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                  <text>Digital exhibit items from the Admiral Harold R. Stark collection, 1923-1972</text>
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                <text>A typical Enigma intercept from the Bletchley Park operation in England formed from parts of two messages to the German Army Group Courland (Kurland) on Feb. 14, 1945. These messages were transmitted in Morse code as groups of five letters, which were easily intercepted -- but were impossible to understand without sophisticated decryption. &lt;a href="https://www.nationalmuseum.af.mil/Visit/Museum-Exhibits/Fact-Sheets/Display/Article/196193/war-of-secrets-cryptology-in-wwii/"&gt;National Museum of the United States Air Force. &lt;/a&gt;</text>
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                <text>These are two photographs, one by Nancy Dill and one by John Greer Dill with original messages and signatures sent to Admiral Harold Stark in January 1943.&#13;
&#13;
Transcription:&#13;
	To Admiral &amp; Mrs Stark&#13;
	My Happiest memories&#13;
	Nancy Dill&#13;
Nancy Isabelle Cecil Charrington Dill (1906-1996) was “a member of the Charrington brewing family and a prominent figure in the American Red Cross, which in the years 1942 to 1944 supplied the US Surgeon General’s department with the vast quantities of dressings through the mass effort of volunteer workers. Her then husband was Field Marshal Sir John Greer Dill, GCB, CMG, DSO (1881-1944) who was the senior British member of the Combined Chiefs of Staff (CCS) in Washington DC. Nancy took a hands-on approach to offering medical aid to the Allied war effort. In 1940 she drove her own car to a French Mobile Field hospital in north-east France. In October 1941 Nancy married the recently widowed Dill. Lady Nancy Dill became very popular in Washington society and repeatedly popped up in news accounts wearing her Red Cross uniform and doing volunteer work” (The British Antique Dealers' Association).&#13;
&#13;
Transcription:&#13;
	With affectionate&#13;
	regards&#13;
	J. G. Dill&#13;
	Jan[uary] 1943&#13;
&#13;
&#13;
John Greer Dill (1881-1944) was a senior British Army officer and Field Marshall. Born in Lurgan, Armagh, Ireland, Dill attended Cheltenham College in Gloucestershire, England and the Royal Military College at Sandhurst.  During the First World War, Dill was promoted to a Brigade Major, where he commanded the 25th Brigade on the Western Front. They were to join with the British Expeditionary Force and were present during the Battle of Neuve Chapelle in 1915. He was promoted to Major in 1916. In World War II, wrote a memorandum that proposed using chemical warfare against the prospect of a German Invasion. He suggested that the threat of alienation for the states’ was worth the risk because the country should not “hesitate to adopt whatever means appear to offer the best chance of success” ( ). Though many criticized the proposal, Churchill largely endorsed Dill’s words and the Royal Air Force were soon ordered to begin preparations for deploying mustard gas. Though he was promoted to Field Marshal in November of 1941, the tension between Churchill and Dill caused the former to distance themselves. Toward the end of the year, Churchill had Dill advanced to Knight Grand Cross of the Order of the Bath and stationed in Washington D.C., as a personal representative. &#13;
&#13;
&#13;
He helped create the Combined Chiefs of Staff to coordinate Anglo-American strategy and his command embraced all U.S naval forces assigned to British waters and in the Atlantic coastal waters of Europe. Though he had many favorable outcomes under his service, his career is largely marked by a controversy related to his handling of a decisive conflict during World War II: the attack on Pearl Harbor. &#13;
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                <text>Photograph of Former U.S. Secretary of the Navy Charles Edison with Message and Signature, 1940 November 5 </text>
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                <text>This is a photograph sent and signed by Former U.S. Secretary to the Navy Charles Edison on November 5 1940. &#13;
&#13;
Transcription:&#13;
	To “Betty” Stark&#13;
	A shipmate I am proud&#13;
	to call a friend—&#13;
	from his friend&#13;
	Charles Edison&#13;
	Nov[ember] 5, 1940&#13;
Charles Edison (1890-1969) was an American politician and served as Assistant secretary before being promoted to United States Secretary of the Navy. Born in West Orange, New Jersey on August 3, 1890, Edison graduated from Hotchkiss School in 1909 . Before enlisting with the Army, Edison would operate a small theater, called the "Little Thimble Theater" with Guido Bruno. In January of 1937, Roosevelt appointed Edison Assistant Secretary of the Navy, then as Secretary on January 2, 1940 when the previous man, Claude A. Swanson died suddenly. Edison would hold the position until he resigned after winning the Governor’s race of New Jersey. &#13;
&#13;
&#13;
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&#13;
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	Geoffrey Blake&#13;
	H.M.S Hood&#13;
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Geoffrey Blake (1882-1968) was a Vice Admiral of the Royal Navy, serving as Fourth Sea Lord from 1932-1935. Born in Alverstoke, Hampshire, on September 16, 1882, Blake attended Winchester College before entering the Royal Navy in 1897. His military service includes World War I and the Battle of Jutland, where he served as gunnery commander for the HMS Iron Duke. Blake would be appointed naval attache in 1919, where he would remain in Washington D.C. until 1921. Afterwards in 1925, Blake would become the Deputy Director of the Royal Navy Staff College and be promoted to director of the college a year later. During the Second World War, Blake would serve as an Additional Assistant Chief of Naval Staff in 1940, and as a Flag officer, Liaison to the United States Navy in Europe from 1942 to 1945.  &#13;
