to the early 1900s. There was an emphasis on the mines and mining operations, and of the miner's lives, homes, and families.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Anthracite coal provided the United States with over 75% of its energy needs from the early 1800s to the mid-1900's. Ninety-five percent of this country's anthracite (and 90% of the world's) is found in nine counties in northeastern Pennsylvania. Thus for over a century the land and people of this small geographic area gave us the power to light and heat our homes, run our factories and carry us through the Industrial Revolution, World War I and II, and the Great Depression. From their point of view, during this same 125-year period, anthracite coal mining was the dominant factor shaping the social, economic, and physical environment of the area and its hard working miners who had co me from all parts of Europe in search of economic advancement. Their rich mixture of backgrounds and cultures combined with the rigors of the mining trade to produce the unique character of the anthracite region of northeastern Pennsylvania." &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The exhibition consisted of sixty-one black and white photographs documenting various aspects of mining life.&lt;/p&gt;</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="39">
              <name>Creator</name>
              <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="366873">
                  <text>Photographs were taken by Ralph E. DeWitt, a local photographer. Ralph E. DeWitt (June 10, 1885-March 30, 1979) was born in Wilkes-Barre, PA to  John and Rosanna Gunton DeWitt. He graduated from the Henry Hillman Academy in Wilkes-Barre, and received his degree from Syracuse University. He was a well-known photographer in the Wyoming Valley for over 50 years, with studios in Wilkes-Barre and Forty Fort. he lived in Forty Fort from 1905 to 1965. He was a member of the First Presbyterian Church, Wilkes-Barre Rotary Club, and the Concordia Society.  Exhibit was created by Cara M. Berryman, Exhibitions Coordinator, and William A. Siener, director of the Wyoming Valley Historical and Geological Society, acted as a consultant. </text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="40">
              <name>Date</name>
              <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="366874">
                  <text>Photographs are from late 19th-early 20th century. Exhibit was done in 1976. </text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="37">
              <name>Contributor</name>
              <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="366875">
                  <text>Exhibition was funded by grants from the National Endowment for the Arts and the Pennsylvania Council on the Arts. </text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="47">
              <name>Rights</name>
              <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="366876">
                  <text>All of these Ralph DeWitt photographs are in the public domain. </text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="42">
              <name>Format</name>
              <description>The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="366877">
                  <text>TIF files </text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="51">
              <name>Type</name>
              <description>The nature or genre of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="366878">
                  <text>Photographs</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
          </elementContainer>
        </elementSet>
      </elementSetContainer>
    </collection>
    <elementSetContainer>
      <elementSet elementSetId="1">
        <name>Dublin Core</name>
        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
        <elementContainer>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="367309">
                <text>Exhibit introduction</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="367310">
                <text>Cara M. Berryman, Exhibitions Coordinator &#13;
William A. Siener, Director of the Wyoming Valley Historical and Genealogical Society, consultant. </text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="367311">
                <text>1976</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
        </elementContainer>
      </elementSet>
    </elementSetContainer>
  </item>
  <item itemId="48874" public="1" featured="1">
    <fileContainer>
      <file fileId="44363">
        <src>https://omeka.wilkes.edu/omeka/files/original/06f50241c48d22bd7f20390ed6e94bd4.jpg</src>
        <authentication>18f8350f0af1f7a94c8b489bf3b107df</authentication>
      </file>
    </fileContainer>
    <collection collectionId="21">
      <elementSetContainer>
        <elementSet elementSetId="1">
          <name>Dublin Core</name>
          <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
          <elementContainer>
            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="366870">
                  <text>&lt;em&gt;Photographic History of Hard Coal Mining in Northeastern Pennsylvania, late 1800s-mid 1900s&lt;/em&gt; collection</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="49">
              <name>Subject</name>
              <description>The topic of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="366871">
                  <text>Wilkes-Barre (Pa.) &#13;
Anthracite coal industry--Pennsylvania--History--Sources. &#13;
Anthracite mines and mining &#13;
Wyoming Valley (Pa.)--1860-1890. &#13;
Wyoming Valley (Pa.)--1900-1910. &#13;
Wyoming Valley (Pa.)--History. </text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="41">
              <name>Description</name>
              <description>An account of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="366872">
                  <text>&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Description from the Exhibit Introduction: &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Photographic History of Hard Coal Mining in Northeastern Pennsylvania &lt;/em&gt;was a Sordoni Art Gallery exhibit in 1976 that featured the original photographs taken by Ralph E. DeWitt, a prominent local photographer who captured the era of anthracite mining in Northeastern Pennsylvania from the late 1800s to the early 1900s. There was an emphasis on the mines and mining operations, and of the miner's lives, homes, and families.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Anthracite coal provided the United States with over 75% of its energy needs from the early 1800s to the mid-1900's. Ninety-five percent of this country's anthracite (and 90% of the world's) is found in nine counties in northeastern Pennsylvania. Thus for over a century the land and people of this small geographic area gave us the power to light and heat our homes, run our factories and carry us through the Industrial Revolution, World War I and II, and the Great Depression. From their point of view, during this same 125-year period, anthracite coal mining was the dominant factor shaping the social, economic, and physical environment of the area and its hard working miners who had co me from all parts of Europe in search of economic advancement. Their rich mixture of backgrounds and cultures combined with the rigors of the mining trade to produce the unique character of the anthracite region of northeastern Pennsylvania." &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The exhibition consisted of sixty-one black and white photographs documenting various aspects of mining life.&lt;/p&gt;</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="39">
              <name>Creator</name>
              <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="366873">
                  <text>Photographs were taken by Ralph E. DeWitt, a local photographer. Ralph E. DeWitt (June 10, 1885-March 30, 1979) was born in Wilkes-Barre, PA to  John and Rosanna Gunton DeWitt. He graduated from the Henry Hillman Academy in Wilkes-Barre, and received his degree from Syracuse University. He was a well-known photographer in the Wyoming Valley for over 50 years, with studios in Wilkes-Barre and Forty Fort. he lived in Forty Fort from 1905 to 1965. He was a member of the First Presbyterian Church, Wilkes-Barre Rotary Club, and the Concordia Society.  Exhibit was created by Cara M. Berryman, Exhibitions Coordinator, and William A. Siener, director of the Wyoming Valley Historical and Geological Society, acted as a consultant. </text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="40">
              <name>Date</name>
              <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="366874">
                  <text>Photographs are from late 19th-early 20th century. Exhibit was done in 1976. </text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="37">
              <name>Contributor</name>
              <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="366875">
                  <text>Exhibition was funded by grants from the National Endowment for the Arts and the Pennsylvania Council on the Arts. </text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="47">
              <name>Rights</name>
              <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="366876">
                  <text>All of these Ralph DeWitt photographs are in the public domain. </text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="42">
              <name>Format</name>
              <description>The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="366877">
                  <text>TIF files </text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="51">
              <name>Type</name>
              <description>The nature or genre of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="366878">
                  <text>Photographs</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
          </elementContainer>
        </elementSet>
      </elementSetContainer>
    </collection>
    <elementSetContainer>
      <elementSet elementSetId="1">
        <name>Dublin Core</name>
        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
        <elementContainer>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="367312">
                <text>Ralph E. DeWitt Obituary, Citizens Voice (Wilkes-Barre, PA), Monday April 2, 1979</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="367313">
                <text>Citizens Voice Newspaper</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="48">
            <name>Source</name>
            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="367314">
                <text>https://img9.newspapers.com/clip/61090970/obituary-for-ralph-dewitt-aged-93/</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="367315">
                <text>1979 April 2</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="44">
            <name>Language</name>
            <description>A language of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="367316">
                <text>English</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="51">
            <name>Type</name>
            <description>The nature or genre of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="367317">
                <text>Newspaper clipping</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
        </elementContainer>
      </elementSet>
    </elementSetContainer>
  </item>
  <item itemId="48875" public="1" featured="0">
    <fileContainer>
      <file fileId="44432">
        <src>https://omeka.wilkes.edu/omeka/files/original/3292cacc14572eb934f57fe9c97881df.pdf</src>
        <authentication>fd0b7efc7bcac8b114bc96bca3d6bbe0</authentication>
        <elementSetContainer>
          <elementSet elementSetId="4">
            <name>PDF Text</name>
            <description/>
            <elementContainer>
              <element elementId="52">
                <name>Text</name>
                <description/>
                <elementTextContainer>
                  <elementText elementTextId="367319">
                    <text>The Beacon – March 30, 2021

Est. 1936
Pa. Newspaper
Association Member
Volume 73, Issue 15

THE BEACON

Wilkes University - Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania

The news of today reported by the journalists of tomorrow.

Responding to the rise in hate and violence
against Asian Americans and Pacific Islanders
By Genny Frederick
Asst. News Editor

Since the COVID-19 pandemic began,
there has been an increase in hate and
violence toward the Asian American
and Pacific Islander communities in the
United States.
In his message to the campus on March
20, Wilkes University President Greg
Cant addressed this spike in hate across
the nation.
“An alarming surge of racism and
xenophobia has occurred against Asian
and Asian Americans since the pandemic
began,” Cant said. “It saddens me greatly
that, during a time when our world should
be united against a global pandemic,
some have turned to violence. But my
sadness and outrage cannot compare to
the grief, fear and anger felt among those
who are part of the Asian community.”
This surge of racism and xenophobia
has been documented by the Center
for the Study of Hate and Extremism
at California State University, in which
compiled data shows that anti-Asian hate
crimes rose by 149 percent. This increase
is especially notable, as overall crime
rates dropped by seven percent during
the pandemic.
The increase in hate is attributed to
the increase in racist rhetoric that was
prevalent at the onset of the pandemic.
Anna Seamon, a junior environmental
engineering major, explained her
thoughts on the causes and effects of this
rhetoric.
“Certain political leaders have referred
to COVID-19 in some pretty racist ways,
including ‘Kung flu’ and ‘China virus,’”
said Seamon. “This seemed to me at least
like a way to shift blame for the extent
that the virus was reaching in the United
States and how poorly action to control it
was going, but in addition to that, it had
much more damaging effects.”
The increase of these damaging effects

1

Sordoni Art
Gallery launches
“Gallery Guide:
Sordoni Artcast”
By Emily Cherkauskas

Life, Arts &amp; Entertainment Editor

of violence resulted in the creation of the
coalition Stop AAPI Hate.
The Asian Pacific Planning and Policy
Council, the Chinese for Affirmative
Action and the Asian American Studies
Department of San Francisco State
University came together to launch the
site on March 19, 2020.
In the podcast, OUR AMERICA,
Cynthia Choi, co-executive director of
CAA and leader within Stop AAPI Hate,
described why the group was founded.
“The discrimination, the vitriol and
even the you know, the media was
referring to COVID-19 as ‘the Wuhan
virus,’” said Choi. “And so we knew very
quickly that things were going to get bad,
fast. We came together and said, ‘We’ve
got to start documenting this.’ And we
were shocked. We were shocked. And to

this date, we have over 3,000 incidents.”
National Reports from Stop AAPI Hate
list 3,795 incidents from March 19, 2020
to Feb. 28, 2021, citing verbal harassment,
shunning and physical assault as the three
largest categories of incidents, while civil
rights violations and online harassment
were also accounted for.
While this is a large number of
incidents, the report states that only a
fraction of instances are reported. Choi
explained why there is a lack of reporting.
“And we know that people are underreporting too,” Choi said. “And we know
that one of the reasons why we started this
center was because there has been a deep
distrust of government and reporting to
law enforcement for a variety of reasons.”

The Sordoni Art Gallery has launched
its new podcast, “Gallery Guide: Sordoni
Artcast.” The podcast aims to educate
listeners about the world of art.
Hosted by Heather Sincavage, director
of the Sordoni Art Gallery, and Karley
Stasko, outreach coordinator, “Gallery
Guide: Sordoni Artcast” aims to feature
and discuss contemporary artists,
including those who visit the Sordoni
Art Gallery and give lectures to the
community about their work. It also is
planned to serve as a behind-the-scenes
feature of the workings of the gallery in
an unconventional way.
“Our main goal of the gallery is for
the arts to be accessible for everyone,”
said Sincavage. “(Stasko) and I talk about
our exhibitions — so many iterations —
around the office that we thought this
might be of interest to others. It is a place
where we hope to thread the needle for
folks who visit the gallery and maybe
wonder, ‘What is that all about?’”
The brand new podcast was a natural
idea for Sincavage and Stasko since
2017, when the gallery found its new
home inside the Karambelas Media and
Communication Center building.
“I love listening to podcasts — in the
car, taking a walk, taking a bath — and
I also never shut up, so I’ve wanted to
be in a podcast for a while,” said Stasko.
“But ‘Gallery Guide’ was something
(Sincavage) and I have joked about since
the new location opened with the Warhol
show.”

AAPI VIOLENCE, page 3

ARTCAST, page 6

�The Beacon – March 30, 2021

News

News

2

Have a breaking story or a press release to send? Contact the news editors: Sean.Schmoyer@wilkes.edu and Sara.Ross@wilkes.edu

Wilkes Study Abroad cancels all travel for Summer 2021

By Sara Ross and Maddy Kinard
Co-News Editor, News Staff Writer

For many students and faculty, the study
abroad program is an engaging and enriching
experience, but all trips have been suspended
through Summer 2021 to comply with CDC
regulations regarding COVID-19.
The Wilkes Study Abroad Program offers
opportunities for students to learn from handson experiences by traveling to places relevant
to their studies. Many of these programs are
integrated into their coursework.
As of this past January, Dr. Andreea
Maierean became the new director of the study
abroad program and revealed that she did not
make the decision to cancel study abroad trips.
“High-ranked officials in administration
made this decision, and these are professionals
that looked at all aspects pertaining to possible
travel, such as health concerns, which are
always a priority,” said Maierean.
However, other universities have decided
to provide students chances to travel abroad
virtually. In this format, students can still take
classes or hold internships. Student opinions at
Wilkes have been divided on the subject.

“Virtual study abroad might be a little
different,” said Bryce Snyder, senior mechanical
engineering student. “I feel like part of study
abroad is being able to be there and experience
everything hands-on, and if you’re sitting in
front of a computer screen, it’s gonna be just
like watching TV.”
On the other hand, some student views
are more positive regarding the
virtual alternative, and this includes
Dylan Womelsdorf, senior
business administration
student. He had the
opportunity to
complete an
internship in
Ireland online
over the summer of
2020 through Global Experiences.
“In my opinion, a virtual internship is
worth pursuing,” said Womelsdorf. “There is
no doubt that it is worth the time and effort.
Although, there is also nothing that can
compare to actually going abroad. For my
virtual experience, the coordinators made it
seem like I was abroad the whole time. They
held virtual tours, cooking classes and other

various activities that made it seem like I was
still studying abroad in Ireland.”
Last spring, some students went on the last
in-person study abroad trips and were coming
home at the height of the pandemic.
Dr. Robert Bohlander, professor of
psychology, led one of these last trips to
Vienna, London and Amsterdam in his
“History of Psychology in
Europe” course.
Bohlander and his
students left
Feb. 28, 2020
the United States on
and flew home
on March 7,
2020
when
shutdowns for
international
travel began.
“I
was
w o r r i e d
that we would either be
trapped in Europe and not
be able
to get home, or they would
send us home early,” said Bohlander. “But, as
it worked out, our flight home from London
was one of the last international flights. In fact,
our group almost had this entire Lufthansa jet
to ourselves – hardly anybody was traveling.”

Other study abroad trips were canceled
completely. Dr. Andrew Miller, associate
professor of political sciences, and Dr. Jeffery
Stratford, associate professor of biology, did
not leave for Costa Rica as they usually do for
spring break. They both desire to return to the
island next year.
“I can only hope that as soon as May most
people will be vaccinated,” said Stratford. “I
started shopping for flights to Costa Rica and
have made plans of my own to go back next
January, but the prices and the bookings have
gone up.”
Maierean wishes for students to be able
to travel again in Fall 2021, but there are no
concrete plans set in place. She recommends
all to participate in the study abroad program,
as it allows students to reflect on their own
culture while experiencing another.
“I hope when things come back to a form
of normality that we can encourage more
students to travel because these are experiences
that could fundamentally change your life,”
said Maierean.

yoga and dance classes, virtual competitions,
Kahoot trivia and more. They are also raising
money for the Geisinger Janet Weis Children’s
Hospital through Donor Drive. To sign up as
an individual or to join a group, click the link
in their Instagram bio, @dmatwilkesuniversity.
The total fund request
is broken up by T-shirt
sales, hand sanitizer cost
and stickers, coming to
a total of $2,100. Student
Government will vote on
the request next week.
Wilkes
Adventure
Education returned for
a vote on their request.
Their first aid weekend
was held on March 20
and went well. Eleven
people are involved
in this semester-long training, also known
as basecamp. WAE is paying for half of
the training and is requesting that Student

Government pay for the other half. The total
comes to $1,292.50. A motion was made to
allocate the full amount and passed.
Student
Government
then
made
nominations for Student Body President. Justin
Glidden, a junior class representative, was
nominated by Executive
Vice President Brooke
Mazzotta. Then, Lexi Payne,
secretary of the junior
class, was nominated by
Executive Corresponding
Secretary
Nataliya
Scarantino. Students have
the opportunity to make
more nominations at the
next meeting before voting
begins on April 5.
In closing, preparations
for Block Party are being
made, and it will be held in April. Plans for
Casino Night and Spring Fling are still in the
works. Spring Fling’s budget was approved in

the last meeting on March 17, but as of now,
the event is still postponed.