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                  <text>Digital exhibit items from the Admiral Harold R. Stark collection, 1923-1972</text>
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&#13;
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	To Admiral H. R. Stark, USN—&#13;
		“The Best Boss a Feller ever Had”---&#13;
		In pleasant remembrance of&#13;
		happy days —&#13;
			Ben Morreell&#13;
17 March 1942&#13;
&#13;
Ben Moreell (1892-1978) was the chief of the United States Navy’s Bureau of Yards and Docks and of the Civil Engineer Corps. Born in Salt Lake City, Utah on September 14, 1892, Moreell would graduate with a Civil Engineering degree from McKelvey School of Engineering in 1913, and enlist with the navy during World War I. He would become closely acquainted with Franklin D. Roosevelt, the assistant secretary of the Navy, and served in the navy yards at Massachusetts, Haiti, Virginia, and Washington following the close of the war. In December of 1937, Roosevelt would select Moreell to be Chief of Bureau of Yards and Docks and of the Civil Engineer Corps, and he would eventually rise to the rank of Rear Admiral, though he had never received the title of captain prior. In World War II, Morreell suggested that an advance built by a militarized Naval Construction Force could strengthen Pacific bases by supplying weapons and tools. These forces would become the Seabees, recruited after March 5, 1942, when  they approved the formal request by Moreell to the authority of the Bureau of Navigation on December 28, 1941. &#13;
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                <text>This is a photograph from Admiral Ernest King with original message and signature written to Admiral Stark likely after World War II. &#13;
&#13;
Transcription:&#13;
	To: Admiral Stark&#13;
with great admiration&#13;
and respect—&#13;
	Alan(?) Kisl(?)&#13;
Ernest J. King (1878-1956) was a United States Navy Fleet Admiral. Born in Lorain, Ohio, on November 23, 1878, King would graduate fourth in class from the United States Naval Academy in 1901. His first command was over the destroyer USS Terry, in 1914, during the occupation of Veracruz. King would serve on the staff of Vice Admiral Henry T. Mayo in World War I, where he would direct the salvage of submarine USS S-51. King would be appointed as COMINCH in March 1942, shortly following the attack on Pearl Harbor, where he would succeed the relieved Admiral, Harold R. Stark as CNO. He was able to hold both positions, Commander in Chief, United States Fleet (COMINCH) and Chief of Naval Operations (CNO), under a wartime Executive Order, and established the “numbered fleet” organizations under his authority. King would command the United States Navy's operations, planning, and administration and was a member of the Joint Chiefs of Staff and Combined Chiefs of Staff. &#13;
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                <text>Photograph of Lieutenant John C.H. Lee with original note and signature, ca 1940s-1950s</text>
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&#13;
Transcription:&#13;
To Admiral Stark&#13;
I'm grateful for —(?)&#13;
		Cliff Lee&#13;
&#13;
John Clifford Hodges Lee (1887-1958) was a Lieutenant General whose command oversaw the Communications Zone in the European Theatre of Operations during the Second World War. Born in Junction City, Kansas, on August 1, 1887, Clifford would graduate from the United States Military Academy, West Point, in 1909 and served as a US Army engineer. Lee served in the Panama Canal Zone and Guam during World War I, aiding with a number of domestic engineering navigation projects. Lee was promoted to Brigadier General shortly before World War II began, commanding the 2nd Infantry Division (Pacific Coast embarkation zones). He would be promoted again following the attack on Pearl Harbor, asked to aid Operation Torch and given the command of the Services of Supply. They, along with the European Theatre of Operations, would support the allied advance across France and the Allied Invasion of Germany. Lee also spoke frequently about integrating the Army.  &#13;
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&#13;
Transcription:&#13;
	To Ademiral “Betty” Stark. US.N&#13;
One whom I delight to call my friend&#13;
with the admiration + respect of&#13;
Lewis Compton&#13;
&#13;
Lewis Compton (1892-1942) was an officer of the United States Navy during World War I. Born in Perth Amboy, New Jersey, Compton would enroll in the United States Naval Reserve on March 22, 1917. Compton would return to the Reserve I after serving active duty in World War I, where he would remain training until his retirement in July of 1932. Compton would use his public service career to inform his work as a special assistant to the Assistant Secretary of the Navy before succeeding him on February 9, 1940. He served in that position until February 13, 1941. The USS Compton was named after him. &#13;
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To Admiral “Betty” Stark — An old navy friend who shared&#13;
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				Cap(?) Arnold&#13;
&#13;