Sara.Ross@wilkes.edu
Graphic by Jay’na Johnson

Student Government: March 24 weekly meeting notes
By Maddy Kinard
News Staff Writer

Student Government held its seventh virtual
meeting, where the council voted on Women
Empowered by Science and Wilkes Adventure
Education fund requests, along with a nonclub fund request for Dance Marathon and
nominations for Student Body President.
To start, WEBS was back to present and
get a final vote from the council. WEBS offers
a summer science camp for girls going into
the seventh and eighth grades that focuses
on many areas of science. In total, the request
comes to $1,000, which would cover four girls
to attend the camp. A motion was made to
allocate the full amount and passed.
A non-club fund request was presented
for Wilkes University Dance Marathon. The
event is looking to take place over two weeks
from April 12 to 24, which will encompass
both virtual and in-person COVID-19
friendly events. Some of these will include

@wilkesbeacon
Madelynn.Kinard@wilkes.edu

Table of Contents
News..................2
Life, A&amp;E............4
Opinion..............7
Sports................10

�The Beacon – March 30, 2021

News

3

University makes decision to hold in-person commencement
Multiple ceremonies will be held with restrictions for Classes of 2020 and 2021

By Sean Schmoyer
Co-News Editor

In April 2020, then Interim President
Paul S. Adams released a campus-wide
email detailing the postponement of the
commencement ceremony for Wilkes
University’s Class of 2020.
The cancellation came in light of an
increase in COVID-19 cases; however,
the class of 2020 still had their degrees
conferred on May 16, 2020.
“To the class of 2020, our hearts are
with you,” said Adams in the email from
April. “There is no greater joy for me and
my colleagues than seeing graduates cross
the stage to receive hard-earned degrees.”
Adams went on to promise, “We
are absolutely committed to holding a
ceremony – with all of the fanfare to
which Wilkes students are accustomed –
when it is safe to do so.”
That time has come for the Class of
2020, as Adams announced on March 23
that the university will hold in-person
commencement ceremonies for graduates
of the Classes of 2020 and 2021.
“I know I speak for the academic
leadership when I say we are absolutely
thrilled that we are having an in-person
commencement,” said Interim Provost
Terese Wignot. “The commencement
ceremony is the highlight of the year
when we get to see our students, after four
and six years of hard work, walk across
the stage to receive their diplomas.”
This
year,
the
commencement

AAPI VIOLENCE, from front
Choi continued, “And so we believe
that as trusted organizations, people came
onto our site and they came on to say, I
want to be a part of this collective voice to
say, this happened to me, this happened
to my family. They wanted to say, ‘Asian
Americans and Pacific Islanders, we are
also part of this racial reckoning that
we’re having in this country.’”
While there is a reluctance to report
hate incidents, there is also a reluctance
from law enforcement to label crimes as
racially motivated.
The recent Atlanta spa shootings, in
which six of the eight victims were of
Asian descent, have not yet been listed as
hate crimes.
Seamon responded to the reluctance

ceremonies will be held over the course of
two weekends in May.
“Multiple ceremonies will be held to
accommodate graduates and a limited
number of guests and members of
the campus community,” said Adams.
“Bachelor’s, master’s and doctoral degrees
will be conferred at each ceremony,
with the exception of the Nesbitt School
of Pharmacy’s ceremony, which will
recognize our newest PharmDs.”
The ceremoniesitself will be divided
over the final two weekends in May for
the two respective classes. The Class of
2020 will be honored on May 22.
“I’m really happy they’ve finally set
a makeup date,” said Brianna Schunk
‘20, who earned her Bachelor’s degree
in English and individualized studies in
dance. “We’ve all worked so hard to earn
our degrees and even a shortened walk is
super important. Personally, my 91-yearold nana is thrilled to see me walk for my
degree. And I’m happy – I think it will
give me some closure to the weird senior
year I got.”
The Class of 2021’s ceremonies will
be from May 28 through May 30 with
respective schools and colleges being
grouped together at different time
intervals.
“With all of the changes that have had
to happen with senior year in general, I’m
really happy we will be able to get this
experience,” said Niamh Harkins, senior
marketing and management double
major.

The ceremonies will be held in the
McHale Athletic Center in the University
Center on Main and streamed on the
university’s website.
The ceremony will require all attendees
to be masked, and the seating will follow
social distancing protocols. Finally, guests
will be required to register before the
event for the purpose of contact tracing.
The email eased the concerns of Alanah
Guerrero, senior nursing major.
“I was excited when I received Dr. Cant’s
email,” said Guerrero. “I was very nervous
the week before that graduation would
be canceled due to the rise in cases on
campus. I believe holding commencement
in-person was the right thing to do, and
by separating it by schools, it allows the
ceremony to be more intimate and the
safest option for everyone. I’ve been
here for five years and in one of the most
challenging majors. If graduation wasn’t
in-person, it would have taken away all
the hard work I have put in over the years.”
Wignot
expressed
that
the
administration felt it could hold an inperson commencement this year due to
the easing of several of the state health
guidelines, including increased indoor
capacities. Despite this, the university
is still limiting the number of tickets
graduates will be given to two.
“My only concern I have about
graduation is the number of tickets that
will be given,” said Guerrero. “It takes
an army to raise a college grad. What is
to be one of the most important days in

your life is to be one of the most stressful.
Ultimately, you will hurt someone’s
feelings by not including them in the
ceremony.”
Limiting of tickets may also impact
graduates whose parents have separated
or divorced but still wish to invite both
parents and their respective significant
others. Grandparents and siblings also
make dispersing of two tickets difficult.
The decision comes from the need to
still follow health guidelines, even if they
have eased up.
“It’s hard that it’s limited guests, and
it’s all broken up, but honestly that might
even be better – no sitting through a huge
long ceremony for cohorts I barely know,”
said Schunk. “I’m looking forward to
seeing and celebrating with my professors
and mentors again and seeing my
classmates. I miss Wilkes so much, and I
will feel much better once graduation has
officially ‘happened.’”
Students are encouraged to monitor
the university’s commencement webpage
for additional information about how
to register for tickets and attendance
guidelines.
“We are thankful to the students, faculty
and staff who are adhering to health and
safety protocols so we can remain together
for the rest of the semester and ultimately
at in-person commencements in May,”
said Wignot.

to label crimes as hate crimes or hate
incidents.
“This absolutely repulsive behavior
doesn’t get publicized in a way that helps
AAPI communities and makes people
aware of the abuse and racism they are
experiencing, especially the increase since
the pandemic started,” Seamon said. “And
then, a white man goes on a killing spree
and murders eight women, six of whom
are of Asian descent, and that crime
doesn’t get labeled as what it clearly is – a
hate crime against Asian women.”
While there is an increase in the
number of hate incidents, this racism and
xenophobia are not new.
Crystal Cool, assistant director of
international student services and adviser
to the Asian Cultural Society, commented
on this history of anti-Asian racism.

“Racism
and
xenophobia
were
undoubtedly
present
before
the
pandemic,” said Cool. “There is a long
history of examples of racist actions that
have been committed against those of
Asian descent (as well as others from
underrepresented communities) in the
U.S. The pandemic and former President
(Donald) Trump’s rhetoric may have
further exacerbated these issues but did
not create it.”
While the Wilkes community is
committed to welcoming and appreciating
all, there are people to reach out to if
students need to report incidents or seek
emotional assistance.
Cool explained that students can come
to the Center for Global Education and
Diversity “if they have experienced any of
these issues, and we can help put them in

contact with the right people on campus.”
Students can also report directly
to Student Affairs, “contacting the
Dean of Students, Dr. Mark Allen, for
discriminatory acts, and Public Safety for
crimes.”
Counseling Services are also available
to all students.
To combat this hate, Cool suggests
education and working together.
“Education can be a strong player in
deterring hate,” Cool said. “By learning
more about a situation, a culture, a person,
you may better understand the reality and
facts of what is happening. Also, standing
together against the hate and refusing to
be a bystander to incidents of it.”

@wilkesbeacon
Sean.Schmoyer@wilkes.edu

@wilkesbeacon
Genevieve.Frederick@wilkes.edu

�The Beacon – March 30, 2021

Life, Arts &amp; Entertainment

4

Life, Arts &amp; Entertainment

Have any events, artists or businesses to be featured? Contact life, arts &amp; entertainment editor: Emily.Cherkauskas@wilkes.edu

Liz’s Craft Column: Affordable Dollar Tree bathroom sign
By Liz Cherinka
Social Media Manager

With the COVID-19 pandemic being
ongoing for over one year, it is good to
have a reminder to keep proper hygiene
to avoid getting the virus or spreading
it to others. Making sure to wash one’s
hands regularly could reduce the chances
of catching the virus.
This Dollar Tree bathroom sign is sure
to remind everyone to wash their hands,
while simultaneously keeping the decor
fun and handmade.
For a craft made only with supplies
that cost a dollar each, this turns out to
be quite trendy. It also takes inspiration
from Pinterest and Etsy. Signs like this
tend to sell on Etsy for tens of dollars, but
this DIY was made with just $4.
To make the Dollar Tree bathroom
sign, the supplies required are an 8x10
canvas, an 8x10 picture frame, black paint
and a small paintbrush. As previously
mentioned, all of these materials can be
purchased at Dollar Tree, but can also be
found at any craft store, such as Joann
Fabrics or Michaels.
This DIY may also require access to a
printer, but that is optional.
To start, decide what the sign is going
to stay. The example says, “Wash your
hands” to be fitting with the pandemic,
but any saying will do. Feel free to head
to Pinterest for some inspiration.
Now, head to Google Docs or Microsoft

Word to type out a template for the sign.
This step is not required, but it may help
in painting the letters if lettering is not a
great skill set of yours. Simply type out the
saying in any font. The two fonts in the
example are Amatic SC and Homemade
Apple in Google Docs.
The wording should take up most of
the page in landscape mode. That way,
when traced onto the canvas, the wording
will fill up the space.
Print out the paper, and place it inside
the back of the canvas so that it can be
seen through. To help, if it is difficult to
see through, hold it to a window or any
light source.
Then, just paint over the letters with
the black paint.
Allow the paint to dry, and then grab
the frame. Remove the back of the frame
and the glass, and then remove the metal
pieces in the frame that hold the back
in. They sometimes come out easily, but
others can be harder to just pull out. Fold
them over the back of the frame if they
are hard to remove.
Now, place the canvas inside of the
frame. The canvas should slip into the
frame and hold in place on its own, but
use some hot glue to secure it if needed.
Once the frame is on, the DIY is
complete. Now, hang it up in your
bathroom and enjoy.

Elizabeth.Cherinka@wilkes.edu
Graphic by Anna Culver

Liz’s Craft Rating: One out of ﬁve yarn-balls. Craft supplies are extremely
cheap from the Dollar Tree or any dollar store. Just make sure that your
supplies are properly sized, such as having your frame and canvas match up
in proportion.

Share your completed crafts with us! Tag us on our Instagram
account @wilkesbeacon with your craft.
#LizsCraftColumn

Step 1) First, decide what you would
like your sign to say. The example
says, “Wash your hands.” On either
Google Docs or Microsoft Word, type
out your chosen phrase with your
preferred font, preferably something
that is easy to trace. This step is
optional, but it will help with tracing
the words onto the canvas. The fonts
used in the example are Amatic SC
and Homemade Apple, which are
available in Google Docs. Make sure
the words take up the entire page
and are in landscape mode.

Step 2, left) Print out the paper and place it inside the back of the canvas,
making sure that it is translucent enough to see through for easy tracing while
painting. You can hold it up to a light or window to check its transparency.
Step 3, right) Paint over the letters with black paint. Make sure the paint is
completely dry before moving on to the ﬁnal steps.
Step 4) Grab the frame and remove
the back of the frame and the piece
of glass. You can remove them by
folding back the metal pieces and
removing everything. Now, place
the canvas inside the frame; it
should slip in easily. If it does not
feel secure, you can use hot glue to
make it ﬁt in place as needed. Once
completed, you can hang the frame
up anywhere you would like. With a
phrase like, “Wash your hands,” you
can hang it up in your bathroom as
a friendly reminder to guests during
the pandemic.

�The Beacon – March 30, 2021

Life, Arts &amp; Entertainment

5

�The Beacon – March 30, 2021

ARTCAST, from front

As excited as Sincavage and Stasko were
to talk about art, the hardest part of creating
the podcast was to pick out a name that
meant something special to not only them
but to the gallery as well.
“The hardest thing was picking out a name
that made sense,” said Sincavage. “‘Gallery
Guide’ seemed the most appropriate
because it is meant to be a supplemental
place for info.”
The theme of the podcast allows for a
comfortable, conversational environment.
“It’s formatted in such a way much like
we have our office chats, which are heavily
fueled by coffee,” said Sincavage. “Initially,
setting up the podcast had a few little
hoops to jump through, which mostly
involved getting it approved on each of our
platforms.”
For the pair, the most difficult aspect is
setting up the recording time, but adjusting
to the podcast has been rather easy for them.
“Each episode starts with a rough script
outline where we try to work out a healthy
balance of ‘expert’ and ‘voice of curiosity,’”
said Stasko. “Once we feel we’ve got a good
flow, we try to get a cup of coffee and record
ourselves in a Zoom meeting.”
Jess Morandi, senior digital design and
media art major and Sordoni Art Gallery
design fellow, helped design the logo of
“Gallery Guide: Sordoni Artcast” and
enjoyed her time contributing to the project.
“The process was pretty different from
most of the other projects I have worked on

Life, Arts &amp; Entertainment

Courtesy of the Sordoni Art Gallery
for the Sordoni Art Gallery,” said Morandi.
“I had to create an identity and branding for
a podcast that is really fun and educational,
and I had to make sure that I maintained
the brand and feel.”

Matching the brand offered by the gallery,
Morandi designed a retro-themed color
palette, giving the podcast a unique feel to
it. In Morandi’s words, “the branding really
took from there.”

6
Aside from helping with design, Morandi
was also featured on the podcast episode,
“Gallery Guide Preview,” which served as
an introductory episode to the series.
“We talked about what ‘Gallery Guide’ is
and gave an introduction to the podcast,”
said Morandi. “(Stasko) also decided to
quiz me on some facts about (Sincavage)
and (Stasko). It was really fun.”
Episodes typically revolve around the
current exhibitions being hosted at the
Sordoni Art Gallery.
For example, a future episode aims to
discuss shape-shifters in global mythology.
The topic is inspired by Martha Posner’s
pieces “Memory of the Flight” and
“Beast Coat,” both of which are pieces
included in Posner’s “Brutal Beauty: The
Transformation of Women in Mythology,”
which is currently available to view in the
Sordoni Art Gallery.”
Sincavage and Stasko plan to release a
new podcast episode every month, or three
episodes per exhibit.
“Gallery Guide: Sordoni Artcast” is
available to listen on various platforms,
including Spotify, Amazon Music, Apple
Podcasts, Acast and more to come in the
future.
Sincavage and Stasko’s discussions are
highly informative, enlightening and
entertaining for those who are interested
in delving deep into the environment of art
commentary.

@wilkesbeacon
Emily.Cherkauskas@wilkes.edu

Each week, the Wilkes Beacon staﬀ adds
a song to their 2020-2021 Beacon Bumps
playlist under Chris Gowarty’s account on
Spotify. Look below for this week’s list of songs.

Kirsten Peters, Editor-in-Chief: Heat Waves - Glass Animals
Sean Schmoyer, Co-News Editor: Joe - AJR
Sara Ross, Co-News Editor: Fallin’ for You - R5
Genny Frederick, Asst. News Editor: Good Nights ft. Mascolo Whethan
Maddy Kinard, News Staﬀ Writer: I Know the End - Phoebe
Bridgers
Emily Cherkauskas, LA&amp;E Editor: Itchin’ On a Photograph Grouplove
Jordan Daniel, Asst. LA&amp;E Editor: Let Her Go - Mac DeMarco
Breanna Ebisch, Co-Opinion Editor: Daydream - The Aces
Dylan Mehl, Co-Opinion Editor: BDE - Mac Miller

William Billingsley, Asst. Opinion Editor: Godzilla ft. Serj
Tankian - Bear McCreary
Ariel Reed, Sports Editor: Slower - Tate McRae
Chris Gowarty, Asst. Sports Editor: Both Eyes Closed - Gucci
Mane
Baylee Guedes, Sports Staﬀ Writer: Rockstar Knights - Kid
Cudi &amp; Trippie Redd
Mia Walker, Lead Designer: Me and Your Mama - Childish
Gambino
Steﬀen Horwath, Staﬀ Photographer: Play Pretend - Kasbo
Liz Cherinka, Social Media Manager: Moscow - Autoheart

�The Beacon – March 30, 2021

Opinion

Opinion

7

Have an opinion or want to write a guest column? Contact the co-opinion editors: Breanna.Ebisch@wilkes.edu and Dylan.Mehl@wilkes.edu

Editorial Staff
2020-21
MANAGERIAL STAFF
Editor-in-Chief - Kirsten Peters
Adviser - Dr. Kalen Churcher
SECTION EDITORS
News - Sean Schmoyer
Sara Ross
LA&amp;E - Emily Cherkauskas
Opinion - Breanna Ebisch
Dylan Mehl
Sports - Ariel Reed
ASSISTANT EDITORS
News - Genevieve Frederick
LA&amp;E - Jordan Daniel
Opinion - William Billingsley
Sports - Christopher Gowarty
SECTION STAFF WRITERS
News - Madelynn Kinard
Sports - Baylee Guedes
DESIGNERS
Lead Designer - Mia Walker
Photographer - Steffen Horwath
Social Media Manager - Liz Cherinka
Interested in joining or
advertising in The Beacon?
To learn more, contact:
Kirsten.Peters@wilkes.edu or
Kalen.Churcher@wilkes.edu
141 S. Main Street
Clayton and Theresa Karambelas
Media &amp; Communication Center
Wilkes University
Wilkes-Barre, PA 18766
Phone - (570) 408-5903
www.thewilkesbeacon.com
Socials: @wilkesbeacon

The Beacon
Est. 1936
Pa. Newspaper
Association Member

Our Voice
Each week, The Beacon’s editorial board will take a stance on a current issue.