Henry Arnold (1886-1950) was an American General who held both ranks of General of the Army and the Air Force. Born in Gladwyne, Pennsylvania, on June 25, 1886, Arnold was preparing to enroll with Bucknell University to study ministry, when instead he enlisted with the United States Military Academy after his brother refused. Arnold is the only ranking general to hold a five-star rank in two branches of U.S. military service. He entered the Army Air Forces shortly prior to the states’ official entrance into World War II, where he oversaw its hundred-fold expansion and directed an organization of more than 20,000 men and 800 first-line combat aircrafts. He also taught the Wright Brothers how to fly. &#13;
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                <text>This is a photograph of Admiral Andrew Cunningham of the Royal Navy with message and original signature sent to Admiral Stark sometime after World War II. &#13;
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Photograph of Admiral Andrew Cunningham of the Royal Navy with Message and Original Signature&#13;
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	Betty&#13;
	   with highest regard &amp; affection&#13;
		from Andrew&#13;
Andrew Browne Cunningham, 1st Viscount Cunningham of Hyndhope (1883-1963) was an British officer in the Royal Navy during World War II. Born in Rathmines, on January 7, 1883, Cunningham attended Stubbington House School until he entered the Royal Navy in 1897. He was in command of a destroyer during the first World War and into the interwar period. For his service, he was commended the Distinguished Service Order and two Bars. During World War II, Cunningham served as Commander-in-Chief for the Mediterranean Fleet. He controlled the defence measures of the Mediterranean supply lines by Alexandria, Gibraltar, and Malta. Cunningham was promoted to First Sea Lord, a position he headed in the Royal Navy until his retirement in 1946. &#13;
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                <text>&lt;p&gt;A photograph of &lt;a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_C._Giffen"&gt;Robert C Giffen&lt;/a&gt;, 1886-1962, with message to Harold Stark:&lt;/p&gt;
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&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:400;"&gt;From &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
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&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href="https://www.google.com/search?q=biography+of+Robert+Carlisle+Giffen+%281886+%E2%80%93+1962%29&amp;amp;sca_esv=d777291650d83160&amp;amp;rlz=1C1VDKB_enUS1120US1120&amp;amp;ei=24EjaKvmBbas5NoPnpLq-Q0&amp;amp;ved=0ahUKEwjrv8Xh_KCNAxU2FlkFHR6JOt8Q4dUDCBA&amp;amp;uact=5&amp;amp;oq=biography+of+Robert+Carlisle+Giffen+%281886+%E2%80%93+1962%29&amp;amp;gs_lp=Egxnd3Mtd2l6LXNlcnAiM2Jpb2dyYXBoeSBvZiBSb2JlcnQgQ2FybGlzbGUgR2lmZmVuICgxODg2IOKAkyAxOTYyKTIFEAAY7wUyBRAAGO8FMggQABiABBiiBDIIEAAYgAQYogRIkhRQAFiMEnABeACQAQCYAbQBoAH0DKoBBDAuMTO4AQPIAQD4AQGYAgugArwKwgIKECEYoAEYwwQYCpgDAJIHBDEuMTCgB8g5sgcEMC4xMLgHqArCBwcwLjEuNy4zyAdK&amp;amp;sclient=gws-wiz-serp"&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:400;"&gt;Robert Carlisle Giffen (1886-1962)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:400;"&gt; was an admiral of the United States. Born in West Chester, Pennsylvania, on June 29, 1886, Giffen would attend the University of Notre Dame before his appointment to the U.S. Naval Academy, Nebraska, in 1903. During World War I, Giffen would act as Lieutenant Commander of different destroyers, such as the USS Trippe, Schley, Huron, and Neches. He was restationed at the Naval Academy in 1934-1937. In March 1941, Giffen would be appointed Rear Admiral, and become a commanding officer of a cruiser division. He would lead the North Atlantic Neutrality Patrol, and would take command of surface forces following the United States’ official involvement during World War II. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
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                <text>&lt;a href="https://archivepublic.wilkes.edu/repositories/2/archival_objects/11029"&gt;Admiral Stark Collection, 1923-1972&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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                <text>&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:400;"&gt;An oral interview conducted by Robert Bomboy collecting the history of Harold Stark’s influence in Wilkes-Barre.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</text>
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                <text>&lt;a href="https://archivepublic.wilkes.edu/repositories/2/archival_objects/14301"&gt;Wilkes University Archives Repository&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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                <text>This item is an image of the USS Stark (FFG-31) sailing in the Pacific Ocean during her sea trials on July 13, 1982. This ship was created in 1980 and was named in honor of Admiral Stark. &lt;a href="https://www.history.navy.mil/research/histories/ship-histories/danfs/s/stark--ffg-31-.html"&gt;Found on the Naval History and Heritage Command website&lt;/a&gt;, accessed May 2025.</text>
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          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
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                <text> Todd Pacific Shipyards Corp, Department of Defense &#13;
</text>
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          </element>
          <element elementId="48">
            <name>Source</name>
            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="414356">