Help us send Peeps to the shadow realm
It is that time of year again — Easter.
And with it comes all the familiar trappings
of Easter: Egg hunts, religious observances,
various egg and rabbit-themed chocolate
candies and the yearly reminder of just
how insufferable Peeps are.
This is simply an undeniable fact, though
it seems that this is a rather contentious
issue among us here at The Beacon, as we
were bitterly divided when this subject
came up. But in the end, the anti-Peep side
won out.
And for good reason — Peeps sully the
good name of sugary treats everywhere.
For those who do not know, Peeps are
a marshmallow confectionery treat first
produced in 1953. Since 1953, Peeps have
continued to corrupt the hearts and minds
of children everywhere time after time with
their gooey, melt-in-your-mouth texture.
Yet, it is not just the children, but the
women and men too, for it is the parents of
these children who enable Peeps to carry on
with its honeyed lies and mass production.
Let’s look at just what your average Peep
contains: Sugar, corn syrup, gelatin, various
food dyes and a pinch of salt. According to
their website, a single serving consists of
exactly four Peeps. If you were to somehow
manage to consume four, you would be
consuming 110 calories, 28 grams of
carbohydrates and 25 grams of sugar.
And … that’s it. That is the extent of the
nutritional information.

But do not let this nutritional simplicity
deceive you into thinking that this is a
worthy treat — for Peeps are a hollow
snack through and through.
We live in an elegant age of refined
capitalism, and our taste buds deserve the
very best — not some edgy norm-defying
Easter candy. There is simply no shortage
of Easter chocolate varieties to soothe our
souls. But can we say the same for Peeps?
Nay!
Peeps perfectly symbolize the old ways
and the mistakes of the past. Whereas, we
have a great variety of chocolates to choose
from in today’s world, we simply cannot
say the same for Peeps.
Peeps are eternally binding – you could
buy a pack of Peeps today, tomorrow or a
century from now, and they will hold fast.
But what of the other candies and treats
that await us in the future of tomorrow?
The sky is, quite literally, the limit.
And what should we infer from the
extraordinary shelf life of Peeps being an
estimated two years? If this were any other
foodstuff, we would surely look favorably
on such an enduring snack.
Alas, The Beacon does not. The old
mantra of “nothing lasts forever” rings
especially true for any discussion regarding
the best Easter candy. What does it say
about the value of such a cheaply made
marshmallow candy if it will literally stand
the test of time?

Jokes even abound in popular culture
about the indestructibility of Peeps. But
what of other types of Easter candies?
None boast nearly as robust a shelf-life as
the eternal Peep. Clearly, that old mantra
should be amended as such: “Nothing lasts
forever, except Peeps.”
And to be fair, we are sure that Peeps
will try to innovate their lineup to stay
competitive and relevant in the hotly
contested markets of holiday candy sales.
But we are not optimistic.
Just last week, Pepsi announced the
launch of what might be the abomination
of abominations: Pepsi x Peeps, an unholy
concoction of soda and marshmallow.
Can you feel your teeth decaying yet?
Thankfully, this collaboration is only for a
limited time.
Unfortunately, there seems to be no
shortage of fanatical devourers of Peeps,
as some especially basic individuals have
even taken to participating in annual
eating competitions for Peeps. As of the
2017 competition, the current record was
a mind-numbing 255 Peeps in five minutes
— almost one Peep a second.
So this Easter break, put down the Peep.
Go eat a proper holiday chocolate, you
degenerates.

@wilkesbeacon
TheWilkesBeacon@wilkes.edu

Letter to the editor policy: The Beacon welcomes letters to the editor from differing viewpoints. Letters
must contain contact information, including name, city, state and phone number. Phone numbers will
not be published but may be used for verification purposes.
All letters to the editor must be sent using one of the following methods:
Email: TheWilkesBeacon@wilkes.edu
Phone: (570) 408-2962 (Voicemail: 30 seconds or less, please.)
Mail: 84 West South Street, Wilkes-Barre, Pa. 18766 Attn: The Beacon

�The Beacon – March 30, 2021

Opinion

8

Why is college burnout not as acknowledged as it should be?
By Breanna Ebisch
Co-Opinion Editor

A full course load of 18 credits — six
classes. Multiple extracurricular activities or
clubs. Hours of assignments and studying. A
work-study job, other leadership positions
and hanging out with friends.
These are all the basics that make up the
typical daily life of a college student. But
beyond their academic responsibilities,
they also need to get enough sleep, eat three
proper meals a day and fit exercising and
other hobbies they enjoy into their schedule.
All of this can be overwhelming due to the
unimaginable amount of things to do, with
only so much time.
But this is how it has always been for
college students. Spending every minute
of each day under almost insurmountable
unbearable stress, just to secure a degree that
will benefit their futures. The expectation
to put all other responsibilities ahead of
themselves because their education is the
most important often leads to exhaustion
and burnout among a large population of
students at higher education institutions.
As if this was not already a damaging and
tiring lifestyle that many college students
suffer from during the academic year,
COVID-19 presented a multitude of other
issues that this demographic had to deal with
on top of everything else. Now, as classes

still remain mostly online, the workload
continues to steadily increase, many aspects
of life remain uncertain or different and
more and more students are experiencing a
phenomenon known as college burnout.
Although this is not something new, and
millions of college students can relate to the
feeling of not being able to catch up with their
work or balance all aspects of their life when
the demands are too high, the pandemic has
amplified its effects to a new extreme.
The University of the People reports some
of the tell-tale signs of college burnout are
“feeling exhausted no matter how much
sleep you get, lacking motivation to attend
classes or start assignments and increased
irritability due to frustration, lacking
inspiration and creativity to bring to projects
and class discussions, loss of confidence in
academic abilities and incapability to meet
important deadlines.”
It is almost a guarantee that if you were to
ask any student on campus right now how
they were doing, you might get the basic
answer of “I’m good.” But more likely than
not, the answer would be something along
the lines of being tired, ready for the semester
to be over or being generally stressed.
This semester has been unreasonably
difficult for everyone, especially during a
global pandemic, which has also taken a
large toll on many people’s mental health.
So naturally, when college students

are already struggling with various other
challenges that COVID-19 has presented,
it only makes sense to make things worse,
right?
Apparently so.
And despite the distress students are
evidently feeling more than ever, there seems
to be almost no sympathy or understanding
for what they are going through. But this is
not an issue on just one campus or for a single
individual — burnout is something almost
every college student can unfortunately
relate to.
According to the National College
Health Assessment of 2019, “Over 80
percent of college students reported feeling
overwhelmed by all the things they have to
do, and almost 40 percent felt so depressed
that it was difficult to function.”
These numbers are undoubtedly higher
now due to COVID-19, and we are seeing
the effects at an alarming rate. So, why
does the general public still believe that this
pressure is nonexistent and that students
are being overdramatic about the stressors
that they deal with? College burnout is the
looming cloud over campuses, and it needs
to be addressed. Now.
The effects to students’ mental health
from both the pandemic and the usual
expectations connected to earning a higher
education are more concerning than ever
before. Attention needs to be given to

this issue, whether that means professors
understanding how their students feel and
lessening the work load or society as a whole
recognizing how harmful this mindset that
American culture has created truly is.
At the end of the day, students should not
be feeling like they are the least important
in relation to everything else that occupies
their time. There is no reason that it should
be creating burnout for people who are still
young and just beginning to experience life
to its fullest. Add a global pandemic that has
flipped everything upside down, and it is not
hard to understand why college students are
struggling so much.
But while the fight for more understanding
and change on even a small scale continues
for students across the country, there are
some simple steps that can be taken to help
prevent burnout and benefit mental health
as a whole.
Southern New Hampshire University
reports “time management, setting realistic
expectations and practicing self-care” are
all tips to help students avoid the crippling
effects that burnout produces.
It is important to remember this is a
struggle that millions of college students are
experiencing everyday and that burnout is
more real than it has ever been.

minutes before the deadline, as Adrian
Wojnarowski reported that guard Victor
Oladipo would be traded to the Heat. Miami
barely had to give up any assets for Oladipo
as well, losing Avery Bradley along with
other assets. This is a big move for the Heat,
as they look to return back to the NBA Finals
and add a former all-star.
In a move that could push the Chicago
Bulls into the playoffs, all-star center Nikola
Vucevic was acquired from the Orlando
Magic. The Bulls, who already have all-star
Zach LaVine, are most definitely gearing up
for a playoff push in the Eastern Conference
with Vucevic. In the deal, the Magic got
Wendell Carter Jr. and two first round draft
picks, per NBA.com — clearly building for
the future.
The Magic were not done yet, as they
continued to sell assets, trading guard Evan
Fournier to the Boston Celtics, as per Shams
Charania. Already having all-stars in Jayson
Tatum and Jaylen Brown, Boston currently
sits at the eight-seed in the East and is

certainly looking to make that playoff push.
The Denver Nuggets were active at the
deadline, picking up both Aaron Gordon and
JaVale McGee to add big-man depth to the
team. The addition of Gordon is especially
good for the Nugget’s frontcourt, pairing
him with the current odds on MVP, Nikola
Jokic, as per Bovada. After last year’s Western
Conference Finals loss to the eventual
champion Lakers, the Nuggets are looking to
retool in an attempt to make a championship
run. However, this move does not seem to
be one that puts this team over the top, with
Gordon not qualifying as a third star.
Philadelphia was also an active team at
the deadline, as they were one of a few teams
interested in Lowry. However, they ended
up settling for George Hill, a veteran guard
from the Oklahoma City Thunder, as the
price tag on Lowry was too high. This move
could prove to be a great one for the 76ers,
as Hill adds a veteran presence, three-point
shooting, a defensive presence, and most
importantly, depth. If the 76ers are going to

have any shot of beating the Brooklyn Nets,
it will be on the strength of their depth, and
Hill adds to that.
The Los Angeles Clippers finally got
themselves a point guard, trading for Rajon
Rondo from the Atlanta Hawks. The Clippers
sent Lou Williams, two second-round picks
and cash for Rondo, per Charania. Rondo
played a pivotal role in the Lakers’ title run
last season and can act as the game manager
that the Clippers desperately need.
At the end of the day, there were several
players that teams tried to move off of but
simply could not. This resulted in both Andre
Drummond of the Cleveland Cavaliers
and LaMarcus Aldridge of the San Antonio
Spurs being bought out of their respective
contracts. Both could play huge roles for
potential championship contenders, with the
Lakers showing interest in Drummond and
Aldridge rumored to be joining the Heat.

@wilkesbeacon
Breanna.Ebisch@wilkes.edu

NBA trade deadline sees potential league-shifting moves

By Dylan Mehl

Co-Opinion Editor
The NBA trade deadline is always an
exciting time for NBA fans, as it provides
hope that one’s team will make a move that
makes them championship contenders,
playoff bound or even building for the future.
This trade deadline was no different.
It is not all positives when it comes to trade
deadline madness. This is due to the fact that
sometimes there are trade rumors that fall
through. This happened this trade deadline
with Toronto Raptors guard Kyle Lowry
inevitably not being moved after rumors that
he would be traded to the Philadelphia 76ers,
Los Angeles Lakers or Miami Heat.
Lowry is arguably the best player in
Raptors’ franchise history, and the team
could not come to terms with sending him
off, disappointing many fans. However,
Toronto was able to move Norman Powell to
the Portland Trail Blazers.
The biggest Woj bomb of the day came

@wilkesbeacon
Dylan.Mehl@wilkes.edu

�The Beacon – March 30, 2021

Opinion

9

“Falcon and the Winter Soldier” pilot review, initial thoughts
By Matt Matrisciano
Staff Writer

Marvel fans, take a deep breath. The
wildly popular “WandaVision” may be
over, but there is a new sheriff in town.
Kevin Feige’s Marvel Universe is back
with the brand new and highly anticipated
Disney+ original series, “The Falcon and
the Winter Soldier.”
This live-action adventure of former
sidekicks teaming up will have a sixepisode run, released each Friday.
The die-hard Marvel fans who have
been waiting for this since the end of
“Avengers: Endgame” can finally rejoice.
However, if you are a new Marvel fan who
wants to get in on the action, do not fret,
there is room at the table for you as well.
Unfortunately, there is not enough
room on this page to tell you everything
you need to know before tuning in. The
Marvel Cinematic Universe is enormous,
and possibly overwhelming for someone
who has no idea what is going on.
Fear not, even someone who does
not know who Iron Man is can find
entertainment in “The Falcon and the
Winter Soldier.” You just need to do a
little bit of homework.
Although I recommend almost every
Marvel movie out there to understand
what is going on, beginners only need to
watch six of them before starting the new
Disney+ series to get the gist of things.
A newcomer to the MCU should
consider watching, in order, the “Captain
America’’ trilogy, “Black Panther,”
“Infinity War’’ and “Endgame.” Some
things may still be a bit fuzzy, but unless
you have 50 hours to kill, this list is as
good as it gets.
Now that everyone is caught up, it is
time to go over the recently released first
episode.
Let the adventure begin.
Actors Anthony Mackie and Sebastian
Stan are back as Sam Wilson and Bucky
Barnes, better known as Falcon and The
Winter Soldier, respectively.
Episode one was fantastic, and it is sure
to make any fan sit on the edge of their
seat. It sets up for what could be a monster
of a show.
Although this is a premiere episode, it
does not feel like one, as it is more like
a continuation of the story that we have
been following since 2008 when the first
Iron Man was released.
Characters Wilson and Barnes have

been around for a while, so the premiere
did not have to go through the boring
character introductions. It got right into
the action, which Marvel has always
excelled in.
The action scenes were all you could ask
for and more, but another aspect where
the show did really well is the story of
Wilson and Barnes – not as heroes, but as
people who are dealing with life just like
everyone else.
While they fight crime and save the day,
they still have everyday problems, but
do not worry, while the first ten minutes
of this episode suggests that the series
is going to be action-packed,
the story of the duo’s lives
as ordinary people
somehow only adds
to the excitement.
The acting so
far has been
phenomenal.
M a c k i e
and
Stan
have
been
portraying
t h e s e
characters
for quite some
time, so it is
not
shocking
that they deliver
all the action a
Marvel fan expects for
the MCU by now.
Also adding to the
excitement is the continuation of
the story of the Avengers.
“WandaVision” almost seemed like it
was a standalone series, but “The Falcon
and the Winter Soldier” does a great
job in picking up where the Avengers’
timeline left off.
For those who remember, “Endgame”
left viewers with a plethora of questions
as to the fate of the heroes who remained.
Episode one also raises its own questions
to keep fans eagerly waiting for more.
All of that being said, episode one got
me excited for the rest of the season. It
plays just like the movies with the perfect
amount of action, superhero one-liners
and even a couple of laughs.
The show also got fantastic ratings,
including a 93 percent from Rotten
Tomatoes. My final rating for “The Falcon
and the Winter Soldier” is a strong 8.7 out
of 10, and we will see over the next few
weeks if the show stays there.

Knowing Marvel, however, it may even
go up.
Predictions &amp; thoughts going forward
Now, what can we expect for the rest
of the season? Although episode one
answered many questions, it also raised
new questions.
If you have not watched episode one
yet, consider this your courtesy spoiler
alert.
Despite the title, the duo is not together
at the start of the season. Rather, episode
one follows Falcon as he assists the United
States Military and continues to grow
as a household name, while
Barnes struggles to escape
his dreaded past as
the
brainwashed
assassin,
The
Winter Soldier.
The
story
starts just a
few months
after
the
events
of
“Endgame,”
so
the
planet
is
still dealing
with
the
aftermath
of
half of the world
population
reappearing
after
Thanos sent them into
nonexistence for five years.
While most think that this was a
great thing, some, of course, are not too
thrilled.
A mysterious new group called the FlagSmashers has arrived, and they liked the
world better with half the population gone.
If you are a day-one Captain America fan,
that name may sound familiar.
A minor Captain America villain from
the past may become a huge threat in the
future.
Speaking of Captain America, he is back
– kind of. Steve Rogers is still gone, but
the United States government has decided
that America needs its first Avenger,
regardless of who is in the costume.
Enter: John Walker, the new captain.
Walker is not exactly new, although this
is the first time we are seeing him in
the MCU. He was a character in the old
Captain America comics, for those who
are unfamiliar.
Actor Don Cheadle also returned as

Rhodey, the face behind the hero War
Machine, for a few brief moments in
episode one.
So, what can we expect from the return
of these familiar characters?
In the case of Flag-Smasher, I doubt
that he popped in for a tea party.
Since it has been revealed that his
group is unhappy about half of the world
population returning from ash, it would
not be shocking if he somehow tried to
recreate Thanos’ snap.
This certainly would set up for an epic
fight, possibly involving Wilson, Barnes
and Walker teaming up together.
Speaking of Walker, I am not exactly
sure where Marvel is going with this
storyline.
The world loved Chris Evans’ Steve
Rogers, so putting a new man in the suit
to replace him is bound to upset some
fans.
Walker is portrayed by actor Wyatt
Russell, son of the great Kurt Russell, and
even he seems to know that Marvel fans
may be reaching for their pitchforks.
“Hopefully, they don’t hate me too
much,” Russell said in an interview with
USA Today.
It is too early to really have a sound
opinion on Walker as a character, though
he will surely take some getting used to as
the new Captain America.
This may be wishful thinking, but
seeing Cheadle back in the cast gives me
hope that we may be blessed with at least
a few War Machine sightings.
War Machine is one of the lesser
appreciated Avengers, but I, for one,
would be thrilled to see his return.
With Iron Man gone, somebody has to
fight crime in a highly weaponized suit,
and who better than someone who goes
by “War Machine”?
Finally, something about the military
going against Falcon’s wish to honor
Rogers and making a new Captain
America gives me an ominous feeling.
Only time will tell if Walker ends up on
the right side of history.
As the season goes on, I expect “The
Falcon and the Winter Soldier” to give us
some jaw-dropping moments.
For now, we just have to wait patiently.
The adventure continues every Friday on
Disney+.