                <text>&lt;a href="https://www.history.navy.mil/content/history/nhhc/research/histories/ship-histories/danfs/s/stark--ffg-31-/_jcr_content/body/media_asset_556515855/image.img.jpg/1489669651714.jpg"&gt;Still Pictures Branch, National Archives and Records Administration II, College Park, Md., Photograph #6369664, ACD May 2025&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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          </element>
          <element elementId="45">
            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="414357">
                <text>Department of Defense&#13;
</text>
              </elementText>
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          </element>
          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="414358">
                <text>1982 July 13; Accessed on May 11, 2025&#13;
</text>
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          </element>
          <element elementId="42">
            <name>Format</name>
            <description>The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="414359">
                <text>JPEG&#13;
</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="51">
            <name>Type</name>
            <description>The nature or genre of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="414360">
                <text>Photograph&#13;
</text>
              </elementText>
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      <file fileId="48782">
        <src>https://omeka.wilkes.edu/omeka/files/original/611a0b3138c259bddba46076ecd01b53.jpeg</src>
        <authentication>81366649f53e35c7b43851324154025c</authentication>
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          <elementContainer>
            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                <elementText elementTextId="414183">
                  <text>Digital exhibit items from the Admiral Harold R. Stark collection, 1923-1972</text>
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            <element elementId="49">
              <name>Subject</name>
              <description>The topic of the resource</description>
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                  <text>Stark, Harold Raynsford, 1880-1972</text>
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            </element>
            <element elementId="41">
              <name>Description</name>
              <description>An account of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="414185">
                  <text>Digital items found in the Admiral Harold R. Stark collection, 1923-1972, located on &lt;a href="https://archivepublic.wilkes.edu/repositories/2/resources/19"&gt;Archivesspace&lt;/a&gt;.</text>
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            <element elementId="40">
              <name>Date</name>
              <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
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                <elementText elementTextId="414187">
                  <text>1923-1972</text>
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            <element elementId="42">
              <name>Format</name>
              <description>The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="414188">
                  <text>PDF</text>
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          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="414346">
                <text>Admiral Stark Trophy Race on Lake Carey, Tunkhannock, PA&#13;
</text>
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          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                <text>Admiral Stark had a series of competitive boat races done in his honor, near Wilkes Barre- happening at Lake Carey in Tunkhannock. This was something, as he states in this post card, that he was particularly proud of. Stark had learned to boat and swim in Lake Carey, so he personally had good feelings towards that lake. It is likely he played a part in these races being established. Once the races eventually came to an end, the lake stopped being used for grander reasons and events, instead becoming more of a private lake with a focus on keeping water and environmental quality of it good among the community.&#13;
</text>
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          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="414348">
                <text>Stark, Harold R. (Harold Raynsford), 1880-1972.</text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="48">
            <name>Source</name>
            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="414349">
                <text>Found in Series I: Wilkes Affiliation, 1935-1972&#13;
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              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="414350">
                <text>1934-1957&#13;
</text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="42">
            <name>Format</name>
            <description>The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="414351">
                <text>.JPEG&#13;
</text>
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          </element>
          <element elementId="51">
            <name>Type</name>
            <description>The nature or genre of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="414352">
                <text>Postcard &#13;
</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
        </elementContainer>
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  </item>
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