@wilkesbeacon
Matthew.Matrisciano@wilkes.edu

�Sports

The Beacon – March 30, 2021

Sports

10

Want your sport covered? Deserve to be Athlete of the Week? Contact the sports editor: Ariel.Reed@wilkes.edu

MIH: Back-to-back wins propel Wilkes to No. 3, home playoff game
By Baylee Guedes
Sports Staff Writer

WILKES-BARRE, Pa. -- After winning 4-1
against rival Neumann University on March
26 at the Toyota SportsPlex, the Colonels beat
Chatham University, 4-3, in overtime.
“We have a veteran group that has seen
Neumann before,” said head coach Tyler
Hynes. “We knew what to expect, knew what
type of game it would be, and I think our team
showed growth by going out and putting our
foot on the gas.”
Junior captain Donald Flynn opened the
scoring at the 16-minute mark of the first
period, with an assist from Tyler Dill.
The first period allowed Wilkes to assert
their dominance with a score of 1-0, not
allowing the Knights to gain a full possession.
“We were able to establish a great forecheck
early, and we saw the success we were having,”
said Flynn. “We knew if we kept it simple we
were going to get some pretty good scoring
chances.”
In the second period, Flynn won a faceoff,
resulting in a goal by junior forward Nick Fea,
assisted by Flynn and junior forward Tyler
Barrow to bring the score to 2-0.
The long offensive drives by the Colonels
helped them control the pace of the game.
The Knights were no threat to sophomore

goalkeeper Michael Paterson-Jones, as they
unsuccessfully attempted 16 shots in the first
two periods.
The Colonels started off with quite a few
penalties throughout the first and second
period, but the penalty kill squad was able to
create big plays for Wilkes.
“The penalty kill was first and foremost
spectacular,” said Hynes. “That starts in net
with Paterson-Jones, and then Joey Pasquini,
Xavier Abdella, Scott Mueller, Devon Schell
and Phil Erickson.”
Along with the offensive side of the penalty
kill squad, the defensive squad did not let up
on the Knights.
“That is not even to mention the guys who
are on the defensive side, including Charlie
Spetz, Michael Gurska, Dylan Kuipers and
Ryan Solomon,” said Hynes. “Those are
the guys right there – that group has been
tremendous for us, and they do not get enough
credit. I thought they were really good and
stepped up tonight.”
Wilkes' momentum continued into the third
period with back-to-back goals, as Erickson
assisted Barrow's goal at the 10-minute mark.
No more than 30 seconds later, another goal
was put in by sophomore forward Billy Berry.
“Our team feeds off each other's energy,”
said Berry. “When we had a big kill, the
momentum would swing in our direction and

Junior Tyler Barrow recorded a combined three goals against Neumann
and Chatham, including the game-winner in overtime against Chatham on
March 27 to earn UCHC Offensive Player of the Week honors.

Photos: The Beacon/Kirsten Peters

Senior Xavier Abdella and junior Joey Pasquini ﬁst-bumped on the bench.
we continue to play wave after wave hockey.”
Neumann’s Danny Cangelosi was able to
score a shot at 2:30 in the third period to record
their lone goal of the 4-1 contest.
On Saturday, Wilkes honored their three
seniors – Spetz, Abdella and Solomon – in the
program’s first-ever Senior Night since being
added to Wilkes in 2018. Assistant coach Ryan
Secor was also honored before the start of the
contest against Chatham.
“We have a group of guys who all came
together three years ago to build a program,”
said Flynn. “We have had some success the
past couple years but have not been able to
achieve the ultimate goal. Our time is now, and
how close we are is all the motivation we need.”
Chatham scored midway though the first
period, and Wilkes answered shortly after with
an unassisted goal by Dill to tie the period, 1-1.
Wilkes had seven penalties throughout the
game, which made it difficult to get a jump
on offense. The score remained tied at one
through the second period.
“Shout-out to Chatham – they did a really
great job just keeping us off of our game and
frustrating the play,” said Hynes. “We definitely
have to give them credit for that, but I am very
proud of how our group stuck with it.”
In the third period, Chatham scored twice
right off the buzzer to take a two-goal lead.
Fea then scored at the midway point of the

third period, assisted by captains Flynn and
Gurska. Following that momentum, Barrow
scored off of a power play, assisted by Dill and
Flynn. The period ended with a score of 3-3,
resulting in a sudden-death overtime.
A Chatham penalty created a power play for
the Colonels, who capitalized on it with a score
by Barrow with 40 seconds left to win, 4-3.
“It felt amazing to win for the seniors ... it
was a test to our culture and character, and
I think we responded well down 3-1,” said
Barrow. “We knew this game was going to be
a war, and we were equipped for it. When we
play Wilkes hockey, I don't think any team in
the league can hang.”
According to Hynes, “These are two huge
games as far as playoff implications – as far
as whether you get to play at home in the first
round of playoffs or have to go on the road.”
Wilkes earned the three-seed and will face
Nazareth College in the first round of playoffs
on home ice tomorrow at 7:30 p.m.
“We have put in a lot of work and made a
lot of sacrifices just to have the ability to play
this shortened season,” said Paterson-Jones.
“We have a team of guys that are grateful for
the opportunity that we have been given, and
we want to make the most of it.”

@wilkesbeacon
Baylee.Guedes@wilkes.edu

�The Beacon – March 30, 2021

Sports

11

MVB: Evans’ 17 kills and five-set thriller blocked by Widener

By Jason Eberhart
Staff Writer

The men’s volleyball team faced the
Widener Pride in a doubleheader on Saturday
afternoon in the Marts Center. The Colonels
dropped both games against the Pride, 3-0
and 3-2, respectively.
The first match was dominated by Widener
as they swept all three sets from the Colonels.
Wilkes came out of the gate slow and could
not get anything to work for them at the
beginning of the match. The Pride took
advantage and quickly put an end to the first
match of the day.
“The guys played with their hearts the
second match,” said Czopek. “The first match
we played a little half-heartedly, and we didn’t
stay in the game plan. The second match we
stuck to our game plan and kept fighting.”
Wilkes’ offense became more cohesive in
the second match, and the chemistry was
clicking between all six guys on the floor. The
chemistry between sophomore outside hitter
Zach Evans, sophomore setter Zach Shay
and junior middle hitter Ethan Speicher was
evident.

The Beacon/Ariel Reed

Sophomore outside hitter Zach Evans reached new heights as he soared over
his opponents to record one of his 17 kills in the second game against Widener.
“After the first match, losing three sets to
nothing, we didn’t fold, we kept our heads
up,” said Evans. “We didn’t let the first match
affect us and brought the effort we needed to
compete in the second match.”
Evans led the team with 17 kills in the

match. Shay was the chief facilitator of the
contest, totaling a game-high 46 assists. The
connection between Shay, Evans and Speicher
helped the Colonels compete with Widener.
“A lot of it was running those middles with
(Speicher) – he was on fire today,” said Shay.

“They just respected him and the middles
were sticking with him, and it got the outsides
on solo blocks the whole time. Something
clicked, and we just started working. The
chemistry was definitely there.”
Despite the Shay, Evans and Speicher trio
firing on all cylinders, the Colonels ended up
losing in the fifth set.
“That was a great match,” said Czopek.
“When someone wins a five set match, they
earn it. We are not shy about saying that we
played our best right there.”
Wilkes is still searching for their first elusive
win. The Colonels have come close the past
few matches but have yet to be able to get over
that hump.
“I think a lot of it is discipline,” said Shay.
“We miss a lot of serves, we let a lot of easy
balls go. A lot of our losses come down to us
not being disciplined.”
The Colonels will wrap their regular season
this coming week, still searching for their first
win of the season. They return to the court
tomorrow against Eastern University at home.

@wilkesbeacon
Jason.Eberhart@wilkes.edu

SB: Wilkes posts first win in over a year to Arcadia, falls to King’s
By Chris Gowarty
Asst. Sports Editor

The softball team split their home
doubleheader against Arcadia University,
as they played their first set of games in 377
days. The Colonels dropped the first game 8-4
but came back with a victory in the second,
winning 5-3.
“I felt that we got stronger as the games
went on,” said head coach Jackie Klahold.
“We had much more timely hits, and we were
much more disciplined in the second game.
We haven’t seen live pitching other than
inner-squad scrimmages in over a year, so it
was really good to see our players come out
and battle.”
In the first game of the doubleheader,
Arcadia jumped out to an early 2-0 lead at the
top of the first inning.
In the bottom of the inning, first-year
Haylee Calaman recorded her first hit, as she
bunted to get two runners on base.
“At that moment, I just wanted to shorten
up, get the bat on the ball and just put the ball
in play,” said Calaman. “We really needed to
get a couple runs to put us over the edge. It
was really great to get my first hit in.”
The Colonels bounced back from the early
two-run deficit with two RBI walks from

junior infielder Emma Stauffer and senior
catcher Sarah Gibson.
In the top of the second, Arcadia scored
four more runs to acquire a lead that they
would not relinquish for the rest of the game.
In the second game of the doubleheader,
junior pitcher Rhia Aurand pitched a perfect
inning in the top of the first, which was
followed by an offensive outburst by Wilkes.

Senior Jordyn Kondras scored the first run
of the game via a wild pitch that was trailed
by an RBI single from senior Rachel Pritchard,
giving Wilkes a quick 2-0 lead.
After that, Calaman smacked a two-run
double, putting the Colonels out in front 4-0,
giving them all the runs they would need to
secure the victory.
“The win was much deserved after 377 days

The Beacon/Ariel Reed

Head coach Jackie Klahold gathered her inﬁelders against King’s College on
March 27 to relay the game strategy.

off,” said Aurand. “We didn’t look down after
the first game. We pulled together and made
the changes we needed to do to get that win.
I’m very proud of my teammates.”
Following the game on Tuesday, the
Colonels returned to the field against crosstown rival King’s College, where they did
not see as much success. Wilkes dropped
both games in the double-header against the
Monarchs.
In the first game, the Colonels were
unable to get on the board. Wilkes had an
opportunity in the bottom of the seventh.
Calaman began the inning with a walk.
Stauffer singled through the left side, moving
Calaman to second. Gibson then hit into a
double play, which moved Calaman to third,
but a groundout on the next at bat ended the
hopes for a Colonel comeback.
In the second game, Wilkes was only able
to rattle off four hits. First-year Marissa Prick
started her hitting career with a two-run
home run. Prick and first-year Taylor Douple
were the only Colonels to score.
The Colonels will face local rival
Misericordia tomorrow in a doubleheader
starting at 4 p.m.

@wilkesbeacon
Christopher.Gowarty@wilkes.edu

�The Beacon – March 30, 2021

Sports

12

Getting to know...

Ethan Weaver
Junior Lacrosse Player

The Beacon: Male Athlete of the Week from March 17 and 24
Why Ethan Weaver was selected: Weaver had a stellar game against
King’s College, where he scored nine points (three goals and six assists)
to help the Colonels to the 14-9 win over their crosstown rival.
Name: Ethan Weaver
Year: Junior
Major: Mechanical Engineering
Hometown: Olney, M.D.
High School: James Hubert Blake H.S.
Position: Attack
Driving force for your decision to come to
Wilkes?
The driving force for my decision to come to
Wilkes was the engineering program here.
Favorite memory as a Colonel?
My favorite memory as a Colonel is making

The Beacon/Ariel Reed

playoffs my freshman year for the first
time in program history since lacrosse was
brought back to Wilkes.
When/Why did you first begin playing?
I started playing in third grade. I started
playing because my dad played while he
was in high school, and I just ended up
falling in love with the sport.
Anyone to give a shout-out to?
A huge shout-out to Ryan Lasher. He has
been doing an amazing job in cage and has
been keeping us in games this year.

Getting to know...

Julie Patterson
Sophomore Ice Hockey Player

The Beacon: Female Athlete of the Week from March 17 and 24
Why Julie Patterson was selected: Patterson was selected for her twogoal game against Utica College. Her efforts also earned her the award of
MAC Offensive Player of the Week.

Name: Julie Patterson
Year: Sophomore
Major: Psychology &amp; Pre-Occupational
Therapy
Hometown: Trenton, N.J.
High School: Princeton Day School
Position: Forward
Driving force for your decision to
come to Wilkes?
I fell in love with the campus as soon
as I stepped on it. Wilkes allows me to
further my academic and athletics career.
Favorite memory as a Colonel?
My favorite is when we beat King’s last

season in a sudden last second goal.
When/Why did you first begin
playing?
I started skating as soon as I could
walk and started hockey at the age of
five. I grew up in a hockey family, so it
was always around me.
Anyone to give a shout-out to?
To my super supportive parents and
life-long teammate Abbey Barcless.
– Both Athlete of Week questionnaires
compiled by Ariel Reed, Sports Editor

The Beacon/Ariel Reed

�</text>
                  </elementText>
                </elementTextContainer>
              </element>
            </elementContainer>
          </elementSet>
        </elementSetContainer>
      </file>
    </fileContainer>
    <collection collectionId="5">
      <elementSetContainer>
        <elementSet elementSetId="1">
          <name>Dublin Core</name>
          <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
          <elementContainer>
            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="29">
                  <text>Wilkes Beacon Newspaper Collection, 1947-present</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="41">
              <name>Description</name>
              <description>An account of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="366514">
                  <text>&lt;p&gt;This is Wilkes University's &lt;em&gt;Beacon&lt;/em&gt; Newspaper collection, 1947-present. We also have digitized copies of the &lt;em&gt;Beacon's&lt;/em&gt; predecessors, &lt;em&gt;The Bucknell Bison Stampede&lt;/em&gt;, 1934-1935 and &lt;em&gt;The Bucknell Beacon&lt;/em&gt;, 1936-1947 June. It should be noted that Wilkes University does not have a complete set of issues for the Bucknell Bison Stampede and Bucknell Beacon. For researchers who are interested in seeing the complete issues for these publications, please contact &lt;a href="https://researchbysubject.bucknell.edu/scua"&gt;Bucknell University's Special Collections Department&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Missing Issues:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;1947 August 8th&lt;br /&gt;1947 September 5th&lt;br /&gt;1947 October 3rd&lt;br /&gt;1947 October 17th&lt;br /&gt;1947 October 31st&lt;br /&gt;1947 November 21st&lt;br /&gt;1947 December 19th&lt;br /&gt;1948 September 9th&lt;br /&gt;1950 April 28th&lt;br /&gt;1953 April 10th&lt;br /&gt;1962 February 2nd&lt;/p&gt;</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="39">
              <name>Creator</name>
              <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="366515">
                  <text>The Beacon staff is comprised of Wilkes University students who are advised by a full-time faculty member of the Communication Studies Department.</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="40">
              <name>Date</name>
              <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="366516">
                  <text>1934-present</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="47">
              <name>Rights</name>
              <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="366517">
                  <text>Copyright of the Wilkes Beacons is retained by Wilkes University. </text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="42">
              <name>Format</name>
              <description>The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="366518">
                  <text>PDF</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="44">
              <name>Language</name>
              <description>A language of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="366519">
                  <text>English</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="51">
              <name>Type</name>
              <description>The nature or genre of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="366520">
                  <text>Newspaper</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="48">
              <name>Source</name>
              <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="366521">
                  <text>Professor Emeritus Harold Cox digitized the collection from 1934-1970 and created a &lt;a href="https://beaconarchives2.wilkes.edu/"&gt;legacy website&lt;/a&gt;. Digital Archives student John Jenkins digitized the collection from 1970-present. Special thanks goes to Communication Studies Professor Dr. Kalen Churcher, Editor-in-Chief Kirsten Peters, Beacon staff member, Emily Cherkauskas, and other Beacon staff for their help in acquiring digitized copies of the Beacons from 2006 onward.</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
          </elementContainer>
        </elementSet>
      </elementSetContainer>
    </collection>
    <elementSetContainer>
      <elementSet elementSetId="1">
        <name>Dublin Core</name>
        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
        <elementContainer>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="367320">
                <text>Wilkes Beacon 2021 March 30</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="367321">
                <text>Communication Studies Department</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="367322">
                <text>2021 March 30</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="42">
            <name>Format</name>
            <description>The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="367323">
                <text>PDF</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="44">
            <name>Language</name>
            <description>A language of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="367324">
                <text>English</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="51">
            <name>Type</name>
            <description>The nature or genre of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="367325">
                <text>Newspaper</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
        </elementContainer>
      </elementSet>
    </elementSetContainer>
  </item>
</itemContainer>
